julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
In situ diversity of metabolism and carbon use efficiency among soil bacteria
2022-11-04

The central carbon (C) metabolic network harvests energy to power the cell and feed biosynthesis for growth. In pure cultures, bacteria use some but not all of the network’s major pathways, such as glycolysis and pentose phosphate and Entner-Doudoroff pathways. However, how these pathways are used in microorganisms in intact soil communities is unknown. Here, we analyzed the incorporation of 13 C from glucose isotopomers into phospholipid fatty acids. We showed that groups of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in an intact agricultural soil used different pathways to metabolize glucose. They also differed in C use efficiency (CUE), the efficiency with which a substrate is used for biosynthesis. Our results provide experimental evidence for diversity among microbes in the organization of their central carbon metabolic network and CUE under in situ conditions. These results have important implications for our understanding of how community composition affects soil C cycling and organic matter formation.
The role of ultra-processed food consumption and depression on type 2 diabetes incidence: a prospective community study in Quebec, Canada
2022-11-04

Abstract Objectives: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the association between depression and ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption as risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Design: A prospective community study. Setting: Baseline data (2009–2010) from CARTaGENE community health study from Quebec, Canada, were used. Food and drink consumption was assessed using the Canadian-Diet History Questionnaire II and grouped according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification, and participants were categorised into tertiles of UPF (g/d). Depression was defined using either a validated cut-off score on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 or antidepressant use. The outcome was the incidence of T2D, examined in 3880 participants by linking survey data with administrative health insurance data. Cox regression models estimated the associations between UPF, depression and incident T2D. Participants: 40–69-year-old individuals at baseline. Results: In total, 263 (6·8 %) individuals developed T2D. Participants with high depressive symptoms and high UPF consumption showed the highest risk for T2D (adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) = 1·58, 95 % CI (0·98, 2·68)), compared to those with low depressive symptoms and low UPF consumption. The risk for T2D was similar when high depressive symptoms and antidepressant use were combined with high UPF (aHR 1·62, 95 % CI (1·02, 2·57)). Conclusions: This study shows that co-occurring depression and high UPF consumption were associated with a higher risk for T2D. Early management and monitoring of both risk factors might be essential for diabetes prevention.
Spontaneous scalarization
2022-11-04

Scalarization is a mechanism that endows strongly self-gravitating bodies, such as neutron stars and black holes, with a scalar-field configuration. It resembles a phase transition in that the scalar configuration appears only when a certain quantity that characterizes the compact object, for example, its compactness or spin, is beyond a threshold. A critical and comprehensive review of scalarization, including the mechanism itself, theories that exhibit it, its manifestation in neutron stars, black holes and their binaries, potential extension to other fields, and a thorough discussion of future perspectives, is provided.
From Unit to Dose: A Machine Learning Approach for Precise Prediction of Hemoglobin and Iron Content in Individual Packed Red Blood Cell Units
2022-11-04

Abstract Transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) saves lives, but iron overload limits survival of chronically transfused patients. Quality control methods, which involve entering pRBC units and removing them from the blood supply, reveal that hemoglobin (38.5–79.9 g) and heme iron (133.42–276.89 mg) vary substantially between pRBCs. Yet, neither hemoglobin nor iron content can be quantified for individual clinically used pRBCs leading to rules of thumb for pRBC transfusions. Keeping their integrity, the authors seek to predict hemoglobin/iron content of any given pRBC unit applying eight machine learning models on 6,058 pRBCs. Based on thirteen features routinely collected during blood donation, production and quality control testing, the model with best trade‐off between performance and complexity in hemoglobin/iron content prediction is identified. Validation of this model in an independent cohort of 2637 pRBCs confirms an adjusted R 2 &gt; 0.9 corresponding to a mean absolute prediction error of ≤1.43 g hemoglobin/4.96 mg iron (associated standard deviation: ≤1.13 g hemoglobin/3.92 mg iron). Such unprecedented precise prediction enables reliable pRBC dosing per pharmaceutically active agent, and monitoring iron uptake in patients and individual iron loss in donors. The model is implemented in a free open source web application to facilitate clinical application.
Parental Confidence in Relation to Antipyretic Use, Warning Signs, Symptoms and Well-Being in Fever Management—Results from an App-Based Registry
2022-11-04

Parents’ confidence regarding their children’s fever is a key factor in its management and there is still unnecessary anxiety and associated antipyretic overuse. The FeverApp application collects naturalistic real-time data on febrile infections and educates parents on fever management. Logistic regression examined the associations between (1) parental confidence and (2) antipyretics use with fever relevant parameters. First entry data of 3721 children (mean age 21 months; SD 22.97) was assessed. A total of 58.0% of parents felt confident upon first fever documentation. Warning signs [OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40–0.61], dehydration [OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52–0.81], fever [OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.57–0.80] and having a female child [OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66–0.90] had the highest negative association with parental confidence. Antipyretics were used initially in 14.7% of children. Fever had the highest positive [OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.89–3.50] and well-being the highest negative association with antipyretic use [OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.22–0.63). In the first entry data, parental confidence was related to children’s health condition in a reasonable medical manner. The use of antipyretics was mostly associated with febrile temperature, but also low well-being. Thus, associations were partly in accordance with recent guidelines.
Practice makes Perfect: Restrained Eaters’ Heightened Control for Food Images
2022-11-04

Restrained eaters (RE) show behaviorally unregulated food intake, which is often explained by a deficit in inhibitory control. Despite evidence for general inhibitory deficits, we do not yet have a good grasp of how the variety of (food) cues in our environment can influence cognitive control. In this re-analysis, we explored the inhibitory capacity of RE and unrestrained eaters (URE) on a stop-signal task with modal (pictures) and amodal (word) food and non-food stimuli. Although we did not find the expected inhibitory deficits in RE compared to URE, we found a significant Group × Modality × Stimulus Type interaction. This indicated that RE have a relatively good inhibitory control for food, compared to non-food modal cues, and that this relationship is reversed for amodal cues. Hence, we showed differential processing of information based on food-specificity and presentational format in RE. The format of food cues is thus an important new avenue to understand how the food environment impedes those struggling with regulation of their eating behavior.
Dystopic Utopia in Lucian’s Philosophical Satire
2022-11-04

Abstract The Hermotimus is undoubtedly the most ambitious of Lucian’s philosophical dialogues, since the author undertakes a systematic study of the best philosopher in this work. More specifically, the protagonists of this dialogue, the Stoic aspirant Hermotimos and his antidogmatic interlocutor Lykinos, seek a definite answer to the following questions: Does the true and authentic philosopher exist? If so, then where is it possible to find him, and how can he prove the excellence of his philosophical tenets? A utopian moment can be captured in nuce in these questions, for the object at the heart of the discussion assumes all the features of a desideratum which is difficult, if not impossible, to fulfil, implying an operation that is constantly exposed to the risk of being reduced to nothing.
Variability of Hydraulic Properties and Hydrophobicity in a Coarse-Textured Inceptisol Cultivated with Maize in Central Chile
2022-11-04

The O’Higgins Region, located in Central Chile, concentrates 40% of the country’s maize production, mainly under conventional tillage. This has generated soil physical degradation, modifying water movement on it, which varies even in short distances. In this study, we wanted to evaluate the spatial variability of different physical and hydraulic properties in relation to the agricultural use of Inceptisol. The study was conducted on a farm in Central Chile, in a fallow–maize rotation under conventional tillage. Penetration resistance (PR) was measured by using systematic sampling, defining areas of high and low PR, where soil samples were collected in places with frequent crossing of machinery (+M) and places without crossing (−M) and on topsoil and subsoil, establishing four treatments: +M—topsoil, +M—subsoil, −M—topsoil, and −M—subsoil. Organic matter (OM), texture, bulk density (BD), hydraulic conductivity (K), and hydrophobicity (R) were measured. The soil order was Inceptisol with a sandy-loam texture. The PR ranged from 200,000 to 2,000,000 Pa on topsoil and 600,000 to 2,400,000 Pa in subsoil, and the OM content was higher with a low PR. The K varied from 0.6 to 18 cm h−1, being greater in depth, as tillage disturbs the topsoil stabilized during the season. A linear relationship was found between the K and R, explaining differences between high- and low-PR sites. There was an association between Ksat with position (subsoil/topsoil) and PR (high/low) that may allow us to use the PR as a proxy for K.
Biocrusts: Overlooked hotspots of managed soils in mesic environments
2022-11-06

Abstract Biological soil crusts, or “biocrusts”, are biogeochemical hotspots that can significantly influence ecosystem processes in arid environments. Although they can cover large areas, particularly in managed sites with frequent anthropogenic disturbance, their importance in mesic environments is not well understood. As in arid regions, biocrusts in mesic environments can significantly influence nutrient cycling, soil stabilization, and water balance; however, their persistence may differ. We call for interdisciplinary physical, biological, microbiological, chemical, and applied soil science research with a special focus on biocrusts of managed soils from mesic environments, to better understand their impact on overall ecosystem health and resilience, particularly with regard to climate change.
Virtual academy of women's health
2022-11-06

In this paper, we explored to develop a new concept of computer- and internet-based learning and training method in medicine, especially in obstetrics and gynecology, which is named as Virtual Academy of Women’ Health (VA). Especially in the times of infectious disease pandemics worldwide, learning at home rather than in big lectures hall, might be necessary and practical as never before. The VA is based on worldwide knowledge in medicine—free accessible on the internet—in terms of homepages, video and audio platforms, scientific papers, medical books, and different guidelines. A collection of different video-clips in various fields of women's health can assist the student or doctor in understanding the symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment of various diseases. There are two major targets of it—one is online education, and one is testing the knowledge by simulation of clinical cases.
Platypsyllus castoris micro-CT datasets (head and thorax)
2022-11-06

Two micro-CT datasets of both head and thorax of the beaver beetle <em>Platypsyllus castoris</em> (Leiodidae, Coleoptera). The specimen was scanned at the MPI for the Science of Human History (Jena, Germany) with a SkyScan 2211 X-ray nanotomograph (Bruker, Knotich, Belgium), with an image spatial resolution of 0.30 μm (isotropic voxel size) using the following parameters: 60 kV, 250 μA, 4,300 ms exposure time, 0.20° rotation steps, frame averaging on (2), and using no filter. Projections were reconstructed by NRecon (Bruker, Knotich, Belgium) into TIFF files.
Platypsyllus castoris micro-CT datasets (head and thorax)
2022-11-06

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Two micro-CT datasets of both head and thorax of the beaver beetle &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Platypsyllus castoris&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; (Leiodidae, Coleoptera).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;\\n\\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The specimen was scanned at the MPI for the Science of Human History (Jena, Germany) with a SkyScan 2211 X-ray nanotomograph (Bruker, Knotich, Belgium), with an image spatial resolution of 0.30 &amp;mu;m (isotropic voxel size) using the following parameters: 60 kV, 250 &amp;mu;A, 4,300 ms exposure time, 0.20&amp;deg; rotation steps, frame averaging on (2), and using no filter. Projections were reconstructed by NRecon (Bruker, Knotich, Belgium) into TIFF files.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Imagining and assessing future risks: A dynamic scenario‐based social vulnerability analysis framework for disaster planning and response
2022-11-07

Abstract While social vulnerability assessments should play a crucial part in disaster management, there is a lack of assessment tools that retain sensitivity to the situation‐specific dynamics of vulnerabilities emerging in particular hazard scenarios. We developed a novel scenario‐based vulnerability assessment framework together with practitioners in crisis management and assessed the suitability of its components in three past crises and their scenario‐based derivations: a large‐scale power outage, the COVID‐19 pandemic, and a cyber‐attack. Rather than deterministically concluding about vulnerability based on prefixed factors, the framework guides relevant stakeholders to systematically think through categories of vulnerability pertinent to a scenario. We used a table‐top exercise, interviews, and focus groups to demonstrate how the framework broadens the crisis managers’ understanding of the scope of factors that may cause vulnerability, the related sources of information and enables to identify individuals burdened by certain vulnerability mixes. The new framework could be applied to different types of crises to enhance preparedness, demand‐driven relief and rescue during critical events.
Characteristics of people with epilepsy and Neurocysticercosis in three eastern African countries–A pooled analysis
2022-11-07

Background Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a zoonotic disease caused by the pork tapeworm T . solium , represents one of the most common causes of secondary epilepsy but remains often undiagnosed due to lack of awareness and diagnostic facilities. Methodology We pooled data from four cross-sectional studies on epilepsy and NCC in eastern Africa. Study sites were in Uganda, Malawi and in Tanzania (Dar es Salaam and Haydom). The study in Uganda and Malawi were community-based, the two studies in Tanzania were hospital-based. The same questionnaire was used for assessment of clinical characteristics of patients with epilepsy. Computed tomography (CT) scans and serological testing were performed in order to diagnose NCC. Results Overall, 1,179 people with epilepsy were included in our analysis. Of those, 941 PWE underwent CT scanning and were pooled for NCC analysis. Seventy patients were diagnosed with NCC, but NCC prevalence differed considerably between sites ranging from 2.0% (95%CI 0.4% to 3.6%) in Dar es Salaam to 17.5% (95%CI 12.4% to 22.6%) in Haydom. NCC prevalence did not show any association with sex but increased with age and was higher in rural than urban settings. In addition, being a farmer, non-Muslim, eating pork and living with pigs close by was associated with a higher NCC prevalence. PWE with NCC experienced their first epileptic seizure around 3 years later in life compared to PWE without NCC and their epileptic seizures seemed to be better controlled (p&lt;0.001). There was no difference between focal onset seizures and focal signs on neurological examination in both groups (p = 0.49 and p = 0.92, respectively). The rT24H-EITB had a sensitivity for the detection of NCC of 70% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51 to 84%), the LLGP of 76% (95%CI 58 to 89%) and the antigen ELISA of 36% (95% CI 20 to 55%). Conclusions NCC is prevalent among PWE in eastern Africa, although it may not be as common as previously stated. Demographic characteristics of PWE with NCC differed from those without NCC, but semiological characteristics and results on neurological examination did not differ compared to PWE without NCC. Interestingly, seizures seemed to be less frequent in PWE with NCC. Being aware of those differences and similarities may help triaging PWE for neuroimaging in order to establish a diagnosis of NCC.
U-Th dating, taphonomy, and taxonomy of shell middens at Klasies River main site indicate stable and systematic coastal exploitation by MIS 5c-d
2022-11-07

The archaeological record, particularly of shellfish, from the Klasies River main site (KRM) is important in understanding the fluctuating nature of coastal occupational patterns and changing coastal ecologies. In this paper, we provide new uranium–thorium (U-Th) dates for one of the earlier phases of coastal exploitation at KRM, and the microstratigraphic analyses generate novel information about the taphonomy of shell-bearing deposits from the Later Stone Age (LSA) to the MSA I period that, in turn, provide a broader context for middening at the site. A wide range of syndepositional taphonomic processes related to human activities and post-depositional effects include burning, fragmentation and compaction, chemical alteration, and cementation. Despite such issues influencing recovery, shellfish data are informative and are presented from three layers of the Witness Baulk: Shell Midden One (SMONE), Black Occupational Soils (BOS), and Silty Black Soils (SBLS). These coarse shell midden deposits exhibit visible decalcification coupled with cementation with secondary carbonate formation in association with conditions of high moisture and soft sedimentation deformation of the underlying sediments of SBLS. This stratigraphy section is chronologically anchored for the first time using U-Th dating of speleothems associated with a hiatus after the deposition of BOS. The three ages, 110,060 ± 1,100, 109,800 ± 970, and 106,000 ± 2,100 years, place the BOS layer as the base of the SASL sub-member at over 110 ka, making the underlying middens from the LBS member even older. The zooarchaeological analyses of the three layers indicate coastal ecological changes from more sheltered conditions prior to the hiatus, with the exploitation of alikreukel and brown mussels predominating. Before 110 ka, in BOS and SBLS, more exposed coastal conditions occurred, and the diversity of exploited shellfish increased. SMONE and BOS are associated with MSA II/Mossel Bay lower lithic technology and SBLS with MSA I technology, indicating asynchronous coastal ecological and technological changes. The MIS 5c-d evidence for early coastal occupation at KRM provides details on the period during which coastal occupation became stable and systematic on the South African coast and puts the KRM amongst the handful of sites with shell-bearing deposits, occurring prior to 110 ka in South Africa.
XYZ spectroscopy at electron-hadron facilities. II. Semi-inclusive processes with pion exchange
2022-11-07

Semi-inclusive processes are very promising to investigate XYZ hadrons at the next generation of electron-hadron colliders, because they generally boast higher cross sections. We extend our formalism of exclusive photoproduction to semi-inclusive final states. The inclusive production cross sections for charged axial-vector Z states from pion exchange are predicted. We isolate the contribution of Δ resonances at small missing mass. Production near threshold is shown to be enhanced roughly by a factor of two compared to the exclusive reaction. We benchmark the model with data of semi-inclusive production.
Uterine allograft removal by total laparoscopic hysterectomy after successful cesarean delivery in a living-donor uterus recipient with uterovaginal agenesis (MRKHS)
2022-11-07

Abstract Purpose To limit the burden of long-term immunosuppression (IS) after uterus transplantation (UTx), removal of the uterine allograft is indicated after maximum two pregnancies. Hitherto this has required graft hysterectomy by laparotomy. Our objective was to demonstrate, as a proof of concept, the feasibility of less traumatic transplantectomy by total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). Patient A 37-year-old woman with uterovaginal agenesis due to Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) who had undergone neovaginoplasty at age 19 years prior to living-donor (LD) UTx in 10/2019 at age 35 years gave birth to a healthy boy by primary cesarean section in 06/2021. During pregnancy, she developed impaired renal function, with bilateral hydronephrosis, necessitating early allograft removal in 09/2021 to prevent chronic kidney disease, particularly during a potential second pregnancy. Methods Transplantectomy by TLH essentially followed standard TLH procedures. We paid meticulous attention to removing as much donor tissue as possible to prevent postoperative complications from residual donor tissue after stopping IS, as well as long-term vascular damage. Results TLH was performed successfully without the need to convert to open surgery. Surgical time was 90 min with minimal blood loss. No major complications occurred intra- or postoperatively and during the subsequent 9-month follow-up period. Kidney function normalized. Conclusions To our knowledge, we report the first successful TLH-based removal of a uterine allograft in a primipara after LD UTx, thus demonstrating the feasibility of TLH in uterus recipients with MRKHS.
Reinduction of Hedgehog Inhibitors after Checkpoint Inhibition in Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Series of 12 Patients
2022-11-07

For patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma (aBCC) first-line treatment with hedgehog inhibitors (HHIs) and second-line treatment with PD1 inhibitors (PD1i) is available, offering combination and sequencing options. Here, we focus on the efficacy and safety of HHI reinduction after PD1i failure. Retrospective data analysis was performed with 12 patients with aBCC (locally advanced (n = 8)/metastatic (n = 4)). These patients (male:female 6:6, median age 68 years) initially received HHIs, leading to complete/partial response (66%) or stable disease (33%). Median treatment duration was 20.8 (2–64.5) months until discontinuation due to progression (n = 8), adverse events (n = 3), or patient request (n = 1). Subsequent PD1 inhibition (pembrolizumab 42%, cemiplimab 58%) yielded a partial response (8%), stable disease (33%), or progression (59%). Median treatment duration was 4.1 (0.8–16.3) months until discontinuation due to progression (n = 9), adverse events (n = 1), patient request (n = 1), or missing drug approval (n = 1). HHI reinduction resulted in complete/partial response (33%), stable disease (50%), or progression (17%). Median treatment duration was 3.6 (1–29) months. Response duration in the four responding patients was 2–29+ months. Thus, a subgroup of patients with aBCC responded to reinduction of HHI following PD1i failure. Therefore, this sequential treatment represents a feasible treatment option.