julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Quantum reaction-limited reaction-diffusion dynamics of annihilation processes
2023-05-12

We investigate the quantum reaction-diffusion dynamics of fermionic particles which coherently hop in a one-dimensional lattice and undergo annihilation reactions. The latter are modelled as dissipative processes which involve losses of pairs , triplets , and quadruplets of neighbouring particles. When considering classical particles, the corresponding decay of their density in time follows an asymptotic power-law behavior. The associated exponent in one dimension is different from the mean-field prediction whenever diffusive mixing is not too strong and spatial correlations are relevant. This specifically applies to , while the mean-field power-law prediction just acquires a logarithmic correction for and is exact for . A mean-field approach is also valid, for all the three processes, when the diffusive mixing is strong, i.e., in the so-called reaction-limited regime. Here, we show that the picture is different for quantum systems. We consider the quantum reaction-limited regime and we show that for all the three processes power-law behavior beyond mean field is present as a consequence of quantum coherences, which are not related to space dimensionality. The decay in is further, highly intricate, since the power-law behavior therein only appears within an intermediate time window, while at long times the density decay is not power-law. Our results show that emergent critical behavior in quantum dynamics has a markedly different origin, based on quantum coherences, to that applying to classical critical phenomena, which is, instead, solely determined by the relevance of spatial correlations.
Exploring the current state of medical education in obstetrics and gynecology: A nationwide survey among German teaching coordinators
2023-05-12

Abstract Background: Obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) is an essential medical field that focuses on women’s health. Universities aim to provide high-quality healthcare services to women through comprehensive education of medical students. The objective of the present survey was both to ascertain perspectives on the teaching methods, resources, and challenges faced by medical educators in the field of OB/GYN in Germany and to identify possible room from improvement. The survey was conducted with teaching coordinators from most German university OB/GYN departments. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to the teaching coordinators in all 41 OB/GYN departments at German university hospitals. The survey was delivered via email with a link to an online survey platform. Results: The study received 30 responses from 41 universities. In addition to standard teaching formats, such as lectures, seminars, and clinical clerkships, the universities differed in their additional teaching offerings. Gynecological history-taking and general gynecology had the highest rates of learning success, while subfields such as reproductive medicine and urogynecology performed poorly. E-learning was found to be widely used and was considered advantageous. While good teaching was found to be essential and valued by students, a shortage of resources for medical education was noted. Conclusion: The present study provides valuable insights into the current state of medical education in OB/GYN at German universities from the perspective of teaching experts. We discuss approaches to overcoming current obstacles and offer suggestions for improvement.
Additional file 2 of A comprehensive analysis of copy number variations in diverse apple populations
2023-05-12

Additional file 2: TableS1. Summary of 346 apple accessions and resequencing data used in the CNV analysis. Table S2. Summary of CNV events in different accessions. Table S3. Extent of apple genome features impacted by non-overlapping CNVs. Table S4. List of all CNVRs and CN estimated by CNVnator in the apple genomes. Table S5. The genes completely or partially inside (50% overlap) of the identified CNVRs in the apple genome. Table S6. GO Biological Process enrichment for all CNVR genes. Table S7. Population-differentiated CNV-Genes between cultivars and wild relatives. (Here, wild relatives only consist of M.sieversii and M.sylvestris).
Deep learning-driven characterization of single cell tuning in primate visual area V4 unveils topological organization
2023-05-13

Abstract Deciphering the brain’s structure-function relationship is key to understanding the neuronal mechanisms underlying perception and cognition. The cortical column, a vertical organization of neurons with similar functions, is a classic example of primate neocortex structure-function organization. While columns have been identified in primary sensory areas using parametric stimuli, their prevalence across higher-level cortex is debated. A key hurdle in identifying columns is the difficulty of characterizing complex nonlinear neuronal tuning, especially with high-dimensional sensory inputs. Here, we asked whether area V4, a mid-level area of the macaque visual system, is organized into columns. We combined large-scale linear probe recordings with deep learning methods to systematically characterize the tuning of &gt;1,200 V4 neurons using in silico synthesis of most exciting images (MEIs), followed by in vivo verification. We found that the MEIs of single V4 neurons exhibited complex features like textures, shapes, or even high-level attributes such as eye-like structures. Neurons recorded on the same silicon probe, inserted orthogonal to the cortical surface, were selective to similar spatial features, as expected from a columnar organization. We quantified this finding using human psychophysics and by measuring MEI similarity in a non-linear embedding space, learned with a contrastive loss. Moreover, the selectivity of the neuronal population was clustered, suggesting that V4 neurons form distinct functional groups of shared feature selectivity, reminiscent of cell types. These functional groups closely mirrored the feature maps of units in artificial vision systems, hinting at shared encoding principles between biological and artificial vision. Our findings provide evidence that columns and functional cell types may constitute universal organizing principles of the primate neocortex, simplifying the cortex’s complexity into simpler circuit motifs which perform canonical computations.
Beat encoding at mistuned octaves within single electrosensory neurons
2023-05-13

Beats are slow periodic amplitude modulations resulting from the superposition of two spectrally close periodic signals. The difference frequency between the signals sets the frequency of the beat. A field study in the electric fish <i>Apteronotus rostratus</i> showed the behavioral relevance of very high difference frequencies. Contrary to expectations from previous studies, our electrophysiological data show strong responses of p-type electroreceptor afferents whenever the difference frequency approaches integer multiples (mistuned octaves) of the fish's own electric field frequency (carrier). Mathematical reasoning and simulations show that common approaches to extract amplitude modulations, such as Hilbert transform or half-wave rectification, are not sufficient to explain the responses at carrier octaves. Instead, half-wave rectification needs to be smoothed out, for example by a cubic function. Because electroreceptive afferents share many properties with auditory nerve fibers, these mechanisms may underly the human perception of beats at mistuned octaves as described by Ohm and Helmholtz.
Daptomycin Pharmacokinetics in Blood and Wound Fluid in Critical Ill Patients with Left Ventricle Assist Devices
2023-05-13

Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic with bactericidal effects against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). For critically ill patients, especially in the presence of implants, daptomycin is an important therapeutic option. Left ventricle assist devices (LVADs) can be utilized for intensive care patients with end-stage heart failure as a bridge to transplant. We conducted a single-center prospective trial with critically ill adults with LVAD who received prophylactic anti-infective therapy with daptomycin. Our study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of daptomycin in the blood serum and wound fluids after LVAD implantation. Daptomycin concentration were assessed over three days using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We detected a high correlation between blood serum and wound fluid daptomycin concentration at 12 h (IC95%: 0.64 to 0.95; r = 0.86; p &lt; 0.001) and 24 h (IC95%: −0.38 to 0.92; r = 0.76; p &lt; 0.001) after antibiotic administration. Our pilot clinical study provides new insights into the pharmacokinetics of daptomycin from the blood into wound fluids of critically ill patients with LVADs.
The evolution of similarity avoidance: a phylogenetic approach to phonotactic change
2023-05-13

The cross-linguistic under-representation of adjacent consonants sharing a place of articulation within uninflected lexical items is well documented. At the same time, little is known regarding the specific diachronic mechanisms involved in the emergence and maintenance of this pattern. Phylogenetic analyses provide some support for the idea that adjacent identical consonants within words arise infrequently, but stronger support for the idea that words containing such a pattern die out more frequently than those without. I highlight the value of tools used in this paper for exploring the evolution of sound patterns, and also discuss some limitations of the implementation used in the paper to be improved upon.
Additional file 4 of UmetaFlow: an untargeted metabolomics workflow for high-throughput data processing and analysis
2023-05-13

Additional file 4: Table S11. Feature detection, structural and formula predictions for kirromycin and desferrioxamine B from extracts of Streptomyces collinus Tü 365 and epemicins A and B from extracts of Kutzneria sp. CA-103260.
Additional file 3 of UmetaFlow: an untargeted metabolomics workflow for high-throughput data processing and analysis
2023-05-13

Additional file 3: Table S10. Feature detection, structural and formula predictions for commercial standards germicidins A and B, kanamycin, tetracycline hydrochloride, thiostreptone, globomycin, ampicillin and apramycin.
A common flanking variant is associated with enhanced meiotic stability of theFGF14-SCA27B locus
2023-05-14

Abstract The factors driving initiation of pathological expansion of tandem repeats remain largely unknown. Here, we assessed the FGF14 -SCA27B (GAA)•(TTC) repeat locus in 2,530 individuals by long-read and Sanger sequencing and identified a 5’-flanking 17-bp deletion-insertion in 70.34% of alleles (3,463/4,923). This common sequence variation was present nearly exclusively on alleles with fewer than 30 GAA-pure repeats and was associated with enhanced meiotic stability of the repeat locus.
»Surveil and Punish« – Tracking and Control of the Research Life Cycle
2023-05-14

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Since the German Research Foundation&amp;rsquo;s Information Paper 2021, data tracking in science has been widely discussed. However, comprehensive concepts on how to remedy this threat to scientific autonomy and integrity, for example by strengthening digital sovereignty, are not given, nor is the grip of the relevant economic actors on the entire research cycle adequately addressed. This paper looks at scientific workflows and their undermining by data-based business models.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;\\n\\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This text is a machine-based translation of my article &amp;raquo;&amp;Uuml;berwachen und Strafen&amp;laquo; in order to provide easier access for non-German speaking interested parties, also the german language quotes were therefore transferred and the sources not adapted. Consider this version a &amp;raquo;post-print derivative&amp;laquo; and please refer to the original in case of references or citations: Siems, Renke: &amp;raquo;&amp;Uuml;berwachen und Strafen&amp;laquo; &amp;ndash; Tracking und Kontrolle des Forschungszyklus. ABI Technik 2023; 43(2): 86&amp;ndash;9; &amp;lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/abitech-2023-0016"&amp;gt;https://doi.org/10.1515/abitech-2023-0016&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Non-invasive optical synthetization of hearing sensation in non-genetically modified animal
2023-05-14

Abstract Brain-machine interfaces are emerging devices that act as a medium for communication between the neural system and external software and hardware. Over the last decade, there has been a discussion on applying infrared laser stimulation to the brain-machine interfaces, including cochlear implants. Infrared lasers can selectively activate neural populations without introducing exogenous agents to tissues. This study presents the first demonstration that laser irradiation of the cochlea, a peripheral sensory organ, can elicit a clear behavioral auditory response. Mongolian gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus ) were divided into two groups, each subjected to classical conditioning where a reward water delivery was predicted by either cochlear laser stimulation or sound stimulus. Laser-conditioned animals successfully learned licking behavior, with conditioned responses and behavioral properties comparable to auditory-conditioned animals. The laser-evoked response was significantly inhibited by auditory masking, and auditory-conditioned animals demonstrated stimulus generalization to laser stimulation. In a subsequent experiment, simultaneous presentation of auditory and laser stimulation induced nonlinear amplification in both auditory cortical and behavioral responses, suggesting that combining auditory and laser stimulation can enhance auditory perception beyond the effects of each stimulus alone. These findings indicate that infrared laser irradiation of the cochlea can potentially evoke and enhance auditory perception, making it a promising candidate for implementation in auditory prostheses.
Analog Schwarzschild black holes of Bose-Einstein condensates in a cavity: Quasinormal modes and quasibound states
2023-05-15

Analog models of black holes have unequivocally proven to be extremely beneficial in providing critical information regarding black hole spectroscopy, superradiance, quantum phenomena and most importantly Hawking radiation and black hole evaporation; topics that have either recently begun to bloom through gravitational wave observations or have not yet been investigated in astrophysical setups. Black hole analog experiments have made astonishing steps toward the aforementioned directions and are paramount in understanding the quantum nature of the gravitational field. Recently, a tabletop analog Schwarzschild black hole has been proposed by placing Bose-Einstein condensates of photons inside a mirror's cavity, leading to a sink with a radial vortex that represents a velocity singularity. Here, we provide an extensive spectral analysis of both the tabletop acoustic black hole and its higher-dimensional gravitational analog. We find that quasinormal modes and quasibound states share qualitative similarities in both systems and show that the eikonal quasinormal modes of the analog acoustic black hole have a photon-sphere-like interpretation, which points to the existence of a phonon sphere in the analog black hole. Our results, complemented with the recently calculated graybody factors and Hawking radiation of the acoustic analog, can provide a theoretical test bed for future tabletop experiments with condensates of light in a mirror's cavity and provide significant insights regarding classical and quantum phenomena in higher-dimensional black holes.
Impaired perception of temporal contiguity between action and effect is associated with disorders of agency in schizophrenia
2023-05-15

Delusions of control in schizophrenia are characterized by the striking feeling that one’s actions are controlled by external forces. We here tested qualitative predictions inspired by Bayesian causal inference models, which suggest that such misattributions of agency should lead to decreased intentional binding. Intentional binding refers to the phenomenon that subjects perceive a compression of time between their intentional actions and consequent sensory events. We demonstrate that patients with delusions of control perceived less self-agency in our intentional binding task. This effect was accompanied by significant reductions of intentional binding as compared to healthy controls and patients without delusions. Furthermore, the strength of delusions of control tightly correlated with decreases in intentional binding. Our study validated a critical prediction of Bayesian accounts of intentional binding, namely that a pathological reduction of the prior likelihood of a causal relation between one’s actions and consequent sensory events—here captured by delusions of control—should lead to lesser intentional binding. Moreover, our study highlights the import of an intact perception of temporal contiguity between actions and their effects for the sense of agency.
Exploring the associations between the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi) and the higher-order personality factors
2023-05-15

Morningness-eveningness refers to individual differences in the sleep-wake cycle. Research indicates that morningness-eveningness is associated with the Big Five (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and the Big Two (alpha-stability, beta-plasticity) personality factors. However, the latter has not yet been tested within the multidimensional approach to morningness-eveningness. In the present study, we have adapted the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi) to Polish (https://osf.io/rcxb5) to explore the associations between its subscales (morning affect, eveningness, distinctness) and the Big Two personality traits in a sample of 1106 participants (559 women and 547 men) aged 18 to 55 (<i>M</i> = 36.26, SD = 9.90). In bivariate correlations, morning affect was positively related to alpha-stability and beta-plasticity, distinctness was correlated negatively with alpha-stability and beta-plasticity, while eveningness was positively correlated only with beta-plasticity. Furthermore, the confirmatory factor analysis supported the original three-factor structure of the Polish version of MESSi, while the associations with affect and the symptoms of depression and anxiety attested to its validity. Overall, the present study provides the first evidence for the associations between MESSi subscales and the Big Two personality traits, as well as shows a good fit of the three-factor structure of MESSi in the Polish population.
The chemicals between us—First results of the cluster analyses on anatomy embalming procedures in the German‐speaking countries
2023-05-15

Abstract Hands‐on courses utilizing preserved human tissues for educational training offer an important pathway to acquire basic anatomical knowledge. Owing to the reevaluation of formaldehyde limits by the European Commission, a joint approach was chosen by the German‐speaking anatomies in Europe (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) to find commonalities among embalming protocols and infrastructure. A survey comprising 537 items was circulated to all anatomies in German‐speaking Europe. Clusters were established for “ethanol”‐, formaldehyde‐based (“FA”), and “other” embalming procedures, depending on the chemicals considered the most relevant for each protocol. The logistical framework, volumes of chemicals, and infrastructure were found to be highly diverse between the groups and protocols. Formaldehyde quantities deployed per annum were three‐fold higher in the “FA” (223 L/a) compared to the “ethanol” (71.0 L/a) group, but not for “other” (97.8 L/a), though the volumes injected per body were similar. “FA” was strongly related to table‐borne air ventilation and total fixative volumes ≤1000 L. “Ethanol” was strongly related to total fixative volumes &gt;1000 L, ceiling‐ and floor‐borne air ventilation, and explosion‐proof facilities. Air ventilation was found to be installed symmetrically in the mortuary and dissection facilities. Certain predictors exist for the interplay between the embalming used in a given infrastructure and technical measures. The here‐established cluster analysis may serve as decision supportive tool when considering altering embalming protocols or establishing joint protocols between institutions, following a best practice approach to cater toward best‐suited tissue characteristics for educational purposes, while simultaneously addressing future demands on exposure limits.
Wearing Face Masks as a Potential Source for Inhalation and Oral Uptake of Inanimate Toxins: a Scoping Review
2023-05-15

From 2020 to 2023 many people around the world were forced to wear masks for large proportions of the day based on mandates and laws. We aimed to study the potential of face masks for the content and release of inanimate toxins. A scoping review of 1003 studies was performed (database search in PubMed/MEDLINE, qualitative and quantitative evaluation). Twenty-four studies were included (experimental time 17 min to 15 days) evaluating content and/or release in 631 masks (273 surgical, 228 textile and 130 N95 masks). Most studies (63%) showed alarming results with high micro- and nanoplastics (MPs and NPs) release and exceedances could also be evidenced for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), xylene, acrolein, per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phthalates (including di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate, DEHP) and for Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Sb and TiO2. Of course, masks filter bacteria, dirt and plastic particles and fibers from the air we breathe and have specific indications, but according to our data they also carry risks. Depending on the application, a risk-benefit analysis is necessary. However, mask mandates during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have been generating an additional source of potentially harmful exposition to toxins at population level with almost zero distance to the airways.
MASSA Algorithm: automated rational sampling of training and test subsets for QSAR modelling
2023-05-15

QSAR models capable of predicting biological, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic properties were widely used to search lead bioactive molecules in chemical databases. The dataset’s preparation to build these models has a strong influence on the quality of the generated models, and sampling requires that the original dataset be divided into training (for model training) and test (for statistical evaluation) sets. This sampling can be done randomly or rationally, but the rational division is superior. In this paper, we present MASSA, a Python tool that can be used to automatically sample datasets by exploring the biological, physicochemical, and structural spaces of molecules using PCA, HCA, and K-modes. The proposed algorithm is very useful when the variables used for QSAR are not available or to construct multiple QSAR models with the same training and test sets, producing models with lower variability and better values for validation metrics. These results were obtained even when the descriptors used in the QSAR/QSPR were different from those used in the separation of training and test sets, indicating that this tool can be used to build models for more than one QSAR/QSPR technique. Finally, this tool also generates useful graphical representations that can provide insights into the data.
Azekah – The Hometown of Micah the Moreshtite
2023-05-15

Abstract This article deals with the oft-debated identification of Moresheth Gath, mentioned in the book of Micah as the prophet’s hometown. Based on comprehensive analysis of texts from the early Christian period, the Amarna archive and the book of Micah, the authors claim for the first time that Moresheth Gath is to be identified with Azekah, the economically and strategically important site in the western Shephelah. »Moresheth Gath« was the old name of the site before becoming part of Judah at the end of the 9th century BCE, when the Judahite rulers renamed it »Azekah«.