julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Board Faultlines and Firm Innovativeness: The bridging role of women directors
2019-08-01

In this study, we analyze whether having women shareholder as well as employee representatives on a co-determined supervisory board is significantly related to firm innovativeness as measured by R&D intensity. Based on faultline theory, we hypothesize that it is not the mere presence of women on boards, but rather the presence of women in both functional groups, shareholder and employee representatives, that positively affects firm innovativeness as measured by R&D intensity. The underlying rationale is that the presence of women in both functional groups might cross-cut and thus bridge the representative faultline thereby enhancing boardroom interactivity and innovativeness. Our empirical analysis is based on a sample of 105 listed companies in the German indices DAX30, MDAX50, S-DAX and TecDAX30 from 2000–2015. We find that it is neither the share of women on the supervisory board as a whole nor the share of women in each of the two functional groups that affects firm innovativeness, but rather their presence in both groups, shareholder and employee representatives.
Trade-off relations for operation entropy of complementary quantum channels
2019-08-01

The entropy of a quantum operation, defined as the von Neumann entropy of the corresponding Choi–Jamiołkowski state, characterizes the coupling of the principal system with the environment. For any quantum channel acting on a state of a given size, one defines the complementary channel, which sends the input state into the state of the environment after the operation. Making use of subadditivity of entropy, we show that for any dimension the sum of both entropies is bounded from below. This result characterizes the trade-off between the information on the initial quantum state accessible to the principal system and the information leaking to the environment. For one qubit maps we describe the interpolating family of depolarizing maps, for which the sum of both entropies gives the lower boundary of the region allowed in the space spanned by both entropies.
Quantifying Elastic and Inelastic Electron Irradiation Damage in Transmission Electron Microscopy of 2D Materials
2019-08-01

Advances in transmission electron microscopy capabilities have made it an unparalleled tool for materials characterization down to their atomic structure and chemical bonding.Concurrently, the available two-dimensional materials make for ideal samples where each individual atom or vacancy can be resolved.Very recent work has also revealed the possibility of a new application for focused electron irradiation: the precise manipulation individual covalently bound impurity atoms in graphene [1-3], single-walled carbon nanotubes [4], and even silicon [5].Evaluating the possibilities for such uses requires a precise understanding of the interactions of electrons with energies down to 15 keV.I will review existing models and experiments on radiation damage in 2D materials and present new low-voltage data for MoS2.Purely elastic knock-on damage cross sections can in some cases be accurately predicted from first principles [6], with remaining questions related to the choice of the exchange-correlation functional and the role of in-plane vibrations.Accurate modeling of dynamics into arbitrary angles is still computationally prohibitively expensive, and faster techniques such as machine learning potentials may be needed to describe long timescales and larger systems.
Gender Spillovers from Supervisory Boards on Management Boards_2
2019-08-01

This study investigates potential gender spillovers of women on the supervisory board on the presence of women on the management board in a two-tier system with employee co-determination. Based on the similarity attraction paradigm, we predict a positive effect of women on the supervisory board on the presence of women on the management board. By additionally drawing on the structural holes approach, we also predict that female shareholder directors drive the positive effect on the presence of women on the management board. In addition, we account for the membership in the nominating committee of the supervisory board which is the relevant committee when it comes to the appointment of the management board. The results of correlated random effects models in a sample of 95 German co-determined and publicly listed firms (2009-2016) confirm a significant positive effect of female shareholder representatives on the supervisory board on the presence of women on the management board. The effect is especially driven by those female shareholder representatives who serve on the board’s nominating committee.
The CERN Bomb
2019-08-01

Novel Research in Sciences The CERN Bomb Otto E Rossler* Faculty of Science, University of Tübingen, Germany *Corresponding author:Otto E Rossler, Faculty of Science, university of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany Submission: July 15, 2019; Published: August 01, 2019 DOI: 10.31031/NRS.2019.01.000516 ISSN : 2688-836XVolume1 Issue4
P03.04 Signaling questions assessing brain tumor patients’ distress in clinical routine - a feasibility study
2019-08-01

Abstract BACKGROUND Approximately 20%-35% of patients with intracranial tumors show depressive symptoms and distress. Assessment in these patients remains challenging due to cognitive and/or neurological deficits. We developed 3 signaling questions in order to assess patients during patient-doctor consultation. The aim is to implement them in clinical routine and to compare the results with patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) along disease trajectory. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients were prospectively examined in a structured interview applying the 3 following questions: 1),Has your mood worsened? (I)”; 2),Are you strained by physical changes? (II)”; 3),Has your faculty of thought decreased? (III)”. Simultaneously, patients filled in the Distress Thermometer (DT) and the EORTC QLQ-C30 + BN20. The first patient group was assessed twice pre- and postoperatively in the very early disease trajectory (A), the second patient group once in the outpatient setting during adjuvant therapy or follow-up (B). The results of the 3 signaling questions were compared to the results of the PROMs. RESULTS A total of n=62 patients gave informed consent and n= 61 were assessed so far. In general, the signaling questions were feasible to answer for all patients. However, patients frequently needed more detailed examples for symptoms emphasizing the intention of the question. In group A (n= 20), patients had a mean age of 59 years, n= 12 (60%) were male. Main diagnoses were glioblastomas, meningiomas and metastases. The results of the signaling questions did not reflect the screening by DT: N= 11 (55%) reported that their mood has worsened (I) prior to the operation, which then improved to n= 5 (31%) patients afterwards. The same applied to physical changes (II, 10 (50%) vs. 7 (44%), as well as lower cognition (III, 7 (35%) vs. 4 (25%) respectively). In contrast, mean DT (5.7 vs. 6 after) as well as the mean number of positive responses to the problem lists on the DT was similar pre- and postoperatively (8.7 pre-op vs. 9.4 post-op). Group B, (n= 41) consisted of patients harboring malignant gliomas, n= 27 (66%) were male. Patients had a mean DT score = 6.8, n= 22 (53%) named a worse mood (I), n= 23 (56%) patients reported physical changes (II) and n= 22 (54%) patients reported lower cognition (III), global health scale (GHS) according to the EORTC instrument was 60 (0–100). The majority of patients with a DT ≥6 also reported strain in the signaling questions and had a lower mean GHS = 54,8. DT ≥ 6 was linked to worse mood (I, Fishers exact, p=0.02). CONCLUSION According to our preliminary data, the signaling questions seem to be more useful in the outpatient setting in glioma patients than perioperatively. “Has your mood worsened” was associated with higher burden according to DT. Screening in brain tumor patients could probably complemented by direct questions in order to avoid missing patients who are not able to fill in questionnaires.
OS3.2 Relevant topics for brain tumor patients in the Distress Thermometer, first results of the HEAT study
2019-08-01

Abstract BACKGROUND Patient-centered assessments and disease-adjusted patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are crucial in neuro-oncology. The Distress Thermometer (DT) is a well-accepted screening tool for cancer patients including a numerical rating scale (1–10, cut-offs indicating relevant distress ≥4–6) and 40 items describing possible problem categories (emotional, social, physical, practical and spiritual). The aims of the first part of the “Adaption of the Distress Thermometer in patients with intracranial tumors” (HEAT) study were to evaluate the importance and relevance of items for brain tumor patients (BTP). MATERIAL AND METHODS The multicenter study included three University hospitals. After given informed consent patients were prospectively evaluated either during their hospital stay or in the outpatient setting using DT as well as the 40 item problem list. Clinical and demographic data were recorded. We performed an analysis regarding frequency of indicated topics and evaluated their relevance for patients’ psychosocial well-beings via Pearson correlations with the DT score. RESULTS Data of n = 670 patients were analyzed. Mean age was 52 years (SD = 14, range 18–81), most of the patients harbored WHO°I tumors (37%) and WHO°IV tumors (28%). Male to female ratio was 1:1, 17% were assessed preoperatively, 40% postoperatively and 43% during adjuvant therapy or follow-up. 14% of the patients faced a tumor recurrence at assessment. Mean score of DT was 5.23 (SD = 2.9, range 0–10). Applying a cut-off score ≥ 4, 61% reported distress (≥ 5: 46% and ≥ 6: 37%). Regarding the relevance of the problem list for BTP, emotional problems (e. g., anxiety, depression) were most frequently reported. A total of 14/40 (35 %) of items were endorsed by less than 10% of patients. With exception of emotional problems all areas were reflected: practical problems (e. g., problems with child care or insurance), social problems (e. g., problems with children), spiritual concerns (e. g., loss of faith), and physical problems (e. g., breathing, fever). However, some of these rarely reported problems were of relevance for patients’ psychosocial well-being as indicated by significant correlations between the respective item and the DT score. This was, for example, the case for problems with childcare (r = .106; p &lt; .01) or breathing (r = .125; p = .001). CONCLUSION Tools developed for cancer patients do not yet perfectly reflect all needs of BTP. Based on our data, we suggest further adjustments of available tools. Yet, it should be taken into account that subgroups of BTP may require different problem lists in the DT, as we observed some topics (e.g. breathing) probably be related to BTP under chemotherapy or steroids only. Moreover, our data require cross-cultural validation as especially results regarding practical problems and insurance might differ in cultures with different social security systems.
Monetary Policy Announcements and Expectations: Evidence from German Firms
2019-08-01

We assess empirically whether monetary policy announcements impact firm expectations. Two features of our data set are key. First, we rely on a survey of production and price expectations of German firms, that is, expectations of actual price setters. Second, we observe the day on which firms submit their answers to the survey. We compare the responses of firms before and after monetary policy surprises and obtain two results. First, firm expectations respond to policy surprises. Second, the response becomes weaker as the surprise becomes bigger. A contractionary surprise of moderate size reduces firm expectations, while a moderate expansionary surprise raises them. Large surprises, both negative and positive, fail to alter expectations. Consistent with this result, we find that many of the ECB’s announcements of non-conventional policies did not affect expectations significantly. Overall, our results are consistent with the notion that monetary policy surprises generate an information effect which is endogenous to the size of the policy surprise.
New Directions in Unethical Prosocial Behavior: Its Antecedents and Consequences
2019-08-01

For a very long time, unethical behavior has been synonymous with selfish acts that intend to benefit one’s interests, often at the expense of others. However, recent research indicates that unethical behavior can also be motivated by intentions to benefit others or the social entity that individuals associate with. Drawing on diverse theoretical and empirical approaches, the present symposium explores the antecedents and consequences of such unethical prosocial behavior. The Moral Boundedness of Prosociality Presenter: Chao Chen; Rutgers U. Real Estate Agent Social Ties and Ethics in the Mortgage Market Presenter: Timothy Gubler; U. of California, Riverside Presenter: Lamar Pierce; Washington U. in St. Louis Robin Hood Wanted (or Unwanted): Recipient Reactions to Unethical Help Presenter: Stephen Lee; U. of Washington, Seattle Unethical Pro-Organizational Behavior Contagion: How and Why it Occurs Presenter: Taiyi Yan; U. of Maryland R.H. Smith School of Business Presenter: Subrahmaniam Tangirala; U. of Maryland Presenter: E. S. Srinivas; Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore Benefits, Costs, or Both? The Implications of Pro-Group Unethical Behavior Presenter: Marie S. Mitchell; U. of Georgia Presenter: Elizabeth Eve Umphress; U. of Washington Presenter: Floor Rink; U. of Groningen Presenter: Philip Yang; U. of Tuebingen
Academic Careers in Management: How do We Get to Where the Grass Is Greener?
2019-08-01

Academia has changed over the last decades and so have academic careers. In a 2019 special issue of the journal Academy of Management Learning and Education, we have brought together a set of papers discussing current trends and findings in academic careers and the international academic landscape. In this symposium, five author teams will briefly introduce their research (to be published in the special issues) to the AOM community. In the predominant part of this symposium, we will engage audience members in an interactive discussion about the practical implications from this research. In particular, we aim to help audience members become aware of what insights they can apply to their own careers, what information might be useful in instructing their PhD students or in advising junior colleagues, and what changes senior academic leaders may need to consider making to their own administrate and managerial responsibilities. Our aim for this symposium is to initiate a rethinking of academic careers and our own role in improving the academic work environment worldwide. The Impact of Language Barriers on Academic Careers in International Business Schools Presenter: Markus Pudelko; U. of Tuebingen Presenter: Helene Tenzer; U. of Tuebingen Isolation in Globalizing Academic Fields-A Collaborative Autoethnography of Early Career Researchers Presenter: Meriam Belkhir; U. of Sfax Presenter: Myriam Brouard; HEC Montreal Presenter: Katja Brunk; European Uni Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder) Presenter: Marlon Dalmoro; Univates U. Presenter: Marcia Christina Ferreira; Brunel U. Presenter: Bernardo Figueiredo; RMIT U. Presenter: Aimee Dinnin Huff; Oregon State U. Presenter: Daiane Scaraboto; Pontificia U. CatÃ3lica de Chile Presenter: Olivier Sibai; Birkbeck, U. of London Presenter: Andrew N. Smith; Suffolk U. Academic Arrhythmia - Disruption, Dissonance & Conflict in the Early-Career Rhythms of CMS Academics Presenter: Alexandra Bristow; The Open U. Business School Presenter: Sarah Robinson; U. of Glasgow Presenter: Olivier Ratle; U. of the West of England An Investigation of Academic Career Success: The New Tempo of Academic Life Presenter: Maria Kraimer; Rutgers U., School of Management and Labor Relations Presenter: Lindsey Greco; Oklahoma State U. Presenter: Scott Seibert; Rutgers U., School of Management and Labor Relations Presenter: Leisa Deborah Sargent; UNSW Australia A More Feminine Scholarship - Relational Practice for Setting a Good Example Presenter: M. Gloria Gonzalez-Morales; U. of Guelph
How Japanese Career Women Experience and Respond to Perceived Status Inconsistency
2019-08-01

We explore how Japanese career women experience and respond to the perception of status inconsistency in a career context. Status inconsistency refers to situations in which social actors occupy inconsistently ranked status positions in different social systems often due to conflicting status demands. Findings are based on more than 100 in-depth interviews with Japanese career women who face an extreme case of conflicting status demands in their private and professional lives. Drawing on this analysis, we make a contribution to status theory in a career context by offering a theoretical model of cognitive status dissonance which describes the psychological and emotional discomfort resulting from perceived status inconsistency. We identify cognitive status dissonance as the underlying mechanism that links status- and identity-related processes and explains how the perception of conflicting external status demands and the resulting internal identity work determine individuals’ responses to perceived status inconsistency. We specify three responses to perceived status inconsistency that illustrate how individuals respond to conflicting status demands of different audiences by either neglecting, partially satisfying or avoiding them. We conclude with a discussion of the contributions our research makes to status theory in a career context by delineating important micro processes of status attainment.
Women on Boards: New Insights from Global Research
2019-08-01

The symposium comprises presentations of 8 research projects on the phenomenon of women in the upper corporate echelons. The presenters number 16 and hail from 9 countries and 13 unique institutions. The symposium covers a diversity of topics (e.g., corporate board quotas and codes, director appointment), theories (e.g., social categorization, economics theories), data and methodologies (e.g., interviews and questionnaires of female executives, secondary data from Boardex/Compustat, logistic regression, content analysis), and country environments (i.e., detailed discussion of Iceland, Spain, and the US). We hope that the symposium stimulates a rich debate and discussion of critical future developments in the field of women on boards. For all papers, this will be the first opportunity for presentation; however, all are very well-developed and have substantial data/theory. We will start the symposium by asking audience members to briefly introduce themselves so we know our audience, and then we will provide time at the end of the presentations for audience members to ask questions as well as to share their perspectives on these findings and any findings from their related research.
The Impact of Perceived Multicultural and Multilingual Strengths and Deficits on Bridging Strategies
2019-08-01

Based on 155 interviews with multicultural and multilingual individuals, this study explores how these individuals use their perceived strengths and deficits to bridge barriers in multicultural and multilingual work contexts. First, I identify distinct multicultural and multilingual skills that are resources for functional bridging, such as cultural teaching and language-specific facilitation. Second, I present perceived multicultural and multilingual deficits that are catalysts for reflection and resources for reflective bridging, which I label cultural learning and language-general facilitation. The study sheds light on the complex relationship of language and culture on an individual level, introduces the study of individual-level multilingualism to international business research, reveals previously neglected perceptions of multiculturals and multilinguals regarding their skills, and carries significant practical implications.
Fluorescence-aided Composite Removal in Directly Restored Permanent Posterior Teeth
2019-08-02

SUMMARY Aim: The aim of this study was to quantitatively compare conventional composite removal and composite removal supported by the fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT) regarding the completeness, selectivity, and duration of the procedure in directly restored permanent posterior teeth. Methods and Materials: Two operators removed standardized direct class II composite restorations (n=32 per operator) in human tooth models under simulated clinical conditions. According to a randomized allocation scheme, removal was performed with either the conventional technique (contra-angle handpiece) or supported by FIT. The duration of each removal procedure was recorded. The completeness and selectivity were volumetrically assessed through superimposition of three-dimensional surface scans. Statistical significance was tested by examining the overlap of 95% confidence intervals (CI). Multiple comparison was performed with Tukey tests for each variable. Results: Compared with the conventional technique, composite removal with FIT was faster (329 seconds [95% confidence interval (CI): 268-390 seconds] vs 179 seconds [95% CI: 150-208 seconds]), generated less tooth substance loss (4.53 mm3 [95% CI: 3.77-5.30 mm3] vs 2.77 mm3 [95% CI: 2.11-3.43 mm3]), and left behind less composite residue (1.58 mm3 [95% CI: 1.23-1.94 mm3] vs 0.53 mm3 [95% CI: 0.39-0.67 mm3]). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, FIT facilitated the selective and expeditious removal of tooth-colored composites in directly restored posterior teeth.
Sleep in the completely locked-in state (CLIS) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
2019-08-02

Abstract Persons in the completely locked-in state (CLIS) suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are deprived of many zeitgebers of the circadian rhythm: While cognitively intact, they are completely paralyzed, eyes mostly closed, with artificial ventilation and artificial nutrition, and social communication extremely restricted or absent. Polysomnographic recordings in eight patients in CLIS, however, revealed the presence of regular episodes of deep sleep during night time in all patients. It was also possible to distinguish an alpha-like state and a wake-like state. Classification of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is difficult because of absent eye movements and absent muscular activity. Four out of eight patients did not show any sleep spindles. Those who have spindles also show K-complexes and thus regular phases of sleep stage 2. Thus, despite some irregularities, we found a surprisingly healthy sleep pattern in these patients.
Bayesian hypothesis testing and experimental design for two-photon imaging data
2019-08-02

Variability, stochastic or otherwise, is a central feature of neural activity. Yet the means by which estimates of variation and uncertainty are derived from noisy observations of neural activity is often heuristic, with more weight given to numerical convenience than statistical rigour. For two-photon imaging data, composed of fundamentally probabilistic streams of photon detections, the problem is particularly acute. Here, we present a statistical pipeline for the inference and analysis of neural activity using Gaussian Process regression, applied to two-photon recordings of light-driven activity in ex vivo mouse retina. We demonstrate the flexibility and extensibility of these models, considering cases with non-stationary statistics, driven by complex parametric stimuli, in signal discrimination, hierarchical clustering and other inference tasks. Sparse approximation methods allow these models to be fitted rapidly, permitting them to actively guide the design of light stimulation in the midst of ongoing two-photon experiments.