julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Practice makes perfect: the consequences of lexical proficiency for articulation
2018-08-15

Abstract Many studies report shorter acoustic durations, more coarticulation and reduced articulatory targets for frequent words. This study investigates a factor ignored in discussions on the relation between frequency and phonetic detail, namely, that motor skills improve with experience. Since frequency is a measure of experience, it follows that frequent words should show increased articulatory proficiency. We used EMA to test this prediction on German inflected verbs with [a] as stem vowels. Modeling median vertical tongue positions with quantile regression, we observed significant modulation by frequency of the U-shaped trajectory characterizing the articulation of the [a:]. These modulations reflect two constraints, one favoring smooth trajectories through anticipatory coarticulation, and one favoring clear articulation by realizing lower minima. The predominant pattern across sensors, exponents, and speech rate suggests that the constraint of clarity dominates for lower-frequency words. For medium-frequency words, the smoothness constraint leads to a raising of the trajectory. For the higher-frequency words, both constraints are met simultaneously, resulting in low minima and stronger coarticulation. These consequences of motor practice for articulation challenge both the common view that a higher-frequency of use comes with more articulatory reduction, and cognitive models of speech production positing that articulation is post-lexical.
Possible ~1 hour quasi-periodic oscillation in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG–06–30–15
2018-08-15

\\n\\t\\t\\t\\tWe found a possible ~1 h quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in a ~55 ks X-ray observation of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG–06–30–15 made with the XMM-Newton EPIC/pn detector in the energy range 0.3–10 keV. We identify a total modulation of ~16% in the light curve and find a ≃3670 s quasi-period using Lomb-Scargle periodogram (LSP) and weighted wavelet Z-transform (WWZ) techniques. Our analyses of eight light curves of MCG–06–30–15, indicated the possible presence of an oscillation during one of them. The LSP indicates a statistically significant (≃3σ) QPO detection. A WWZ analysis shows that the signal at this possible roughly 3670 s period is present, and rather persistent, throughout the observation; however, a signal around 8735 s is more persistent. We briefly discuss models that can produce X-ray QPOs with such periods in narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies, as both other claimed QPO detections in this class of AGN had very similar periods.\\n\\t\\t\\t
Distributional learning is error-driven: the role of surprise in the acquisition of phonetic categories
2018-08-15

Abstract Much previous research on distributional learning and phonetic categorization assumes that categories are either faithful reproductions or parametric summaries of experienced frequency distributions, acquired through a Hebbian learning process in which every experience contributes equally to the category representation. We suggest that category representations may instead be formed via error-driven predictive learning. Rather than passively storing tagged category exemplars or updating parametric summaries of token counts, learners actively anticipate upcoming events and update their beliefs in proportion to how surprising/unexpected these events turn out to be. As a result, rare category members exert a disproportionate influence on the category representation. We present evidence for this hypothesis from a distributional learning experiment on acquiring a novel phonetic category, and show that the results are well described by a classic error-driven learning model (Rescorla, R. A. &amp; A. R. Wagner. 1972. A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A. H. Black &amp; W. F. Prokasy (eds.), Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory , 64–99. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts).
Weak Decay of Magnetized Pions
2018-08-15

The leptonic decay of charged pions is investigated in the presence of background magnetic fields. In this situation, Lorentz symmetry is broken, and new fundamental decay constants need to be introduced, associated with the decay via the vector part of the electroweak current. We calculate the magnetic field dependence of both the usual and a new decay constant nonperturbatively on the lattice. We employ both Wilson and staggered quarks and extrapolate the results to the continuum limit. With this nonperturbative input, we calculate the tree level electroweak amplitude for the full decay rate in strong magnetic fields. We find that the muonic decay of the charged pion is enhanced drastically by the magnetic field. We comment on possible astrophysical implications.
Predictors of response to opicinumab in acute optic neuritis
2018-08-15

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate prespecified and post hoc analyses in RENEW subgroups to identify participants more likely to benefit from opicinumab. Methods RENEW assessed the efficacy/safety of opicinumab versus placebo in participants with a first unilateral acute optic neuritis ( AON ) episode. Difference in visual evoked potential ( VEP ) latency of the affected eye at 24 weeks versus the fellow eye at baseline was the primary endpoint. Interactions between the primary endpoint and prespecified baseline variables (including age, timing of treatment initiation, and visual impairment) using the median as cut‐off were evaluated in the per protocol population using analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ); subgroups based on preexisting brain T2 lesion volume were also analyzed. Interactions between the primary endpoint and retinal ganglion cell layer/inner plexiform layer ( RGCL / IPL ) and retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) thickness were assessed post hoc as was weight gain by treatment. Results Treatment benefit of opicinumab ( n = 33) over placebo ( n = 36) on the primary endpoint was greatest in participants older than the median age at baseline (≥33 years); the difference versus placebo for baseline age ≥33 years was −14.17 msec [ P = 0.01] versus −0.89 msec for baseline age &lt;33 years, [ P = 0.87]). Post hoc analysis showed that VEP latency recovery was significantly associated with less RGCL / IPL thinning ( P = 0.0164), occurring early on. Interpretation Age was the strongest prespecified baseline characteristic associated with a treatment effect of opicinumab. A strong association between VEP latency recovery at week 24 and early RGCL / IPL preservation was observed.
Chiral symmetry restoration at finite temperature within the Hamiltonian approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge
2018-08-15

The chiral phase transition of the quark sector of QCD is investigated within\\nthe Hamiltonian approach in Coulomb gauge. Finite temperature T is introduced\\nby compactifying one spatial dimension, which makes all thermodynamical\\nquantities accessible from the ground state on the spatial manifold\\n . Neglecting the coupling between quarks\\nand transversal gluons, the equations of motion of the quark sector are solved\\nnumerically and the chiral quark condensate is evaluated and compared to the\\nresults of the usual canonical approach to finite-temperature Hamiltonian QCD\\nbased on the density operator of the grand canonical ensemble. For zero bare\\nquark masses, we find a second-order chiral phase transition with a critical\\ntemperature of about 92 MeV. If the Coulomb string tension is adjusted to\\nreproduce the phenomenological value of the quark condensate, the critical\\ntemperature increases to 118 MeV.\\n
Sixteen going on sixty-six: A longitudinal study of personality stability and change across 50 years.
2018-08-16

How much do people's personalities change or remain stable from high school to retirement? To address these questions, we used a large U.S. sample (<i>N</i> = 1,795) that assessed people's personality traits in adolescence and 50 years later. We also used 2 independent samples, 1 cross-sectional and 1 short-term longitudinal (<i>N</i> = 3,934 and <i>N</i> = 38, respectively), to validate the personality scales and estimate measurement error. This was the first study to test personality stability/change over a 50-year time span in which the same data source was tapped (i.e., self-report). This allowed us to use 4 different methods (rank-order stability, mean-level change, individual-level change, and profile stability) answering different developmental questions. We also systematically tested gender differences. We found that the average rank-order stability was .31 (corrected for measurement error) and .23 (uncorrected). The average mean-level change was half of a standard deviation across personality traits, and the pattern of change showed maturation. Individual-level change also supported maturation, with 20% to 60% of the people showing reliable change within each trait. We tested 3 aspects of personality profile stability, and found that overall personality profile stability was .37, distinctive profile stability was .17, and profile normativeness was .51 at baseline and .62 at the follow-up. Gender played little role in personality development across the life span. Our findings suggest that personality has a stable component across the life span, both at the trait level and at the profile level, and that personality is also malleable and people mature as they age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
The effect of immunosuppressive agents on immunogenicity of pneumococcal vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis
2018-08-16

The findings of our systematic review indicate that, in patients treated with immunosuppressive medication and compared to controls, the initial serologic response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) are impaired. Moreover, this impaired response was more profound after PCV than after PPSV. We hypothesize that the immunosuppressive medication mainly compromises the cellular immunity, explaining the more severely reduced response rate to PCV (which induces a T-cell dependent immune response), compared to PPSV. Treatment with TNFα blocking agents was associated with a more favorable response, compared to patients treated with other immunosuppressive medication. Targeted research applying uniform correlates of protection is needed to bridge the knowledge gap in vaccination immunology in this patient group. PROSPERO registration: CRD42017058364.
Identification of non-mutated neoantigens presented by TAP-deficient tumors
2018-08-16

Most T cell–based immunotherapies of cancer depend on intact antigen presentation by HLA class I molecules (HLA-I). However, defects in the antigen-processing machinery can cause downregulation of HLA-I, rendering tumor cells resistant to CD8+ T cells. Previously, we demonstrated that a unique category of cancer antigens is selectively presented by tumor cells deficient for the peptide transporter TAP, enabling a specific attack of such tumors without causing immunopathology in mouse models. With a novel combinatorial screening approach, we now identify 16 antigens of this category in humans. These HLA-A*02:01 presented peptides do not derive from the mutanome of cancers, but are of “self” origin and therefore constitute universal neoantigens. Indeed, CD8+ T cells specific for the leader peptide of the ubiquitously expressed LRPAP1 protein recognized TAP-deficient, HLA-Ilow lymphomas, melanomas, and renal and colon carcinomas, but not healthy counterparts. In contrast to personalized mutanome-targeted therapies, these conserved neoantigens and their cognate receptors can be exploited for immune-escaped cancers across diverse histological origins.
Wearables for gait and balance assessment in the neurological ward - study design and first results of a prospective cross-sectional feasibility study with 384 inpatients
2018-08-16

Our study suggests that the use of wearables for the assessment of gait and balance features in a clinical setting is feasible. Moreover, preliminary results confirm previous epidemiological data about gait and balance deficits among neurological inpatients. Evaluation of neurological inpatients with novel wearable technology opens new opportunities for the assessment of predictive, progression and treatment response markers.
Cold storage of platelets in additive solution: the impact of residual plasma in apheresis platelet concentrates
2018-08-16

Platelet transfusion has become essential therapy in modern medicine. Although the clinical advantage of platelet transfusion has been well established, adverse reactions upon transfusion, especially transmission of bacterial infection, still represent a major challenge. While bacterial contamination is favored by the storage of platelets at room temperature, cold storage may represent a solution for this important clinical issue. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether plasma has protective or detrimental effects on cold-stored platelets. We investigated the impact of different residual plasma contents in apheresis-derived platelet concentrates, stored at 4°C or room temperature, on platelet function and survival. We found that platelets stored at 4°C have higher expression of apoptosis marker compared to platelets stored at room temperature, leading to accelerated clearance from the circulation in a humanized animal model. While cold-induced apoptosis was independent of the residual plasma concentration, cold storage was associated with better adhesive properties and higher response to activators. Interestingly, delta (δ) granule-related functions, such as ADP-mediated aggregation and CD63 release, were better preserved at 4°C, especially in 100% plasma. An extended study to assess cold-stored platelet concentrates produced under standard care Good Manufacturing Practice conditions showed that platelet function, metabolism and integrity were better compared to those stored at room temperature. Taken together, our results show that residual plasma concentration does not have a cardinal impact on the cold storage lesions of apheresis-derived platelet concentrates and indicate that the current generation of additive solutions represent suitable substitutes for plasma to store platelets at 4°C.
Sixteen Going on Sixty-Six: A Longitudinal Study of Personality Stability and Change across 50 Years
2018-08-16

How much do people’s personalities change or remain stable from high-school to retirement? To address these questions, we used a large US sample (N = 1,795) that assessed people’s personality traits in adolescence and 50 years later. We also used two independent samples, one cross-sectional and one short-term longitudinal (N = 3,934 and N = 38, respectively), to validate the personality scales and estimate measurement error. This was the first study to test personality stability/change over a 50-year time span in which the same data source was tapped (i.e., self-report). This allowed us to use four different methods (rank-order stability, mean-level change, individual-level change, and profile stability) answering different developmental questions. We also systematically tested gender differences. We found that the average rank-order stability was .31 (corrected for measurement error) and .23 (uncorrected). The average mean-level change was half of a standard deviation across personality traits, and the pattern of change showed maturation. Individual-level change also supported maturation, with 20-60% of the people showing reliable change within each trait. We tested three aspects of personality profile stability, and found that overall personality profile stability was .37, distinctive profile stability was .17, and profile normativeness was .51 at baseline and .62 at the follow-up. Gender played little role in personality development across the lifespan. Our findings suggest that personality has a stable component across the lifespan, both at the trait level and at the profile level, and that personality is also malleable and people mature as they age.
Introspection is not always blind to the costs of multitasking: The case of task switching.
2018-08-16

Previous studies have provided evidence that introspection about dual-task performance in the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm is severely limited. The present study investigated introspection at the other pole of the multitasking continuum, namely task switching. In 2 experiments, participants provided estimates of their response times (i.e., introspective RTs) after each trial in modified versions of the alternating-runs and the task-cuing paradigm, which included only 2 tasks in a trial. In contrast to the previously observed unawareness of dual-task costs in the PRP paradigm, participants reported their switch costs in introspective RTs. Thus, introspection about multitasking performance appears to not always be as limited as in the PRP paradigm. Nevertheless, introspection is not without limits also in task switching. Participants only partly reported the beneficial impact of longer preparation time on their performance. The present results suggest that introspective RTs depend on multiple cues, of which some are valid and some are invalid. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Assessment Of Mutation Probabilities Of Kras G12 Missense Mutants And Their Long-Time Scale Dynamics By Atomistic Molecular Simulations And Markov State Modeling: Datasets.
2018-08-16

Datasets related to the publication [1].<br> Including: KRAS G12X mutations derived from COSMIC v.79 [http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/] (KRAS_G12X_mut_COSMICv79..xlsx) RMSFs (300-2000ns) of GDP-systems (300_2000rmsf_GDP_systems_RAW_AVG_SE.xlsx) RMSFs (300-2000ns) of GTP-systems (300_2000RMSF_GTP_systems_RAW_AVG_SE.xlsx) PyInteraph analysis data for salt-bridges and hydrophobic clusters (.dat files for each system in the PyInteraph_data.zip-file) Backbone trajectories for each system (residues 4-164; frames for every 1ns). Last number (e.g. _1) refers to the replica of the simulated system. backbone_4-164.gro/.pdb/.tpr -files (resid 4-164) <br> [1] Pantsar T et al. Assessment of mutation probabilities of KRAS G12 missense mutants and their long-time scale dynamics by atomistic molecular simulations and Markov state modeling. <em>PLoS Comput Biol Submitted</em> (2018)
Review of Particle Physics
2018-08-17

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 118 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Neutrinos in Cosmology.&#13;\\nStarting with this edition, the Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and all review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings. Review articles that were previously part of the Listings are now included in volume 1.&#13;\\nThe complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.1b1.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is also available.
Fueling the Cycle: CDKs in Carbon and Energy Metabolism
2018-08-17

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the central regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle, and are conserved across eukaryotes. Their main and well-studied function lies in the regulation and the time-keeping of cell cycle entry and progression. Additionally, more and more non canonical functions of CDKs are being uncovered. One fairly recently discovered role of CDKs is the coordination of carbon and energy metabolism with proliferation. Evidence from different model organisms is accumulating that CDKs can directly and indirectly control fluxes through metabolism, for example by phosphorylating metabolic enzymes. In this mini-review, we summarize the emerging role of CDKs in regulating carbon and energy metabolism and discuss examples in different models from yeast to cancer cells.
Bi-allelic mutations in TRAPPC2L result in a neurodevelopmental disorder and have an impact on RAB11 in fibroblasts
2018-08-17

Background The combination of febrile illness-induced encephalopathy and rhabdomyolysis has thus far only been described in disorders that affect cellular energy status. In the absence of specific metabolic abnormalities, diagnosis can be challenging. Objective The objective of this study was to identify and characterise pathogenic variants in two individuals from unrelated families, both of whom presented clinically with a similar phenotype that included neurodevelopmental delay, febrile illness-induced encephalopathy and episodes of rhabdomyolysis, followed by developmental arrest, epilepsy and tetraplegia. Methods Whole exome sequencing was used to identify pathogenic variants in the two individuals. Biochemical and cell biological analyses were performed on fibroblasts from these individuals and a yeast two-hybrid analysis was used to assess protein-protein interactions. Results Probands shared a homozygous TRAPPC2L variant (c.109G&gt;T) resulting in a p.Asp37Tyr missense variant. TRAPPC2L is a component of transport protein particle (TRAPP), a group of multisubunit complexes that function in membrane traffic and autophagy. Studies in patient fibroblasts as well as in a yeast system showed that the p.Asp37Tyr protein was present but not functional and resulted in specific membrane trafficking delays. The human missense mutation and the analogous mutation in the yeast homologue Tca17 ablated the interaction between TRAPPC2L and TRAPPC10/Trs130, a component of the TRAPP II complex. Since TRAPP II activates the GTPase RAB11, we examined the activation state of this protein and found increased levels of the active RAB, correlating with changes in its cellular morphology. Conclusions Our study implicates a RAB11 pathway in the aetiology of the TRAPPC2L disorder and has implications for other TRAPP-related disorders with similar phenotypes.