julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
“Wrong Way Up”: Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of the Networks for Body Motion Processing at 9.4 T
2017-06-02

Body motion delivers a wealth of socially relevant information. Yet display inversion severely impedes biological motion (BM) processing. It is largely unknown how the brain circuits for BM are affected by display inversion. As upright and upside-down point-light BM displays are similar, we addressed this issue by using ultrahigh field functional MRI at 9.4 T providing for high sensitivity and spatial resolution. Whole-brain analysis along with exploration of the temporal dynamics of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent response reveals that in the left hemisphere, inverted BM activates anterior networks likely engaged in decision making and cognitive control, whereas readily recognizable upright BM activates posterior areas solely. In the right hemisphere, multiple networks are activated in response to upright BM as compared with scarce activation to inversion. With identical visual input with display inversion, a large-scale network in the right hemisphere is detected in perceivers who do not constantly interpret displays as shown the "wrong way up." For the first time, we uncover (1) (multi)functional involvement of each region in the networks underpinning BM processing and (2) large-scale ensembles of regions playing in unison with distinct temporal dynamics. The outcome sheds light on the neural circuits underlying BM processing as an essential part of the social brain.
A productive clash of perspectives? The interplay between articles’ and authors’ perspectives and their impact on Wikipedia edits in a controversial domain
2017-06-02

This study examined predictors of the development of Wikipedia articles that deal with controversial issues. We chose a corpus of articles in the German-language version of Wikipedia about alternative medicine as a representative controversial issue. We extracted edits made until March 2013 and categorized them using a supervised machine learning setup as either being pro conventional medicine, pro alternative medicine, or neutral. Based on these categories, we established relevant variables, such as the perspectives of articles and of authors at certain points in time, the (im)balance of an article's perspective, the number of non-neutral edits per article, the number of authors per article, authors' heterogeneity per article, and incongruity between authors' and articles' perspectives. The underlying objective was to predict the development of articles' perspectives with regard to the controversial topic. The empirical part of the study is embedded in theoretical considerations about editorial biases and the effectiveness of norms and rules in Wikipedia, such as the neutral point of view policy. Our findings revealed a selection bias where authors edited mainly articles with perspectives similar to their own viewpoint. Regression analyses showed that an author's perspective as well as the article's previous perspectives predicted the perspective of the resulting edits, albeit both predictors interact with each other. Further analyses indicated that articles with more non-neutral edits were altogether more balanced. We also found a positive effect of the number of authors and of the authors' heterogeneity on articles' balance. However, while the effect of the number of authors was reserved to pro-conventional medicine articles, the authors' heterogenity effect was restricted to pro-alternative medicine articles. Finally, we found a negative effect of incongruity between authors' and articles' perspectives that was pronounced for the pro-alternative medicine articles.
Combined application of arsenic trioxide and lithium chloride augments viability reduction and apoptosis induction in human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines
2017-06-02

Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are the most prevalent soft tissue sarcomas affecting children and adolescents. Despite intensive treatment consisting of multimodal chemotherapy and surgery RMS patients diagnosed with metastatic disease expect long term survival rates of only 20%. Often multidrug resistance arises upon initial response emphasizing the need for new therapeutic drugs to improve treatment efficiency. Previously, we demonstrated the efficacy of the FDA approved drug arsenic trioxide (ATO) specifically inhibiting viability and clonal growth as well as inducing cell death in human RMS cell lines of different subtypes. In this study, we combined low dose ATO with lithium chloride (LiCl), which is approved as mood stabilizer for the treatment of bipolar disorder, but also inhibits growth and survival of different cancer cell types in pre-clinical research. Indeed, we could show additive effects of LiCl and ATO on viability reduction, decrease of colony formation as well as cell death induction. In the course of this, LiCl induced inhibitory glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) serine 9 phosphorylation, whereas glioma associated oncogene family 1 (GLI1) protein expression was particularly reduced by combined ATO and LiCl treatment in RD and RH-30 cell lines, showing high rates of apoptotic cell death. These results imply that combination of ATO with LiCl or another drug targeting GSK-3 is a promising strategy to enforce the treatment efficiency in resistant and recurrent RMS.
Objective (Real-world) Motion Responses in Scene Responsive Regions
2017-06-02

Abstract We perceive scenes as stable even when eye movements induce retinal motion, for example during pursuit of a moving object. Mechanisms mediating perceptual stability have primarily been examined in motion regions of the dorsal visual pathway. Here we examined whether motion responses in human scene regions are encoded in eye- or world centered reference frames. We recorded brain responses in human participants using fMRI while they performed a well-controlled visual pursuit paradigm previously used to examine dorsal motion regions. In addition, we examined effects of content by using either natural scenes or their Fourier scrambles. We found that parahippocampal place area (PPA) responded to motion only in world- but not in eye-centered coordinates, regardless of scene content. The occipital place area (OPA) responded to both, objective and retinal motion equally, and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) had no motion responses but responded to pursuit. Only PPA’s objective motion responses were higher during scenes than scrambled images, although there was a similar trend in OPA. These results indicate a special role of PPA in representing its content in real-world coordinates. Our results question a strict subdivision of dorsal “what” and ventral “where” streams, and suggest a role of PPA in contributing to perceptual stability.
Feedback inhibition of apolipoprotein A-I synthesis by its propeptide in hepatocyte cell culture and in the cell-free system
2017-06-02

Addition of chemically synthesized proapolipoprotein A-I hexapeptides in a concentration of 10 -4 mol/l in the medium of primary rat hepatocyte cell cultures decreased net apolipoprotein A-I synthesis by up to 13%.The inhibition was dose dependent and slightly different for the three peptides with differing amino acid sequences.The synthesis of albumin remained unaltered.In a reticulocyte cell-free system the three propeptides, in a concentration of 10 -4 mol/l, inhibited apolipoprotein synthesis by 42%, 43%, and 48%, respectively.Total protein synthesis was inhibited by 19%, 22%, and 24 % only.All three propeptides in concentrations of 10 -7 to 10 -4 mol/l inhibited apo A-I synthesis in a dose dependent manner, indicating that the identical C-terminal sequence (Phe-Trp-Gln-Gln) is responsible for the inhibitory effect.The synthesis of albumin was not inhibited.The proalbumin hexapeptide (Arg-Gly-Val-Phe-Arg-Arg) at a concentration of 10 -3 mol/l inhibited albumin synthesis by 63% whereas incorporation into apoA-I was inhibited by only 14%.Amino acids in concentrations equimolar to the propeptides had no effect on the incorporation into total protein, apoA-I, and rat serum albumin.These results suggest that the synthesis of apolipoprotein A-I is regulated by a feedback mechanism with its propeptide as inhibitor.
SMC X-3: the closest ultraluminous X-ray source powered by a neutron star with non-dipole magnetic field
2017-06-03

Aims. The magnetic field of accreting neutron stars determines their overall behavior including the maximum possible luminosity. Some models require an above-average magnetic field strength (≳10^(13) G) in order to explain super-Eddington mass accretion rate in the recently discovered class of pulsating ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX). The peak luminosity of SMC X-3 during its major outburst in 2016–2017 reached ~2.5 × 10^(39) erg s^(-1) comparable to that in ULXs thus making this source the nearest ULX-pulsar. Determination of the magnetic field of SMC X-3 is the main goal of this paper.&#13;\\nMethods. SMC X-3 belongs to the class of transient X-ray pulsars with Be optical companions, and exhibited a giant outburst in July 2016–March 2017. The source has been observed over the entire outburst with the Swift/XRT and Fermi/GBM telescopes, as well as the NuSTAR observatory. Collected data allowed us to estimate the magnetic field strength of the neutron star in SMC X-3 using several independent methods.&#13;\\nResults. Spin evolution of the source during and between the outbursts, and the luminosity of the transition to the so-called propeller regime in the range of (0.3–7) × 10^(35) erg s^(-1) imply a relatively weak dipole field of (1–5) × 10^(12) G. On the other hand, there is also evidence for a much stronger field in the immediate vicinity of the neutron star surface. In particular, transition from super- to sub-critical accretion regime associated with the cease of the accretion column and very high peak luminosity favor a field that is an order of magnitude stronger. This discrepancy makes SMC X-3 a good candidate for possessing significant non-dipolar components of the field, and an intermediate source between classical X-ray pulsars and accreting magnetars which may constitute an appreciable fraction of ULX population.
Effect of single intralesional treatment of surgically induced equine superficial digital flexor tendon core lesions with adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: a controlled experimental trial
2017-06-05

The effect of a single intralesional injection of cultured AT-MSCs suspended in autologous inactivated serum was not superior to treatment of surgically created SDFT lesions with autologous inactivated serum alone in a surgical model of tendinopathy over an observation period of 22 weeks. AT-MSC treatment might have a positive influence on collagen crosslinking of remodelling scar tissue. Controlled long-term studies including naturally occurring tendinopathies are necessary to verify the effects of AT-MSCs on tendon disease.
Learned control of inter-hemispheric connectivity: Effects on bimanual motor performance
2017-06-05

Bimanual movements involve the interactions between both primary motor cortices. These interactions are assumed to involve phase-locked oscillatory brain activity referred to as inter-hemispheric functional coupling. So far, inter-hemispheric functional coupling has been investigated as a function of motor performance. These studies report mostly a negative correlation between the performance in motor tasks and the strength of functional coupling. However, correlation might not reflect a causal relationship. To overcome this limitation, we opted for an alternative approach by manipulating the strength of inter-hemispheric functional coupling and assessing bimanual motor performance as a dependent variable. We hypothesize that an increase/decrease of functional coupling deteriorates/facilitates motor performance in an out-of-phase bimanual finger-tapping task. Healthy individuals were trained to volitionally regulate functional coupling in an operant conditioning paradigm using real-time magnetoencephalography neurofeedback. During operant conditioning, two discriminative stimuli were associated with upregulation and downregulation of functional coupling. Effects of training were assessed by comparing motor performance prior to (pre-test) and after the training (post-test). Participants receiving contingent feedback learned to upregulate and downregulate functional coupling. Comparing motor performance, as indexed by the ratio of tapping speed for upregulation versus downregulation trials, no change was found in the control group between pre- and post-test. In contrast, the group receiving contingent feedback evidenced a significant decrease of the ratio implicating lower tapping speed with stronger functional coupling. Results point toward a causal role of inter-hemispheric functional coupling for the performance in bimanual tasks. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4353-4369, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of S-sulfocysteine on fragments and trisulfide bond linkages in monoclonal antibodies
2017-06-05

The quality of recombinant proteins such as monoclonal antibodies produced using Chinese hamster ovary cell-based mammalian systems is dependent on many factors, including cell line, process and cell culture media. Due to these factors, the generated product is heterogeneous and may have chemically-induced modifications or post-translational modifications that affect antibody stability, functionality and, in some cases, patient safety. This study demonstrates that S-sulfocysteine, a cysteine derivative, can increase the antibody specific productivity in different cell lines cultivated with different processes while minimizing trisulfide linkages in generated mAbs, mainly between heavy and light chain. The supplementation of a cell culture feed with S-sulfocysteine also proved to be useful to reduce the percentage of antibody fragments generated from the monoclonal antibody. Overall, this new component used in the upstream process allows a reduction of product heterogeneity.
The Emperor’s Boot, or: Perceiving Public Rituals in the Urban Reformation*
2017-06-05

This article explores the sensory experience of the audience for urban public rituals in the Reformation period. Based on the microhistorical analysis of a shoemaker's chronicle, it demonstrates how perception was formed by factors such as the social and occupational habituation of the senses, sensory impairment, reading and oral communication, and theological teaching. The intersections of these influences in the embodied experience of the individual, the argument runs, needs to be taken into account in an interpretation of ritual change and, more generally, of the premodern urban public.
Early retinotopic responses to violations of emotion–location associations may depend on conscious awareness
2017-06-05

Reports of modulations of early visual processing suggest that retinotopic visual cortex may actively predict upcoming stimuli. We tested this idea by showing healthy human participants images of human faces at fixation, with different emotional expressions predicting stimuli in either the upper or the lower visual field. On infrequent test trials, emotional faces were followed by combined stimulation of upper and lower visual fields, thus violating previously established associations. Results showed no effects of such violations at the level of the retinotopic C1 of the visual evoked potential over the full sample. However, when separating participants who became aware of these associations from those who did not, we observed significant group differences during extrastriate processing of emotional faces, with inverse solution results indicating stronger activity in unaware subjects throughout the ventral visual stream. Moreover, within-group comparisons showed that the same peripheral stimuli elicited differential activity patterns during the C1 interval, depending on which stimulus elements were predictable. This effect was selectively observed in manipulation-aware subjects. Our results provide preliminary evidence for the notion that early visual processing stages implement predictions of upcoming events. They also point to conscious awareness as a moderator of predictive coding.
Quasinormal modes of a scalar field in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-AdS black hole background: Perturbative and nonperturbative branches
2017-06-06

It has recently been found that quasinormal modes of asymptotically anti-de\\nSitter (AdS) black holes in theories with higher curvature corrections may help\\nto describe the regime of intermediate 't Hooft coupling in the dual field\\ntheory. Here, we consider quasinormal modes of a scalar field in the background\\nof spherical Gauss--Bonnet--anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes. In general, the\\neigenvalues of wave equations are found here numerically, but at a fixed\\nGauss-Bonnet constant (where is the AdS radius), an exact\\nsolution of the scalar field equation has been obtained. Remarkably, the purely\\nimaginary modes, which are usually appropriate only to some gravitational\\nperturbations, were found here even for a test scalar field. These purely\\nimaginary modes of the Einstein--Gauss--Bonnet theory do not have the\\nEinsteinian limits, because their damping rates grow, when is\\ndecreasing. Thus, these modes are nonperturbative in . The real\\noscillation frequencies of the perturbative branch are linearly related to\\ntheir Schwarzschild-AdS limits , where is the number of spacetime dimensions. Comparison of\\nthe analytical formula with the frequencies found by the shooting method allows\\nus to test the latter. In addition, we found exact solutions to the master\\nequations for gravitational perturbations at and observed that\\nfor the scalar type of gravitational perturbations an eikonal instability\\ndevelops.\\n
Morphological integration and the bilingual lexicon
2017-06-06

In English, as in most of the world’s languages, the majority of words are multimorphemic. In the psycholinguistic literature on lexical processing in bilinguals, however, multimorphemic words have thus far received relatively little treatment. In this chapter, we discuss the opportunities that the study of multimorphemic words afford. We also consider the consequences that a multimorphemic perspective may have on the conceptualization of the bilingual mental lexicon in general and on the links among lexical reoperations within in. We present a study of compound processing among Hebrew-English bilinguals. These bilinguals performed a lexical decision task with constituent priming in both their languages. We investigated within and between language priming effects as well as differences among compound word types. Results point to a highly integrated lexical organization but also illustrate the complexity of such experimental studies.
MEG dataset adult local-global paradigm
2017-06-06

&lt;p&gt;MEG data of 16 healthy adults with an auditory local-global paradigm. For closer description of data see metadata and data description files. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;If unziping the dataset on linux -FF option should be used.&lt;/p&gt;
Meg Dataset Adult Local-Global Paradigm
2017-06-06

MEG data of 16 healthy adults with an auditory local-global paradigm. For closer description of data see metadata and data description files. If unziping the dataset on linux -FF option should be used.
Iron(II)-Catalyzed Iron Atom Exchange and Mineralogical Changes in Iron-rich Organic Freshwater Flocs: An Iron Isotope Tracer Study
2017-06-07

In freshwater wetlands, organic flocs are often found enriched in trace metal(loid)s associated with poorly crystalline Fe(III)-(oxyhydr)oxides. Under reducing conditions, flocs may become exposed to aqueous Fe(II), triggering Fe(II)-catalyzed mineral transformations and trace metal(loid) release. In this study, pure ferrihydrite, a synthetic ferrihydrite-polygalacturonic acid coprecipitate (16.7 wt % C), and As- (1280 and 1230 mg/kg) and organic matter (OM)-rich (18.1 and 21.8 wt % C) freshwater flocs dominated by ferrihydrite and nanocrystalline lepidocrocite were reacted with an isotopically enriched <sup>57</sup>Fe(II) solution (0.1 or 1.0 mM Fe(II)) at pH 5.5 and 7. Using a combination of wet chemistry, Fe isotope analysis, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), <sup>57</sup>Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, we followed the Fe atom exchange kinetics and secondary mineral formation over 1 week. When reacted with Fe(II) at pH 7, pure ferrihydrite exhibited rapid Fe atom exchange at both Fe(II) concentrations, reaching 76 and 89% atom exchange in experiments with 0.1 and 1 mM Fe(II), respectively. XAS data revealed that it transformed into goethite (21%) at the lower Fe(II) concentration and into lepidocrocite (73%) and goethite (27%) at the higher Fe(II) concentration. Despite smaller Fe mineral particles in the coprecipitate and flocs as compared to pure ferrihydrite (inferred from Mössbauer-derived blocking temperatures), these samples showed reduced Fe atom exchange (9-30% at pH 7) and inhibited secondary mineral formation. No release of As was recorded for Fe(II)-reacted flocs. Our findings indicate that carbohydrate-rich OM in flocs stabilizes poorly crystalline Fe minerals against Fe(II)-catalyzed transformation by surface-site blockage and/or organic Fe(II) complexation. This hinders the extent of Fe atom exchange at mineral surfaces and secondary mineral formation, which may consequently impair Fe(II)-activated trace metal(loid) release. Thus, under short-term Fe(III)-reducing conditions facilitating the fast attainment of solid-solution equilibria (e.g., in stagnant waters), Fe-rich freshwater flocs are expected to remain an effective sink for trace elements.
Soil biochar amendment affects the diversity of nosZ transcripts: Implications for N2O formation
2017-06-07

Abstract Microbial nitrogen transformation processes such as denitrification represent major sources of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Soil biochar amendment has been shown to significantly decrease N 2 O emissions in various soils. However, the effect of biochar on the structure and function of microbial communities that actively perform nitrogen redox transformations has not been studied in detail yet. To analyse the community composition of actively denitrifying and N 2 O-reducing microbial communities, we collected RNA samples at different time points from a soil microcosm experiment conducted under denitrifying conditions and performed Illumina amplicon sequencing targeting nirK , typical nosZ and atypical nosZ mRNA transcripts. Within 10 days, biochar significantly increased the diversity of nirK and typical nosZ transcripts and resulted in taxonomic shifts among the typical nosZ -expressing microbial community. Furthermore, biochar addition led to a significant increase in transcript production among microbial species that are specialized on direct N 2 O reduction from the environment. Our results point towards a potential coupling of biochar-induced N 2 O emission reduction and an increase in microbial N 2 O reduction activity among specific groups of typical and atypical N 2 O reducers. However, experiments with other soils and biochars will be required to verify the transferability of these findings to other soil-biochar systems.