julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis in a liver graft recipient: A case report
2013-01-01

Recent literature suggests that proctocolectomy for colorectal cancer is considered feasible in liver graft recipients. Virtually all patients suffering from primary sclerosing cholangitis exhibit co-existing ulcerative colitis, rendering this subset of patient at risk for developing colonic malignancies. Furthermore chronic immunosuppression may facilitate malignant growth. The most feared complication in colorectal carcinomas is the occurence of peritoneal carcinomatosis, for which cytoreduction plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy may be a curative option. This, so far unique, case report suggests that even in this patient subset this treatment is feasible and for further cases this dual-approach for the management of PC in transplant recipients should be taken into account.
Measurements of the scintillation decay times of liquid scintillators based on linear alkylbenzene and pseudocumene and developed for neutrino experiments of the next generation
2013-01-01

The results of studies of the scintillation-light emission kinetics of liquid scintillators, which are based on linear alkylbenzene (LAB) and pseudocumene (PC) with various scintillating fluors under irradiation with γ quanta from a 137Cs radioactive source, are presented. The complex multicomponent character of scintillations that is characterized by the fluorescence time constants τ1 ∼ 2.2–7.0 ns, τ2 ∼ 4.4–14.7 ns, τ3 ∼ 13.8–68.8 ns, and τ4 > 2.2–120.0 ns is demonstrated.
Is There Any Additional Benefit of Contrast-Enhanced CT as Part of Routine PET/CT Protocols for the Differentiation of Suspicious Incidental Gastrointestinal 2-Deoxy-18F-FDG Uptake?
2013-01-01

PET/ceCT protocols provide additional benefit especially in detecting gastrointestinal malignancies as a cause of suspicious incidental gastrointestinal FDG uptake. However, since follow-up endoscopy cannot be forgone due to the considerable false negative rate even with ceCT, the addition of ceCT to a routine PET/ldCT protocol cannot be recommended for this purpose.
A Comparative Research Conversation: American Catholic and German Protestant Spirituality Studies
2013-01-01

This article looks onto the latest developments of the field of spirituality from an American-Catholic and an European-Protestant perspective. Both perspectives are commented upon to broaden the view. The conditions of the developments and the present level of research are described for both regions. Further themes are denoted. In this way the research is linked up and deepened.
Kahina: A Hybrid Trace-Based and Chart-Based Debugging System for Grammar Engineering
2013-01-01

This paper provides an overview of the debugging framework Kahina, discussing its architecture as well as its application to debugging in different constraint-based grammar engineering environments. The exposition focuses on and motivates the hybrid nature of the system between source-level debugging by means of a tracer and high-level analysis by means of graphical tools.
Runtime Verification Driven Debugging of Replayed Errors
2013-01-01

Bugs in embedded software often depend on inputs of the target environment which are often di cult to generate for testing. Our approach traces external inputs to the software during operation until a failure occurs. The execution trace is replayed in the laboratory. During replay automated verification techniques are applied in order to check whether the software violates the requirements of the specification. A detected violation can give the developer an indication pointing to the cause of the failure in the source code. The developer does not have to step with the debugger over the whole replayed execution in order to find the reason for the failure. Thus, the analysis process is accelerated.
Time, Modality, and the Unbearable Lightness of Being
2013-01-01

We develop a theory about the metaphysics of time and modality that combines the conceptual resources devised in recent sympathetic work on ontological pluralism (the thesis that there are fundamentally distinct kinds of being) with the thought that what is past, future, and merely possible is less real than what is present and actual (albeit real enough to serve as truthmakers for statements about the past, future, and merely possible). However, we also show that despite being a coherent, distinctive, and prima facie appealing position, the theory succumbs to what we call the ‘‘problem of mixed ontological status’’. We conclude that the proponents of the theory can only evade these problems by developing ontological pluralism in a radically different way than it has been by its recent sympathizers.
Construction, expression and binding specificity of bispecific CD3 &#215; VEGFR-2 and CD3 &#215; NCAM antibodies in the single chain and diabody format
2013-01-01

Bispecific antibodies are recombinant proteins with novel immunological properties and therapeutic potential. Recombinant protein quality and activity of several bispecific antibodies comprising different variable domain combinations with respect to the parental monospecific single chain fragments (scFv) were evaluated after expression in bacteria or mammalian cells. The parental scFv proteins humanized anti-NCAM scFv, murine anti-VEGFR-2 scFv, murine and humanized anti-CD3 scFv, respectively, could successfully be expressed in E. coli, whereas the murine anti-NCAM scFv version could not be reliably detected. Bispecific CD3 × VEGFR-2 and CD3 × NCAM anti-bodies were expressed in the bispecific single chain and the single chain diabody format. However, the diabody derived from the murine anti-NCAM scFv could not efficiently be expressed in E. coli or in mammalian cells. Significant binding of the CD3 × NCAM single chain diabody comprising the humanized version of anti-CD3 and humanized version of anti-NCAM was efficient to both antigens. Nevertheless, binding of the bispecific single chain version to the NCAM antigen was inefficient in comparison to CD3 binding. In conclusion, the data could indicate that the result of scFv expression in bacteria may be predictive for the chances of success for functional expression of more complex bispecific derivatives.
New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tools for Thyroid Cancer
2013-01-01

Thyroid cancer is the commonest endocrine malignancy but represents only 1% of all cancers. Although the prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer is good, the survival time of anaplastic and of medullary thyroid cancer is still very short. More precise diagnosis with better stratification of patients and identification of risk patients may improve the prognosis of thyroid cancer. Treatment of thyroid cancer is multidisciplinary and involves endocrinologists, nuclear medicine specialists, and surgeons. The spectrum of contributions to this special issue in International Journal of Endocrinology is well reflecting this situation. The contributions to this special issue, two reviews and three studies, report mainly on laboratory and imaging techniques to improve diagnosis in thyroid cancer. J. Hannallah et al. emphasize the multimodal approach in diagnosis and managing patients with poorly differentiated thyroid cancer in their review. The identification of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer has been complicated by the lack of clear criteria for diagnosis. A panel of histological, immunohistochemical, and genetic markers and clinical parameters is listed which are typical for this thyroid carcinoma entity. The value of current treatment possibilities is critically discussed. In the paper review by G. Treglia et al. the role of Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in aggressive subtypes of different thyroid cancer types (Hurthle cell, anaplastic, poorly differentiated, more aggressive histological subtypes of differentiated thyroid cancer, and metastases) is discussed. FDG-PET-positivity in radio-iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer appears to predict more aggressive tumor progression. Data on imaging of medullary thyroid carcinoma lesions using glucagon-like peptide 1 by [Lys40(Ahx-HYNIC-99mTc/EDDA)NH2]-exendin-4 are presented by D. Pach et al. Radioactively labeled GLP-1 analogues are successfully used in patients with insulinoma but the diagnostic value in medullary thyroid cancer is not clear. According to the first preliminary data, the analogues may possess a confirmatory role in lesions where inconsistent results are obtained with other imaging procedures. S. H. Hsieh et al. in their study identified male gender as prognostic parameter for higher recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer in stages II–IV. The study by B. C. Ahn et al., by contrast, deals with a very established clinical test, the measurement of serum thyroglobulin levels, for the identification of recurrent lesions in differentiated thyroid cancer. The importance of patients' antithyroglobulin levels in the calculation of thyroglobulin levels is addressed. The identification of potentially aggressive subtypes of thyroid cancer and the early detection of recurrent lesions play key roles in the managing of the patient. By compiling these papers, we hope to add some knowledge with respect to screening and postoperative care particularly of the more aggressive thyroid cancer types. Eleonore Frohlich Richard Wahl Barbara Czarnocka Leonidas Duntas
1609 – How First- And Second-generation Antipsychotics Differentially Improve Anterior Cingulate Cortex (acc) Function In Schizophrenic Patients - An Event-related Potential Study
2013-01-01

Introduction/objectives Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are a frequently and effectively used treatment in schizophrenia and psychotic disorders. Other than First-generation antipsychotics (FGAs), which mainly exert their pharmacologic effect in subcortical dopaminergic systems, SGAs additionally affect partly serotonergically innervated structures within prefrontal areas, such as the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC). However, only few controlled, randomized studies have so far investigated direct and indirect effects of SGAs on the ACC. Aims The present study investigated differential effects of one SGA (quetiapine) and one FGA (flupentixol) on the human action monitoring system. Methods ACC function in 18 quetiapine-medicated patients and 13 flupentixol-treated patients suffering from schizophrenia was assessed by means of the error-related negativity (ERN), a neurophysiological marker of ACC function, in a pre-post design. Results Between-group comparisons revealed different effects of quetiapine and flupentixol on ACC function despite similar improvement in psychopathology, cognitive performance and quality of life. Whereas SGA treatment was associated with an increase in amplitudes over time, there were prolonged ERN peak latencies in patients treated with the FGA. Moreover, treatment effects depended on baseline PFC function in both groups. Conclusions We conclude that both flupentixol and quetiapine improve prefrontal function especially in patients with weak initial ACC function which might be due to their shared affinity for 5HT-receptors in frontal brain regions. However, since this affinity is more pronounced for SGAs, patients treated with quetiapine seemed to profit more evidently concerning PFC function compared to patients of the flupentixol group, who exhibited a compensatory prolongation of processes.
Nitrate mass balance in agricultural areas of intensive fertilizer application: the North Maresme aquifer system case study (Spain)
2013-01-01

"Abstract Nitrate pollution is a worldwide problem in groundwater, as it may limit water supply and increase health risk when high concen - trations are present. The North Maresme coastal alluvial groundwater-dependent agrosystem, one of the most heavily nitrate polluted aquifers in Spain, is located 70 km northeast from Barcelona. Field monitoring campaigns performed in this aquifer yielded nitrate concentrations up to ten times the permitted limit for drinking water suggested by the World Health Organization (50 mg/l), with a maximum concentration of 567 mg/l and a mean of 137.5 mg/l. Nitrate contamination was quantified by means of a mass balance, taking into account the main hydrogeological and anthropogenic processes that control the behavior of this ion in the aquifer, such as recharge, groundwater extraction, irrigation and fertilizer application to crops. Nitrate balance is an integrative approach for assessing nitrate loading based on linking different sources of nitrates to a groundwater balance. This methodology considers nitrate as a conser - vative ion because the geological-geochemical medium behaves under oxidant conditions. Results show that the studied aquifer system receives, yields and retains approximately 935, 844 and 91 tons of NO 3 - /year, respectively. This methodology can be applied to other nitrate-contaminated aquifers with similar conditions to improve management of fertilizers practices in areas of intensive agriculture."
Observing GRBs with theLOFTWide Field Monitor
2013-01-01

LOFT (Large Observatory For X-ray Timing) is one of the four candidate missions currently under assessment study for the M3 mission in ESAs Cosmic Vision program to be launched in 2024. LOFT will carry two instruments with prime sensitivity in the 2-30 keV range: a 10 m2 class large area detector (LAD) with a &lt;1° collimated field of view and a wide field monitor (WFM) instrument. The WFM is based on the coded mask principle, and 5 camera units will provide coverage of more than 1/3 of the sky. The prime goal of the WFM is to detect transient sources to be observed by the LAD. With its wide field of view and good energy resolution of &lt;500 eV, the WFM will be an excellent instrument for detecting and studying GRBs and X-ray flashes. The WFM will be able to detect ~150 gamma ray bursts per year, and a burst alert system will enable the distribution of ~100 GRB positions per year with a ~1 arcmin location accuracy within 30 s of the burst.
Studying Ion Channels in Human Erythrocytes by Direct and Indirect Means
2013-01-01

Mature human or mouse erythrocytes functionally express an unexpected diversity of ion channels that endows these small enucleated cells with a toolkit for electrosignaling. Being largely dormant under resting conditions, these ion channels enable erythrocytes to quickly respond to internal or external stimuli. They are integral modules of complex programs such as oxygen-regulated ATP release or stress-induced programmed erythrocyte death. This article summarizes electrophysiologial and non-electrophysiological methods to analyze erythrocyte ion channels and provides protocols for channel activation.
1631 – Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rtms) As a New Supportive Tool In The Therapy Of Panic Disorder?
2013-01-01

Introduction With a life-time prevalence of about 3.5 percent, Panic disorder (PD) belongs to the most common anxiety disorders which can often chronify if not treated adequately. Characterized by the sudden onset of unexpected panic attacks it is associated with a significant loss of quality of life. As in other anxiety disorders, inadequate top-down regulation of subcortical structures by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is assumed to be a core feature. Objectives/aims Even though fMRI studies could show that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment method that can normalize prefrontal hypoactivity, the onset of its effect is delayed. Moreover, recent neuroscientific studies indicated a beneficial effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which has been shown to modulate neural activity by depolarization of cortical neurons. The goal of this study was, therefore, to investigate the application of a sham (placebo) controlled activating rTMS protocol during CBT. Methods Forty PD patients were assessed with the optical imaging method near-infrared-spectroscopy (NIRS) while performing emotional paradigms as well as a cognitive task before and after receiving 15 sessions of rTMS. Results Preliminary results show a significant increase in prefrontal activation from the beginning to the end of the treatment period. This effect was even larger in the active rTMS group. Conclusion It can hence be concluded that it is possible to depict the effects of CBT on a neural level after only three weeks. Furthermore, rTMS seems to serve as a useful tool in terms of supporting the general therapy outcome.
Decoding stimulation intensity from evoked ECoG activity using support vector regression.
2013-01-01

One of the unsolved problems of the application of cortical stimulation for therapeutic means is the selection of optimal stimulation parameters. Using support vector regression, we demonstrate that the intensity of single pulse electrical stimulation can be decoded from the waveform of the evoked electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity, even if in- tensities used for training and testing of the regression model are disjoint. This was most effective when stimulation was applied directly over the mo- tor cortex, less so for premotor and sensory cortex. Thus, if the optimal shape of the evoked neural response to stimulation is known, a regression model trained on the responses to a small set of stimulation intensities could be sufficient to determine the optimal stimulation intensity.
The Transfer of Medical Charlatanism to Eighteenth-Century Russia
2013-01-01

This article examines one case study of medical charlatanism from eighteenth-century Russia in its political, social, and ideological dimensions. Quackery is seen as a by-product of “westernization”—the counterpart to European-style medicine institutionalized from above. The legal notion of charlatanism remained irrelevant for the majority of the population, but it was pivotal for the professional identity of physicians. The struggle against charlatanism was a symbolic struggle that confirmed the precedence of official physicians concerning all questions of health and disease. Though the government never meant—and lacked the means—to repress other healers, a binary medical culture was evolving.
The JEM-EUSO mission: Context and status
2013-01-01

\\nJEM-EUSO, the Extreme Universe Space Observatory, on-board the Japanese Experiment Module of the ISS (International Space Station), is expected, within this decade, to explore the ultra-high energy (UHE) Universe with unprecedentedly large effective area and uniform exposure. In this paper, we summarize the scientific context of the mission and its scientific requirements. We then report: 1) on the status of the instrument, describing the most recent technical developments; and 2) on the mission aspects of the observatory. In addition, we will present the current programmatic status.\\n
The Presentation and Reception of Basil’s Homiliae in hexaemeron in Gregory’s In hexaemeron
2013-01-01

Abstract This article deals with the intellectual relationship between Basil of Caesarea and his younger brother Gregory of Nyssa as seen in their two treatments of the six days of creation. The analysis first examines how Gregory himself in his
An Assay to Monitor the Membrane Integration of Single-Span Proteins
2013-01-01

In vitro import experiments with isolated organelles are a powerful tool for investigation of the biogenesis of proteins. A key issue in such experiments is an assay to distinguish between correctly and incorrectly imported proteins. Here we describe an assay to monitor in vitro the proper membrane integration of single-span proteins. In this assay non-imported proteins are distinguished from correctly imported protein species by labelling of unprotected cysteine residues and a resulting migration shift in SDS-PAGE.
Back to the 'normal' level of human-capital driven growth? A note on early numeracy in Korea, China and Japan, 1550 - 1800
2013-01-01

This paper draws on a unique data set, hojok (household registers), to estimate numeracy levels in Korea, 1550-1630, and evidence on Japan and China from the early modern period until 1800. We found that a substantial share of East Asians rounded their ages to multiples of five. However, the extent of age-heaping was quite low by global standards, even considering the potential sources of upward bias inherent in the data. Therefore, the unusually high level of numeracy in East Asia in the early 21st century was already present in the early modern period. The findings imply that in the Korean case, for example, the foundations of the human-capital based catch-up growth were laid very early. More broadly, we argue that Korea, Japan, and China returned to the growth-path at different points of the 20th century, and this return was pre-determined by their early numeracy development.
Many Faces of Expertise: Fusiform Face Area in Chess Experts and Novices
2013-01-01

The fusiform face area (FFA) is involved in face perception to such an extent that some claim it is a brain module for faces exclusively.The other possibility is that FFA is modulated by experience in individuation in any visual domain, not only faces.Here we test this latter FFA expertise hypothesis using the game of chess as a domain of investigation.We exploited the characteristic of chess, which features multiple objects forming meaningful spatial relations.In three experiments, we show that FFA activity is related to stimulus properties and not to chess skill directly.In all chess and non-chess tasks, experts' FFA was more activated than that of novices' only when they dealt with naturalistic full-board chess positions.When common spatial relationships formed by chess objects in chess positions were randomly disturbed, FFA was again differentially active only in experts, regardless of the actual task.Our experiments show that FFA contributes to the holistic processing of domain-specific multipart stimuli in chess experts.This suggests that FFA may not only mediate human expertise in face recognition but, supporting the expertise hypothesis, may mediate the automatic holistic processing of any highly familiar multipart visual input.
The Structure of Europe: International Input-Output Analysis with Trade in Intermediate Inputs and Capital Flows
2013-01-01

In this paper we theoretically derive an international Rybczynski matrix. Its elements indicate the aggregate output change in a country when endowment with one or more factors in the same or another country is increased. This allows us to characterize the production structure in 11 countries of the European Union. Starting from a baseline case with free trade in final goods only, we analyze two types of interaction between countries: international trade of intermediate inputs and internationally mobile capital.
Employment, Partnership and Childbearing Decisions of German Women and Men: A Simultaneous Hazards Approach
2013-01-01

This paper investigates the interrelated dynamics of employment, cohabitation and fertility for German women and men. Using a simultaneous hazards approach due to Lillard (1993), I estimate a five-equation model with unobserved heterogeneity. One of the contributions of this paper is to include the current employment and nonemployment hazard rates and the union formation and union dissolution hazard rates as regressors. My results suggest that being employed or nonemployed only has small effects on other transitions, but that employed women with a high hazard of becoming nonemployed are less likely to have children, while nonemployed men having a low hazard of finding a job are more likely to have children. Children reduce the hazard of taking up a job for women and reduce the hazard of becoming nonemployed for women and men. Children also increase the stability of unions. Having a partner strongly increases the likelihood for having children. Interestingly, unions with a high risk of splitting up are more likely to have children. Economically, this can be interpreted as an attempt to invest in partner-specification capital in order to reduce the likelihood of splitting up.