julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Discovery and modelling of a flattening of the positive cyclotron line/luminosity relation in GX 304−1 withRXTE
2016-12-10

The Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observed four outbursts of the accreting Xray binary transient source, GX 304−1 in 2010 and 2011. We present results of detailed 3–100 keV spectral analysis of 69 separate observations, and report a positive correlation between cyclotron line parameters, as well as other spectral parameters, with power-law flux. The cyclotron line energy, width and depth versus flux, and thus luminosity, correlations show a flattening of the relationships with increasing luminosity, which are well described by quasi-spherical or disc accretion that yield the surface magnetic field to be ∼5 × 1012 Gauss. Since HEXTE (High Energy X-ray Timing Experiment) cluster A was fixed aligned with the Proportional Counter Array field of view and cluster B was fixed viewing a background region 1.°5 off of the source direction during these observations near the end of the RXTE mission, the cluster A background was estimated from cluster B events using HEXTEBACKEST. This made possible the detection of the ∼55 keV cyclotron line and an accurate measurement of the continuum. Correlations of all spectral parameters with the primary 2–10 keV power-law flux reveal it to be the primary driver of the spectral shape. The accretion is found to be in the collisionless shock braking regime.
Analysis of anti–topoisomerase I antibodies in patients with systemic sclerosis before and after autologous stem cell transplantation
2016-12-10

Although aSCTrans is a good treatment option in patients with progressive SSc, it does not abrogate Ab reactivity towards topo I. The presence of anti-topo489-573 Abs before aSCTrans may indicate a less favourable course after aSCTrans.
Effects of Low versus High Glycemic Index Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Postprandial Vasodilatation and Inactivity-Induced Impairment of Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Men
2016-12-10

Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may contribute to cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate whether functional sugars with low compared to high glycemic index (GI) have beneficial effects on arterial stiffness during a period of low-physical activity. In a controlled cross-over dietary intervention (55% CHO, 30% fat, 15% protein), 13 healthy men (age: 23.7 ± 2.2 years, body mass index: 23.6 ± 1.9 kg/m2) completed 2 × 1 week of low physical activity following 1 week of normal physical activity (2363 ± 900 vs. 11,375 ± 3124 steps/day). During inactive phases participants consumed either low-GI (isomaltulose) or high-GI SSB (maltodextrin-sucrose), providing 20% of energy requirements. Postprandial vasodilatation (augmentation index, AIx), insulin sensitivity (IS) and Glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses were measured during a meal test before and after SSB-intervention. Compared to maltodextrin-sucrose-SSB, postprandial vasodilatation was prolonged (AIx after 120 min: 9.9% ± 4.3% vs. 11.4% ± 3.7%, p &lt; 0.05) and GLP-1 secretion was higher with isomaltulose-SSB (total area under the GLP-1 curve (tAUCGLP)-1: 8.0 ± 4.4 vs. 5.4 ± 3.4 pM × 3 h; p &lt; 0.05). One week of low-physical activity led to impaired IS that was attenuated with low-GI SSB consumption, but did not affect arterial stiffness (p &gt; 0.05). Higher postprandial GLP-1 secretion after intake of low compared to high-GI beverages may contribute to improved postprandial vasodilatation. Although one week of low-physical activity led to marked impairment in IS, it had no effect on arterial stiffness in healthy men.
Nocturnal levels of chemerin and progranulin in adolescents: influence of sex, body mass index, glucose metabolism and sleep
2016-12-10

Abstract Background: Adipokines have been implicated in obesity, insulin resistance and sleep regulation. However, the role of chemerin and progranulin, two recently described adipokines, in the context of sleep remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare nocturnal serum chemerin and progranulin levels between overweight/obese and normal-weight adolescents and to assess variations by sex, across different sleep stages and in relation to glucose metabolism. Methods: The study sample included 34 overweight/obese and 32 normal-weight adolescents from secondary schools and the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE) Child study cohort. We obtained longitudinal serum adipokine levels during in-laboratory polysomnography followed by an oral glucose tolerance test. Results: Overweight/obese adolescents had significantly higher mean nocturnal serum chemerin area under the curve (AUC) levels (348.2±133.3 vs. 241.7±67.7 vs. ng/mL×h, p&lt;0.001) compared to normal-weight controls. In detail, higher chemerin AUC levels in obese/overweight subjects were exclusively due to increased levels in females. No overall difference for serum progranulin AUC was found between the groups. However, when assessing sex-specific levels, serum progranulin AUC levels were ~30% higher in overweight/obese males compared to overweight/obese females. Of note, nocturnal serum chemerin and progranulin AUC did not exhibit a correlation with markers of glucose metabolism or sleep stages. Conclusions: Collectively, we report a sexual dimorphism in nocturnal progranulin and chemerin levels, which may help explain underlying differences in energy balance and body composition between males and females in the context of obesity.
Sugar-Annulated Oxazoline Ligands: A Novel Pd(II) Complex and Its Application in Allylic Substitution
2016-12-10

Two novel carbohydrate-derived pyridyl (PYOX)- and cyclopropyl (CYBOX)-substituted oxazoline ligands were prepared from d-glucosamine hydrochloride and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranose hydrochloride in two steps, respectively. The sugar-annulated PYOX ligand formed a stable metal complex with Pd(II), which was fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. NMR and X-ray analysis revealed a change of the conformation in the sugar moiety upon complexation with the palladium(II) species. Both glycosylated ligands resulted in high asymmetric induction (up to 98% ee) upon application as chiral ligands in the Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation of rac-1,3-diphenylallyl acetate with dimethyl malonate (Tsuji-Trost reaction). Both ligands provided mainly the (R)-enantiomer of the alkylation product.
PROPAGATION OF RELATIVISTIC, HYDRODYNAMIC, INTERMITTENT JETS IN A ROTATING, COLLAPSING GRB PROGENITOR STAR
2016-12-10

ABSTRACT The prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is characterized by rapid variabilities, which may be a direct reflection of the unsteady central engine. We perform a series of axisymmetric 2.5-dimensional simulations to study the propagation of relativistic, hydrodynamic, intermittent jets through the envelope of a GRB progenitor star. A realistic rapidly rotating star is incorporated as the background of jet propagation, and the star is allowed to collapse due to the gravity of the central black hole. By modeling the intermittent jets with constant-luminosity pulses with equal on and off durations, we investigate how the half period, T , affects the jet dynamics. For relatively small T values (e.g., 0.2 s), the jet breakout time t bo depends on the opening angle of the jet, with narrower jets more penetrating and reaching the surface at shorter times. For T ≤ 1 s, the reverse shock (RS) crosses each pulse before the jet penetrates through the stellar envelope. As a result, after the breakout of the first group of pulses at t bo , several subsequent pulses vanish before penetrating the star, causing a quiescent gap. For larger half periods ( T = 2.0 and 4.0 s), all the pulses can successfully penetrate through the envelope, since each pulse can propagate through the star before the RS crosses the shell. Our results may interpret the existence of a weak precursor in some long GRBs, given that the GRB central engine injects intermittent pulses with a half period T ≤ 1 s. The observational data seem to be consistent with such a possibility.
Neuroadaptive technology enables implicit cursor control based on medial prefrontal cortex activity
2016-12-12

Significance The human brain continuously and automatically processes information concerning its internal and external context. We demonstrate the elicitation and subsequent detection and decoding of such “automatic interpretations” by means of context-sensitive probes in an ongoing human–computer interaction. Through a sequence of such probe–interpretation cycles, the computer accumulates responses over time to model the operator’s cognition, even without that person being aware of it. This brings human cognition directly into the human–computer interaction loop, expanding traditional notions of “interaction.” The concept introduces neuroadaptive technology—technology which automatically adapts to an estimate of its operator’s mindset. This technology bears relevance to autoadaptive experimental designs, and opens up paradigm-shifting possibilities for human–machine systems in general.
Assessment ofN-Oxide Formation during Wastewater Ozonation
2016-12-12

Worldwide, ozonation of secondary wastewater effluents is increasingly considered in order to decrease the load of organic contaminants before environmental discharge. However, despite the constantly growing knowledge of ozonation over the past few years, the characterization of transformation products (TPs) is still a major concern, particularly because such TPs might remain biologically active. It has been shown for selected tertiary amine pharmaceuticals that they react with ozone and form the corresponding N-oxides. This study therefore applies liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to assess the overall N-oxide formation during the pilot-scale ozonation of a secondary wastewater effluent from a major city in Germany. Sample analysis by LC-HRMS revealed the occurrence of 1,229 compounds, among which 853 were precursors attenuated by ozone and 165 were TPs. Further examination of precursors and TPs using Kendrick mass and Kendrick mass defect analysis revealed 34 pairs of precursors and products corresponding to a mono-oxygenation. Among these, 27 pairs (16% of all TPs) were consistent with N-oxides since the TP had a higher retention time than the precursor, a characteristic of these compounds. Using high resolution tandem mass spectrometry, 10 of these N-oxides could be identified and were shown to be stable during a subsequent filtration step.
Long-term Follow-up of Patients with Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis (TINU) Syndrome
2016-12-12

TINU syndrome was characterized by limited responsiveness to corticosteroid therapy and less by severe complications. A long-term course of immunosuppressants or biologics was necessary to control the uveitis and led to induction of remission.
Deuteron electromagnetic structure functions and polarization properties in soft-wall AdS/QCD
2016-12-12

We apply a soft-wall AdS/QCD approach to the description of deuteron structure functions and tensor polarized properties. Present work is a completion of our previous study on electromagnetic form factors. By the appropriate choice of two couplings in the effective action we are able to reproduce both the form factors and structure functions in full consistency with model-independent constraints set by perturbative QCD. Our framework is based on a five-dimensional action in AdS space formulated in terms of vector fields dual to the deuteron and the electromagnetic fields. The AdS fields depend on four Minkowski and one holographic coordinate . The scale dependence of the form factors and structure functions is consistent with quark counting rules implying the behavior of the charge form factor , structure functions and , and the behavior of the magnetic and quadrupole form factors.
Genetically Modified Crops
2016-12-12

Genetic engineering and modification of food crops has been emerged as one of the most relevant issue for debate due to concern over its direct impact on human health and environment. The striking development and advancement of biotechnological techniques lead to the generation and production of genetically modified plants with improved features such as increased resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. In spite of all the success made by plant geneticist, the genetic engineering of food crops is still in its infancy and there is a need to carefully notice the issues that can be directly detrimental to the environment and human health. Further, from a basic genetics perspective, genetically modified foods may possess unpredictable components and their unintended amount that can be far different than the desired alteration. Open questions and challenges for production and application of genetically modified crops will be discussed in the current chapter.
Reductive Elimination of Hydrogen from Bis(trimethylsilyl)methyltin Trihydride and Mesityltin Trihydride
2016-12-13

Abstract Alkyltin trihydride [(Me 3 Si) 2 CHSnH 3 ] was synthesized and the reductive elimination of hydrogen from this species was investigated. A methyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene reacts with the organotrihydride in dependence on stoichiometry and solvent to give a series of products of the reductive elimination and dehydrogenative tin–tin bond formation. Besides characterization of the carbene adduct of the alkyltin(II) hydride, a Sn 4 chain was also isolated, encompassing two stannyl–stannylene sites, which are stabilized each as NHC‐adducts. Complete dehydrogenation resulted to give either a carbene‐stabilized distannyne or a metalloid Sn 9 ‐cluster salt. Reductive elimination of hydrogen was also achieved with an excess of diethylmethylamine to give the alkyltin(II) hydride as a Lewis base free tetramer [(RSnH) 4 ]. The method of cluster formation at low temperatures by hydrogen elimination was also transferred to the mesityl‐substituted tin trihydride MesSnH 3 . In this case [(MesSn) 10 ], showing a [5]prismane structure, was isolated in good yield and characterized. NMR spectroscopic features of the propellane‐type cluster [Trip 6 Sn 6 ] are reported.
Gamma-ray blazar spectra with H.E.S.S. II mono analysis: The case of PKS 2155−304 and PG 1553+113
2016-12-13

Context. The addition of a 28 m Cherenkov telescope (CT5) to the H.E.S.S. array extended the experiment’s sensitivityto lower energies. The lowest energy threshold is obtained using monoscopic analysis of data taken with CT5, providing access to gamma-ray energies below 100 GeV for small zenith angle observations. Such an extension of the instrument’s energy range is particularly beneficial for studies of active galactic nuclei with soft spectra, as expected for those at a redshift ≥0.5. The high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects PKS 2155−304 ( z = 0.116) and PG 1553+113 (0.43 &lt; z &lt; 0.58) are among the brightest objects in the gamma-ray sky, both showing clear signatures of gamma-ray absorption at E &gt; 100 GeV interpreted as being due to interactions with the extragalactic background light (EBL). Aims. The aims of this work are twofold: to demonstrate the monoscopic analysis of CT5 data with a low energy threshold, and to obtain accurate measurements of the spectral energy distributions (SED) of PKS 2155−304 and PG 1553+113 near their SED peaks at energies ≈100 GeV. Methods. Multiple observational campaigns of PKS 2155−304 and PG 1553+113 were conducted during 2013 and 2014 using the full H.E.S.S. II instrument (CT1–5). A monoscopic analysis of the data taken with the new CT5 telescope was developed along with an investigation into the systematic uncertainties on the spectral parameters which are derived from this analysis. Results. Using the data from CT5, the energy spectra of PKS 2155−304 and PG 1553+113 were reconstructed down to conservative threshold energies of 80 GeV for PKS 2155−304 , which transits near zenith, and 110 GeV for the more northern PG 1553+113 . The measured spectra, well fitted in both cases by a log-parabola spectral model (with a 5.0 σ statistical preference for non-zero curvature for PKS 2155−304 and 4.5 σ for PG 1553+113 ), were found consistent with spectra derived from contemporaneous Fermi -LAT data, indicating a sharp break in the observed spectra of both sources at E ≈ 100 GeV. When corrected for EBL absorption, the intrinsic H.E.S.S. II mono and Fermi -LAT spectrum of PKS 2155−304 was found to show significant curvature. For PG 1553+113 , however, no significant detection of curvature in the intrinsic spectrum could be found within statistical and systematic uncertainties.
Pressure On Printed Press
2016-12-13

Digital media have influenced everyday life to a large extent. They have particular influence on jobs in the communication realm such as journalism. Clubs and federations communicate directly with their reference groups without being reliant on intermediate traditional media. Consequently, they have acquired communicative superiority in the highly competitive field of professional sports information. This research addresses how collaboration and relationships between sports and media work through expert interviews with the head spokespersons of 18 German Bundesliga clubs and an online survey among print sports journalists who report on these clubs (adjusted sample N = 174). An integrative analysis contrasts results from spokespersons and journalists. Both sides see journalists as more dependent on the spokespersons than vice versa. None of the spokespersons interprets their role as a service provider for the media but journalists do. Additionally, 87 percent of the journalists expect clubs to increase pressure on their reporting in the future. Assessing honesty, more than 90 percent state that spokespersons withhold certain information or do not tell the truth constantly. Also, 73 percent criticize authorization of interviews as modern censorship. The digital revolution, however, has changed journalistic roles and initiated a journalistic advancement as illustrated by new sports channels, programs, and formats.
Protracted Regional Dissemination of GIM-1-Producing Serratia marcescens in Western Germany
2016-12-13

ABSTRACT The metallo-beta-lactamase GIM-1 has been found in various bacterial host species nearly exclusively in western Germany. However, not much is known about the epidemiology of GIM-1-positive Serratia marcescens . Here we report on a surprisingly protracted regional dissemination. In-hospital transmission was investigated by using conventional epidemiological tools to identify spatiotemporal links. Strain typing was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Bayesian phylogeny was used to infer the time axis of the observed occurrence. Thirteen S. marcescens strains from 10 patients from 6 different German hospitals were investigated. Suspected in-hospital transmissions were confirmed by molecular typing at a higher resolution by WGS than by PFGE. A detailed sequence analysis demonstrated the spread of one predominant strain variant but also provided evidence for transfer of the bla GIM-1 gene cassette between different strains. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed that the most recent common ancestor of the identified clonal cluster could be dated back to April 1993 (95% highest posterior density interval, January 1973 to March 2003) and that this strain might have already harbored the bla GIM-1 at that time and, therewith, years before the first detection of this resistance gene in clinical specimens. This study shows a long-standing clonal and plasmid-mediated expansion of GIM-1-producing S. marcescens that might have gone unnoticed in the absence of a standardized and effective molecular screening for carbapenemases. The systematic and early detection of resistance is thus highly advisable, especially for the prevention of potentially long-term dissemination that may progress beyond control.
The contribution of genome mining strategies to the understanding of active principles of PGPR strains
2016-12-14

Pathogenic microorganisms and insects affecting plant health are a major and chronic threat to food production and the ecosystem worldwide. As agricultural production has intensified over the years, the use of agrochemicals has in turn increased. However, this extensive usage has had several detrimental effects, with a pervasive environmental impact and the emergence of pathogen resistance. In addition, there is an increasing tendency among consumers to give preference to pesticide-free food products. Biological control, through the employment of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), is therefore considered a possible route to the reduction, even the elimination, of the use of agrochemicals. PGPR exert their beneficial influence by a multitude of mechanisms, often involving antibiotics and proteins, to defend the host plant against pathogens. To date, these key metabolites have been uncovered only by systematic investigation or by serendipity; their discovery has nevertheless been propelled by the genomic revolution of recent years, as increasing numbers of genomic studies have been integrated into this field, facilitating a holistic view of this topic and the rapid identification of ecologically important metabolites. This review surveys the highlights and advances of genome-driven compound and protein discovery in the field of bacterial PGPR strains, and aims to advocate for the benefits of this strategy.
Luminosity dependence of the cyclotron line and evidence for the accretion regime transition in V 0332+53
2016-12-14

We report on the analysis of NuSTAR observations of the Be-transient X-ray\\npulsar V 0332+53 during the giant outburst in 2015 and another minor outburst\\nin 2016. We confirm the cyclotron-line energy-luminosity correlation previously\\nreported in the source and the line energy decrease during the giant outburst.\\nBased on 2016 observations, we find that a year later the line energy has\\nincreased again essentially reaching the pre-outburst values. We discuss this\\nbehaviour and conclude that it is likely caused by a change of the emission\\nregion geometry rather than previously suggested accretion-induced decay of the\\nneutron stars magnetic field. At lower luminosities, we find for the first time\\na hint of departure from the anticorrelation of line energy with flux, which we\\ninterpret as a transition from super- to sub-critical accretion associated with\\nthe disappearance of the accretion column. Finally, we confirm and briefly\\ndiscuss the orbital modulation observed in the outburst light curve of the\\nsource.\\n