julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Sleep habits, circadian preferences and substance use in a Mexican population: the use of the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi)
2019-11-14

This study aimed to validate the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi) in Mexico, analyzing the factor structure and sleep habits, combined with the proposal of cutoff values for the scales, and to assess the relationship with substance use. We applied the questionnaires through an online survey to a total sample of 510 Mexicans, aged 18-77 years (M = 27.79, SD = 10.24). The MESSi showed an acceptable fit and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients were good to satisfactory in the Mexican sample in every subscale: Morning Affect (MA, α = 0.90), Eveningness (EV, α = 0.88), Distinctness (DI, α = 0.80). In order to obtain a better interpretation of the MESSi subscales, we decided to propose cutoff points corresponding to the 25th-75th percentile. The categories were depicted as strong trait presence, intermediate trait presence and weak trait presence. When applying the cutoff points for the MESSi sub-scales, with Morning Affect (MA), strong-types went to bed and woke up earlier and had more sleep than weak-types during weekdays and weekends and reported less social jetlag. For Eveningness (EV), strong-types went to bed and woke up later than weak-types on weekdays and weekends. Also, strong-types had a shorter time in bed during weekdays but not on weekends and reported more social jetlag. Lastly, with Distinctness (DI), the results reported that those with a strong-type showed greater amplitude on weekdays and weekends. Furthermore, the MESSi scale found that evening people consumed more alcohol and tobacco. Our study supported the validity and reliability of the MESSi in a Mexican population and the relationship between eveningness and substance consumption. Furthermore, the proposed cutoff scores for the MESSi sub-scales add a novel approach for the measurement and interpretation of the scale.
Miniaturized fractal optical nanoantennas defined by focused helium ion beam milling
2019-11-14

It has been shown in the past that fractal geometries are beneficial for radio and communication antenna designs in terms of bandwidth and gain. Recently, this concept was extended to plasmonic nanoantennas. Here, we present a fabrication method based on electron beam lithography and focused helium ion beam milling to further miniaturize dimer nanoantennas of 0th, 1st and 2nd order Sierpiński fractals. With this state-of-the-art approach, it becomes feasible to experimentally move their resonance conditions into the sub-micron wavelength regime, while maintaining excellent pattern definition and achieving sub-10 nm gap sizes for high near-field enhancement. These highly sophisticated nanostructures are numerically simulated and analyzed by dark-field scattering spectroscopy to monitor the effects of the fractal structuring on the scattering spectra and near-field enhancement.
Coercion by modification — The adaptive capacities of event-sensitive adnominal modifiers
2019-11-14

This paper is about coercive meaning adaptions as triggered by modifiers. It pursues two objectives. First, we argue that coercion by modification is rooted in the linguistic system. More specifically, given a pending type-conflict between a modifier and its target, fine-grained lexical typing information is shown to both license and constrain adaptive options. Notably, such a dynamic lexical semantics integrates conceptual knowledge resources into rigid compositional mechanisms without giving up their principled distinction. Second, we reconcile coercion by modification with the standard conception of modification as a type-preserving operation. However, we also argue that the coercion facts cannot be handled within rule-based approaches to modification. The merits of the proposed dynamic approach to lexical semantics are exemplified by a detailed investigation of the subtly differing coercive potentials of event-sensitive adjectives such as schnell ‘quick’, flink ‘nimble’, and rasch ‘rapid’ in German. It is spelled out in terms of Asher’s (2011) Type Composition Logic. EARLY ACCESS
Diminishable parameterized problems and strict polynomial kernelization
2019-11-14

Kernelization – a mathematical key concept for provably effective polynomial-time preprocessing of NP-hard problems – plays a central role in parameterized complexity and has triggered an extensive line of research. This is in part due to a lower bounds framework that allows to exclude polynomial-size kernels under the assumption of [Formula: see text]. In this paper we consider a restricted yet natural variant of kernelization, namely strict kernelization, where one is not allowed to increase the parameter of the reduced instance (the kernel) by more than an additive constant. Building on earlier work of Chen, Flum, and Müller [CiE 2009, Theory Comput. Syst. 2011], we underline the applicability of their framework by showing that a variety of fixed-parameter tractable problems, including graph problems and Turing machine computation problems, does not admit strict polynomial kernels under the assumption of [Formula: see text], an assumption being weaker than the assumption of [Formula: see text]. Finally, we study an adaption of the framework to a relaxation of the notion of strict kernels, where in the latter one is not allowed to increase the parameter of the reduced instance by more than a constant times the input parameter.
Meaning maps and saliency models based on deep convolutional neural networks are insensitive to image meaning when predicting human fixations
2019-11-14

Abstract Eye movements are vital for human vision, and it is therefore important to understand how observers decide where to look. Meaning maps (MMs), a technique to capture the distribution of semantic importance across an image, have recently been proposed to support the hypothesis that meaning rather than image features guide human gaze. MMs have the potential to be an important tool far beyond eye-movements research. Here, we examine central assumptions underlying MMs. First, we compared the performance of MMs in predicting fixations to saliency models, showing that DeepGaze II – a deep neural network trained to predict fixations based on high-level features rather than meaning – outperforms MMs. Second, we show that whereas human observers respond to changes in meaning induced by manipulating object-context relationships, MMs and DeepGaze II do not. Together, these findings challenge central assumptions underlying the use of MMs to measure the distribution of meaning in images.
Revealing Grain Boundaries and Defect Formation in Nanocrystal Superlattices by Nanodiffraction
2019-11-14

Abstract X‐ray nanodiffraction is applied to study the formation and correlation of domain boundaries in mesocrystalline superlattices of PbS nanocrystals with face‐centered cubic structure. Each domain of the superlattice can be described with one of two mesocrystalline polymorphs with different orientational orders. Close to a grain boundary, the lattice constant decreases and the superlattice undergoes an out‐of‐plane rotation, while the orientation of the nanocrystals with respect to the superlattice remains unchanged. These findings are explained with the release of stress on the expense of specific nanocrystal–substrate interactions. The fact that correlations between adjacent nanocrystals are found to survive the structural changes at most grain boundaries implies that the key to nanocrystal superlattices with macroscopic domain sizes are strengthened interactions with the substrate.
Mythos: rhetorisch wirksam gemachte Geschichte
2019-11-14

Abstract In this article, it is argued that history and narration in the ancient rhetoric were (mostly) used as an argument for reaching their own objectives. This attitude towards history is essentially mythical and pragmatic, disregarding the special context of a particular event. At the beginning of the 19th century, there was a time when a critical spirit evolved amongst positivist historians and suppressed the pragmatic view of history. This evoked a response not only from intellectuals such as Nietzsche and Croce, but also from fascists – especially Mussolini – putting the emphasis again on and taking up the old tradition of the rhetorical use of history.
A new synthetic toll-like receptor 1/2 ligand is an efficient adjuvant for peptide vaccination in a human volunteer
2019-11-15

Thus, in one volunteer we show a granuloma forming by peptides combined with an efficient adjuvant in a water-in-oil-emulsion, inducing antigen specific T cells detectable in circulation and at the vaccination site, after one single vaccination only. The ex vivo T cell responses in peripheral blood were detectable for more than one year and could be strongly boosted by a second vaccination. Hence, XS15 is a promising adjuvant candidate for peptide vaccination, in particular for tumor peptide vaccines in a personalized setting.
Implementing a logbook on entrustable professional activities in the final year of undergraduate medical education in Germany – a multicentric pilot study
2019-11-15

Objectives: The final year of undergraduate medical education (practical year) should foster the transition from undergraduate medical education to graduate medical education. Medical students in the practical year should be able to assume professional tasks, and supervisors should assign these tasks to them. In this pilot study, a curriculum based on the concept of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) was implemented and evaluated in the disciplines of internal medicine, surgery and general practice at four university hospitals. Methods:n=37 medical students and n=17 supervising physicians at four German university hospitals participated in the implementation study for one trimester. For evaluation purposes, we conducted focus group discussions and telephone interviews and analyzed them following qualitative content analysis. Results: We identified five different aspects as important for implementing the EPA curriculum in undergraduate medical education in the German context: Implementation process of the EPA curriculum and required resources, Entrustment process, Feedback sessions with supervisors, Students’ and supervisors’ role perception Overall impact of EPAs on training conditions in the practical year. Conclusion: The study presents a practical implementation of the EPA curriculum in Germany’s undergraduate medical education. Besides the need for time and resources, the concept shows good feasibility and fosters a competence-oriented undergraduate medical education in the practical year.
Upgrading the Baryonic Matter at the Nuclotron Experiment at NICA for Studies of Dense Nuclear Matter
2019-11-15

The Nuclotron at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna can deliver gold beams with kinetic energies between 2 and 4.5 A GeV. In heavy-ion collisions at these energies, it is expected that the nuclear fireball will be compressed by up to approximately four times the saturation density. This offers the opportunity to study the high-density equation-of-state (EOS) of nuclear matter in the laboratory, which is needed for our understanding of the structure of neutron stars and the dynamics of neutron star mergers. The Baryonic Matter at the Nuclotron (BM@N) experiment will be upgraded to perform multi-differential measurements of hadrons including (multi-) strange hyperons, which are promising probes of the high-density EOS, and of new phases of quantum chromodynamic (QCD) matter. The layout of the upgraded BM@N experiment and the results of feasibility studies are presented.
Transition form factors and helicity amplitudes for electroexcitation of negative and positive parity nucleon resonances in a light-front quark model
2019-11-15

A workable basis of quark configurations , and at light front has been constructed to describe the high- behavior of transition form factors and helicity amplitudes in the electroproduction of the lightest nucleon resonances, and . High-quality data of the CLAS Collaboration are described in the framework of a model which takes into account mixing of the quark configurations and the hadron-molecular states. The model allows for a rough estimate of the quark core weight in the wave function of the resonance in a comparison with high momentum transfer data on resonance electroproduction.
Three different ways of training ultrasound student-tutors yield significant gains in tutee’s scanning-skills
2019-11-15

Aim: Many medical universities rely these days on trained student tutors to enable faculty-wide undergraduate ultrasound training. However, there is neither consensus on an optimal method nor any developed and agreed standard in the training of these student tutors. Usually internships and courses are employed which have both a specific set of advantages and disadvantages. We conducted a prospective quasi-randomized study of assess the effects of three types of tutor training on the resulting improvement in scanning skills of their tutees. Methods: Three batches of student tutors were trained by a course only (C-group), by an internship only (I-group) or by a course and an internship (CI-group). The respective gains in ultrasound scanning skills of the tutees were measured prospectively. A total 75 of the 124 5th year medical students (60.5%) who attended the mandatory ultrasound course completed both pre- and post-exams on a voluntary basis. Within a limit of eight minutes and three images, they were asked to depict and label a maximum of 14 anatomical structures. Two blinded raters independently awarded two points for each label with an identifiable structure and one point for each label with a possibly identifiable structure. Results: In all three groups, the tutees improved significantly by more than doubling their pre-score results and comparably (Gains: C-group 9.19±5.73 points, p
Different again
2019-11-15

One of the open questions in the literature on again-type elements (such as English again and German wieder ‘again’) is how to derive their different readings. Specifically, we can differentiate between a repetitive reading (e.g., some activity happens that has happened before) and a restitutive reading (e.g., some activity that has not happened before restores an earlier state). One controversial question is whether these two readings involve lexical ambiguity of ‘again’ (the lexical ambiguity analysis) or whether they can be derived from one lexical entry of ‘again’ by assuming different structural configurations (the scope analysis). We investigate Kutchi Gujarati pacho ‘again’ and show that this again-type element has, in fact, three readings, which are best accounted for by combining both the lexical ambiguity analysis and the scope analysis within the same language. Moreover, Kutchi Gujarati is a language in which word order closely reflects information structure. This allows us to investigate the information-structural effects that are associated with different readings of pacho ‘again’, such as the “all-given” status of utterances with repetitive pacho, and the corresponding surface word orders.
Plenasium(Aurealcaulis)eleganssp. nov. from the Eocene of Vietnam – a connecting link in the evolution of modern Royal Ferns (Osmundeae, Osmundaceae)
2019-11-15

Osmundales is the most ancient of all extant groups of leptosporangiate ferns, with an extensive fossil record from Permian to Cenozoic deposits worldwide. The group was particularly diverse during the late Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic, whereas nearly all records of fossil Osmundales from the mid-Cretaceous onwards can be assigned to the sole surviving subfamily Osmundoideae. The single exception has long remained the enigmatic Aurealcaulis – a genus of large, presumably arborescent Osmundaceae stems from the Cretaceous and Palaeogene of North America. Due to similarities especially in the unusual mode of leaf-trace formation, Aurealcaulis has recently been suggested to represent a close relative of modern Plenasium, but definite evidence for this hypothesis has thus far been lacking. Here, we describe Plenasium (Aurealcaulis) elegans sp. nov. based on a calcified trunk from the Na Duong Formation (upper middle to upper Eocene) of northern Vietnam, forming the first record of Aurealcaulis outside North America. The new species differs from all previously described members of Aurealcaulis in its uniquely thick xylem siphon and in the characteristic distribution of sclerenchyma in the stipular wings, with a single thick mass surrounded by numerous smaller strands. In its combination of anatomical features, Plenasium elegans appears intermediate between the remaining species of Aurealcaulis and fossil and extant members of Plenasium sensu stricto. Together with its comparatively young geological age and unusual geographical occurrence within the biogeographical range of extant Plenasium species, Plenasium elegans forms a threefold connecting link in the phylogeny of modern Royal Ferns.
Focus particles and negative scope: Both evidence for syntactic integration?
2019-11-15

This article reports empirical work on the tests or judgement criteria which are used to determine the integration status of dependent clauses. Specifically it looks at focus particles and negative scope as indicators of such status in adverbial clauses. Some uses of these tests have produced conflicting results, which might suggest that they are not reliable criteria. Our empirical study suggest that both may be useful independently, but some factors may interfere with each other, producing falsified findings. Additionally, we observe that the test only works with certain sorts of focus particles, not with all, which could also potentially cause misleading findings.
Nanomechanical mapping reveals localized stiffening of the basilar membrane after cochlear implantation
2019-11-16

Cochlear implantation leads to many structural changes within the cochlea which can impair residual hearing. In patients with preserved low-frequency hearing, a delayed hearing loss can occur weeks-to-years post-implantation. We explore whether stiffening of the basilar membrane (BM) may be a contributory factor in an animal model. Our objective is to map changes in morphology and Young's modulus of basal and apical areas of the BM after cochlear implantation, using quantitative nanomechanical atomic force microscopy (QNM-AFM) after cochlear implant surgery. Cochlear implantation was undertaken in the guinea pig, and the BM was harvested at four time-points: 1 day, 14 days, 28 days and 84 days post-implantation for QNM-AFM analysis. Auditory brainstem response thresholds were determined prior to implantation and termination. BM tissue showed altered morphology and a progressive increase in Young's modulus, mainly in the apex, over time after implantation. BM tissue from the cochlear base demonstrated areas of extreme stiffness which are likely due to micro-calcification on the BM. In conclusion, stiffening of the BM after cochlear implantation occurs over time, even at sites far apical to a cochlear implant.
Self‐efficacy for coping with cancer in glioma patients measured by the Cancer Behavior Inventory Brief Version
2019-11-16

The authors report no conflict of interest. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Table S1: Patients population of studies included in the Metaanalysis of Chirico et al., 2017 and further studies applying the CBI-B published thereafter, brain tumor populations or unclear are marked in red Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Discovery of cryptotephra at Middle–Upper Paleolithic sites Arma Veirana and Riparo Bombrini, Italy: a new link for broader geographic correlations
2019-11-17

ABSTRACT Chemical characterization of cryptotephra is critical for temporally linking archaeological sites. Here, we describe cryptotephra investigations of two Middle–Upper Paleolithic sites from north‐west Italy, Arma Veirana and Riparo Bombrini. Cryptotephra are present as small (&lt;100 μm) rhyolitic glass shards at both sites, with geochemical signatures rare for volcanoes in the Mediterranean region. Two chemically distinct shard populations are present at Arma Veirana (P1 and P2). P1 is a high silica rhyolite (&gt;75 wt.%) with low FeO (&lt;1 wt.%) and a K 2 O/Na 2 O &gt; 1 and P2 is also a high silica rhyolite (&gt;75 wt.%) but with higher FeO (2.33–2.65 wt.%). Shards at Riparo Bombrini (P3) are of the same composition as P1 shards at Arma Veirana, providing a distinct link between deposits at both sites. Geochemical characteristics suggest three possible sources for P1 and P3: eruptions from Lipari Island (56–37.7 ka) in Italy, the Acigöl volcanic field (200–20 ka) in Turkey and the Miocene Kirka‐Phrigian caldera (18 Ma) in Turkey. Eruptions from Lipari Island are the most likely source for P1,3 cryptotephra. This study highlights how cryptotephra can benefit archaeology, by providing a direct link between Arma Veirana and Riparo Bombrini as well as other deposits throughout the Mediterranean.
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy Improves Osseous Consolidation after High Tibial Osteotomy in Elderly Patients—A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial
2019-11-17

Extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF-PEMF) therapy is proposed to support bone healing after injuries and surgical procedures, being of special interest for elderly patients. This study aimed at investigating the effect of a specific ELF-PEMF, recently identified to support osteoblast function in vitro, on bone healing after high tibial osteotomy (HTO). Patients who underwent HTO were randomized to ELF-PEMF or placebo treatment, both applied by optically identical external devices 7 min per day for 30 days following surgery. Osseous consolidation was evaluated by post-surgical X-rays (7 and 14 weeks). Serum markers were quantified by ELISA. Data were compared by a two-sided t-test (α = 0.05). Device readouts showed excellent therapy compliance. Baseline parameters, including age, sex, body mass index, wedge height and blood cell count, were comparable between both groups. X-rays revealed faster osseous consolidation for ELF-PEMF compared to placebo treatment, which was significant in patients ≥50 years (∆mean = 0.68%/week; p = 0.003). Findings are supported by post-surgically increased bone-specific alkaline phosphatase serum levels following ELF-PEMF, compared to placebo (∆mean = 2.2 μg/L; p = 0.029) treatment. Adverse device effects were not reported. ELF-PEMF treatment showed a tendency to accelerate osseous consolidation after HTO. This effect was stronger and more significant for patients ≥50 years. This ELF-PEMF treatment might represent a promising adjunct to conventional therapy supporting osseous consolidation in elderly patients. Level of Evidence: I.