julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Ezrin-Dependent Promotion of Glioma Cell Clonogenicity, Motility, and Invasion Mediated by BCL-2 and Transforming Growth Factor-β2
2001-05-15

Ezrin belongs to the ezrin–radixin–moesin family proteins, which cross-link actin cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. Malignant glioma cells are paradigmatic for their strong migratory and invasive properties. Here, we report that the expression of dominant-negative ezrins inhibits clonogenicity, migration, and invasiveness of human malignant glioma cells. Furthermore, dominant-negative ezrins block hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated stimulation of clonogenicity and migration, without altering HGF-induced protein kinase B/Akt and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. Glioma cells expressing dominant-negative ezrins exhibit a shift of the BCL-2/BAX rheostat toward apoptosis, reduced α V β 3 integrin expression and reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity. These changes are associated with a dramatic loss of transforming growth factor β 2 (TGF-β 2 ) release. Exogenous supplementation of TGF-β 2 overcomes the inhibitory effects of dominant-negative ezrins on migration and clonogenicity. A neutralizing TGF-β 2 antibody mimics the effects of dominant-negative ezrins on clonogenicity and migration. Exogenous HGF markedly induces TGF-β 2 protein levels, and a neutralizing TGF-β 2 antibody abolishes the HGF-mediated increase in glioma cell motility. Finally, TGF-β 2 does not modulate BCL-2 or BAX expression, but BCL-2 gene transfer increases the levels of latent and active TGF-β 2 . Intracranial xenografts of U87MG glioma cells transfected with the dominant-negative ezrins in athymic mice grow to significantly smaller volumes, and the median survival of these mice is 50 d compared with 28 d in the control group. These data define a novel pathway for HGF-induced glioma cell migration and invasion, which requires ezrin, changes in the BCL-2/BAX rheostat, and the induction of TGF-β 2 expression in vitro, and underscore the important role of HGF signaling in vivo .
Analysis of the Activity-Deprived Zebrafish MutantmachoReveals an Essential Requirement of Neuronal Activity for the Development of a Fine-Grained Visuotopic Map
2001-05-15

The formation of a retinotopic map is thought to involve an activity-independent molecular phase for early steps of both axon pathfinding and projection and a later phase in which cross talk between retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and tectal neurons modifies and refines the neuronal connections. We report that the maturation of the retinotopic map in the zebrafish tectum involves activity-dependent processes. Zebrafish larvae mutant for the gene macho ( mao ) lack neuronal activity in RGCs and also display an enlarged retinotectal projection field but no significant increase in single axon length. This morphological defect can be phenocopied by raising larvae under TTX-induced neural impulse blockade. The effect of activity deprivation is dependent on the developmental stage. The projection phenotype in mao as well as in the TTX-treated larvae develops between 4 and 6 d post-fertilization (dpf), after complete tectal coverage is first achieved. Electrophysiological recordings of RGCs in wild-type and mao zebrafish larvae reveal a temporally regulated reduction of sodium current in the mutant between 5 and 6 dpf. This coincides with the time of the axonal projection shifting on the tectum to compensate for the disparate growth patterns of the retina and the tectum. Our genetic and physiological analyses suggest a model in which neuronal activity in RGCs is needed for the establishment of morphological plasticity.
A MAGE-A1 HLA-A A*0201 epitope identified by mass spectrometry.
2001-05-15

Peptides presented by HLA-A*0201 molecules on the surface of the human breast carcinoma cell line KS24.22 after IFN-gamma induction were analyzed by the "Predict-Calibrate-Detect" approach, which combines epitope prediction and high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. One of the predicted epitopes, MAGE-A1(278-286) (KVLEYVIKV), was found to be presented by HLA-A*0201, with an estimated copy number of 18 molecules/cell. HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice (HHD mice) were used to generate CTL lines that stained positive with an HLA-A*0201 tetramer folded around the KVLEYVIKV peptide and killed peptide-loaded mouse target cells expressing HLA-A*0201. IFN-gamma-treated or -nontreated HLA-A*0201 expressing HeLa cells transiently transfected with a plasmid expressing the MAGE-A1 gene stimulated in vitro cytokine production by the CTL lines. Moreover, IFN-gamma-treated KS24.22 cells, but not IFN-gamma-treated HLA-A*0201(+) MAGE-A1(-) cells or IFN-gamma-treated HLA-A*0201(-) MAGE-A1(+) cells, were killed by these CTLS: Thus, the combination of HLA epitope prediction, peptide analysis, and immunological methods is a powerful approach for the identification of tumor-associated epitopes.
A Triangle−Square Equilibrium of Metallosupramolecular Assemblies Based on Pd(II) and Pt(II) Corners and Diazadibenzoperylene Bridging Ligands
2001-05-18

Tetraaryloxy-substituted diazadibenzoperylene bridging ligands 1a,b were employed in transition metal-directed self-assembly with Pd(II) and Pt(II) phosphane triflates 2a,b which resulted in complex dynamic equilibria between molecular triangles 3a-d and molecular squares 4a-d in solution. Characterization of the equilibria and assignment of the metallacycles was accomplished by (1)H and (31)P[(1)H] NMR spectroscopy in combination with electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS). It was found that the equilibria depend on several factors, such as the metal ion (Pd(2+) or Pt(2+)), the solvent, and the steric demand of the phenoxy substituents of the diazadibenzoperylene ligands 1a,b. Introduction of bulky tert-butyl groups in 1b shifts the equilibrium significantly in the direction of the molecular squares. Molecular dynamics simulations of the triangle and square structures revealed critical steric effects and restricted conformational flexibilities of the phosphane and diazadibenzoperylene ligands that help explain the distinct dynamic behavior observed in variable-temperature NMR studies. Concentration-dependent UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the limited stability of the assemblies and confirmed the reversible nature of the dynamic equilibria.
Diagnosing Cancer in Vivo
2001-05-18

The modern era of medicine has seen the development of new instruments and analyses for examining the human body. Medical advances have extended life expectancy, but a byproduct of longer life is a greater likelihood of developing cancer. Consequently, there is heightened interest in improved technologies for the diagnosis of cancer. Non-invasive, automated methods for diagnosing tumors without the need to perform excisional biopsies are discussed.
Production processes as a tool to study parametrizations of quark confinement
2001-05-18

We introduce diquarks as separable correlations in the two-quark Green's function to facilitate the description of baryons as relativistic three-quark bound states. These states then emerge as solutions of Bethe-Salpeter equations for quarks and diquarks that interact via quark exchange. When solving these equations we consider various dressing functions for the free quark and diquark propagators that prohibit the existence of corresponding asymptotic states and thus effectively parameterize confinement. We study the implications of qualitatively different dressing functions on the model predictions for the masses of the octet baryons as well as the electromagnetic and strong form factors of the nucleon. For different dressing functions we in particular compare the predictions for kaon photoproduction, , and associated strangeness production, with experimental data. This leads to conclusions on the permissibility of different dressing functions.
Diagnostics with isokinetic devices in shoulder measurements -- potentials and limits
2001-05-19

The correction of ``muscular imbalances'' is assumed to be important in therapy of shoulder pathologies and muscular strengthening. However, it is not clear how these imbalances should be defined and the extent to which conclusions can be drawn, rele
Balance training in men and women: Effect on knee extensors and flexors
2001-05-19

Men and women differ in strength according to the muscle mass of knee extensors and flexors. Side differences between left and right are frequently reported. We measured isokinetic strength and balance performance in 7 men and 8 women and calculated side differences before and after 6 weeks of balance training conducted twice a week for 25 min. Before training. extension and flexion strengths were 70% and 72% higher in men compared to women, respectively. After training gain was 12% for both groups. The side differences of 10% in men and 11% in women for extensors and 7.7 and 10% for the flexors were reduced to 1.0 and 0.8% and 2.0 and 1.1%, respectively. All participants improved balance performance in one leg standing time, Men and women with comparable anthropometric data and level of physical activity improved strength by balance training without strength training. This study also underscores importance of balance training as a preventive measure especially in old age.
Symmetries and reversing symmetries of toral automorphisms
2001-05-21

Toral automorphisms, represented by unimodular integer matrices, are\\ninvestigated with respect to their symmetries and reversing symmetries. We\\ncharacterize the symmetry groups of GL(n,Z) matrices with simple spectrum\\nthrough their connection with unit groups in orders of algebraic number fields.\\nFor the question of reversibility, we derive necessary conditions in terms of\\nthe characteristic polynomial and the polynomial invariants. We also briefly\\ndiscuss extensions to (reversing) symmetries within affine transformations, to\\nPGL(n,Z) matrices, and to the more general setting of integer matrices beyond\\nthe unimodular ones.\\n
Wilsonian effective action for SU(2) Yang-Mills theory with the Cho-Faddeev-Niemi-Shabanov decomposition
2001-05-22

The Cho-Faddeev-Niemi-Shabanov decomposition of the SU(2) Yang-Mills field is employed for the calculation of the corresponding Wilsonian effective action to one-loop order with covariant gauge fixing. The generation of a mass scale is observed, and the flow of the marginal couplings is studied. Our results indicate that higher-derivative terms of the color-unit-vector field are necessary for the description of topologically stable knotlike solitons which have been conjectured to be the large-distance degrees of freedom.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Method for the Synthesis of γ‐Lactones Using Sodium Bromate and Sodium Hydrogen Sulfite.
2001-05-22

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reliable detection of macromolecules in single‐volume 1H NMR spectra of the human brain
2001-05-23

Abstract In short echo time proton MR spectra of the brain, resonances from macromolecules are visible. The macromolecular resonances in the 0.5–2.0 ppm region can be affected by lipid contamination arising from fat‐containing regions outside the selected volume of interest (VOI). This study demonstrates that considerable lipid contamination may remain in stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) spectra even if the spoiling of unwanted coherences is sufficient and the VOI is placed 2 cm or more away from fat‐containing regions. The observed contamination was attributed to residual remote out‐of‐volume excitation, although only very small out‐of‐slice ripples of less than 0.2% of the in‐slice excitation were found in the calculated excitation profile of the RF pulses. Spatial presaturation of fat‐containing regions led to a sufficient suppression of the contamination and enabled the detection of highly reproducible macromolecular resonances. Thus, in single‐volume spectroscopy as well as in spectroscopic imaging (SI or CSI), the combination of volume selection and outer volume presaturation, each in three dimensions, is highly recommended to ensure accurate detection and reliable evaluation of even small pathological alterations in macromolecules, e.g., proteins or lipids, or other resonances in the 0.5–2.0 ppm region. Magn Reson Med 45:948–954, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical examinations (Ki67, p53, nm23) and DNA cytophotometry in bladder cancer.
2001-05-24

Bladder cancer is clinically characterized by a high recurrence rate for superficial tumours up to 70% and by the invasiveness of advanced bladder cancer. To learn more about the biological behaviour of an individual bladder cancer different tumour markers have been investigated. The aim of our study was to compare the potential of aggression of both superficial and invasive bladder tumours by means of the proliferation marker Ki67, the tumour suppressor gene p53, the non metastasizing protein nm23 and the evaluation of DNA ploidy. We examined 36 patients, 28 with a bladder tumour (Ta-T4) and 8 without as a control group. For immunohistochemistry (Ki67, p53, nm23) we took paraffin sections and scored semiquantitatively under a microscope. The DNA cytophotometry was done on bladder washings by evaluating the DNA ploidy of single cells. The results showed that benign tissues were negative for Ki67 and p53 but positive for nm23. The DNA diagnosis was diploid for all benign samples. The superficial bladder cancer (Ta, T1) showed, in comparison to the invasive tumours, significantly lower numbers of aneuploid cells and a higher rate of p53 mutations. On the other hand the invasive tumours (T2-4) were correlated to significantly higher proliferation rates and higher potencies for metastasizing. The combination of the investigated tumour markers allowed a graduation of the biological behavior of an individual bladder cancer. Especially a high p53 mutation rate and a non aneuploid DNA diagnosis were indicators for the recurrence of superficial bladder tumours. Invasive growth of bladder cancer was characterized by high Ki67 proliferation and low nm23 protein binding.
Molecular genetic methods in the diagnosis of invasive bladder cancer.
2001-05-24

Development and progression of tumours is generally driven by an accumulation of genetic alterations. In this study we correlated chromosome 17 aneuploidy to invasiveness of bladder cancer by the method of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in urinary cytospins. We investigated the value of FISH compared to DNA cytophotometry in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. 39 patients with or suspicious for bladder tumour were analyzed. 19 patients had a bladder tumor at the time of diagnosis, 14 superficial (Ta-T1) and 5 invasive (T2-3). The remaining 20 patients had no tumour at the time of diagnosis, however 9 of them had one in prehistory (Ta-T2). For FISH we used the DNA probe of HER-2/neu located on chromosome 17. DNA image cytometry was performed according to single cell interpretation of Böcking. Our results showed a correlation between HER-2/neu CEP 17 alterations and invasive bladder cancer to the extent of 10-70% aberrant cells for patients with current invasive bladder tumour as well as for patients who had been cured but with as invasive bladder cancer in prehistory. On the other hand, the percentage of aneuploid cells for negative biopsy and superficial tumour was 0-2%. The DNA cytophotometry brought an uniform aneuploidy only for present invasive tumours: negative biopsies, superficial cancer and invasive tumour just in prehistory, showed mixed diploid-aneuploid DNA patterns. Our results showed that for the detection of aberrant tumour cells the method of FISH is more sensitive than DNA cytometry. FISH could provide important information in the prognosis of bladder cancer.
Protein and mRNA expression of serum and glucocorticoid‐dependent kinase 1 in metanephrogenesis
2001-05-25

Abstract Abstract Expression of serum and glucocorticoid‐dependent kinase 1 (SGK1) during development in mouse kidney (embryonic day [E] 14 to postnatal day [P] 1) was studied by in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. In whole embryos, SGK1 mRNA was highly abundant in the developing metanephros, where SGK1 mRNA was expressed in the ureteric buds of the branching collecting duct system and in the mesenchymal blastema‐derived comma‐ and s ‐shaped bodies. In E14 kidneys, SGK1 protein was below detection level, whereas at day E16, ureteric buds, s ‐shaped bodies and outgrowing loops of Henle expressed detectable amounts of SGK1 protein. SGK1 protein was also expressed in E16 primary tubules of the collecting duct system. In P1 kidneys, no or only faint SGK1 protein expression was apparent in comma‐ and s ‐shaped bodies, whereas SGK1 was continuously expressed by medullary collecting ducts. In conclusion, SGK1 is developmentally expressed in metanephrogenesis. High expression in developing collecting duct and in blastema‐derived comma‐ and s ‐shaped bodies suggests a dual function of SGK1 in maturation of the reabsorbing collecting duct epithelium and in epithelial transition of the blastema cells. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Setting the Gender Agenda for Communication Policy: New Proposals from the Global Alliance on Media and Gender Aimée Vega Montiel & Sarah Macharia
2001-05-27

Setting the Gender Agenda for Communication Policy: New Proposals from the Global Alliance on Media and Gender (ISBN: 978-923-100321-9; Open Access permalink, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark/48223/pf0000368962.locale=en) is an edited collection in a series of scholarly interventions that were born out of the Global Alliance on Media and Gender initiative, launched by UNESCO in 2013. The Global Alliance on Media and Gender is governed by an international steering committee. The first editor of this collection, Aimée Vega Montiel, was elected as president at the 2019 International Association for Media and Communication Research conference in Madrid; the second editor, Sarah Macharia, is program manager at the World Association for Christian Communication and heads the specialty unit on gender and communication. Setting the Gender Agenda for Communication Policy is an edited volume that brings together an impressive list of scholars, many of which have been at the forefront of activism for gender equity in media and communication for many years.
T Cell Recognition of the Dominant I-Ak–Restricted Hen Egg Lysozyme Epitope
2001-05-29

Type-B T cells raised against the immunodominant peptide in hen egg lysozyme (HEL48–62) do not respond to whole lysozyme, and this has been thought to indicate that peptide can bind to l-Ak in different conformations. Here we demonstrate that such T cells recognize a deamidated form of the HEL peptide and not the native peptide. The sequence of the HEL epitope facilitates rapid and spontaneous deamidation when present as a free peptide or within a flexible domain. However, this deamidated epitope is not created within intact lysozyme, most likely because it resides in a highly structured part of the protein. These findings argue against the existence of multiple conformations of the same peptide–MHC complex and have important implications for the design of peptide-based vaccines. Furthermore, as the type-B T cells are known to selectively evade induction of tolerance when HEL is expressed as a transgene, these results suggest that recognition of posttranslationally modified self-antigen may play a role in autoimmunity.
Bronchodilatory effects of salbutamol, ipratropium bromide, and their combination: Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study in cystic fibrosis
2001-05-29

Abstract The efficacy of inhaled sympathomimetic and anticholinergic agents on airway obstruction in cystic fibrosis (CF) has been proven in several studies. However, studies comparing combined therapy with monotherapy led to divergent results, probably due to different study designs, different dosages, and the small numbers of patients investigated. Therefore, we wanted to answer the question which inhalation has the best short term effect: a sympathomimetic or an anticholinergic agent, or the combination of both. We investigated 17 patients with CF on 4 successive days in the morning, using pulmonary function testing before and 30 min after inhalation. Each patient received aerosolized salbutamol (SB, maximum dose (max.) 2.5 mg), ipratropium bromide (IB, max. 0.5 mg), the combination of both, or placebo (normal saline) in a randomized, double‐blind crossover design. The mean forced expiratory volume in the first second improved significantly (adjusted P ‐value &lt; 0.017) after each treatment compared to placebo. Analysis of variance showed that SB and combination therapy with SB and IB were superior to IB alone, without significant difference between SB and combination therapy. Response of a patient to combined therapy was usually associated with response to SB. Long‐term efficacy and side effects of treatment with bronchodilators still remain to be investigated after this short term study. We conclude that in CF patients bronchodilator therapy with sympathomimetic agents is usually sufficient. Only in cases with proven additional benefit from inhalation by anticholinergics should combination therapy be recommended. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 31:431–435. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Casimir scaling in a dual superconducting scenario of confinement
2001-05-29

The string tensions of flux tubes associated with static charges in various SU(3) representations are studied within the dual Ginzburg-Landau (DGL) theory. The ratios of the string tensions between higher and fundamental representations, , are found to depend only on the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) parameter, , the mass ratio between monopoles and dual gauge bosons . In the case of the Bogomol'nyi limit ( ), analytical values of are easily obtained by adopting the manifestly Weyl invariant formulation of the DGL theory, which are provided simply by the number of color-electric Dirac strings inside the flux tube. A numerical investigation of the ratio for various GL-parameter cases is also performed, which suggests that the Casimir scaling is obtained in the type-II parameter range within the interval for various ratios .
Synthesis of linear and comb‐like peptide constructs containing up to four copies of a T cell epitope and their capacity to stimulate T cells
2001-05-30

Abstract Polypeptide constructs containing up to four copies of the T cell epitope 306‐318 of influenza virus haemagglutinin have been synthesized on solid phase. Between the copies, a non‐natural PEG‐based spacer amino acid has been introduced. The oligomeric epitopes were analysed by RP‐HPLC and ES‐MS. The arrangement of the epitopes within the peptide constructs was either linear or comb‐like. The proliferative response in a T helper cell assay induced by these oligomerized epitopes has been tested, showing that the linearly arranged epitopes are more effective than the comb‐like oligomers. Copyright © 2001 European Peptide Society and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF PREFERRED ORIENTATIONS IN THE HIGH TEMPERATURE PHASE OF C60
2001-05-31

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations of the high temperature phase of C60 have been performed for different intermolecular potentials proposed previously for the intermolecular interactions in solid C60, i.e. the van der Waals (vdW) potential and two different bond charge models. In contrast to what has been previously inferred from a mean-field theory, bond charges do lead to a much better reproduction of the experimental results, including the preferred orientations of the C60 molecule, than the vdW potential. Acknowledgments