julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Large σ Channel Low-Mass Enhancement in Exclusively Measured Double Pionic Fusion to 3He
2006-01-01

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation M. Bashkanov, T. Skorodko, H. Clement, O. Khakimova, F. Kren, G. J. Wagner, CELSIUS‐WASA collaboration; Large σ Channel Low‐Mass Enhancement in Exclusively Measured Double Pionic Fusion to 3He. AIP Conf. Proc. 11 July 2006; 842 (1): 440–442. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2220293 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
CAG repeats in restless legs syndrome
2006-01-02

Abstract Recent reports established an association of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 1, 2, and 3. To evaluate the contribution of SCA alleles to idiopathic RLS we investigated the CAG repeat length at the SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, and SCA17 loci in 215 patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria of RLS and presented periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) in polysomnographic recording. Fifty percent of patients had a positive family history of RLS. We found one intermediate (CAG) 43 allele for SCA17 in a 44‐year‐old female with RLS starting at the age of 43. Neurologic examination and family history were unremarkable in this patient. Otherwise, allele distribution did not differ between RLS patients and healthy controls. Stratification for age, age of onset, sex, peripheral neuropathy, and sporadic or familial RLS revealed no effect. Thus, CAG repeat length in the investigated genes is not a major determinant of idiopathic or familial RLS. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Point mutations in the aromatic/arginine region in aquaporin 1 allow passage of urea, glycerol, ammonia, and protons
2006-01-03

Water-specific aquaporins (AQP), such as the prototypical mammalian AQP1, stringently exclude the passage of solutes, ions, and even protons. Supposedly, this is accomplished by two conserved regions within the pore, a pair of canonical asparagine–proline–alanine (NPA) motifs, the central constriction, and an aromatic/arginine (ar/R) constriction, the outer constriction. Here, we analyzed the function of three residues in the ar/R constriction (Phe-56, His-180, and Arg-195) in rat AQP1. Individual or joint replacement of His-180 and Arg-195 by alanine and valine residues, respectively (AQP1-H180A, AQP1-R195V, and AQP1-H180A/R195V), did not affect water permeability. The double mutant AQP1-H180A/R195V allowed urea to pass. In line with the predicted solute discrimination by size, replacement of both Phe-56 and His-180 (AQP1-F56A/H180A) enlarged the maximal diameter of the ar/R constriction 3-fold and enabled glycerol and urea to pass. We further show that ammonia passes through all four AQP1 mutants, as determined ( i ) by growth complementation of yeast deletion strains with ammonia, ( ii ) by ammonia uptake from the external solution into oocytes, and ( iii ) by direct recordings of ammonia induced proton currents in oocytes. Unexpectedly, removal of the positive charge in the ar/R constriction in AQP1-R195V and AQP1-H180A/R195V appeared to allow the passage of protons through AQP1. The data indicate that the ar/R constriction is a major checkpoint for solute permeability, and that the exquisite electrostatic proton barrier in AQPs comprises both the NPA constriction as well as the ar/R constriction.
Nucleon polarizabilities in the perturbative chiral quark model
2006-01-04

The nucleon polarizabilities alpha(E) and beta(M) are studied in the context of the perturbative chiral quark model. We demonstrate that meson cloud effects are sufficient to explain the electric polarizability of nucleon. Contributions of excite quark states to the paramagnetic polarizability are dominant and cancel the diamagnetic polarizability arising from the chiral field. The obtained results are compared to data and other theoretical predictions.
Reverse Prenyltransferase in the Biosynthesis of Fumigaclavine C in Aspergillus fumigatus: Gene Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Fumigaclavine C Synthase FGAPT1
2006-01-05

Abstract A putative prenyltransferase gene— fgaPT1 —has been identified in the biosynthetic gene cluster of fumigaclavines in Aspergillus fumigatus AF293. The gene was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli , and the His 6 ‐fusion FgaPT1 was purified to near homogeneity and characterized biochemically. The enzyme was found to convert fumigaclavine A into fumigaclavine C by attaching a dimethylallyl moiety to C‐2 of the indole nucleus in a “reverse” manner, that is, by connection of C‐3 of the dimethylallyl moiety to an aromatic nucleus. FgaPT1 is a soluble, dimeric protein with a subunit size of 50 kDa. K m(app) values for fumigaclavine A and dimethylallyl diphosphate were determined to be 6 and 13 μ M , respectively, while the turnover number was 0.8 s −1 . Metal ions such as Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ are not essential for the enzymatic activity. FgaPT1 showed relatively strict substrate specificity towards fumigaclavine A, with only dimethylallyl diphosphate being accepted as a donor under our conditions. FgaPT1 is the first reverse prenyltransferase from fungi to have been purified and characterized in homogenous form after heterologous overproduction. Surprisingly, it shows very low sequence similarity to the recently identified prenyltransferase LtxC from cyanobacteria, which also catalyzes the reverse prenylation of an indole nucleus.
Adaptive Probabilistic Tracking Embedded in a Smart Camera
2006-01-05

Tracking applications based on distributed and embedded sensor networks are emerging today, both in the field of surveillance (airports, lab facilities, train stations, museums, public spots) and industrial vision (visual servoing, factory automation). Traditional centralized approaches offer several drawbacks, due to limited communication bandwidth, computational requirements and thus also limited spatial camera resolution and framerate. In this paper, we present a network-enabled Smart Camera for probabilistic tracking. It is capable of tracking objects adaptively in real-time and offers a very bandwidthconservative approach, as the whole computation is performed embedded in the Smart Camera, and only the tracking results are transmitted which are on a higher level of abstraction.
Functional grouping of genes using spectral clustering and gene ontology
2006-01-05

With the invention of high throughput methods, researchers are capable of producing large amounts of biological data. During the analysis of such data the need for a functional grouping of genes arises. In this paper, we propose a new method based on spectral clustering for the partitioning of genes according to their biological function. The functional information is based on Gene Ontology annotation, a mechanism to capture functional knowledge in a shareable and computer processable form. Our functional cluster method promises to automates, speed up and therefore improve biological data analysis.
3D Modeling of Indoor Environments for a Robotic Security Guard
2006-01-05

Autonomous mobile robots will play a major role in future security and surveillance tasks for large scale environments&#13;\\nsuch as shopping malls, airports, hospitals and museums. Robotic security guards will autonomously survey such environments, unless a remote human operator takes over control. In this context a 3D model can convey much more useful information than the typical 2D maps used in many robotic applications today, both for visualisation of information and as human machine interface for remote control.&#13;\\n&#13;\\nThis paper addresses the challenge of building such a model of a large environment (50m x 60m) using data from the robot’s own sensors: a 2D laser scanner and a panoramic camera. The data are processed in a pipeline that comprises automatic, semi-automatic and manual stages. The user can interact with the reconstruction process where necessary to ensure robustness and completeness of the model. A hybrid representation, tailored to the application, has been chosen: floors and walls are represented efficiently by textured planes. Non-planar structures like stairs&#13;\\nand tables, which are represented by point clouds, can be added if desired. Our methods to extract these structures include: simultaneous localization and mapping in 2D and wall extraction based on laser scanner range data, building textures from multiple omni-directional images using multi-resolution blending, and calculation of 3D geometry by a graph cut stereo technique. Various renderings illustrate the usability of the model for visualising the security guard’s position and environment.
Illustrative Display of Hidden Iso-Surface Structures
2006-01-05

Indirect volume rendering is a widespread method for the display of volume datasets. It is based on the extraction of polygonal iso-surfaces from volumetric data, which are then rendered using conventional rasterization methods. Whereas this rendering approach is fast and relatively easy to implement, it cannot easily provide an understandable display of structures occluded by the directly visible iso-surface. Simple approaches like alpha-blending for transparency when drawing the iso-surface often generate a visually complex output, which is difficult to interpret. Moreover, such methods can significantly increase the computational complexity of the rendering process. In this paper, we therefore propose a new approach for the illustrative indirect rendering of volume data in real-time. This algorithm emphasizes the silhouette of objects represented by the iso-surface. Additionally, shading intensities on objects are reproduced with a monochrome hatching technique. Using a specially designed two-pass rendering process, structures behind the front layer of the iso-surface are automatically extracted with a depth peeling method. The shapes of these hidden structures are also displayed as silhouette outlines. As an additional option, the geometry of explicitly specified inner objects can be displayed with constant translucency. Although these inner objects always remain visible, a specific shading and depth attenuation method is used to convey the depth relationships. We describe the implementation of the algorithm, which exploits the programmability of state-of-the-art graphics processing units (GPUs). The algorithm described in this paper does not require any preprocessing of the input data or a manual definition of inner structures. Since the presented method works on iso-surfaces, which are stored as polygonal datasets, it can also be applied to other types of polygonal models.
Visualization in the Einstein Year 2005: A Case Study on Explanatory and Illustrative Visualization of Relativity and Astrophysics
2006-01-05

In this application paper, we report on over fifteen years of experience with relativistic and astrophysical visualization, which has been culminating in a substantial engagement for visualization in the Einstein Year 2005 - the 100/sup th/ anniversary of Einstein's publications on special relativity, the photoelectric effect, and Brownian motion. This paper focuses on explanatory and illustrative visualizations used to communicate aspects of the difficult theories of special and general relativity, their geometric structure, and of the related fields of cosmology and astrophysics. We discuss visualization strategies, motivated by physics education and didactics of mathematics, and describe what kind of visualization methods have proven to be useful for different types of media, such as still images in popular-science magazines, film contributions to TV shows, oral presentations, or interactive museum installations. Although our visualization tools build upon existing methods and implementations, these techniques have been improved by several novel technical contributions like image-based special relativistic rendering on GPUs, an extension of general relativistic ray tracing to manifolds described by multiple charts, GPU-based interactive visualization of gravitational light deflection, as well as planetary terrain rendering. The usefulness and effectiveness of our visualizations are demonstrated by reporting on experiences with, and feedback from, recipients of visualizations and collaborators.
Illustrative Rendering Techniques for Visualization: Future of Visualization or Just Another Technique?
2006-01-05

Illustrative rendering, often also depicted as non-photorealistic rendering1 or stylized rendering, employs abstraction techniques to convey the relevant information, and de-emphasize less important details. The question remains how this abstraction process is guided and in particular how can we ensure that relevant information is maintained. Consequently, research on illustrative rendering needs to address how the information is perceived by the human observer, next to the investigation of algorithmic aspects. In this panel, we discuss various aspects on this topic. Kwan-Liu Ma discusses how illustrative rendering can be used in scientifc visualization, and Bernhard Preim explores its use for the visualization in the medical imaging domain. Perception aspects are presented by Victoria Interrante. A different perspective, if illustrative rendering is useful for typical visualization problems, is added by Hans Hagen.
View-dependent Meshing And Rendering of Tetrahedral Meshes
2006-01-05

Interactive exploration of huge tetrahedral meshes is required by many applications but the limitations of the current hardware do not allow for the full dataset to be rendered at interactive frame rates. We present a meshing framework that builds a multi resolution hierarchy for large tetrahedral meshes and enables to render these meshes interactively using a direct volume renderer based on projected tetrahedra as wall as a new point-based renderer. A preprocessing step simplifies the mesh into a binary vertex hierarchy which is used at run time to adapt the mesh to viewing parameters. A new way of how to split a vertex is presented that exploits the connectivity information of the current mesh as well as the vertex hierarchy.
Management and outcome after internal carotid artery laceration during surgery of the paranasal sinuses
2006-01-06

We report two cases of ICA lacerations that occurred during routine endoscopic sinus surgery. Both patients were successfully treated by employing neuroradiological procedures including balloon and/or coil occlusion of various portions of the cavernous ICA. According to the literature the outcome depends on the presence or absence of vascular anomalies or aneurysm of the ICA with a very poor prognosis in cases of laceration of a pre-existing and unrecognized aneurysm.
O6‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase and p53 status predict temozolomide sensitivity in human malignant glioma cells
2006-01-09

Abstract Temozolomide (TMZ) is a methylating agent which prolongs survival when administered during and after radiotherapy in the first‐line treatment of glioblastoma and which also has significant activity in recurrent disease. O 6 ‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA repair enzyme attributed a role in cancer cell resistance to O 6 ‐alkylating agent‐based chemotherapy. Using a panel of 12 human glioma cell lines, we here defined the sensitivity to TMZ in acute cytotoxicity and clonogenic survival assays in relation to MGMT, mismatch repair and p53 status and its modulation by dexamethasone, irradiation and BCL‐X L . We found that the levels of MGMT expression were a major predictor of TMZ sensitivity in human glioma cells. MGMT activity and clonogenic survival after TMZ exposure are highly correlated ( p &lt; 0.0001, r 2 = 0.92). In contrast, clonogenic survival after TMZ exposure does not correlate with the expression levels of the mismatch repair proteins mutS homologue 2, mutS homologue 6 or post‐meiotic segregation increased 2. The MGMT inhibitor O 6 ‐benzylguanine sensitizes MGMT‐positive glioma cells to TMZ whereas MGMT gene transfer into MGMT‐negative cells confers protection. The antiapoptotic BCL‐X L protein attenuates TMZ cytotoxicity in MGMT‐negative LNT‐229 but not in MGMT‐positive LN‐18 cells. Neither ionizing radiation (4 Gy) nor clinically relevant concentrations of dexamethasone modulate MGMT activity or TMZ sensitivity. Abrogation of p53 wild‐type function strongly attenuates TMZ cytotoxicity. Conversely, p53 mimetic agents designed to stabilize the wild‐type conformation of p53 sensitize glioma cells for TMZ cytotoxicity. Collectively, these results suggest that the determination of MGMT expression and p53 status will help to identify glioma patients who will or will not respond to TMZ.
Quantitative ASL muscle perfusion imaging using a FAIR‐TrueFISP technique at 3.0 T
2006-01-10

Abstract The feasibility of muscle perfusion imaging with diagnostic image quality was demonstrated using the FAIR‐TrueFISP arterial spin labeling technique on a clinical 3.0 T whole‐body scanner. In eight healthy volunteers (24 to 42 years old), quantitative perfusion maps of the forearm musculature were acquired before and after intense exercise. All measurements were carried out in a 3.0 T whole‐body MR unit in combination with an eight‐channel head coil. Pulsed arterial spin labeling and data recording were performed with an adapted FAIR‐TrueFISP technique and quantitative perfusion maps were calculated on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis by means of the extended Bloch equations. Perfusion images with an in‐plane resolution of 1 mm showed no significant distortions or blurring. Perfusion–time curves could be recorded with a temporal resolution of 6.4 s. Maximum perfusion in the musculature was found ∼2 min after exercise, reaching values of up to 220 mL/min per 100 g of tissue with good delineation between the active muscles and the musculature not involved in the exercise. In conclusion, the TrueFISP pulsed arterial spin labeling technique allows patient‐friendly assessment of muscular perfusion in a clinical whole‐body scanner. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Periventricular leukomalacia specifically affects cortical MEG response to biological motion
2006-01-10

Abstract Objective Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) underlies most of the neurological morbidity including visual‐perceptual deficits in survivors of premature birth. However, it is unknown whether and, if so, how PVL affects functional cortical activity. Methods Here, we assessed changes in the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) response to visual displays depicting human locomotion in adolescents who were born premature with magnetic resonance imaging signs of PVL. Results Dynamics of MEG activity parallel behavioral deficits. Early (140–170 milliseconds) brain activation over the right parietal cortex was weaker in patients compared with term‐born controls. Interpretation This is the first evidence for stimulus‐specific modulation of cortical activity by periventricular lesions providing new insights into the functional pathology of PVL. Ann Neurol 2006
Impact of voice on emotional judgment of faces: An event‐related fMRI study
2006-01-12

Abstract Emotional information can be conveyed by various means of communication, such as propositional content, speech intonation, facial expression, and gestures. Prior studies have demonstrated that inputs from one modality can alter perception in another modality. To evaluate the impact of emotional intonation on ratings of emotional faces, a behavioral study first was carried out. Second, functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) was used to identify brain regions that mediate crossmodal effects of emotional prosody on judgments of facial expressions. In the behavioral study, subjects rated fearful and neutral facial expressions as being more fearful when accompanied by a fearful voice as compared to the same facial expressions without concomitant auditory stimulus, whereas no such influence on rating of faces was found for happy voices. In the fMRI experiment, this shift in rating of facial expressions in presence of a fearfully spoken sentence was correlated with the hemodynamic response in the left amygdala extending into the periamygdaloid cortex, which suggests that crossmodal effects on cognitive judgments of emotional information are mediated via these neuronal structures. Furthermore, significantly stronger activations were found in the mid‐portion of the right fusiform gyrus during judgment of facial expressions in presence of fearful as compared to happy intonations, indicating that enhanced processing of faces within this region can be induced by the presence of threat‐related information perceived via the auditory modality. Presumably, these increased extrastriate activations correspond to enhanced alertness, whereas responses within the left amygdala modulate cognitive evaluation of emotional facial expressions. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intestinal function of gene-targeted mice lacking serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1
2006-01-12

In vitro experiments have revealed the ability of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) to stimulate intestinal Na + -coupled glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and intestinal Na + /H + exchanger 3 (NHE3). The present study explored the contribution of SGK1 to the regulation of intestinal transport in vivo. SGK1 transcript levels were determined by real-time PCR and glucose-induced currents ( I g ) reflecting SGLT1 activity by Ussing chamber experiments. BCECF fluorescence was utilized for the determination of Na + -dependent pH recovery from an ammonium pulse (ΔpH NHE ) reflecting NHE activity. As a result, intestinal SGK1 transcript levels were significantly enhanced by a 4-day treatment with 10 μg·mg body wt −1 ·day −1 dexamethasone (Dex). I g was, under control conditions, virtually identical in sgk1 knockout mice ( sgk1 −/− ) and their wild type littermates ( sgk1 +/+ ). A 4-day treatment with Dex, however, increased I g approximately threefold in sgk1 +/+ mice but not in sgk1 −/− mice. ΔpH NHE was similar in sgk1 −/− and sgk1 +/+ mice before treatment. Dex increased ΔpH NHE approximately threefold in sgk1 +/+ mice and approximately twofold in sgk1 −/− mice, an effect significantly blunted in the presence of the specific NHE3 blocker S-3226 (10 μM). According to Western blot analysis, Dex significantly enhanced SGLT1 and NHE3 protein abundance in brush-border membranes of sgk1 +/+ mice but not of sgk1 −/− mice. In conclusion, basic functions of SGLT1 and NHE3 in the intestine do not require stimulation by SGK1. However, the effects of glucocorticoids on SGLT1 are fully, and on NHE3 partially, dependent on SGK1.
Cytokines, cytokine antagonists and soluble adhesion molecules in patients with ocular Behçet's disease treated with human recombinant interferon-alpha2a. Results of an open study and review of the literature.
2006-01-12

IFN-alpha exerts diverse influences mainly on cytokine antagonists and soluble adhesion molecules. Because sTNF-RII and IL-1RA were increased by IFN-alpha treatment, these might be interesting alternative treatment options in refractory BD. Some of the side-effects of IFN-alpha may be caused by activation of monocytes, which is reflected by an increase in neopterin serum levels.
Conventional histology vs. three-dimensional histology in lentigo maligna melanoma
2006-01-16

Excision of LMM using 3D histology resulted in a twofold lower probability of recurrence and twofold smaller excision margins. 3D histology is a valuable diagnostic tool and can be used in the management of LMM because of the latter's pattern of continuous tumour spread.