julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
[Case report. Treatment of the gillworm disease (Dactylogyrosis) of some South American cichlids and catfish].
2003-01-01

The infection with gillworms (Dactylogyrus sp.) causes severe problems in the keeping and breeding of tropical ornamental fishes, e.g. Discus (Symphisodon aequifasciata). Treatment of gillworm disease with different drugs has been shown in the past to be insufficient. Therefore, the effectiveness of a long-term use of praziquantel was evaluated in ornamental fish. Cumulative doses up to 10 mg praziquantel/l water were tolerated without side-effects by Angel Fish (Pterophyllum scalare), Discus, and a variety of catfish species (Ancistrus sp., Corydoras sp.). It was found appropriate to start with a dosage of 2.5 mg/l and to add the same dosage every other day several times. All adult parasites and larvae were killed by this treatment. For the complete elimination of the Dactylogyridae-population in a closed aquarium system, 3 therapy-cycles (duration: 5-6 d, accumulated dosage: 2.5 mg/l/d) prooved to be effective. It was important to interrupt the therapy-cycles with intervals without medication (1 to 4 weeks).
Miniaturization of the equipment for percutaneous coronary interventions: a prospective study in 1,200 patients.
2003-01-01

The aim of this prospective study was to analyze the technical feasibility, success rate and special complications of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) using a newly released 5 French (Fr) guiding catheter with an inner diameter of 0.058 . The study was performed in 1,200 consecutive patients subjected to coronary angioplasty. In 92% of the patients, the intervention was started with a 5 Fr catheter; in 8% of the patients, a 6 or 7 Fr catheter was used. In 5% of the 1,105 patients, the guiding catheter had to be changed during PCI from 5 Fr to a 6 or 7 Fr catheter. In 92% of the patients, the intervention was successfully performed using a 5 Fr catheter. In 3%, the overall success rate was 95% after changing the guiding catheter. Predictors of procedural failure with the 5 Fr guiding catheter were type C lesion morphology and a diameter stenosis of 99% and 100%. The success rate was 90% in acute functional occlusions and 63% in chronic total occlusions (CTO). In CTOs, predictors of procedural failure of the recanalizations using 5 Fr guiding catheters were sidebranch at the point of the total occlusion, complex lesion morphology type C and abrupt morphology of the occlusion. This study confirms that PCI was technically feasible using a 5 Fr guiding catheter in the majority of consecutive patients (success rate: 92%). There were significant differences in the success rate depending on the lesion type and the diameter stenosis.
Imaging and clustering of depth estimations for Werner and 2D-Euler deconvolution
2003-01-01

Werner and Euler deconvolution are the most commonly used methods for computer-aided solutions estimation for gravity and magnetics field data. Because of the inherent instability of potential field data, the methods tend to give scattered solutions. Numerical instability estimators as a product of the numerical linear system solvers (SVD, LSQ) can give us a useful numerical information about the instability of the linear systems. Therefore systems of linear equations were computed with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method. SVD gives us useful numerical answer about the instability of the linear system, but unfortunately not the one we need to find the most appropriate results. Though, we need an additional method to find the best solutions - clustering. We are going to introduce new clustering algorithm, specially developed for deconvolution methods, which takes into an account geometric distribution of the solutions along the defined solution trail. The proposed algorithm will be compared with an independent statistical algorithm on a simple theoretical model.
Comparison of Measured and Modelled Hydraulic Conductivities of Fractured Sandstone Cores
2003-01-01

A new method for characterising the detailed fracture geometry in sandstone cores is presented. This method is based on the impregnation of samples with coloured resin, without significant disturbance of the fractures. The fractures are made clearly visible by the resin, thus allowing the fracture geometry to be examined digitally. In order to model the bulk hydraulic conductivity, the samples are sectioned serially perpendicular to the flow direction. The hydraulic conductivity of individual sections is estimated by summing the contribution of the matrix and each fracture from the digital data. Finally, the hydraulic conductivity of the bulk sample is estimated by a harmonic average in series along the flow path. Results of this geometrical method are compared with actual physical conductivity values measured from fluid experiments carried out prior to sectioning. The predicted conductivity from the fracture geometry parameters (e.g., fracture aperture, fracture width, fracture length and fracture relative roughness all measured using an optical method) is in good agreement with the independent physical measurements, thereby validating the approach
Isolation of Bovine Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Using Adhesion to Agarose: Demonstration of Cellular and Regional Heterogeneity
2003-01-01

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) shows cell heterogeneity in morphology and enzymatic activity. Routine isolation procedures for RPE cells may reduce enzymatic activity and prevent the quantification of regional enzymatic differences in vivo. We developed a new technique for the isolation of RPE cells based on adhesion of the cells to agarose. The morphology of the isolated cells resembled that of RPE cells in vivo. The cells were viable in the dye exclusion test and showed a histochemical staining pattern as RPE cells in vivo. With this technique, quantitative regional differences in the enzymatic activities were detected.
The Salt Paradox of the Early Diabetic Kidney Is Independent of Renal Innervation
2003-01-01

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is inversely and thus paradoxically related to dietary NaCl intake in rats and patients with early type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Enhanced sensitivity of proximal reabsorption to NaCl diet inducing secondary adaptations in GFR through actions of tubuloglomerular feedback causes this salt paradox. We studied the role of renal nerves for the salt paradox in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM since a regulatory influence of renal nerves on proximal reabsorption is well established. The left kidney (LK) was denervated before induction of STZ-DM. Subsequently, the normal diet was continued or a low NaCl diet was initiated and 1 week later animals were prepared for clearance experiments under anesthesia including ureter catheterization to measure GFR for each kidney. In diabetic rats, the right innervated as well as the left denervated kidney showed higher values for GFR and kidney weight in animals on a low versus a normal NaCl diet indicating that the salt paradox occurs independent of renal innervation. In addition, evidence is provided that the renal nerves of non-diabetic rats do not contribute to renal Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; retention during dietary NaCl restriction but modulate renal hemodynamics and kidney weight under these conditions.
Dopamine D3 Receptor mRNA and Renal Response to D3 Receptor Activation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
2003-01-01

Defective dopamine receptors may be involved in the development of hypertension. Recently, it has been shown that gene expression and function of the renal dopamine D3 receptor is impaired in salt-sensitive Dahl rats, a model of salt-dependent hypertension. Here, the functional response to D3 receptor activation was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In addition, expression of the D3 receptor gene was studied in both rat strains. In clearance experiments, Ringer solution was infused at baseline in thiopental-anesthetized SHR and WKY (each n = 8), followed by an infusion of R(+)-7-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin (DPAT), a specific D3 receptor agonist. DPAT was infused in two consecutive doses of 0.01 and 0.1 microg/min per kg body weight. During the entire experiment mean arterial blood pressure was significantly higher (1.5-fold) in adult SHR when compared to age-matched WKY. In both groups DPAT infusion induced a similar dose-dependent increase in urinary flow rate and sodium excretion by a maximum of 2.3-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively. DPAT also increased the glomerular filtration rate in both SHR and WKY. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies of whole kidney samples showed no significant differences between young prehypertensive and adult hypertensive SHR when compared to age-matched normotensive WKY. In summary, pharmacological dopamine D3 receptor activation induces a uniform renal response in SHR and WKY. Together with the similar D3 receptor gene expression in both rat strains, which is independent of age or blood pressure levels, the results do not support the notion that the dopamine D3 receptor system is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in the SHR model.
Licensing complex prepositions via lexical constraints
2003-01-01

In this paper, we will investigate a cross-linguistic phenomenon referred to as complex prepositions (CPs), which is a frequent type of multiword expressions (MWEs) in many languages. Based on empirical data, we will point out the problems of the traditional treatment of CPs as complex lexical categories, and, thus, propose an analysis using the formal paradigm of the HPSG in the tradition of (Pollard and Sag, 1994). Our objective is to provide an approach to CPs which (1) convincingly explains empirical data, (2) is consistent with the underlying formal framework and does not require any extensions or modifications of the existing description apparatus, (3) is computationally tractable.
An equilibrium model for electricity auctions
2003-01-01

This work discusses the process of price formation for electrical energy within an auction-like trading environment. Calculating optimal bid strategies of power producers by equilibrium arguments, we obtain the corresponding electricity price and estimate
Are pharmacological considerations of relevance in hormone replacement therapy for prevention of chronic disease?
2003-01-01

Up to now only two placebo-controlled intervention studies exist which evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)on clinical endpoints using sufficient sample sizes. The negative outcomes of these studies such as increased cardiovascular and breast cancer risk led to extrapolations onto the complete therapeutic HRT field. This is unscientific considering pharmacological issues. In both studies only one HRT preparation was tested, conjugated equine oestrogens (CEE) combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), using one fixed dosage combination. CEE is a variable mixture containing over 200 chemical substances, at least 10 oestrogen components and steroids with progestogen or androgen properties. Since all menopausal symptoms are caused by oestradiol deficiency it seems reasonable to replace the human oestrogen which is pharmacologically by no means comparable with the biological extract CEE. Concerning the combination with a progestogen negative cardiovascular effects are of importance and might be more predominant with MPA than with other progestogens. In addition low-dose HRT regimens should be tested, whereby transdermal application forms of both oestrogens and progestogens seem of special advantage.
Regulatory competition and E-Commerce
2003-01-01

Companies choose the best location for their business and countries try to attract them. This paper gives an introduction into regulatory competition and, after presenting analytical key factors in regulatory competition, applies this analytical framework to E-Commerce. Starting with Tiebout's voting with one's feet there are several economic theories about regulatory competition, some optimistic, others pessimistic (race to the bottom). The Internet provides new opportunities for regulatory arbitrage because it makes it easier to relocate business activity. In order to assess the impact of the Internet on regulatory competition, an analytical framework which allows predictions for areas of law is necessary. Important is the ease with which a company can achieve regulation under a new legal regime. If a company has achieved the applicability of a favorable law the follow-up question is whether it loses this advantage if it sells its product to another jurisdiction. Another factor is the impact of such a choice on the market position (feedback).The paper looks at several examples: Intellectual Property, Contract law, Digital signatures, Tax law, Privacy and Spam. Despite the ease with which an E-Commerce business can be relocated, only some legal areas provide opportunities for regulatory arbitrage. Regulatory arbitrage depends on the possibility of exporting legal advantages provided by local law. Hereby one has to distinguish between the applicable law and its enforcement. Regulatory competition does not take place in all legal areas relevant for E-Commerce, that is why governments are in some areas able to regulate free from the pressure imposed by regulatory competition. Regulatory competition is limited in IP law and in B2C. Taking law enforcement into account one can see that regulatory competition about spam regulation is possible.
Variable-density flow and transport in porous media: approaches and challenges.
2003-01-01

We review the state of the art in modeling of variable-density flow and transport in porous media, including conceptual models for convection systems, governing balance equations, phenomenological laws, constitutive relations for fluid density and viscosity, and numerical methods for solving the resulting nonlinear multifield problems. The discussion of numerical methods addresses strategies for solving the coupled spatio-temporal convection process, consistent velocity approximation, and error-based mesh adaptation techniques. As numerical models for those nonlinear systems must be carefully verified in appropriate tests, we discuss weaknesses and inconsistencies of current model-verification methods as well as benchmark solutions. We give examples of field-related applications to illustrate specific challenges of further research, where heterogeneities and large scales are important.
Liberal Corporatism and Party Government
2003-01-01

The progress of corporatist ideas since the late nineteenth century and the advent of authoritarian "corporatist" regimes in the twentieth century have been strongly fostered by critiques of parliamentary and party government. To be sure, corporatist doctrines have not been unanimous in their assessment of universal suffrage, parliament, and competitive party systems. While on the one hand authors such as Spann (1934) proposed to abolish parliament, that "Schwatzbude," and to replace it by a representation of "estates," others merely proposed to redress the alleged shortcomings of parliamentary democracy by adding a system of corporate representation. For example, Catholic "Solidarists" (a school which has been important in the German-speaking countries), proposed a Chamber of Corporations which should supplement, but not substitute for, a parliament based on political parties (Mayer-Tasch, 1971:60). On the other hand, a socialist party leader, the "Austro-Marxist" theorist Bauer, under the influence of early Soviet experience as well as English "guild socialism," pleaded for the improvement of merely "formal" or "political" democracy (i.e., bourgeois-dominated parliamentary government based on universal suffrage) by "functional democracy," which demands that "the government in each single branch of its activity rests in continual understanding with the organized whole of the citizens, who, according to their profession or their plant, according to their social and economic function are immediately concerned by that particular branch of government activity" (Bauer, 1923: 187).
ProgDOC: A new program documentation system
2003-01-01

Though programming languages and programming styles evolve with remarkable speed today, there is no such evolution in the field of program documentation. And although there exist some popular approaches like Knuth’s literate programming system WEB [26], and nowadays JavaDoc [15] or Doxygen [16], tools for managing software development and documentation are not as widespread as desirable. This paper analyses a wide range of literate programming tools available during the past two decades and introduces ProgDOC, a new software documentation system. It is simple, language independent, and it keeps documentation and the documented software consistent. It uses LATEX for typesetting purposes, supports syntax highlighting for various languages, and produces output in Postscript, PDF or HTML format.
Stationary phases composed of sol–gel processed organometallic complexes functionalized with polyethylene glycol
2003-01-01

A tripodal phosphine molybdenum tricarbonyl complex has been functionalized with polyethylene glycol spacers of average chain lengths ranging from 0 to 90. Hydrolysable end groups were attached to the spacers via a platinum catalysed hydrosilylation, a Williamson ether synthesis Cl(CH2)3Si(OEt)3 and an addition reaction of OCN(CH2)3Si(OEt)3. The resulting complexes were sol–gel processed by two different methods with varying amounts of Si(OMe)4 and Si(OEt)4 as cocondensation agents. This generated organometallic/inorganic hybrid materials with characteristic features depending on the spacer length and the amount of cocondensation agent. A detailed multinuclear NMR spectroscopic investigation established the structure of the metal complexes in the polymer and revealed the cross-linking and degree of condensation of the materials. Furthermore, relaxation studies gave insight into the dynamics of the metal complexes, within the hybrid polymers. Chemistry in the interphase was performed with selected materials. The molybdenum tricarbonyl fragments were removed by a combined photochemical/oxidative method leaving the tripodal phosphine in the polymer. These polymerised phosphines served as starting materials for new rhodium and iridium complexes as reactive centres in stationary phases.
Investigation of the Neighborhood Attraction Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Neural Gas
2003-01-01

In this contribution we present a new approach to involve the idea of neighborhood cooperation during adaptation known from neural maps in evolutionary algorithms. Thereby we focus on application of cooperativeness according to the neural gas network and present first parameter studies for this NG-neighborhood attraction EA.
Processing Sequences: A new Paradigm for Out-of-Core Processing on Large Meshes
2003-01-01

In this paper we introduce a new processing paradigm for meshes that are too large to fit entirely into main memory. We define the concept of a proce ssing se que that is essentially just a ordered sequence of triangles. This triangle ordering gives access to a mesh in a particular useful way that mayb e exploited to design e#cient mesh processing algorithms on top of it. Rearranging mesh triangles in a particular order is already used for fast rendering on modern graphics cards with vertex cache. The triangles are sent to the card in a que that tries to minimize cache misses. We exploit a similar strategy for more e#cient mesh processing---b6 at a much larger scale. The main memory as a &amp;quot;cache&amp;quot; is much moreflexibL so that the data necessary for a complete mesh traversal can alwaysb e kept in-core. Therefore the analogue of a &amp;quot;cache miss&amp;quot; does fortunately not exist. In this working draft we define which triangle orderings constitute a processing sequence, discuss which other properties we want a processing sequence to have, sketch out di#erent approaches for generating processing sequences, describ e the two computational abputational namely boundary-base d andbu#e ase d processing, providedb y processing sequences, and give some simple examples of how to use our prototype API for out-of-core processing.
In hunt for size: merger formation in the oil industry
2003-01-01

This paper analyzes the recent mergers in the oil industry. Oil is assumed to be a homogeneous good which is produced by a small number of firms with different unit costs. Merger formation is endogenously explained as a result of cooperative decisions. We show that the mergers are amongst very asymmetric firms if initial size differences are moderate. If size differences are large, however, the more efficient firms participate in the mergers, while the least efficient firms are not attractive partners and, therefore, remain independent in the post-merger market.
Calculation of Synthetic Ionizing Spectra for Planetary Nebulae
2003-01-01

We present a new grid (solar and halo abundance ratios) of state-of-the-art fully line-blanketed NLTE model atmospheres which covers the parameter range of central stars of planetary nebulae. The grid is available at the WWW.
Variational Principles for Granular Matter
2003-01-01

In the last few years research on so-called soft materials, as opposed to classical states like solids, fluids, and gases, has attracted much attention. Among various types of foams, polymers, etc., granular materials appear as most interesting in view of a variety of surprising experiments, novel connections to mathematical fields like geometry, partial differential equations, particle systems, and also industrial applications [9] [16] [15]. It is surprising that granular matter became an attractive research field only recently since basic experiments on equilibrium configurations have been performed a century ago [1]. In some situations granular matter can be seen as a granular gas (Boltzmann approach for discrete particles with free path length [20]) or as a granular fluid (Savage-Hutter model for height and speed of avalanches [22] [23], an adaptation of the shallow water or St. Venant equations). If large amounts of sand are slowly accumulated then continuum models are appropriate which use the (geometry of sand) and the distinction of a standing layer and a rolling layer [8] [5] [6] [10] [11] [12] [13]. These models are based on the angle of repose of the material considered and two functional laws which describe how the speed of rolling grains is related to the slope of the standing material and how grains are deposited or start moving on a slope. Also in stationary situations with a non-vanishing rolling layer these two parameter functions play a role [12]. Models with instantaneous deposition have been studied in [2] [3] [19]. Another approach to stationary problems has been designed in [21].
Neutrino masses twenty-five years later
2003-01-01

The discovery of neutrino mass marks a turning point in elementary particle\\nphysics, with important implications for nuclear and astroparticle physics.\\nHere I give a brief update, where I summarize the current status of\\nthree-neutrino oscillation parameters from current solar, atmospheric, reactor\\nand accelerator neutrino data, discuss the case for sterile neutrinos and LSND,\\nand also the importance of tritium and double beta decay experiments probing\\nthe absolute scale of neutrino mass. In this opininated look at the present of\\nneutrino physics, I keep an eye in the future, and a perspective of the past,\\ntaking the oportunity to highlight Joe Schechter's pioneering contribution,\\nwhich I have had the fortune to share, as his PhD student back in the early\\neighties.\\n