julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Facing a second death : narrating and silencing hell in the works of Gregory of Tours
2017-01-01

This paper examines the use of the language of the eternal damnation as applied by Gregory, bishop of Tours, writing in the 6 th century in Merovingian Gaul.Instead of trying to elucidate the bishop's views of hell in the light of what late antique Christian authors prior to him had written on that subject, this paper takes the writings of Gregory as a point of departure.Various types of people (who are regrouped around their religious creeds) which Gregory explicitly sees as damned are examined and the possible causes behind the application of the language of hell are adduced.The instances where Gregory chooses to refrain from the use of the language of damnation are given equal attention and the political limits of the application of the threat of hell are explored through the example of the Merovingian king Chilperic.
Dyson–Schwinger Approach to Hamiltonian QCD
2017-01-01

Dyson–Schwinger equations are an established, powerful non-perturbative tool for QCD. In the Hamiltonian formulation of a quantum field theory they can be used to perform variational calculations with non-Gaussian wave functionals. By means of the DSEs the various n-point functions, needed in expectation values of observables like the Hamilton operator, can be thus expressed in terms of the variational kernels of our trial ansatz. Equations of motion for these variational kernels are derived by minimizing the energy density and solved numerically.
Geochemistry of Aquatic Sediments
2017-01-01

The type and composition of freshwater and marine sediments are key factors in environmental research of (a) natural processes such as sediment transport and accumulation, biodiversity, and biogeochemical reactions within sediments and (b) evaluation of source and progress of contamination, as aquatic sediments act as a sink for nonorganic and organic toxic substances. Above certain levels, such substances could harm biological diversity and human health. Geochemical investigations of aquatic sediments in fluvial, lacustrine, estuarine, and marine environments are of fundamental interest for the assessment of natural ecosystems and the level of pollution that potentially harms them. Detailed determination of the chemical constituents of aquatic sediments assists in detecting sources of pollution as sewage, industry, agriculture, abandoned and active mines, landfills, harbor activities, and oil drilling [leakage]. In addition, natural anomalies may indicate mineral resources in a particular region. New methods and approaches for sampling and analysis are continuously being introduced in aquatic sediment research. More attention is given to qualitative and quantitative monitoring of sediment and sediment fluxes, which is regularly established in most European countries and many others worldwide. Unfortunately, uniform legislation of sediment quality [and load] still does not exist on an international level and in most countries does not exist even on the national level. Therefore, more attention should be given to further expansion of sediment monitoring and of establishing criteria for assessing sediment quality and legislative for toxic inorganic and organic pollutants.
The Objectives of Sharia between Tradition and Modernity – A Comparative Study
2017-01-01

The Objectives of Sharia between Tradition and Modernity – A Comparative Study Mahmud El-Wereny Abstract The notion of maqāṣid ash-sharīʿa (“purposes of the Sharia”) has given rise to various debates since its inception relating to Islamic legal questions. Today, many scholars and Muftis still resort to these objectives for their legal opinions (fatāwā sg. fatwā). However, due to unprecedented modern living circumstances, some broadened the traditional inherited understanding of maqāṣid, in order to face the challenges of the contemporary world. The present paper attempts to compare the understandings of maqāṣid of a traditional, medieval scholar Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī (d. 1111) with a contemporary scholar Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī (b. 1926) to show the scope of differences between them. Al-Ghazālī is famous for articulating the concept of maqāṣid in an authoritative and lasting manner. Al-Qaraḍāwī is one of the most influential and popular Sunni scholars today. Reading them together sheds light on the intricacies of Islamic legal thought past and present. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jisc.v5n1a5
The Costs of Economic Nationalism: Evidence from the Brexit Experiment
2017-01-01

Economic nationalism is on the rise. What are the costs of cutting back international economic integration and rising policy uncertainty? We use the unexpected outcome of the Brexit vote in June 2016 as a natural macroeconomic experiment to study the costs of economic disintegration and their causes. As a methodological innovation, we propose a novel combination of synthetic control methods to identify the output loss caused by the Brexit vote, conjoined with an expectations-augmented vector autoregression to understand its drivers. Using the synthetic control, we first show that forward looking households and businesses have lowered spending in response to the Brexit vote, causing an output loss of close to 2 percent. Decomposition of the VAR estimates shows that shocks to economic policy uncertainty and growth expectations in the quarter following the Brexit vote explain almost the entire output loss. While higher uncertainty accounts for much of the initial output drop, the economic costs increase over time because of a downward revision of output growth expectations. Overall, both uncertainty and growth expectations account for about one half of the total economic costs of the Brexit vote. Linking quasi-experimental identification to structural time series variance decomposition, our study exposes not only the aggregate costs of the UK’s expected economic disintegration from Europe but also specifies the channels through which the Brexit vote affected the macroeconomy.
Hamiltonian approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge: Gribov’s confinement scenario at work
2017-01-01

I will review essential features of the Hamiltonian approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge showing that Gribov's confinement scenario is realized in this gauge. For this purpose I will discuss in detail the emergence of the horizon condition and the Coulomb string tension. I will show that both are induced by center vortex gauge field configurations, which establish the connection between Gribov's confinement scenario and the center vortex picture of confinement. I will then extend the Hamiltonian approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge to finite temperatures, first by the usual grand canonical ensemble and second by the compactification of a spatial dimension. I will present results for the pressure, energy density and interaction measure as well as for the Polyakov loop.
Hamiltonian approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge at zero and finite temperature
2017-01-01

I report on recent results obtained within the Hamiltonian approach to QCD in\\nCoulomb gauge. By relating the Gribov confinement scenario to the center vortex\\npicture of confinement it is shown that the Coulomb string tension is tied to\\nthe spatial string tension. For the quark sector a vacuum wave functional is\\nused which results in variational equations which are free of ultraviolet\\ndivergences. The variational approach is extended to finite temperatures by\\ncompactifying a spatial dimension. For the chiral and deconfinement phase\\ntransition pseudo-critical temperatures of 170 MeV and 198 MeV, respectively,\\nare obtained.\\n
Effect of theηηchannel and interference phenomena in the two-pion transitions of charmonia and bottomonia
2017-01-01

The basic shape of di-pion mass spectra in the two-pion transitions of both\\ncharmonia and bottomonia states is explained by an unified mechanism based on\\ncontributions of the , and coupled channels\\nincluding their interference. The role of the individual resonances in\\nshaping the di-pion mass distributions in the charmonia and bottomonia decays\\nis considered.\\n
Finite temperature and the Polyakov loop in the covariant variational approach to Yang-Mills Theory
2017-01-01

\\nWe extend the covariant variational approach for Yang-Mills theory in Landau gauge to non-zero temperatures. Numerical solutions for the thermal propagators are presented and compared to high-precision lattice data. To study the deconfinement phase transition, we adapt the formalism to background gauge and compute the effective action of the Polyakov loop for the colour groups SU(2) and SU(3). Using the zero-temperature propagators as input, all parameters are fixed at T = 0 and we find a clear signal for a deconfinement phase transition at finite temperatures, which is second order for SU(2) and first order for SU(3). The critical temperatures obtained are in reasonable agreement with lattice data.\\n
Reasoning-Supported Robustness Validation of Automotive E/E Components
2017-01-01

This paper presents an ontology-supported approach to tackle the complexity of the Robustness Validation (RV) process of automotive electrical/electronic (E/E) components. The approach uses formalized knowledge from the RV process and stress, operating, and load profiles, so-called Mission Profiles (MPs). In contrast to the error-prone industrially established manual procedure, we show how component characteristics are formalized in OWL in order to form the foundation of an efficient automated analysis selection and decision support during the RV process. The proposed approach is based on the idea of mapping MPs to an OWL representation so to allow to perform semantic queries against MP data to improve their integration into the RV process. The resulting ontology-supported application framework has been applied to an industrial use-case from automotive power electronics. We present experimental results showing that the RV process can be significantly improved in terms of reduced design time and increased exhaustiveness by automating the analyses selection step and the provisioning of all the relevant data to be used.
Eye-tracking as a tool to evaluate functional ability in everyday tasks in glaucoma
2017-01-01

To date, few studies have investigated the eye movement patterns of individuals with glaucoma while they undertake everyday tasks in real-world settings. While some of these studies have reported possible compensatory gaze patterns in those with glaucoma who demonstrated good task performance despite their visual field loss, little is known about the complex interaction between field loss and visual scanning strategies and the impact on task performance and, consequently, on quality of life. We review existing approaches that have quantified the effect of glaucomatous visual field defects on the ability to undertake everyday activities through the use of eye movement analysis. Furthermore, we discuss current developments in eye-tracking technology and the potential for combining eye-tracking with virtual reality and advanced analytical approaches. Recent technological developments suggest that systems based on eye-tracking have the potential to assist individuals with glaucomatous loss to maintain or even improve their performance on everyday tasks and hence enhance their long-term quality of life. We discuss novel approaches for studying the visual search behavior of individuals with glaucoma that have the potential to assist individuals with glaucoma, through the use of personalized programs that take into consideration the individual characteristics of their remaining visual field and visual search behavior.
Phonon Dephasing in Bulk and Monolayer MoS2
2017-01-01

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text L. Sun, K. Tran, S. Roesch, J. Choi, E. Priego, G. Moody, Y. Chang, K. L. Silverman, R. P. Mirin, and X. Li, "Phonon Dephasing in Bulk and Monolayer MoS2," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2017), paper FTh3F.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
What phoneme networks tell us about the age of language families
2017-01-01

Age estimation of language families is an important task in historical linguistics. In our study we present an approach that utilizes information about the diversity across sound inventories of language families for the task of age estimation. Our approach involves three steps: (1) the construction of a phoneme network, which is a bipartite network structure that represents language families and its phoneme inventories in network-theoretic terms, (2) the reconstruction of such a real-world data network in form of a preferential attachment synthetic process, and (3) the detection of the optimal preferential attachment noise parameter, for which the synthetic network is the best approximation of the real-world data network. Our statistical analysis reveals that the optimal noise parameter appears to be a good predictor for the age of a language family.
William Robertson Smith, Solomon Schechter and contemporary Judaism
2017-01-01

During Solomon Schechter's first years in the University of Cambridge, one of his most illustrious colleagues was the Scottish Old Testament scholar and Arabist William Robertson Smith (1846-1894), who is today considered to be among the founding fathers of comparative religious studies.Smith was the son of a minister of the strongly evangelical Free Church of Scotland, which had constituted itself in 1843 as a rival to the state-controlled established Church of Scotland.Appointed Professor of Old Testament Exegesis in the Free Church College Aberdeen at the early age of twenty-four, Smith soon came
Measurement of temperature dependent heat flow rate from human limbs towards thermoelectric cooling device
2017-01-01

Regulated cooling devices promise improved outcomes with respect to pain relief and speed of rehabilitation after injuries of the musko-skeletal system when compared to frozen ice cooling pads.Their proper design, however, requires knowledge about heat flow rate from the human body as a function of temperature and location on the body.Accordingly, a measurement device was developed and applied to the measurement of heat flow rate from different locations on the limbs of a male individual.Heat flow rates ranging from 30mW/cm 2 @ 25°C to 62mW/cm 2 @ 15°C were determined. HighlightsHeatflow through human skin Measurement system enabling measurement of heat flow rate as a function of temperature and location on the body Graphical
Accounting for segregation employing granular solid hydrodynamics
2017-01-01

\\nGranular solid hydodynamics (GSH) is generalized to account for segregation. The necessary change is minimal, and consists in introducing the concentration c as an additional variable. There is no need for the stress and velocity of every population. GSH’s functionality with respect to all other granular phenomena – from elasto-plastic motion and shear band to the μ(I)-rheology – is preserved.\\n
ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER RESPONSE AND SOIL MOISTURE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE MUGELLO BASIN (CENTRAL ITALY)
2017-01-01

Extreme meteorological events such as heavy rainstorms are considered to increase due to global warming. The consequences of such events can be manifold, and might cause massive interferences of the hydrological system of a landscape. Particularly the intramontane basins of the Apennine in Italy are frequently threatened by extreme rainfall events that cause severe damage on buildings and infrastructure. Moreover, the lithological and geomorphological settings of these basins, which depict the products of a complex landscape history, amplify these threats. In order to develop possible mitigation strategies, it is crucial to assess landscape functioning by analysing hydrological processes of the landscape system. In this study, we conducted spatially distributed and dynamic hydrological modelling on a catchment in the intramontane basin of the Mugello valley in Tuscany, Italy. Foremost, measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity and texture analyses were performed to estimate both infiltration and hydraulic conductivity of the surface and topsoil, respectively. We regionalised the collected data with a stochastic gradient treeboost method for the whole catchment. Soil depth was estimated with a simple sine-cosine-slope relation, whereas, hydropedologic parameters for the hydrological model were estimated with pedotransferfunctions applied on the collected infiltration data. We modelled a period of 100 days, representing each day per time step. A synthetic rainfall period was compiled based on measured data from meteorological stations within the Mugello basin. To produce a reliable synthetic rainfall data set, the estimated precipitation values were set in comparison to calculated return periods for extreme events of all available meteorological station. To assess the diversity of the hydrological response of several locations in the catchment, six semirandom test locations were located on hillslopes and spots were sedimentation is apparent. The results show that groundwater and soil moisture fluctuations appear to be significantly different for both hillslopes and areas were sediments are deposited. The differences cannot be explained by the topographical settings but rather by the approximated thickness of the weathered zone and the spatial diversity of the hydropedological properties of the soil.
Why granular media are thermal after all
2017-01-01

\\nTwo approaches exist to account for granular behavior. The thermal one considers the total entropy, which includes microscopic degrees of freedom such as phonons; the athermal one (as with the Edward entropy) takes grains as elementary. Granular solid hydrodynamics (GSH) belongs to the first, DEM, granular kinetic theory and athermal statistical mechanics (ASM) to the second. A careful discussion of their conceptual differences is given here. Three noteworthy insights or results are: (1) While DEM and granular kinetic theory are well justified to take grains as elementary, any athermal entropic consideration is bound to run into trouble. (2) Many general principles are taken as invalid in granular media. Yet within the thermal approach, energy conservation and fluctuation-dissipation theorem remain valid, granular temperatures equilibrate, and phase space is well explored in a grain at rest. Hence these are abnormalities of the athermal approximation, not of granular media as such. (3) GSH is a wide-ranged continuum mechanical description of granular dynamics.\\n
A3.3 - Solid contact ion selective electrodes (ISE) for applications in life sciences, biotechnology and environmental monitoring – Technology and Performance
2017-01-01

Multiple applications exist for low-cost solid-contact ion selective electrodes (sc-ISE) in medicine, biotechnology, environmental monitoring, and food production.The objective of this study is to provide technology and demonstrate proof of concept for solid contact sensors that are sensitive, selective, allow for sterilization, exhibit long shelf life and short run-in time, and are biocompatible, biostable and possibly even allow for calibration free operation or in situ recalibration, respectively.We present a novel solid contact technology based on hydrophobic carbon formulations and demonstrate enhanced stability and reduced spread and drift of electrode potentials obtained thereby.Integration of sensor arrays with microfluidics yields a sensor probe intended for multi-modal detection requiring only very small sample volume.In addition, in situ recalibration enabled by microfluidics is anticipated to enable long-term unattended operation in the future.(Suppl.Info: https://datenwolke.nmi.de/
Angular correlations in the prompt neutron emission in spontaneous fission of252Cf
2017-01-01

An experiment aiming at the detailed investigation of angular correlations in the neutron emission from spontaneous fission of 252Cf has been performed at IPHC Strasbourg using the angle-sensitive double ionization chamber CODIS for measuring fission fragments and a set of 60 DEMON scintillator counters for neutron detection. The main aim of the experiment is to search for an anisotropy of neutron emission in the center-of-mass system of the fragments. The present status of the data analysis and the full Monte-Carlo simulation of the experiment are reported in the present paper.
Cryo-Recanalization of Huge Endobronchial Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma
2017-01-01

We were able to recanalize the major lumen of the right main bronchial branch, which was completely blocked because of huge tumor mass from the right upper lobe. With the cryo-therapy, we could freeze and remove the major portion of this huge tumor mass.
Search for neutrinoless double beta decay with GERDA phase II
2017-01-01

The GERmanium Detector Array (gerda) experiment, located at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory in Italy, is one of the leading experiments for the search of 0 nu beta beta decay. In Phase II of the experiment 35.6 kg of enriched germanium detectors are operated. The application of active background rejection methods, such as a liquid argon scintillation light read-out and pulse shape discrimination of germanium detector signals, allowed to reduce the background index to the intended level of 10(-3) cts/(keV.kg.yr). In the first five month of data taking 10.8 kg yr of exposure were accumulated. No signal has been found and together with data from Phase I a new limit for the neutrinoless double beta decay half-life of Ge-76 of 5.3 . 10(25) yr at 90% C.L. was established in June 2016. Phase II data taking is ongoing and will allow the exploration of half-lifes in the 1026 yr regime. The current status of data taking and an update on the background index are presented.
Religious Exemption, Justice, and Territories around the Year 1000: The Forgeries of Worms
2017-01-01

While immunities were perhaps the most important form of religious exemption in the medieval West throughout the Middle Ages, they have not been studied extensively for the period around the turn of the millennium. This paper treats immunities from the perspective of the institutions that received them, drawing on the example of the bishops of Worms in southwestern Germany. Two questions are asked: 1) What did institutions expect from receiving immunities? 2) Can we tell if they had consequences in practice? The unique sources from Worms â a dossier of forged or interpolated royal charters created by Bishop Hildibald of Worms (978-998), and numerous documents connected to his successor Burchard (1000-1025) â make it possible to study these questions in depth. Hildibaldâs charters were one important starting point in the redrawing of regional power structures in favour of the church of Worms and thus its developing territorial lordship. In part, they expanded property and immunity rights, but Hildibaldâs forgeries were mostly concerned with specifying and defining the terms of immunity that his church already possessed in face of regional competition by the monastery of Lorsch and by the Salian dukes and counts. This suggests that practical advantages in terms of income and power were what made immunities interesting for a church. Hildibaldâs successor Burchard used his close ties to Emperor Henry II to achieve a large degree of independence from these regional political powers, relying in part on Hildibaldâs forged charters. As a result of this, the countsâ powers in and around Worms were all but abolished, and judicial matters lay in the hand of the bishop. These changes in the regional power structure were accompanied by outbreaks of violence, which were countered by the emperorâs intervention and the promulgation of new laws by the bishop.