julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Real time person detection and tracking by mobile robots using RGB-D images
2014-12-01

Detecting and tracking humans are key problems for human-robot interaction. In this paper we present an algorithm for mobile robots to detect and track people reliably, even when humans go through different illumination conditions, often change in a wide variety of poses, and are frequently occluded. We have improved the performance of face and upper body detection to quickly find people in each frame. This combination enhances the efficiency of human detection in dealing with partial occlusions and changes in human poses. To cope with the higher challenges of complex changes of human poses and occlusions, we at the same time combine a fast compressive tracker with a Kalman filter to track the detected humans. Experimental results on a challenging database show that our method achieves high performance and can run in real time on mobile robots.
Long-term Outcome Prediction after a Traumatic Brain Injury Using Early Somatosensory and Acoustic Evoked Potentials: Analysis of the Predictive Value of the Different Single Components of the Potentials
2014-12-01

In this study, the use of single components of the SSEP and EAEP per se could not predict the long-term clinical outcome after TBI. Combined systems such as the Riffel Score are necessary in order to achieve this goal.
Towards automated comparison of eye-tracking recordings in dynamic scenes
2014-12-01

Experiments involving eye-tracking usually require analysis of large data. While there is a rich landscape of tools to extract information about fixations and saccades from such data, the analysis at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., comparison of visual scanpaths between subjects) is still performed manually. Especially, the comparison of scanpaths derived from dynamic scenarios, where the observer is in permanent interaction with her environment, is highly challenging. In this work we (i) introduce a new work-flow for automated scanpath comparison in dynamic environments, which combines image processing, object tracking, and sequence comparison algorithms, and (ii) provide a new data set for performance evaluation of scanpath comparison methods that was extracted from eye-tracking data during an interactive tea-cooking task, referring to the experiments by Land et al. [1]. Furthermore, to showcase the applicability of our work-flow, we applied our method to the above data set to find differences in visual behavior between several runs for the tea-cooking task.
Functional neuroimaging of human vocalizations and affective speech
2014-12-01

Abstract Neuroimaging studies have verified the important integrative role of the basal ganglia during affective vocalizations. They, however, also point to additional regions supporting vocal monitoring, auditory–motor feedback processing, and online adjustments of vocal motor responses. For the case of affective vocalizations, we suggest partly extending the model to fully consider the link between primate-general and human-specific neural components.
Siloxide Complexes of Chromium(II), Manganese(II), Cobalt(II), and Chromium(III) Incorporating Potassium(I)
2014-12-01

Abstract Heteroleptic ate complexes of the type K[M{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 2 {OSi(O t Bu) 3 }] (M = Cr, Mn, Co) were synthesized by adding one equivalent of the potassium salt KOSi(O t Bu) 3 to the bis(trimethylsilyl)amide precursors [Cr{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 2 (thf) 2 ], [Mn{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 2 (thf)] and [Co{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 2 (thf)], respectively. Surprisingly, the reaction of CrCl 3 (thf) 3 with only two equivalents of KOSi(O t Bu) 3 yielded the homoleptic ate complex K[Cr{OSi(O t Bu) 3 } 4 ]. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and DRIFT spectroscopy as well as X-ray crystallography.
Asymptotic hitting probabilities for the Bolthausen-Sznitman coalescent
2014-12-01

The probability h ( n , m ) that the block counting process of the Bolthausen-Sznitman n -coalescent ever visits the state m is analyzed. It is shown that the asymptotic hitting probabilities h ( m ) = lim n →∞ h ( n , m ), m ∈ N , exist and an integral formula for h ( m ) is provided. The proof is based on generating functions and exploits a certain convolution property of the Bolthausen-Sznitman coalescent. It follows that h ( m ) ∼ 1/log m as m → ∞. An application to linear recursions is indicated.
New species of Cyclodontina from Bahia, Brazil (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Odontostomidae)
2014-12-01

A new species of pulmonate snail was recently collected in a small forest fragment in the city of Bom Jesus da Lapa, Bahia state, Brazil. Bahia is known for a high diversity of land snails and Bom Jesus da Lapa is an interesting locality, since it is close to the interface between two major Brazilian biomes: Cerrado and Caatinga. The new species is described as Cyclodontina tapuia sp. nov. and can be easily identified by its brown shell, conical spire, convex whorls, a sculpture comprised of strong ribs, and an aperture with four barriers: a median parietal tooth, a median palatal tooth, a median basal tooth and a strong columellar lamella. This discovery is also a reminder of how little the Brazilian continental molluscan fauna is known and of the urgency in studying and preserving the rich (though usually overlooked) fauna of the Caatinga.
Large conductance Ca2+-activated K+channels (BK) promote secretagogue-induced transition from spiking to bursting in murine anterior pituitary corticotrophs
2014-12-01

Anterior pituitary corticotroph cells are a central component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis essential for the neuroendocrine response to stress. Corticotrophs are excitable cells that receive input from two hypothalamic secretagogues, corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) to control the release of adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH). Although corticotrophs are spontaneously active and increase in excitability in response to CRH and AVP the patterns of electrical excitability and underlying ionic conductances are poorly understood. In this study, we have used electrophysiological, pharmacological and genetic approaches coupled with mathematical modeling to investigate whether CRH and AVP promote distinct patterns of electrical excitability and to interrogate the role of large conductance calcium- and voltage-activated (BK) channels in spontaneous and secretagogue-induced activity. We reveal that BK channels do not play a significant role in the generation of spontaneous activity but are critical for the transition to bursting in response to CRH. In contrast, AVP promotes an increase in single spike frequency, a mechanism independent of BK channels but dependent on background non-selective conductances. Co-stimulation with CRH and AVP results in complex patterns of excitability including increases in both single spike frequency and bursting. The ability of corticotroph excitability to be differentially regulated by hypothalamic secretagogues provides a mechanism for differential control of corticotroph excitability in response to different stressors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Rotated parallel mapping: A novel approach for mapping data parallel applications on CGRAs
2014-12-01

In this paper we present a new way of mapping data-parallel applications on coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures (CGRAs) to increase their performance. Traditional mapping approaches aim to map an application to a minimum number of contexts. In this work we gave up this idea. We propose to use the temporal domain with multiple contexts, as the preferred mapping domain. The benefit of this approach is that enough free resources are made accessible for a parallel execution of a datapath, which enables a higher utilization of a CGRA's resources, and thus a performance increase can be achieved. To show the validity of the proposed method, the speedup of various applications is evaluated using both, theoretical and experimental studies. The results show a performance improvement of up to 122% when compared to traditional application mapping techniques.
The Challenging Task of Governing Cross-Border Investment in Peripheral Regions: Polish Investors in Northeast Germany
2014-12-01

Abstract The article investigates the challenging task of governing cross-border investment in peripheral regions. The main objective is to identify common opportunities and obstacles in the Pomerania Euroregion by taking the case study of Polish citizens/ entrepreneurs investing in northeast Germany. This relatively new phenomenon is accompanied by large uncertainties and risks, and lacks further empirical insights. At the same time it breaks new ground, creates alternatives, calls for the development of efficient modes of cross-border cooperation and addresses mutual governance issues on an inter-regional basis between manifold stakeholders on both sides of the border. The case study summarises findings from fieldwork, elaborates a quantitative and qualitative assessment of cross-border governance measures within formal and informal institutions, and tries to formulate policy recommendations for prospective approaches
Die Auferweckung des Lazarus in den gottesdienstlichen Hymnen der Orthodoxen Kirche
2014-12-01

Abstract This essay investigates the liturgical hymns of the Orthodox Church referring to the Johannine story of the Raising of Lazarus (Jn. 11:1-44). These hymns are especially sung at the Services of the Saturday before Palm Sunday known as the Saturday of the holy and righteous Lazarus. The relevant hymns are deep theological interpretations of the Johannine story and therefore an important contribution to the history of exegesis of the Gospel according to St John.
Die Strukturchemie der 2-Chalkogeno-1,3,4,5-tetraisopropylimidazoline / The Structural Chemistry of the 2-Chalcogeno-1,3,4,5-tetraisopropylimidazolines
2014-12-01

Abstract 1,3,4,5-Tetraisopropyl-2-thioimidazoline (6b) was prepared by condensation of N,N′-diisopropylthiourea and isobutyroin. 1,3,4,5-Tetraisopropyl-2-oxoimidazoline (6a), 1,3,4,5-tetraisopropyl-2- selenoimidazoline (6c) and 1,3,4,5-tetraisopropyl-2-telluroimidazoline (6d) were obtained from 2,3- dihydro-1,3,4,5-tetraisopropylimidazol-2-ylidene and dinitrogen oxide or selenium and tellurium, respectively. The crystal structure analyses revealed the presence of the A-type rotamer for 6a while for 6c a paddlewheel-like orientation of the isopropyl substituents was found (I type). In crystals of 6b, both A- and E-type molecules are present while in solution at room temperature the I-type rotamer is detected. A dynamic 1 H and 13 C{ 1 H} NMR study of 6b in the range of 185.5 to 423.3K revealed a temperature-dependent rotation of the isopropyl substituents (ΔH‡ = 15:7(9) kcal mol -1 , ΔS‡ = -5(3) calK -1 mol -1 , ΔG‡ = 17:2(9) kcal mol -1 ) with I as the rotamer of lowest energy. This result is confirmed by MO calculations which indicate A and C being the next stable rotamers. The barrier of rotation of the isopropyl substituents about the C-N bond from I to C (B3LYP ΔH‡ =13:7 kcal mol -1 ,ΔG‡ =15:4 kcal mol -1 ) is slightly lower than that about the C-C bond from I to G.
The Higher the Better? A Comparative Analysis of Sociodemographic Characteristics and Human Capital of German Federal Government Members
2014-12-01

Scharfenkamp K, Dilger A. The Higher the Better? A Comparative Analysis of Sociodemographic Characteristics and Human Capital of German Federal Government Members. &lt;em&gt;German Politics and Society&lt;/em&gt;. 2014;32(4):21-38.
The MPI Emotional Body Expressions Database for Narrative Scenarios
2014-12-02

Emotion expression in human-human interaction takes place via various types of information, including body motion. Research on the perceptual-cognitive mechanisms underlying the processing of natural emotional body language can benefit greatly from datasets of natural emotional body expressions that facilitate stimulus manipulation and analysis. The existing databases have so far focused on few emotion categories which display predominantly prototypical, exaggerated emotion expressions. Moreover, many of these databases consist of video recordings which limit the ability to manipulate and analyse the physical properties of these stimuli. We present a new database consisting of a large set (over 1400) of natural emotional body expressions typical of monologues. To achieve close-to-natural emotional body expressions, amateur actors were narrating coherent stories while their body movements were recorded with motion capture technology. The resulting 3-dimensional motion data recorded at a high frame rate (120 frames per second) provides fine-grained information about body movements and allows the manipulation of movement on a body joint basis. For each expression it gives the positions and orientations in space of 23 body joints for every frame. We report the results of physical motion properties analysis and of an emotion categorisation study. The reactions of observers from the emotion categorisation study are included in the database. Moreover, we recorded the intended emotion expression for each motion sequence from the actor to allow for investigations regarding the link between intended and perceived emotions. The motion sequences along with the accompanying information are made available in a searchable MPI Emotional Body Expression Database. We hope that this database will enable researchers to study expression and perception of naturally occurring emotional body expressions in greater depth.
Î³Î´ T Cell-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity with CD19 Antibodies Assessed by an Impedance-Based Label-Free Real-Time Cytotoxicity Assay
2014-12-02

γδ T cells are not MHC restricted, elicit cytotoxicity against various malignancies, are present in early post-transplant phases in novel stem cell transplantation strategies and have been shown to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). These features make γδ T cells promising effector cells for antibody-based immunotherapy in pediatric patients with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To evaluate combination of human γδ T cells with CD19 antibodies for immunotherapy of B-lineage ALL, γδ T cells were expanded after a GMP-compliant protocol and ADCC of both primary and expanded γδ T cells with an Fc-optimized CD19 antibody (4G7SDIE) and a bi-specific antibody with the specificities CD19 and CD16 (N19-C16) was evaluated in CD107a-degranulation assays and intracellular cytokine staining. CD107a, TNFα, and IFNγ expression of primary γδ T cells were significantly increased and correlated with CD16-expression of γδ T cells. γδ T cells highly expressed CD107a after expansion and no further increased expression by 4G7SDIE and N19-C16 was measured. Cytotoxicity of purified expanded γδ T cells targeting CD19-expressing cells was assessed in both europium-TDA release and in an impedance-based label-free method (using the xCELLigence system) measuring γδ T cell lysis in real-time. Albeit in the 2 h end-point europium-TDA release assay no increased lysis was observed, in real-time xCELLigence assays both significant antibody-independent cytotoxicity and ADCC of γδ T cells were observed. The xCELLigence system outperformed the end-point europium-TDA release assay in sensitivity and allows drawing of conclusions to lysis kinetics of γδ T cells over prolonged periods of time periods. Combination of CD19 antibodies with primary as well as expanded γδ T cells exhibits a promising approach, which may enhance clinical outcome of patients with pediatric B-lineage ALL and requires clinical evaluation.
The Staphylococcus aureus NuoL-Like Protein MpsA Contributes to the Generation of Membrane Potential
2014-12-02

ABSTRACT In aerobic microorganisms, the entry point of respiratory electron transfer is represented by the NADH:quinone oxidoreductase. The enzyme couples the oxidation of NADH with the reduction of quinone. In the type 1 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Ndh1), this reaction is accompanied by the translocation of cations, such as H + or Na + . In Escherichia coli , cation translocation is accomplished by the subunit NuoL, thus generating membrane potential (Δψ). Some microorganisms achieve NADH oxidation by the alternative, nonelectrogenic type 2 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Ndh2), which is not cation translocating. Since these enzymes had not been described in Staphylococcus aureus , the goal of this study was to identify proteins operating in the NADH:quinone segment of its respiratory chain. We demonstrated that Ndh2 represents a NADH:quinone oxidoreductase in S. aureus . Additionally, we identified a hypothetical protein in S. aureus showing sequence similarity to the proton-translocating subunit NuoL of complex I in E. coli : the NuoL-like protein MpsA. Mutants with deletion of the nuoL -like gene mpsA and its corresponding operon, mpsABC ( mps for membrane potential-generating system), exhibited a small-colony-variant-like phenotype and were severely affected in Δψ and oxygen consumption rates. The MpsABC proteins did not confer NADH oxidation activity. Using an Na + /H + antiporter-deficient E. coli strain, we could show that MpsABC constitute a cation-translocating system capable of Na + transport. Our study demonstrates that MpsABC represent an important functional system of the respiratory chain of S. aureus that acts as an electrogenic unit responsible for the generation of Δψ.
Loss of Child Well-Being: A Concept for the Metrics of Neglect and Abuse Under Separation and Divorce
2014-12-02

Non-sexual forms of child abuse and maltreatment are difficult to define because they range on a continuous scale between forms of impairment, neglect, endangering, acute danger, etc. Methods to treat this quasi-continuous problem are required to allow for reliable and reproducible decision making in the fields between child welfare and child protection. An empirical list of 151 items on hostile-aggressive parenting has been assessed by 13 experts from various disciplines by means of a Delphi procedure. Assessments show large rater variability and rater bias which can be attributed, among other factors, to differing experiences and different background among raters. We present a method by which assessments can be projected on a continuous scale of a ‘relative loss of child well-being’. As a solution for decision makers we provide threshold values and reference ranges for this loss of child well-being. The quantifications suggested by the present approach can support decision making at family courts and child protection agencies and the results can be used by professionals as well as by parents to comparatively evaluate own assessments of family or custody issues.
The User-Centered Design as Novel Perspective for Evaluating the Usability of BCI-Controlled Applications
2014-12-03

Albeit research on brain-computer interfaces (BCI) for controlling applications has expanded tremendously, we still face a translational gap when bringing BCI to end-users. To bridge this gap, we adapted the user-centered design (UCD) to BCI research and development which implies a shift from focusing on single aspects, such as accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR), to a more holistic user experience. The UCD implements an iterative process between end-users and developers based on a valid evaluation procedure. Within the UCD framework usability of a device can be defined with regard to its effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. We operationalized these aspects to evaluate BCI-controlled applications. Effectiveness was regarded equivalent to accuracy of selections and efficiency to the amount of information transferred per time unit and the effort invested (workload). Satisfaction was assessed with questionnaires and visual-analogue scales. These metrics have been successfully applied to several BCI-controlled applications for communication and entertainment, which were evaluated by end-users with severe motor impairment. Results of four studies, involving a total of N = 19 end-users revealed: effectiveness was moderate to high; efficiency in terms of ITR was low to high and workload low to medium; depending on the match between user and technology, and type of application satisfaction was moderate to high. The here suggested evaluation metrics within the framework of the UCD proved to be an applicable and informative approach to evaluate BCI controlled applications, and end-users with severe impairment and in the locked-in state were able to participate in this process.
Electron capture in163Ho, overlap plus exchange corrections and neutrino mass
2014-12-03

Holmium 163 offers perhaps the best chance to determine the neutrino mass by electron capture. This contribution treats the electron capture in 163 Holmium completely relativistic for the overlap and exchange corrections and the description of the bolometer Spectrum. The theoretical expressions are derived assuming single Slater determinants for the initial Ho and the final Dy Atoms. Electron capture is proportional to the probability to find the captured electron in the parent atom at the nucleus. Non-relativistically this is only possible for ns(1/2) electron states. Relativistically also p(1/2) electrons have a probability due to the lower part of the relativistic electron spinor, which does not disappear at the origin. Moreover relativistic effects increase by contraction the electron probability at the nucleus. Capture from other states are suppressed. However they can be allowed with smaller intensity due to finite nuclear size. The purpose of this work is to give a consistent relativistic formulation and treatment of the overlap and exchange corrections for electron capture in 163 Ho to excited atomic states in 163 Dy and to show the influence of the different configurations in the final Dy states. The overlap and exchange corrections are essential for the calorimetric spectrum of the deexcitation of the hole states in Dysprosium. The slope of the upper end of the spectrum, which contains the information on the electron neutrino mass, is different. In addition the effect of the finite energy resolution on the spectrum and on the determination of the neutrino mass is studied.
DNA methylation and differential gene regulation in photoreceptor cell death
2014-12-04

Abstract Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) defines a group of inherited degenerative retinal diseases causing progressive loss of photoreceptors. To this day, RP is still untreatable and rational treatment development will require a thorough understanding of the underlying cell death mechanisms. Methylation of the DNA base cytosine by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) is an important epigenetic factor regulating gene expression, cell differentiation, cell death, and survival. Previous studies suggested an involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in RP, and in this study, increased cytosine methylation was detected in dying photoreceptors in the rd1 , rd2 , P23H, and S334ter rodent models for RP. Ultrastructural analysis of photoreceptor nuclear morphology in the rd1 mouse model for RP revealed a severely altered chromatin structure during retinal degeneration that coincided with an increased expression of the DNMT isozyme DNMT3a. To identify disease-specific differentially methylated DNA regions (DMRs) on a genomic level, we immunoprecipitated methylated DNA fragments and subsequently analyzed them with a targeted microarray. Genome-wide comparison of DMRs between rd1 and wild-type retina revealed hypermethylation of genes involved in cell death and survival as well as cell morphology and nervous system development. When correlating DMRs with gene expression data, we found that hypermethylation occurred alongside transcriptional repression. Consistently, motif analysis showed that binding sites of several important transcription factors for retinal physiology were hypermethylated in the mutant model, which also correlated with transcriptional silencing of their respective target genes. Finally, inhibition of DNMTs in rd1 organotypic retinal explants using decitabine resulted in a substantial reduction of photoreceptor cell death, suggesting inhibition of DNA methylation as a potential novel treatment in RP.