julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Symptom and performance validation in patients with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment
2019-07-03

Nonauthentic symptom claims (overreporting) and invalid test results (underperformance) can regularly be expected in a forensic context, but may also occur in clinical referrals. While the applicability of symptom and performance validity tests in samples of dementia patients is well studied, the same is not true for patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A sample of 54 memory-clinic outpatients with evidence of SCD or MCI was studied. We evaluated the rate of positive results in three validity measures. A total of 7.4% of the patients showed probable negative response bias in the Word Memory Test. The rate of positive results on the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology was 14.8% while only one participant (1.9%) scored positive on the Self-Report Symptom Inventory using the standard cutoff. The two questionnaires were moderately correlated at .67. In a combined analysis of all results, five of the patients (9.3%) were judged to show evidence of probable negative response bias (or probably feigned neurocognitive impairment). In the current study, a relatively small but nontrivial rate of probable response distortions was found in a memory-clinic sample. However, it remains a methodological challenge for this kind of research to reliably distinguish between false-positive and correct-positive classifications in clinical patient groups.
Effective non-adiabatic Hamiltonians for the quantum nuclear motion over coupled electronic states
2019-07-03

The quantum mechanical motion of the atomic nuclei is considered over a single- or a multidimensional subspace of electronic states which is separated by a gap from the rest of the electronic spectrum over the relevant range of nuclear configurations. The electron-nucleus Hamiltonian is block-diagonalized up to O(εn+1) through a unitary transformation of the electronic subspace, and the corresponding nth-order effective Hamiltonian is derived for the quantum nuclear motion. Explicit but general formulas are given for the second- and the third-order corrections. As a special case, the second-order Hamiltonian corresponding to an isolated electronic state is recovered which contains the coordinate-dependent mass-correction terms in the nuclear kinetic energy operator. For a multidimensional, explicitly coupled electronic band, the second-order Hamiltonian contains the usual Born–Oppenheimer terms and nonadiabatic corrections, but generalized mass-correction terms appear as well. These, earlier neglected terms, perturbatively account for the outlying (discrete and continuous) electronic states not included in the explicitly coupled electronic subspace.
The Korean mother in contemporary thriller films: a Monster or just modern?
2019-07-03

This paper investigates the short-lived and easily overlooked cycle of Korean thriller films centring on mother characters in the mid-to-late-2000s. I call these films 'mother thrillers.' Through an analysis of the cycle's key recurrent characteristics, I explore the reasons behind the popularity of this cycle, as well as the social commentary offered by such films. Focus is laid primarily on Bong Joon-ho's Mother (2009) and Seven Days (dir. Won Shin-yeon, 2007) as examples of the sub-genre, though other films are also referenced. Before offering such analyses, the paper examines a film from the 1980s that can be labelled a direct precedent of contemporary mother thrillers: Park Chul-soo's Woman Requiem (1985). By first exploring this film, the paper sets a historical precedent for the contemporary cycle, while also bringing awareness to this neglected work.
Individual Differences in Math Ability Determine Neurocognitive Processing of Arithmetic Complexity: A Combined fNIRS-EEG Study
2019-07-03

Some individuals experience more difficulties with math than others, in particular when arithmetic problems get more complex. Math ability, on one hand, and arithmetic complexity, on the other hand, seem to partly share neural underpinnings. This study addresses the question of whether this leads to an interaction of math ability and arithmetic complexity for multiplication and division on behavioral and neural levels. Previously screened individuals with high and low math ability solved multiplication and division problems in a written production paradigm while brain activation was assessed by combined functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG). Arithmetic complexity was manipulated by using single-digit operands for simple multiplication problems and operands between 2 and 19 for complex multiplication problems and the corresponding division problems. On the behavioral level, individuals with low math ability needed more time for calculation, especially for complex arithmetic. On the neural level, fNIRS results revealed that these individuals showed less activation in the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG), superior temporal gyrus (STG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) than individuals with high math ability when solving complex compared to simple arithmetic. This reflects the greater use of arithmetic fact retrieval and also the more efficient processing of arithmetic complexity by individuals with high math ability. Oscillatory EEG analysis generally revealed theta and alpha desynchronization with increasing arithmetic complexity but showed no interaction with math ability. Because of the discovered interaction for behavior and brain activation, we conclude that the consideration of individual differences is essential when investigating the neurocognitive processing of arithmetic.
State of the art forensic techniques reveal evidence of interpersonal violence ca. 30,000 years ago
2019-07-03

The Cioclovina (Romania) calvaria, dated to ca. 33 cal ka BP and thought to be associated with the Aurignacian lithic industry, is one of the few relatively well preserved representatives of the earliest modern Europeans. Two large fractures on this specimen have been described as taphonomic modifications. Here we used gross and virtual forensic criteria and experimental simulations on synthetic bone models, to investigate their nature. Both forensic trauma pattern analysis and experimental models exclude a postmortem origin for the Cioclovina fractures. Rather, they indicate two incidents of blunt force trauma, the second clearly inflicted with a club-like object. The magnitude and extent of the lesions and the lack of signs of healing indicate a fatal injury. The Upper Paleolithic period is noted for intensified technological innovation, increased symbolic behavior, and cultural complexity. We show that the behavioural repertoire of the earliest modern Europeans also comprised violent inter-personal interactions and murder.
CCR8 leads to eosinophil migration and regulates neutrophil migration in murine allergic enteritis
2019-07-03

Abstract Allergic enteritis (AE) is a gastrointestinal form of food allergy. This study aimed to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms of AE using a murine model. To induce AE, BALB/c wild type (WT) mice received intraperitoneal sensitization with ovalbumin (an egg white allergen) plus ALUM and feeding an egg white (EW) diet. Microarray analysis showed enhanced gene expression of CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 8 and its ligand, chemokine CC motif ligand (CCL) 1 in the inflamed jejunum. Histological and FACS analysis showed that CCR8 knock out (KO) mice exhibited slightly less inflammatory features, reduced eosinophil accumulation but accelerated neutrophil accumulation in the jejunums, when compared to WT mice. The concentrations of an eosinophil chemoattractant CCL11 (eotaxin-1), but not of IL-5, were reduced in intestinal homogenates of CCR8KO mice, suggesting an indirect involvement of CCR8 in eosinophil accumulation in AE sites by inducing CCL11 expression. The potential of CCR8 antagonists to treat allergic asthma has been discussed. However, our results suggest that CCR8 blockade may promote neutrophil accumulation in the inflamed intestinal tissues, and not be a suitable therapeutic target for AE, despite the potential to reduce eosinophil accumulation. This study advances our knowledge to establish effective anti-inflammatory strategies in AE treatment.
Geomorphological processes, forms and features in the surroundings of the Melka Kunture Palaeolithic site, Ethiopia
2019-07-03

The landscape of the surroundings of the Melka Kunture prehistoric site, Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia, were studied intensively in the last decades. Nonetheless, the area was mainly characterized under a stratigraphic/geological and archaeological point of view. However, a detailed geomorphological map is still lacking. Hence, in this study, we identify, map and visualize geomorphological forms and processes. The morphology of the forms, as well as the related processes, were remotely sensed with available high-resolution airborne and satellite sources and calibrated and validated through extensive field work conducted in 2013 and 2014. Furthermore, we integrated multispectral satellite imagery to classify areas affected by intensive erosion processes and/or anthropic activities. The Main Map at 1:15,000 scale reveals structural landforms as well as intensive water-related degradation processes in the Upper Awash Basin. Moreover, the map is available as an interactive WebGIS application providing further information and detail (www.roceeh.net/ethiopia_geomorphological_map/).
Mistletoe-Based Drugs Work in Synergy with Radio-Chemotherapy in the Treatment of GliomaIn VitroandIn Vivoin Glioblastoma Bearing Mice
2019-07-03

Background . Extracts from Viscum album L. (VE) are used in the complementary cancer therapy in Europe for decades. VE contain several compounds like the mistletoe lectins (MLs) 1-3 and viscotoxins and also several minor ingredients. Since mistletoe lectin 1 (ML-1) has been described as the main component of VE harboring antitumor activity, purified native or recombinant ML-1 has been recently used in clinical trials. MLs stimulate the immune system, induce cytotoxicity, are able to modify the expression of cancer-associated genes, and influence the proliferation and motility of tumor cells. Objective . In this study our goal was to determine anticancer effects of the VE ISCADOR Qu, of recombinant ML-1 (Aviscumine), and of native ML-1 in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and highly malignant brain tumor in adults. Additionally we were interested whether these drugs, used in combination with a temozolomide-(TMZ)-based radio-chemotherapy, provide synergistic effects. Methods . Cell culture assays, ex vivo murine hippocampal brain slice cultures, human GBM cryosections, and a xenograft orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model were used. Results . In cells, the expression of the ML receptor CD75s, which is also expressed in GBM specimen, but not in normal brain, correlates with the drug-induced cytotoxicity. In GBM cells, the drugs induce cell death in a concentration-dependent manner and reduce cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G 2 /M phase. The cell cycle arrest was paralleled by modifications in the expression of cell cycle regulating genes. ML containing drugs, if combined with glioma standard therapy, provide synergistic and additive anticancer effects. Despite not reaching statistical significance, a single intratumoral application of Aviscumine prolonged the median survival of GBM mice longer than tumor irradiation. Moreover, intratumorally applied Aviscumine prolonged the survival of GBM-bearing mice if used in combination with irradiation and TMZ for further 6.5 days compared to the radio-chemotherapy. Conclusion . Our results suggest that an adjuvant treatment of glioma patients with ML-containing drugs might be beneficial.
Discarding social investment and redistribution in the name of austerity? The case of Finnish family policy reforms 2007—2015
2019-07-03

ABSTRACT Since the 1970s, Finland has conducted family policies that could be labelled social investments, for example, investments in work–family balance or public childcare, while at the same time it has protected the economic standard of families with children through various income transfers. However, after the 2008–2009 financial crisis these policies including those with socially investing objectives have been increasingly subjected to cuts in benefit levels and entitlements in order to lower public expenditure, which raises the question if there has been a shift away from social investments and redistribution towards austerity policies. By analysing government programs from the period 2007–2015, this article discusses if, and to what extent, such a change can be traced in the Finnish government discourse. More specifically the article studies the narrative stories used to legitimise changes (reforms) in existing family policy and to what extent these changes were informed by a social investment perspective focusing on ‘new’ social risks, a traditional redistribution perspective emphasising ‘old’ social risks, or a neoliberal austerity perspective advocating fiscal austerity and welfare cuts. We argue that the first two perspectives were dominant prior to and during the first phase of the international financial crisis, whereas the third perspective became dominant after the crisis. Moreover, the results show that the main storyline in the legitimisation of the reforms was stories of ‘progress’ in combination with stories of ‘control’ and helplessness’.
Speaking beyond borders in the sociology of sport: some points for consideration
2019-07-03

As outlined in a recent paper in this publication by Seippel (2018, p. 288), over the previous three decades the discipline of sociology of sport has become ‘a voluminous scientific field with semi...
Refined parcellation of the nervous system by algorithmic detection of hidden features within communities
2019-07-03

The nervous system can be represented as a multiscale network comprised by single cells or ensembles that are linked by physical or functional connections. Groups of morphologically and physiologically diverse neurons are wired as connectivity patterns with a certain degree of universality across species and individual variability. Thereby, community detection approaches are often used to characterize how neural units cluster into such densely interconnected groups. However, the communities may possess deeper structural features that remain undetected by current algorithms. We present a scheme for refined parcellation of neuronal networks, by identifying local integrator units (LU) that are contained in network communities. An LU is defined as a connected subnetwork in which all neuronal connections are constrained within this unit, and can be formed for instance by a set of interneurons. Our method uses the Louvain algorithm to detect communities and participation coefficients to discriminate local neurons from global hubs. The sensitivity of the algorithm for discovering LUs with respect to the choice of community detection algorithm and network parameters was tested by simulations of different synthetic networks. The appropriateness of the algorithm for real-world scenarios was demonstrated on weighted and binary Caenorhabditis elegans connectomes. The detected LUs are distinctly localized within the worm body and clearly define functional groups. This approach provides a robust, observer-independent parcellation strategy that is useful for functional structure confirmation and potentially contributes to the current efforts in quantitative whole-brain architectonics of different species as well as the analysis of functional connectivity networks.
Lexical encoding formats for multi-word expressions: The challenge of ``irregular'' regularities
2019-07-03

This chapter contributes a general overview and discussion of lexical encoding formats for multi-word expressions (MWEs) that can be used in NLP systems, in particular with large-scale grammars. The presentation is kept general in the sense that we will try to elicit basic aspects of lexical encoding and then elaborate on the specific sorts of challenges encountered when dealing with MWEs, especially the ``irregular'' regularities mentioned in the title. These insights will eventually be used to classify and evaluate different approaches to encoding. Even though this kind of evaluation cannot be conclusive given the diversity of languages and tastes, we will nevertheless argue in favor of fully flexible encoding formats exemplified with PATR-II and XMG, as opposed to the fixed encoding formats of DuELME and Walenty.
Empowering women through digital skills in Argentina
2019-07-03

“Promoting gender equality is smart development policy,” says the World Bank. In line with this narrative, many companies have promoted gender equality in terms of bridging the gender digital divide. In Argentina, a growing number of grassroots initiatives sponsored by corporations have emerged and provide training in digital and soft skills as well as entrepreneurship and leadership opportunities. Without denying the efforts, importance, and value of the work of these groups, this paper studies some of the contradictions inherent to the increasing power that corporations have in the discourse and practice of reducing the gender digital gap. My argument is that these projects contribute to reinforcing current economic, social, and geographical divides, to discriminating against gender non-conforming people, and to further limiting government intervention in this area.
A common polymorphism in the druggable ion channel PIEZO1 is associated with protection from severe malaria
2019-07-03

Abstract Malaria caused by the Apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium falciparum has served as a strong evolutionary force throughout human history, selecting for red blood cell polymorphisms that confer innate protection against severe disease. Recently, gain-of-function mutations in the mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 were shown to ameliorate Plasmodium parasite growth, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and mortality in a mouse model of malaria. In humans, the gain-of-function allele PIEZO1 E756del is highly prevalent and enriched in Africans, raising the possibility that it is under positive selection due to malaria. Here we used a case-control study design to test for an association between PIEZO1 E756del and malaria severity among children in Gabon. We found that the E756del variant is strongly associated with protection against severe malaria in heterozygotes, independent of the protection conferred by the sickle cell trait (hemoglobin AS). In vitro experiments using donor red blood cells failed to find an effect of E756del on parasite growth, suggesting this variant confers a mild channel defect and/or that its protective effect may be mediated by other tissue types in vivo . Nonetheless, we show that Yoda1, a small molecule agonist of PIEZO1, has potent antimalarial activity in both E756del and wild-type red blood cells. Our findings demonstrate that PIEZO1 is an important innate determinant of malaria susceptibility in humans and holds potential as druggable host target for malaria control.
The Role of Structural Reasoning in the Genesis of Graph Theory
2019-07-03

The seminal book on graph theory by Dénes Kőnig, published in the year 1936, collected notions and results from precursory works from the mid to late nineteenth century by Hamilton, Cayley, Sylvester and others. More importantly, Kőnig himself contributed many of his own results that he had obtained in the more than twenty years that he had been working on this subject matter. What is noteworthy is the fact that the fundamentals of what he calls directed graphs are taken almost exhaustively from Paul Hertz' 1922 article on structural reasoning about sentences of the form a→b. This is not a fact that is well known in logical circles, even though Kőnig fully acknowledges this in his book. In view of the numerous trends in the recent decades to describe and explicate logical matters by means of graphs, the fact that it was Hertz' foundation of structural reasoning that informed basic notions of graph theory in the first place is highly significant. The main goal of this paper is to summarize Hertz' article and demonstrate how Kőnig integrates the notions and results presented therein in his book. This is followed by an exposition of how and when Hertz' results were reinvented in terms of graph theory. A critical discussion of the opinion expressed by both Hertz and Kőnig that the more general sentences of the form (a1,...,an)→b, introduced by Hertz in a companion article in 1923, cannot be interpreted by graphs concludes this paper.
Book Review: Sabev, Orlin. Waiting for Müteferrika: Glimpses of Ottoman Print Culture (Istanbul: Academic Studies Press, 2018), p. 200. ISBN: 978-161-8116-18-5
2019-07-03

The new study by Orlin Sabev, Waiting for Müteferrika: Glimpses of Ottoman PrintCulture, published in the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Series of the Academic StudiesPress, deals with the curious case of Ibrahim Müteferrika’s 18th century printing press. Thetitle of Sabev’s study, which corresponds to the title of Samuel Beckett’s play ‘’Waitingfor Godot’’, signals to the reader that the topic in hand is related to a complex subject,where the question of timing of printing itself becomes controversial. The title certainlyprompts questions related to the position of a modern reader regarding the subject (Whodo we perceive as waiting? Were they really waiting?) but also tries to solve the academicconfusion regarding the issue of print in the premodern Ottoman era.
LATE to the PART-y
2019-07-04

Author(s): Josephs, Keith A; Mackenzie, Ian; Frosch, Matthew P; Bigio, Eileen H; Neumann, Manuela; Arai, Tetsuaki; Dugger, Brittany N; Ghetti, Bernardino; Grossman, Murray; Hasegawa, Masato; Herrup, Karl; Holton, Janice; Jellinger, Kurt; Lashley, Tammaryn; McAleese, Kirsty E; Parisi, Joseph E; Revesz, Tamas; Saito, Yuko; Vonsattel, Jean Paul; Whitwell, Jennifer L; Wisniewski, Thomas; Hu, William
Circumbinary discs with radiative cooling and embedded planets
2019-07-04

\\nContext. As of today, ten circumbinary planets orbiting solar type main sequence stars have been discovered. Nearly all orbit around the central binary very closely to the region of instability where it is difficult to form them in situ. Hence, it is assumed that they formed further out and then migrated to their observed position, which is determined by binary, disc and planet properties.\\nAims. We extend previous studies to a more realistic thermal disc structure and determine what parameter influence the final parking location of a planet around a binary star.\\nMethods. We performed two-dimensional numerical simulations of viscous accretion discs around a central binary. These simulations include viscous heating and radiative cooling from the disc surfaces. We vary the binary eccentricity as well as disc viscosity and mass.\\nResults. Concerning the disc evolution, we find that it can take well over 100 000 binary orbits until an equilibrium state is reached. As seen previously, we find that the central cavity opened by the binary becomes eccentric and precesses slowly in a prograde sense. Embedded planets migrate to the inner edge of the disc. In cases of lower disc viscosity they migrate further in maintaining a circular orbit, while for high viscosity they are parked further out on an eccentric orbit.\\nConclusions. Discs around binary stars are eccentric, and precess very slowly around the binary. The final location of an embedded planet is linked to its ability to open a gap in the disc. Gap-opening planets separate inner from outer disc, preventing eccentricity excitation in the latter and making it more circular. This allows embedded planets to migrate closer to the binary, in agreement with the observations. The necessary conditions for gap opening and the final planet position depend on the planet mass and disc viscosity.\\n