julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Navigating Through Electronic Health Records: Survey Study on Medical Students’ Perspectives in General and With Regard to a Specific Training (Preprint)
2018-10-30

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> An electronic health record (EHR) is the state-of-the-art method for ensuring all data concerning a given patient are up to date for use by multidisciplinary hospital teams. Therefore, medical students need to be trained to use health information technologies within this environment from the early stages of their education. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> As little is known about the effects of specific training within the medical curriculum, this study aimed to develop a course module and evaluate it to offer best practice teaching for today’s students. Moreover, we looked at the acceptance of new technologies such as EHRs. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> Fifth-year medical students (N=104) at the University of Tübingen took part in a standardized two-day training procedure about the advantages and risks of EHR use. After the training, students performed their own EHR entries on hypothetical patient cases in a safe practice environment. In addition, questionnaires—standardized and with open-ended questions—were administered to assess students’ experiences with a new teaching module, a newly developed EHR simulator, the acceptance of the health technology, and their attitudes toward it before and after training. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> After the teaching, students rated the benefit of EHR training for medical knowledge significantly higher than before the session (mean 3.74, SD 1.05). However, they also had doubts about the long-term benefit of EHRs for multidisciplinary coworking after training (mean 1.96, SD 0.65). The special training with simulation software was rated as helpful for preparing students (88/102, 86.2%), but they still did not feel safe in all aspects of EHR. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> A specific simulated training on using EHRs helped students improve their knowledge and become more aware of the risks and challenges of such a system. Overall, students welcomed the new training module and supported the integration of EHR teaching into the medical curriculum. Further studies are needed to optimize training modules and make use of long-term feedback opportunities a simulated system offers. </sec>
A large-scale survey on finger counting routines, their temporal stability and flexibility in educated adults
2018-10-31

A strong link between bodily activity and number processing has been established in recent years. Although numerous observations indicate that adults use finger counting (FC) in various contexts of everyday life for different purposes, existing knowledge of FC routines and their use is still limited. In particular, it remains unknown how stable the (default) FC habits are over time and how flexible they can be. To investigate these questions, 380 Polish participants completed a questionnaire on their FC routines, the stability of these routines, and the context of FC usage, preceded by the request to count on their fingers from 1 to 10. Next, the test–retest stability of FC habits was examined in 84 participants 2 months following the first session. To the best of our knowledge, such a study design has been adopted for the first time. The results indicate that default FC routines of the majority of participants (75%) are relatively stable over time. At the same time, FC routines can flexibly adapt according to the situation (e.g., when holding an object). As regards prevalence, almost all participants, in line with previous findings on Western individuals, declared starting from the closed palm and extending consecutive fingers. Furthermore, we observed relations between FC preferences and handedness (more left-handers start from the left hand) and that actual finger use is still widespread in healthy adults for a variety of activities (the most prevalent uses of FC are listing elements, presenting arguments and plans, and calendar calculations). In sum, the results show the practical relevance of FC in adulthood, the relative stability of preferences over time along with flexible adaptation to a current situation, as well as an association of FC routines with handedness. Taken together our results suggest that FC is the phenomenon, which is moderated or mediated by multiple embodied factors.
Case report of the first successful cryopreserved ovarian tissue retransplantation in China
2018-10-31

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and retransplantation has been offered as a fertility preservation approach for over a decade. At least 130 live births have been reported after frozen-thawed ovarian tissue transplantation worldwide. The first International Fertility Protection Center in China was established in 2015. Until now no live birth has been reported. However, we are able to report the first Chinese successful retransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue (September 2016) in a woman with squamous cell cervical carcinoma. Restoration of ovarian endocrine function was shown in the third month after transplantation, and after 21 months of follow-up the transplants are still active and maintaining good function. This first report of successful retransplantation represents a milestone in the field of fertility preservation in China.
Complete Decoration of the Indolyl Residue in cyclo-l-Trp-l-Trp with Geranyl Moieties by Using Engineered Dimethylallyl Transferases
2018-10-31

Mutation of the gatekeeping residues for prenyl donor selectivity in six dimethylallyl transferases significantly increased their activities toward geranyl diphosphate. Forty-two geranylated derivatives were obtained from 15 cyclic dipeptides by using the engineered enzymes. Taking cyclo-l-Trp-l-Trp as an example, the geranyl moiety can be attached to all seven possible positions of the indole nucleus. This study demonstrates a convenient way to increase the structural diversity of geranylated products by structure-based engineering of the available dimethylallyl transferases.
Effects of weight and height on hand selection: a low-cost virtual reality paradigm
2018-10-31

Abstract The main objective was to evaluate the ability of a virtual reality (VR) system to reliably detect the so-called switch-point of a user; the distinguishing plane between free-choice use of the left and right hand. Independent variables of height and weight were incorporated into the study design and their effects on hand selection were analyzed. The paradigm utilized the Leap Motion Hand Tracker, along with a custom script written in C# and was realized through a Unity3D application. Stimuli appeared in random locations on the computer screen, and required the participant to reach with the hand of their choice to contact them with a virtual hand inside the virtual space. We observed main effects of height and weight on switch-points across the group. We found increased use of the dominant hand as stimuli height increased, as well as a significant increase in overall use of the dominant hand when a 500 gram weighted glove was worn by the non-dominant hand. We validated the average switch-points in VR as compared to real-world setups in previous studies. Our results are in line with previously published real-world data, supporting the use of this paradigm in future VR experiments and applications.
TGF-β signalling is involved in torsion and shell positioning in the giant ramshorn snailMarisa cornuarietis(Gastropoda: Ampullariidae)
2018-10-31

Shell internalization has evolved convergently multiple times in numerous molluscan clades, including various gastropod families. Previous experiments on the early ontogeny of the caenogastropod Marisa cornuarietis and of a pulmonate species revealed that short-term exposure to bivalent platinum ions during embryogenesis artificially inhibited torsion and induced shell internalization, thereby causing drastic alterations of the body plan. Instead of an external shell, the embryos developed a cone-shaped internal shell. While the molecular mechanisms behind such alterations of the body plan have not yet been identified, published literature points to the involvement of TGF-β signalling in shell formation. In our study we blocked the TGF-β pathway with the inhibitor SB 431542 and examined the embryonic development for torsion, shell internalization and malformation in M. cornuarietis. Most of the individuals without outer shells, induced by SB 431542, displayed a morphologically similar phenotype to those exposed to platinum, thus providing evidence for the involvement of TGF-β signalling, not only in shell development, but also in shell positioning. Thus our work shows that changes in morphology result from inhibition of both torsion and differential outgrowth of the mantle epithelium and that unhampered TGF-β signalling is required for these processes in the early embryonic development of M. cornuarietis. Consequently, modifications of the TGF-β pathway could have been involved in the convergent evolution of internal shells in different molluscan clades.
Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America
2018-11-01

We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least ∼9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by ∼4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions.
Advancing the Science of Collaborative Problem Solving
2018-11-01

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) has been receiving increasing international attention because much of the complex work in the modern world is performed by teams. However, systematic education and training on CPS is lacking for those entering and participating in the workforce. In 2015, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), a global test of educational progress, documented the low levels of proficiency in CPS. This result not only underscores a significant societal need but also presents an important opportunity for psychological scientists to develop, adopt, and implement theory and empirical research on CPS and to work with educators and policy experts to improve training in CPS. This article offers some directions for psychological science to participate in the growing attention to CPS throughout the world. First, it identifies the existing theoretical frameworks and empirical research that focus on CPS. Second, it provides examples of how recent technologies can automate analyses of CPS processes and assessments so that substantially larger data sets can be analyzed and so students can receive immediate feedback on their CPS performance. Third, it identifies some challenges, debates, and uncertainties in creating an infrastructure for research, education, and training in CPS. CPS education and assessment are expected to improve when supported by larger data sets and theoretical frameworks that are informed by psychological science. This will require interdisciplinary efforts that include expertise in psychological science, education, assessment, intelligent digital technologies, and policy.
Outcome of Psychoanalytic and Cognitive-Behavioural Long-Term Therapy with Chronically Depressed Patients: A Controlled Trial with Preferential and Randomized Allocation
2018-11-01

Objective: For chronic depression, the effectiveness of brief psychotherapy has been limited. This study is the first comparing the effectiveness of long-term cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and long-term psychoanalytic therapy (PAT) of chronically depressed patients and the effects of preferential or randomized allocation. Methods: A total of 252 adults met the inclusion criteria (aged 21-60 years, major depression, dysthymia, double depression for at least 24 months, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms [QIDS] &gt;9, Beck Depression Inventory II [BDI] &gt;17, informed consent, not meeting exclusion criteria). Main outcome measures were depression self-rating (BDI) and rating (clinician-rated QIDS [QIDS-C]) by independent, treatment-blinded clinicians. Full remission rates (BDI ≤12, QIDS-C ≤5) were calculated. An independent center for data management and biostatistics analyzed the treatment effects and differences using linear mixed models (multilevel models and hierarchical models). Results: The average BDI declined from 32.1 points by 12.1 points over the first year and 17.2 points over 3 years. BDI overall mean effect sizes increased from d = 1.17 after 1 year to d = 1.83 after 3 years. BDI remission rates increased from 34% after 1 year to 45% after 3 years. QIDS-C overall effect sizes increased from d = 1.56 to d = 2.08, and remission rates rose from 39% after 1 year to 61% after 3 years. We found no significant differences between PAT and CBT or between preferential and randomized allocation. Conclusions: Psychoanalytic as well as cognitive-behavioural long-term treatments lead to significant and sustained improvements of depressive symptoms of chronically depressed patients exceeding effect sizes of other international outcome studies.
A Critical Analysis of Transverse Dispersivity Field Data
2018-11-01

Abstract Transverse dispersion, or tracer spreading orthogonal to the mean flow direction, which is relevant e.g, for quantifying bio‐degradation of contaminant plumes or mixing of reactive solutes, has been studied in the literature less than the longitudinal one. Inferring transverse dispersion coefficients from field experiments is a difficult and error‐prone task, requiring a spatial resolution of solute plumes which is not easily achievable in applications. In absence of field data, it is a questionable common practice to set transverse dispersivities as a fraction of the longitudinal one, with the ratio 1/10 being the most prevalent. We collected estimates of field‐scale transverse dispersivities from existing publications and explored possible scale relationships as guidance criteria for applications. Our investigation showed that a large number of estimates available in the literature are of low reliability and should be discarded from further analysis. The remaining reliable estimates are formation‐specific, span three orders of magnitude and do not show any clear scale‐dependence on the plume traveled distance. The ratios with the longitudinal dispersivity are also site specific and vary widely. The reliability of transverse dispersivities depends significantly on the type of field experiment and method of data analysis. In applications where transverse dispersion plays a significant role, inference of transverse dispersivities should be part of site characterization with the transverse dispersivity estimated as an independent parameter rather than related heuristically to longitudinal dispersivity.
Deoxygenation Prevents Arsenic Mobilization during Deepwell Injection into Sulfide-Bearing Aquifers
2018-11-01

Coal seam gas (CSG) extraction generates large volumes of coproduced water. Injection of the excess water into deep aquifers is often the most sustainable management option. However, such injection risks undesired sediment–water interactions that mobilize metal(loid)s in the receiving aquifer. This risk can be mitigated through pretreatment of the injectant. Here, we conducted a sequence of three push–pull tests (PPTs) where the injectant was pretreated using acid amendment and/or deoxygenation to identify the processes controlling the fate of metal(loid)s and to understand the treatment requirements for large-scale CSG water injection. The injection and recovery cycles were closely monitored, followed by analysis of the observations through reactive transport modeling. While arsenic was mobilized in all three PPTs, significantly lower arsenic concentrations were observed in the recovered water when the injectant was deoxygenated, regardless of pH adjustment. The breakthrough of arsenic was commensurate with molybdenum, but distinct from phosphate. This allowed for the observed and modeled arsenic and molybdenum mobilization to be attributed to a stoichiometric codissolution process during pyrite oxidation, whereas phosphate mobility was governed by sorption. Understanding the nature of these hydrochemical processes explained the greater efficiency of pretreatment by deoxygenation on minimizing metal(loid) mobilization compared to the acid amendment.
Rhodium Oxide Surface-Loaded Gas Sensors
2018-11-01

In order to increase their stability and tune-sensing characteristics, metal oxides are often surface-loaded with noble metals. Although a great deal of empirical work shows that surface-loading with noble metals drastically changes sensing characteristics, little information exists on the mechanism. Here, a systematic study of sensors based on rhodium-loaded WO3, SnO2, and In2O3—examined using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, direct current (DC) resistance measurements, operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, and operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy—is presented. Under normal sensing conditions, the rhodium clusters were oxidized. Significant evidence is provided that, in this case, the sensing is dominated by a Fermi-level pinning mechanism, i.e., the reaction with the target gas takes place on the noble-metal cluster, changing its oxidation state. As a result, the heterojunction between the oxidized rhodium clusters and the base metal oxide was altered and a change in the resistance was detected. Through measurements done in low-oxygen background, it was possible to induce a mechanism switch by reducing the clusters to their metallic state. At this point, there was a significant drop in the overall resistance, and the reaction between the target gas and the base material was again visible. For decades, noble metal loading was used to change the characteristics of metal-oxide-based sensors. The study presented here is an attempt to clarify the mechanism responsible for the change. Generalities are shown between the sensing mechanisms of different supporting materials loaded with rhodium, and sample-specific aspects that must be considered are identified.
ATIM-33. NOA-16: A FIRST-IN-MAN MULTICENTER PHASE I CLINICAL TRIAL OF THE GERMAN NEUROONCOLOGY WORKING GROUP EVALUATING A MUTATION-SPECIFIC PEPTIDE VACCINE TARGETING IDH1R132H IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED MALIGNANT ASTROCYTOMAS
2018-11-01

In preclinical studies we have defined IDH1R132H as a clonal neoantigen presented on MHC class II. A peptide vaccine encompassing IDH1R132H induces tumor-specific T helper cell responses effective in controlling syngeneic IDH1R132H-mutant tumors in humanized mouse models. NOA-16 (NCT02454634) is a first-in-man, multicenter, phase I trial testing the safety and immunogenicity of an IDH1R132H peptide in incomplete Freunds adjuvant in patients with newly diagnosed, IDH1R132H mutant WHO °III and °IV astrocytomas. Between September 2015 and October 2016, 32 patients were enrolled in seven German sites. 23 patients (71.9%) received radiochemotherapy with temozolomide, six patients (18.8%) received radiotherapy alone and three patients (9.4%) received temozolomide alone. 249 vaccines were administered, 29 (90.6%) of the patients of the safety set (N=32) and 27 (90.0%) patients of the immunogenicity set (N=30) received all eight vaccines. No regime-limiting toxicity was observed. The majority of the patients (N=29, 90.6%) experienced treatment related adverse events (trAE), 1 (3.1%) of them had treatment related SAE. None of the reported AEs were severe. 28/30 (93.3%) patients, who were evaluable for immunogenicity, displayed mutation-specific T cellular (24/30 (80%)) or humoral (26/30 patients (87%)) immune responses not detectable before vaccination. Until end of study no deaths were observed. 4/32 (12.5 %) patients had PD according to RANO criteria, all other patients (N=28, 87.5%) had SD. 12/32 (37.5%) patients displayed pseudoprogressions after the initiation of the vaccine. Single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing allowed for the identification of IDH1R132H-specific TCRs. In conclusion, NOA-16 met its primary endpoints by demonstrating safety and immunogenicity of a mutation-specific IDH1R132H peptide vaccine given with standard of care in patients with newly diagnosed IDH1R132H mutant malignant astrocytoma.
How Young “Early Birds” Prefer Preservation, Appreciation and Utilization of Nature
2018-11-01

Since the 1990s, the Two Major Environmental Value model (2-MEV) has been applied to measure adolescent environmental attitudes by covering two higher order factors: (i) Preservation of Nature (PRE) which measures protection preferences and (ii) Utilization of Nature (UTL) which quantifies preferences towards exploitation of nature. In addition to the 2-MEV scale, we monitored the Appreciation of Nature (APR) which, in contrast to the UTL, monitors the enjoyable utilization of nature. Finally, we employed the Morningness–Eveningness Scale for Children (MESC) which monitors the diurnal preferences and associates with personality and behavioral traits. In this study, we analyzed data from 429 Irish students (14.65 years; ±1.89 SD) with the aim of reconfirming the factor structure of the 2-MEV+APR and monitoring the relationship between the MESC and the environmental values (PRE, UTL, APR). Our findings identified a significant association between PRE and APR with MESC. In addition, we observed a gender difference. Our results suggest that morningness preference students are more likely to be protective of and appreciative towards nature. Recommendations for outreach programs as well as conclusions for environmental education initiatives in general are discussed.
PDTM-38. PEDIATRIC MENINGIOMAS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY DISTINCT METHYLATION PROFILES DIFFERENT FROM ADULT MENINGIOMAS
2018-11-01

In contrast to adulthood, meningiomas are rare among children and adolescents. However, the molecular relations between both groups have not been elucidated in detail. We have analyzed 41 tumor samples from 37 pediatric meningioma patients (female: 17, male: 20; age range: 1–21 years). Atypical meningioma WHO grade II was the most frequent histological subtype (N=14, 38%). Most tumors were located at the convexity (N=18) or the skull base (N=15). Lack of SMO, AKT, KLF4/TRAF7 mutation in Sanger sequencing (n=22) prompted whole genome sequencing of a subset (n=7). All cases exhibited bi-allelic mutation of NF2 (combined large deletion and germline (5/7) or somatic (2/7) base exchanges/frameshifts). Subsequently, representative samples of all 37 patients were subjected to 450K DNA methylation profiling and remaining DNA to sequencing of a brain tumor specific gene panel. Loss of chromosome 22 was frequently detected (N=28, 76%), followed by loss of chromosome 1 (N=12, 32%) and chromosome 18 (N=7, 19%). Moreover, a separation into three groups was evident: One group covering all clear-cell meningiomas with enrichment for SMARCE1 mutations, a second group dominated by atypical meningiomas, and a third group covering benign WHO grade I meningiomas, as well as rare subtypes such as rhabdoid meningiomas. Compared to adult tumors, the majority of pediatric meningiomas clustered in a separate group both by unsupervised hierarchical and clustering and t-stochastic nearest neighbor embedding. Analysis of four tumor recurrences did not reveal changes compared to the primary tumor. These data suggest that pediatric meningiomas are fundamentally different from adult counterparts.