julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Habitual Short Sleep Duration, Diet, and Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults
2024-03-05

Importance Understanding the interplay between sleep duration, dietary habits, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is crucial for public health and diabetes prevention strategies. Objective To investigate the associations of type of diet and duration of sleep with the development of T2D. Design, Setting, and Participants Data derived from the UK Biobank baseline investigation (2006-2010) were analyzed for this cohort study between May 1 and September 30, 2023. The association between sleep duration and healthy dietary patterns with the risk of T2D was investigated during a median (IQR) follow-up of 12.5 (11.8-13.2) years (end of follow-up, September 30, 2021). Exposure For the analysis, 247 867 participants were categorized into 4 sleep duration groups: normal (7-8 hours per day), mild short (6 hours per day), moderate short (5 hours per day), and extreme short (3-4 hours per day). Their dietary habits were evaluated based on population-specific consumption of red meat, processed meat, fruits, vegetables, and fish, resulting in a healthy diet score ranging from 0 (unhealthiest) to 5 (healthiest). Main Outcomes and Measures Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the development of T2D across various sleep duration groups and healthy diet scores. Results The cohort comprised 247 867 participants with a mean [SD] age of 55.9 [8.1] years, of whom 52.3% were female. During the follow-up, 3.2% of participants were diagnosed with T2D based on hospital registry data. Cox regression analysis, adjusted for confounding variables, indicated a significant increase in the risk of T2D among participants with 5 hours or less of daily sleep. Individuals sleeping 5 hours per day exhibited a 1.16 adjusted HR (95% CI, 1.05-1.28), and individuals sleeping 3 to 4 hours per day exhibited a 1.41 adjusted HR (95% CI, 1.19-1.68) compared with individuals with normal sleep duration. Furthermore, individuals with the healthiest dietary patterns had a reduced risk of T2D (HR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.63-0.88]). The association between short sleep duration and increased risk of T2D persisted even for individuals following a healthy diet, but there was no multiplicative interaction between sleep duration and healthy diet score. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study involving UK residents, habitual short sleep duration was associated with increased risk of developing T2D. This association persisted even among participants who maintained a healthy diet. To validate these findings, further longitudinal studies are needed, incorporating repeated measures of sleep (including objective assessments) and dietary habits.
Effects of pectin methyl-esterification on intestinal microbiota and its immunomodulatory properties in naive mice
2024-03-05

Pectins are dietary fibers that are attributed with several beneficial immunomodulatory effects. Depending on the degree of esterification (DE), pectins can be classified as high methoxyl pectin (HMP) or low methoxyl pectin (LMP). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pectin methyl-esterification on intestinal microbiota and its immunomodulatory properties in naive mice. Supplementation of the diet with LMP or HMP induced changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in mice toward Bacteroides, which was mainly promoted by HMP. Metabolome analysis of stool samples from pectin-fed mice showed a different effect of the two types of pectin on the levels of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, which was consistent with highly efficient in vivo fermentation of LMP. Analysis of serum antibody levels showed a significant increase in IgG and IgA levels by both pectins, while FACS analysis revealed a decrease of infiltrating inflammatory cells in the intestinal lamina propria by HMP. Our study revealed that the structural properties of the investigated pectins determine fermentability, effects on microbial composition, metabolite production, and modulation of immune responses. Consumption of HMP preferentially altered the gut microbiota and suppressed pro-inflammatory immune responses, suggesting a beneficial role in inflammatory diseases.
Temporal and Between-Group Variability in College Dropout Prediction
2024-03-05

Large-scale administrative data is a common input in early warning systems\\nfor college dropout in higher education. Still, the terminology and methodology\\nvary significantly across existing studies, and the implications of different\\nmodeling decisions are not fully understood. This study provides a systematic\\nevaluation of contributing factors and predictive performance of machine\\nlearning models over time and across different student groups. Drawing on\\ntwelve years of administrative data at a large public university in the US, we\\nfind that dropout prediction at the end of the second year has a 20% higher AUC\\nthan at the time of enrollment in a Random Forest model. Also, most predictive\\nfactors at the time of enrollment, including demographics and high school\\nperformance, are quickly superseded in predictive importance by college\\nperformance and in later stages by enrollment behavior. Regarding variability\\nacross student groups, college GPA has more predictive value for students from\\ntraditionally disadvantaged backgrounds than their peers. These results can\\nhelp researchers and administrators understand the comparative value of\\ndifferent data sources when building early warning systems and optimizing\\ndecisions under specific policy goals.\\n
Complex Formation between the Transcription Factor WRKY53 and Antioxidative Enzymes Leads to Reciprocal Inhibition
2024-03-05

The transcription factor WRKY53 of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is an important regulator of leaf senescence. Its expression, activity and degradation are tightly controlled by various mechanisms and feedback loops. Hydrogen peroxide is one of the inducing agents for WRKY53 expression, and a long-lasting intracellular increase in H2O2 content accompanies the upregulation of WRKY53 at the onset of leaf senescence. We have identified different antioxidative enzymes, including catalases (CATs), superoxide dismutases (SODs) and ascorbate peroxidases (APXs), as protein interaction partners of WRKY53 in a WRKY53-pulldown experiment at different developmental stages. The interaction of WRKY53 with these enzymes was confirmed in vivo by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays (BiFC) in Arabidopsis protoplasts and transiently transformed tobacco leaves. The interaction with WRKY53 inhibited the activity of the enzyme isoforms CAT2, CAT3, APX1, Cu/ZuSOD1 and FeSOD1 (and vice versa), while the function of WRKY53 as a transcription factor was also inhibited by these complex formations. Other WRKY factors like WRKY18 or WRKY25 had no or only mild inhibitory effects on the enzyme activities, indicating that WRKY53 has a central position in this crosstalk. Taken together, we identified a new additional and unexpected feedback regulation between H2O2, the antioxidative enzymes and the transcription factor WRKY53.
ARTPOL: Analytical ray-tracing method for spectro-polarimetric properties of accretion disks around Kerr black holes
2024-03-05

Spectro-polarimetric signatures of accretion disks in X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei contain information on the masses and spins of their central black holes, as well as the geometry of matter in proximity to the compact objects. This information can be extracted by means of X-ray polarimetry. In this work, we present a fast analytical ray-tracing technique for polarized light ( ARTPOL) that helps us to obtain the spinning black hole parameters from the observed properties. This technique can replace the otherwise time-consuming numerical ray-tracing calculations for any optically thick or geometrically thin accretion flow. For the purposes of illustration, we considered a standard optically thick, geometrically thin accretion disk in the equatorial plane of the Kerr black hole. We show that ARTPOL proves accurate for dimensionless spin parameter a ≤ 0.94 with a speed that is over four orders of magnitude faster than direct ray-tracing calculations. This approach opens up broader prospects for direct fittings of the spectro-polarimetric data from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer.
A Qualitative Analysis of Cancer Patients’ Perceptions of an Interprofessional Counseling Service on Complementary and Integrative Healthcare
2024-03-05

Medical guidelines recommend actively addressing patients’ information needs regarding complementary and integrative healthcare (CIH). Within the CCC-Integrativ study, an interprofessional counseling program on CIH was developed and implemented at four comprehensive cancer centers (CCCs) in Germany. As part of the process evaluation, this study examines cancer patients’ experiences with interprofessional CIH counseling sessions conducted by a physician and a nurse. Forty problem-centered interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using deductive–inductive content analysis based on Kuckartz and Rädiker’s approach. Findings revealed that most participants had prior experience with CIH approaches and were burdened by physiological and psychological symptoms. Counseling sessions focused on cancer- and treatment-related symptoms and appropriate CIH recommendations (e.g., herbal poultice against anxieties and acupressure against nausea). Participants appreciated the mutual exchange and integration of perspectives from different healthcare professions within the interprofessional approach. They noted that the counseling team comprehensively addressed their healthcare and CIH information needs. Suggestions for improvement included the specificity of the CIH recommendations. As the participants only received counseling and no CIH treatments, information about reputable CIH providers was particularly important to many seeking advice. Patients with cancer receiving tailored CIH counseling from two healthcare professionals experienced benefits in CIH counseling for symptom management. The interprofessional teams offered a comprehensive perspective on patients’ needs, proposing personalized recommendations for symptom control. These insights may foster collaboration between healthcare professionals interested in CIH counseling, enabling them to expand and consolidate their counseling services.
Human tissue-resident peritoneal macrophages reveal resistance towards oxidative cell stress induced by non-invasive physical plasma
2024-03-05

In the context of multimodal treatments for abdominal cancer, including procedures such as cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy, recurrence rates remain high, and long-term survival benefits are uncertain due to post-operative complications. Notably, treatment-limiting side effects often arise from an uncontrolled activation of the immune system, particularly peritoneally localized macrophages, leading to massive cytokine secretion and phenotype changes. Exploring alternatives, an increasing number of studies investigated the potential of plasma-activated liquids (PAL) for adjuvant peritoneal cancer treatment, aiming to mitigate side effects, preserve healthy tissue, and reduce cytotoxicity towards non-cancer cells. To assess the non-toxicity of PAL, we isolated primary human macrophages from the peritoneum and subjected them to PAL exposure. Employing an extensive methodological spectrum, including flow cytometry, Raman microspectroscopy, and DigiWest protein analysis, we observed a pronounced resistance of macrophages towards PAL. This resistance was characterized by an upregulation of proliferation and anti-oxidative pathways, countering PAL-derived oxidative stress-induced cell death. The observed cellular effects of PAL treatment on human tissue-resident peritoneal macrophages unveil a potential avenue for PAL-derived immunomodulatory effects within the human peritoneal cavity. Our findings contribute to understanding the intricate interplay between PAL and macrophages, shedding light on the promising prospects for PAL in the adjuvant treatment of peritoneal cancer.
Submillimeter balanced SSFP BOLD–functional MRI accelerated with 3D stack‐of‐spirals at 9.4 T
2024-03-05

Abstract Purpose This work aims to improve the speed of balanced SSFP (bSSFP) acquisition with segmented 3D stack‐of‐spirals for functional brain studies at ultrahigh field. Methods Functional experiments were performed with an accelerated 3D stack‐of‐spirals sequence with water excitation for fat suppression. The resulting data were reconstructed using an iterative algorithm with corrections for system imperfections such as trajectory deviations and B 0 inhomogeneity. In the first set of experiments, we evaluated the signal change and stability with respect to echo and TR for a full‐field checkerboard stimulus. To demonstrate the high spatio‐temporal resolution of the developed method, the results of three optimized protocols at submillimeter resolution (0.6‐mm isotropic and 0.8‐mm isotropic) and at 1.2 mm isotropic resolution for whole‐brain coverage were shown. Results Water excitation and the model‐based iterative reconstruction improved image quality. The BOLD‐related signal changes increased with longer TE and longer TR. We observed an increase in thermal noise performance at lower TE and higher TR. However, signal stability deteriorates at higher TE and TR. Therefore, optimized protocols used shorter TE and moderately long TR to maximize the sensitivity and speed. Reproducible activations were detected along the gray‐matter gyri in the submillimeter protocols with a median signal change of approximately 4% across subjects. Conclusions Three‐dimensional stack‐of‐spirals enables passband balanced SSFP functional imaging at a much higher spatial and temporal scale, compared with conventional spoiled gradient‐echo train sequences.
A continental reconstruction of hydroclimatic variability in South America during the past 2000 years
2024-03-05

Abstract. Paleoclimatological field reconstructions are valuable for understanding hydroclimatic variability. While being similarly impactful on societies as temperature variability, hydroclimatic variability has still remained less in focus. However, reconstructing globally complete fields of climate variables lacks adequate proxy data from tropical regions like South America, limiting our understanding of past hydroclimatic changes in these areas. This study addresses this gap using low resolution climate archives, including speleothems, previously omitted from reconstructions. Speleothems record climate variations on decadal to centennial time scales and provide a rich dataset for the otherwise proxy data scarce region of tropical South America. By employing a multi-time scale Paleoclimate Data Assimilation approach, we synthesize climate proxy records and climate model simulations, capable of simulating water isotopologues in the atmosphere, to reconstruct 2000 years of South American climate. This includes surface air temperature, precipitation amount, drought index, isotopic composition of precipitation amount, and the intensity of the South American Summer Monsoon. The reconstruction reveals anomalous climate periods: a wetter and colder phase during the Little Ice Age (1500–1850 CE) and a drier, warmer period corresponding to the early Medieval Climate Anomaly (600–900 CE). However, these patterns are not uniform across the continent, with exceptions in northeastern Brazil and the Southern Cone, indicating regional variability. The anomalies are more pronounced than in previous reconstructions, but align with local proxy record studies, thus highlighting the importance of including speleothem proxies. The multi-timescale approach is essential for reconstructing multi-decadal and centennial climate variability. Despite methodological uncertainties regarding climate model biases and proxy record interpretations, this study marks a crucial first step in incorporating speleothems into climate field reconstructions, potentially enhancing insights into past hydroclimatic variability and hydroclimate projections.
Generation of homozygous and heterozygous REEP1 knockout induced pluripotent stem cell lines by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing
2024-03-05

REEP1 is a transmembrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane that is involved in shaping and remodeling of the ER. Mutations in REEP1 cause SPG31, an autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Here we show the generation of a homozygous and a heterozygous REEP1 knockout induced pluripotent stem cell line suitable for in vitro disease modelling using the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system.
‘Obscure allegory’ and reading ‘by true experyence’ in the dream visions of Stephen Hawes
2024-03-05

Stephen Hawes, when considered at all by literary critics, is generally studied as a foil to Skelton.1 Hawes's period of activity at the early Tudor court between around 1503 and 1511 coincides with Skelton's removal to Diss, and there are other ways too in which one poet can be seen almost as the inverted image of the other. Each draws upon the forms and idiom of Chaucer and his poetic successors, especially Lydgate; they differ, however, in their rehabilitation of tradition to the new technologies, learning, and shifting systems of patronage affecting theories and practices of textual production and literary authority in early Tudor England. Where Skelton has been seen as intelligently alive to the 'conflicting energies embodied in his work', even the most generous assessments of Hawes judge him rather as 'a "potential poet", one whose conceptions are not generally matched by his execution', and who remained 'resolutely parochial at a time when more astute and gifted writers were already sniffing the winds of change'.
‘Quod the compilar Gawin D’: Gavin Douglas’s implied authorship
2024-03-05

In Chapter 2, I quoted the eulogy of Sir David Lyndsay, poet and herald at the court of James V, for William Dunbar, 'quhilk language had at large'. Dunbar is one among twelve deceased vernacular poets named as paragons of their art in the prologue to Lyndsay's Testament and Complaynt of Our Soverane Lordis Papyngo (1530). First comes the English literary triumvirate, 'Chawceir, Gower, and Lidgate laureate' (line 12); next, a series of Scottish writers: Walter Kennedy, Dunbar, and seven further names all also mentioned either in Dunbar's Lament for the Makars or The Flyting of Dumbar and Kennedie. Lyndsay praises these poets in terms of their 'rethorick' (line 11) and 'sweit sentence' (line 14), claiming that 'Thocht thay be ded, thar libels bene levand' (line 20). But in the stanzas that follow, all are surpassed by the superlative skill and learning of 'Albione''s pre-eminent poet, Gavin Douglas:
Conclusion
2024-03-05

Throughout the complex weave of late fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century English and Scots court poetry, beneath its cloudy figures and sometimes dazzling aureate surfaces, are common questions about auctoritas – where it resides, or with whom, and whether it can be attached to new writing – differently conceived and often only obliquely answered, but which afford a focus for this difficult to conceptualise literary period. The careers of its foremost poets are, I think, better described in terms of their heterogeneity and individual temperament, rather than as the products of a 'literary system' premised on Chaucerian reception or the 'institutional simplifications and centralisations' of Simpson's Reform and Cultural Revolution (see Chapter 1). Skelton, Dunbar, Hawes, and Douglas evidence a spectrum of ideas of authorship – not stages in a transition from a 'medieval' to a 'modern' paradigm, but rather four distinct engagements with tradition and opportunity, united by their utilisation of a particular form. Their similarities and differences transcend national and period divisions. Dunbar and Hawes seem relatively cautious, or perhaps simply pragmatic, in their strategies for authorial self-promotion: Dunbar's poetry works to evoke a lively, literary court culture in which makaris can flourish and flyt; Hawes, meanwhile, assures the approbation of his writings by interweaving his poetic fictions with the texts and iconography of the image-conscious early Tudor court. That neither poet supplies biographical details beyond vague allusions to their royal service speaks of an imaginative and material dependence on the court and its systems of patronage; yet it is Dunbar and Hawes whose names appeared in print alongside Chaucer and Lydgate during the first decades of the sixteenth century (even if authorial self-promotion and commercial opportunism are difficult to disentangle in the early years of printing). Skelton and Douglas make more obviously author-centred claims for the authority of their writings: Skelton, by affiliating his poetic labours to those of the idealised Skelton Poeta; Douglas, by associating his name with the implied author for the Eneados. Both had the advantage of a clerical income and time to devote to the reading and emulation of classical and humanist poets – less evident in the poetry of Dunbar and Hawes.
Introduction
2024-03-05

The Garlande or Chapelet of Laurell of John Skelton ends on a note of poetic self-congratulation rarely sounded in fifteenth- or early sixteenth-century English poetry. Having appeared in a dream before the Quene of Fame in order to justify his place at her court, Skelton's poet-narrator reports the recital by Occupacyon of the list of his works recorded in her 'boke of remembrauns' (line 1149). Finally, after more than three hundred lines, and as many as fifty-one known, lost, and some possibly spurious works, Occupacyon makes mention of the present poem:
John Skelton, William Dunbar, and authorial self-promotion at court
2024-03-05

Despite what are in certain respects quite similar literary careers, the attitudes towards textual production and literary authority presented by John Skelton and William Dunbar resist close association. Very rarely have the two been studied together. And yet, their position as the vernacular poets most obviously affiliated with the English and Scottish royal courts,1 as well as the broad similarities between those courts as centres of textual production, invites comparison of their diverging claims for the authority of their writings.
‘[T]o whom ought to be gyuen laude and presynge’: Ideas of authorship in print, at court, and in the dream vision
2024-03-05

William Caxton's literary criticism offers an unusually direct, if not always entirely ingenuous, account of ideas of authorship during the final decades of the fifteenth century. The epilogue to Caxton's 1478 edition of Chaucer's Boece (STC 3199, fols 93r–94v) and the proem to his 1483 second edition of The Canterbury Tales (STC 5083, sig. A2r–v) are regularly quoted as evidence of changing attitudes towards Chaucer at the end of the English 'medieval' period and the inception of a 'modern' idea of English literary history. Less frequently discussed, but demonstrating the plasticity of the concept of authorship in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, is the ending and epilogue to Caxton's 1483 edition of The House of Fame (STC 5087, sig. D4r).