julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Prevalidation of a Rat Liver Foci Bioassay (RLFB) Based on Results from 1600 Rats: A Study Report
2003-01-01

A rat liver foci bioassay (RLFB) based on an initiation-promotion protocol employing preneoplastic foci of altered hepatocytes (FAH) as an endpoint, was prevalidated in 5 different laboratories. FAH were identified by immunohistochemical demonstration of glutathione- S-transferase (placental form, GSTP) and by staining with hematoxilin/eosin (H&amp;E), and their area fraction was quantified morphometrically. The four model hepatocarcinogens N-nitrosomorpholine, 2-acetylaminofluoren, phenobarbital, and clofibrate were selected according to characteristic differences in their presumed mode of action, and tested in a total of 1,600 male and female rats at 2 different dose levels. The chemicals were found to differ characteristically in their potency and dose-response relationship to induce FAH when given alone or when administered following initiation with diethylnitrosamine. The interlaboratory variation was small for results obtained with the GSTP-stain and somewhat larger with respect to H&amp;E. The assessment of the carcinogenic potential of the four chemicals by the different laboratories was in the same range and the nature of their dose-response relationships did not differ essentially between laboratories. Our results suggest that this RLFB is a sensitive bioassay, providing potentially valuable information for risk assessment including the classification of carcinogenic chemicals according to their mode of action.
On the notion of assumption in logical systems
2003-01-01

When a logical system is specified and the notion of a derivation or formal proof is explained, we are told (i) which formulas can be used to start a derivation and (ii) which formulas can be derived given that certain other formulas have already been derived. Formulas of the sort (i) are either assumptions or axioms, formulas of the sort (ii) are conclusions of (proper) inference rules. Axioms may be viewed as conclusions of (improper) inference rules, viz. inference rules without premisses. In what follows I refer to conclusions of proper or improper inference rules as assertions. 1 In natural deduction systems, inference rules deal both with assumptions and assertions, as the assumptions on which the conclusion of an inference rule depends, are not necessarily given by the collection of all assumptions on which the premisses depend, in case the rule permits the discharging of assumptions. For example, the rule of implication introduction
Adult Hypocellular Acute Leukaemia with Lymphoid Differentiation
2003-01-01

The rare hypocellular variants of acute leukemia (AL) previously also termed smouldering leukemia, almost always exhibit myeloid differentiation. Very rare cases of hypocellular AL with lymphoid differentiation have been reported, usually in children. This paper describes two cases (an 87-year-old woman and a 79-year-old man) in whom the blood findings were suggestive of AL. Paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsy specimens revealed similar findings in both patients: there was severe hypocellularity, the cells of normal hemopoiesis were greatly reduced in number, and there was a diffuse increase in blast cells, which represented more than 50% of nucleated marrow cells. The blasts coexpressed TdT and CD34 and were negative for myeloperoxidase, CD117, CD68 and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase. For the first time immunohistochemical Pax-5/CD34 doublestainings are provided, which revealed the blasts in one case to coexpress Pax-5 and CD34. All the blasts were CD79a-positive and 20% were also CD10-positive. In the other case, 20% of the blasts were CD79a-positive, 30% coexpressed Pax-5 and CD34 by doublestaining, and showed a clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Thus a diagnosis of AL of lymphoid lineage, hypocellular variant, was made on the basis of immunohistochemical findings. The clinical course appears to be similar to that of hypocellular AML, as neither patient has developed overt leukemia during the one-year follow-up period.
Salter's innominate osteotomy for hip dysplasia in adolescents and young adults
2003-01-01

We reviewed 69 Salter's innominate osteotomies (SIO) in 58 patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Their mean age at operation was 22 (13-37) years. 24 hips were operated on in patients under 18 years of age (adolescents) and 45 hips in patients 18 years or over (adults). The mean follow-up was 7.6 (3.8-12) years. The mean Harris hip score (HHS)/Merle d'Aubigné score improved from 66 (38-97)/14.0 (8.0-18) points before surgery to 81 (22-100) points/15 (6-18) points at final review. Using the endpoints total hip arthroplasty and a Merle d'Aubigné score of < 13 and/or a HHS < 71, 13 of the 69 hips had failed and the cumulative survival rate was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.69-0.89) at 12 years. Their age at operation and the grade of preoperative coxarthrosis affected the clinical outcome. No deterioration in the mean grade of coxarthrosis was noted at final review, as compared to the condition before surgery. We conclude that the SIO is a well-standardized operation, with a low risk of complications, which gives encouraging results in adolescents and young adults with or without mild arthrosis. The operation may retard or even arrest the coxarthrosis.
A method for portfolio choice
2003-01-01

Abstract This paper shows how one can use the theory of hidden Markov models for portfolio optimization. We illustrate our method by a ball and urn experiment. An application to historical data is examined. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Image and 3D-Object Editing with Precisely Specified Editing Regions
2003-01-01

In this paper we present a new approach to the editing of polygons, images and triangulated surface meshes featuring the exact specification of the area that is being edited, the area that remains unchanged and an area that is transformed rigidly. This allows intuitive editing of arbitrary triangle meshes as well as 2D-images. Furthermore, the shape of the deformed area can be modified interactively by manipulating a simple parametric curve. The key contributions of this paper are that we include not only translations and rotations in our editing paradigm but the whole spectrum of affine transformations. We include a refinement approach to allow for sharp feature edits even in sparsely sampled areas. In spite of these features the algorithm is very fast and simple
Salter's innominate osteotomy for hip dysplasia in adolescents and young adults
2003-01-01

AbstractWe reviewed 69 Salter's innominate osteotomies (SIO) in 58 patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Their mean age at operation was 22 (13–37) years. 24 hips were operated on in patients under 18 years of age (adolescents) and 45 hips in patients 18 years or over (adults).The mean follow-up was 7.6 (3.8–12) years. The mean Harris hip score (HHS)Nerle d'Aubigné score improved from 66 (38–97)/14.0 (8.0–18) points before surgery to 81 (22–100) points115 (6–18) points at final review. Using the endpoints total hip arthroplasty and a Merle d'AubignC score of < 13 andlor a HHS <71,13 of the 69 hips had failed and the cumulative survival rate was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.69–0.89) at 12 years. Their age at operation and the grade of preoperative coxarthrosis affected the clinical outcome. No deterioration in the mean grade of coxarthrosis was noted at final review, as compared to the condition before surgery.We conclude that the SIO is a well-standardized operation, with a -low risk of complications, which gives encouraging results in adolescents and young adults with or without mild arthrosis. The operation may retard or even arrest the coxarthrosis.
Upper Triassic (Carnian) mud mounds from northern Sichuan ( China)
2003-01-01

During the late Carnian a great number of carbonate mud mounds were constructed along the submerget northwestern margin of the Yangzi Platform in Sichuan, in the transition zone between the Songpan Garze Trough in the west and the Chuan Dian Shelf in the east. Individual mounds are up to 80 m thick and have base diameters of up to several hundred meters. Thickness ratios between mound and intermound deposits are about 5:1 with mound slopes not exceeding 15 o . The bulk of the rock volume consists of a microsparitic matrix which due to its peloidal structure and common laminated crusts is probably a cyanobacterial precipitate. Siliceous sponges contributed to mound stabilization but did not form a rigid framework. Several other invertebrate groups (mainly crinoids) inhabitated the mound surfaces and were transported into adjacent depressions. Stromatactoid cavities, which are so characteristic for Palaeozoic mud mounds, are extremely rare. Generally they are completely occluded with late diagenetic blocky spar; only a few cavities are lined with an early marine RFC cement. The latter is distinguished by relatively heavy δ 18 O signatures of -3.4 ‰PDB which contrast with the isotopic composition of the burial cements displaying mean values of - 9.7‰ δ 18 O PDB. 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of early cements, matrix and non-luminescent brachiopod shells fit well into the curve of the isotopic evolution of the Phanerozoic seawater.
Guided tissue regeneration using a polylactic acid barrier. Part I: Environmental effects on bacterial colonization
2003-01-01

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the dynamics of bacterial colonization in intra‐osseous defects following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy using a resorbable barrier. Patients and methods: In each of 30 patients, one intra‐osseous defect was treated with GTR using a polylactic acid membrane (Guidor ® ). Plaque samples were taken from the defect site, other teeth and mucous membranes following initial therapy (baseline), and at 3, 6 and 12 months after periodontal surgery. Additionally, samples were taken from the defect sites at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ( A.a. ), Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P.g. ), and Bacteroides forsythus ( B.f. ) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Supportive periodontal therapy was performed at 3‐month intervals. Results: In the 29 patients completing the study, the assessed microflora was detected in 3 ( A.a. ), 13 ( P.g. ) and 14 ( B.f. ) defect sites at baseline, in 2 ( A.a. ), 2 ( P.g. ) and 2 ( B.f. ) following surgical debridement, and in 6 ( A.a. ), 10 ( P.g. ) and 22 ( B.f. ) at 12 months. Defect site colonization following GTR therapy was significantly correlated with presurgical colonization at other assessed teeth ( A.a. and P.g. : tau = 0.45 and 0.66, respectively; P &lt; 0.001), or on mucous membranes ( B.f. : tau = 0.44, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: The colonization of periodontal pathogens at sites treated by GTR may correlate with the intra‐oral presence of these pathogens before surgery. If colonization of GTR sites by periodontal pathogens is to be prevented, intra‐oral suppression/eradication of these pathogens may be required before surgery.
Training system for laparoscopic fundoplication
2003-01-01

Laparoscopic fundoplication is widely used today as a surgical standard for gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the procedures are complicated and require advanced laparoscopic skills. In addition, surgical complications correlate with the surgeon's technique and experience. Thus, a training course in laparoscopic fundoplication should be attended before performing surgery. This paper reports on a training course for laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication developed by our group. This course involves practice in suture knotting as part of the laparoscopic operation, practical experience in fundoplication using a porcine organ training model, and observation of a live operation in the operating room. The course improves laparoscopic skills via practical experience and contributes to the learning curve for laparoscopic fundoplication.
Verifying CIM models of Apache Web-server configurations
2003-01-01

We show how configuration properties of the Apache Web-server can be formally verified, so that an installation is safe with respect to both universal and site specific local constraints. Our approach starts from an existing semi-formal component model of the Web-server in the common information model (CIM) standard. Hence, our approach is applicable also to the verification of other systems for which a CIM model exists.
Nonautonomous heat equations with generalized Wentzell boundary conditions
2003-01-01

In this paper, we study the nonautonomous heat equation in C[0, 1] with generalized Wentzell boundary conditions. It is shown, under appropriate assumptions, that there exists a unique evolution family for this problem and that the family satisfies various regularity properties. This enables us to obtain, for the corresponding inhomogeneous problem, classical and strict solutions having optimal regularity.
The influence of Emla cream on cutaneous microcirculation.
2003-01-01

Emla cream is frequently used in surgical dermatology and in anesthesiology, for instance, during vascular surgery procedures. Because local anesthetics can have a vasoactive effect in addition to producing analgesia, we decided to document the effect of 5% Emla cream on cutaneous circulation in a prospective, placebo-controlled study. Skin circulation was monitored continuously under standardized conditions using video capillaroscopy, laser Doppler flowmetry and skin temperature. Recordings were made at the nailfold of the fourth finger (DIV) of the left hand of 12 volunteers with healthy veins over an observation period of 60 minutes under either Emla occlusive dressing or an occlusive dressing with placebo. Mean capillary red blood cell velocity changed only minimally under the Emla occlusive dressing, while placebo occlusive dressing led to a reduction of mean capillary red blood cell velocity from 0.21 mm/s to 0.12 mm/s (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant change of arterial capillary diameter under Emla or placebo occlusive dressing. Skin temperature dropped after 60 minutes of Emla cream occlusive dressing from an initial 26.7 to 24.0 degrees C (-10.1%; p<0.02). The same duration of placebo caused skin temperature to drop from 27.6 to 23.0 degrees C (-16.7%; p<0.001). Laser Doppler flux (543 nm) rose 13% with Emla (p=0.9) and dropped 41.9% under placebo occlusive dressing (p<0.03). Emla cream upregulated nutritive perfusion. No clinically relevant vasoconstrictive effects are expected from an application period of 60 minutes.
Complete Remission of Third Recurrence of Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Treatment with Imatinib (STI-571)
2003-01-01

We report the case of a 76-year old patient with third relapse of AML who was successfully treated with Imatinib. The decision to try Imatinib was guided by bright expression of c-kit on the patient's blasts. Treatment was well tolerated but the dose was reduced for pancytopenia and later stopped completely because of pneumonia. The patient recovered with i.v. antibiotics, antimycotics and s.c. G-CSF. Reevaluation of the bone marrow after the end of treatment demonstrated the absence of malignant blasts. Treatment with Imatinib was started again with the intention to prolong remission duration. During the following months peripheral blood counts stabilized in the normal range indicating that a fourth complete remission has been achieved in this patient. This is the first report demonstrating that Imatinib can induce complete remission in relapsed c-kit positive AML in an elderly patient. Prolonged cytopenia remains a considerable problem indicating that normal haematopoiesis is not completely independent of the signalling cascades inhibited by Imatinib. Nevertheless our report supports further study of this drug in c-kit positive AML.
Gas source localisation by constructing concentration gridmaps with a mobile robot
2003-01-01

This paper addresses the problem of mapping the features of a gas distribution by creating concentration gridmaps with a mobile robot equipped with a gas-sensitive system ("mobile nose"). By contrast to metric gridmaps extracted from sonar or laser range scans, a gas sensor measurement provides information about a comparatively small area. To overcome this problem, a mapping technique is introduced that uses a Gaussian density function to model the decreasing likelihood that a particular reading represents the true concentration with respect to the distance from the point of measurement. The structure of the mapped features is discussed with respect to the parameters of the applied density function, the evolution of the gas distribution over time, and the capability to locate a gas source.
Partial functional differential equations with nonautonomous past in {$L^p$}-phase spaces
2003-01-01

We prove the equivalence of the well-posedness of a partial differential equation with nonautonomous past and an associated abstract Cauchy problem. This equivalence is then used to derive sufficient conditions for exponential stability of the solutions.
Halogen‐Halogen‐Wechselwirkungen im Kristall von 2 ImIBr · Br‐CF2CF2‐I (Im = 1, 3‐Diisopropyl‐4, 5‐dimethylimidazoly [1]
2003-01-01

Abstract Interactions between Halogen Atoms in the Crystal of 2 ImIBr · Br‐CF 2 CF 2 ‐I (Im = 1, 3‐Diisopropyl‐4, 5‐dimethylimidazoly[1] 2, 3‐Dihydro‐1, 3‐diisopropyl‐4, 5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene ( 3 , Im) reacts with Br‐CF 2 CF 2 ‐I to give the adduct 2 Im‐I‐Br · Br‐CF 2 CF 2 ‐I ( 5 ). The crystal structure analysis of 5 exhibits near linear C‐I‐Br interactions in addition to short Br‐Br and Br‐I contacts to the Br‐CF 2 CF 2 ‐I fragment.
Psychiatric commitment: patients' perspectives.
2003-01-01

Many patients who had been court-committed reported negative feelings about their experiences, but the great majority had continued in treatment, both at the termination of commitment and later. They also had ideas about how to reduce the negative impact of commitment that are worth including in future contingency plans.
Synthesis and Dopamine Receptor Binding of Some Pyrazolo[3’,4’:6,7]azepino[5,4,3-cd]indoles
2003-01-01

A synthesis of some substituted pyrazolo [3',4':6,7]azepino[5,4,3-cd]indoles is described and their affinities to dopamine receptors were evaluated.The tested compounds (3a-d and 4a,b) showed micromolar affinity to the bovine D 1 receptor subtype and the human D 2 , D 3 and D 4 receptor isoforms.
Current and future strategies in the management of medulloblastoma in adults.
2003-01-01

Medulloblastoma in adults are rare and differ from their childhood counterparts in terms of tumor site (hemispheric location), histological subtype (desmoplastic variant), lower incidence of metastatic spread and frequent late relapses. As in children the presence of metastatic disease is of major prognostic significance. The role of different histological subtypes and molecular genetic/biological markers is unknown and deserves further investigations. The therapeutic strategies are essentially based on experiences in childhood medulloblastomas. Surgery followed by irradiation of the entire central nervous system followed by a boost to the posterior fossa is the cornerstones of treatment. A sufficient dose prescription and a high quality of treatment are a prerequisite for an optimal tumor control. Unlike in children the role of chemotherapy is an open question and requires prospective investigations. The forthcoming EORTC-study is addressing this issue.
Meshing of Diffusion Surfaces for Point-Based Tensor Field Visualization.
2003-01-01

The visualization of 3D vector and tensor fields in a 2D image is challenging because the large amount of information will either be mixed during projection to 2D or lead to severe occlusion problems. In this work we segment from the symmetric 3D tensor field regions dominated by stream tubes and regions dominated by diffusion surfaces. The diffusion surfaces are integrated with a higher order Runge–Kutta scheme and approximated with a triangle mesh. Our main contribution is to steer the integration with a face-based coding scheme, that allows direct compression of the integrated diffusion surfaces and ensures that diffusion surfaces of any topology can be created. Finally we sample the stream tubes and diffusion surfaces with points. The points from different entities are colored with different colors. We lit the points during rendering with a lighting model adapted to the tensor field. The resulting visualization of symmetric 3D tensor fields is sparse because of the sampling on points and allows for a deeper view inside the volumetric tensor field but also allows the simultaneous visualization of a dense set of tubes and surfaces.
Using Symbolic Simulation for Bounded Property Checking.
2003-01-01

Assuring correctness of digital designs is one of the major tasks in the system design flow. Formal methods have been proposed to accompany commonly used simulation approaches. In this paper we describe a new technique of property checking using symbolic simulation which can be applied to larger designs. This technique seamlessly integrate formal verification and standard simulation. The proposed method is a formal verification technique which checks symbolically a given LTL specification against the Hardware Design. Our experimental results show a run time gain over standard symbolic model checking and SAT-based bounded model checking for certain classes of circuits and properties. 1
Optimized Temporal Logic Compilation
2003-01-01

In many applications of room-temperature ionic liquids, it has been recognized that the interface is a vital component. In electrochemistry, for instance, the electron transfer is significant to the efficiency of the solar cell and is very much dependent on the behavior of a given interface. This review presents the current state of knowledge of room-temperature ionic liquids in contact with solids, liquids, and gas phases. Experimental and molecular modeling studies have been conducted to investigate the surface structure and composition of ions in pure ionic liquids. However, surface studies on these liquids are still in its infancy and as the range of the available surface techniques and systematic investigations are increased, our understanding will improve which will lead to advances on this field.
Quantification of magnetization transfer by sampling the transient signal using MT‐prepared single‐shot EPI
2003-01-01

Abstract We describe the standard model for magnetization transfer (MT): a two‐pool system with pseudo‐linear exchange kinetics; under the influence of repetitive “MT‐pulses” that create arbitrary instantaneous saturation. The influence of the pulse repetition period on the steady state (Part I) and the transient behavior of the system (Part II) provides similar but not equivalent information about relaxation, exchange and saturation. A quantification of all six parameters was possible by sampling the transitions and steady state at pulse repetition times between 8 ms and 200 ms by means of single‐shot echo‐planar imaging of the human brain in vivo. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 19A: 149–152, 2003.
A new conglomerate in a series of 2,3:6,7-dibenzobicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes
2003-01-01

Using enantioselective gas chromatography and X-ray diffraction analysis, we found that compound 2 forms a conglomerate (space group P21212), whereas, according to X-ray diffraction data, compound 3 crystallises as a racemic compound (space group Pccn).