julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Reading disorders due to visual field defects: a neuro-ophthalmological view
2002-01-01

Background: Reading disorders can be caused by visual field defects. Analysis of the reading process provides important information about perceptual preconditions and cortical adaptive strategies, which are also of significance for rehabilitation. Methods: Reading performance was examined using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO), which allows the simultaneous assessment of the preferred retinal locus (PRL) in relation to the stimuli and the eye movements. Visual fields were measured using Tuebingen perimetry and a self-developed SLO perimetry, attentional fields using the Test of Sustained Attention. Results: Patients with absolute central scotomas are only able to read if they learn to use an eccentric PRL. With a ring scotoma, reading ability depends on the size of the intact central island and the fixation behavior.With hemianopia, it is crucial whether there is macular splitting or sparing. Without sparing, reading performance depends on adaptive strategies such as predictive saccades or eccentric fixation.The latter causes a shift of the field border towards the hemianopic side in conventional perimetry. Locations of high attentional capability during central fixation (early stage of maculopathy) correspond to the later eccentric PRL during follow-up. Conclusions: Reading performance depends on the size of the perceptual area and the resolution of the PRL used for reading. Compensating strategies are crucial for regaining reading ability. Eccentric fixation causes a shift of the sensory and oculomotor reference, indicating high cortical plasticity. There is evidence that the location of a future PRL is influenced by sustained attention – a mechanism that could be utilized for specific training. Reading disorders are strongly connected with neuro-ophthalmological issues.
Roller Compaction and Tabletting of St. John's Wort Plant Dry Extract Using a Gap Width and Force Controlled Roller Compactor. I. Granulation and Tabletting of Eight Different Extract Batches
2002-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of roller compaction parameters on granule and tablet quality of a dry herbal extract from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), which is widely used in the treatment of mild to moderate depressive disorders. Eight different extract batches were blended with 0.5, 2, and 5% of magnesium stearate and were compacted at different compaction forces using a gap width and force controlled roller compactor. The ribbon formed was milled into granules having mean particle sizes up to 700 microns. The roller compaction of the extracts decreased significantly the angle of repose from about 45 to 32 degrees and the Hausner ratio from about 1.2 to 1.1. Tabletting of granulated extract instead of extract powder effectively reduced not only dust and feeding problems during the tabletting process but also prevented capping. The incorporation of 2 and 5% of magnesium stearate into the roller compacted extract reduced significantly the sticking of the dry herbal extracts to the punch faces without affecting the crushing strength of the tablets. Tablets containing granulated extracts exhibited a 3-fold lower disintegration time of about 12 min compared to tablets containing extract powder. Dissolution studies revealed that hyperforin, hypericin, and rutin were more rapidly released from tablets containing granulated extract. Therefore, roller compaction leveled out the differences in technological properties between the eight dry herbal extracts and compression of granulated extract significantly improved tablet quality.
Protein Kinase C Beta Isoenzymes in Diabetic Kidneys and Their Relation to Nephroprotective Actions of the ACE Inhibitor Lisinopril
2002-01-01

Inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or beta isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) are nephroprotective in diabetes mellitus. We investigated the influence of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus and of treatment with the ACE inhibitor lisinopril (4 mg/kg p.o. twice daily for 4 weeks) on the expression of PKC beta 1 and PKC beta 2 in the renal cortex of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Immunohistochemistry indicated an enhanced renocortical accumulation of macrophages expressing both MHC II, a marker for antigen-presenting cells, as well as PKC beta 2 in STZ diabetes which was confirmed by Western blotting demonstrating an enhanced renocortical expression of MHC II (1.8-fold) as well as of membrane-associated PKC beta 2 (1.9-fold). Whereas immunohistochemistry could not detect unequivocal alterations, Western blotting showed a rise in the renocortical expression of membrane-associated PKC beta 1 (1.7-fold) in STZ diabetes. Lisinopril lowered renocortical albumin content and proteinuria in STZ diabetes and attenuated the enhanced accumulation of macrophages expressing PKC beta 2 as well as the increase of membrane-associated expression of PKC beta 1 and PKC beta 2 in the renal cortex. The data suggest that the nephroprotective actions of the ACE inhibitor lisinopril in experimental diabetes mellitus were associated with and thus could be mediated in part by inhibition of diabetes-induced activation of PKC beta isoenzymes in the renal cortex.
Functional logic overloading
2002-01-01

Functional logic overloading is a novel approach to user-defined overloading that extends Haskell's concept of type classes in significant ways. Whereas type classes are conceptually predicates on types in standard Haskell, they are type functions in our approach. Thus, we can base type inference on the evaluation of functional logic programs. Functional logic programming provides a solid theoretical foundation for type functions and, at the same time, allows for programmable overloading resolution strategies by choosing different evaluation strategies for functional logic programs. Type inference with type functions is an instance of type inference with constrained types, where the underlying constraint system is defined by a functional logic program. We have designed a variant of Haskell which supports our approach to overloading, and implemented a prototype front-end for the language.
Quadrupole moments of [Formula Presented] and [Formula Presented] in the [Formula Presented] expansion
2002-01-01

We calculate expressions for the quadrupole moments of nonstrange baryons in which the number of QCD color charges is N_c. Using only the assumption of single-photon exchange, we obtain 4 relations among the 6 moments, and show how all of them may be obtained from Q_{\\Delta^+ p} up to O(1/N_c^2) corrections. We compare to the N_c=3 case, and obtain relations between the neutron charge radius and quadrupole moments. We also discuss prospects for the measurement of these moments.
The heat shock protein Gp96 links innate and specific immunity
2002-01-01

Among other heat shock proteins (HSPs), the ER-resident chaperone Gp96 has been described as a potent tumour vaccine in animal models. A growing list of data underlines that Gp96 triggers both arms of pathogen defence-innate and specific immunity-in a synergistic and most efficient way: It enables specific immune responses by transferring immunogenic peptides that have been acquired in the ER to the MHC class I pathway of antigen presenting cells (APCs). For this, two important features of Gp96 are required. First, its ability to bind immunogenic peptides. Secondly, its acquisition by specialized antigen presenting cells capable of inducing cellular immune responses. Due to specific receptors on the surface of APCs, this uptake from the extracellular space occurs very efficiently and rapidly. Serving the innate branch of immunity, Gp96 unspecifically activates APCs, which then provide a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu and co-stimulation to cytotoxic T cells. Thus, Gp96 uses all resources of the immune system to trigger cytotoxic T cell responses against associated peptides.
Diterpenoids fromSalvia Ceratophylla
2002-01-01

Salvia ceratophylla L. has yielded four known and two new diterpenoids together with two triterpenic acids, a steroid and a flavone. The structures of the compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses. One of the known compounds candidissiol exhibited a high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Proteus mirabilis.
Use of Hematopoietic Growth Factors in Elderly Patients Receiving Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
2002-01-01

Myelosuppression is a common side effect in elderly patients undergoing chemotherapy. Neutropenia and anemia cause considerable morbidity, may increase mortality, and can result in a worse outcome of treatment in elderly patients compared to younger patients with comparable type and stage of disease. The availability and proven efficacy of hematopoietic growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO) have had a considerable impact on supportive care in cancer patients: Several randomized trials have demonstrated a reduction of neutropenia and the frequency of severe infections in elderly patients treated with G-CSF following myelotoxic chemotherapy compared with patients without growth factor support. Both for G-CSF and for recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) several studies have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of these molecules in elderly patients with regard to increasing hemoglobin concentrations, improving quality of life (rHu-EPO), and neutrophil recovery. Although a positive effect of the use of growth factors on overall survival in elderly cancer patients is not yet proven, a reduction of chemotherapy-induced side effects could clearly be shown. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) of cancer centers has recommended that all patients aged 70 years and older treated with CHOP or cytotoxic chemotherapy of comparable intensity should receive prophylactic G-CSF administration, and that the hemoglobin concentration be maintained at >or=12 g/dl in elderly patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Roller Compaction and Tabletting of St. John's Wort Plant Dry Extract Using a Gap Width and Force Controlled Roller Compactor. II. Study of Roller Compaction Variables on Granule and Tablet Properties by a 33Factorial Design
2002-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of roller compaction parameters and the amount of magnesium stearate used in dry granulation on granule and tablet properties of a dry herbal extract from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). Two different extract batches were blended with magnesium stearate and compacted using a gap width and force controlled roller compactor. A 3(3) factorial design was used to evaluate the influence of the three independent variables, the amount of magnesium stearate, the roller compaction force, and the granulating sieve size on the mean particle size of granulated extracts and on the disintegration time of tablets containing these granulated extracts. The evaluation was done by multilinear stepwise regression analysis. The mean particle size d50 (R2 > 0.9) of both compacted extracts increased with increasing compaction force and with granulating sieve size. The disintegration time of the tablets was mostly in the range 5-15 min and increased slightly with increasing magnesium stearate concentration in the compacted extract and with decreasing compaction force of the roller compaction. The incorporation of magnesium stearate into the granulated extract reduced its potential negative influence on the disintegration time, while maintaining its functionality as a lubricant.
Metallkomplexe eines Methoxyalkyl-funktionalisierten 2,3-Dihydroimidazol-2-ylidens/ Metal Complexes of a Methoxyalkyl Functionalized 2,3-Dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene
2002-01-01

2,3-Dihydro-1,3-di-3'-methoxypropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (2, Carb) reacts with Pd(MeCO 2 ) 2 or Me 2 SnCl 2 to give the complexes (Carb) 2 Pd(MeCO 2 ) 2 (5) and (Carb)SnMe 2 Cl 2 (6), respectively. The X-ray structure analysis of 5 clearly demonstrates the η 1 -coordination of the carbene ligand in the solid state while NMR data imply a weak Pd-O interaction in solution. In 6, the X-ray structure analysis reveals Sn-O distances close to the sum of the van der Waals-radii.
A New Laboratory Scale Synthesis for the Anticancer Drug 3′-C-Ethynylcytidine
2002-01-01

A new synthetic route for the preparation of larger quantities of the anticancer nucleoside analogue 3′-C-ethynylcytidine is described. Starting from cytidine which was orthogonally protected in three steps, the ketonucleoside analogue as the key intermediate was obtained through oxidation of the unprotected 3′-hydroxy group. Stereoselective addition of the trimethylsilyl-protected acetylide residue at the 3′-carbonyl group followed by a complete deprotection afforded 3′-C-ethynylcytidine in an overall yield of 24% in seven steps.
Absolute configuration and conformational analysis of a degradation product of inhalation anesthetic Sevoflurane: A vibrational circular dichroism study
2002-01-01

Abstract 1,1,1,3,3‐pentafluoro‐2‐(fluoromethoxy)‐3‐methoxypropane, compound B , is a product obtained in the degradation of the anesthetic Sevoflurane. Enantiopure (+)‐ B was investigated using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). Experimental absorption and VCD spectra of (+)‐ B in CDCl 3 solution in the 2,000–900 cm −1 region are compared with the ab initio predictions of absorption and VCD spectra obtained from density functional theory using B3LYP/6‐31G* basis set for different conformers of ( S )‐1,1,1,3,3‐pentafluoro‐2‐(fluoromethoxy)‐3‐methoxypropane. This comparison indicates that (+)‐ B is of the ( S )‐configuration in CDCl 3 solution, in agreement with previous literature results. Our results also indicate that this compound adopts six predominant conformations in CDCl 3 solution. Chirality 14:618–624, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drying of samples may alter foraminiferal isotopic ratios and faunistic composition
2002-01-01

Abstract Drying of marine sediment samples is required to determine the number of foraminifers per g as an indication for paleoenvironmental changes. Our results show that oven-drying may lead to alteration of the stable oxygen isotope signal. The δ18O values of Turborotalita quinqueloba (Natland) from dried samples are as much as 2.8‰ lighter than their equivalent from samples which were not dried before preparing. Differences in the isotopic composition of Bulimina aculeata (d'Orbigny) were less dramatic (&lt;0.5‰). The drying as well altered the composition of benthic assemblages, thus oven-drying should be generally avoided.
Geometric Separation and Exact Solutions for the Parameterized Independent Set Problem on Disk Graphs
2002-01-01

We consider the parameterized problem, whether a given set of n disks (of bounded radius) in the Euclidean plane contains k non-intersecting disks. We expose an algorithm running in time % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagCart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOBamaaCa % aaleqabaGaam4taiaacIcadaGcaaqaaiaadUgaaWqabaWccaGGPaaa % aOGaaiilaaaa!3B12! that is—to our knowledge—the first algorithm for this problem with running time bounded by an exponential with a sublinear exponent. The results are based on a new "geometric √∙-separator theorem" which holds for all disk graphs of bounded radius. The presented algorithm then performs, in a first step, a "geometric problem kernelization" and, in a second step, uses divide-and-conquer based on our geometric separator theorem.
Recurrent Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma of the Skull Base and the Paranasal Sinuses Presenting with Acute One-Sided Blindness
2002-01-01

The etiology, pathogenesis, histopathologic diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of giant cell reparative granulomas of the skull are controversial. We report a 14-year-old girl with an advanced recurrent giant cell reparative granuloma of the skull base and paranasal sinuses whose only clinical manifestation was a loss of vision. After undergoing endovascular catheter embolization, the patient underwent repeated surgical resections of the mass via a combined frontobasal and modified infratemporal approach followed by radiation therapy. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of giant cell reparative granuloma. A traumatic event in the patient's history-a fossa canina abscess followed by tooth extraction 14 months before admission-supports the theory of a reactive reparative process as a pathogenetic mechanism for this disease. Histopathologic criteria and clinical aggressiveness must be considered to achieve adequate treatment of giant cell lesions of the skull.
TroiaVR: A Virtual Reality Model of Troy and the Troad
2002-01-01

Abstract. TroiaVR is part of a two-year project called &amp;quot;Virtual Archaeology&amp;quot;. IT-components for archaeological virtual reality (VR) presentation systems are being developed. An installation including reconstructions of Troy II, VI, VIII, its past and present landscape setting, and context information, has been shown as part of an exhibition in Bonn (Germany). &amp;quot;Workbench &amp;quot; tools to create, manipulate, and present VR content, and to run the system on personal computers instead of workstations, should make such systems more accessible to archaeologists. We look into possible ways of linking archaeological information systems closely to a VR environment in order to use the technology not only for presentation purposes, but also as a research tool. Marketing opportunities for archaeological VR presentation systems are being explored. In the long run, we hope to provide a source of income for archaeologists to at least partly sustain further research.
The numerical simulation of microstructure
2002-01-01

Abstract This review discusses the attempts that have been made by geologists to numerically simulate the evolution of microstructures in rocks. The strengths and weaknesses of the differing techniques are compared and equivalent materials science results are included. In particular we focus on the application of techniques that have been used to predict texture development, grain boundary geometries, deformation in one and two-phase systems and crystal growth.
Drying of samples may alter foraminiferal isotopic ratios and faunistic composition
2002-01-01

Other| January 01, 2002 Drying of samples may alter foraminiferal isotopic ratios and faunistic composition Michael Sperling; Michael Sperling University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Syee Weldeab; Syee Weldeab Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Gerhard Schmiedl Gerhard Schmiedl Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Michael Sperling University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Federal Republic of Germany Syee Weldeab Gerhard Schmiedl Publisher: Micropaleontology Press First Online: 03 Mar 2017 Online Issn: 0026-2803 Print Issn: 1937-2795 GeoRef, Copyright 2004, American Geological Institute. Micropaleontology (2002) 48 (1): 87–91. https://doi.org/10.2113/48.1.87 Article history First Online: 03 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Michael Sperling, Syee Weldeab, Gerhard Schmiedl; Drying of samples may alter foraminiferal isotopic ratios and faunistic composition. Micropaleontology 2002;; 48 (1): 87–91. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/48.1.87 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyMicropaleontology Search Advanced Search Abstract Drying of marine sediment samples is required to determine the number of foraminifers per g as an indication for paleoenvironmental changes. Our results show that oven-drying may lead to alteration of the stable oxygen isotope signal. The delta 18 O values of Turborotalita quinqueloba (Natland) from dried samples are as much as 2.8 per mil lighter than their equivalent from samples which were not dried before preparing. Differences in the isotopic composition of Bulimina aculeata (d'Orbigny) were less dramatic (<0.5 per mil). The drying as well altered the composition of benthic assemblages, thus oven-drying should be generally avoided. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Modelling of karst genesis at the catchment scale - influence of spatially variable hydraulic conductivity
2002-01-01

The aim of this work is to study the genesis of karst aquifers at the catchment scale. Especially the influence of different boundary conditions and geological setting is investigated in several scenarios. A hybrid continuum-discrete flow model is used for the modelling of conduit development. Effects of heterogeneity in hydraulic conductivity and in fracture spacing are examined in four scenarios. For homogeneous conditions a shallow water-table cave develops. If an area of reduced hydraulic conductivity is introduced, the conduit system evolves around this area and a deep phreatic cave is formed. This is true only, if the contrast in hydraulic conductivity is large enough. If an area of higher fracture density is introduced, this area is more intensely karstified, and a local system of deep karstification develops.
Quasi Constricted Linear Representations of Abelian Semigroups on Banach Spaces
2002-01-01

Let (X, || · ||) be a Banach space. We study asymptotically bounded quasi constricted representations of an abelian semigroup P in L(X), i.e. representations (Tt)t ∈ P which satisfy the following conditions: i) for all x ∈ X. ii) X0 ≔ {x ∈ X : limt → ∞||Ttx|| = 0} is closed and has finite codimension. We show that an asymptotically bounded representation (Tt)t ∈ P is quasi constricted if and only if it has an attractor A with Hausdorff measure of noncompactness χ(A) < 1 with respect to some equivalent norm || · ||1 on X. Moreover we prove that every asymptotically weakly almost periodic quasi constricted representation (Tt)t ∈ P is constricted, i.e. there exists a finite dimensional Tt)t ∈ P-invariant subspace Xr such that X ≔ X0 ⊕ Xr. We apply our results to C0-semigroups.
The political economy of reform in Yemen: Privatisation, investment, and the Yemeni business climate
2002-01-01

Abstract This article discusses the economic reform program that is pursued in the Republic of Yemen since the mid nineties which is consistent with structural adjustment themes along the neo-liberal paradigm. The author aims at identifying the main reasons for the severe economic crisis Yemen witnessed in the early nineties. He assesses the economic adjustment program introduced by the international financing institutions before concentrating on central reform aspects. With special reference to privatisation and the flow of foreign direct investment, it is shown that, despite some promising institutional measures, core reform issues have been singled out and structural impediments are preventing the country's economic order from a structural transformation towards a market economy. Finally, some of the most important underlying impediments are addressed with a special view to socio-political constraints and implications. Keywords: YemenEconomic TransformationStructural AdjustmentPrivatisationForeign Direct InvestmentInvestment ClimateInternational Financial Institutions