julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis With Fumaric Acid Esters
2011-03-01

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Treatment of small lower pole calculi--SWL vs. URS vs. PNL?
2011-03-01

According to current guideline recommendations extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) remains the first choice treatment for small and mid-sized renal calculi. However, the results of SWL treatment for lower pole stones can be disappointing whilst more invasive endoscopic modalities, such as flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) are often considered more effective. This article summarizes a point-counterpoint discussion at the 9th eULIS symposium in Como, Italy, and discusses the potential advantages and disadvantages of the different therapeutic approaches.
Fertility Conservation in Breast Cancer Patients
2011-03-01

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. Increasing survival rates after breast cancer, new reproductive techniques and growing interest regarding the quality of life after cancer have brought the possibilities of fertility-preserving treatment to the center of attention of oncologists and affected patients. Many of these women suffer from infertility and premature menopause as a result of chemotherapy. Several measures, for example gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs, hormonal stimulation to cryopreserve oocytes, ovarian tissue cryoconservation or a combination of the methods, can be undertaken depending on the hormone receptor status of the tumor, and the patient's age and partner status. Embryo cryopreservation is currently the most promising fertility preservation option. Early counseling on fertility-preserving strategies is of utmost importance, so that the fertility-preserving method can be integrated into the oncologic therapy regime.
Virtual police: Acquiring knowledge-in-use in virtual training environments
2011-03-01

Police officers are often confronted with different unexpected and untrained scenarios and have to respond adequately. To prepare officers for situations that cannot be trained in reality because of high costs, danger, time or effort involved, virtual training seems to be the obvious choice. This paper explicates a theory-driven design process of a virtual training environment and its application in a German state police department.
The inventory of depressive symptomatology is more sensitive to changes in depressive symptomatology than the hamilton depression rating scale in patients with minor depression
2011-03-01

Background Depression rating scales play a decisive role in the assessment of the severity of depression and the evaluation of the efficacy of antidepressant treatments. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) is regarded as the ‘gold standard’; nevertheless, studies suggest that the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) is more sensitive to detect symptom changes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the IDS is more sensitive in detecting changes in depression symptoms in patients with mild major, minor or subsyndromal depression (MIND). Methods Biweekly IDS-C 28 and HAMD 17 data from 340 patients of a 10-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of sertraline and cognitive-behavioural therapy in patients with MIND were analysed. We investigated sensitivity to change for both scales 1) from assessment-to-assessment, 2) in relation to depression severity level, and 3) in relation to DSM-IV depression criterion symptoms. Results The IDS-C 28 was more sensitive in detecting changes in depression symptomatology over the treatment course as well as for different severity levels, especially in patients with a low depression severity. It assesses the DSM-IV criteria more thoroughly, is better able to track the change of cognitive symptoms and to identify residual symptoms. Conclusions Both scales are well able to assess depressive symptomatology. However, the IDS-C 28 surpasses the HAMD 17 in detecting small changes especially in the core symptoms of depression. This is important for an optimal treatment by capturing early improvements, enabling prompt reactions and detecting residual symptoms.
Finding Teammates Who Are Not Prone to Sucker and Free-Rider Effects: The Protestant Work Ethic as a Moderator of Motivation Losses in Group Performance
2011-03-01

Abstract\\n This study examined whether differences in the endorsement of the `Protestant Work Ethic' (PWE) are related to motivation losses in group work. Three factors were derived from male student scores on the Mirels?Garrett Protestant Work Ethic Scale, Ho's Australian Work Ethic Scale and a scale designed to assess preferences for reward distributions: instrumental value of work, ethical value of work and normative value of equity. The study assessed motivation loss in two situations; one designed to promote free-rider effects and another designed to promote sucker effects. Results showed that the sucker effect was moderated by all three factors but in qualitatively different ways whereas the free rider effect was not strongly moderated by any of the PWE factors.
Hybrid verificatio of temporal properties in hardware dependent software
2011-03-01

The verification of embedded software has become an important subject over the last years. In order to verify temporal properties, formal approaches are efficient, but only applicable for small or medium sized software modules, where they have less state space to explore. Conventional simulation-based methods are still dependent on the systems to be applied and they have additionally the coverage problem, i.e., only the paths executed during the simulation can be monitored. This work presents a semiformal verification approach called SofTPaDS, which is based on the combination of both assertion-based and symbolic simulation approaches for the verification of embedded software with hardware dependencies. This combination shows to be more efficient than the state-of-the-art software model checkers in order to trace deep spaces, and presents improvements of the state coverage relative to a simulation-based verification tool. We have applied our approach to the verification of an industrial automotive embedded software.
A Multi-Centre Pragmatic Trial of Antipsychotic Drug Treatment
2011-03-01

The ELAN study is a prospective multi centre observational trial on the effectiveness and safety of long-term antipsychotic treatment of people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders with quetiapine in comparison to olanzapine and risperidone under real world treatment conditions. 374 adult persons with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder prescribed antipsychotic maintenance therapy with quetiapine, olanzapine or risperidone were included at discharge from inpatient treatment. Psychotropic regimen, psychopathological symptoms, general and cognitive functioning, negative side-effects and quality of life were assessed before discharge and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 month follow-up assessments. Intention-to-treat analyses and crossover analyses were conducted by mixed-effects regression models including random linear time effects and time x treatment effects, controlling for baseline differences and additional psychotropic medication and using propensity scores to control for selection bias. As indicated by significant linear time effects the patients improved with regard to psychopathological symptoms, general functioning, subjective quality of life and cognitive processing speed. No change of extrapyramidal motor side-effects, body mass index or waist circumference was obtained. The lack of any significant time x treatment interaction effects indicated no differences in the safety or effectiveness between the three antipsychotics. Nevertheless, the average hospital admission rate of patients receiving olanzapine was lower in comparison to patients receiving quetiapine or risperidone.
Neural correlates of cognitive behavioural therapy in patients with schizophrenia
2011-03-01

There is evidence that patients with persecutory delusions tend to attribute excessively hypothetical positive events to internal causes and hypothetical negative events to external causes, arrive at hasty conclusions and fail in gathering and assessing adequate feedback, particularly when emotionally salient material is involved. Research on the neural correlates of the corresponding neural correlates and even more so on the potential effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the associated cerebral networks is almost unavailable. The first and preliminary results of a multicentre fMRI study will be presented. In this study eighty schizophrenia patients from the POSITIVE clinical trial and eighty healthy subjects were recruited at six German university hospitals (Bonn, Duisburg-Essen, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Cologne, Tubingen). After nine months of therapy (either with CBT or Supportive Therapy) patients and controls were re-examined enabling the study correlates of cerebral reorganization processes. We found reliable differences in brain activation relating to phenomena of decision making under uncertainty, and biased attribution (self- vs. external reference of emotional events). The comparison of both groups revealed significant decreased activation in key areas for decision making, self-reflection, self-relevance and agency attribution of patients with schizophrenia. The preliminary data analysis of the still blinded treatment arms shows significantly increased activations in these areas after nine months of CBT. This suggest neuroplasitic changes according to relearning strategies in psychotic patients with schizophrenia and will hopefully give rise to a more widespread application of CBT in treatment of schizophrenia.
Recovery of cortical functioning in abstinent alcohol dependent patients? Prefrontal brain oxygenation during verbal fluency at different phases during withdrawal
2011-03-01

Introduction/objectives Neurotoxic effects of alcohol consumption are well-known. There is plenty of literature on frontal lobe impairment on the behavioral and structural brain imaging level. However, only few functional imaging studies investigated altered neural patterns and even less abstinence-related neural recovery. Here, we investigated if frontal lobe activity tends to normalize in patients that remain successfully abstinent. Methods In a cross-sectional design three patient groups (acute withdrawal, detoxified, abstinent) and healthy controls (each n = 20) performed a phonological and semantical verbal fluency task (VFT) while brain activity was measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Results First, for the phonological condition patients in the acute withdrawal phase and also detoxified patients showed less fluency-related frontal lobe activation compared to controls despite equal performance. Second, significant linear trend effects from withdrawal patients over detoxified and abstinent patients up to healthy controls indicated more normal activation patterns in the abstinent group that did not differ from the controls. In the detoxified group brain activation increased with time since detoxification. Conclusions Our results support the assumption of an increase in frontal brain activity from alcohol dependency over abstinence up to normal functioning. Longitudinal studies are needed to further elucidate recovery processes in alcohol dependency.
Acquiring knowledge-in-use in virtual training environments: A theory driven design process
2011-03-01

In daily work routines of police officers, situations may occur that have not been trained previously because of high costs, because of the danger, time or effort involved. But some knowledge-in-use is required to respond adequately to these complex situations, thus virtual training seems to be the obvious choice. In order to develop a virtual training environment, we need an understanding of the underlying learning processes. This paper explicates a theory-driven design process of a virtual training environment and its application in a German state police department. We conceptualize how the acquisition of knowledge-in-use in virtual training environments takes place and focus on what is possible in virtual training.
Patients with neuromuscular scoliosis after spinal fusion and instrumentation: clinical, radiometric and functional results
2011-03-01

Objective: There are negative effects of neuromuscular scoliosis on motor function, respiratory capacity and pain. Effects on respiratory and motor function and complications after spinal surgery were analysed in a retrrospective study.
Spatiotemporal Tuning of the Facilitation of Biological Motion Perception by Concurrent Motor Execution
2011-03-02

The execution of motor behavior influences concurrent visual action observation and especially the perception of biological motion. The neural mechanisms underlying this interaction between perception and motor execution are not exactly known. In addition, the available experimental evidence is partially inconsistent because previous studies have reported facilitation as well as impairments of action perception by concurrent execution. Exploiting a novel virtual reality paradigm, we investigated the spatiotemporal tuning of the influence of motor execution on the perception of biological motion within a signal-detection task. Human observers were presented with point-light stimuli that were controlled by their own movements. Participants had to detect a point-light arm in a scrambled mask, either while executing waving movements or without concurrent motor execution (baseline). The temporal and spatial coherence between the observed and executed movements was parametrically varied. We found a systematic tuning of the facilitatory versus inhibitory influences of motor execution on biological motion detection with respect to the temporal and the spatial congruency between observed and executed movements. Specifically, we found a gradual transition between facilitatory and inhibitory interactions for decreasing temporal synchrony and spatial congruency. This result provides evidence for a spatiotemporally highly selective coupling between dynamic motor representations and neural structures involved in the visual processing of biological motion. In addition, our study offers a unifying explanation that reconciles contradicting results about modulatory effects of motor execution on biological motion perception in previous studies.
Horseshoe bats make adaptive prey-selection decisions, informed by echo cues
2011-03-02

Foragers base their prey-selection decisions on the information acquired by the sensory systems. In bats that use echolocation to find prey in darkness, it is not clear whether the specialized diet, as sometimes found by faecal analysis, is a result of active decision-making or rather of biased sensory information. Here, we tested whether greater horseshoe bats decide economically when to attack a particular prey item and when not. This species is known to recognize different insects based on their wing-beat pattern imprinted in the echoes. We built a simulation of the natural foraging process in the laboratory, where the bats scanned for prey from a perch and, upon reaching the decision to attack, intercepted the prey in flight. To fully control echo information available to the bats and assure its unambiguity, we implemented computer-controlled propellers that produced echoes resembling those from natural insects of differing profitability. The bats monitored prey arrivals to sample the supply of prey categories in the environment and to inform foraging decisions. The bats adjusted selectivity for the more profitable prey to its inter-arrival intervals as predicted by foraging theory (an economic strategy known to benefit fitness). Moreover, unlike in previously studied vertebrates, foraging performance of horseshoe bats was not limited by costly rejections of the profitable prey. This calls for further research into the evolutionary selection pressures that sharpened the species's decision-making capacity.
Employment Protection and Temporary Work Agencies
2011-03-02

Abstract Employers who use temporary agency staff in contrast to regular staff are not affected by employment protection regulations when terminating a job. Therefore, services provided by temporary work agencies may be seen as a substitute for regular employment. In this paper, we analyse the effects of employment protection on the size of the temporary work agency sector in a model of equilibrium unemployment. We find that higher firing costs may even reduce temporary work agency employment if agencies themselves are subject to employment protection, a consideration that distinguishes our results from those for fixed‐term employment arrangements.
Quantitative Assessment of Brain Stem and Cerebellar Atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Types 3 and 6: Impact on Clinical Status
2011-03-03

Our current findings in accordance with recent neuroradiologic and pathoanatomic studies suggest brain stem and cerebellar volume loss as attractive surrogate markers of disease severity in SCA3 and SCA6.
Integrative prognostic risk score in acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype
2011-03-04

Abstract To integrate available clinical and molecular information for cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) patients into one risk score, 275 CN-AML patients from multicenter treatment trials AML SHG Hannover 0199 and 0295 and 131 patients from HOVON/SAKK protocols as external controls were evaluated for mutations/polymorphisms in NPM1, FLT3, CEBPA, MLL, NRAS, IDH1/2, and WT1. Transcript levels were quantified for BAALC, ERG, EVI1, ID1, MN1, PRAME, and WT1. Integrative prognostic risk score (IPRS) was modeled in 181 patients based on age, white blood cell count, mutation status of NPM1, FLT3-ITD, CEBPA, single nucleotide polymorphism rs16754, and expression levels of BAALC, ERG, MN1, and WT1 to represent low, intermediate, and high risk of death. Complete remission (P = .005), relapse-free survival (RFS, P &lt; .001), and overall survival (OS, P &lt; .001) were significantly different for the 3 risk groups. In 2 independent validation cohorts of 94 and 131 patients, the IPRS predicted different OS (P &lt; .001) and RFS (P &lt; .001). High-risk patients with related donors had longer OS (P = .016) and RFS (P = .026) compared with patients without related donors. In contrast, intermediate-risk group patients with related donors had shorter OS (P = .003) and RFS (P = .05). Donor availability had no impact on outcome of patients in the low-risk group. Thus, the IPRS may improve consolidation treatment stratification in CN-AML patients. Study registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00209833.
Simultaneous Spectroscopic and Topographic Near-Field Imaging of TiO2 Single Surface States and Interfacial Electronic Coupling
2011-03-04

We have probed single surface states and the involved interfacial charge transfer coupling on the TiO(2) surface using confocal as well as tip-enhanced near-field topographic-spectroscopic imaging analysis on a niobium-doped rutile TiO(2)(110) surface. The confocal images excited with a radially polarized donut mode render ring-shaped excitation patterns typical for quantum systems with two perpendicular transition dipole moments. The tip-enhanced near-field optical images of single surface states are visualized by the strong exciton plasmon-polariton coupling localized at the subdomain boundaries with a spatial resolution of ∼15 nm (far beyond the optical diffraction limit). We suggest that the abundant surface states in the doped TiO(2) generate excitons under laser excitation which are strongly coupled to the surface plasmon-polaritons of the Au tip. Moreover, the interfacial electronic molecule-substrate coupling has been characterized by probing the molecule-perturbed surface states distribution and the associated specific Raman vibrational modes. The imaging and characterization of the surface states and their distributions on TiO(2) surfaces at nanoscale are critically relevant to a deep understanding of interfacial electron transfer dynamics and energetics involving in solar energy conversion, photocatalysis, and mechanistic understanding of surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy.
A new and quite general existence proof for static and spherically symmetric perfect fluid stars in general relativity
2011-03-04

Abstract\\nIn comparison to previous existence proofs for static and spherically symmetric perfect fluid stars in general relativity the new proof applies to a more general class of equations of state: In the star's interior we allow for piecewise Lipschitz continuous functions, in this way including the physically important case of phase transitions. Near the star's surface we allow for even more general functions, thereby including a large class of polytropic equations of state. Furthermore, the proof technique proceeds along standard techniques of functional analysis (Banach's fixed point theorem), and therefore applies in a similar manner to static stars in Newtonian gravity, and perhaps to rotating Newtonian and Einsteinian stars. In detail, the Einstein field equations for static perfect fluid stars are transformed to a system of coupled nonlinear integral equations being valid equally in the matter region and in the vacuum exterior. These integral equations are interpreted as a mapping in a Banach space. With the standard iteration technique, beginning with appropriate start functions, it is proven that the mapping has a unique fixed point, and that the solutions have appropriate regularity properties determined by the properties of the equation of state. The Introduction gives an overview of earlier work on such systems, on the question of sphericity of static fluid stars, and on possible extensions of the above methods to rotating Newtonian and Einsteinian stars. An Outlook addresses the question whether our proof method may be extensible to piecewise Holder continuous equations of state.