julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Growth and Resorption of Bubbles in Magma
2020-01-01

The rate and timing of bubble growth in magma is an important control on eruption style, determining whether or not magma fragments to produce an explosive eruption. Bubbles nucleate, grow, shrink, and de-nucleate in magma in response to changes in pressure and temperature, and these changes may be recorded in the vesicle textures, and in the spatial distribution and speciation of water ‘frozen into’ the glass in eruption products. We have developed a numerical model for growth and resorption of bubbles in magma, and validated it against experiments across a wide range of conditions. The model allows for arbitrary temperature and pressure pathways, and accounts for the impact of spatial variations in water content on diffusivity and viscosity. Textures in natural, vesicular volcanic rocks are often used to interpret eruptive processes. Similarly, high-pressure, high-temperature experiments are used to probe bubble growth processes, via textural and chemical analysis of the experimental products. However, in both cases, the analysed samples have cooled from magmatic temperatures before analysis, providing a window for thermally-driven bubble shrinkage and resorption to modify the sample. Consequently, interpretations of syn-eruptive and syn-experimental processes must account for changes during cooling. We present results from in situ experiments under synchrotron-source tomography, which demonstrate the thermally driven growth and resorption of bubbles in magma at one atmosphere. The model is applied to 4D textural data, and used to investigate the role of bubble-bubble interactions in modifying growth and resorption behaviour. We also apply the model to re-analyse the results of high-temperature, highpressure experiments, and demonstrate the importance of accounting for thermal resorption during cooling.
Second harmonic generation enhancement by polarization-matched nanostructures -INVITED
2020-01-01

Frequency conversion plays an important role in both fundamental and applied nano-optics. Doubling the frequency of light by second harmonic generation (SHG) is a vital process e.g. in laser optics or high-resolution microscopy. SHG can be created through symmetry breaking at plasmonic nanostructures, or the local high electric near-fields of plasmonic nanoantennas can be utilized to further enhance the SHG e.g. from nonlinear crystals. Examples of SHG microscopy using cylindrical vector beams in combination with tilted nanocones and radially symmetric oligomers are shown as well as enhancement studies of the SHG from nonlinear crystals decorated with polarization-matched nanostructures.
TIMELY: Improving Labeling Consistency in Medical Imaging for Cell Type Classification
2020-01-01

Diagnosing diseases such as leukemia or anemia requires reliable counts of blood cells. Hematologists usually label and count microscopy images of blood cells manually. In many cases, however, cells in different maturity states are difficult to distinguish, and in combination with image noise and subjectivity, humans are prone to make labeling mistakes. This results in labels that are often not reproducible, which can directly affect the diagnoses. We introduce TIMELY, a probabilistic model that combines pseudotime inference methods with inhomogeneous hidden Markov trees, which addresses this challenge of label inconsistency. We show first on simulation data that TIMELY is able to identify and correct wrong labels with higher precision and recall than baseline methods for labeling correction. We then apply our method to two real-world datasets of blood cell data and show that TIMELY successfully finds inconsistent labels, thereby improving the quality of human-generated labels.
Rodrigo Polanco, The Return of the Home State to Investor-State Disputes: Bringing Back Diplomatic Protection?
2020-01-01

Is the past of investor-state dispute settlement ('ISDS') also its future? This is the question at the heart of Rodrigo Polanco's new monograph The Return of the Home State to Investor-State Disputes: Bringing Back Diplomatic Protection? (Cambridge University Press 2019). The current dispute settlement regime, providing access for investors to institutional arbitral proceedings before an international tribunal based on international treaty norms, is a fairly recent phenomenon. The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Convention, providing the main procedural framework, entered into force in 1966, whereas the first investment treaty award was only decided in 1990, and ISDS only took off in the late 1990s or early 2000s. Before this, the protection of investments abroad was a matter for the investor's home state, with diplomatic protection as the adequate legal mechanism for such intervention with the host state. Under the Vattelian paradigm the investor's dispute with the host state, under international law, constituted actually a dispute between the home and the host state: violating the interest of investors of the home state meant violating the home state's rights. Conversely, as its own rights were at issue (and not the investor's), it was within the home state's exclusive discretion whether or not to take up the matter with the host state. This is what ISDS fundamentally changed: The dispute became a matter between the investor and the host state, with the investor enjoying authority over the decision whether or not to pursue its (international treaty) rights on the international level before an international tribunal—and with the home state mostly out of the picture, not at least due to Article 27 of the ICSID Convention. Polanco's book confronts us with the question whether we are about to enter an age—or have already reached it—in which diplomatic protection and the home state's influence on the investment dispute again play a more prominent role.
A Mobile Application to Visualize Historic Land Use along Hiking Trails in Southern Germany
2020-01-01

Land-use and land-cover change is a global phenomenon that poses great challenges to people, who often oppose changes in the familiar landscape (Foley et al., 2005). However, it needs to be recognized that humans have continuously shaped and intensively intervened in the landscape throughout history, creating the ‘Kulturlandschaft’ (cultural landscape) we see today, and leading to the scientific preoccupation with the ‘Anthropocene’ (Ellis, 2011). By enriching locations with digital content, this knowledge can be better conveyed, since so-called ‘augmented places’ not only convey information, but also allow the embodiment of what has been learned through increased immersion (Chang, Hou, Pan, Sung &amp; Chang, 2015). We present an application that combines historical landscape change and the legacies of early mechanization through a mobile WebGIS designed with tourists in mind to convey information about historical land use in a playful way (http://gdi.geographie.uni-tuebingen.de/echaz/map.html). Historical map material for the region of the river Echaz in southwest Germany was digitized and georeferenced, organized in a framework of geoservices, and finally made available together with further content in a web app. Ultimately, the aims are to show alternatives to current land use and to address the variability of the landscape, and thus to achieve participation in and acceptance of landscape planning.
The Association of Serum Clusterin Levels and Clusterin Rs11136000 Polymorphisms with Alzheimer Disease in a Turkish Cohort
2020-01-01

Objectives: Several large-scale genome association studies have shown that variants in the “ Clusterin”' ( CLU ) gene are important risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has also been shown that plasma CLU levels were elevated in patients with AD and associated with disease severity and progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the CLU rs11136000 polymorphism was associated with AD in our cohort of Turkish patients. We also evaluated the association of serum CLU levels and rs11136000 genotypes between patients and controls. Materials and Methods: Genotyping was performed in 327 patients who were diagnosed as having AD (mean age: 67.2 ± 10.8 years) and 344 controls (mean age: 57.7 ± 13.1 years). The rs11136000 genotypes were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction with hydrolysis probes. Serum CLU levels were assessed in 25 patients with AD and 10 controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Our results showed no significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies of CLU rs11136000 polymorphisms between patients with AD and controls. Serum CLU levels in patients with AD did not differ from those of the controls. Furthermore, serum CLU levels showed no major difference between carriers of CC and TT + CT genotypes in the controls and patients with AD. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the CLU rs11136000 polymorphism is not associated with AD in our Turkish patients, and rs11136000 genotypes may not have an effect on serum CLU levels.
TüKaPo at SemEval-2020 Task 6: Def(n)tly Not BERT: Definition Extraction Using pre-BERT Methods in a post-BERT World
2020-01-01

We describe our system (TüKaPo) submitted for Task 6: DeftEval, at SemEval 2020. We developed a hybrid approach that combined existing CNN and RNN methods and investigated the impact of purely-syntactic and semantic features on the task of definition extraction. Our final model achieved a F1-score of 0.6851 in subtask 1, i.e, sentence classification.
Data-based approach for identifying repeatability, reproducibility, and stability of industrial processes in series production
2020-01-01

Industrial series production is a complex environment with many factors, which can affect production machinery and the quality of products. Planned maintenance or even the start of a new material batch can have unpredictable and delayed effects on the plant. Typical monitoring systems use control limits to prevent damages in case of critical and sporadic changes, but leak any metrics on repeatability or stability of the process. Having these characteristics helps to identify unintended changes in the process and machinery, and to avoid system failures and quality issues. This work presents a data-based approach, which allows the evaluation of the repeatability of manufacturing processes. Further, it enables identification of process changes along the time or component process geometry and process stability evaluation. Therefore, the high-dimensional process raw data are divided into segments, standardized within these sections, and processed accordingly using the Local Outlier Factor anomaly score. An interactive heat map is used to display the changes along the process. The approach makes use of the fact that the majority of the manufactured products satisfy the production standard and the required quality. For evaluation, data sets from welding series production are used.
When Beards Start Shaving Men: A Subject-object Resolution Test Suite for Morpho-syntactic and Semantic Model Introspection
2020-01-01

In this paper, we introduce the SORTS Subject-Object Resolution Test Suite of German minimal sentence pairs for model introspection. The full test suite consists of 18,502 transitive clauses with manual annotations of 8 word order patterns, 5 morphological and syntactic and 11 semantic property classes. The test suite has been constructed such that sentences are minimal pairs with respect to a property class. Each property has been selected with a particular focus on its effect on subject-object resolution, the second-most error-prone task within syntactic parsing of German after prepositional phrase attachment (Fischer et al., 2019). The size and detail of annotations make the test suite a valuable resource for natural language processing applications with syntactic and semantic tasks. We use dependency parsing to demonstrate how the test suite allows insights into the process of subject-object resolution. Based on the test suite annotations, word order and case syncretism can be identified as most important factors that affect subject-object resolution.
It Ain’t Over Until It’s Over: English Auctions with Subsequent Negotiations
2020-01-01

We consider a standard private value ascending-bid auction and show that subsequent negotiations make a seller worse off. The reason is that the seller’s optimal strategy does not change if she can make a take-it-or-leave-it offer to the highest bidder after the auction. Consequently, her expected revenues do not increase with subsequent negotiations, but decrease if the highest bidder has some bargaining power.
Empirical Asset Pricing with Multi-Period Disaster Risk: A Simulation-Based Approach
2020-01-01

We propose a simulation-based strategy to estimate and empirically assess a class of asset pricing models that account for rare but severe consumption contractions that can extend over multiple periods. Our approach expands the scope of prevalent calibration studies and tackles the inherent sample selection problem associated with measuring the effect of rare disaster risk on asset prices. An analysis based on postwar U.S. and historical multi-country panel data yields estimates of investor preference parameters that are economically plausible and robust with respect to alternative specifications. The estimated model withstands tests of validity; the model-implied key financial indicators and timing premium all have reasonable magnitudes. These findings suggest that the rare disaster hypothesis can help restore the nexus between the real economy and financial markets when allowing for multi-period disaster events. Our methodological contribution is a new econometric framework for empirical asset pricing with rare disaster risk.
The Development and the Demise of Protestant Provincial Schools in Inner Austria
2020-01-01

This paper analyzes and clarifies motivations and reasons for a short but intensive development of the secondary level of schooling followed by a sudden end, especially of the so-called Provincial schools, in three Inner Austrian lands (Carniola, Styria and Carinthia) in the 16th century. The situation regarding the organization of schooling in the 16th century was incomparable with the situation in the states headed by the Protestant rulers. Nevertheless, a type of Protestant gymnasium emerged here, which was called Provincial school (Landschaftsschule) and which also required some prior elementary knowledge for enrollment. For each of the three lands — Carniola, Carinthia and Styria — the establishment of the Provincial School was the first actual opportunity for the foundation of a central institution providing not only elementary knowledge, but also higher levels of education partly comparable to the curricula of the faculties of arts. Unfortunately, at the end of the 16th century, the development of the Provincial Schools was forcibly stopped. The article is based upon a thorough analysis and comparison of the relevant primary and secondary sources (in Latin, Slovene, German and English). The results show that all three school underwent similar phases of development and the same sudden termination, despite different inner circumstances, material foundations and time frame. In any case, the three Provincial Schools played an important part in the development of humanistic education on the territory of modern Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Austria.
The Iconography of the Sublime
2020-01-01

This chapter sets out to describe the establishment of the iconography of the sublime by focusing on three central motifs: the shipwreck, the hostility of mountain summits, and the volcano eruption. I first analyze a shipwreck painting by Joseph Vernet in relation to Denis Diderot’s writings and the particularities of the picture’s exhibition at the Paris Academy Salon. Then, the Alpine landscapes of the Swiss painter Caspar Wolf and their oscillation between academic traditions, vedute painting conventions, sublime imagery, and geological accuracy is analyzed by example of the painting Lower Grindelwald Glacier with Lightning. The motif of the volcano eruption is addressed through a group of paintings, whose interplay makes visible a variety of complications inherent to the sublime. The discussed artworks depicting the three motifs feature intrinsic – that is stylistic and formal – innovations that seek to intensify the pictorial experience of their sublime content matters.
The Sublime in Disaster Cinema
2020-01-01

The film analytical chapter moves along the lines of different key moments of the sublime: the Sublime as somatic excess, subjectivity, transcendence, modality, presentability, the geological sublime, the sublime and the ridiculous, as well as sublime hyperobjects and the ecological sublime. The primary analytical tool applied are Edmund Burke and Immanuel Kant’s theoretical models of the sublime. The application of these eighteenth-century theorems for the analysis of twentieth and twenty-first-century motion pictures is solely justified through their shared historical foundation. This historical account takes into view the broader cultural horizon of the sublime, encompassing aesthetic thought, art historical iconographies, media technologies, aesthetic receptive conventions and strategies, scientific, economic, and cultural discourses, as well as general concepts of man’s relation to nature’s forces.
Disaster Cinema. A Historical Overview
2020-01-01

The aim is to give a historical account of the disaster movie genre in chronological order, in continuation of the cultural and technological history of sublime disasters. The films in question employ the receptive and general aesthetic characteristics of the sublime for their depictions of catastrophic events. My discussion also includes the specific media technological environments in which the films were performed, insofar as cinema’s potential to function as a medium of the sublime represents the receptive foundation of the films. What is excluded from this historical account is the interpretations of the films’ disasters as allegories of specific contemporary political and socio-cultural events. In opposition to these (often premature) readings, one must take the immediate sensuality and the receptive tactics of disaster films seriously and elucidate the genre’s transformations by reference to the mechanisms of economic profit and technological innovation and application.
Cinema – A Medium of the Sublime?
2020-01-01

I set out to explore cinema in terms of its potential function as a medium of the sublime. Burke and Kant’s accounts of the sublime are employed to examine their correlation with cinema’s technological, formal, and receptive repertoire. This encompasses intrinsic features such as cinematography’s innovation of putting in motion photographic images, aspects of the montage, the aesthetic potential of the camera as cinema’s central organ of expression and perception, sound effects, and multimedia interplay as well as external features of cinema which constitute the medium as a concrete space for cinematic experiences. To what extent do these various features provoke, facilitate, mediate, or participate in a sensory and affective overpowering of the viewer?
Identifying Corporate Venture Capital Investors – A Data-Cleaning Procedure
2020-01-01

The majority of research on corporate venture capital (CVC) relies on data retrieved from secondary databases. However, various databases define CVC differently. Generally, researchers rely on the definition of the used database. As a result, empirical CVC research is not readily comparable, and replicability across databases is often impossible. This article examines the scope and consistency of the most popular databases in CVC research: Eikon from Thomson Reuters and Dow Jones’ VentureSource. The outcome is a replicable data-cleaning procedure based on an appropriate CVC definition. The article provides a necessary basis for the future discourse on CVC.
BCI-Controlled Motor Imagery Training Can Improve Performance in e-Sports
2020-01-01

Motor imagery (MI) training can improve motor performance which is widely used in sport training. BCI based on MI can demonstrate the quality of mental efforts via neurofeedback based on sensorimotor activation. Despite numerous studies of MI in context of classical sport, there are no studies aimed at improvement for e-athletes performance. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of MI-training on reaction time and velocity in gaming mouse control tasks. The study involved 14 healthy naive volunteers, divided into two subgroups. Experimental subgroup (N = 8) was trained with kinesthetic MI with BCI-visual feedback. The control subgroup (N = 6) had no BCI-feedback. In the speed selection task participants had to click on the correct mouse button. In the fast-clicking task participants should click as fast as they can for one minute. Each task was before (pretest) and after (posttest) MI training. During the training participants imagined finger movements used in actual task executions. During the task executions reaction time was recorded and EEG was recorded during MI training. Performed statistical analysis on a group level included paired comparisons between pretest and posttest (Wilcoxon signed-rank tests). Statistically significant changes (p < 0.05) in the reaction time in speed selection task and reaction velocity in fast clicking task after MI-training in experimental subgroup. Everyone in experimental subgroup had stable ERD during motor imagery, while there were neither differences in reaction time nor in reaction velocity in control group. The obtained results confirm the previously shown effects of motor imagery on sensorimotor performance.
The Humanistic Economics of Krausismo
2020-01-01

Current efforts of reconciling economics with ethics, as exemplified by the works of Amartya Sen, may be assisted by a glance back into the history of ideas. A tradition typically overlooked in Anglo-American scholarship, the Spanish and Latin America movement of krausismo, proposed a conception of a humanistic economics already in the late 19th century. This article reconstructs the intellectual premises of said tradition, portrays its participatory agenda for an integration of ethical norms into economic policy in a selected case and concludes with reflections on how to advance an economics in tune with society’s normative aspirations.
Inequality, Low-Intensity Immigration and Human Capital Formation in the Regions of Chile, 1820-1939
2020-01-01

This article traces inequality and numeracy development in the regions of Chile during the 19th and early 20th century. Inequality, measured with anthropometric methods, was associated with a lower speed of human capital formation. Not all talents received the necessary education to make full use of their talent for the regional economy, especially in the south. However, in its northern regions we find that Chile was relatively equal and numerate during the 19th century, and the south converged somewhat during this period. In addition, we study the correlates of low-intensity immigration in Chile. Regions with a relatively high share of North European migrants developed faster in terms of numeracy.