julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Where did rotational shortening occur in the Himalayas? - Inferences from palaeomagnetic analyses of remagnetisations
2002-10-15

In metacarbonates of the Lesser (LH) and Tethyan (TH) Himalayas of Kumaon/Garhwal (N-India) characteristic remanent magnetisations carried by pyrrhotite (unblocking temperatures: 250-330°C) and magnetite (demagnetising spectra: 15-50 mT) have been identified. Negative fold tests indicate remanence acquisition after the main folding phase, which is of short-wavelength character and occurs during the early orogenese of the Himalayas. A thermal or thermochemical origin of magnetisation is likely and the age of remanence acquisition is indicated to be about 40 Ma by 40K/39Ar cooling and 40Ar/39Ar crystallisation ages. In the Kumaon LH a long-wavelength tilting is indicated by a distribution of the remanence directions along a small-circle in N-S direction. Steepening of the remanence directions in the TH related to ramping on the Main Central Thrust (MCT) was not observed, in contrast to other related studies. In the Alaknanda valley of LH a 38±8 Ma age of remanence acquisition is supported by comparison of observed inclinations to the apparent polar wander path of India. Clockwise rotation of 20.3±11.7° (LH/Alaknanda valley) and 11.3±8.5° (TH) with respect to the Indian plate is observed, indicating that there is no significant evidence for rotational shortening along the MCT since about 40 Ma. Our results suggest that most of rotational underthrusting and oroclinal bending has not been accommodated by the MCT, but by the main thrusts south of it. The latest Miocene/Pliocene age of the Main Boundary Thrust indicates that oroclinal bending is a late-orogenic process.
1,1,2,2-Tetramethoxycyclohexane
2002-10-15

[163125-34-6] C10H20O4 (MW 204.27) InChI = 1S/C10H20O4/c1-11-9(12-2)7-5-6-8-10(9,13-3)14-4/h5-8H2,1-4H3 InChIKey = ZGERRGRQKXRTKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used for the protection of vicinal diols) Physical Data: bp 54 °C (0.4 Torr); nD20 1.4540–1.4600. Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: colorless liquid; available from Avocado, Alfa Aesar, Acros Organics. Purification: fractionally distilled at 0.4 Torr. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: store below 4 °C, Toxicity: cancer suspect agent.
Approximation and convergence of formal CR-mappings
2002-10-16

Let M ? CN be a minimal real-analytic CR-submanifold and M? ? CN?\\na realalgebraic\\nsubset through points p ? M and p? ? M?. We show that that any formal (holomorphic)\\nmapping f : (CN, p) ? (CN?\\n, p?), sending M into M?, can be approximated up to any given order\\nat p by a convergent map sending M into M?. If M is furthermore generic, we also show that\\nany such map f, that is not convergent, must send (in an appropriate sense) M into the set\\nE? ? M? of points of D?Angelo infinite type. Therefore, if M? does not contain any nontrivial\\ncomplex-analytic subvariety through p?, any formal map f as above is necessarily convergent.
[Fatal inhalation of butane-propane gas].
2002-10-16

Fatal intoxications with butane and/or propane are rare although the inhalation of such liquid gases in order to induce hallucinations is not uncommon amongst youngsters, the number of which is difficult to evaluate. Thus the possibility of gas intoxication should be taken into consideration in all cases of unclear death of youngsters, in which case the macroscopic and histological findings will be unspecific whereas the chemical-toxicological analyses, especially of the native brain, lung and liver tissue, lead to definite conclusions.
[Fatal craniocerebral trauma in a young child. I: Forensic documentation, model generation and geometric impact conditions].
2002-10-16

The aim of forensic biomechanics is the reconstruction of traumatic events based on the pathological findings in the victim's morphology and on the traces and shapes of the traumatizing tools. The introduction of Streifenlichttopometrie into forensic science enables 3-dimensional and proportionally accurate documentation of the victim's body and injuring agent with submillimeter precision. The advantages of this method of documentation are the possibilities of producing animated models which correspond exactly to the body's shape and injury topography, and of ascertaining the physical parameters (centers of mass, moments of inertia) of the various body parts and the geometrical impact conditions for the reconstruction of the injury dynamics. This way of proceeding thus enables more precise models than hitherto possible for kinetic and dynamic reconstruction. In the case of an infant who was fatally injured by a wooden sculpture the generation and application of computer aided 3-dimensional reconstruction models are shown.
Fcγreceptor-mediated phagocytosis ofPlasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytesin vitro
2002-10-17

Summary Although convincing evidence exists for the role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in immunity to malaria, antibody titres do not usually predict protection. In this study we have assessed the interaction between Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (PE), opsonized with immune serum containing different amounts of IgG antibody isotypes, with either THP-1 cells, ex-vivo human monocytes or IIAI.6 transfectant cells expressing FcγRIIa-Arg/Arg131 or –His/His131 allotypes. Our results show that PMA-treated THP-1 cells were capable of phagocytosing serum-opsonized PE by FcγRI (CD64) and FcγRIIa (CD32), acting synergistically. The known FcγRIIa polymorphism motivated us to examine its influence on IgG isotype-mediated phagocytosis of opsonized PE with human monocytes and the IIAI.6 transfectant cells expressing either allelic forms. Regardless of the cell type, PE phagocytosis with FcγRIIa-His/His131 was highest following opsonization with a predominantly IgG3-containing immune serum pool. In contrast, PE phagocytosis with FcγRIIa-Arg/Arg131 tended to be higher with an IgG1-containing pool. These results suggest a genetically determined influence of effector cell phenotype on IgG antibody–pathogen interaction in P. falciparum malaria.
Analysis of multilevel methods for eddy current problems
2002-10-18

In papers by Arnold, Falk, and Winther, and by Hiptmair, novel multigrid methods for discrete -elliptic boundary value problems have been proposed. Such problems frequently occur in computational electromagnetism, particularly in the context of eddy current simulation. This paper focuses on the analysis of those nodal multilevel decompositions of the spaces of edge finite elements that form the foundation of the multigrid methods. It provides a significant extension of the existing theory to the case of locally vanishing coefficients and nonconvex domains. In particular, asymptotically uniform convergence of the multigrid method with respect to the number of refinement levels can be established under assumptions that are satisfied in realistic settings for eddy current problems. The principal idea is to use approximate Helmholtz-decompositions of the function space into an -regular subspace and gradients. The main results of standard multilevel theory for -elliptic problems can then be applied to both subspaces. This yields preliminary decompositions still outside the edge element spaces. Judicious alterations can cure this.
The Theta System – a lexico-semantic approach?
2002-10-20

Abstract Tanya Reinhart's “The Theta System” is mainly meant to explain the linking behaviour and the particular binding properties of experiencing verbs. Following Pesetsky (1995), Reinhart argues that verbs like worry possess three arguments: a cause , an experiencer and a subject matter role. Backwards bound anaphors are enabled only if it is the subject matter which is realized externally – it originates VP-internally and its trace is c-commanded by the experiencer : (1) His i health worries every patient i . (Reinhart's example (42a)) If the subject is construed as the cause , it merges directly externally, and the c-command requirement is not met. Bound anaphors are not licensed in this case: (2) ??His i doctor worried every patient i . (Reinhart's example (65b))
Theta roles and argument alternation
2002-10-20

Abstract Introduction Reinhart (this volume, henceforth abbreviated RTS) defines Theta Roles in terms of two features, [c] and [m], and their binary values [+], [−]. Feature [c] covers the concept of causation, feature [m] is associated with the concept of motivation/mental state, or, more basically, with animateness (in view of the fact that non-animate entities don't bear motivations). Argument alternations (called ‘arity’ operations in RTS) are viewed as output of strictly lexical operations: whenever a given verb varies between different argument patterns, one of them has to be analyzed as basic and the others as lexically derived ( Lexicon Uniformity Principle ). RTS focusses on one type of arity operation: the reduction of arguments. It accounts for the reduction of internal arguments (reflexivation operation The barber shaved Max → Max shaved ) as well as for the reduction of external arguments ( Max opened the door → The door opened ) and is furthermore concerned with EXPERIENCER-verb-alternations ( Something (THEME) worries Lucie (EXPERIENCER) → Lucie (EXPERIENCER) worries about something (SUBJECT MATTER) ). The languages under consideration in RTS include English, Hebrew and Dutch. These are different enough to support universal claims (more or less implicit in RTS). In the following remarks, I will present data from German, where this adds further evidence to the PROs and CONs of RTS.
Modelling of physical and reactive processes during biodegradation of a hydrocarbon plume under transient groundwater flow conditions
2002-10-21

Numerical experiments of non-reactive and reactive transport were carried out to quantify the influence of a seasonally varying, transient flow field on transport and natural attenuation at a hydrocarbon-contaminated field site. Different numerical schemes for solving advective transport were compared to assess their capability to model low transversal dispersivities in transient flow fields. For the field site, it is shown that vertical plume spreading is largely inhibited, particularly if sorption is taken into account. For the reactive simulations, a biodegradation reaction module for the geochemical transport model PHT3D was developed. Results of the reactive transport simulations show that under the site- specific conditions the temporal variations in groundwater flow do, to a modest extent, affect average biodegradation rates and average total (dissolved) contaminant mass in the aquifer. The model simulations demonstrate that the seasonal variability in groundwater flow only results in significantly enhanced biodegradation rates when a differential sorption of electron donor (toluene) and electron acceptor (sulfate) is assumed.
Magnetic white dwarfs in the Early Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
2002-10-21

We have identified 7 new magnetic DA white dwarfs in the Early Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our selection strategy has also recovered all the previously known magnetic white dwarfs contained in the SDSS EDR, KUV03292+0035 and HE 0330-0002. Analysing the SDSS fibre spectroscopy of the magnetic DA white dwarfs with our state-of-the-art model spectra, we find dipole field strengths 1.5 MG less than or equal to B-d less than or equal to 63 MG and effective temperatures 8500 less than or equal to T(ef)f less than or equal to 39 000 K. As a conservative estimate, we expect that the complete SDSS will increase the number of known magnetic white dwarfs by a factor 3.
Magnetic white dwarfs in the Early Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
2002-10-21

\\n We have identified 7 new magnetic DA white dwarfs in the\\nEarly Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our selection\\nstrategy has also recovered all the previously known magnetic white\\ndwarfs contained in the SDSS EDR, KUV 03292+0035 and\\nHE 0330–0002. Analysing the SDSS fibre spectroscopy of the magnetic\\nDA white dwarfs with our state-of-the-art model spectra, we find\\ndipole field strengths MG and\\neffective temperatures T_\\\\mathrm{eff} K. As a conservative\\nestimate, we expect that the complete SDSS will increase the number of\\nknown magnetic white dwarfs by a factor 3.\\n\\n \\n
Renal dysfunction in falciparum– malaria is detected more often when assessed by serum concentration of cystatin C instead of creatinine
2002-10-21

Summary objectives To estimate the frequency of renal dysfunction in falciparum malaria by serum concentration of cystatin C, a new sensitive indicator of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). methods Retrospective study of stored sera and patient files. Assessment of renal function by serum concentration of creatinine and cystatin C and comparison of the results from both indicators of GFR. results A total of 108 adult patients with falciparum malaria were included in the study. Concentration of creatinine and cystatin C correlated well ( r = 0.706; P &lt; 0.001). Elevated cystatin C was more frequent than elevated creatinine (54.6% vs. 20.4%; P &lt; 0.001). Patients older than 50 years developed renal dysfunction more often ( P &lt; 0.05) than younger ones. Results from cystatin C and creatinine were concordant in 63 (58.3%) and contradictory in 45 (41.6%) cases. Four (3.7%) patients had elevated creatinine but normal cystatin C levels, hence 63 patients (58.3%) showed elevation of at least one indicator of GFR. The frequency of elevated cystatin C and elevated creatinine was unrelated to body weight, gender or bilirubin level. conclusions The prevalence of impaired renal function in patients with falciparum malaria seems to have been underestimated in the past. Using a sensitive marker, 55% of the patients have a reduced GFR.
NO-Donors (VII [1]): Synthesis and Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory Properties of N-and S-Nitrooxypivaloyl-cysteine Derivatives of Naproxen — A Novel Type of NO-NSAID
2002-10-23

Nitric oxide (NO)has been reported to subserve many of the same mucosal protection mechanisms as prostaglandins and is sufficient for acute gastroprotection and ulcer healing. In fact, NO-donating NSAID hybrid compounds such as the nitrooxybutyl ester of naproxen show reduced ulcerogenic activity while maintaining anti-inflammatory activity. We introduce two prototypes of novel triple-hybrid compounds consisting of cysteine which is known to enhance the activity of organic nitrates and to reduce nitrate tolerance, an NSAID (naproxen), and an organic nitrate (nitrooxypivaloic acid). L-Cysteine ethyl ester first was N-acylated in a CH(2)Cl(2)/H(2)O twophase system using the acid chlorides of naproxen or nitrooxypivaloic acid, respectively, and sodium acetate, or alternatively using the DCC-activated nitrooxy acid in absolute CH(2)Cl(2). The N-acylated intermediates were subsequently S-acylated using the acid chlorides or alternatively the carbonyldiimidazole (CDI)-activated acids again. The two naproxen-cysteine-nitrate hybrid prodrugs were screened in vitro for their cyclooxygenase inhibitory properties relative to naproxen. In this screening the N-nitrooxyacylcysteine derivative was found to be inactive in the concentration range of 0.1-10 micromol/L against both COX-1 and COX-2, while the S-nitrooxyacylcysteine derivative had only weak activity against COX-1.
Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Imported Dengue Fever in Europe: Sentinel Surveillance Data from TropNetEurop
2002-10-24

Travelers have the potential both to acquire and to spread dengue virus infection. The incidence of dengue fever (DF) among European travelers certainly is underestimated, because few centers use standardized diagnostic procedures for febrile patients. In addition, DF is currently not reported in most European public health systems. Surveillance has commenced within the framework of a European Network on Imported Infectious Disease Surveillance (TropNetEurop) to gain information on the quantity and severity of cases of dengue imported into Europe. Descriptions of 294 patients with DF were analyzed for epidemiological information and clinical features. By far the most infections were imported from Asia, which suggests a high risk of DF for travelers to that region. Dengue hemorrhagic fever occurred in 7 patients (2.4%) all of whom recovered. Data reported by member sites of the TropNetEurop can contribute to understanding the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of imported DF.
Surface effects in magnetic microtraps
2002-10-24

We have investigated Bose-Einstein condensates and ultra cold atoms in the\\nvicinity of a surface of a magnetic microtrap. The atoms are prepared along\\ncopper conductors at distances to the surface between 300 um and 20 um. In this\\nrange, the lifetime decreases from 20 s to 0.7 s showing a linear dependence on\\nthe distance to the surface. The atoms manifest a weak thermal coupling to the\\nsurface, with measured heating rates remaining below 500 nK/s. In addition, we\\nobserve a periodic fragmentation of the condensate and thermal clouds when the\\nsurface is approached.\\n
On the development of the shoulder girdle in Crocidura russula (Soricidae) and other placental mammals: evolutionary and functional aspects
2002-10-25

Abstract The development of the shoulder girdle was studied in embryonic stages and a neonate of Crocidura russula using histological sections and 3‐D reconstructions. Neonatal stages of Suncus etruscus and Mesocricetus auratus , both altricial placentals, were also studied. The earliest stage of C. russula , in which the scapula is still partially blastematous, has already a supraspinous fossa. The dorsal portion of the scapular spine does not develop from the anterior margin of the scapula. Its mode of development varies among the placentals studied to date. In some it is completely appositional bone, in others it consists of bone formed mostly by endochondral ossification of a dorsal cartilaginous process stemming from the acromium. During development the supraspinatus muscle increases in size in proportion to the infraspinatus muscle and the humeral head increases in size in relation to the glenoid fossa. Placentals have secondary cartilage in the sternal and acromial ends of the clavicle, a derived feature absent in Marsupialia. Even the most altricial placentals have a more developed shoulder girdle at birth than any newborn marsupial studied to date.
Alternative Splicing and Interaction with Di- and Polyvalent Cations Control the Dynamic Range of Acid-sensing Ion Channel 1 (ASIC1)
2002-10-25

Homomeric acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1) can be activated by extracellular H(+) in the physiological pH range and may, therefore, contribute to neurotransmission and peripheral pain perception. ASIC1a and ASIC1b are alternative splice products of the ASIC1 gene. Here we show that both splice variants show steady-state inactivation when exposed to slightly decreased pH, limiting their operational range. Compared with ASIC1a, steady-state inactivation and pH activation of ASIC1b are shifted to more acidic values by 0.25 and 0.7 pH units, respectively, extending the dynamic range of ASIC1. Shifts of inactivation and activation are intimately linked; only two amino acids in the ectodomain, which are exchanged by alternative splicing, control both properties. Moreover, we show that extracellular, divalent cations like Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) as well as the polyvalent cation spermine shift the steady-state inactivation of ASIC1a and ASIC1b to more acidic values. This leads to a potentiation of the channel response and is due to a stabilization of the resting state. Our results indicate that ASIC1b is an effective sensor of transient H(+) signals during slight acidosis and that, in addition to alternative splicing, interaction with di- and polyvalent cations extends the dynamic range of ASIC H(+) sensors.
On the degeneracy of the IMRT optimization problem
2002-10-25

One approach to the computation of photon IMRT treatment plans is the formulation of an optimization problem with an objective function that derives from an objective density. An investigation of the second‐order properties of such an objective function in a neighborhood of the minimizer opens an intuitive access to many traits of this approach. A general finding is that only a small subset of the parameter space has nonzero curvature, while the objective function is entirely flat in a neighborhood of the minimizer in most directions. The dimension of the subspace of vanishing curvature serves as a measure for the degeneracy of the solution. This finding is important both for algorithm design and evaluation of the mathematical model of clinical intuition, expressed by the objective function. The structure of the subspace of great curvature is found to be imposed on the problem by conflicts between objectives of target and critical structures. These conflicts and their corresponding modes of resolution form a common trait between all reasonable treatment plans of a given case. The high degree of degeneracy makes the use of a conjugate gradient optimization algorithm particularly favorable since the number of iterations to convergence is equivalent to the number of different eigenvalues of the curvature tensor and is hence independent from the number of optimization parameters. A high level of degeneracy of the fluence profiles implies that it should be possible to stipulate further delivery‐related conditions without causing severe deterioration of the dose distribution.
Analysis of particle production in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions within a two-source statistical model
2002-10-25

The experimental data on hadron yields and ratios in central lead-lead and\\ngold-gold collisions at 158 AGeV/ (SPS) and AGeV (RHIC),\\nrespectively, are analysed within a two-source statistical model of an ideal\\nhadron gas. A comparison with the standard thermal model is given. The two\\nsources, which can reach the chemical and thermal equilibrium separately and\\nmay have different temperatures, particle and strangeness densities, and other\\nthermodynamic characteristics, represent the expanding system of colliding\\nheavy ions, where the hot central fireball is embedded in a larger but cooler\\nfireball. The volume of the central source increases with rising bombarding\\nenergy. Results of the two-source model fit to RHIC experimental data at\\nmidrapidity coincide with the results of the one-source thermal model fit,\\nindicating the formation of an extended fireball, which is three times larger\\nthan the corresponding core at SPS.\\n
Chiroptera-inspired robotic cephaloid (CIRCE): A next generation biomimetic sonar head
2002-10-25

The dynamic interplay between signal processing in the acoustic and neural domain renders the biosonar system of bats, a prime example of intelligent, integrated systems in biology. Previous attempts at technical reproductions of this system have studied a few functional aspects but did not produce convincing replicas of the integrated system. In particular, none of them could provide for beamforming pinnae, ear mobility, signal bandwidth and an adequate number of elements in the primary signal representation at the scale of the biological paragon. The CIRCE (http://www.circe-project.org) project brings together a multidisciplinary consortium with all competences necessary for addressing these aspects in conjunction. Well-integrated solutions to the following technological key challenges are therefore sought: (a) Evolution of pinna shapes to optimize performance in natural biosonar tasks. (b) Adaptation of state-of-the-art ultrasonic transducer technology for matching bats in terms of bandwidth and sound pressure level/sensitivity. (c) Actuation of mobile pinnae (including the possibility of nonrigid transformations) within the scale constraints of a bat’s head. (d) Custom-designed DSP hardware providing a qualitative and quantitative reproduction of the neural signal representation at the level of the auditory nerve. [Work supported by the European Commission, LPS Initiative.]