julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Overview of the New European Federation of Neurological Societies’ Guidelines on Molecular Diagnosis of Neurological Disorders
2010-01-01

There has been an explosion of knowledge concerning genetic causation of a number of neurological disorders in the last couple of years since the discovery of the gene mutated in Huntington’s disease almost 20 years ago. This has led to the difficulty of making appropriate choice in the use of genetic testing during the diagnostic procedures in such cases. Therefore the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) has set up a task force to develop guidelines for the general neurologist, and a new series of largely expanded papers has now been published covering the major areas of the field. In this article, the major suggestions established in these guidelines after systematic review of the evidence at hand and experts reaching a consensus are summarised. Currently, there are a number of instances in which molecular testing is of great practical help; however, some instances remain where the place of such a diagnostic tool is not established.
Reaction of a Zwitterionic Pyridinium Ylide with N,N-Dimethylaniline
2010-01-01

1,3-Dimethyl-2,4,6-trioxo-5-pyridinomethyl-1,3-perhydrodiazin- 5-ylpyridinium ylide (3) reacts with N,N-dimethylaniline to give 5-((1,3-dimethyl-2,4,6-trioxo-hexahydropyrimidin- 5-yl)methyl)-5-(4-(dimethylamino)benzyl)-1,3- dimethylpyrimidine- 2,4,6(1H3H5H)-trione (6) in good yield. The crystal structure of 6 is reported
(F)UV Spectroscopy of K648: Abundance Determination of Trace Elements
2010-01-01

We present preliminary results of an ongoing spectral analysis of K 648, the central star of the planetary nebula Ps 1, based on high resolution FUV spectra. K 648, in M 15 is one of only four known PNe in globular clusters. The formation of this post‐AGB object in a globular cluster is still unclear. Our aim is to determine Teff, log g, and the abundances of trace elements, in order to improve our understanding of post‐AGB evolution of extremely metal‐poor stars, especially PN formation in globular clusters. We analyzed FUSE, HST/STIS, and HST/FOS observations. A grid of stellar model atmospheres was calculated using the Tübingen NLTE Model Atmosphere Package (TMAP).
Are There Disadvantaged Clienteles in Mutual Funds? Evidence from German Mutual Fund Investors z
2010-01-01

This paper studies the ∞ow-performance relationship of three difierent investor groups in mutual funds: households, flnancial corporations, and insurances and pension funds, establishing the following flndings: Financial corporations have a strong tendency to chase past performance and also hold an increased share in the top performing funds. Insurances and pension funds show some evidence for performance chasing, however, are underrepresented in the best performing funds. Private households chase performance, but they are also subject to status quo bias in their
Global Height Trends and the Determinants of Anthropometric Welfare, 1810s - 1980s
2010-01-01

The aim of our study is to include all the information on male stature which has been estimated in previous research. 152 countries can be taken into account. Height estimates will be presented on a decadal basis. We study the development in each world regions. When the first era of globalization boomed during the late 19th century, the New World food exporting economies could, for example, have lost some of their initial height advantage. This study will also focus on one of the most important questions in anthropometric history: what determines heights? Apart from general purchasing power and the disease environement, we would expect heights to be also influenced by the availability of high-quality food stuffs (such as milk and meat). Those food items have been identified in previous research as having a bottleneck-type importance for anthropometric values due to their content of high-quality proteins and calcium. Apart from the nutritional value, historical populations needed large amounts of protein to generate antibodies to fight infectious disease (as well as those in today's Less Developed Countries).
Trade Union Membership and Dismissals
2010-01-01

In Germany, there is no trade union membership wage premium, while the membership fee amounts to 1% of the gross wage. Therefore, prima facie, there are strong incentives to free-ride on the benefits of trade unionism. We establish empirical evidence for a private gain from trade union membership which has hitherto not been documented: in West Germany, union members are less likely to lose their jobs than non-members. In particular, using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel we can show that roughly 50% of the observed raw differential in individual dismissal rates can be explained by the estimated average partial effect of union membership.
In Situ Investigation of Iron Meteorites at Meridiani Planum Mars
2010-01-01

The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has encountered four iron meteorites at its landing site in Planum. The first one, informally named Shield measuring approx.30 by 15 cm, was encountered in January 2005 [1, 2] and officially recognized as the first iron meteorite on the martian surface with the name Meridiani Planum after the location of its find [3]. We will refer to it as Shield to avoid confusion with the site. Between July and October 2009, separated approx.10 km from Heat Shield Rock, three other iron meteorite fragments were encountered, informally named Island (approx.60 cm across), Shelter Island (approx.50 by 20 cm), and Mackinac Island (approx.30 cm across). Heat Shield Rock and Block Island, the two specimens investigated in detail, are shown in Figure 1. Here, we focus on the meteorites chemistry and mineralogy. An overview in the mission context is given in [4]; other abstracts discuss their morphology [5], photometric properties [6], and their provenance [7].
Theoretical status of the double beta decay
2010-01-01

The detection of the neutrinoless double beta decay would establish that the neutrino is a Majorana particle and it would allow to measure the absolute neutrino mass in the meV region. To extract from the neutrinoless double beta decay halflife the absolute neutrino mass, the transition matrix element is as important as the experimental data. The dramatic progress in the last years is reviewed to determine these transition matrix elements for the neutrinoless double beta decay. It is shown, that the values calculated in the Quasi-particle Random Phase Approach (QRPA) and the recent results in the interacting boson model agree with each other completely within the uncertainties of the theories, while the shell model yields values which in the region of 76Ge are by a factor 1⁄2 smaller than QRPA. Possible reasons for the differences and an experimental way of measuring the Fermi part for the neutrinoless double beta decay transition matrix elements are discussed. This would allow to determine experimentally which of the two approaches is the correct one. Finally we show that the renormalization parameter gpp, which multiplies the nucleon-nucleon interaction matrix elements can be overconstraint together with the axial charge gA in three nuclei, where the ground state of the intermediate nucleus in the double beta decay system is a 1+ state and apart of the 2νββ also the β− decay for the second leg and the electron capture (EC) in the first leg is measured. It is shown, that this overconstraint determination of gpp and gA leads to the same result for the transition matrix elements as when one adjusts gpp to the 2νββ alone.
Spectral Analysis of Mid-IR Excesses of WDs
2010-01-01

In our Spitzer 24 μm survey of hot white dwarfs (WDs) and archival Spitzer study of pre‐WDs, i.e., central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNs), we found mid‐IR excesses for ∼15 WDs/pre‐WDs. These mid‐IR excesses are indicative of the presence of circumstellar dust that could be produced by sub‐planetary objects. To further assess the nature of these IR‐excesses, we have obtained Spitzer IRS, Gemini NIRI and Michelle, and KPNO 4m echelle spectra of these objects. In this paper we present the analysis of these spectroscopic observations and discuss the nature of these IR excesses.
Identification of the β- and γ-subunits of F1-ATPase as target antigens in anti-M2/PDC-E2 negative primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
2010-01-01

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) reacting with the 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complex (OADC) are the most reliable indicators for the diagnosis of PBC. In the last years we observed in an increasing incidence that sera from PBC patients show in the IFT the typical AMA-pattern but are negative for the OADC when tested in ELISA and Western blotting. With those sera we found in the Western blot a reaction at 60 and 80kDa using a preparation from bovine heart mitochondria. The 60kDa band contained–besides other proteins–subunits of the F0F1-ATPase. Here we will show that two of the five subunits (α, β, γ, δ, ε) of the F1-part are major antigens recognized by sera from anti-M2 negative PBC patients. Recombinant α, β, γ and δ subunits of human F1-ATPase were expressed in E.coli, purified and applied to SDS-electrophoresis followed by transfer to nitrocellulose sheets for Western blotting or excised from the SDS-gels for ELISA. Sera from 27 patients with clinically and histologically proven PBC being anti-M2/anti-PDC-E2 negative but AMA positive, from 22 anti-M2 negative/ANA positive (anti-sp100, anti-gp210), 106 patients with anti-M2 positive PBC and 18 healthy individuals were tested. Twenty-one (78%) of the 27 anti-M2 negative PBC sera reacted with at least one of the four subunits; most sera reacted with the determinants β (n=18; 67%) or γ (n=16; 59%), only two had antibodies to the α, and none to the δ-subunit. Of the 22 anti-M2-negative/ANA positive PBC patients, 13 (59%) reacted with the subunits β and/or γ. Anti-F1-β and –γ-antibodies were also detected in about 50% of 106 anti-M2 positive PBC patients but not in controls. These data indicate that in PBC further AMA occur which contribute to the AMA-IFT-staining and may be taken as a further diagnostic marker in anti-M2 negative PBC patients. As subunits of the F1-ATPase are also expressed on plasma membranes of cholangiocytes this novel antigen/antibody system may be related to pathogenetic processes in PBC.
MODELING MIXING-CONTROLLED REACTIVE TRANSPORT: IMPORTANCE OF COMPOUND DEPENDENT HYDRODYNAMIC AND (HYDRO)MECHANICAL TRANSVERSE DISPERSION
2010-01-01

A correct description of dispersion processes is fundamental in order to model mass transfer, mixing and hence reaction rates during transport of solutes in groundwater. If a plume generated by a continuous source of contamination approaches steady-state conditions, the mixing of reaction partners is mainly controlled by vertical transverse dispersion. The transverse dispersion coefficient therefore determines the extent of the reaction and the length of the contaminant plume 1,2 . Two different physical mechanisms have to be taken into account in order to describe properly transverse mixing 3,4 : local dispersion and flow focusing in heterogeneous porous media. Former experimental and modeling investigations carried out at both laboratory and field scales, showed that local vertical transverse dispersion coefficients are typically very small 5,6 . Mixing of reactants in heterogeneous porous media can be strongly enhanced by flow focusing into high permeability inclusions 7,8 , leading to an effective dispersion coefficient which is higher than the local one. Unfortunately experimental studies on transverse mixing in heterogeneous media are scarce, and the interpretation of the results is difficult due to the uncertainties of the flow field. In this study, a new compound dependent description of local transverse dispersion coefficient was implemented in a reactive transport numerical code. The code was verified against laboratory scale experiments in quasi two-dimensional flow-through systems. The effects of this compound dependency were hence tested in heterogeneous porous media at the laboratory bench scale and at the field scale. A quantitative evaluation of the modeling results was performed through the calculation of flux related dilution indices and comparing the lengths of reactive plumes determined by mixingcontrolled reactions of species characterized by different diffusion/dispersion coefficients. 2 THEORY 2.1 Compound dependent transverse dispersion coefficient
Bank-Specific Shocks and the Real Economy
2010-01-01

Government interventions into the financial system in the form of bail out operations or liquidity assistance are often justified with the systemic importance of large banks for the real economy. In this paper, we test whether idiosyncratic shocks to loan growth at large banks have effects on real GDP growth. We employ a measure of idiosyncratic shocks which follows Gabaix (2009). He shows that idiosyncratic shocks at large firms have an impact on GDP growth in the US. We apply this idea to the banking sector. We find evidence that changes in lending by large banks have a significant impact on GDP growth. This effect is mostly driven by episodes of negative loan growth rates and by the Eastern European countries in our sample.
Systematic Study of Two-Pion Production in NN Collisions—from Single-Baryon to Di-Baryon Excitations
2010-01-01

The two-pion production in nucleon-nucleon collisions has been studied by\\nexclusive and kinematically complete experiments from threshold up to =\\n1.36 GeV at CELSIUS-WASA. At near-threshold energies the total and differential\\ndistributions for the and channels are dominated by\\nRoper excitation and its decay into and channels. At beam\\nenergies 1.1 GeV the excitation governs the two-pion\\nproduction process. In the channel evidence is found for the\\nexcitation of a higher-lying I=3/2 resonance, favorably the . The\\nisovector fusion processes leading to the deuteron and to quasi-stable He,\\nrespectively, %with the production of an isovector pion-pair exhibit no or only\\na modest ABC-effect, {\\\\it i.e.} low-mass enhancement in the -invariant\\nmass spectrum, and can be described by conventional -channel \\nexcitation. On the other hand, the isoscalar fusion process to the deuteron\\n%with the production of an isoscalar pion-pair exhibits a dramatic ABC-effect\\ncorrelated with a narrow resonance-like energy dependence in the total cross\\nsection with a width of only 50 MeV and situated at a mass 90 MeV below the\\n mass.\\n
Macroeconomic shocks and banks’ foreign assets
2010-01-01

Recent developments in international financial markets have highlighted the role of banks in the transmission of shocks across borders. We employ dynamic panel methods for a sample of OECD countries to analyze whether banks’ foreign assets react to macroeconomic shocks at home and abroad. We find that banks reduce their foreign assets in response to a relative increase in domestic interest rates, and they increase their foreign assets when the growth rate of world energy prices rises. The responses are characterized by a temporal overshooting and a dynamic adjustment process that extends over several quarters.
Phase transitions in Proof Theory
2010-01-01

Using standard methods of analytic combinatorics we elaborate critical points (thresholds) of phase transitions from provability to unprovability of arithmetical well-partial-ordering assertions in several familiar theories occurring in the reverse mathematics program.
Radiation, Biological Diversity and Host–Parasite Interactions in Wild Roses, Rust Fungi and Insects
2010-01-01

One of the major tasks in evolutionary ecology is to explain how interspecific interactions influence the dynamics of evolutionary processes and enable radiation and genesis of biological diversity. The bewildering diversity of dog roses is generated by a heterogamous reproductive system. Genetic distance between rose taxa was analysed as base line for the explanation of subsequent radiation of the two host-dependent parasite groups, rust fungi and insects. We investigated the interaction between each host–parasite system and between the parasite groups. We learned that the functional diploidy at the meiotic level is not reflected at the phenotypic level in dog roses. The phytophagous insect community shows only minor differences in composition on different rose species. These invertebrates seem not to be negatively affected by glandular trichomes, but for the rust fungi, Phragmidium glandular trichomes matter, because they are negatively correlated with the infection. The abundance of two rose specialists, the rose hip fly Rhagoletis alternata Fall. and the rose gall wasp Diplolepis rosae L., differed on rose species, but Rh. alternata showed neither any genetic differentiation on host species nor geographical differentiation. As a basic result, we detected that genetic diversity of dog roses is not translated into a host-specific radiation of the parasites. We assume that intensive reticulate evolution of dog roses prevents co-speciation.
Transumbilical Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery: A single center experience
2010-01-01

During the last two years, the so called Single-incision-laparoscopic surgery is developing rapidly and seems to be the next step in reducing abdominal wall trauma for laparoscopic abdominal procedures. Different techniques and equipment are under development and reports cumulate regarding laparoscopic procedures which are performed through one single skin incision. We report our first experiences in single incision laparoscopic surgery for cholecystectomy and transperitoneal hernia repair (TAPP repair). Until now, approximately 50 patients underwent cholecystectomy with this new approach in our clinic, experience for inguinal hernia repair have been made in experimental setup on anatomical specimen. Keywords: Single-incision surgery, NOTES, Cholecystectomy, Hernia repair
An Alternative to Data Transmission in the Amazon Region
2010-01-01

ABSTRACT The low population density in the Amazon and the difficulty of access discourage telecommunication companies to expand their networks to meet the riparian communities. Regatao is a project that seeks to meet this need through the use of boats that navigate on Amazon rivers to connect these remote communities with public networks. The communication in this scenario, extremely dynamic as hostile, has intermittent connectivity, suitable for the implementation of delay-tolerant and disruption-tolerant networks (DTNs) technology. The communities and boats are fixed and mobile nodes of a large ad hoc network. Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.1 [Network Architecture and Design ]: Store and forward networks General Terms Measurement, Documentation, Design, Experimentation Keywords Amazon, DTN, Ad hoc. 1. INTRODUCTION The Amazon region covering 5.217.423 km 2 , comprises more than half of the area of Brazil’s territory. However, its population corresponds to only 12% of the Brazilian population, featuring a human population index of 4%, the lowest in the country. Amazon rivers are roads to the residents of this region causing high traffic of vessels, which play an important role as a means of integrating riparian locales with large cities. Almost all Amazon cities and communities are located on the banks of rivers that account for more than 20,000 km of waterways. Regatao is a research project of Computer Networks and Multimedia Group of Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM). It started with the design of a multihop-based communication between boats and riparian communities, forming a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) [1]. Due intermittent connectivity, the project has been investigating DTN by means of simulation and network virtualization techniques and recently has been planning experimentations on a real testbed.
ABUNDANT PRIMACY EFFECTS IN MAGNITUDE ESTIMATION OF LOUDNESS WITH INVARIANT STIMULUS RANGE
2010-01-01

Since the seminal work by Stevens (1956, 1975) on establishing the psychophysical law, sensory attributes of stimuli such as loudness of tones, have commonly been assessed by magnitude estimation, in which participants directly assign a number to their current sensation (Gescheider, 1997). Magnitude estimation has been argued to largely resist the context effects, although the stimulus range was shown to modulate the loudness estimation of tones presented within the context of a low or a high intensity range (Gescheider & Hughson, 1991). Here, we examine if magnitude estimation of loudness varies as a function of the frequency of occurrence (base rate) and serial order of tones taken from the same intensity range. Fifty six healthy adults assigned to seven separate groups estimated - without a modulus - a set of five tones (60, 65, 70, 75, and 80 dB SPL, sound pressure level) that were equally frequent (base rate, 10-10-10-10-10, soft tones come on the left) and randomized (i) in a standard computer-assisted way or with a bias such that either mainly (ii) soft or (iii) loud tones occurred on the initial trials, i.e., at the series outset. With different-frequent tones, the four randomization conditions were as follows: (iv, v) on overall frequent soft tones (20- 14-8-4-4) and (vi, vii) on overall frequent loud tones (4-4-8-14-20) with either mainly soft or loud tones presented at the series outset. The results indicate abundant primacy effects on magnitude estimation of loudness: Regardless of the overall base rate, higher estimations occurred with mainly soft rather than loud tones presented at the series outset. For the first time, we show the context effects in absolute magnitude estimation of loudness without varying the intensity range. The outcome questions the context invariance of psychophysical scales derived from absolute magnitude estimation. Further research is required to determine if the primacy effects observed are response-bias or sensory dependent.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN BODY LANGUAGE READING
2010-01-01

Body motion is a rich source of information for social cognition. However, gender effects in body language reading are largely unknown. Here we investigated whether recognition of emotional expressions revealed by body motion is gender dependent. To this end, females and males were presented with point-light displays portraying knocking at a door performed with different emotional expressions. Our findings show that gender affects accuracy rather than speed of body language reading. This effect is modulated by emotional content of actions: males surpass in recognition accuracy of happy actions, whereas females tend to excel in recognition of hostile angry knocking. Advantage of women in recognition accuracy of neutral actions suggests that females are better tuned to the lack of emotional content in body actions. The study provides novel insights into understanding of gender effects in body language reading, and helps to shed light on gender vulnerability to neuropsychiatric impairments in visual social cognition.
Real- Time Magnetic Resonance Temperature Mapping in the Brain
2010-01-01

Repetitive MR thermometry was performed on the brain of nine volunteers using GRE, seg EPI, and ss EPI sequences on whole‐body 1.5 T and 3 T clinical systems using comparable acquisition parameters. Phase stability and temperature data precision in the human head were determined over 12 minutes for the three sequences at both field strengths. The ss EPI sequence was the fastest and the most precise sequence for MR thermometry, with significantly higher accuracy compared to GRE. An ex‐vivo swine skeletal muscle model was used to evaluate temperature accuracy of the ss EPI sequence during heating by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).
Radiative Transfer Through Discs of Cataclysmic Variables
2010-01-01

We investigate the influence of the Doppler shift on the radiative transfer through the discs of cataclysmic variables. All the disc structure, the radial and latitude dependence, is included in the radiative transfer. The matter distribution as well as the opacity and emissivity are calculated using the AcDc non‐LTE code.