julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
792 or 793? Charlemagne’s canal project: craft, nature and memory
2020-07-14

In autumn 793, Charlemagne visited the fossatum magnum (the ‘big ditch’ or canal) between the Rhine and Danube. Excavations, dendrochronology and a re‐reading of Carolingian Annals shed new light on the chronology and setting of this canal, which was planned in 792, initiated in 793, and abandoned later that year. The abandonment is attested by both written and archaeological evidence. The different versions of the annals offer a unique opportunity for comparison with the archaeological record. Evidence that works of Vitruvius circulated in the Carolingian court suggests that Charlemagne’s advisers were drawing on classical tradition when they pitched the idea of digging the canal .
ISO-ChaI 52: a weakly accreting young stellar object with a dipper light curve
2020-07-14

\\nWe report the discovery of periodic dips in the multiband light curve of ISO-ChaI 52, a young stellar object in the Chamaeleon I dark cloud. This is one of the peculiar objects that display very low or negligible accretion in their UV continuum and spectral lines, although they present a remarkable infrared excess emission characteristic of optically thick circumstellar disks. We have analyzed a spectrum obtained at the Very Large Telescope with the X-shooter spectrograph with the tool ROTFIT to determine the stellar parameters. The latter, along with photometry from our campaign with the Rapid Eye Mount telescope and from the literature, have allowed us to model the spectral energy distribution and to estimate the size and temperature of the inner and outer disk. Based on the rotational period of the star-disk system of 3.45 days, we estimate a disk inclination of 36°. The depth of the dips in different bands has been used to gain information about the occulting material. A single extinction law is not able to fit the observed behavior, while a two-component model of a disk warp composed of a dense region with a gray extinction and an upper layer with an extinction as in the interstellar medium provides a better fit to the data.\\n
What the Attentional-SNARC and its (null) replications can and cannot tell us
2020-07-14

In response to a point raised by Fischer at al. (2020), we discuss the theoretical implications of both the original Attentional SNARC (Att-SNARC) and its recent failed multi-laboratory replication. In our view, the theoretical importance of the original Att-SNARC can be summarized in two points: (1) there is a conceptual link between numbers and space, which can be observed as Spatial-Numerical Associations, and (2) Spatial-Numerical Associations are involuntary and automatic. We conclude that convergent evidence from other paradigms saves the first point from being challenged in light of the failed replication; but, on the other hand, empirical evidence for the second point no longer holds.
Feasibility of Cell Lines for In Vitro Co-Cultures Models for Bone Metabolism
2020-07-15

Today, over 70 diseases and health conditions are known that negatively affect the bone quality directly or indirectly by their medical treatment, establishing the term metabolic bone disease. Already every third hospitalized patient in Europe suffers from musculoskeletal injuries or diseases. Facing an ageing society and a more and more sedentary lifestyle the number of chronic diseases and consequently metabolic bone diseases are expected to continuously increase. In order to investigate the various disease constellations and/or develop new treatment strategies suitable models representing bone metabolism are required. Many in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models have been described, which have their advantages and limits. We here summarize the advantages and challenges of frequently used models to investigate bone metabolism, focusing on in vitro co-cultures of bone forming osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Comparing own data with published models, we further elaborate the feasibility of commonly used cells lines for such in vitro co-culture models, in order to provide an easy, constantly available, and up-scalable model system for screening alterations in bone metabolism.
Evidence of SARS-CoV2 entry protein ACE2 in the human nose and olfactory bulb
2020-07-15

ABSTRACT Usually, pandemic COVID-19 disease, caused by SARS-CoV2, presents with mild respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough but frequently also with anosmia and neurological symptom. Virus-cell fusion is mediated by Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) with their organ expression pattern determining viral tropism. Clinical presentation suggests rapid viral dissemination to central nervous system leading frequently to severe symptoms including viral meningitis. Here, we provide a comprehensive expression landscape of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteins across human, post-mortem nasal and olfactory tissue. Sagittal sections through the human nose complemented with immunolabelling of respective cell types represent different anatomically defined regions including olfactory epithelium, respiratory epithelium of the nasal conchae and the paranasal sinuses along with the hardly accessible human olfactory bulb. ACE2 can be detected in the olfactory epithelium, as well as in the respiratory epithelium of the nasal septum, the nasal conchae and the paranasal sinuses. ACE2 is located in the sustentacular cells and in the glandular cells in the olfactory epithelium, as well as in the basal cells, glandular cells and epithelial cells of the respiratory epithelium. Intriguingly, ACE2 is not expressed in mature or immature olfactory receptor neurons and basal cells in the olfactory epithelium. Similarly ACE2 is not localized in the olfactory receptor neurons albeit the olfactory bulb is positive. Vice versa, TMPRSS2 can also be detected in the sustentacular cells and the glandular cells of the olfactory epithelium. Our findings provide the basic anatomical evidence for the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the human nose, olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. Thus, they are substantial for future studies that aim to elucidate the symptom of SARS-CoV2 induced anosmia of via the olfactory pathway.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions for Actinic Keratosis from Post-Marketing Surveillance Trials
2020-07-15

Multiple interventions are available for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) showing high efficacy in pivotal trials. However, data from post-marketing surveillance studies have received little attention until now. Here, we systematically investigate interventions for AK from post-marketing surveillance trials as a proxy for real-world efficacy and tolerability. A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL. Pertinent trial registers were hand-searched until 25 March 2020. Results were pooled using a random-effects model to calculate pooled proportions and relative risks (RR) or were described qualitatively. Eleven records with a total sample size of n = 4109 were included. Three of the studies had an active-controlled design, while seven were single-armed. Participant complete clearance ranged from 23.1% for diclofenac sodium 3% gel to 88.9% for ingenol mebutate 0.05% gel. The lesion-specific clearance rate for photodynamic therapy (PDT) was 74% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56–87%). The recurrence rate was significantly higher for diclofenac sodium 3% in comparison to imiquimod 5% cream (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.1.8) and ranged from 10.6% for ingenol mebutate 0.015% gel to 23.5% for PDT. Few patients discontinued the trials due to adverse events. The results from the majority of the post-marketing surveillance studies deviated from those of pivotal trials.
The role of gender ideology, intensive parenting, educational resources, and psychological well-being for parent-child reading frequency
2020-07-15

This study examined frequently discussed parental characteristics and their importance in determining the frequency with which mothers and fathers read to 5 year-old children. It combined theories from various disciplines, focusing on the role of gender ideology, intensive parenting, educational resources and psychological well-being. It extends previous research by including composite effects, i.e. the combination of mothers' and fathers' characteristics.Mothers' and fathers' reading frequency were analysed with ordered logistic regressions and average marginal effects, using wave 3 from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (N = 4,415 families). The results indicated that education and psychological well-being, as well as agreement with intensive parenting views, of both parents play a crucial role in determining their reading frequency: Parents with higher levels of education, those not suffering from depressive symptoms, and those holding intensive parenting values had a higher probability of reading more frequently. Additionally, the results suggested an interaction effect between parents' levels of education, reinforcing the association between education and reading frequency. These are promising findings for the implementation of educational interventions: informing parents about the importance of frequently reading with their children and its benefits for their development might help reduce social inequalities in children's early literacy, even in disadvantaged families.
Assessing potential aquatic toxicity of airport runoff using physicochemical parameters and Lemna gibba and Aliivibrio fischeri bioassays
2020-07-15

Abstract A critical problem derived from airport operations is the environmental impact of runoff water. Airport runoff includes a complex mixture of pollutants, e.g., from deicing agents, that may affect negatively natural water bodies. This study assesses the spatial and temporal aquatic ecotoxicity of runoff water and possible aeroplane drift in a German airport. Over winter 2012–2013, from November to May, water samples were collected within the airport and surrounding area. These samples were analyzed using traditional physicochemical analysis and biotests with two aquatic organisms from different trophic levels, Lemna gibba and Aliivibrio fischeri. Overall, the samples examined in this study were relatively non-toxic to the tested organisms. The physicochemical parameters were mainly influenced by the sampling period being higher in colder months. In contrast, the ecotoxicity was influenced by the sampling site. For sites within the airport, a high correlation between the physicochemical parameters (EC and TOC) and toxicity in L. gibba was found. These correlations were not evident in samples taken outside the airport or when A. fischeri was used as a bioindicator. However, a pronounced seasonality has been observed, linked to the coldest months with average inhibition values of 50% in L. gibba and 25% in A. fischeri , particularly in January. Both biotests yielded differing results; therefore, more biotests should be included. However, L. gibba showed a good response with this type of water samples to be included in future studies together with detailed chemical analysis. The present study provides data to assess the potential ecotoxicological effects of airport runoff affected by winter operations.
The Neural Correlates of Face-Voice-Integration in Social Anxiety Disorder
2020-07-15

Faces and voices are very important sources of threat in social anxiety disorder (SAD), a common psychiatric disorder where core elements are fears of social exclusion and negative evaluation. Previous research in social anxiety evidenced increased cerebral responses to negative facial or vocal expressions and also generally increased hemodynamic responses to voices and faces. But it is unclear if also the cerebral process of face-voice-integration is altered in SAD. Applying functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the correlates of the audiovisual integration of dynamic faces and voices in SAD as compared to healthy individuals. In the bilateral midsections of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) increased integration effects in SAD were observed driven by greater activation increases during audiovisual stimulation as compared to auditory stimulation. This effect was accompanied by increased functional connectivity with the visual association cortex and a more anterior position of the individual integration maxima along the STS in SAD. These findings demonstrate that the audiovisual integration of facial and vocal cues in SAD is not only systematically altered with regard to intensity and connectivity but also the individual location of the integration areas within the STS. These combined findings offer a novel perspective on the neuronal representation of social signal processing in individuals suffering from SAD.
Operative site irrigation with povidone-iodine solution in spinal surgery for surgical site infection prevention: Can it be used safety?
2020-07-15

Povidone-iodine (PVI) is an effective disinfection solution for surgical wounds. However, there is some reports of its adverse effects on wound healing and bone reunion. Here, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of PVI irrigation in the prevention of surgical site infection in spinal surgery.
SmartPeak automates targeted and quantitative metabolomics data processing
2020-07-15

Abstract SmartPeak is an application that encapsulates advanced algorithms to enable fast, accurate, and automated processing of CE-, GC- and LC-MS(/MS) data, and HPLC data for targeted and semi-targeted metabolomics, lipidomics, and fluxomics experiments. Highlights Novel algorithms for retention time alignment, calibration curve fitting, and peak integration Enables reproducibility by reducing operator bias and ensuring high QC/QA Automated pipeline for high throughput targeted and/or quantitative metabolomics, lipidomics, and fluxomics data processing from multiple analytical instruments Manually curated data set of LC-MS/MS, GC-MS, and HPLC integrated peaks for further algorithm development and benchmarking
Sorafenib Maintenance After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia With FLT3–Internal Tandem Duplication Mutation (SORMAIN)
2020-07-16

PURPOSE Despite undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with internal tandem duplication mutation in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene ( FLT3-ITD) have a poor prognosis, frequently relapse, and die as a result of AML. It is currently unknown whether a maintenance therapy using FLT3 inhibitors, such as the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib, improves outcome after HCT. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase II trial (SORMAIN; German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00000591), 83 adult patients with FLT3-ITD–positive AML in complete hematologic remission after HCT were randomly assigned to receive for 24 months either the multitargeted and FLT3-kinase inhibitor sorafenib (n = 43) or placebo (n = 40 placebo). Relapse-free survival (RFS) was the primary endpoint of this trial. Relapse was defined as relapse or death, whatever occurred first. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 41.8 months, the hazard ratio (HR) for relapse or death in the sorafenib group versus placebo group was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.85; log-rank P = .013). The 24-month RFS probability was 53.3% (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.68) with placebo versus 85.0% (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.93) with sorafenib (HR, 0.256; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.65; log-rank P = .002). Exploratory data show that patients with undetectable minimal residual disease (MRD) before HCT and those with detectable MRD after HCT derive the strongest benefit from sorafenib. CONCLUSION Sorafenib maintenance therapy reduces the risk of relapse and death after HCT for FLT3-ITD–positive AML.
A Score Based on NfL and Glial Markers May Differentiate Between Relapsing–Remitting and Progressive MS Course
2020-07-16

Background: The diagnostic use of biomarkers in body fluids of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients allows the monitoring of different pathophysiological aspects of the disease. We previously reported elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) but not neurofilament light chain (NfL) in progressive (PMS) compared to relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Objectives: We analyzed the glial marker chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) in the CSF and serum of PMS and RRMS patients. To capture the extent of glial processes in relation to axonal damage in each individual patient, we established a score based on CHI3L1, GFAP, and NfL and compared this score between RRMS and PMS patients and its association with the extended disability status scale (EDSS). Methods: For this retrospective study, we included 86 MS patients (47 RRMS and 39 PMS) and 20 patients with other non-inflammatory neurological diseases (OND) as controls. NfL and GFAP levels were determined by the single-molecule array (Simoa). CHI3L1 levels were measured with classical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A score was calculated based on glial to axonal markers (CHI3L1*GFAP/NfL, referred to as “Glia score”). Results: CHI3L1 showed higher CSF levels in PMS vs. RRMS and controls (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.0001, respectively), RMS vs. controls (p &lt; 0.01), and higher serum levels for PMS vs. RRMS (p &lt; 0.05). The Glia score was higher in the CSF of PMS compared to RRMS patients (p &lt; 0.0001) and in the serum of PMS patients compared to RRMS (p &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, the Glia score and CHI3L1 in serum but not in CSF correlated with the disability as determined by EDSS in the PMS group but not in the RRMS group (Spearman ρ = 0.46 and 0.45, p = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Discussion: Our data indicate the involvement of glial mechanisms during the pathogenesis of PMS. Moreover, a calculated score may help to differentiate between PMS and RMS in the CSF and monitor disease progression in the serum of PMS patients.
Site-specific ubiquitination of pathogenic huntingtin attenuates its deleterious effects
2020-07-16

Significance The hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease) is the generation of aggregated proteins in different brain regions. These large aggregates originate from smaller, invisible, and soluble oligomers/aggregates and are believed to be sequestered from essential cellular machineries and, therefore, to attenuate/postpone the pathologic process. That, in contrast to the smaller ones that are thought to inhibit basic cellular pathways by trapping their components. The role played in this process by ubiquitin—which normally targets proteins for degradation—is unknown. Here, we show that ubiquitination of pathogenic Htt is important for its efficient aggregation and probably sequestration. Abolishing its ubiquitination results in generation of numerous smaller and less visible aggregates that are particularly harmful to cells.
Combined effects of life‐history traits and human impact on extinction risk of freshwater megafauna
2020-07-16

Abstract Megafauna species are intrinsically vulnerable to human impact. Freshwater megafauna (i.e., freshwater animals ≥30 kg, including fishes, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians) are subject to intensive and increasing threats. Thirty‐four species are listed as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Red List of Threatened Species, the assessments for which are an important basis for conservation actions but remain incomplete for 49 (24%) freshwater megafauna species. Consequently, the window of opportunity for protecting these species could be missed. Identifying the factors that predispose freshwater megafauna to extinction can help predict their extinction risk and facilitate more effective and proactive conservation actions. Thus, we collated 8 life‐history traits for 206 freshwater megafauna species. We used generalized linear mixed models to examine the relationships between extinction risk based on the IUCN Red List categories and the combined effect of multiple traits, as well as the effect of human impact on these relationships for 157 classified species. The most parsimonious model included human impact and traits related to species’ recovery potential including life span, age at maturity, and fecundity. Applying the most parsimonious model to 49 unclassified species predicted that 17 of them are threatened. Accounting for model predictions together with IUCN Red List assessments, 50% of all freshwater megafauna species are considered threatened. The Amazon and Yangtze basins emerged as global diversity hotspots of threatened freshwater megafauna, in addition to existing hotspots, including the Ganges‐Brahmaputra and Mekong basins and the Caspian Sea region. Assessment and monitoring of those species predicted to be threatened are needed, especially in the Amazon and Yangtze basins. Investigation of life‐history traits and trends in population and distribution, regulation of overexploitation, maintaining river connectivity, implementing protected areas focusing on freshwater ecosystems, and integrated basin management are required to protect threatened freshwater megafauna in diversity hotspots.
Stoner-Wohlfarth switching of the condensate magnetization in a dipolar spinor gas and the metrology of excitation damping
2020-07-16

We consider quasi-one-dimensional dipolar spinor Bose-Einstein condensates in the homogeneous-local-spin-orientation approximation, that is with unidirectional local magnetization. By analytically calculating the exact effective dipole-dipole interaction, we derive a Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for the dissipative condensate magnetization dynamics, and show how it leads to the Stoner-Wohlfarth model of a uni-axial ferro-magnetic particle, where the latter model determines the stable magnetization patterns and hysteresis curves for switching between them. For an external magnetic field pointing along the axial, long direction, we analytically solve the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The solution explicitly demonstrates that the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction {\\it accelerates} the dissipative dynamics of the magnetic moment distribution and the associated dephasing of the magnetic moment direction. Under suitable conditions, dephasing of the magnetization direction due to dipole-dipole interactions occurs within time scales up to two orders of magnitude smaller than the lifetime of currently experimentally realized dipolar spinor condensates, e.g., produced with the large magnetic-dipole-moment atoms . This enables experimental access to the dissipation parameter in the Gross-Pitaevski\\v\\i~mean-field equation, for a system currently lacking a complete quantum kinetic treatment of dissipative processes and, in particular, an experimental check of the commonly used assumption that is a single scalar independent of spin indices.