julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Exploring Drivers of Work-Related Stress in General Practice Teams as an Example for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Protocol for an Integrated Ethnographic Approach of Social Research Methods
2019-10-20

Background An increasing shortage of skilled personnel, including medical personnel, has been reported in many postindustrial economies. Persisting and growing trends in absenteeism and incapacity to work due to mental disorders are concerning and have increased political, economic, and scientific interest in better understanding and management of determinants related to the work environment and health. Objective This study protocol describes an integrated approach of social research methods to explore determinants of work-related stress in general practice teams as an example for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Methods The methods applied will allow an in-depth exploration of work practices and experiences relating to psychological well-being in general practice teams. An ethnographic approach will be used to develop an in-depth understanding of the drivers of work-related stress in general practice teams. We will combine participating observation and individual interviews with five to seven general practitioners (GPs), and five to seven focus group discussions with the nonphysician staff (3-4 participants per group) in approximately four GP group practices and one single practice in Germany. Data collection and analysis will follow a grounded theory approach. Results The Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Germany, has approved this study (reference number: 640/2017BO2). Recruitment has commenced with study completion anticipated in mid-2020. Conclusions The data from this project will be used in follow-up projects to develop and test an intervention to reduce and prevent work-related stress in GP practices and other SMEs. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15809
An Unusual Cause of Dyspnea and Thoracic Pressure
2019-10-20

There is a high prevalence of hepatic cysts in the general population. Simple cysts are most of the times asymptomatic and are usually detected incidentally on ultrasonography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. Symptoms may range from abdominal discomfort and pain, early satiety, dyspepsia, nausea, and vomiting to jaundice and portal hypertension due to obstruction of adjacent structures. Complications include spontaneous hemorrhage, infection, thrombosis, and atrophy of surrounding hepatic tissue. We present a unique case of a middle-aged patient with acute onset of dyspnea and thoracic pressure due to compression of the right ventricle by a large hepatic cyst.
Non-for-Profits and EU Citizens’ Cross-Border Social Rights in Different Welfare States
2019-10-21

Abstract This paper looks at rights in practice to understand how migrant EU citizens’ formal social rights translate into substantive ones. It highlights a factor thus far overlooked in the literature on welfare states and migrants’ social rights: namely, the actors involved in welfare delivery. The argument is based, first, on non-profit organisations’ (NPOs) function as ‘rights intermediaries’; and second, on the distinct make-up of the ‘welfare mix’ across countries, with which NPO’s role in the provision of services, and hence their capacities and autonomy, varies. Focusing on EU citizens’ cross-border social rights, and drawing on in-depth research in Germany and Sweden, the paper reveals how NPOs defend and facilitate access to rights in both countries. Yet NPOs’ extensive role in the German welfare sector generates greater capacities for NPOs to pursue inclusive objectives than what is available to their Swedish counterparts, which occupy a much more limited position as welfare providers. This, it is argued, can be important for understanding how boundaries of social citizenship are drawn in each country.
Population history of southern Italy during Greek colonization inferred from dental remains
2019-10-21

Abstract Objectives We are testing competing scenarios regarding the population history of the ancient Greek colonization of southern Italy using dental phenotypic evidence. Materials and Methods We collected dental metric and nonmetric trait data for 481 human skeletons from six archaeological sites along the Gulf of Taranto, dating to pre‐colonial (900–700 BC) and post‐colonial periods (700–200 BC). We are evaluating scenarios through an individual‐level biodistance analysis using a three‐pronged approach: (a) by analyzing levels of mobility in pre‐ and post‐colonial periods under a model of isolation‐by‐distance; (b) by quantifying differences in group means and variances in pre‐ and post‐colonial periods utilizing permutational multivariate analysis of variance and Betadisper analyses; and (c) by identifying ancestries of post‐colonial individuals using naïve Bayes classification. Results Southern Italy during pre‐colonial times was characterized by low levels of mobility and marked differences in group means and variances. During post‐colonial times, mobility increased and there were no differences in group means and variances. About 18% of the people in post‐colonial times were of Greek ancestry and lived equally distributed across Greek colonies and indigenous villages. Nevertheless, the overall biological composition and variability of southern Italy remained relatively unchanged across pre‐ and post‐colonial periods. Discussion Our results support a scenario in which only few Greek colonists migrated to southern Italy and lived in smaller numbers alongside indigenous people in Greek colonies as well as in indigenous villages. Our results contradict a scenario in which large numbers of Greek invaders founded biologically isolated and substantially homogeneous colonial enclaves within conquered territories.
An orthogonal shim coil for 3T brain imaging
2019-10-21

Purpose We designed and implemented an orthogonal shim array consisting of shim coils with their planes perpendicular to the planes of neighboring RF coils. This shim coil improves the magnetic field homogeneity by minimizing the interference to RF coils. Methods Using realistic off‐resonance maps of the human brain, we first evaluated the performance of shim coils in different orientations. Based on simulations, we developed a 7‐channel orthogonal shim array, whose coil plan was perpendicular to neighboring RF coils, at the forehead. A programmable open‐source current driver supplied shim currents. Results The 7‐channel orthogonal shim array caused only marginal SNR loss to the integrated 32‐channel RF‐shim array. The 7‐channel orthogonal shim array itself improved the magnetic field homogeneity by 30% in slice‐optimized shimming, comparable to the baseline shimming offered by the scanner’s 2nd order spherical harmonic shimming. Conclusion Orthogonal shim coils can improve the field homogeneity while maintaining high image SNR.
Basicranial ontogeny comparison in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens and its use for developmental stage definition of KNM‐ER 42700
2019-10-21

Abstract Objective This study aims to develop a comparative basis for assessing the developmental stage of KNM‐ER 42700 based on the ontogenetic pattern of the ectocranial surface of the basicranium in modern humans and chimpanzees. Materials and methods A total of 33 landmarks were collected from an ontogenetic sample of modern humans (80), chimpanzees (51), and 12 individuals classified as Homo erectus s.l . Ontogenetic trajectories were analyzed, and common aspects were extracted for the purpose of discriminating age groups. A regression of size on the extracted shape variables was used to investigate common ontogenetic allometry. Results The basicranial development of chimpanzees and humans follows different trajectories; however, similarities are also present. The common shape component of development extracted can be used to define age groups in both chimpanzees and modern humans. The extracted shape component presents a similar ontogenetic and static‐allometric pattern in these two species. The developmental stages of H. erectus s.l . specimens were attributed following these common traits. Our analysis correctly assigned developmental stages to those specimens of H. erectus for which developmental ages are known. Discussion The component used for assessing the developmental stage has an ontogenetic allometric component. However, this shape component can discriminate age group irrespective of size and is no longer related to size when static allometry is considered. Adult H. erectus s.l . specimens were attributed to the adult category. KNM‐WT 15000 fell with the late juvenile age group, whereas D2700 plotted in the region of overlap between the juvenile and adult age groups and Mojokerto with the younger age groups, as predicted by their known developmental ages. KNM‐ER 42700 fell within the adult variability despite its incompletely fused spheno‐occipital synchondrosis.
Redefining economics: why shared value is not enough
2019-10-21

Purpose This paper aims to offer scholars and practitioners critical arguments on the strengths and weaknesses of the shared value concept and of the mental model of economics that lies at its heart. On the basis of these arguments, it proposes the paradigm of ethicological value-added creation as a new economic framework extending the shared value concept into a concept of lastingly viable business strategy. Design/methodology/approach Conceptual and philosophical analysis of the mental model of economics and of basic concepts and premises regarding scarcity, competition, growth and raising value. Application of this analysis to the re-design of the shared value approach and to the development of practical guidelines for sustainably viable business models. Findings This paper highlights how the shared value approach can be transformed into an even stronger strategic tool for the design of viable business models. Practical implications Scholars, entrepreneurs and managers receive a new conceptual framework to design lastingly viable business models on the basis of re-defined tools and concepts. Originality/value Leading texts on strategy and business development as well as CSR-driven texts on designing sustainable business models do not bridge the paradox of destructive wealth creation, i.e. the fact that individually rational and, in itself, highly successful economic behaviors lead, on the group level and the level of the whole system, to an outcome that by and large is highly destructive, as it places the social, ecological and economic sources of this wealth creation process in existential jeopardy. The paper proposes a new framework of economic reasoning for solving the paradoxes that shape current economic models and the shared value approach. It offers a first set of indicators, the parameters by which the shared value approach can be transformed into a living model for generating resource growth and added value creation cycles that stop the present downward spiral of acceleration, disruption, concentration and resource depletion. The paper thus presents forms of shared value creation that are more holistic and sustainable.
The genetic architecture of human brainstem structures and their involvement in common brain disorders
2019-10-21

ABSTRACT Brainstem regions support critical bodily functions, yet their genetic architectures and involvement in brain disorders remain understudied. Here, we examined volumes of brainstem structures using magnetic resonance imaging in 43,353 individuals. In 27,034 genotyped healthy participants, we identified 16 genetic loci associated with whole brainstem volume and 10, 23, 3, and 9 loci associated with volumes of the midbrain, pons, superior cerebellar peduncle, and medulla oblongata, respectively. These loci were mapped to 305 genes, including genes linked to brainstem development and common brain disorders. We detected genetic overlap between the brainstem volumes and eight psychiatric and neurological disorders. Using imaging data from 16,319 additional individuals, we observed differential volume alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, multiple sclerosis, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease. Together, our results provide new insights into the genetic underpinnings of brainstem structures and support their involvement in common brain disorders.
Mapping the brain-wide network effects by optogenetic activation of the corpus callosum
2019-10-21

ABSTRACT The optogenetically driven manipulation of circuit-specific activity enabled functional causality studies in animals, but its global effect on the brain is rarely reported. Here, we applied simultaneous fMRI with calcium recording to map brain-wide activity by optogenetic activation of fibers running in one orientation along the corpus callosum(CC) connecting the barrel cortex(BC). Robust positive BOLD signals were detected in the ipsilateral BC due to antidromic activity, which spread to ipsilateral motor cortex(MC) and posterior thalamus(PO). In the orthodromic target (contralateral barrel cortex), positive BOLD signals were reliably evoked by 2Hz light pulses, whereas 40Hz light pulses led to a reversed sign of BOLD - indicative of CC-mediated inhibition. This presumed optogenetic CC-mediated inhibition was further elucidated by pairing light with peripheral whisker stimulation at varied inter-stimulus intervals. Whisker induced positive BOLD, and calcium signals were reduced at inter-stimulus intervals of 50/100ms. The calcium-amplitude modulation (AM)-based correlation with whole-brain fMRI signal revealed that the inhibitory effects spread to contralateral BC as well as ipsilateral MC and PO. This work raises the need of fMRI to elucidate the brain-wide network activation in response to projection-specific optogenetic stimulation.
Compliant Humanoids Moving Toward Rehabilitation Applications: Transparent Integration of Real-Time Control, Whole-Body Motion Generation, and Virtual Reality
2019-10-21

Humanoids fascinate us through their anthropomorphic appearance, high dexterity, and potential to work in human-tailored environments and interact with humans in novel applications. In our research, we promote two real-world applications in physiotherapeutic juggling and assisted walking using two compliant humanoids (COMANs), COMAN and COMAN+. We focus on rehabilitation, which, as a result of changing demographics, is becoming an increasingly crucial application field. However, as with most humanoid experiments, the realization of these scenarios is challenging because the hardware is brittle, the software is complex, and control remains highly demanding. In this article, we describe an integrative and transparent control architecture that alleviates this complexity by strictly adhering in design and implementation to a componentbased approach. It promotes flexibility and reusability and allows transparent switching among different humanoid robots, between simulation and the real world, and among control paradigms. It also orchestrates the integration of real-time (RT) and non-RT (NRT) components, including a virtual reality (VR) framework, toward rich user interaction.
Turbulent kinetic energy over large wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1)
2019-10-21

This repository contains the WRF configuration files necessary to reproduce the simulations <br> as described in Siedersleben et al. 2019 (https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-100) The file windturbines_GMD.txt contains the locations of <br> all windturbines implemented in the simulations. The corresponding attributes of each <br> wind turbine type is described in the wind-turbine-xx.tbl. Be aware that all windturbines use the same power and thrust coefficients only the different hub heights and rotor diameters are taken into account as described in Siedersleben et al. (2019). The namelist.input_nameOfSimulation files necessary to run the simulations are provided in this repository as well. You may notice that <br> there are less namelist files than simulations. The simulations not using a TKE source use the same namelists as the ones with a TKE a source. However, the WRF model needs to be recompiled using the manipolated module_wind_fitch.F (you find this file in this repository). The sensitivity studies investigating the impact of the uncertainties in the power and thrust coefficients use the namelist of the control simulation CNTRb, but with manipulated wind-turbine-x_modMin/Max.tbl wind turbine files. The two python files get_era5*.py can be used to retrieve the ERA5 data, driving the WRF model. <br> Note that the dates and pathes have to be adjusted in the python files. <br> After downloading the surface and model level data some postprocessing <br> is necessary as described nicely here: "http://valcap74.blogspot.com/2017/10/how-to-run-wrf-model-driven-by-era5-on.html". For this<br> purpose the simple script called postProcessERA5 (based on the blog entry mentioned above) can be used.
Excited-State Dynamics in Perylene-Based Organic Semiconductor Thin Films: Theory Meets Experiment
2019-10-22

Perylene-based organic semiconductors are widely used in organic electronic devices. Here, we studied the ultrafast excited-state dynamics in diindenoperylene (DIP) and dicyanoperylene-bis(dicarboximide) (PDIR-CN2) thin films, respectively, after optical excitation using femtosecond (fs) time-resolved second harmonic generation in combination with large scale quantum chemical calculations. In DIP, the initial optical excitation leads to the formation of delocalized excitons, which localize on dimers on a ultrafast time scale of <50–150 fs depending on the excitation energy. In contrast, in PDIR-CN2, the optical excitation directly generates localized excitons on monomers or dimers. In both DIP and PDIR-CN2, localized excitons decay within hundreds of fs into Frenkel-like trap sites. The relaxation to the ground state occurs in DIP on a time scale of 600 ± 110 ps. In PDIR-CN2, this relaxation time is 1 order of magnitude faster (62 ± 1.8 ps). The differences in the exciton formation and decay dynamics in DIP and PDIR-CN2 are attributed to differences in the aggregation as well as to the respective structural and energetic disorder within the materials. Our study provides important insights into the exciton formation and decay dynamics in perylene-based organic compounds, which is essential for the understanding of the photophysics of these molecules in thin films.
Co-located contemporaneous mapping of morphological, hydrological, chemical, and biological conditions in a 5th-order mountain stream network, Oregon, USA
2019-10-22

Abstract. A comprehensive set of measurements and calculated metrics describing physical, chemical, and biological conditions in the river corridor is presented. These data were collected in a catchment-wide, synoptic campaign in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Cascade Mountains, Oregon, USA) in summer 2016 during low-discharge conditions. Extensive characterization of 62 sites including surface water, hyporheic water, and streambed sediment was conducted spanning 1st- through 5th-order reaches in the river network. The objective of the sample design and data acquisition was to generate a novel data set to support scaling of river corridor processes across varying flows and morphologic forms present in a river network. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.f4484e0703f743c696c2e1f209abb842 (Ward, 2019).
A Mutant Allele Uncouples the Brassinosteroid-Dependent and Independent Functions of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1
2019-10-22

Plants depend on various cell surface receptors to integrate extracellular signals with developmental programs. One of the best-studied receptors is BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) in Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>). Upon binding of its hormone ligands, BRI1 forms a complex with a shape-complementary coreceptor and initiates a signal transduction cascade, which leads to a variety of responses. At the macroscopic level, brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthetic and receptor mutants have similar growth defects, which initially led to the assumption that the signaling pathways were largely linear. However, recent evidence suggests that BR signaling is interconnected with several other pathways through various mechanisms. We recently described that feedback from the cell wall is integrated at the level of the receptor complex through interaction with RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 44 (RLP44). Moreover, BRI1 is required for another function of RLP44: the control of procambial cell fate. Here, we report a <i>BRI1</i> mutant, <i>bri1</i> <sup><i>cnu4</i></sup> , which differentially affects canonical BR signaling and RLP44 function in the vasculature. Although BR signaling is only mildly impaired, <i>bri1</i> <sup><i>cnu4</i></sup> mutants show ectopic xylem in place of procambium. Mechanistically, this is explained by an increased association between RLP44 and the mutated BRI1 protein, which prevents the former from acting in vascular cell fate maintenance. Consistent with this, the mild BR response phenotype of <i>bri1</i> <sup><i>cnu4</i></sup> is a recessive trait, whereas the RLP44-mediated xylem phenotype is semidominant. Our results highlight the complexity of plant plasma membrane receptor function and provide a tool to dissect BR signaling-related roles of BRI1 from its noncanonical functions.
Comparative Analysis of Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes in Nontreated Infantile, Juvenile and Adult Patients with Niemann-Pick Disease Type C
2019-10-22

Abstract Aim The study aims to describe cerebral MRI in different onset forms of Niemann-Pick type C (NPC). Systematic MRI analyses in this rare lysosomal storage disease are lacking in the infantile and juvenile onset forms. Methods Thirty-two cerebral MRI scans from 19 patients with NPC were assessed using a newly established and validated scoring system which addresses white matter changes and supratentorial versus infratentorial atrophy. Results Seven scans were from six NPC patients with early infantile onset (&lt;2 years of age), six scans were from three patients with late infantile onset (2–6 years), six scans from four with juvenile onset (6–15 years), and 13 from six with adult onset (&gt;15 years). While supratentorial atrophy was the leading sign in the infantile groups, the juvenile and adult forms were characterized by both, infra- and supratentorial atrophy. White matter changes were found in nearly every patient; they increased with the disease duration in the earlier forms and were prominent in the later forms already early in the disease course. Conclusion This is the first systematic and comparative MRI analysis in the different onset groups of NPC using a scoring system. Early during disease course, MRI showed different patterns in infantile compared with juvenile and adult onset NPC patients, for example, only supratentorial atrophy in juvenile versus global atrophy in adult onset patients. MRI changes provide an additional, early biomarker for NPC.