julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering Burke’s and Arendt’s Theories on “The Rights of Man”: A Surprising Plot Twist?
2021-09-19

Edmund Burke can perhaps be considered as the father of modern conservatism. Hannah Arendt was a very eclectic thinker who embraced ideas from the traditions of liberalism and republicanism. They both commented on the issue of the “Rights of Man” and rejected their abstract and metaphysical nature. And, it was Arendt who saw a ‘certain pragmatism’ in Burke’s ideas. Is this coincidence of opinion a surprising plot twist? An unintentional ‘alliance’ against the naturalness of the “Rights of Man?” This paper first discusses the real relationship between Burke’s and Arendt’s theories on human rights. In the first part, the ideas of the two thinkers are presented and examined. In the second part, the main convergences and divergences are identified. Through a careful reading of the Burkean and Arendtian corpus, it is shown that Arendt agreed with Burke that human rights cannot be abstract or metaphysical. On the other hand, Arendt, being autonomous in her critique, argued for one universal and inalienable right, that is ‘the right to have rights,’ i.e. the right to belong to political community. In overall, the analysis endeavors to provide an answer to the question as to what degree did Arendt endorse Burke’s theories on the “Rights of Man.”
Modular-Based Psychotherapy (MoBa) versus Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for patients with comorbid depression and a history of childhood maltreatment: Study protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial
2021-09-19

Introduction: In depression treatment, most patients do not reach response or remission with current psychotherapeutic approaches. Major reasons for individual non-response are interindividual heterogeneity of etiological mechanisms and pathological forms, and a high rate of comorbid disorders. Personalised treatments targeting comorbidities as well as underlying transdiagnostic mechanisms and factors like early childhood maltreatment may lead to better outcomes. A Modular-Based Psychotherapy (MoBa) approach provides a treatment model of independent and flexible therapy elements within a systematic treatment algorithm to combine and integrate existing evidence-based approaches. By optimally tailoring module selection and application to the specific needs of each patient, MoBa has great potential to improve the currently unsatisfying results of psychotherapy as a bridge between disorder-specific and personalised approaches.Methods and analysis: In a randomized controlled feasibility trial (RCT), N=70 outpatients with episodic or persistent major depression, comorbidity and childhood maltreatment are treated in 20 individual sessions with MoBa or standard Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for depression. The three modules of MoBa focus on deficits associated with early childhood maltreatment: the systems of negative valence, social processes, and arousal. According to a specific questionnaire-based treatment algorithm, elements from Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP), Mentalization-Based Psychotherapy (MBT) and/or Mindfulness (MBCT) are integrated for a personalised modular procedure.As a proof of concept, this trial will provide evidence for the feasibility and efficacy (post-treatment and six month follow-up) of a modular add-on approach for patients with depression, comorbidities and a history of childhood maltreatment. Crucial feasibility aspects include targeted psychopathological mechanisms, selection (treatment algorithm), sequence and application of modules, as well as training and supervision of the study therapists. Ethics and dissemination: This study obtained approval from independent Ethics Committees. All findings will be disseminated broadly via peer-reviewed articles in scientific journals and contributions to national and international conferences.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (www.drks.de): DRKS00022093.
Modelling Maltese noun plural classes without morphemes
2021-09-20

Word-based models of morphology propose that complex words are stored without reference to morphemes. One of the questions that arises is whether information about word forms alone is enough to determine a noun's number from its form. We take up this question by modelling the classification and production of the Maltese noun plural system, using models that do not assume morphemic representations. We use the Tilburg Memory-Based Learner, a computational implementation of exemplar theory and the Naive Discriminative Learner, an implementation of Word and Paradigm, for classification. Both models classify Maltese nouns well. In their current implementations, TiMBL and NDL cannot concatenate sequences of phones that result in word forms. We used two neural networks architectures (LSTM and GRU) to model the production of plurals. We conclude that the Maltese noun plural system can be modelled on the basis of whole words without morphemes, supporting word-based models of morphology.
The short-term effect of residential home energy retrofits on indoor air quality and microbial exposure: A case-control study
2021-09-20

Weatherization of residential homes is a widespread procedure to retrofit older homes to improve the energy efficiency by reducing building leakage. Several studies have evaluated the effect of weatherization on indoor pollutants, such as formaldehyde, radon, and indoor particulates, but few studies have evaluated the effect of weatherization on indoor microbial exposure. Here, we monitored indoor pollutants and bacterial communities during reductions in building leakage for weatherized single-family residential homes in New York State and compared the data to non-weatherized homes. Nine weatherized and eleven non-weatherized single-family homes in Tompkins County, New York were sampled twice: before and after the weatherization procedures for case homes, and at least 3 months apart for control homes that were not weatherized. We found that weatherization efforts led to a significant increase in radon levels, a shift in indoor microbial community, and a warmer and less humid indoor environment. In addition, we found that changes in indoor airborne bacterial load after weatherization were more sensitive to shifts in season, whereas indoor radon levels were more sensitive to ventilation rates.
The Foreign Body Response to an Implantable Therapeutic Reservoir in a Diabetic Rodent Model
2021-09-20

Advancements in type 1 diabetes mellitus treatments have vastly improved in recent years. The move toward a bioartificial pancreas and other fully implantable systems could help restore patient's glycemic control. However, the long-term success of implantable medical devices is often hindered by the foreign body response. Fibrous encapsulation "walls off" the implant to the surrounding tissue, impairing its functionality. In this study we aim to examine how streptozotocin-induced diabetes affects fibrous capsule formation and composition surrounding implantable drug delivery devices following subcutaneous implantation in a rodent model. After 2 weeks of implantation, the fibrous capsule surrounding the devices were examined by means of Raman spectroscopy, micro-computed tomography (μCT), and histological analysis. Results revealed no change in mean fibrotic capsule thickness between diabetic and healthy animals as measured by μCT. Macrophage numbers (CCR7 and CD163 positive) remained similar across all groups. True component analysis also showed no quantitative difference in the alpha-smooth muscle actin and extracellular matrix proteins. Although principal component analysis revealed significant secondary structural difference in collagen I in the diabetic group, no evidence indicates an influence on fibrous capsule composition surrounding the device. This study confirms that diabetes did not have an effect on the fibrous capsule thickness or composition surrounding our implantable drug delivery device. Impact Statement Understanding the impact diabetes has on the foreign body response (FBR) to our implanted material is essential for developing an effective drug delivery device. We used several approaches (Raman spectroscopy and micro-computed tomography imaging) to demonstrate a well-rounded understanding of the diabetic impact on the FBR to our devices, which is imperative for its clinical translation.
Mathematics-gender stereotype endorsement influences mathematics anxiety, self-concept, and performance differently in men and women
2021-09-20

Mathematics anxiety (MA) is negatively associated with mathematics performance. Although some aspects, such as mathematics self-concept (M-self-concept), seem to modulate this association, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In addition, the false gender stereotype that women are worse than men in mathematics can have a detrimental effect on women. The role that the endorsement of this stereotype (MGS-endorsement) can play may differ between men and women. In this study, we investigated how MA and M-self-concept relate to arithmetic performance when considering one’s MGS-endorsement and gender in a large sample (N = 923) of university students. Using a structural equation modelling approach, we found that MA and M-self-concept mediated the effect of MGS-endorsement in both men and women. For women, MGS-endorsement increased their MA level, while in men, it had the opposite effect (albeit weak). Specifically, in men, MGS-endorsement influenced the level of the numerical components of MA, but, unlike women, it also positively influenced their M-self-concept. Moreover, men and women perceived the questions included in the considered instruments differently, implying that the scores obtained in these questionnaires may not be directly comparable between genders, which has even broader theoretical and methodological implications for MA research.
The systems biology simulation core library
2021-09-20

Abstract Summary Studying biological systems generally relies on computational modeling and simulation, e.g., model-driven discovery and hypothesis testing. Progress in standardization efforts led to the development of interrelated file formats to exchange and reuse models in systems biology, such as SBML, the Simulation Experiment Description Markup Language (SED-ML) or the Open Modeling EXchange format. Conducting simulation experiments based on these formats requires efficient and reusable implementations to make them accessible to the broader scientific community and to ensure the reproducibility of the results. The Systems Biology Simulation Core Library (SBSCL) provides interpreters and solvers for these standards as a versatile open-source API in JavaTM. The library simulates even complex bio-models and supports deterministic Ordinary Differential Equations; Stochastic Differential Equations; constraint-based analyses; recent SBML and SED-ML versions; exchange of results, and visualization of in silico experiments; open modeling exchange formats (COMBINE archives); hierarchically structured models; and compatibility with standard testing systems, including the Systems Biology Test Suite and published models from the BioModels and BiGG databases. Availability and implementation SBSCL is freely available at https://draeger-lab.github.io/SBSCL/ and via Maven Central. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Reading to Learn? The Co-Development of Mathematics and Reading During Primary School
2021-09-20

Understanding how early reading and mathematics co-develop is important from both theoretical and pedagogical standpoints. Previous research has provided mixed results, with some studies suggesting that mathematics is the leading indicator in this developmental process, whereas others have suggested that reading is. This paper investigates the development of reading and mathematics in a longitudinal sample of N = 355,883 students from the UK aged 5 to 12 (49% girls). The results suggest a positive relation between the development of the two domains. In addition, a statistically significant positive association between prior reading scores and subsequent changes in achievement in mathematics was found, whereas changes in reading were substantially smaller for students with a higher prior performance in mathematics.
Development and Evaluation of a Tablet-Based Reading Fluency Test for Primary School Children
2021-09-20

Assessing children's literacy skills is a key requirement for successful learning. However, standardized assessments are almost exclusively available as paper-and-pencil tests, discarding digital testing's advantages. In this article, we develop and evaluate two different tablet versions for a paper-based reading fluency test for German primary school children: one true-to-original design (TDId) and a tablet-optimized design (TDOpt). We investigate the reliability, equivalence, and user experience of the tablet-based versions by comparing it to each other and to the paper-based version in a user test with 21 fourth graders. The results suggest very high reliability of both tablet-based versions (r's >.94). Children scored significantly higher on TDId than on the other tests while reading scores assessed with TDOpt matched the conventional test. Children preferred both tablet versions over the paper-based test, whereby TDOpt was consistently rated best. This study suggests that a tablet-optimized reading fluency test not only retains test reliability but is also more appealing to primary school children.
Epidermal-Derived Hedgehog Signaling Drives Mesenchymal Proliferation during Digit Tip Regeneration
2021-09-20

Hand injuries often result in significant functional impairments and are rarely completely restored. The spontaneous regeneration of injured appendages, which occurs in salamanders and newts, for example, has been reported in human fingertips after distal amputation, but this type of regeneration is rare in mammals and is incompletely understood. Here, we study fingertip regeneration by amputating murine digit tips, either distally to initiate regeneration, or proximally, causing fibrosis. Using an unbiased microarray analysis, we found that digit tip regeneration is significantly associated with hair follicle differentiation, Wnt, and sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathways. Viral over-expression and genetic knockouts showed the functional significance of these pathways during regeneration. Using transgenic reporter mice, we demonstrated that, while both canonical Wnt and HH signaling were limited to epidermal tissues, downstream hedgehog signaling (through Gli) occurred in mesenchymal tissues. These findings reveal a mechanism for epidermal/mesenchyme interactions, governed by canonical hedgehog signaling, during digit regeneration. Further research into these pathways could lead to improved therapeutic outcomes after hand injuries in humans.
Transmission of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction between Parents and Adolescents: The Critical Role of Parental Perceptions
2021-09-20

While studies have documented the importance of basic psychological need satisfaction in parent-child relationships, a gap remains in understanding how parent and adolescent need satisfactions are associated. Using two longitudinal intergenerational datasets (200 parent-adolescent dyads and 408 mother-adolescent dyads; two waves), we examined whether (1) parents’ need satisfaction predicts adolescents’ need satisfaction (parental needs effect), (2) adolescents’ need satisfaction predicts parents’ need satisfaction (child’s needs effect), and (3) parental perception of adolescent’s need satisfaction predicts adolescents’ need satisfaction (parental perception effect). Findings from cross-lagged path models analogous to actor-partner interdependence models only supported parental perception effects: parents’ T1 perception of their adolescent’s need satisfaction predicted their adolescent’s T2 self-reported need satisfaction, especially for autonomy and competence needs. Findings highlight the importance of parents’ perceptions, which may benefit the design of new interventions for basic psychological needs.
Why do German students reject free money?
2021-09-20

Numerous eligible German students do not apply for heavily subsidized student aid (BAföG). Our theoretical model shows how imperfect information, risk aversion, debt aversion, and student income can incentivize rational students to abstain from an application. We use GSOEP data from 2001 to 2013 to simulate BAföG eligibility and find that in particular risk averse students with low income are discouraged if they have little information about the application procedure. Moreover, debt-averse students are more reluctant to apply. This suggests that a non-transparent and complicated student aid system disproportionally discourages poor students with little experience with the BAföG system.
Moderate DNA methylation changes associated with nitrogen remobilization and leaf senescence in Arabidopsis
2021-09-20

Summary The lifespan of plants and tissues is restricted by environmental and genetic components. Following the transition to reproductive growth, leaf senescence ceases cellular life in monocarpic plants to remobilize nutrients to storage organs. We observed altered leaf to seed ratios, faster senescence progression and enhanced nitrogen remobilization from the leaves in two methylation mutants ( ros1 and the triple dmr1/2 cmt3 knockout). DNA methylation in wild type Col-0 leaves initially moderately declined with progressing leaf senescence, predominantly in the CG context, while the ultimate phase of leaf discoloration was associated with moderate de novo methylation of cytosines, primarily in the CHH context. Relatively few differentially methylated regions, including one in the ROS1 promoter linked to the down-regulation of ROS1, were present, but these were unrelated to known senescence-associated genes. Differential methylation patterns were identified in transcription factor binding sites, such as the W-boxes that are targeted by WRKYs, which impaired transcription factor binding when methylated in vitro . Mutants that are defective in DNA methylation showed distinct nitrogen remobilization, which was associated with altered patterns of leaf senescence progression. But moderate methylome changes during leaf senescence were not specifically associated with up-regulated genes during senescence.
In-kind Contributions for two ERICs in one National Initiative: Practices and Experiences in CLARIAH-DE
2021-09-20

&lt;p&gt;An ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium) operates and provides research infrastructure offerings, usually within a disciplinary scope, for researchers regardless of their national or institutional background. Apart from direct funding, an ERIC is built upon the national contributions from partner countries, notably cash and in-kind contributions.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This concept, the procedures, advantages and options for future enhancement are described in this paper from the German perspective focussing on the in-kinds. The paper is intended to support an informed discussion on the advancement of the in-kind contribution concept. The overall aim is to contribute to the efficiency and uptake of the ERICs&rsquo;&nbsp;research infrastructure offerings.&lt;/p&gt;
Hyperexcitable interneurons trigger cortical spreading depression in an Scn1a migraine model
2021-09-21

Cortical spreading depression (CSD), a wave of depolarization followed by depression of cortical activity, is a pathophysiological process implicated in migraine with aura and various other brain pathologies, such as ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. To gain insight into the pathophysiology of CSD, we generated a mouse model for a severe monogenic subtype of migraine with aura, familial hemiplegic migraine type 3 (FHM3). FHM3 is caused by mutations in SCN1A, encoding the voltage-gated Na+ channel NaV1.1 predominantly expressed in inhibitory interneurons. Homozygous Scn1aL1649Q knock-in mice died prematurely, whereas heterozygous mice had a normal lifespan. Heterozygous Scn1aL1649Q knock-in mice compared with WT mice displayed a significantly enhanced susceptibility to CSD. We found L1649Q to cause a gain-of-function effect with an impaired Na+-channel inactivation and increased ramp Na+ currents leading to hyperactivity of fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons. Brain slice recordings using K+-sensitive electrodes revealed an increase in extracellular K+ in the early phase of CSD in heterozygous mice, likely representing the mechanistic link between interneuron hyperactivity and CSD initiation. The neuronal phenotype and premature death of homozygous Scn1aL1649Q knock-in mice was partially rescued by GS967, a blocker of persistent Na+ currents. Collectively, our findings identify interneuron hyperactivity as a mechanism to trigger CSD.
Dynamical Phases and Quantum Correlations in an Emitter-Waveguide System with Feedback
2021-09-21

We investigate the creation and control of emergent collective behavior and quantum correlations using feedback in an emitter-waveguide system using a minimal model. Employing homodyne detection of photons emitted from a laser-driven emitter ensemble into the modes of a waveguide allows for the generation of intricate dynamical phases. In particular, we show the emergence of a time-crystal phase, the transition to which is controlled by the feedback strength. Feedback enables furthermore the control of many-body quantum correlations, which become manifest in spin squeezing in the emitter ensemble. Developing a theory for the dynamics of fluctuation operators we discuss how the feedback strength controls the squeezing and investigate its temporal dynamics and dependence on system size. The largely analytical results allow to quantify spin squeezing and fluctuations in the limit of large number of emitters, revealing critical scaling of the squeezing close to the transition to the time crystal. Our study corroborates the potential of integrated emitter-waveguide systems-which feature highly controllable photon emission channels-for the exploration of collective quantum phenomena and the generation of resources, such as squeezed states, for quantum enhanced metrology.
Adaptation of Staphylococcus aureus to the Human Skin Environment Identified Using an ex vivo Tissue Model
2021-09-21

The healthy human epidermis provides physical protection and is impenetrable for pathogenic microbes. Nevertheless, commensal and pathogen bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus are able to colonize the skin surface, which may subsequently lead to infection. To identify and characterize regulatory elements facilitating adaptation of S. aureus to the human skin environment we used ex vivo tissue explants and quantified S. aureus gene transcription during co-culture. This analysis provided evidence for a significant downregulation of the global virulence regulator agr upon initial contact with skin, regardless of the growth phase of S. aureus prior to co-culture. In contrast, the alternative sigma factor B ( sig B) and the antimicrobial peptide-sensing system ( gra RS) were expressed during early colonization. Consistently, sig B target genes such as the clumping factor A ( clf A) and fibrinogen and fibronectin binding protein A ( fnb A) were strongly upregulated upon skin contact. At later timepoints of the adhesion process, wall teichoic acid (WTA) synthesis was induced. Besides the expression of adhesive molecules, transcription of molecules involved in immune evasion were increased during late colonization (staphylococcal complement inhibitor and staphylokinase). Similar to nasal colonization, enzymes involved in cell wall metabolism ( sce D and atl A) were highly transcribed. Finally, we detected a strong expression of proteases from all three catalytic classes during the entire colonization process. Taken together, we here present an ex vivo skin colonization model that allows the detailed characterization of the bacterial adaptation to the skin environment.