julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Classification of Tragedies and Comedies in Calderón de la Barca's Comedias Nuevas
2022-06-20

&lt;p&gt;Data publication accompanying the research article &quot;Classification of Tragedies and Comedies in Calder&oacute;n de la Barca&rsquo;s Comedias Nuevas&quot;&lt;br&gt; The data publication contains the R code used for the analysis, the full text of all 112 Calderonian Comedias Nuevas (only the spoken text, no stage directions; zip-archive &quot;Fulltexts&quot;), the verbs, nouns, and adjectives of the 112 Comedias Nuevas (zip-archive &quot;POS-texts&quot;), a zip-archive containing 36 identified tragedies (&quot;Tragedies&quot;), and a zip-archive containing 25 identified comedies (&quot;Comedies&quot;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;All 112 Calderonian &quot;Comedias Nuevas&quot; have been published as part of the Calder&oacute;n Drama Corpus within the Drama Corpora Project (DraCor), see https://dracor.org/cal.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Rights statement: CC-BY-3.0-DE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/&lt;/p&gt;
Classification of Tragedies and Comedies in Calderón de la Barca's Comedias Nuevas
2022-06-20

Data publication accompanying the research article "Classification of Tragedies and Comedies in Calderón de la Barca’s Comedias Nuevas" The data publication contains the R code used for the analysis, the full text of all 112 Calderonian Comedias Nuevas (only the spoken text, no stage directions; zip-archive "Fulltexts"), the verbs, nouns, and adjectives of the 112 Comedias Nuevas (zip-archive "POS-texts"), a zip-archive containing 36 identified tragedies ("Tragedies"), a zip-archive containing 25 identified comedies ("Comedies"), and a csv file containing the classifications of all 112 dramas achieved with four clustering methods ("Annex-112-dramas-and-their-classificiation.csv"). All 112 Calderonian "Comedias Nuevas" have been published as part of the Calderón Drama Corpus within the Drama Corpora Project (DraCor), see https://dracor.org/cal.
A Virtue-Based Framework to Support Putting AI Ethics into Practice
2022-06-21

Abstract Many ethics initiatives have stipulated sets of principles and standards for good technology development in the AI sector. However, several AI ethics researchers have pointed out a lack of practical realization of these principles. Following that, AI ethics underwent a practical turn, but without deviating from the principled approach. This paper proposes a complementary to the principled approach that is based on virtue ethics. It defines four “basic AI virtues”, namely justice, honesty, responsibility and care, all of which represent specific motivational settings that constitute the very precondition for ethical decision making in the AI field. Moreover, it defines two “second-order AI virtues”, prudence and fortitude, that bolster achieving the basic virtues by helping with overcoming bounded ethicality or hidden psychological forces that can impair ethical decision making and that are hitherto disregarded in AI ethics. Lastly, the paper describes measures for successfully cultivating the mentioned virtues in organizations dealing with AI research and development.
Home‐based biofeedback speech treatment improves dysarthria in repeat‐expansion SCAs
2022-06-21

Abstract CAG repeat‐expansion spinocerebellar ataxias (CAG‐SCAs) are genetically defined multisystemic degenerative diseases, resulting in motor symptoms including dysarthria with a substantial impact on daily living. Whilst speech therapy is widely recommended in ataxia, very limited evidence exists for its use. We evaluated the efficacy of a home‐delivered, ataxia‐tailored biofeedback‐driven speech therapy in CAG‐SCA in 16 individuals with SCA1, 2, 3, or 6. Treatment was delivered intensively over 20 days. Efficacy was evaluated by blinded ratings of intelligibility (primary) and acoustic measures (secondary) leveraging an intra‐individual control design. Intelligibility improved post‐treatment (Z = −3.18, p = 0.004) whilst remaining stable prior to treatment (Z = 0.53, p = 1.00).
Remote ischemic preconditioning causes transient cell cycle arrest and renal protection by a NF-κB–dependent Sema5B pathway
2022-06-21

Acute kidney injury increases morbidity and mortality, and previous studies have shown that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) reduces the risk of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. RIPC increases urinary high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1) levels in patients, and this correlates with kidney protection. Here, we show that RIPC reduces renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and improves kidney function in mice. Mechanistically, RIPC increases HMGB1 levels in the plasma and urine, and HMGB1 binds to TLR4 on renal tubular epithelial cells, inducing transcriptomic modulation of renal tubular epithelial cells and providing renal protection, whereas TLR4 activation on nonrenal cells was shown to contribute to renal injury. This protection is mediated by activation of induction of AMPKα and NF-κB; this induction contributes to the upregulation of Sema5b, which triggers a transient, protective G1 cell cycle arrest. In cardiac surgery patients at high risk for postoperative acute kidney injury, increased HMGB1 and Sema5b levels after RIPC were associated with renal protection after surgery. The results may help to develop future clinical treatment options for acute kidney injury.
Efficacy of Integrated Social Cognitive Remediation vs. Neurocognitive Remediation in Improving Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia: Concept and Design of a Multicenter, Single-Blind RCT (The ISST Study)
2022-06-21

Background Although clinically effective treatment is available for schizophrenia, recovery often is still hampered by persistent poor psychosocial functioning, which in turn is limited by impairments in neurocognition, social cognition, and social behavioral skills. Although cognitive remediation has shown general efficacy in improving cognition and social functioning, effects still need to be improved and replicated in appropriately powered, methodologically rigorous randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Existing evidence indicates that effects can most likely be optimized by combining treatment approaches to simultaneously address both social cognitive and social behavioral processes. Objectives To assess whether Integrated Social Cognitive and Behavioral Skill Therapy (ISST) is more efficacious in improving functional outcome in schizophrenia than the active control treatment Neurocognitive Remediation Therapy (NCRT). Methods The present study is a multicenter, prospective, rater-blinded, two-arm RCT being conducted at six academic study sites in Germany. A sample of 180 at least partly remitted patients with schizophrenia are randomly assigned to either ISST or NCRT. ISST is a compensatory, strategy-based program that targets social cognitive processes and social behavioral skills. NCRT comprises mainly drill and practice-oriented neurocognitive training. Both treatments consist of 18 sessions over 6 months, and participants are subsequently followed up for another 6 months. The primary outcome is all-cause discontinuation over the 12-month study period; psychosocial functioning, quality of life, neurocognitive and social cognitive performance, and clinical symptoms are assessed as secondary outcomes at baseline before randomization (V1), at the end of the six-month treatment period (V6), and at the six-month follow-up (V12). Discussion This RCT is part of the German Enhancing Schizophrenia Prevention and Recovery through Innovative Treatments (ESPRIT) research network, which aims at using innovative treatments to enhance prevention and recovery in patients with schizophrenia. Because this study is one of the largest and methodologically most rigorous RCTs on the efficacy of cognitive remediation approaches in schizophrenia, it will not only help to identify the optimal treatment options for improving psychosocial functioning and thus recovery in patients but also allow conclusions to be drawn about factors influencing and mediating the effects of cognitive remediation in these patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 02678858, German Study Register DRKS 00010033
A Molecularly Characterized Preclinical Platform of Subcutaneous Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Patient-Derived Xenograft Models to Evaluate Novel Treatment Strategies
2022-06-21

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer with an onset mainly during the sixth or seventh decade of the patient’s life. Patients with advanced, metastasized RCC have a poor prognosis. The majority of patients develop treatment resistance towards Standard of Care (SoC) drugs within months. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the backbone of first-line therapy and have been partnered with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) recently. Despite the most recent progress, the development of novel therapies targeting acquired TKI resistance mechanisms in advanced and metastatic RCC remains a high medical need. Preclinical models with high translational relevance can significantly support the development of novel personalized therapies. It has been demonstrated that patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models represent an essential tool for the preclinical evaluation of novel targeted therapies and their combinations. In the present project, we established and molecularly characterized a comprehensive panel of subcutaneous RCC PDX models with well-conserved molecular and pathological features over multiple passages. Drug screening towards four SoC drugs targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and PI3K/mTOR pathway revealed individual and heterogeneous response profiles in those models, very similar to observations in patients. As unique features, our cohort includes PDX models from metastatic disease and multi-tumor regions from one patient, allowing extended studies on intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH). The PDX models are further used as basis for developing corresponding in vitro cell culture models enabling advanced high-throughput drug screening in a personalized context. PDX models were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS). Characterization of cancer-relevant features including driver mutations or cellular processes was performed using mutational and gene expression data in order to identify potential biomarker or treatment targets in RCC. In summary, we report a newly established and molecularly characterized panel of RCC PDX models with high relevance for translational preclinical research.
Retinal metabolism: Evidence for uncoupling of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation via Cori-, Cahill-, and mini-Krebs-cycle
2022-06-21

Abstract The retina consumes massive amounts of energy, yet its metabolism and substrate exploitation remain poorly understood. Here, we used a murine explant model to manipulate retinal energy metabolism under entirely controlled conditions and utilized 1 H-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics, in situenzyme detection, and cell viability readouts to uncover the pathways of retinal energy production. Our experimental manipulations resulted in varying degrees of photoreceptor degeneration, while the inner retina and retinal pigment epithelium were essentially unaffected. This selective vulnerability of photoreceptors suggested very specific adaptations in their energy metabolism. Rod photoreceptors were found to rely strongly on oxidative phosphorylation, but only mildly on glycolysis. Conversely, cone photoreceptors were dependent on glycolysis but insensitive to electron transport chain decoupling. Importantly, photoreceptors appeared to uncouple glycolytic and Krebs-cycle metabolism via three different pathways: 1) the mini-Krebs-cycle, fueled by glutamine and branched-chain amino acids, generating N-acetylaspartate; 2) the alanine-generating Cahill-cycle; 3) the lactate-releasing Cori-cycle. Moreover, the metabolomic data indicated a shuttling of taurine and hypotaurine between the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors, likely resulting in an additional net transfer of reducing power to photoreceptors. These findings expand our understanding of retinal physiology and pathology and shed new light on neuronal energy homeostasis and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Graphical abstract Retinal photoreceptors employ both glucose and glutamate as fuels. While rod photoreceptors rely strongly on oxidative phosphorylation and the N-acetylaspartate producing mini-Krebs-cycle, cone photoreceptors rely on the lactate-producing Cori cycle and the oxidative, alanine producing Cahill cycle. Highlights The retina utilizes a complex energy switchboard consisting of the Krebs cycle, mini-Krebs cycle, Cahill cycle, and Cori cycle. Mini-Krebs cycle runs more efficiently than ‘full’ Krebs cycle. Alanine transaminase decouples glycolysis from the Krebs cycle. Lactate, alanine, and N-acetylaspartate are distinctive energetic pathway signatures.
Colloquialization as a key factor in historical changes of rational and emotional words
2022-06-21

Microbial communities are found throughout the biosphere, from human guts to glaciers, from soil to activated sludge. Understanding the statistical properties of such diverse communities can pave the way to elucidate the common mechanisms ...Multiple ecological forces act together to shape the composition of microbial communities. Phyloecology approaches—which combine phylogenetic relationships between species with community ecology—have the potential to disentangle such forces but are often ...
Comparative outcome of different treatment options for fragility fractures of the sacrum
2022-06-21

Abstract Background: Fragility fractures of the sacrum (FFS) have been detected more and more frequently in recent times, and the incidence will continue to increase due to increasing life expectancy. The aim of this study was to compare the feasibility and clinical outcome of conservative, interventional and surgical treatment of FFS. Methods: Retrospectively, 292 patients (276 women, 16 men) with confirmed FFS were followed up over a period of 5 years. The age of the women was Ø 81.2 (58 - 99) and that of the men Ø 78.1 (76 - 85) years. The pain was quantified using a VAS. A fracture classification was carried out considering X-rays, CT and MRI examinations. A QCT of the lumbar spine was performed to quantify bone mineral density. Fractures were recorded, taking X-rays and medical history into account. An interdisciplinary case conference determined the individual treatment concept with classification into conservative, interventional or surgical treatment. Over the course pain and independence was measured, complications and patient satisfaction were documented. A vitamin D determination was done, and existing comorbidities were included. Results: Patients with a pain level of ≤ 5 benefited from the conservative therapy measures, with pain levels &gt; 5 significantly delaying the development of mobility. After sacroplasty, the pain reduced significantly, which caused a rapid improvement in mobility without any significant difference being found between vertebro- (VSP), balloon (BSP), radiofrequency (RFS) and cement sacroplasty (CSP). The planned osteosynthesis was carried out as planned. In terms of pain reduction and mobilization, the patients benefited from osteosynthesis, although more complex fracture types with lumbopelvic stabilization took longer. Overall, there were no deaths during the hospital stay. Mortality after 12 months was 21.7% for the conservative, 8.4% for the interventional and 13.6% for the surgical therapy group; the differences are significant. For patients in the conservative therapy group who were difficult to mobilize due to pain, the mortality increased to 24.3%. Over 24 months, patients achieved the best independence after sacroplasty. At 12 and 24 months, subjective satisfaction with the therapies was best after sacroplasty, followed by osteosynthesis and conservative measures. All patients had a pronounced vitamin D deficiency and manifest osteoporosis. Cardiovascular pathologies were the main concomitant diseases. Conclusions: Patients with FFS with a low level of pain benefit from conservative therapy measures, whereby complications and mortality increase significantly in the case of persistent immobilizing pain. Patients with an unacceptable level of pain resulting from non-dislocated fractures benefit significantly from sacroplasty. Patients with unstable and displaced fractures should be operated on promptly. Different techniques are available for sacroplasty and osteosynthesis, which lead to an improvement of independence and a reduction in mortality.
Stories in the Mind? The Role of Story-Based Categorizations in Motion Classification.
2022-06-21

Categorization is a central concept for spatial representations in human cognition and artificial intelligence. With the present research, we aimed at building a bridge between those two research fields by asking whether motion categorizations designed in artificial intelligence can inform the psychological understanding of human perception and memory of motion scenes. We report the results of four experiments investigating the influence of Motion-RCC and Motion-OPRA_1 categorizations on human perception and memory. Participants viewed simple motion scenes and judged the similarity of transformed scenes with this reference scene. Those transformed scenes differed in none, one or both Motion-RCC and Motion-OPRA_1 categories. Importantly, we applied an equal absolute metric change to those transformed scenes. When the reference stimulus and transformed stimuli were visible at the same time (Experiments 1a and 1b: perception), both Motion-OPRA_1 and Motion-RCC influenced the similarity judgements, with a stronger influence of Motion-OPRA_1 than Motion-RCC. When the participants first memorized the reference stimulus and viewed the transformed stimuli after a short blank (Experiments 2a and 2b: memory), only Motion-OPRA_1 had marked influences on the similarity judgements. We conclude that human perception and short-term memory utilize some of the properties underlying those categorizations and given this link between human cognition and qualitative reasoning, we argue for a continued and close multidisciplinary approach to investigating the spatial representation of motion scenes.
Greater Than the Sum of the Parts: Aggregate vs. Aggregated Inflation Expectations
2022-06-21

Using novel survey evidence on consumer inflation expectations disaggregated by personal consumption expenditure (PCE) categories, we document the paradox that consumers' aggregate inflation expectations usually exceed any individual category expectation. We explore procedures for aggregating category inflation expectations, and find that the inconsistency between aggregate and aggregated inflation expectations rises with subjective uncertainty and is systematically related to socioeconomic characteristics. Overall, our results are inconsistent with the notion that consumers' aggregate inflation expectations comprise an expenditure-weighted sum of category beliefs. Moreover, aggregated inflation expectations explain a greater share of planned consumer spending than aggregate inflation expectations.
Ethical and methodological challenges in building morally informed AI systems
2022-06-22

Abstract Recent progress in large language models has led to applications that can (at least) simulate possession of full moral agency due to their capacity to report context-sensitive moral assessments in open-domain conversations. However, automating moral decision-making faces several methodological as well as ethical challenges. They arise in the fields of bias mitigation, missing ground truth for moral “correctness”, effects of bounded ethicality in machines, changes in moral norms over time, risks of using morally informed AI systems as actual advice, as well as societal implications an increasing importance of algorithmic moral decision-making would have. This paper comments on all these challenges and provides critical considerations for future research on full artificial moral agency. Importantly, some of the adduced challenges can be met by more careful technology design, but others necessarily require engagement with core problems of meta-ethics.
Reading to learn? The co‐development of mathematics and reading during primary school
2022-06-22

Abstract Understanding how early reading and mathematics co‐develop is important from both theoretical and pedagogical standpoints. Previous research has provided mixed results. This paper investigates the development of reading and mathematics in a longitudinal sample of N = 355,883 students from the United Kingdom (2005–2019) aged 5 to 12 (49% girls). Results indicate a positive relation between the development of the two domains. In addition, a substantial statistically significant positive association between prior reading scores and subsequent changes in achievement in mathematics was found, whereas changes in reading were smaller for students with a higher prior performance in mathematics. The findings suggest that acquiring good reading skills is highly relevant for developing mathematics skills. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component-1 May Promote Survival of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Alzheimer’s Disease
2022-06-22

Cerebrovascular changes occur in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (PGRMC1) is a well identified hormone receptor with multiple functions in AD. This study aims to explore the involvement of PGRMC1 in the regulation of vascular endothelial function, providing new therapy options for AD. Single-cell sequencing revealed that the expression of PGRMC1 is lower in AD. By bioinformatics analysis, we found PGRMC1 was associated with regulation of cell proliferation, angiogenesis and etc. To understand the functional significance of PGRMC1, knockdown and overexpression were performed using human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs), respectively. Cell proliferation assay, migration assay, tube formation assay were performed in experiments. We demonstrated that the overexpression of PGRMC1 promoted the cellular processes associated with endothelia cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, significantly. In conclusion, PGRMC1 may contribute to the modulation of HBMVECs function in AD. This finding may offer novel targets for AD treatment.
Zaire ebolavirus surveillance near the Bikoro region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the 2018 outbreak reveals presence of seropositive bats
2022-06-22

On the 8 th of May, 2018, an outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) was declared, originating in the Bikoro region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) near the border with neighboring Republic of the Congo (ROC). Frequent trade and migration occur between DRC and ROC-based communities residing along the Congo River. In June 2018, a field team was deployed to determine whether Zaire ebolavirus (Ebola virus (EBOV)) was contemporaneously circulating in local bats at the human-animal interface in ROC near the Bikoro EVD outbreak. Samples were collected from bats in the Cuvette and Likouala departments, ROC, bordering the Équateur Province in DRC where the Bikoro EVD outbreak was first detected. EBOV genomic material was not detected in bat-derived samples by targeted quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or by family-level consensus polymerase chain reaction; however, serological data suggests recent exposure to EBOV in bats in the region. We collected serum from 144 bats in the Cuvette department with 6.9% seropositivity against the EBOV glycoprotein and 14.3% seropositivity for serum collected from 27 fruit bats and one Molossinae in the Likouala department. We conclude that proactive investment in longitudinal sampling for filoviruses at the human-animal interface, coupled with ecological investigations are needed to identify EBOV wildlife reservoirs.