julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
The HisMine-Paradigm: A new paradigm to investigate self-awareness employing pronouns
2014-02-11

Self-related stimuli such as the own name have been used to investigate self-awareness. The present study investigates a novel paradigm employing personal and possessive self-referential and non-self-referential pronouns (SRPs and NSRPs). Going beyond previous research, the robustness of the previously demonstrated self-reference effect was investigated for personal as well as possessive SRPs under passive and active processing conditions using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) as outcome measures. ERPs were recorded from 33 healthy participants during the presentation of SRPs "ich" and "mein" (German for "I"/"my") and NSRPs "er" and "sein" ("he"/"his"). Additionally, the role of the second person perspective (2PP) pronouns "du" and "dein" ("you"/"your") was explored. Stimuli were presented in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) design at frequencies of 2.5 and 1 Hz including a passive reading and two active counting instructions. The results demonstrate that SRPs were spontaneously processed preferentially compared to NSRPs during an initial processing stage. SRPs moreover specifically benefitted from allocation of attention during later processing stages. These results suggest that processes during which a stimulus is related to oneself or others take place very early. Differences in temporal processing of personal and possessive pronouns were not found.
Fueling the Boom: Coal as the Primary Source of Energy for Processing Zinc in China and Comparison with Europe, ca. 1720-1820
2014-02-11

Abstract Stemming from an examination of the zinc industry in early modern China, this article centers on a detailed survey of coal, the primary source of energy for processing zinc. On the basis of Qing archival documents, this article investigates the previously unknown spatial relationship of zinc ore deposits, coal mines, and zinc smelters; provides quantitative evidence of coal use by estimating the annual consumption of coal in processing zinc; offers a new perspective on the general use of coal in Qing China; and compares the coal-fuel efficiency problem in early European and Chinese zinc production.
Jaundice From Diabetes Therapy
2014-02-11

In January 2013, a 41-year-old man presented for follow-up to our diabetes unit with jaundice, fatigue, dark urine, and stool discoloration. Four weeks earlier, he had suffered a sudden sensorineural hearing loss and was treated with a prednisolone taper scheme starting with 250 mg q.i.d. in addition to α-lipoic acid. Fasting hyperglycemia (274 mg/dL) was detected after initiation of the therapy. Further laboratory workup revealed a preexisting type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 11.8% [105 mmol/mol], no GAD2 antibodies). Transaminases were normal. Insulin glargine and metformin 500 mg t.i.d. were initiated. Upon follow-up, the patient reported that fatigue and yellow sclera manifested 4 days before. Thereafter, he stopped taking his medication. Physical examination was unremarkable except for jaundice. Total bilirubin was 18.1 mg/dL, aspartate aminotransferase 419 units/L, alanine aminotransferase 863 units/L, alkaline phosphatase 479 units/L, and γ-glutamyl transferase 2,181 units/L. Differential blood count was normal apart from mild eosinophilia (5.7%). The patient had no history of gastrointestinal ...
Bladder function after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer
2014-02-12

Nerve-sparing techniques appear to improve bladder function without compromising overall survival. Studies comparing the effects of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy with standard surgery yielded encouraging results in respect of postoperative lower urinary tract function. Clinical trials with a long period of follow-up are required for better comprehension of the complex pathophysiology of bladder dysfunction after radical hysterectomy.
Structural Basis and Target-specific Modulation of ADP Sensing by the Synechococcus elongatus PII Signaling Protein
2014-02-12

PII signaling proteins comprise one of the most versatile signaling devices in nature and have a highly conserved structure. In cyanobacteria, PipX and N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase are receptors of PII signaling, and these interactions are modulated by ADP, ATP, and 2-oxoglutarate. These effector molecules bind interdependently to three anti-cooperative binding sites on the trimeric PII protein and thereby affect its structure. Here we used the PII protein from Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 to reveal the structural basis of anti-cooperative ADP binding. Furthermore, we clarified the mutual influence of PII-receptor interaction and sensing of the ATP/ADP ratio. The crystal structures of two forms of trimeric PII, one with one ADP bound and the other with all three ADP-binding sites occupied, revealed significant differences in the ADP binding mode: at one site (S1) ADP is tightly bound through side-chain and main-chain interactions, whereas at the other two sites (S2 and S3) the ADP molecules are only bound by main-chain interactions. In the presence of the PII-receptor PipX, the affinity of ADP to the first binding site S1 strongly increases, whereas the affinity for ATP decreases due to PipX favoring the S1 conformation of PII-ADP. In consequence, the PII-PipX interaction is highly sensitive to subtle fluctuations in the ATP/ADP ratio. By contrast, the PII-N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase interaction, which is negatively affected by ADP, is insensitive to these fluctuations. Modulation of the metabolite-sensing properties of PII by its receptors allows PII to differentially perceive signals in a target-specific manner and to perform multitasking signal transduction.
In Cold Blood: Intraarteral Cold Infusions for Selective Brain Cooling in Stroke
2014-02-12

Hypothermia is a promising therapeutic option for stroke patients and an established neuroprotective treatment for global cerebral ischemia after cardiac arrest. While whole body cooling is a feasible approach in intubated and sedated patients, its application in awake stroke patients is limited by severe side effects: Strong shivering rewarms the body and potentially worsens ischemic conditions because of increased O 2 consumption. Drugs used for shivering control frequently cause sedation that increases the risk of aspiration and pneumonia. Selective brain cooling by intraarterial cold infusions (IACIs) has been proposed as an alternative strategy for patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke. Preclinical studies and early clinical experience indicate that IACI induce a highly selective brain temperature decrease within minutes and reach targeted hypothermia 10 to 30 times faster than conventional cooling methods. At the same time, body core temperature remains largely unaffected, thus systemic side effects are potentially diminished. This review critically discusses the limitations and side effects of current cooling techniques for neuroprotection from ischemic brain damage and summarizes the available evidence regarding advantages and potential risks of IACI.
Technical solutions to improve the management of non‐muscle‐invasive transitional cell carcinoma: summary of a E uropean A ssociation of U rology S ection for U ro‐ T echnology ( ESUT ) and S ection for U ro‐ O ncology ( ESOU ) expert meeting and current and future perspectives
2014-02-12

The aim of the present review was to compare state‐of‐the‐art care and future perspectives for the detection and treatment of non‐muscle‐invasive transitional cell carcinoma ( TCC ) of the bladder. We provide a summary of the third expert meeting on ‘Optimising the management of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, organized by the E uropean A ssociation of U rology Section for U ro‐ T echnology ( ESUT ) in collaboration with the S ection for U ro‐ O ncology ( ESOU ), including a systematic literature review. The article includes a detailed discussion on the current and future perspectives for TCC , including photodynamic diagnosis, optical coherence tomography, narrow band imaging, the S torz P rofessional I mage E nhancement system, magnification and high definition techniques. We also provide a detailed discussion of future surgical treatment options, including en bloc resection and tumour enucleation. Intensive research has been conducted to improve tumour detection and there are promising future perspectives, that require proven clinical efficacy. En bloc resection of bladder tumours may be advantageous, but is currently considered to be experimental.
The novel benzimidazole derivativeBRP‐7 inhibits leukotriene biosynthesisin vitroandin vivoby targeting 5‐lipoxygenase‐activating protein (FLAP)
2014-02-12

Background and Purpose Leukotrienes ( LT s) are inflammatory mediators produced via the 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐ LOX ) pathway and are linked to diverse disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis and cardiovascular diseases. We recently identified the benzimidazole derivative BRP ‐7 as chemotype for anti‐ LT agents by virtual screening targeting 5‐ LOX ‐activating protein ( FLAP ). Here, we aimed to reveal the in vitro and in vivo pharmacology of BRP ‐7 as an inhibitor of LT biosynthesis. Experimental Approach We analysed LT formation and performed mechanistic studies in human neutrophils and monocytes, in human whole blood ( HWB ) and in cell‐free assays. The effectiveness of BRP ‐7 in vivo was evaluated in rat carrageenan‐induced pleurisy and mouse zymosan‐induced peritonitis. Key Results BRP ‐7 potently suppressed LT formation in neutrophils and monocytes and this was accompanied by impaired 5‐ LOX co‐localization with FLAP . Neither the cellular viability nor the activity of 5‐ LOX in cell‐free assays was affected by BRP ‐7, indicating that a functional FLAP is needed for BRP ‐7 to inhibit LTs, and FLAP bound to BRP ‐7 linked to a solid matrix. Compared with the FLAP inhibitor MK ‐886, BRP ‐7 did not significantly inhibit COX ‐1 or microsomal prostaglandin E 2 synthase‐1, implying the selectivity of BRP ‐7 for FLAP . Finally, BRP ‐7 was effective in HWB and impaired inflammation in vivo , in rat pleurisy and mouse peritonitis, along with reducing LT levels. Conclusions and Implications BRP ‐7 potently suppresses LT biosynthesis by interacting with FLAP and exhibits anti‐inflammatory effectiveness in vivo , with promising potential for further development.
Nanoscale Molecular Silver Cluster Compounds in Gram Quantities
2014-02-12

All that's nano is not gold: Definite, crystalline molecular compounds of noble metals have been known for gold for the last few years. Now a simple synthesis of a nanoscale silver cluster compound containing [Ag44 (S-C6 H4 COOH)30 ](4-) ions has been found leading to gram scales quantities. Synthetic, structural, and bonding aspects of this novel compound are discussed in the context of metalloid clusters in general.
A new picture for the chiral symmetry properties within a particle–core framework
2014-02-12

The Generalized Coherent State Model, proposed previously for a unified\\ndescription of magnetic and electric collective properties of nuclear systems,\\nis extended to account for the chiral like properties of nuclear systems. To a\\nphenomenological core described by the GCSM a set of interacting particles are\\ncoupled. Among the particle-core states one identifies a finite set which have\\nthe property that the angular momenta carried by the proton and neutron\\nquadrupole bosons and the particles respectively, are mutually orthogonal. All\\nterms of the model Hamiltonian satisfy the chiral symmetry except for the\\nspin-spin interaction. The magnetic properties of the particle-core states,\\nwhere the three mentioned angular momenta are orthogonal, are studied. A\\nquantitative comparison of these features with the similar properties of\\nstates, where the three angular momenta belong to the same plane, is performed.\\n
The effective potential of the confinement order parameter in the Hamiltonian approach
2014-02-12

The effective potential of the order parameter for confinement is calculated within the variational approach to the Hamilton formulation of Yang-Mills theory.Compactifying one spatial dimension and using a background gauge fixing this potential is obtained by minimizing the energy density for a given constant and color diagonal background field directed along the compactified dimension.Using Gaussian type trial wave functionals I establish an analytic relation between the propagators in the background gauge at finite temperature and the corresponding zero temperature propagators in Coulomb gauge.In the simplest truncation, neglecting the ghost and using the ultraviolet form of the gluon energy one recovers the Weiss potential.On the other hand from the infrared form of the gluon energy one finds an effective potential which yields a vanishing Polyakov loop indicating the confined phase.From the full non-perturbative potential (with the ghost included) one extracts a critical temperature of the deconfinement phase transition of 269 MeV for the gauge group SU(2) and 283 MeV for SU(3).QCD-TNT-III-From quarks and gluons to hadronic matter: A bridge too far?2-6 September,
Clockwise rotation of the Baoshan Block due to southeastward tectonic escape of Tibetan crust since the Oligocene
2014-02-13

Understanding the mode of deformation around the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS) is crucial for models of Tibetan Plateau evolution. To constrain rotations and translation east of the EHS, we present new palaeomagnetic data from meta-basalt layers—possibly sills—of the Baoshan Block in western Yunnan, southeastern Tibet Plateau; the meta-basalts were either emplaced or metamorphosed to greenschist facies at ∼30 Ma (40Ar–39Ar whole rock ages). A detailed rock magnetic study—in combination with reflected and transmitted light microscopy—identifies magnetite and Ti-rich titanomagnetite as the main magnetic carriers. Using alternating field demagnetization, we separated well-clustered characteristic remanent magnetizations. A fold test indicates a syn-folding remanence acquisition, supporting an Oligocene magnetization due to evidence for regional Eocene–Oligocene shortening. The tilt corrected overall site mean direction at 30 per cent of unfolding yields declination/inclination = 042.2°/47.0°, corresponding to a clockwise rotation of 35.1° ± 12.7° with respect to stable Eurasia. This denotes an average rotation rate of 1.17 ± 0.42° Myr−1 since ∼30 Ma, ranging at the lower limit of the present-day, GPS-derived rotation rates. We explain the clockwise rotation by tectonic escape of the Baoshan and the Lanping-Simao blocks along the Ailao Shan shear zone. With the onset of shearing along the Chong Shan and Gaoligong Shan shear zones, the Baoshan Block continued its southeastward escape, decoupled from the Lanping-Simao Block between these two major shear zones. Crustal flow could explain rotation and southward escape after ∼20 Ma.
BiNA: A Visual Analytics Tool for Biological Network Data
2014-02-13

Interactive visual analysis of biological high-throughput data in the context of the underlying networks is an essential task in modern biomedicine with applications ranging from metabolic engineering to personalized medicine. The complexity and heterogeneity of data sets require flexible software architectures for data analysis. Concise and easily readable graphical representation of data and interactive navigation of large data sets are essential in this context. We present BiNA--the Biological Network Analyzer--a flexible open-source software for analyzing and visualizing biological networks. Highly configurable visualization styles for regulatory and metabolic network data offer sophisticated drawings and intuitive navigation and exploration techniques using hierarchical graph concepts. The generic projection and analysis framework provides powerful functionalities for visual analyses of high-throughput omics data in the context of networks, in particular for the differential analysis and the analysis of time series data. A direct interface to an underlying data warehouse provides fast access to a wide range of semantically integrated biological network databases. A plugin system allows simple customization and integration of new analysis algorithms or visual representations. BiNA is available under the 3-clause BSD license at http://bina.unipax.info/.
FOLFIRINOX as First-Line Treatment for Unresectable Acinar Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Case Report
2014-02-13

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive variant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Surgery is the only curative treatment option and protocols for palliative chemotherapies in this context are not standardized yet. We reported a 63-year-old white male patient who had painless jaundice, weight loss, elevated bilirubin, and a mass of the pancreatic head as well as liver metastasis. Core biopsy revealed the diagnosis of ACC. Therapy with FOLFIRINOX resulted in a significant decrease of the primary tumor and regressiveness of a liver metastasis after chemotherapy. Our report suggests that pancreatic ACC treated by FOLFIRINOX is well tolerated and might be superior to other single chemotherapies in this rare tumor disease.
Biosynthesis of Phenylnannolone A, a Multidrug Resistance Reversal Agent from the Halotolerant Myxobacterium Nannocystis pusilla B150
2014-02-13

Abstract The myxobacterial strain Nannocystis pusilla B150 synthesizes the structurally new polyketides phenylnannolone A–C. Apart from some common volatiles and siderophores, these are the first natural products from the genus Nannocystis . Phenylnannolone A shows inhibitory activity towards the ABCB1 gene product P‐glycoprotein and reverses daunorubicin resistance in cancer cells. To decipher the biochemical reactions leading to the formation of phenylnannolone A, the putative biosynthetic genes were identified (phn1, phn2). Phn2 is a polyketide synthase (PKS) with an NRPS‐like loading module, and its domain order is consistent with the phenylnannolone A structure. The functionality and substrate selectivity of the loading module were determined by means of a γ‐ 18 O 4 ‐ATP pyrophosphate exchange and a phosphopantetheine ejection assay. A specific activation of cinnamic acid by the AMP‐ligase was detected. Phn1 is a putative butyryl‐CoA carboxylase (BCC), providing ethylmalonyl‐CoA for the formation of the ethyl‐substituted part of phenylnannolone A. Phn1 is the first BCC found in biosynthetic genes for an ethyl‐substituted natural compound. Biosynthesis of phenylnannolone A, putatively encoded by phn1 and phn2, thus utilizes the first biosynthetic machinery in which both a BCC and a PKS are involved.
Three evolutionary paths for magnetar oscillations
2014-02-13

Quasi-periodic oscillations have been seen in the light curves following several magnetar giant flares. These oscillations are of great interest as they probably provide our first ever view of the normal modes of oscillation of neutron stars. The state-of-the-art lies in the study of the oscillations of elastic-magnetic stellar models, mainly with a view to relating the observed frequencies to the structure and composition of the star itself. We advance this programme by considering several new physical mechanisms that are likely to be important for magnetar oscillations. These relate to the superfluid/superconducting nature of the stellar interior, and the damping of the modes, both through internal dissipation mechanisms and the launching of waves into the magnetosphere. We make simple order-of-magnitude estimates to show that both the frequencies and the damping time of magnetar oscillations can evolve in time, identifying three distinct `pathways' that can be followed, depending upon the initial magnitude of the mode excitation. These results are interesting as they show that the information buried in magnetar QPOs may be even richer than previously thought, and motivate more careful examination of magnetar light curves, to search for signatures of the different types of evolution that we have identified.
Signalling function of long wavelength colours during agonistic male-male interactions in the wrasse Coris julis
2014-02-13

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 504:277-286 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10760 Signalling function of long wavelength colours during agonistic male-male interactions in the wrasse Coris julis Christoph Braun1,*, Nico K. Michiels2, Ulrike E. Siebeck1, Dennis Sprenger2 1School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia 2Animal Evolutionary Ecology, Institute for Ecology and Evolution, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28 E5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany *Corresponding author: c.braun@uq.edu.au ABSTRACT: Long wavelength colours (λ > 580 nm) often serve as visual signals during inter- and intrasexual interactions in various species of freshwater fish. However, while long wavelength colours are also prevalent in many marine fish, their functional importance remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the presence of long wavelength colours mediate intraspecific aggressive interactions in the Mediterranean rainbow wrasse Coris julis. By manipulating the relative mixture of red (λmax = 628 nm) and blue (λmax = 454 nm) light in experimental tanks, we created conditions in which discrimination of long wavelength colours from colours of shorter wavelength was either possible or prevented. We found that resident males were significantly more likely to attack conspecific intruder males when discrimination was enabled compared to conditions where no such discrimination was possible. Aggression from residents was associated with the display of a red (λmax = 611 nm) colour patch on the dorsal fin of intruders, but not the size of the putative signal. Our findings suggest that long wavelength colours are an important component of marine visual ecology by mediating agonistic male-male interactions. KEY WORDS: Behaviour · Colour signals · Labrid · Visual ecology Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Braun C, Michiels NK, Siebeck UE, Sprenger D (2014) Signalling function of long wavelength colours during agonistic male-male interactions in the wrasse Coris julis . Mar Ecol Prog Ser 504:277-286. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10760 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 504. Online publication date: May 14, 2014 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2014 Inter-Research.