julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
The 20th anniversary of a model mite: A review of current knowledge about Archegozetes longisetosus (Acari, Oribatida)
2013-12-18

With about 10,000 described species and densities reaching 400,000 ind/m2, the Oribatida (without Astigmata) represent the most prevalent group of soil mites. However, with the exception of their taxonomy, many aspects of the biology of oribatid mites have been poorly studied. This might be explained in part by the previous lack of a model species. However, in the last 20 years, more and more non-taxonomic studies regarding development, genetics, morphology, chemical ecology and ecotoxicology have become available, with a significant number focused on the trhypochthoniid oribatid mite Archegozetes longisetosus. A well-defined laboratory strain of this pantropical parthenogenetic species was established in 1993 by one of us (RAN), and has since spread through numerous laboratories worldwide. In this review, we summarize the scientific achievements this lineage has enabled while becoming a model system for general zoology, ecology and evolution.
GALACTIC AND EXTRAGALACTIC SUPERNOVA REMNANTS AS SITES OF PARTICLE ACCELERATION
2013-12-18

Supernova remnants, owing to their strong shock waves, are likely sources of Galactic cosmic rays. Studies of supernova remnants in X-rays and gamma rays provide us with new insights into the acceleration of particles to high energies. This paper reviews the basic physics of supernova remnant shocks and associated particle acceleration and radiation processes. In addition, the study of supernova remnant populations in nearby galaxies and the implications for Galactic cosmic ray distribution are discussed.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of T-helper-1-cell cytokines drive cancer into senescence.
2013-12-18

Cancer control by adaptive immunity involves a number of defined death and clearance mechanisms. However, efficient inhibition of exponential cancer growth by T cells and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) requires additional undefined mechanisms that arrest cancer cell proliferation. Here we show that the combined action of the T-helper-1-cell cytokines IFN-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) directly induces permanent growth arrest in cancers. To safely separate senescence induced by tumour immunity from oncogene-induced senescence, we used a mouse model in which the Simian virus 40 large T antigen (Tag) expressed under the control of the rat insulin promoter creates tumours by attenuating p53- and Rb-mediated cell cycle control. When combined, IFN-γ and TNF drive Tag-expressing cancers into senescence by inducing permanent growth arrest in G1/G0, activation of p16INK4a (also known as CDKN2A), and downstream Rb hypophosphorylation at serine 795. This cytokine-induced senescence strictly requires STAT1 and TNFR1 (also known as TNFRSF1A) signalling in addition to p16INK4a. In vivo, Tag-specific T-helper 1 cells permanently arrest Tag-expressing cancers by inducing IFN-γ- and TNFR1-dependent senescence. Conversely, Tnfr1(-/-)Tag-expressing cancers resist cytokine-induced senescence and grow aggressively, even in TNFR1-expressing hosts. Finally, as IFN-γ and TNF induce senescence in numerous murine and human cancers, this may be a general mechanism for arresting cancer progression. PMID: 23376950
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Golimumab in psoriatic arthritis: one-year clinical efficacy, radiographic, and safety results from a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
2013-12-18

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Golimumab in psoriatic arthritis: one-year clinical efficacy, radiographic, and safety results from a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Genome-wide scan reveals association of psoriasis with IL-23 and NF-kappaB pathways.
2013-12-18

Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated disorder that affects the skin, nails and joints. To identify psoriasis susceptibility loci, we genotyped 438,670 SNPs in 1,409 psoriasis cases and 1,436 controls of European ancestry. We followed up 21 promising SNPs in 5,048 psoriasis cases and 5,041 controls. Our results provide strong support for the association of at least seven genetic loci and psoriasis (each with combined P < 5 x 10(-8)). Loci with confirmed association include HLA-C, three genes involved in IL-23 signaling (IL23A, IL23R, IL12B), two genes that act downstream of TNF-alpha and regulate NF-kappaB signaling (TNIP1, TNFAIP3) and two genes involved in the modulation of Th2 immune responses (IL4, IL13). Although the proteins encoded in these loci are known to interact biologically, we found no evidence for epistasis between associated SNPs. Our results expand the catalog of genetic loci implicated in psoriasis susceptibility and suggest priority targets for study in other auto-immune disorders. PMID: 19169254 Funding information This work was supported by: NCRR NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: UL1 RR024986-01 NCRR NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: UL1 RR024986 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U01 HL084729-03 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U01 HL084729 NHGRI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HG002651-05S2 NHGRI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HG002651 NIAMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AR054966 NIAMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AR050511-05 NIAMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AR050511 NIAMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AR042742-14 NIAMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AR042742 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Efficacy and safety of oral retinoids in different psoriasis subtypes: a systematic literature review.
2013-12-18

BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of retinoids in different psoriasis subtypes.OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the available literature on: (i) modalities of administration and prescription of oral retinoids as single agent or combined therapy for the treatment of plaque-type psoriasis (PV), nail psoriasis and localized and generalized pustular psoriasis : initial and optimal dosage; (ii) skeletal toxicity of retinoid for the treatment of psoriasis.METHODS: A systematic literature search was carried out in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from 1975 to 2010 searching for randomized controlled trials and observational studies evaluating 1) various dosages of retinoid in psoriasis and 2) skeletal toxicity of retinoid in psoriasis. Articles were limited to human subjects and English/French languages.RESULTS: Efficacy of retinoids in psoriasis. Among 1348 identified references, 44 published studies were included. Starting daily dosages between 10 and 25 mg and stepwise escalation were associated with higher clinical efficacy and lower incidence of adverse events in comparison with higher doses and regimens rapidly reaching optimal dose. Retinoids as single agent therapy appeared to show limited efficacy in PV, while the good clinical efficacy reported in pustular forms should be cautiously considered, given the spontaneously remitting course of the disease. Combining retinoids with phototherapy appeared to be highly effective in patients with PV. Potential skeletal toxicity of retinoids. 15 published studies out of 105 identified references were included. There is no strong evidence of an increased risk of skeletal abnormalities in psoriasis patients treated with retinoids.CONCLUSION: Acitretin appears to provide better efficacy in pustular psoriasis than in PV as a single agent treatment. There is no evidence for skeletal toxicity of retinoids in the setting of psoriasis, and accordingly monitoring this risk through X-ray is not warranted.© 2011 The Authors. JEADV © 2011 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. PMID: 21388456
A Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Mouse Model Supports a Role of ZFYVE26/SPASTIZIN for the Endolysosomal System
2013-12-19

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the legs because of the degeneration of cortical motoneuron axons. SPG15 is a recessively inherited HSP variant caused by mutations in the ZFYVE26 gene and is additionally characterized by cerebellar ataxia, mental decline, and progressive thinning of the corpus callosum. ZFYVE26 encodes the FYVE domain-containing protein ZFYVE26/SPASTIZIN, which has been suggested to be associated with the newly discovered adaptor protein 5 (AP5) complex. We show that Zfyve26 is broadly expressed in neurons, associates with intracellular vesicles immunopositive for the early endosomal marker EEA1, and co-fractionates with a component of the AP5 complex. As the function of ZFYVE26 in neurons was largely unknown, we disrupted Zfyve26 in mice. Zfyve26 knockout mice do not show developmental defects but develop late-onset spastic paraplegia with cerebellar ataxia confirming that SPG15 is caused by ZFYVE26 deficiency. The morphological analysis reveals axon degeneration and progressive loss of both cortical motoneurons and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Importantly, neuron loss is preceded by accumulation of large intraneuronal deposits of membrane-surrounded material, which co-stains with the lysosomal marker Lamp1. A density gradient analysis of brain lysates shows an increase of Lamp1-positive membrane compartments with higher densities in Zfyve26 knockout mice. Increased levels of lysosomal enzymes in brains of aged knockout mice further support an alteration of the lysosomal compartment upon disruption of Zfyve26. We propose that SPG15 is caused by an endolysosomal membrane trafficking defect, which results in endolysosomal dysfunction. This appears to be particularly relevant in neurons with highly specialized neurites such as cortical motoneurons and Purkinje cells.
Cellular Uptake of Imatinib into Leukemic Cells Is Independent of Human Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCT1)
2013-12-19

Abstract Purpose: In addition to mutated BCR-ABL1 kinase, the organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, encoded by SLC22A1) has been considered to contribute to imatinib resistance in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). As data are conflicting as to whether OCT1 transports imatinib and may serve as a clinical biomarker, we used a combination of different approaches including animal experiments to elucidate comprehensively the impact of OCT1 on cellular imatinib uptake. Experimental Design: Transport of imatinib was studied using OCT1-expressing Xenopus oocytes, mammalian cell lines (HEK293, MDCK, V79) stably expressing OCT1, human leukemic cells, and Oct1-knockout mice. OCT1 mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in leukemic cells from patients with imatinib-naïve CML as well as in cell lines. Results: Transport and inhibition studies showed that overexpression of functional OCT1 protein in Xenopus oocytes or mammalian cell lines did not lead to an increased cellular accumulation of imatinib. The CML cell lines (K562, Meg-01, LAMA84) and leukemic cells from patients expressed neither OCT1 mRNA nor protein as demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy, yet they showed a considerable imatinib uptake. Oct1 deficiency in mice had no influence on plasma and hepatic imatinib concentrations. Conclusions: These data clearly demonstrate that cellular uptake of imatinib is independent of OCT1, and therefore OCT1 is apparently not a valid biomarker for imatinib resistance. Clin Cancer Res; 20(4); 985–94. ©2013 AACR.
Multimodal Integration of Time
2013-12-19

Recent studies suggest that the accuracy of duration discrimination for visually presented intervals is strongly impaired by concurrently presented auditory intervals of different duration, but not vice versa. Because these studies rely mostly on accuracy measures, it remains unclear whether this impairment results from changes in perceived duration or rather from a decrease in perceptual sensitivity. We therefore assessed complete psychometric functions in a duration discrimination task to disentangle effects on perceived duration and sensitivity. Specifically, participants compared two empty intervals marked by either visual or auditory pulses. These pulses were either presented unimodally, or accompanied by task-irrelevant pulses in the respective other modality, which defined conflicting intervals of identical, shorter, or longer duration. Participants were instructed to base their temporal judgments solely on the task-relevant modality. Despite this instruction, perceived duration was clearly biased toward the duration of the intervals marked in the task-irrelevant modality. This was not only found for the discrimination of visual intervals, but also, to a lesser extent, for the discrimination of auditory intervals. Discrimination sensitivity, however, was similar between all multimodal conditions, and only improved compared to the presentation of unimodal visual intervals. In a second experiment, evidence for multisensory integration was even found when the task-irrelevant modality did not contain any duration information, thus excluding noncompliant attention allocation as a basis of our results. Our results thus suggest that audiovisual integration of temporally discrepant signals does not impair discrimination sensitivity but rather alters perceived duration, presumably by means of a temporal ventriloquism effect.
Deletions in 14q24.1q24.3 are associated with congenital heart defects, brachydactyly, and mild intellectual disability
2013-12-19

Interstitial deletions of chromosome band 14q24.1q24.3 are apparently very rare. We report on three unrelated patients with overlapping de novo deletions of sizes 5.4, 2.8, and 2.3 Mb in this region. While some clinical problems such as intestinal malrotation, cryptorchidism, and ectopic kidney were only observed in single patients, all three patients had mild intellectual disability, congenital heart defects (truncus arteriosus, pulmonary atresia, atrial septal defect, and/or ventricular septal defect), brachydactyly, hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, and thin upper lips. Likely haploinsufficiency of one or several of the 19 genes in the common deleted interval ( ACTN1 , DCAF5 , EXD2 , GALNTL1 , ERH , SLC39A9 , PLEKHD1 , CCDC177 , KIAA0247 , LOC100289511 , SRSF5 , SLC10A1 , SMOC1 , SLC8A3 , ADAM21P1 , COX16, SYNJ2BP , SYNJ2BP‐COX16 , ADAM21 ) was responsible for these manifestations, but apart from SMOC1 , mutations in which cause autosomal recessive Waardenburg anophthalmia syndrome, and ACTN1 , mutations in which are associated with congenital macrothrombocytopenia, no disease associations have so far been reported for the other genes. Functional studies and a systematic search for mutations or chromosome aberrations in this region will elucidate the role of individual genes in the clinical manifestations and will provide insight into the underlying biological mechanisms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“How much will I recover, doctor?”
2013-12-19

All doctors treating patients with stroke are faced with this question: "How much will I recover?" Although recovery of motor function is one of the most studied domains in neurologic rehabilitation, until recently we did not have a clear, objective way to address this very common question. Predictors of motor recovery have been elusive. "Time" is the most common answer, and even this cannot predict in great detail how much a person will recover after stroke. Filling this void was the aim of a recent study by Liuzzi et al.1 in this issue of Neurology ® .
Dissociated Language Functions: A Matter of Atypical Language Lateralization or Cerebral Plasticity?
2013-12-19

<b>Background and Study Aims</b> The left hemisphere is generally considered to harbor language functions. Atypical cortical language lateralization is mainly demonstrated in left-handed and ambidextrous individuals, whereas dissociated language functions have been reported in association with brain injuries as a part of the reorganization process. We present a thoughtful discussion on the underlying mechanisms of dissociated language functions through an illustrative case of dissociated expressive language. <b>Case Report</b> A 31-year-old left-handed woman presented with a recurrent left frontal glioma. Preoperative language functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) panel revealed right-sided dominance for two different language tasks (verbal fluency and visual naming), and the word chain task demonstrated maximal activation in the left hemisphere at the posterior margin of the tumor. The patient was operated on awake to assess language functions intraoperatively. Preoperative fMRI findings were confirmed revealing a task-specific dissociation of expressive language functions. Surgical resection was taken to the functional boundaries. Postoperatively, no language dysfunction occurred. <b>Conclusions</b> Dissociated language functions are prone to occur in long-standing lesions. Different patterns of dissociation may be encountered due to interindividual particularities and cerebral plasticity. The presented patient is unique by demonstrating new insight into expressive language dissociation, emphasizing the role of a preoperative language fMRI panel and the capability of intraoperative language mapping for identifying special language networks.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid State Complex Chemistry: Formation, Structure, and Properties of Homoleptic Tetracyanamidogermanates RbRE[Ge(CN2)4] (RE: La, Pr, Nd, Gd).
2013-12-19

Abstract RbLn[Ge(CN 2 ) 4 ] (I) (Ln: La, Pr, Nd, Gd) and RbLn[Si(CN 2 ) 4 ] (II) are prepared by solid state metathesis reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of LnCl 3 , Rb 2 [GeF 6 ] or Rb 2 [SiF 6 ], and Li 2 (CN 2 ) (evacuated silica ampoule, for (I): 450 °C, 1 d; for (II): 550 °C, 2 d).
The 100-monthSwiftcatalogue of supergiant fast X-ray transients
2013-12-20

We investigate the characteristics of bright flares for a sample of\\nsupergiant fast X-ray transients and their relation to the orbital phase. We\\nhave retrieved all Swift/BAT Transient Monitor light curves, and collected all\\ndetections in excess of from both daily- and orbital-averaged light\\ncurves in the time range of 2005-Feb-12 to 2013-May-31. We also considered all\\non-board detections as recorded in the same time span and selected those within\\n4 arcmin of each source in our sample and in excess of . We present a\\ncatalogue of over a thousand BAT flares from 11 SFXTs, down to 15-150keV fluxes\\nof erg cm s (daily timescale) and\\n erg cm s (orbital timescale, averaging\\n s) and spanning 100 months. The great majority of these flares are\\nunpublished. This population is characterized by short (a few hundred seconds)\\nand relatively bright (in excess of 100mCrab, 15-50keV) events. In the hard\\nX-ray, these flares last in general much less than a day. Clustering of hard\\nX-ray flares can be used to indirectly measure the length of an outburst, even\\nwhen the low-level emission is not detected. We construct the distributions of\\nflares, of their significance (in terms of sigma) and their flux as a function\\nof orbital phase, to infer the properties of these binary systems. In\\nparticular, we observe a trend of clustering of flares at some phases as\\n increases, as consistent with a progression from tight, circular\\nor mildly eccentric orbits at short periods, to wider and more eccentric orbits\\nat longer orbital periods. Finally, we estimate the expected number of flares\\nfor a given source for our limiting flux and provide the recipe for calculating\\nthem for the limiting flux of future hard X-ray observatories. (Abridged).\\n
Beyond words: Sensory properties of depressive thoughts
2013-12-20

Verbal thoughts (such as negative cognitions) and sensory phenomena (such as visual mental imagery) are usually conceptualised as distinct mental experiences. The present study examined to what extent depressive thoughts are accompanied by sensory experiences and how this is associated with symptom severity, insight of illness and quality of life. A large sample of mildly to moderately depressed patients (N = 356) was recruited from multiple sources and asked about sensory properties of their depressive thoughts in an online study. Diagnostic status and symptom severity were established over a telephone interview with trained raters. Sensory properties of negative thoughts were reported by 56.5% of the sample (i.e., sensation in at least one sensory modality). The highest prevalence was seen for bodily (39.6%) followed by auditory (30.6%) and visual (27.2%) sensations. Patients reporting sensory properties of thoughts showed more severe psychopathological symptoms than those who did not. The degree of perceptuality was marginally associated with quality of life. The findings support the notion that depressive thoughts are not only verbal but commonly accompanied by sensory experiences. The perceptuality of depressive thoughts and the resulting sense of authenticity may contribute to the emotional impact and pervasiveness of such thoughts, making them difficult to dismiss for their holder.
Brain Electrical Activity Obeys Benford’s Law
2013-12-20

In vitro and EEG data show a Benford-like distribution which is altered by sevoflurane or destroyed by noise used to simulate artefacts. These findings suggest that algorithms based on Benford's Law can be successfully used to detect sevoflurane-induced signal modulations in electrophysiological recordings.
The Selenocysteine Incorporation Machinery Allows the Dual Use of Sense Codons: A New Strategy for Expanding the Genetic Code?
2013-12-20

Sense and Secis: Even though selenocysteine, Sec, is naturally incorporated by suppressing UAG stop codons, it was recently shown that sense codons such as UAC can efficiently code for Sec. This article highlights the implications of using such a strategy to introduce unnatural amino acids site-selectively into proteins.
Cell Death Triggered by Yersinia enterocolitica Identifies Processing of the Proinflammatory Signal Adapter MyD88 as a General Event in the Execution of Apoptosis
2013-12-21

Abstract Many pathogenic microorganisms have evolved tactics to modulate host cell death or survival pathways for establishing infection. The enteropathogenic bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica deactivates TLR-induced signaling pathways, which triggers apoptosis in macrophages. In this article, we show that Yersinia-induced apoptosis of human macrophages involves caspase-dependent cleavage of the TLR adapter protein MyD88. MyD88 was also cleaved when apoptosis was mediated by overexpression of the Toll–IL-1R domain–containing adapter inducing IFN-β in epithelial cells. The caspase-processing site was mapped to aspartate-135 in the central region of MyD88. MyD88 is consequently split by caspases in two fragments, one harboring the death domain and the other the Toll–IL-1R domain. Caspase-3 was identified as the protease that conferred the cleavage of MyD88 in in vitro caspase assays. In line with a broad role of caspase-3 in the execution of apoptosis, the processing of MyD88 was not restricted to Yersinia infection and to proapoptotic Toll–IL-1R domain–containing adapter inducing IFN-β signaling, but was also triggered by staurosporine treatment. The cleavage of MyD88 therefore seems to be a common event in the advanced stages of apoptosis, when caspase-3 is active. We propose that the processing of MyD88 disrupts its scaffolding function and uncouples the activation of TLR and IL-1Rs from the initiation of proinflammatory signaling events. The disruption of MyD88 may consequently render dying cells less sensitive to proinflammatory stimuli in the execution phase of apoptosis. The cleavage of MyD88 could therefore be a means of conferring immunogenic tolerance to apoptotic cells to ensure silent, noninflammatory cell demise.