julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
2022-RA-868-ESGO Risk for contralateral non sentinel metastases in patients with a unilateral positive sentinel lymph node in primary vulvar cancer- a subgroup analysis of the AGO-VOP.2 QS vulva study
2022-10-01

<h3>Introduction/Background</h3> The need for contralateral full groin dissection after bilateral sentinelnode biopsy (SNB) with only unilateral detection of a macrometastasis is unclear. Bilateral inguino-femoral lymphadenectomy (if- LAE) is recommended by German guidelines to avoid groin recurrences which are associated with high morbidity. Few unicenter, retrospective analyses have looked at the risk of contralateral non-sentinel (SNL) metastases with conflicting results. <h3>Methodology</h3> The AGO VOP.2 QS vulva study is a retrospective,multicenter study. Within the study, therapeutic data from n=306 patients, diagnosed with primary groin node positive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) between 2017–2019 at 33 gynecologic cancer centers in Germany were collected. In the current subgroup analysis, only patients with bilateral SNB and unilateral positive SNL were included. <h3>Results</h3> Of 306 documented groin node positive patients, 137 received bilateral SNB. Of these, 98 had unilateral positive SNL.58/98 (59.18%) received a consecutive bilateral if- LAE. 30/98 (30.61%) underwent unilateral if- LAE and 10/98 (10.2%) had none. Of 98 patients with unilateral positive SNL, two patients (2.04%) showed positive contralateral non-SNL. In the first patient with a midline VSCC a contralateral non-SNL metastasis was detected, despite two negative SNLs in this groin. Bilateral LAE and adjuvant chemoradiation of groins and pelvis were performed and there is no sign of recurrence 18 months after first diagnosis (FD). In the second patient one non-SNL metastasis of 2 mm was detected during LAE after a negative SNL node in the same groin. This patient received radiation to vulva and groins. She suffered from isolated groin recurrence in the groin were the SNL metastasis was initially detected, 11 months after FD. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this large multicentre retrospective trial the risk of contralateral non-SNL metastasis is low. Therefore, morbidity should be carefully balanced against oncologic safety and omission of contralateral LAE should be considered, especially in multimorbid or obese patients.
Welfare Effects of Platforms’ Exclusivity Clauses
2022-10-01

Abstract Buyers are often active on multiple digital platforms, while gatekeeper platforms can force sellers contractually to use one platform exclusively. This paper considers the welfare effects of such exclusivity clauses for buyers, sellers and platforms in a platform duopoly with a seller membership fee. A setting with partially multihoming buyers and sellers is compared to one with partially multihoming buyers and singlehoming sellers. It is shown that exclusivity clauses predominately harm total welfare. Buyers suffer if sellers are exclusive on one platform, while platforms and sellers benefit from exclusivity clauses under certain conditions. In an environment with exclusivity clauses, when strong cross-group benefits and weak platform differentiation result in fierce price competition, exclusivity clauses can be welfare-enhancing.
Investigations at Goodson Shelter, Oklahoma
2022-10-02

Goodson Shelter is a small sandstone rockshelter site located in Craig County, Oklahoma, situated alongside a minor tributary stream. Excavations at Goodson Shelter yielded over 2 m of largely intact deposits, which, based on radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating, along with a substantial record of temporally diagnostic projectile points, indicate the site was periodically occupied from the Archaic through the Woodland period. An extensive record of faunal remains suggests that over the course of the site's occupations it was used primarily as a deer hunting and field processing locale. That this site was repeatedly used for such a specialized activity is likely due to the topography in the vicinity the shelter, which made it an opportune spot for intercept hunting, and thus one that played a long-term role in settlement and subsistence strategies.
Histories of emotion in Communist and post-Communist Europe after 1945
2022-10-02

What can we learn about the recent history of central and eastern Europe by focusing on the theme of emotions? Conversely, how can the history of emotions benefit from contemporary historical work on these specific world regions? Opening a special section that sheds light on these questions, this introduction outlines the research field of emotion history and discusses pertinent studies on central and eastern Europe since 1945. To prevent emotion from becoming a catch-all concept, the introduction argues for a distinctive understanding of feelings that takes into account the dimensions of the body and the senses. It also shows that the history of emotion forces us to confront binary historiographical patterns of thought (nature vs. culture, inside vs. outside, feeling vs. expression of feeling). With regard to the analysis of state socialism, the revolutions of 1989–91, and the transition to a post-socialist order, the introduction argues that emotional dynamics should not be deterministically derived from political and economic processes, but rather that “emotion” should be understood as a category of analysis in its own right.
The functional role of p38 MAPK pathway in malignant brain tumors
2022-10-03

Gliomas are extremely debilitating malignant brain tumors with very limited response to therapies. The initiation and progression of gliomas can be attributed to several molecular abnormalities, such as mutations in important regulatory networks. In this regard, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) arise as key signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. MAPK pathway has been altered in most glial tumors. In glioma cells, the activation of p38 MAPK contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis and is positively correlated with tumor grade, being considered a potential oncogenic factor contributing to brain tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance. Hence, a better understanding of glioma pathogenesis is essential to the advancement of therapies that provide extended life expectancy for glioma patients. This review aims to explore the role of the p38 MAPK pathway in the genesis and progression of malignant brain tumors.
Staphylococcus aureus lipoproteins in infectious diseases
2022-10-03

Infections with the Gram-positive bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus remain a major challenge for the healthcare system and demand new treatment options. The increasing antibiotic resistance of S. aureus poses additional challenges, consequently inflicting a huge strain in the society due to enormous healthcare costs. S. aureus expresses multiple molecules, including bacterial lipoproteins (Lpps), which play a role not only in immune response but also in disease pathogenesis. S. aureus Lpps, the predominant ligands of TLR2, are important for bacterial survival as they maintain the metabolic activity of the bacteria. Moreover, Lpps possess many diverse properties that are of vital importance for the bacteria. They also contribute to host cell invasion but so far their role in different staphylococcal infections has not been fully defined. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about S. aureus Lpps and their distinct roles in various infectious disease animal models, such as septic arthritis, sepsis, and skin and soft tissue infections. The molecular and cellular response of the host to S. aureus Lpp exposure is also a primary focus.
Interscapular fat is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance independent of visceral fat mass
2022-10-03

Abstract Objective Dysregulated body fat distribution is a major determinant of various diseases. In particular, increased visceral fat mass and ectopic lipids in the liver are linked to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, interscapular fat is considered to be a metabolically active fat compartment. Methods This study measured interscapular fat mass and investigated its relationship with glucose metabolism in 822 individuals with a wide range of BMI values and different glucose tolerance statuses. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify body fat depots, and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed to determine glucose metabolism. Results Elevated interscapular fat mass was positively associated with age, BMI, and total body, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue mass. High interscapular fat mass associated with elevated fasting glucose levels, glucose levels at 2 hours during the oral glucose tolerance test, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance, independent of sex, age, and total body and visceral fat mass. Conclusions In conclusion, interscapular fat might be a highly specific fat compartment with a potential impact on glucose metabolism and the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.
Irony detection in patients with borderline personality disorder: an experimental study examining schizotypal traits, response biases and empathy
2022-10-03

Abstract Background In verbal irony we often convey meanings that oppose the literal words. To look behind these words, we need to integrate perspectives of ourselves, others, and their beliefs about us. Although patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience problems in social cognition and schizotypal symptoms, research on irony comprehension mainly focused on the schizophrenic spectrum. Accounting for possible negative biases in BPD, the current study examined the detection of praising and critical irony in a text messaging interface. Methods The cross-sectional study included 30 patients and 30 matched controls, who completed measures of cognitive and affective empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI), schizotypal (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire; SPQ), and borderline symptoms (Borderline Symptom List; BSL-23) and the irony detection task. The irony task contained critical and praising remarks embedded in text messages. Asking for literality (ironic vs. literal) and intention ratings (critical to praising) of the stimuli, it allowed to analyze the sensitivity of literality detection as well as implicit and explicit response biases in a signal detection framework. Results Borderline symptoms explained lower sensitivity for the detection of literal and ironic statements across groups. Whereas HC showed a negativity bias when implicitly asked about the literalness of the statement, patients with BPD perceived praising utterances as less praising when explicitly asked about their perceived intention. Neither empathy nor schizotypy explained outcomes beyond borderline symptoms. Conclusions This was the first study to show lower detection of verbal irony in patients with BPD. While patients were less biased when asked about the literality of a statement, they perceived praising remarks as less positive on explicit measurements. The results highlight the importance of congruent, transparent communication in promoting epistemic trust in individuals with BPD.
A New Adaptive Procedure for Estimating Perceptual Thresholds: The Effects of Observer Bias and Its Correction
2022-10-03

Adaptive threshold estimation procedures sample close to a subject's perceptual threshold by dynamically adapting the stimulation based on the subject's performance.Yet, perceptual thresholds not only depend on the observers' sensory capabilities but also on any bias in terms of their expectations and response preferences, thus distorting the precision of the threshold estimates.Using the framework of signal detection theory (SDT), independent estimates of both, an observer's sensitivity and internal processing bias can be delineated from threshold estimates.While this approach is commonly available for estimation procedures engaging the method of constant stimuli (MCS), correction procedures for adaptive methods (AM) are only scarcely applied.In this article, we introduce a new AM that takes individual biases into account, and that allows for a bias-corrected assessment of subjects' sensitivity.This novel AM is validated with simulations and compared to a typical MCSprocedure, for which the implementation of bias correction has been previously demonstrated.Comparing AM and MCS demonstrates the viability of the presented AM.Besides its feasibility, the results of the simulation reveal both, advantages, and limitations of the proposed AM.The procedure has considerable practical implications, in particular for the design of shaping procedures in sensory training experiments, in which task difficulty has to be constantly adapted to an observer's performance, to improve training efficiency.
Conscientiousness and Cognitive Ability as Predictors of Academic Achievement: Evidence of Synergistic Effects From Integrative Data Analysis
2022-10-04

Cognitive ability is the most powerful predictor of academic achievement. However, increasing attention is being paid to the role of personality traits in students’ academic achievement. Results indicate incremental effects beyond cognitive ability, especially for conscientiousness. Investigating the interplay of conscientiousness and cognitive ability can increase understanding of students’ academic achievement and learning. This study examined whether there are interaction effects of a synergistic or compensatory nature. We applied the approach of integrative data analysis, using four highly powered data sets with a total of 18,637 upper secondary school students in Germany to investigate this research question across four different achievement measures and three educational domains (i.e., school subjects). We used an integrative approach and pooled the results across the four samples to obtain an average estimate of the hypothesized interaction effects. Findings support a small synergistic interaction, indicating that conscientiousness moderates the association between cognitive ability and achievement. This means conscientiousness can enhance the positive effects of cognitive ability. In conclusion, results highlight the role of the type of academic measure used and the domain investigated in understanding how personality and achievement are related, providing evidence of the interplay between effort-related traits such as conscientiousness and cognitive ability.
State-of-the-art CT and MR imaging and assessment of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease: the reporting—a consensus document by the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR)
2022-10-04

Abstract The European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) is the European specialist society of cardiac and vascular imaging. This society’s highest priority is the continuous improvement, development, and standardization of education, training, and best medical practice, based on experience and evidence. The present intra-society consensus is based on the existing scientific evidence and on the individual experience of the members of the ESCR writing group on carotid diseases, the members of the ESCR guidelines committee, and the members of the executive committee of the ESCR. The recommendations published herein reflect the evidence-based society opinion of ESCR. The purpose of this second document is to discuss suggestions for standardized reporting based on the accompanying consensus document part I. Key Points • CT and MR imaging-based evaluation of carotid artery disease provides essential information for risk stratification and prediction of stroke. • The information in the report must cover vessel morphology, description of stenosis, and plaque imaging features. • A structured approach to reporting ensures that all essential information is delivered in a standardized and consistent way to the referring clinician.
Buffering new risks? Environmental, social and economic changes in the Turkana Basin during and after the African Humid Period
2022-10-04

This paper evaluates risk-oriented frameworks for explaining environmental, social, and economic changes faced by fishing and herding communities in the Turkana Basin during and after the African Humid Period (AHP, 15–5 ka). The orbitally-forced AHP created moist conditions, high lake levels, and unusual hydrological connections across much of northern and eastern Africa. As arid conditions set in and rainfall decreased between 5.3 and 3.9 ka in eastern Africa, Lake Turkana (NW Kenya) shrank dramatically. Shoreline retreat coincided with an expansion of open plains, creating new ecological conditions and potential opportunities for early herders in the basin. In this changing landscape, economies shifted from food procurement (fishing/hunting aquatic resources) to food production (herding), likely through both in-migration by pastoralists and adoption of herding by local fishers. Early pastoralists also built at least seven megalithic pillar sites that served as communal cemeteries during this time. Recent research has shown that local environmental dynamics – both during and after the AHP – were complex, demanding a more careful interrogation of the notion that post-AHP life entailed new and/or heightened risks. Risk-buffering strategies might include mobility, diversification, physical storage, and exchange. Archaeologists working around Lake Turkana have proposed that economic shifts from fishing to pastoralism entailed increased mobility as a risk-buffering strategy to deal with aridity and resource unpredictability, and that pillar sites – as fixed landmarks in an unstable landscape – provided settings for congregation and exchange amongst increasingly mobile herding communities. However, recent research has shown that local environmental dynamics in the Lake Turkana basin – both during and after the AHP – were more complex than previously thought, necessitating re-evaluation of the notion that post-AHP life entailed new and/or heightened risks. Here, we explore risk buffering strategies (e.g. mobility, diversification, physical storage and/or exchange) as only one category of potential explanation for the new social practices observed in the region at this time. Gauging their applicability requires us to (a) assess the spatial mobility of communities and individuals interred at pillar sites; (b) evaluate whether and how mobility strategies may have changed as pastoralism supplanted fishing; and (c) examine alternative explanations for social and economic changes.
Not with a “zap” but with a “beep”: measuring the origins of perinatal experience
2022-10-04

When does the mind begin? Infant psychology is mysterious in part because we cannot remember our first months of life, nor can we directly communicate with infants. Even more speculative is the possibility of mental life prior to birth. The question of when consciousness, or subjective experience, begins in human development thus remains incompletely answered, though boundaries can be set using current knowledge from developmental neurobiology and recent investigations of the perinatal brain. Here, we offer our perspective on how the development of a sensory perturbation complexity index (sPCI) based on auditory (“beep-and-zip”), visual (“flash-and-zip”), or even olfactory (“sniff-and-zip”) cortical perturbations in place of electromagnetic perturbations (“zap-and-zip”) might be used to address this question. First, we discuss recent studies of perinatal cognition and consciousness using techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and, in particular, magnetoencephalography (MEG). While newborn infants are the archetypal subjects for studying early human development, researchers may also benefit from fetal studies, as the womb is, in many respects, a more controlled environment than the cradle. The earliest possible timepoint when subjective experience might begin is likely the establishment of thalamocortical connectivity at 26 weeks gestation, as the thalamocortical system is necessary for consciousness according to most theoretical frameworks. To infer at what age and in which behavioral states consciousness might emerge following the initiation of thalamocortical pathways, we advocate for the development of the sPCI and similar techniques, based on EEG, MEG, and fMRI, to estimate the perinatal brain’s state of consciousness.
Processed model output of the climate simulation in the study: The effects of diachronous surface uplift of the European Alps on regional climate and the isotopic composition of precipitation (δ18Op) [Boateng et al.]
2022-10-04

<strong>The geodynamic evolution of the Alps suggests that the Alps did not rise monotonically due to the different post-collisional processes such as slab break-off. However, understanding such subsurface dynamics would require adequate knowledge about its surface uplift history. Stable isotope paleoaltimetry methods are widely used to infer past surface elevation using geologic archives. However, its accurate interpretation relies on attributing the extracted isotopic signal from proxies to surface uplift despite other influences such as climate. To resolve this issue, topographic sensitivity experiments across the Alps are used to investigate the impacts of the diachronous surface uplift on regional climate and δ18Op. The Atmospheric General Circulation Model ECHAM5 with water isotope tracking capabilities (ECHAM5-wiso) is used to simulate the climate with varied topographic scenarios. We present the processed (long-term means) model output of the relevant climate variables (i.e δ18Op, near-surface temperature, precipitation amount, near-surface meridional and zonal winds, mean sea level pressure, and elevation) in response to the changes in topography. The file names are representative of the topographic scenarios used for the simulations. For example, the file “W2E1.nc” is the model output produced by a topographic scenario in which the topography across the west-central Alps was set to 200% of its modern height, and the Eastern Alps were kept at 100%. The “CTL.nc” file contains model output from the control simulation that uses present-day topography. The datasets for instance can be used to select far-field sampling points for the δ-δ paleoaltimetry method that are not significantly affected by the topographic changes.</strong>
Formalising social representation to explain psychiatric symptoms
2022-10-05

Recent work in social cognition has moved beyond a focus on how people process social reward to examine how healthy people represent other agents and how this is altered in psychiatric disorder. However, formal modelling of social representation has not kept pace with these changes, impeding our understanding of how core aspects of social cognition function, and fail, in psychopathology. We suggest that belief-based computational models provide a basis for an integrated sociocognitive approach to psychiatry with the potential to address important but unexamined pathologies of social representation such as maladaptive schemas and illusory social agents.