julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Variant Rifin Antigens by Human Antibodies Induced during Natural Plasmodium falciparum Infections
2002-11-18

ABSTRACT Antibodies from individuals living in areas where malaria is endemic are known to react with parasite-derived erythrocyte surface proteins. The major immunogenic and clonally variant surface antigen described to date is Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP-1), which is encoded by members of the multicopy var gene family. We report here that rifin proteins (RIF proteins), belonging to the largest known family of variable infected erythrocyte surface-expressed proteins, are also naturally immunogenic. Recombinant RIF proteins were used to analyze the antibody responses of individuals living in an area of intense malaria transmission. Elevated anti-rifin antibody levels were detected in the majority of the adult population tested, whereas the prevalence of such antibodies was much lower in malaria-exposed children. Despite the high degree of diversity between rif sequences and the high gene copy number, it appears that P. falciparum infections can induce antibodies that cross-react with several variant rifin molecules in many parasite isolates in a given community, and the immune response is most likely to be stable over time in a hyperendemic area. The protein was localized by fluorescence microscopy on the membrane of ring and young trophozoite-infected erythrocytes with antibodies from human immune sera with specificities for recombinant RIF protein.
Debugging of behavioral VHDL specifications by source level emulation
2002-11-19

We present an approach to accelerate the validation speed of behavioral VHDL system specifications through the use of hardware emulation. The method allows source level debugging of behavioral, algorithmic VHDL in a way similar to source level debugging known from software programming languages. We can set breakpoints in the source code and evaluate the contents of variables by reading the registers of the circuit when a breakpoint is reached.
High-speed volume rendering using redundant block compression
2002-11-19

Presents a novel volume rendering method which offers high rendering speed on standard workstations. It is based on a lossy data compression scheme which drastically reduces the memory bandwidth and computing requirements of perspective raycasting. Starting from classified and shaded data sets, we use block truncation coding or color cell compression to compress a block of 12 voxels into 32 bits. All blocks of the data set are processed redundantly, yielding a data structure which avoids multiple memory accesses per raypoint. As a side effect, the tri-linear interpolation of data coded in such a way is very much simplified. These techniques allow us to perform walkthroughs at interactive frame rates. Furthermore, the algorithm provides depth-cueing and the semi-transparent display of different materials. The algorithm achieves a sustained frame generation rate of about 2 Hz for large data sets (/spl sim/200/sup 3/) at an acceptable image quality on an SGI Indy workstation. A number of examples are shown.
Eliminating the Z-Buffer bottleneck
2002-11-19

We present a solution to one of the fundamental problems in computer graphics, the hidden surface removal. In most 3D-graphics systems the hidden surface removal is done using the Z-Buffer algorithm. This method, however, requires one to perform a read-modify-write memory access for each visible pixel, which represents a severe performance limit. We introduce a novel SRAM cell, which incorporates the needed logical units to perform the Z-Buffer algorithm on its own. Placed into the page register of conventional DRAMs, almost any pixel rate can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Medical and surgical applications of FELs
2002-11-19

Every medical laser application is based upon e the compromise between efficiency and collateral adverse effects. The optimizing strategies of preclinical investigations of IR lasers can be dramatically improved by using FEL technology, allowing the free combination of wavelength, pulselength and energy. The new approach is illustrated by the results from photoablation of three different types of tissue (cornea, dental hard substances and atheromatous plaques). FEL technology enables the optimizing of physical and biological parameters and reducing risks while minimizing time and costs involved.
System validation by source level emulation of behavioral VHDL specifications
2002-11-19

We present an approach to accelerate the validation speed of behavioral VHDL system specifications through the use of hardware emulation. The method allows source level debugging of behavioral, algorithmic VHDL in a way similar to source level debugging known from software programming languages. We can set breakpoints in the source code and evaluate the contents of variables by reading the registers of the circuit when a breakpoint is reached.
Robotic telemanipulator for laparoscopy
2002-11-19

A concept of a telemanipulator for laparoscopic surgery is presented. It enables endoscopic handling of surgical effecters and cameras inside the abdominal cavity with six degrees of freedom of motion through a trocar tube 12 mm in diameter. The kinematical structure consists of fourteen axes articulated by six electrical servo drives.
Reduced design time by load distribution with CAD framework methodology information
2002-11-19

This paper is focused on reducing the design time in a CAD framework environment by the optimal use of resources. A user-transparent load distribution system (Framework based LOad Distribution System-FLODIS) is presented that enables a distributed execution of design tools over a heterogeneous network of workstations. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is to allocate tools to workstations by using estimations about the required resources. These values can be obtained by user-defined tool characteristics, recorded previous tool executions and by methodology information provided by the framework. Compared with standard distribution approaches that use less information about the activities, experimental data show a significant average reduction (40-50%) of the tool execution time.
Device selection for system partitioning
2002-11-19

This paper presents a new approach to the problem of selecting suited target technologies and devices for complex circuits. The implemented algorithm is based on formulating partitioning and device selection as a general facility location problem. The complexity of this NP-hard problem is reduced by transferring the constraints of the function in a dual lower bound function using Lagrangian relaxation and subgradient optimization. The evaluated sample circuits, generated by high-level synthesis tools, show cost minimized implementations using low computing times.
Magnetic Fields of Accreting X‐Ray Pulsars with theRossi X‐Ray Timing Explorer
2002-11-20

Using a consistent set of models, we parameterized the X-ray spectra of all accreting pulsars in the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer database which exhibit Cyclotron Resonance Scattering Features (CRSFs, or cyclotron lines). These sources in our sample are Her X-1, 4U 0115+63, Cen X-3, 4U 1626-67, XTE J1946-274, Vela X-1, 4U 1907+09, 4U 1538-52, GX 301-2, and 4U 0352+309 (X Per). We searched for correlations among the spectral parameters, concentrating on how the cyclotron line energy relates to the continuum and therefore how the neutron star B-field influences the X-Ray emission. As expected, we found a correlation between the CRSF energy and the spectral cutoff energy. However, with our consistent set of fits we found that the relationship is more complex than what has been reported previously. Also, we found that not only does the width of the cyclotron line correlate with the energy (as suggested by theory), but that the width scaled by the energy correlates with the depth of the feature. We discuss the implications of these results, including the possibility that accretion directly affects the relative alignment of the neutron star spin and dipole axes. Lastly, we comment on the current state of fitting phenomenological models to spectra in the RXTE/BeppoSAX era and the need for better theoretical models of the X-Ray continua of accreting pulsars.
TCDD‐dependent downregulation of γ‐catenin in rat liver epithelial cells (WB‐F344)
2002-11-21

Abstract TCDD (2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐ p ‐dioxin) is the most potent tumor promoter ever tested in rodents. Although it is known that most of the effects of TCDD are mediated by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the mechanisms leading to tumor promotion still remain to be elucidated. Loss of contact‐inhibition is a characteristic hallmark in tumorigenesis. In WB‐F344 cells, TCDD induces a release from contact‐inhibition manifested by a 2‐ to 3‐fold increase in DNA‐synthesis and the emergence of foci when TCDD (1 nM) is given to confluent cells. We focussed our interest on potential cell membrane proteins mediating contact‐inhibition in WB‐F344 cells, namely E‐cadherin, α,‐ β,‐ and γ‐catenin (plakoglobin). Using indirect immunofluorescence, E‐cadherin, α‐, β‐ and γ‐catenin were detected at cell adhesion sites in untreated, confluent cells. After TCDD‐exposure, γ‐catenin was exclusively localized in the cytoplasm whereas localization of E‐cadherin, α‐ and β‐catenin remained unaffected. Cytoplasmic γ‐catenin could be extracted by Triton X‐100 treatment, demonstrating that γ‐catenin was no longer bound to the actin cytoskeleton. Western blot analysis showed downregulation of γ‐catenin protein levels. This effect was not blocked by pre‐incubation with the selective proteasome inhibitor MG‐132, indicating that proteolytical degradation of γ‐catenin by the proteasome system was not increased by TCDD. Because mRNA‐levels of γ‐catenin were markedly diminished after TCDD‐exposure, we conclude that transcriptional downregulation or destabilization of the mRNA contributes to the decrease in γ‐catenin protein levels in response to TCDD. Because γ‐catenin is considered to be a tumor suppressor, our findings might give more insight into the tumor promoting actions of TCDD. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computing communication cost by Petri nets for hardware/software codesign
2002-11-22

This work presents a method to compute communication cost by applying Petri nets. This cost is being used to guide the hardware/software partitioning in a methodology for hardware/software codesign context, which is being developed. Petri nets are a family of formalisms sharing basic principles. Although for each purpose or detail level one appropriated formalism have to be chosen from the family, the transformation from one formalism to another could be sound. The use of Petri makes the partitioning method independent on a specific description mechanism. Additionally, Petri net as an intermediate format allows to analyse behavioral properties of the specification and formally to compute performance indices which are used in the partitioning process.
EvA: a tool for optimization with evolutionary algorithms
2002-11-22

We describe the EvA software package which consists of parallel (and sequential) implementations of genetic algorithms (GAs) and evolution strategies (ESs) and a common graphical user interface. We concentrate on the descriptions of the two distributed implementations of GAs and ESs which are of most interest for the future. We present comparisons of different kinds of genetic algorithms and evolution strategies that include implementations of distributed algorithms on the Intel Paragon, a large MIMD computer and massively parallel algorithms on a 16384 processor MasPar MP-1, a large SIMD computer. The results show that parallelization of evolution strategies not only achieves a speedup in execution time of the algorithm, but also a higher probability of convergence and an increase of quality of the achieved solutions. In the benchmark functions we tested, the distributed ESs have a better performance than the distributed GAs.
Design of a hybrid modular sensor system for gas and odor analysis
2002-11-22

We present a new very flexible design of a sensor system for gas and odor analysis, which may easily be optimized for specific applications. The core part contains a digital bus system that connects individual sensor modules with a central processor. By using dedicated microcontrollers onboard the modules it is possible to use any kind of transduction principles ("hybrid system"), with typical numbers of individual sensor elements for each transducer of the order of 8, as well as actuators. The measured sensor parameters are transmitted via a standard protocol on the digital bus system, hence all types of modules are interchangeable. This allows an easy adaption of new technologies to new applications. The specifications of the interface are available to developers and researchers, thus offering them the possibility to introduce their own specific technologies for certain applications. The system allows one to combine self made sensors with a growing range of other available technologies and can thus be used as a benchmarking tool.
Reversible space equals deterministic space
2002-11-22

This paper describes the simulation of an S(n) space-bounded deterministic Turing machine by a reversible Turing machine operating in space S(n). It thus answers a question posed by C. Bennett (1989) and refutes the conjecture, made by M. Li and P. Vitanyi (1996), that any reversible simulation of an irreversible computation must obey Bennett's reversible pebble game rules.
Chiral discrimination by simple gas sensors
2002-11-22

The discrimination of optical isomers (enantiomers) in the gas phase has been performed using thickness shear mode resonators (TSMRs). The selective coatings included both enantiomers ((S)- and (R)-receptor) of a Chirasil-Val(R)-derivative (stationary phase material in gas chromatography (GC)) with octyl-side chains. A successful discrimination of the enantiomers of different types of analytes (amino acids and lactates) was achieved. The results were in good agreement with GC-measurements. In addition different mixtures of the enantiomers of the respective analyte were investigated and the enantiomeric composition could be determined quantitatively with excellent reliability. Thus, the sensors allow an on-line-monitoring (not possible for GC) of enantiomeric purity.
Gas Phase Structure of O-Nitrobis(trifluoromethyl)hydroxylamine, (CF3)2NONO2:  An Extremely Long ON Bond
2002-11-22

The gas phase structure of O-nitrobis(trifluoromethyl)hydroxylamine, (CF(3))(2)NONO(2), has been determined with gas electron diffraction and quantum chemical calculations (HF, MP2, and B3LYP with 6-31G basis sets). The calculations predict a structure with C(s) overall symmetry, a planar NONO(2) skeleton, and the NO(2) group oriented anti with respect to the CNC plane. The electron diffraction intensities are reproduced very well with such a model. The molecule possesses pyramidal configuration at the amino nitrogen atom, and the following geometric parameters (r(a) values with 3sigma uncertainties) were obtained for the NONO(2) skeleton: N-O = 1.392(18) A, O-N = 1.597(16) A, (N=O)(mean) = 1.192(4) A, N-O-N = 106.9(25) degrees, O=N=O = 138.4(24) degrees. The extremely long O-N distance is rationalized by very weak bonding between the two stable radicals (CF(3))(2)NO and NO(2). Whereas the ab initio methods HF (O-N = 1.395 A) and MP2 (O-N = 1.664 A) fail to reproduce this bond length correctly, the hybrid method B3LYP (O-N = 1.584 A) results in good agreement.
Detection of off-odors using a hybrid modular sensor system
2002-11-22

Experimental results are presented of a qualitative analysis of off-odors in packaging materials, obtained with a hybrid modular sensor system. The sensing elements are combined in two modules of the hybrid modular sensor system MOSES II which contains different types of transducers. The modules chosen in the present study consist of 8 metal oxide-based semiconductor gas sensors and 8 polymer coated quartz microbalance sensors (QMB). Pattern recognition was performed by principal component analysis (PCA). For packaging materials a discrimination between unprinted and printed materials could be achieved successfully by comparing three different samples. These results characterize the performance and reproducibility of the newly designed hybrid modular sensor system for investigations of a broad spectrum of other applications.
Sol-gel prepared In/sub 2/O/sub 3/ thin films for ozone sensing
2002-11-22

Novel ozone sensors based on In/sub 2/O/sub 3/ thin films on sapphire substrates with interdigitated comb structures have been prepared from indium isopropoxide solutions by the sol-gel process. Highly sensitive films have been obtained by using aged solutions. The annealing temperature was 500/spl deg/C. Compared with earlier thin film devices, the advantages of these sensors include significantly higher ozone sensitivity (as large as 6 at 45 ppb), lower working temperature (below 200/spl deg/C) and low production cost.
HighRobot: a high-performance universal robot control on parallel workstations
2002-11-22

This paper introduces a new type of parallel robot control based on standard hardware and software. HighRobot is a universal control for robot arms as well as peripheral devices. The control hardware is a multiprocessor SPARCstation running Solaris 2.x with soft real-time features compliant to POSIX.4. The software of the HighRobot control has an object-oriented design. Both hardware and software are structured in layers. The device control tasks are running in parallel on the workstation. The robot drives and peripheral devices are connected to HighRobot by the field-bus CAN.
Measuring the effects of OCR errors on similarity linking
2002-11-22

The vector-space model offers an easy and robust model for Information Retrieval. Thereby, the similarities between queries and documents as well as the similarities between documents themselves are of importance. Document similarities may be used in order to generate links between documents that lead users from one document to related ones. Studies have shown that the vector-space model is robust in the context of OCR-processing if manually constructed queries are used. However it is not clear whether this model, if used for hypertext construction, is robust with regard to data corruption as caused by OCR engines. In this paper, we describe the performance of automatic hypertext construction, based on the vector-space model, with regard to three different measures: the number of overtakings within the used rankings, the accumulated distance of a document's position within the rankings and a comparison based on recall-precision graphs.
HIGHROBOT: telerobotics in the Internet
2002-11-22

HIGHROBOT is an open workstation based robot control which has full access to the Internet and its Web-technologies. Here, the usage of Java-applets offers new applications in telerobotics. Additionally, the HIGHROBOT system offers access to high speed networks. This leads to a vast field of new applications which cannot be found in traditional control systems. In this paper we present a prototype controller implementation for a manipulator controlled via the Internet. The robot arm can be controlled running a Java applet on a remote system. Our object oriented software architecture is based on the design of a general application independent server concept that can be used in distributed object computing.
Analysis of electrical test data using a neural network approach
2002-11-22

This project aims at the development of new and fast tools helping to interpret the results of electrical measurements of chips (functional data) and of test structures between the chips, the so called process control monitors (PCM). The goal is to recognize and classify deviations in these results as soon as they become available so that process corrections can be implemented more quickly.
Co-emulation and debugging of HW/SW-systems
2002-11-22

Presents a method that allows one to observe and control the emulation of communicating systems consisting of hardware (HW) and software (SW) parts. The approach provides the ability to set breakpoints in either technology, without breaking the protocol or losing data. Systems may contain several SW and HW processes. Each process runs in a separate debugger, while the presented approach provides the necessary synchronization between the processes to preclude loss of data at the communication interfaces due to breakpoints. Therefore it allows the operation to continue after a breakpoint, which is essential for interactive debugging.
Performance analysis for a Java-based virtual prototype
2002-11-22

For the development of complex microelectronic systems with real-time requirements, shortened time-to-market and reduced budgets, virtual prototyping is essential for an efficient design process. These initial prototypes can be used to efficiently check design alternatives, to validate the functionality and to find time and cost critical parts of the system. To meet these requirements an initial software specification with Java is proposed in this paper. It will be shown that the inherent features of the Java language combined with the proposed extensions provide a powerful design environment for building and analysing an initial prototype. Experimental results underline the efficiency of the presented approach.
Peltier cooling of superconducting electronics
2002-11-22

The increase of the superconducting transition temperature in some of the cuprate superconductors to values higher than 130 K is generating strong interest in the exploration of Peltier cooling for the operation of superconducting electronics. In this case, we need materials with a sufficiently large figure of merit z down to temperatures near 100 K. We have performed measurements of the Seebeck coefficient, the thermal conductivity and the electric resistivity in the temperature range 80-300 K of Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/-based materials with admixtures of Sb and Se, and studied the influence of pulverization and sintering. The resulting z-values are reported. The influence of sintering on the microstructure of the samples has been studied by SEM.
On automatic similarity linking in digital libraries
2002-11-22

Hypertext links are a powerful extension of standard information retrieval techniques based on query languages. However the generation of links is often impractical due to large manual and/or computational effort. We analyze the effects of two main approaches that aim at a restriction of the necessary efforts: the direct use of OCR-processed documents instead of manually post-processed, i.e. corrected documents; and the use of shorter excerpts of documents instead of complete documents. For our tests, similarity links were computed based on the vector-space model; the links that are generated based on unmodified OCR documents and excerpts of documents are then compared to those links that are generated based on complete documents without OCR errors.
Making nondeterminism unambiguous
2002-11-23

We show that in the context of nonuniform complexity, nondeterministic logarithmic space bounded computation can be made unambiguous. An analogous result holds for the class of problems reducible to context-free languages. In terms of complexity classes, this can be stated as: NL/poly=UL/poly LogCFL/poly=UAuxPDA(log n, n/sup O(1)/)/poly.
Incremental view-dependent multiresolution triangulation of terrain
2002-11-23

A view-dependent multiresolution triangulation algorithm is presented for a real-time flythrough. The triangulation of the terrain is generated incrementally on-the-fly during the rendering time. We show that since the view changes smoothly only a few incremental modifications are required to update the triangulation to a new view. The resulting triangles form a multiresolution Delaunay triangulation which satisfies a predetermined view-dependent error tolerance. The presented method provides a guaranteed quality mesh since it has control over the global geometric approximation error of the multiresolution view-dependent triangulation.