julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Immediate and delayed neuroendocrine responses to social exclusion in males and females
2018-04-19

Social exclusion is a complex phenomenon, with wide-ranging immediate and delayed effects on well-being, hormone levels, brain activation and motivational behavior. Building upon previous work, the current fMRI study investigated affective, endocrine and neural responses to social exclusion in a more naturalistic Cyberball task in 40 males and 40 females. As expected, social exclusion elicited well-documented affective and neural responses, i.e., increased anger and distress, as well as increased exclusion-related activation of the anterior insula, the posterior-medial frontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cortisol and testosterone decreased over the course of the experiment, whereas progesterone showed no changes. Hormone levels were not correlated with subjective affect, but they were related to exclusion-induced neural responses. Exclusion-related activation in frontal areas was associated with decreases in cortisol and increases in testosterone until recovery. Given that results were largely independent of sex, the current findings have important implications regarding between-sex vs. within-sex variations and the conceptualization of state vs. trait neuroendocrine functions in social neuroscience.
Optimisation of quantitative miRNA panels to consolidate the diagnostic surveillance of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma
2018-04-19

The three miRNAs mir-21, mir-122, mir-192, together with AFP, are biomarkers that may be applied to improve diagnostics of HCC in HBV patients, especially in HBV-related LC patients with normal AFP levels or HCC patients with small tumor sizes.
Temperature Dependent Epitaxial Growth of C60 Overlayers on Single Crystal Pentacene
2018-04-19

Abstract Heteroepitaxy of one material onto another molecular single crystal surface is one promising route for resolving questions about formation criteria of molecular heterojunction structures as well as for the development of next‐generation organic electronic devices allowing efficient intermolecular charge carrier exchange. In the present work, the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane crystallinity of an epitaxial molecular p–n heterojunction, C 60 (acceptor) overlayers formed on the single crystal surface of pentacene (donor), and its evolution, depending on the growth temperature, are systematically elucidated. It is demonstrated that the crystallinity of the C 60 on pentacene is dominated by the temperature during the growth rather than the postannealing of the sample. The mean crystallite size in the in‐plane directions grows from 50 to 150 nm proportionally to the growth temperature in a range of 125–370 K. The present results suggest that the formation mechanisms of the C 60 /pentacene heterojunction are kinetically controlled, by diffusion processes at the molecular interface, rather than by the thermal equilibrium conditions.
Language comprehension as a multi‐label classification problem
2018-04-19

The initial stage of language comprehension is a multilabel classification problem. Listeners or readers, presented with an utterance, need to discriminate between the intended words and the tens of thousands of other words they know. We propose to address this problem by pairing two networks. The first network is independently learned with the Rescorla Wagner model. The second network is based on the first network and learned with the rule of Widrow and Hoff. The first network has to recover from sublexical input features the meanings encoded in the language signal, resulting in a vector of activations over the lexicon. The second network takes this vector as input and further reduces uncertainty about the intended message. Classification performance for a lexicon with 52,000 entries is good. The model also correctly predicts several aspects of human language comprehension. By rejecting the traditional linguistic assumption that language is a (de)compositional system, and by instead espousing a discriminative approach, a more parsimonious yet highly effective functional characterization of the initial stage of language comprehension is obtained.
The Eternity of the Triune God: Preliminary Considerations on the Relationship between the Trinity and the Time of Creation
2018-04-19

Abstract How may we avoid falling into the traps of representations of God as wholly timeless or enmeshed in creaturely time? What may be needed is a Trinitarian account which, in the footsteps of Basil of Caesarea and Calvin's proposals, articulates God's atemporal, eternal presence in time (God the Father), God's eternally temporal presence (the Son), and God's eternally perfecting relationship to creation in its created time (the Holy Spirit). By construing the Trinity not just causally, but as a conversation in which we are made participants, we might gain a richer understanding of God's eternity which, far from excluding time, takes it up within God's own life.
Report on 1707.07280v2
2018-04-19

I gently introduce the diagrammatic birdtrack notation, first for vector algebra and then for permutations.After moving on to general tensors I review some recent results on Hermitian Young operators, gluon projectors, and multiplet bases for SU(N ) colour space.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Visual Auras in Epilepsy and Migraine - An Analysis of Clinical Characteristics.
2018-04-19

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of visual auras (VA) in epilepsy and migraine.BACKGROUND: Both disorders are usually diagnosed on clinical grounds, but differentiation might be challenging in isolated auras or because of the similar presentation in migraine and epilepsy.METHODS: A retrospective study of two cohorts was performed to compare the VA characteristics of 27 epilepsy patients and 27 age-matched migraine patients.RESULTS: The duration of VA was significantly shorter in epilepsy (median: 56s; 1st quartile Q1: 26s; 3rd quartile Q3: 130s) than in migraine (20 min; Q1: 10 min; Q3: 30 min) (P < .0001). A cutoff duration of ≥5 minutes identified all migraine patients (100% sensitivity, 92% specificity). VAs of epileptic etiology were characterized by restriction to a visual hemifield (74.1% vs 29.6% in migraine, P = .0024) with stereotypic affection of one hemifield (55.5% vs 7.4% in migraine, P = 0.0003). Centrifugal or centripetal spread of visual phenomena only occurred in migraine (37.0%), but not in epilepsy (P = 0.0007). If present, accompanying symptoms such as nausea/vomiting (19/27) or photo-/phonophobia (17/27) identify migrainous auras (vs 0/27 in the epilepsy patients; P < .0001). Headache presented in all migraine patients, but was also observed in six of the epilepsy patients during cephalic auras or the postictal phase (P < .0001). None of the visual migrainous auras evolved into an epileptic seizure, a concept called migralepsy.CONCLUSIONS: Several clinical characteristics differentiate VA of epileptic and migrainous origin - if presenting in classical manner. Additional EEG evaluations should be performed in patients with VA of unclear etiology and epileptic VA features added to current classifications to increase their discriminatory power.© 2017 American Headache Society. PMID: 28488762
Donated chemical probes for open science
2018-04-20

Potent, selective and broadly characterized small molecule modulators of protein function (chemical probes) are powerful research reagents. The pharmaceutical industry has generated many high-quality chemical probes and several of these have been made available to academia. However, probe-associated data and control compounds, such as inactive structurally related molecules and their associated data, are generally not accessible. The lack of data and guidance makes it difficult for researchers to decide which chemical tools to choose. Several pharmaceutical companies (AbbVie, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, MSD, Pfizer, and Takeda) have therefore entered into a pre-competitive collaboration to make available a large number of innovative high-quality probes, including all probe-associated data, control compounds and recommendations on use (https://openscienceprobes.sgc-frankfurt.de/). Here we describe the chemical tools and target-related knowledge that have been made available, and encourage others to join the project.
Electrophysiological correlates of neurodegeneration in motor and non-motor brain regions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis—implications for brain–computer interfacing
2018-04-20

Here we review a broad range of electrophysiological studies in ALS patients with the aim to identify electrophysiological correlates of ALS-related neurodegeneration in motor and non-motor brain regions in to better understand potential neurophysiological limitations of current BCI systems for ALS patients. To this end we analyze studies in ALS patients that investigated basic sensory evoked potentials, resting-state and task-based paradigms using electroencephalography or electrocorticography for basic research purposes as well as for brain-computer interfacing. Main results and significance. Our review underscores that, similarly to mounting evidence from neuroimaging and neuropathology, electrophysiological measures too indicate neurodegeneration in non-motor areas in ALS. Furthermore, we identify an unexpected gap of basic and advanced electrophysiological studies in late-stage ALS patients, particularly in the locked-in state. We propose a research strategy on how to fill this gap in order to improve the design and performance of future BCI systems for this patient group.
Tracking the fate of adoptively transferred myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the primary breast tumor microenvironment
2018-04-20

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid progenitor cells that are expanded in cancer and act as potent suppressors of the anti-tumor immune response. MDSCs consist of two major subsets, namely monocytic (M-) MDSCs and granulocytic (G-) MDSCs that differ with respect to their phenotype, morphology and mechanisms of suppression. Here, we cultured bone marrow cells with IL-6 and GM-CSF in vitro to generate a population of bone marrow MDSCs (BM-MDSCs) similar to G-MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice in regards to phenotype, morphology and suppressive-function. Through fluorescent labeling of these BM-MDSCs and optical imaging, we could visualize the recruitment and localization of BM-MDSCs in breast tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that BM-MDSCs home to primary and metastatic breast tumors, but have no significant effect on tumor growth or progression. Ex vivo flow cytometry characterization of BM-MDSCs after adoptive transfer demonstrated both organ-and tumor-specific effects on their phenotype and differentiation, demonstrating the importance of the local microenvironment on MDSC fate and function. In this study, we have developed a method to generate, visualize and detect BM-MDSCs in vivo and ex vivo through optical imaging and flow cytometry, in order to understand the organ-specific changes rendered to MDSCs in breast cancer.
Toward a global geroethics – gerontology and the theory of the good human life
2018-04-20

Abstract Gerontologists have proposed different concepts for ageing well such as ‘successful ageing’, ‘active ageing’, and ‘healthy ageing’. These conceptions are primarily focused on maintaining health and preventing disease. But they also raise the questions: what is a good life in old age and how can it be achieved? While medical in origin, these concepts and strategies for ageing well also contain ethical advice for individuals and societies on how to act regarding ageing and old age. This connection between gerontology and ethics is overlooked by both schools of thought. We thus develop this research programme for a systematic geroethics in four steps. First, we analyze ‘successful ageing’ as put forward by Rowe and Kahn as a paradigmatic example of a gerontological conception of ageing well. Then, in a second step, we move from criticisms within gerontology to an ethical perspective; in particular, we want to clarify the problem of the claim of universal validity of conceptions of the good life. In a third constructive step, we explain how the ‘capabilities approach’ could be applied in this context as a normative foundation for the implicit normative assumptions of gerontological conceptions of ageing well, such as a particular choice of functionings, the ethical relevance of human agency, and the resulting claims of individuals towards society. Finally, using a concept developed by the German philosopher Ursula Wolf, we systematically develop the different aspects of the connection between ageing well and the theory of the good life in their full complexity and show their interconnectedness.
Chiral d-wave superconductivity in a triangular surface lattice mediated by long-range interaction
2018-04-20

Correlated ad-atom systems on the Si(111) surface have recently attracted an\\nincreased attention as strongly correlated systems with a rich phase diagram.\\nWe study these materials by a single band model on the triangular lattice\\nincluding 1/r long-range interaction. Employing the recently proposed TRILEX\\nmethod we find an unconventional superconducting phase of chiral d-wave\\nsymmetry in hole-doped systems. The superconductivity is driven simultaneously\\nby both charge and spin fluctuations and is strongly enhanced by the long-range\\ntail of the interaction. We provide an analysis of the relevant collective\\nbosonic modes and explain how in triangular symmetry both charge and spin\\nchannels contribute to the Cooper-pairing.\\n
Does Grammatical Number Influence the Semantic Priming Between Number Cues and Words Related to Vertical Space? An Investigation Using Virtual Reality
2018-04-20

The GES framework postulates a hierarchical order between grounded, embodied, and situated representations. Against this background, the present study investigated the relation of two effects: (i) a semantic priming between number cues and words with referents up or down in the world according to the number's magnitude which is supposed to be grounded (cf. Lachmair et al., 2014) and (ii) the compatibility between number cues and the grammatical word form of the words according to the number's multitude which is supposed to be embodied (cf. Roettger and Domahs, 2015). In two experiments words referring to objects up or down in the world and spatially neutral words were presented subsequent to the numbers "1" and "9." In Experiment 1 words were presented in singular word form and in Experiment 2 in plural word form. For the first time, Virtual Reality was used in such an experimental setup in order to reduce spatial predispositions of participants and to provide a homogeneous experimental environment for replication purposes. According to GES it was expected that the spatial semantic priming should occur in both grammatical word forms. However, the compatibility with grammatical number should only occur for the plural word form due to its markedness. The results of Experiment 1 support the spatial-semantic-priming-hypothesis but not the grammatical-number-hypothesis. The results of Experiment 2 supported only the grammatical-number-hypothesis. It is argued that the grounded spatial effect of Experiment 1 was not affected by grammatical number. However, in Experiment 2 this effect vanished due to an activated embodied reference frame according to grammatical number.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Novel genetically encoded fluorescent probes enable real-time detection of potassium in vitro and in vivo.
2018-04-20

Changes in intra- and extracellular potassium ion (K+) concentrations control many important cellular processes and related biological functions. However, our current understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns of physiological and pathological K+ changes is severely limited by the lack of practicable detection methods. We developed K+-sensitive genetically encoded, Förster resonance energy transfer-(FRET) based probes, called GEPIIs, which enable quantitative real-time imaging of K+ dynamics. GEPIIs as purified biosensors are suitable to directly and precisely quantify K+ levels in different body fluids and cell growth media. GEPIIs expressed in cells enable time-lapse and real-time recordings of global and local intracellular K+ signals. Hitherto unknown Ca2+-triggered, organelle-specific K+ changes were detected in pancreatic beta cells. Recombinant GEPIIs also enabled visualization of extracellular K+ fluctuations in vivo with 2-photon microscopy. Therefore, GEPIIs are relevant for diverse K+ assays and open new avenues for live-cell K+ imaging. PMID: 29127288 Funding information This work was supported by: Austrian Science Fund FWF, Austria Grant ID: W 1226 Austrian Science Fund FWF, Austria Grant ID: P 28529 Austrian Science Fund FWF, Austria Grant ID: P 27070
Neural correlates of processing emotional prosody in unipolar depression
2018-04-22

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a biased emotion perception. In the auditory domain, MDD patients have been shown to exhibit attenuated processing of positive emotions expressed by speech melody (prosody). So far, no neuroimaging studies examining the neural basis of altered processing of emotional prosody in MDD are available. In this study, we addressed this issue by examining the emotion bias in MDD during evaluation of happy, neutral, and angry prosodic stimuli on a five‐point Likert scale during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As expected, MDD patients rated happy prosody less intense than healthy controls (HC). At neural level, stronger activation in the middle superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the amygdala was found in all participants when processing emotional as compared to neutral prosody. MDD patients exhibited an increased activation of the amygdala during processing prosody irrespective of valence while no significant differences between groups were found for the STG, indicating that altered processing of prosodic emotions in MDD occurs rather within the amygdala than in auditory areas. Concurring with the valence‐specific behavioral effect of attenuated evaluation of positive prosodic stimuli, activation within the left amygdala of MDD patients correlated with ratings of happy, but not neutral or angry prosody. Our study provides first insights in the neural basis of reduced experience of positive information and an abnormally increased amygdala activity during prosody processing.
Human Consciousness: Where Is It From and What Is It for
2018-04-23

Consciousness is not a process in the brain but a kind of behavior that, of course, is controlled by the brain like any other behavior. Human consciousness emerges on the interface between three components of animal behavior: communication, play, and the use of tools. These three components interact on the basis of anticipatory behavioral control, which is common for all complex forms of animal life. All three do not exclusively distinguish our close relatives, i.e., primates, but are broadly presented among various species of mammals, birds, and even cephalopods; however, their particular combination in humans is unique. The interaction between communication and play yields symbolic games, most importantly language; the interaction between symbols and tools results in human praxis. Taken together, this gives rise to a mechanism that allows a creature, instead of performing controlling actions overtly, to play forward the corresponding behavioral options in a "second reality" of objectively (by means of tools) grounded symbolic systems. The theory possesses the following properties: (1) It is anti-reductionist and anti-eliminativist, and yet, human consciousness is considered as a purely natural (biological) phenomenon. (2) It avoids epiphenomenalism and indicates in which conditions human consciousness has evolutionary advantages, and in which it may even be disadvantageous. (3) It allows to easily explain the most typical features of consciousness, such as objectivity, seriality and limited resources, the relationship between consciousness and explicit memory, the feeling of conscious agency, etc.
Quantum phase transition with dissipative frustration
2018-04-23

We study the quantum phase transition of the one-dimensional phase model in\\nthe presence of dissipative frustration, provided by an interaction of the\\nsystem with the environment through two non-commuting operators. Such a model\\ncan be realized in Josephson junction chains with shunt resistances and\\nresistances between the chain and the ground. Using a self-consistent harmonic\\napproximation, we determine the phase diagram at zero temperature which\\nexhibits a quantum phase transition between an ordered phase, corresponding to\\nthe superconducting state, and a disordered phase, corresponding to the\\ninsulating state with localized superconducting charge. Interestingly, we find\\nthat the critical line separating the two phases has a non monotonic behavior\\nas a function of the dissipative coupling strength. This result is a\\nconsequence of the frustration between (i) one dissipative coupling that\\nquenches the quantum phase fluctuations favoring the ordered phase and (ii) one\\nthat quenches the quantum momentum (charge) fluctuations leading to a vanishing\\nphase coherence. Moreover, within the self-consistent harmonic approximation,\\nwe analyze the dissipation induced crossover between a first and second order\\nphase transition, showing that quantum frustration increases the range in which\\nthe phase transition is second order. The non monotonic behavior is reflected\\nalso in the purity of the system that quantifies the degree of correlation\\nbetween the system and the environment, and in the logarithmic negativity as\\nentanglement measure that encodes the internal quantum correlations in the\\nchain.\\n
Long-term and short-term action-effect links and their impact on effect monitoring.
2018-04-23

People aim to produce effects in the environment, and according to ideomotor theory, actions are selected and executed via anticipations of their effects. Further, to ensure that an action has been successful and an effect has been realized, we must be able to monitor the consequences of our actions. However, action-effect links might vary between situations, some might apply for a majority of situations, while others might only apply to special occasions. With a combination of behavioral and electrophysiological markers, we show that monitoring of self-produced action effects interferes with other tasks, and that the length of effect monitoring is determined by both, long-term action-effect links that hold for most situations, and short-term action-effect links that emerge from a current setting. Effect monitoring is fast and frugal when these action-effect links allow for valid anticipation of action effects, but otherwise effect monitoring takes longer and delays a subsequent task. Specific influences of long-term and short-term links on the P1/N1 and P3a further allow to dissect the temporal dynamics of when these links interact for the purpose of effect monitoring. (PsycINFO Database Record