julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Branching Random Walks in Random Environment are Diffusive in the Regular Growth Phase
2011-01-01

We treat branching random walks in random environment using the framework of Linear Stochastic Evolution. In spatial dimensions three or larger, we establish diusive behaviour in the entire growth phase. This can be seen through a Central Limit Theorem with respect to the population density as well as through an invariance principle for a path measure we introduce.
Combining Traditional Map Labeling with Boundary Labeling
2011-01-01

The traditional map labeling problems are mostly NP-hard. Hence, effective heuristics and approximations have been developed in the past. Recently, efficient algorithms for the so-called boundary labeling model have been introduced which assumes that the labels are placed on the boundary of the map and connected by polygonal leaders to their corresponding sites. Internal labels have been forbidden. In this paper, we allow both. Since clearly internal labels should be preferred, we consider several maximization problems for the number of internal labels and we show that they can be obtained efficiently or in quasi-polynomial time.
Structure-Sensitivity in Actuality: Notes from a Class of Preference Expressions
2011-01-01

The paper deals with the development of certain preference expressions (in particular 'rather') against the background of language change. Following results from narrow syntax, a diachronic reanalysis at the level of Logical Form is proposed. Synchronically, certain actuality entailments (Bhatt 1999/2006) are observed and a structural analysis capitalizing on Hacquard (2009) is proposed.
FlashCam: A camera concept and design for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA
2011-01-01

G. PUHLHOFER, C. BAUER , A. BILAND , D. FLORIN , C. FOHR , A. GADOLA , R. GREDIG , G. HERMANN , J. HINTON , B. HUBER , C. KALKUHL, J. KASPEREK , E. KENDZIORRA , T. KIHM , J. KOZIOL, A. MANALAYSAY, P.J. RAJDA , T. SCHANZ , S. STEINER , U. STRAUMANN , C. TENZER, P. VOGLER, A. VOLLHARDT, Q. WEITZEL, R. WHITE, K. ZIETARA, FOR THE CTA CONSORTIUM 1 Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany 2 ETH Zurich, Inst. for Particle Physics, Schafmattstr. 20, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland 3 Physik-Institut, Universitat Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland 4 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK 5 Institut fur Astronomie und Astrophysik, Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics, Eberhard-Karls-Universitat, Sand 1, D 72076 Tubingen, Germany 6 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland 7 Jagiellonian University, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Cracow, Poland 8 See http://www.cta-observatory.org/?q=node/342 for full author & affiliation list Gerd.Puehlhofer@astro.uni-tuebingen.de
Magnetic resonance imaging with 21.1 T and pathological correlations -diffuse Lewy body disease
2011-01-01

We investigated fixed basal ganglia specimens, including globus pallidus and putamen, with 21.1-Tesla MRI allowing us to achieve a microscopic level resolution from a patient with pathologically confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and a neurologically normal control case. We acquired T2 and T2 * weighted images that demonstrated diffuse and patchy lower intensities in the basal ganglia compared to control. There are several paramagnetic substances in brain tissue that could potentially reduce both T2 and T2 * relaxation times, including ferritin, iron (Fe3+), manganese, copper and others. Because iron is most abundant, low intensities on T2 and T2 * weighted images most likely reflect iron deposition. Iron, especially Fe3+, deposition was visible in the pathological specimens stained with Prussian blue after images were obtained. Although radiological-pathological comparisons are not straightforward with respect to either the MRI signal or relaxation quantification, there appears to be a correlation between the relative increase in iron as assessed by Prussian blue staining and the decrease in T2 * value between the DLB and control specimens. As such, this exceptionally high field MRI technique may provide details about the role that iron deposition plays either directly or indirectly as a biomarker in neurodegenerative processes.
Continuum Mechanical Model of the Outer Hair Cell
2011-01-01

Knowledge of the mechanical properties of the outer hair cell (OHC) is essential for understanding its electromechanical action. To provide insight into underlying mechanics, we developed a finite‐element‐model of the OHC. The model contains both an intracellular viscous fluid and a homogeneous shell‐like structure for the basolateral wall, including anisotropic viscoelastic material properties. We found that the viscosity of the intracellular fluid could not yield the frequency dependent behaviour of the measured impedance. Shear viscosity needed to be included in the basolateral wall to obtain an adequate representation. The required value of the dynamic viscosity is on the order of 103 mPa⋅s and, therefore, 1000 fold higher than for water. Furthermore, changing the compressibility of the basolateral wall from 106 to 109 Pa suggests that the impedance is not significantly affected by this parameter. Finally, our calculations indicate that up to at least 10 kHz the measured impedances result from passive mechanical properties of the OHC.
Differentiation between disorders of consciousness and disorders of movement using functional MRI
2011-01-01

The differential diagnosis between disorders of consciousness (DoC), on the one hand, and conditions of severe immobility with aphasia, on the other hand, is extremely difficult. A patient is described whose morphology of brain lesions permitted both kinds of disorder. A battery of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examinations was applied indicating that severe DoC was implausible. The following clinical course confirmed this conclusion, resulting in a severe tetraparesis/aphasia, however with clear awareness. The data suggest that fMRI can be very useful in differentiating between severe motor disorders, including a locked-in syndrome, and DoC such as the vegetative state and the minimally conscious state.
Analysis and Design of the Dynamical Stability of Collective Behavior in Crowds.
2011-01-01

The modeling of the dynamics of the collective behavior of multiple characters is a key problem in crowd animation. Collective\\nbehavior can be described by the solutions of large-scale nonlinear dynamical systems that describe the dynamical interaction\\nof locomoting characters with highly nonlinear articulation dynamics. The design of the stability properties of such complex\\nmulti-component systems has been rarely studied in computer animation. We present an approach for the solution of this\\nproblem that is based on Contraction Theory, a novel framework for the analysis of the stability complex nonlinear dynamical\\nsystems. Using a learning-based realtime-capable architecture for the animation of crowds, we demonstrate the application of\\nthis novel approach for the stability design for the groups of characters that interact in various ways. The underlying dynamics\\nspecifies control rules for propagation speed and direction, and for the synchronization of the gait phases. Contraction theory\\nis not only suitable for the derivation of conditions that guarantee global asymptotic stability, but also of minimal convergence\\nrates. Such bounds permit to guarantee the temporal constraints for the order formation in self-organizing interactive crowds.
Autonomic System on Chip Platform.
2011-01-01

CMOS technology downscaling has enabled the integration of more complex algorithms in System-On-Chips (SoCs). Nevertheless, design complexity and deep-submicron related reliability problems are hindering CMOS evolution. Organic Computing is a new research direction addressing these challenges by embedding life-like principles in SoCs. In this article, we present an autonomic SoC (ASoC) platform. It extends the functional SoC components with autonomic elements in order to build a distributed autonomic SoC. We also present how different autonomic components, including a learning classifier based decision system, adapt to changing environments and globally optimise SoC parameters. A simulation based evaluation is then presented.
The Euro Trouble and the Global Financial Crisis
2011-01-01

The problems around the Euro are still far from being set-tled. The trouble started with the rumor around a possible Greek insolvency in early 2010 which triggered a series of meetings of the European Governments. At the end, the principles of the Maastricht treaties were revised in two major points: First, a joint rescue fund, called “European financial stability facility ” (EFSF), was created in order to help member states to refinance themselves at acceptable conditions. In practice this meant that the “no bail-out” principle of the Maastricht treaties was abandoned – at least until the scheduled termination of the program in 2013. Second, the European central bank abandoned her sacred principle of not buying state bonds and intervened in favor of Greece. At that time it had been already clear that Greece would not remain the only country having problems with refinancing its public debt; further candi-
Compact Node-Link Formulations for the Optimal Single-Path MPLS Fact Reroute Layout
2011-01-01

This paper discusses compact node-link formulations for MPLS fast reroute optimal single path layout. We propose mathematical formulations for MPLS fast reroute local protection mechanisms. In fact, we compare one-to-one (also called detour) local protection and many-to-one (also called facility backup) local protection mechanisms with respect to minimized maximum link utilization. The optimal results provided by the node-links are compared with the suboptimal results provided by algorithms based on non-compact linear programming (path generation) approach and IP-based approach.
Salt and Pepper for Point-of-Care Diagnostics
2011-01-01

Currently available Point-Of-Care-Testing (POCT) devices usually suffer from complex test formats and transduction technologies unfavorable for automation. Among optical sensor technologies, the Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy (RIfS) is particularly well suited for generating miniaturized, robust and disposable sensors. RIfS systems are not only suitable for diagnostic applications, but are also a good choice for other areas of life-science analytics including biotechnology, food monitoring and safety engineering. Users take advantage of the direct test format by avoiding laborious sample pre-treatment as well as addition of costly reagents, both being common disadvantages of competing test systems.
A Remark on Localization for Branching Random Walks in Random Environment
2011-01-01

We prove a localization-result for branching random walks in random environment, namely that if the process does not die out, the most populated site will infinitely often contain more than a fixed percentage of the population. This had been proven already before by Hu and Yoshida, but it is possible to drop their assumption that particles may not die.
Accuracy of Noninvasive Estimation Techniques for the State of the Cochlear Amplifier
2011-01-01

Estimation of the function of the cochlea in human is possible only by deduction from indirect measurements, which may be subjective or objective. Therefore, for basic research as well as diagnostic purposes, it is important to develop methods to deduce and analyse error sources of cochlear‐state estimation techniques. Here, we present a model of technical and physiologic error sources contributing to the estimation accuracy of hearing threshold and the state of the cochlear amplifier and deduce from measurements of human that the estimated standard deviation can be considerably below 6 dB. Experimental evidence is drawn from two partly independent objective estimation techniques for the auditory signal chain based on measurements of otoacoustic emissions.
The TGF-β1-Induced Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells is Influenced by Type of Substrate
2011-01-01

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 activates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in fibroblasts.Attachment of these cells to laminin-111 further raises the TGF-β1-induced expression of MMP-3 and MMP-10.Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) attach to a variety of extracellular matrix proteins during development and wound healing.We therefore investigated the TGF-β1-regulated expression of MMPs in MSC upon attachment to laminin-111 and type I collagen.The expression of MMPs was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The TGF-β1 signalling pathways were investigated by immunoblot and by pharmacological blocking of Smad2, MEK/ERK and p38MAPK activities.Overall, TGF-β1 significantly activated the expression of mRNA encoding MMP-3 (p≤0.05),MMP-13 (p≤0.05) and TIMP-1 (p≤0.01) in MSC.Induction of MMP-10 was not significant.In contrast to our observation on fibroblasts, the attachment of MSC to laminin-111 did not affect the TGF-β1-induced expression of MMP-3 and MMP-10.Attachment to type I collagen reduced the TGF-β1-induced secretion of MMP-3 and MMP-10 compared to cells grown on laminin-111 or tissue culture plastic dishes.The expression of MMP-3 was induced by TGF-β1 via Smad2, ERK1/2 and p38MAPK.The expression of MMP-10 was regulated by Smad2 and ERK/1/2, whereas the expression of MMP-13 was shown to be p38 MAPkinase dependent.We conclude that the regulation of MMP-3, MMP-10, and MMP-13 by TGF-β1 proceeds via distinct signalling routes.In contrast to the regulatory pathways in fibroblasts, we could not prove a co-signalling of TGF-β1-and integrin-dependent pathways for the regulation of MMP-3 and MMP-10 in MSC upon attachment to laminin-111.Therefore, MSC respond differently to TGF-β1 and extracellular matrix molecules compared to fibroblasts.
Sports Betting: Brazil
2011-01-01

This book looks at the Law and the Policy on Betting and Sport in many countries around the world—sport is a global phenomenon—providing a very useful and valuable comparative survey on a subject that is so vital for safeguarding and preserving the integrity of those sports in which betting is legally allowed. The country reports show how sports-related betting is organized in the country concerned, also from a historical and policy perspective (national Lotteries Act; state run/state licensed lotteries and/or private operators; how the licensing system for public operators works; state supervisory mechanisms, etc.), and contain a treatment of the national case law.
Interpolation Percolation
2011-01-01

Let be a countably infinite set of real numbers and let be an independent family of stationary random subsets of the real numbers, e.g. homogeneous Poisson point processes. We give criteria for the almost sure existence of various "regular" functions f with the property that for all . Several open questions are posed.
Metastable In4Sn3O12 in Sensor Application
2011-01-01

In 4 Sn 3 O 12 is considered as a high temperature phase of the binary In 2 O 3 -SnO 2 mixture.As shown by Isomäki et al, this specific phase is stable in the temperature region of about 1.600 °C to, depending on the mole fraction, 1.950 °C. [1]Furthermore, this phase can be found throughout almost the whole range of the mole fraction (0,1-~1 SnO 2 )(Graph 1).As a matter of fact, by applying Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) to synthesize this ITO-like metal oxide, these temperatures are reached during combustion of the organometallic precursors.Rapid quenching of the nascent nanocrystalline particles results in the formation of a highly porous layer, solely containing particles of In 4 Sn 3 O 12 , when combusting a solution containing 43 wt% Sn in In 2 O 3 .
Hamiltonian Approach to Yang-Mills Theory in Coulomb Gauge—Revisited
2011-01-01

I briefly review results obtained within the variational Hamiltonian approach\\nto Yang-Mills theory in Coulomb gauge and confront them with recent lattice\\ndata. The variational approach is extended to non-Gaussian wave functionals\\nincluding three- and four-gluon kernels in the exponential of the vacuum wave\\nfunctional and used to calculate the three-gluon vertex. A new functional\\nrenormalization group flow equation for Hamiltonian Yang--Mills theory in\\nCoulomb gauge is solved for the gluon and ghost propagator under the assumption\\nof ghost dominance. The results are compared to those obtained in the\\nvariational approach.\\n
Hamiltonian Dyson-Schwinger and FRG Flow Equations of Yang-Mills Theory in Coulomb Gauge
2011-01-01

A new functional renormalization group equation for Hamiltonian Yang-Mills theory in Coulomb gauge is presented and solved for the static gluon and ghost propagators under the assumption of ghost dominance. The results are compared to those obtained in the variational approach.
Determination of the rCBF in the Amygdala and Rhinal Cortex Using a FAIR-TrueFISP Sequence
2011-01-01

The FAIR-TrueFISP approach is feasible for the quantitative assessment of perfusion in the amygdala. Data are comparable with formerly published data from the literature. The applied technique provided excellent image quality, even for brain regions located at the skull base in the vicinity of marked susceptibility steps.
Application of Laser Microdissection and Quantitative PCR to Assess the Response of Esophageal Cancer to Neoadjuvant Chemo-Radiotherapy
2011-01-01

Tissues are complicated three-dimensional structures, composed of different types of interacting cells. Since the cell population of interest might constitute only a minor fraction of the total tissue volume, the problem of tissue heterogeneity has been a major barrier to the molecular analysis of normal versus diseased tissue. Thus, tissue microdissection represents one of the most promising techniques in molecular pathology offering the link between morphology and genetic analysis since it was established in the early 1970s. These first applications and further developments in the techniques enable preparation of morphologically well described and circumscribed cell populations of either tumor cells or surrounding tissue or even cytology specimens without contamination of unwanted cells. Laser capture microdissection is suitable for the dissection of both paraffin embedded and fresh frozen material. Further applications of the dissected genomic material are isolation of DNA and RNA as described later on followed by PCR or RT-PCR and sequencing.
Fertility Preservation in Young Female Lymphoma Patients: Review of Available Options and Initial Experiences with Their Implementation in Clinical Routine
2011-01-01

Female lymphoma patients have a large demand for counselling about measures to protect fertility. In a proper setting, counselling and intervention can be offered without undue delays menacing the chance for cure.
Geometry and groups for cosmic topology
2011-01-01

The Cosmic Microwave Background is measured by satellite observation with great precision. It offers insight into its origin in early states of the universe. Unexpected low multipole amplitudes of the incoming CMB radiation may be due to a multiply connected topology of cosmic 3‐space. We present and analyze the geometry and homotopy for the family of Platonic spherical 3‐manifolds, provide their harmonic analysis, and formulate topological selection rules.
What Works for Patients in Outpatient Treatment for Alcohol Addiction? An Explorative Study into Clients’ Evaluation of Subjective Factors and Therapy Satisfaction
2011-01-01

This explorative survey investigated clients’ evaluation of therapy elements and other supportive factors within a randomized controlled trial. The treatment of patients with alcohol dependence consisted of pharmacotherapy (acamprosate/naltrexone/placebo) and biweekly medical management (MM). Forty-nine study participants were surveyed with a questionnaire to measure both the patients’ satisfaction with the therapy and the subjective assessment of treatment elements and supportive factors. Study participants were highly satisfied with the treatment. The supportive factors previously identified by Orford et al 1 were confirmed. ‘Pharmacotherapy’ was rated significantly less effective than ‘MM’ and ‘global study attendance’ ( P &lt; 0.001). The significant differences in the evaluation of treatment elements point to a preference for regular low-key contacts rather than for medication. Such contacts based on MM could be a useful intervention in clinical care, and its effectivity should be examined more closely in further research.
Rhetorical topics and TRIZ Progressive methods with unnoticed capacity?
2011-01-01

When it comes to creativity, intuitive methods like brain storming or mind mapping are most likely to be named. These techniques aim at developing many problem solving ideas by supporting the ability to build associations. The contrary concept which searches for only one optimal resolution has gone virtually unnoticed so far. Methods approaching their subject from this angle rely on a combined collection of standardised matrices. They are similar to brainstorming and mind mapping which help to generate innovation, although they differ from these in their target objective. This paper aims at presenting the characteristics of the progressive methods by comparing rhetorical topics with TRIZ.
Influence of Gestational Age, Cesarean Section and Hematocrit on IL-8 Concentrations in Plasma and Detergent-Lysed Whole Blood of Noninfected Newborns
2011-01-01

SUMMARY: BACKGROUND: Sensitivity of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in detecting early-onset bacterial infection (EOBI) is high. A high percentage is bound to nonspecific receptors on erythrocytes which can be determined via cell lysis. We have shown detergent-lysed whole blood (DLWB) IL-8 to be superior to plasma IL-8 in detecting EOBI. METHODS: To evaluate influence of pre- and perinatal factors on plasma and DLWB IL-8 concentrations, IL-8 was determined via ELISA (Immu-lite) in 146 noninfected newborns with risk factors for EOBI at two different time periods: 0-6 (group I) and 24-30 h (group II) after birth. The influence of gender, mode of delivery, gestational age and hematocrit was evaluated. RESULTS: While we found no influence of gender or gestational age, hematocrit was positively correlated with IL-8 plasma concentration (group I: r = 0.33, p < 0.001; group II: r = 0.30, p <0.01). IL-8 plasma concentrations after primary versus secondary cesarean section were lower (p < 0.05). Gestational age was correlated with DLWB IL-8 concentrations (group I: r = 0.46, p < 0.001; group II: r = 0.28, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Plasma IL-8 concentrations were positively correlated with hematocrit, whereas DLWB IL-8 concentrations increased with gestational age. This may be relevant to the interpretation of IL-8 in preterm infants and infants with anemia, polyglobulia or hematolytic diseases.