julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Coleoptera of Brazil: what we knew then and what we know now. Insights from the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil
2024-01-01

ABSTRACT In 2000, Cleide Costa published a paper presenting the state of knowledge of the Neotropical Coleopte ra, with a focus on the Brazilian fauna. Twenty-four years later, thanks to the development of the Coleoptera section of the Taxonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna (CTFB - Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil) through the collaboration of 100 coleopterists from all over the globe, we can build on Costa’s work and present an updated overview of the state of knowledge of the beetles from Brazil. There are currently 35,699 species in 4,958 genera and 116 families known to occur in the country, including representatives of all extant suborders and superfamilies. Our data show that the Brazilian beetle fauna is the richest on the planet, concentrating 9% of the world species diversity, with some estimates accounting to up to 15% of the global total. The most diverse family in numbers of genera is Cerambycidae (1,056 genera), while in number of species it is Chrysomelidae (6,079 species). Conotrachelus Dejean, 1835 (Curculionidae) is the most species-rich genus, with 570 species. The French entomologist Maurice Pic is the author who has contributed the most to the naming of species recorded from Brazil, with 1,794 valid names in 36 families, whereas the Brazilians Ubirajara R. Martins and Maria Helena M. Galileo are the only ones among the top-ten authors to have named species in the 21st century. Currently, approximately 144 new species of Brazilian beetles are described each year, and this average is projected to increase in the next decade to 180 species per year, or about one new Brazilian beetle every two days.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging unravels the pathway of glioma cell death upon hypericin-induced photodynamic therapy
2024-01-01

This study uses fluorescence lifetime imaging and spatially-resolved spectroscopy to explore morphological changes in single glioma cells during hypericin-induced photodynamic therapy, offering insights into the underlying cell death mechanisms.
Conscious Experience of Stimulus Presence and Absence Is Actively Encoded by Neurons in the Crow Brain
2024-01-01

Abstract The emergence of consciousness from brain activity constitutes one of the great riddles in biology. It is commonly assumed that only the conscious perception of the presence of a stimulus elicits neuronal activation to signify a “neural correlate of consciousness,” whereas the subjective experience of the absence of a stimulus is associated with a neuronal resting state. Here, we demonstrate that the two subjective states “stimulus present” and “stimulus absent” are represented by two specialized neuron populations in crows, corvid birds. We recorded single-neuron activity from the nidopallium caudolaterale of crows trained to report the presence or absence of images presented near the visual threshold. Because of the task design, neuronal activity tracking the conscious “present” versus “absent” percept was dissociated from that involved in planning a motor response. Distinct neuron populations signaled the subjective percepts of “present” and “absent” by increases in activation. The response selectivity of these two neuron populations was similar in strength and time course. This suggests a balanced code for subjective “presence” versus “absence” experiences, which might be beneficial when both conscious states need to be maintained active in the service of goal-directed behavior.
Polarized X-Rays Detected from the Anomalous X-Ray Pulsar 1E 2259+586
2024-01-01

Abstract Anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) are believed to be associated with magnetars, which have extremely strong magnetic fields. Recently, with the operation of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), the polarization information of two AXPs and one SGR have been investigated. In this work, we report the observational results of the fourth magnetar, 1E 2259+586, with IXPE, and perform a joint analysis with observations from Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer. We find that the emission from 1E 2259+586 is linearly polarized, with a polarization degree (5.3% ± 1.3%) and a polarization angle −77° ± 7° in the 2–8 keV energy range. Additionally, both the polarization degree and polarization angle exhibit variability with the pulse phase, and there is a hint of anticorrelation between the polarization degree and the flux, which is similar to AXP 1RXS J170849.0-400910. The phase-dependent polarization angle displays a sinusoidal profile and can be well fitted with the rotating vector model, indicating that the magnetic dipole field dominated the magnetic structure of the pulsar, and the variation in the polarization angle was modulated by the pulsar’s rotation.
DPY19L3 promotes vasculogenic mimicry by its C-mannosyltransferase activity
2024-01-01

<i>C</i>-mannosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs intracellularly in the endoplasmic reticulum. In humans, biosynthesis of <i>C</i>-mannosylation in proteins containing thrombospondin type 1 repeat is catalyzed by the DPY19 family; nonetheless, biological functions of protein <i>C</i>-mannosylation are not yet fully understood, especially in tumor progression. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the formation of fluid-conducting channels by highly invasive and genetically deregulated tumor cells, enabling the tumors to form matrix-embedded vasculogenic structures, containing plasma and blood cells to meet the metabolic demands of rapidly growing tumors. In this study, we focused on DPY19L3, a <i>C</i>-mannosyltransferase, and aimed to unravel its role in VM. Knockout of <i>DPY19L3</i> inhibited the formation of VM in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. Re-expression of wild-type DPY19L3 recovered VM formation; however, DPY19L3 isoform2, an enzymatic activity-defect mutant, did not restore it, suggesting that the <i>C</i>-mannosyltransferase activity of DPY19L3 is crucial to its function. Furthermore, the knockdown of <i>DPY19L3</i> in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells hindered its network formation ability. Altogether, our findings suggest that DPY19L3 is required for VM formation and stipulate the relevance of <i>C</i>-mannosylation in oncogenesis.
Mapping the Ambiguous—Intercultural Encounters in Matteo Ricci’s World Map Kunyu Wanguo Quantu
2024-01-01

Abstract This article highlights the complex nature of intercultural cooperation in the early Jesuit Mission in China through the example of the world map Kunyu wanguo quantu—Complete Geographical Map of Ten Thousand Countries (1603), a work most commonly attributed to Matteo Ricci S.J. Based on current research in the fields of the history of cartography as well as translation studies, I argue that the map itself is reflective of a collaborative construction process and can thus be interpreted as a space of encounter. In this space, literal and cultural translation processes between the actors took place and shaped the map as a whole. By zooming in and out of the map and playing with different levels of focus, said translation processes, and the resulting ambiguities, can be detected and analyzed, revealing the collaboration between Ricci and Chinese literati such as Li Zhizao, two authors who held various coinciding and contradicting views and whose power relationship to each other was ambiguous.
Colloidal 2D Mo1−xWxS2 nanosheets: an atomic- to ensemble-level spectroscopic study
2024-01-01

Colloidal 2D Mo 1− x W x S 2 nanosheets are characterized spectroscopically from the atomic- to the ensemble-level. Band gap tuning and spin–orbit coupling-related exciton splitting them viable as application-taylored colloidal transition metal dichalcogenides.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “What resources do high school students activate to link energetic and structural changes in chemical reactions? – A qualitative study”’ by K. S. Taber, Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 2024, 25, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RP00232B
2024-01-01

Our article “What resources do high school students activate to link energetic and structural changes in chemical reactions? – A qualitative study” was recently commented on by Keith Taber. In his comment he focuses on the dominant role of the octet rule in students' reasoning and suggests that students rely on an octet framework. In the first part of this response, Taber's argument about the pervasive inappropriate use of the octet rule is supported by empirical evidence. Re-analysis of the data confirms that students often seem to assume initial atomicity, use anthropomorphic language, and closely associate the octet rule with stability. These points make the octet rule a convenient answer for students to fill the “explanatory vacuum” often left in chemistry education, e.g. for explaining the driving force of reactions. In the second part, we discuss how these observations might be rationalized. Rather than a static misconception perspective, we suggest that student's application of the octet rule can be viewed from a dynamic, resource-oriented view of learning. Three examples are introduced to illustrate the variety in students’ applications of the octet rule. For a better understanding, more detailed research on how students really think and learn about the octet rule and energetics is necessary.
CountARFactuals – Generating Plausible Model-Agnostic Counterfactual Explanations with Adversarial Random Forests
2024-01-01

Abstract Counterfactual explanations elucidate algorithmic decisions by pointing to scenarios that would have led to an alternative, desired outcome. Giving insight into the model’s behavior, they hint users towards possible actions and give grounds for contesting decisions. As a crucial factor in achieving these goals, counterfactuals must be plausible, i.e., describing realistic alternative scenarios within the data manifold. This paper leverages a recently developed generative modeling technique – adversarial random forests (ARFs) – to efficiently generate plausible counterfactuals in a model-agnostic way. ARFs can serve as a plausibility measure or directly generate counterfactual explanations. Our ARF-based approach surpasses the limitations of existing methods that aim to generate plausible counterfactual explanations: It is easy to train and computationally highly efficient, handles continuous and categorical data naturally, and allows integrating additional desiderata such as sparsity in a straightforward manner.
Efficient Robust Schedules (ERS) for Time-Aware Shaping in Time-Sensitive Networking
2024-01-01

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) extends Ethernet bridging with features for deterministic transmission. Periodic streams may be scheduled such that their frames hardly interfere in bridges. Additionally, the Time-Aware Shaper (TAS) can keep egress ports free from other traffic when scheduled traffic arrives. TAS scheduling determines transmission starts of scheduled streams at end stations and configures the TAS in bridges. Most TAS scheduling algorithms disregard jitter and synchronization errors at end stations and bridges, race conditions from simultaneously arriving frames with same egress ports, and hardware-based configuration limits of the TAS. We call the resulting schedules tight schedules (TS). However, all these challenges apply to real hardware bridges. Therefore, we present an algorithm using event times with uncertainty to compute efficient robust schedules (ERS) that respect these constraints. We also propose a repair for existing scheduling approaches and call their output na&#x00EF;ve robust schedules (NRS). We evaluate and compare their bandwidth usage and stream admission with those of TS. ERS are more efficient than NRS, and the performance gap between ERS and TS quantifies the price for robust schedules. Moreover, the presented algorithm for ERS computes significantly faster than four well-known methods for TS, and it can solve larger problem instances.
Full daily re-optimization improves plan quality during online adaptive radiotherapy
2024-01-01

Complete re-optimization maintained target coverage and organs at risk sparing even after large anatomic variations. Re-planning based on daily magnetic resonance imaging was sufficient for small variations, while large variations led to decreasing target coverage and organ-at-risk sparing.
Reimagining Business Ethics as Ethos-Driven Practice: A Deweyan Perspective
2024-01-01

As business ethics is grappling with criticisms of its relevance for ethical practice, it may find perspective and direction in various conceptions of ethos. While ‘ethics’ is rooted in ‘ethos’, a term with a long and rich history of interdisciplinary research, conceptions of ethos are so far scarcely discussed in business ethics. The purpose of this conceptual article is to explore the potential of a pivot towards business ethics as an ethos-driven practice, drawing on John Dewey’s work. First, it introduces four conceptions of ethos from interdisciplinary research and explores their varied resonance in business ethics. Second, it offers a unified conception of ethos that builds on John Dewey’s approach to economics, moral life and ethics, particularly on his understanding of habits and forms of valuation. It is then argued that understanding ethos in terms of ‘valued modes of embedded, embodied and associational conduct’ encourages business ethics to engage in the intelligent, practical and meaningful reconstruction of evolving business practices. The article concludes that an ‘ ethotical turn’ for business ethics would not only invigorate practical, corporeal and environmental perspectives but also open the field to interdisciplinary insights and ideas.
Intensional Harmony as Isomorphism
2024-01-01

In the present paper we discuss a recent suggestion of Schroeder-Heister concerning the possibility of defining an intensional notion of harmony using isomorphism in second-order propositional logic. The latter is not an absolute notion, but its definition is relative to the choice of criteria for identity of proofs. In the paper, it is argued that in order to attain a satisfactory account of harmony, one has to consider a notion of identity stronger than the usual one (based on β- and η-conversions) that the authors have investigated in recent work.
Morphological Diversity of Turtle Hyoid Apparatus is Linked to Feeding Behavior
2024-01-01

Synopsis The hyoid apparatus of tetrapods is highly diverse in its morphology. It plays an important role in feeding, breathing, sound production, and various other behaviors. Among turtles, the diversity of the hyoid apparatus has been recurrently linked to their habitat. The ossification of the hyoid corpus is often the main trait used in correlations with “niche” occupancy, an ossified corpus being associated with aquatic environments and a cartilaginous corpus with terrestrial life. Most studies conducted so far have focused on species belonging to Testudinoidea, the clade that occupies the biggest diversity of habitats (i.e., terrestrial, semi-terrestrial, and aquatic animals), while other turtle lineages have been largely understudied. We assessed the adult anatomy of the hyoid apparatus of 92 turtle species from all “families”, together with ossification sequences from embryological series of 11 species, some described for the first time here. Using nearly 40 different discrete anatomical characters, we discuss the evolutionary patterns and the biological significance of morphological transformations in the turtle hyoid elements. Morphological changes are strongly associated to feeding modes, with several instances of convergent evolution within and outside the Testudines clade, and are not as strongly connected to habitat as previously thought. Some of the hyoid character states we describe are diagnostic of specific turtle clades, thus providing phylogenetically relevant information.
The Right Kind of Family, the Right Kind of Migrant: Welfare and Immigration in Poland Before and After the Populist Turn
2024-01-01

Abstract Right-wing populism in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) uses welfare and migration policies to legitimize its illiberalism. This chapter examines welfare and immigration policies in Poland since 2005, when populists first came to power. The findings are based on 17 expert interviews and document analysis, and challenge the notion of a radical shift between liberal democracy and illiberal populism. In the welfare and immigration domains, illiberal populism is rather a reactionary intensification of prior ideological orientations. In line with the book’s focus on anti-gender and anti-migrant discourses, the chapter identifies bordering practices involved in illiberal populist welfare and migration policies. Deserving welfare subjects are those who can fulfil ‘nationalist familialist’ ideals establishing the heteropatriarchal family as the foundation of the nation. In the migration domain, illiberal populism distinguishes between desirable inflows from former Soviet countries (‘peripherally white’ migration) and unwanted non-white migrants. These insights are pertinent beyond CEE. They highlight how liberal market-oriented social policy lays the groundwork for populist self-positioning as welfare champions supporting the nation’s ‘real’ families. Additionally, the chapter shows that right-wing populism strategically opposes certain migrations while encouraging others.
An Empirical Survey on the Adaption of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Bladder Cancer
2024-01-01

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The aim of the study was to determine the adaption of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland and especially underlying reasons for potential low adherence to guidelines. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We conducted a non-validated survey among 336 urologic departments in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. RedCap questionnaires were electronically distributed and included 23 items concerning the general NAC administration standards and guideline compliance in patient counseling regarding the actual treatment. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The return rate of the questionnaire was 19.1% (63/336). Although 45 departments (71.4%) claim to perform NAC as the standard of care, only 49% of eligible patients actually receive NAC. An advanced disease stage (≥cT3) and a high tumor volume were mentioned to support the application of NAC, whereas 35% of responders worry about deterioration of patients’ preoperative status due to NAC. Furthermore, 26.7% of respondents are concerned about the low extent of survival benefit. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Application of NAC in eligible MIBC patients in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland remains low. Although the majority of urologic departments discuss NAC and acknowledge the need for intensified treatment in advanced disease stages, not all eligible patients will actually receive NAC before radical cystectomy.
Parietal theta burst TMS does not modulate bistable perception
2024-01-01

Abstract The role of the parietal cortex in perceptual awareness and in resolving perceptual ambiguity is unsettled. Early influential transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have revealed differences in conscious perception following parietal stimulation, fuelling the notion that parietal cortex causally contributes to resolving perceptual ambiguity. However, central to this conclusion is the reliability of the method employed. Several prior studies have revealed opposing effects, such as shortening, lengthening, or no effect on multistable perceptual transitions following parietal stimulation. Here we addressed the reliability of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) on parietal cortex on the perception of bistable stimuli. We conducted three cTBS experiments that were matched to prior experiments in terms of stimuli, stimulation protocol, and target site, and used a higher number of participants. None of our cTBS experiments replicated prior cTBS results. The only experiment using individual functional localizers led to weak effects, while the two others led to null results. Individual variability of motor cortex cTBS did not predict parietal cTBS effects. In view of recent reports of highly variable cTBS effects over motor cortex, our results suggest that cTBS is particularly unreliable in modulating bistable perception when applied over parietal cortex.
Patentometric analysis of the technological development of biotechnology for health in higher education institutions in Rio Grande do Sul.
2024-01-01

Biotechnology offers solutions and opportunities to meet various societal demands, thereby contributing to significant scientific advancements. This study aimed to characterize the technological development of biotechnology in the healthcare sector in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2016 to 2022 by analyzing patents filed by and granted to public and private Higher Education institutions. For data collection, a quantitative exploratory approach was employed using statistical methods and a patent analysis of institutions in the patent database of the Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), focusing on patents related to the healthcare field. Data were collected in October, November, and December. A total of 580 patent records were collected from the INPI, belonging to Sections A and C of the International Patent Classification (IPC) related to educational institutions. Furthermore, this study highlighted that higher education institutions have a higher number of patents in the healthcare field. These results provide an understanding of the strategic areas for technological development in biotechnology in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Finding and Developing the 21st Century Scientific Pioneer
2024-01-01

Research on the personality of creative scientists is revisited using the Neo-Socioanalytic model of personality psychology as an organizing framework. Past research shows that creative scientists, largely from the 20th century, were distinguished by high levels of openness to experience, dominance, ambition, intelligence, and low levels of agreeableness. Contradictory findings for environmental influences highlighted the potential importance of both supportive and adverse diversifying experiences. Developmental trends also run contrary to the likelihood of scientific creativity occurring later in life, which is consistent with the life span models of creativity. Based on this review, we highlight much needed updating to the basic science of scientific creativity, including the need to test these findings in populations other than older white men, and the testing of both environmental experiences and individual differences simultaneously. An agenda for identifying and developing the 21st century creative scientist is provided.
Conflicting Masculinities in Christianity: Experiences and Critical Reflections on Gender and Religion
2024-01-01

Abstract The article discusses the challenges arising from an essentialist approach to masculinity as a stable category with a set of given, unchangeable characteristics developed in contrast to femininity. Such a hegemonic view is a stumbling block in the development of more diverse and inclusive environments, to which the Catholic Church contributes by its defense of “traditional” family, the ideal of clerical men or the discrimination of queer living. The text argues for recognition and normalization of diversity, instead of a continuous reproduction of toxic ideals of masculinity. In this sense, conflicting masculinities in church and theology could be a perspective of hope for transformation: Hegemonic masculinity no longer goes unchallenged, not even in Catholic Church.