julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Technological features in the late Middle Paleolithic of the Côte Chalonnaise (Burgundy, France)
2020-01-01

While former typological studies drew a heterogeneous image for the Middle Paleolithic record of the Côte Chalonnaise region in southern Burgundy (France), recent research, re-evaluation of old collections, and comparative analysis from several Middle Paleolithic sites in the area were able to highlight a homogeneous pattern of litho-technological features.The assemblages have been evaluated according to their general composition, the identifiable reduction concepts as well as their bifacial component.The concurrent results allow us to hypothesize a regional site cluster based on Levallois reduction and a common occurrence of Keilmesser (with tranchet blow).In chronological terms, dating attempts on stratified material from Grotte de la Verpillière I and II suggest a late Middle Paleolithic age of the sites around the end of MIS 4 or the beginning of MIS 3. Kivonat A Côte Chalonnaise régió (Burgundia, Franciaország) késő középső paleolitikumának technológiai jellemzőiA korábbi tipológiai vizsgálatok heterogén képet vázoltak fel a dél-burgundiai Côte Chalonnaise régió (Franciaország) középső paleolit leletanyagáról.Az újabb kutatások azonban a kőpattintási technológiai jellemzők homogenitását mutatták ki korábbi gyűjtemények revíziója, illetve középső paleolit lelőhelyek összehasonlító vizsgálata segítségével.A leletanyagokat általános összetételük, azonosított magkőredukciós koncepcióik, illetve a bifaciális darabok alapján értékelték.Az egybehangzó eredmények nyomán, a Levallois redukció és a tranchet blow technikával kialakított, Keilmesser típusú eszközök jelenléte alapján egy regionális megtelepedési csoportot feltételezünk.Az időrendet illetően, a Grotte de la Verpillière I és II rétegzett lelőhelyek datálási kísérletei a késői középső paleolitikumra, a MIS 4 végére vagy a MIS 3 kezdetére datálják ezt a csoportot.
Educational Gender Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Long-term Perspective
2020-01-01

To what extent was the 20th century schooling revolution in sub-Saharan Africa shared equally between men and women? We examine trajectories of educational gender inequality over the 20th century, using census data from 21 African countries and applying a birth-cohort approach. We present three sets of findings. First, compared to other developing regions with similar histories of colonial rule and educational expansion, sub-Saharan Africa performed comparatively poorly in closing educational gender gaps (M-F) and gender ratios (M/F) over the 20th century. Second, in most African countries, the educational gender gap rose during the colonial era, peaked mid-century, and declined, albeit at very different rates, after independence. Southern African countries were remarkably gender equal, both in terms of gaps and ratios. French (former) colonies had smaller gaps but higher ratios than British (former) colonies, which we attribute to slower expansion of male education in the former. Both on the world-region and country-level, the expansion of male education is associated initially with a growing gender gap, and subsequently a decline. We refer to this pattern as the "educational gender Kuznets curve". Third, using data from 6 decadal cohorts across 1,177 African regions, we explore sub-national correlates of educational gender equity. Better connected and urban regions witnessed lower educational gender inequality. In regions with large Christian mission stations in the early 20th century access to education was also less gender unequal, an effect that persisted into the post-colonial period. We also find that during the colonial era, cash crop cultivation was not consistently associated with larger gender gaps, while female farming systems were associated with smaller gaps. The sub-national cross-sectional results confirm the existence of an educational gender Kuznets curve.
Surface Free Energy of a Hard-Disk Fluid at Curved Hard Walls: Theory and Simulation
2020-01-01

In this work, we examine the surface thermodynamics of a hard-disk fluid at curved hard walls using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and a generalized scaled particle theory (gSPT). The curved walls are modeled as hard disks of varying radii, R. The surface free energy, γ, and excess surface volume, vex, for this system are calculated as functions of both the fluid packing fraction and the wall radius. The simulation results are used to test, for this system, the assumptions of morphometric thermodynamics (MT), which predicts that both γ and vex are linear functions of the surface curvature, 1/R, for a two-dimensional system. In addition, we compare the simulation results to the gSPT developed in this work, as well as with virial expansions derived from the known virial coefficients of the binary hard-sphere fluid. At low to intermediate packing fractions, the non-MT terms (terms of higher order than 1/R in a expansion of γ and vex) of γ are zero within the simulation error; however, at the highest densities, deviations from MT become significant, similar to what was seen in our earlier simulation work on the three-dimensional hard-sphere/hard-wall system. In addition, the new gSPT gives improved results for both γ and vex over standard scaled particle theory (SPT) but underestimates the deviations from MT at high density.
Relevanz sprachlicher Kompetenzen im Anästhesistenberuf in Deutschland
2020-01-01

This article aims to show the importance of multilingualism in academic education on the example of video-recorded interview between a foreign anaesthetist and her patient. As follows from the analysis of the transcript, the anaesthetist’s limited knowledge of German impairs her competence to conduct the conversation appropriately. This perspective on the professional context of app. 55.000 foreign doctors currently working in Germany shows the (medical and legal) relevance of mastering the national language in academic professions – especially in cases in which the communication between experts and laymen occurs on a daily basis.
Introduction
2020-01-01

The reception of disaster films has been predominantly shaped by ideology-critical, semiotic, psychoanalytical, and eco-critical approaches that prematurely abstract from the films’ imagery in order to foreground capitalist, chauvinist, and racist discourses, narrative patterns, repressed collective anxieties, and states of crisis of the political mind. In my opinion, these approaches fail to grasp the disaster movie at its receptive core. In contrast, I argue that this core is located within the visuality and sensuality of the films, within their visceral images that agitate the spectator in a sensorily and affectively intense manner, within their ethical and spiritual sides which emerge in reaction to the receptive violation of the viewer, and finally within the complex relations between the films’ elements of attraction and their narrative elements. The predestined means of analytically uncovering these various facets of the reception of disaster cinema is, I believe, the aesthetic category of the sublime.
Multi-objective optimisation of the operation schedule of POWER plants using artificial intelligence
2020-01-01

This study describes a methodology for multi-objective optimisation of the day-ahead operation schedule of power plants. The methodology is aligned to systems with operational flexibility, such as combined heat and power plants and heat pumps that use heat storages. When optimising the operation schedule, the storage is used as a source of flexibility, taking into account the boundary conditions of the system, such as the fulfilment of the heat load and the compliance with minimum running times. As an algorithmic base, the multi-dimensional archive of phenotypic elites (MAP-Elites) optimisation algorithm is used. The optimisation goals considered for multi-objective optimisation are the reduction of plant wear, the minimisation of CO2 emissions in the electricity mix and the maximisation of the revenue on the electricity market.
Starting Points
2020-01-01

The starting point of my historical trajectory (the iconography of the sublime) is the second half of the eighteenth century. This was when the aesthetic appreciation of natural disaster events and the establishment of the sublime as a category of landscape perception became closely intertwined. Mapped out as a dense network of discourses, practices, and cultural phenomena, my analysis of this historical constellation stretches from, among others, seventeenth-century Dutch landscape painting and art academic understandings of the sublime to the Lisbon earthquake of 1755, the Picturesque, and natural scientific discourses to Grand Tour travelers and modern mass tourism.
Erratum: Multicentric Registry Study on Epidemiological and Biological Disease Profile as Well as Clinical Outcome in Patients with Low-Grade Gliomas: The LoG-Glio Project
2020-01-01

Correction to: Multicentric Registry Study on Epidemiological and Biological Disease Profile as Well as Clinical Outcome in Patients with Low-Grade Gliomas: The LoG-Glio ProjectJ Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2020; 81(01): 048-057DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693650
Possible causes of disparities in the risk and outcomes of COVID-19: CMV and aged immune phenotype
2020-01-01

A recent report by Public Health England [1] describes disparities in the risks and outcomes of COVID-19 in England.The largest disparity found was for age (those over 80 years were ×70 more likely to die than those under 40).Deaths in care homes accounted for more than 25% of the COVID-19 deaths.In those of working age, males were twice as likely to die as females.Diagnosis rates and risk of death were also higher in deprived areas and in BAME groups.Death rates were high in healthcare workers and those who interacted with the public.Comorbidities (diabetes; CHD; kidney disease; pulmonary disease; and dementia) were common in those with COVID-19 on the death certificate.Many risk factors reflect exposure rates and/or the impaired functioning of different organ systems.The aim of the present article is to propose another mechanism that can plausibly account for the above disparities.In all virus infections, immune system function will be a crucial factor.One must now ask whether there is a possible immunological mechanism that could account for the risk factors seen with COVID-19.A recent review [2] argues that the previous infection history may be a determinant of risk from COVID-19.Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly prevalent beta-herpes virus that establishes life-long latent infections.Around 30% of young adults in developed countries are infected, increasing to >60% in the elderly.In LMICs, 100% of young adults are seropositive.CMV plays a significant role in "immunosenescence," and it has been estimated that CMV infection accelerates attrition of the naive T cell pool, which is required for generating adaptive immune responses against a novel virus such as SARS-CoV-2, by approximately 20 years [2].Mortality rates from Covid-19 have been shown to be increased in certain ethnic groups and differences in CMV seroprevalence may act as one potential factor in this regard.The rates of CMV seropositivity are very high in populations that have suffered high mortality rates from SARS-CoV-2 such as northern Italy, China, and Spain.The influence of CMV on the long-term health of females has been shown to be less significant than observed in males.CMV is also associated with immune senescence and has been linked to a range of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders that are risk factors for COVID-19.Moreover, in elderly nursing home residents, high CMV-reactive CD4+ T-cells were associated
Ibrāhīm ibn Yaʿqūb aṭ-Ṭurṭūšī in Pavia : The ‘Regisole’ (A Re-reading)
2020-01-01

Ibrāhīm ibn Yaʽqūb aṭ-Ṭurṭūšī (fl.960s) has long been identified as one of the, albeit indirectly used, sources of Ibn ʽAbd al-Munʽim al-Ḥimyarī's geographical dictionary, Kitāb ar-rawḍ al-miʽṭār, compiled in 1461.Al-Ḥimyarī's 'Italian' entries without prejudice to otherspresent textual composites of clearly heterogeneous provenance, from which at times a noticeably factual, detail-rich strand can be descried.
Gut Peptide Agonism in the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes
2020-01-01

Abstract Obesity is a global healthcare challenge that gives rise to devastating diseases such as the metabolic syndrome, type‐2 diabetes (T2D), and a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The escalating prevalence of obesity has led to an increased interest in pharmacological options to counteract excess weight gain. Gastrointestinal hormones such as glucagon, amylin, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are well recognized for influencing food intake and satiety, but the therapeutic potential of these native peptides is overall limited by a short half‐life and an often dose‐dependent appearance of unwanted effects. Recent clinical success of chemically optimized GLP‐1 mimetics with improved pharmacokinetics and sustained action has propelled pharmacological interest in using bioengineered gut hormones to treat obesity and diabetes. In this article, we summarize the basic biology and signaling mechanisms of selected gut peptides and discuss how they regulate systemic energy and glucose metabolism. Subsequently, we focus on the design and evaluation of unimolecular drugs that combine the beneficial effects of selected gut hormones into a single entity to optimize the beneficial impact on systems metabolism. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:99‐124, 2020.
Of mice and men: Speech sound acquisition as discriminative learning from prediction error, not just statistical tracking
2020-01-02

Despite burgeoning evidence that listeners are highly sensitive to statistical distributions of speech cues, the mechanism underlying learning may not be purely statistical tracking. Decades of research in animal learning suggest that learning results from prediction and prediction error. Two artificial language learning experiments test two predictions that distinguish error-driven from purely statistical models; namely, cue competition - specifically, Kamin's (1968) 'blocking' effect (Experiment 1) - and the predictive structure of learning events (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, prior knowledge of an informative cue blocked learning of a second cue. This finding may help explain second language learners' difficulty in acquiring native-level perception of non-native speech cues. In Experiment 2, learning was better with a discriminative (cue-outcome) order compared to a non-discriminative (outcome-cue) order. Experiment 2 suggests that learning speech cues, including reversing effects of blocking, depends on (un)learning from prediction error and depends on the temporal order of auditory cues versus semantic outcomes. Together, these results show that (a) existing knowledge of acoustic cues can block later learning of new cues, and (b) speech sound acquisition depends on the predictive structure of learning events. When feedback from prediction error is available, this drives learners to ignore salient non-discriminative cues and effectively learn to use target cue dimensions. These findings may have considerable implications for the field of speech acquisition.
Preferential Sorption of Tannins at Aluminum Oxide Affects the Electron Exchange Capacities of Dissolved and Sorbed Humic Acid Fractions
2020-01-02

Natural organic matter and humic substances (HS) in soils and sediments participate in numerous biogeochemical processes. Sorption to redox-inert aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) was recently found to affect the redox properties of HS both in sorbed and dissolved state. With this study, we aim to decipher the molecular basis for these observations by applying Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICRMS) and mediated electrochemical analysis to Elliott soil, Pahokee peat, and Suwannee river humic acid (HA) samples before and after sorption to polar Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and a nonpolar sorbent (DAX-8 resin). The FT-ICRMS data provided evidence of preferential sorption of specific HA fractions, primarily tannin-like compounds, to Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. These oxygen-rich compounds bear a high density of redox-active functional groups, and their adsorption leads to a depletion of electron exchange capacity in dissolved HAs and enrichment of HAs adsorbed at Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Sorption of HAs to DAX-8 was less selective and caused only slight changes in electron exchange capacities of dissolved and sorbed HA fractions. By combining FT-ICRMS and electrochemical approaches, our findings suggest that a selective sorption of oxygen-rich compounds in HA fractions to mineral oxides is a decisive factor for the different redox properties of dissolved and sorbed HA fractions.
Novel Loss-of-Function Variants in CDC14A are Associated with Recessive Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Iranian and Pakistani Patients
2020-01-02

CDC14A encodes the Cell Division Cycle 14A protein and has been associated with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (DFNB32), as well as hearing impairment and infertile male syndrome (HIIMS) since 2016. To date, only nine variants have been associated in patients whose initial symptoms included moderate-to-profound hearing impairment. Exome analysis of Iranian and Pakistani probands who both showed bilateral, sensorineural hearing loss revealed a novel splice site variant (c.1421+2T&gt;C, p.?) that disrupts the splice donor site and a novel frameshift variant (c.1041dup, p.Ser348Glnfs*2) in the gene CDC14A, respectively. To evaluate the pathogenicity of both loss-of-function variants, we analyzed the effects of both variants on the RNA-level. The splice variant was characterized using a minigene assay. Altered expression levels due to the c.1041dup variant were assessed using RT-qPCR. In summary, cDNA analysis confirmed that the c.1421+2T&gt;C variant activates a cryptic splice site, resulting in a truncated transcript (c.1414_1421del, p.Val472Leufs*20) and the c.1041dup variant results in a defective transcript that is likely degraded by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The present study functionally characterizes two variants and provides further confirmatory evidence that CDC14A is associated with a rare form of hereditary hearing loss.
Automatic processes in evaluative learning
2020-01-02

This special issue of <i>Cognition and Emotion</i> assembles recent advances in theorising and empirical research on the automaticity of evaluative learning. Based on a taxonomy of automatic processes in evaluative learning, we distinguish between processes that are involved in translating evaluative experiences into evaluative mental representations (acquisition), and processes that translate these representations into evaluative biases in perception, thought, and action (activation and application). We emphasise that automaticity concerns the operating conditions of these processes (unawareness, unintentionality, uncontrollability, efficiency), not their operating principles, and thus can vary within specific processes (e.g. inferences can occur in either an automatic or non-automatic fashion). We review and discuss contemporary theories and methodological approaches to automatic processes in evaluative learning against the backdrop of our framework, and we highlight the contributions of the papers of this special issue to the question whether and when evaluative changes can occur in an automatic manner.
Mixed configurations of tensor-multiscalar solitons and neutron stars
2020-01-02

In the present paper we consider special classes of massive tensor-multi-scalar theories of gravity whose target space metric admits Killing field(s) with a periodic flow. For such tensor-multi-scalar theories we show that there exist mixed configurations of tenor-multi-scalar solitons and relativistic (neutron) stars. The influence of the curvature of the target space on the structure of the mixed configurations is studied for two explicit scalar-tensor theories. The stability of the obtained compact objects is examined and it turns out that the stability region spans to larger central energy densities and central values of the scalar field compared to the pure neutron stars or the pure tensor-multi-scalar solitons.
Complete Genomic Sequence of the Thermophilic and Hydrogenotrophic Methanogen Methanothermobacter sp. Strain KEPCO-1
2020-01-02

Here, we describe the complete genome of Methanothermobacter sp. strain KEPCO-1, a thermophilic and hydrogenotrophic methanogen that was isolated from an anaerobic digester in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The genome of KEPCO-1 shares 96.98% of its sequence with Methanothermobacter marburgensis strain DSM 2133 and consists of 1,741,029 bp, with 1,822 protein-coding genes, 44 noncoding RNAs, and a GC content of 48.47%. The development of this genome will facilitate future genomic studies of KEPCO-1.
Model-based kernel sum rule: kernel Bayesian inference with probabilistic models
2020-01-02

Abstract Kernel Bayesian inference is a principled approach to nonparametric inference in probabilistic graphical models, where probabilistic relationships between variables are learned from data in a nonparametric manner. Various algorithms of kernel Bayesian inference have been developed by combining kernelized basic probabilistic operations such as the kernel sum rule and kernel Bayes’ rule. However, the current framework is fully nonparametric, and it does not allow a user to flexibly combine nonparametric and model-based inferences. This is inefficient when there are good probabilistic models (or simulation models) available for some parts of a graphical model; this is in particular true in scientific fields where “models” are the central topic of study. Our contribution in this paper is to introduce a novel approach, termed the model-based kernel sum rule (Mb-KSR), to combine a probabilistic model and kernel Bayesian inference. By combining the Mb-KSR with the existing kernelized probabilistic rules, one can develop various algorithms for hybrid (i.e., nonparametric and model-based) inferences. As an illustrative example, we consider Bayesian filtering in a state space model, where typically there exists an accurate probabilistic model for the state transition process. We propose a novel filtering method that combines model-based inference for the state transition process and data-driven, nonparametric inference for the observation generating process. We empirically validate our approach with synthetic and real-data experiments, the latter being the problem of vision-based mobile robot localization in robotics, which illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid approach.