julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for endoleak evaluation after endovascular repair of the aorta: a prospective comparison to conventional time-resolved MRA
2024-09-29

Compressed-sensing dynamic GRASP-VIBE sequence, with its superior image quality, diagnostic confidence, and performance, may be preferred over standard TWIST-VIBE sequence in inconclusive endoleak cases.
Measurable residual disease monitoring in AML with FLT3-ITD treated with intensive chemotherapy plus midostaurin
2024-09-30

Abstract Measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITDpos) has been hampered by the broad heterogeneity of ITD mutations. Using our recently developed FLT3-ITD paired-end next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based MRD assay (limit of detection 10−4 to 10−5), we evaluated the prognostic impact of MRD at different time points in 157 patients with FLT3-ITDpos AML who were enrolled in the German-Austrian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Study Group 16-10 trial and who were treated with a combination of intensive chemotherapy and midostaurin, followed by midostaurin maintenance. MRD negativity (MRDneg) after 2 cycles of chemotherapy (Cy2), which was observed in 111 of 142 (78%) patients, was predictive of superior 4-year rates of cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) (4y-CIR; 26% vs 46%; P = .001) and overall survival (OS) (4y-OS; 70% vs 44%; P = .012). This survival advantage was also seen among patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation during first complete remission (4y-CIR, 14% vs 39%; P = .001; 4y-OS, 71% vs 49%; P = .029). Multivariate models for CIR and OS after Cy2 revealed FLT3-ITD MRDneg as the only consistent favorable variable for CIR (hazard ratio [HR], 0.29; P = .006) and OS (HR, 0.39; P = .018). During follow-up, conversion from MRDneg to MRD positivity (MRDpos) was a strong, independent factor for inferior CIR (HR, 16.64; P &amp;lt; .001) and OS (HR, 4.05; P &amp;lt; .001). NGS-based FLT3-ITD MRD monitoring identifies patients at high risk for relapse and death following treatment with intensive chemotherapy and midostaurin. Using NGS-based technology.
Phenyl Radical Activates Molecular Hydrogen Through Protium and Deuterium Tunneling
2024-09-30

Abstract Activating dihydrogen, H 2 , is a challenging endeavor typically achieved using transition metal centers. Pure main‐group compounds capable of this are rare and have emerged in recent decades. These systems rely on synergistic donor‐acceptor interactions with H 2 ’s antibonding σ* and bonding σ orbital. An alternative (hydrocarbon) radical‐mediated activation is problematic because the H−H bond is stronger (104.2 kcal mol −1 ) than most C−H bonds. Here, we explore using the phenyl radical to tackle this, forming benzene with a C−H bond energy (112.9 kcal mol −1 ) that provides a thermodynamic driving force. We mainly observe a benzene‐HI complex upon photolysis of iodobenzene in an H 2 ‐doped neon matrix at 4.4 K despite a barrier of 7.6 kcal mol −1 , while phenyl radical forms in case of the heavier D 2 isotopologue. When D 2 molecules are allowed to diffuse, mono‐deuterated benzene accumulates within hours. Computations using path integral‐based instanton theory highlight that primarily the transferred hydrogen atom is moving during the reaction which greatly increases the tunneling probability. In excellent agreement with the experimental results, we predict significant tunneling rate constants for both isotopologues, H 2 and D 2 , featuring a strong kinetic isotope effect of up to four orders of magnitude at the lowest temperatures.
PfSPZ Vaccine induces focused humoral immune response in HIV positive and negative Tanzanian adults
2024-09-30

This work was supported by the Equatorial Guinea Malaria Vaccine Initiative (EGMVI), the Clinical Trial Platform of the German Center for Infection Research (TTU 03.702), the Swiss Government Excellence Scholarships for Foreign Scholars and Artists (grant 2016.0056) and the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research doctoral program of the Tübingen University Hospital. The funders had no role in design, analysis, or reporting of this study.
Navigating the Social Environment: Linking Motivations, Impressions, and Behaviors Via a Sampling Approach to Trustworthiness
2024-09-30

Our understanding of impression formation comes from experiments constraining participants’ control over information sampling. This limits our understanding of how people sample information when forming impressions as well as the effects of self-generated samples on impressions. Our paradigm allows participants to actively collect information samples. This work investigates how people explore the social environment and how sampled information informs resulting impressions. Four experiments tested theoretically-driven predictions regarding information sampling patterns under interested and disinterested information search. Under interested search, participants truncated the sampling of social targets showing early untrustworthy behavior. Under disinterested search, participants sampled extensively and systematically, avoiding small-sample biases. The sampled information, once obtained, accurately determines final impressions. Moreover, we documented a direct link between sampled information and subsequent behaviors (partner selection in trust games, trustworthiness expectations). By investigating sampling-based trustworthiness impressions, the present research informs the origins of trustworthiness and sampling accounts of judgment and decision-making.
High-Yield Synthesis Route, Post-Synthesis Treatment, and Insights into the Photoluminescence and Magnetic Properties of Tricopper(I) Melaminate Cu3(C3N6H3)
2024-09-30

A novel and more efficient synthesis of Cu<sub>3</sub>(C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>) is presented through a salt-metathesis reaction using copper(I) chloride and sodium hydrogen cyanamide. This synthesis yields a melaminate trianion through the cyclotrimerization of (HNCN)<sup>-</sup> ions, offering an alternative route to the deprotonation of melamine for synthesizing melaminate. The reaction is analyzed via differential thermal analysis. After the unconventional formation of this MOF-like structure by solid-state reaction, this material still requires treatment via solvent exchange and vacuum drying due to the presence of a host molecule inside the channels of the structure. The process and the impact of the treatment of Cu<sub>3</sub>(C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>) on its XRD pattern are thoroughly discussed. Additionally, results from stability, NMR and infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, photoluminescence and magnetic studies are conducted to evaluate their potential as a functional material.
Metal‐Halide–Melem Compounds Based on M6‐, M9‐ and M12‐Clusters
2024-09-30

Abstract M 9 ‐ and M 12 ‐metal clusters appear as face‐sharing double‐clusters in (Pb 9 Br 19 ) 2 (Pb 1.5 Br 2 ) 2 (melem) 3 (6) and as triple‐clusters in (Pb 12 Br 25 ) 4 (Pb 1.67 Br 2 ) 3 (melem) 4 (7) . All compounds are characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, and further validated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and 207 Pb and 79/81 Br NMR studies on (5) . Photoluminescence studies on compound (6) reveal emission at 430 nm while the emission of (5) is completely quenched.
Dissemination and outcome reporting bias in clinical malaria intervention trials: a cross-sectional analysis
2024-09-30

Abstract Background Dissemination and outcome reporting biases are a significant problem in clinical research, with far-reaching implications for both scientific understanding and clinical decision-making. This study investigates the prevalence of dissemination- and outcome reporting biases in registered interventional malaria research. Methods All malaria interventional trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov from 2010 to 2020 were identified. Subsequently, publications that matched the registration were searched. The primary outcome measures were the percentage of registered studies that resulted in subsequent publication of study results, the concordance between registered outcomes, and reported outcomes. Secondary outcomes were compliance with WHO standards for timely publication (issued in 2017) of summary study results in the respective trial registry (within 12 months of study completion) or peer-reviewed publication (within 24 months of study completion) was evaluated. Results A total of 579 trials were identified on ClinicalTrials.gov, of which 544 met the inclusion criteria. Notably, almost 36.6% of these trials (199/544) were registered retrospectively, with 129 (23.7%) registered after the first patient enrolment and 70 (12.9%) following study completion. Publications were identified for 351 out of 544 registered trials (64.5%), involving 1,526,081 study participants. Conversely, publications were not found for 193 of the 544 registrations (35.5%), which aimed to enrol 417,922 study participants. Among these 544 registrations, 444 (81.6%) did not meet the WHO standard to post summary results within 12 months of primary study completion (the last visit of the last subject for collection of data on the primary outcome), while 386 out of 544 registrations (71.0%) failed to publish their results in a peer-reviewed journal within 24 months of primary study completion. Discrepancies were noted in the reported primary outcomes compared to the registered primary outcomes in 47.6% (222/466) of the published trials, and an even higher discordance rate of 73.2% (341/466 publications) for secondary outcomes. Conclusions Non-dissemination remains a significant issue in interventional malaria research, with most trials failing to meet WHO standards for timely dissemination of summary results and peer-reviewed journal publications. Additionally, outcome reporting bias is highly prevalent across malaria publications. To address these challenges, it is crucial to implement strategies that enhance the timely reporting of research findings and reduce both non-dissemination and outcome reporting bias.
Plain language summary of isatuximab plus carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for the treatment of people with high-risk newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
2024-09-30

WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT? This is a summary of a publication about the GMMG-CONCEPT study that was published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in September 2023. The study tested if a combination of cancer drugs (isatuximab plus carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone, or Isa-KRd for short) was a safe treatment for people with highrisk newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. The GMMG-CONCEPT study included participants who had not been treated before and were eligible to receive a procedure called autologous stem cell transplant, as well as participants who were not eligible to receive transplants. HOW WAS THE STUDY IN THIS SUMMARY CONDUCTED? This report looked at a total of 125 participants; 99 were transplant-eligible and 26 were transplant-non-eligible. All participants were treated with Isa-KRd. The researchers measured the proportion of people who had ‘no detectable levels’ of myeloma cells in their body left while on treatment (called minimal residual disease negativity, or MRD negativity for short). The researchers measured the progression-free survival, or the average length of time it took between the participants joining the study until their cancer got worse or they died. The researchers also measured overall survival, which is the total amount of time people lived during the study, even if their cancer got worse. The researchers also monitored for side effects of Isa-KRd in all participants that received at least one treatment. WHAT WERE THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY? At the end of the consolidation therapy (intensified therapy that happens after initial therapy), MRD negativity was observed in the majority of transplant-eligible and transplant non-eligible patients. For many patients, this effect lasted 6 or more months. After more than 3 years in transplant eligible participants and 2 years and 9 months for transplant non-eligible participants, most participants were alive and their disease did not get worse. In both groups, the most common side effects of Isa-KRd treatment were low blood cell counts and infections. Overall, most of the side effects did not last long or were easily treated. WHAT WERE THE MAIN CONCLUSIONS REPORTED BY THE RESEARCHERS? In the GMMG-CONCEPT study, Isa-KRd treatment reduced the number of myeloma cells to no detectable levels in more than two thirds of the participants with high-risk newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03104842 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Investigation of the influence of 45-minute pre-sleep social media use on sleep quality and memory consolidation in adolescents
2024-09-30

Adolescents devote a significant portion of their time to smartphone usage, often engaging in social media activities. Social media use has previously been linked to diminished sleep quality and reduced sleep durations in correlational studies. In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate the influence of pre-sleep social media use on memory consolidation, subjective arousal and objectively assessed sleep quality in adolescents. We compared the social media condition to two reading conditions, one involving reading a book on a smartphone and the other reading from a physical book in a within-subjects design. Twenty participants between 12 and 14 years engaged in these activities for 45 min before bedtime. Contrary to our expectations, the results indicated that pre-sleep social media use did not have a discernible impact on sleep quality, pre-sleep arousal or memory consolidation. All assessed sleep measures remained consistent across the three conditions. Subjectively, the social media condition was rated less thrilling than the reading conditions. This suggests that, within the confines of this experiment, pre-sleep social media exposure did not significantly disrupt adolescents' sleep or their ability to consolidate memories during sleep. This deviation from previous correlational studies might be explained by a possible impact of mental health factors on media consumption and sleep or the fact that contrary to their daily routines participants had to sleep after our intervention and could not continue to engage in their activities. This highlights the need for further investigations into the complexities of this interaction.
Brain Function, Learning, and Role of Feedback in Complete Paralysis
2024-09-30

The determinants and driving forces of communication abilities in the locked-in state are poorly understood so far. Results from an experimental–clinical study on a completely paralyzed person involved in communication sessions after the implantation of a microelectrode array were retrospectively analyzed. The aim was to focus on the prerequisites and determinants for learning to control a brain–computer interface for communication in paralysis. A comparative examination of the communication results with the current literature was carried out in light of an ideomotor theory of thinking. We speculate that novel skill learning took place and that several aspects of the wording of sentences during the communication sessions reflect preserved cognitive and conscious processing. We also present some speculations on the operant learning procedure used for communication, which argues for the reformulation of the previously postulated hypothesis of the extinction of response planning and goal-directed ideas in the completely locked-in state. We highlight the importance of feedback and reinforcement in the thought–action–consequence associative chain necessary to maintain purposeful communication. Finally, we underline the necessity to consider the psychosocial context of patients and the duration of complete immobilization as determinants of the ‘extinction of thinking’ theory and to identify the actual barriers preventing communication in these patients.
Unlocking the Potential: Exploring the Emerging Subgenre of Interactive Baby Books
2024-09-30

Baby books that incorporate textures, movable components, or sound effects have increased in popularity in recent years. I refer to these books as “interactive baby books”. The purpose of this article is to define and characterise this emerging subgenre designed for babies, emphasising their role in supporting cognitive development in young children. To achieve this, my study will first explore the mechanisms used in these books to engage the reader, establishing a taxonomy of interactive baby books. It will then examine how these mechanisms can stimulate cognitive engagement, highlighting the interaction between the book and the reader as a means of generating knowledge. Finally, criteria will be proposed to describe the interactive potential of baby books, providing insight into the design of this book type.
Signatures of criticality in efficient coding networks
2024-10-01

The critical brain hypothesis states that the brain can benefit from operating close to a second-order phase transition. While it has been shown that several computational aspects of sensory processing (e.g., sensitivity to input) can be optimal in this regime, it is still unclear whether these computational benefits of criticality can be leveraged by neural systems performing behaviorally relevant computations. To address this question, we investigate signatures of criticality in networks optimized to perform efficient coding. We consider a spike-coding network of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with synaptic transmission delays. Previously, it was shown that the performance of such networks varies nonmonotonically with the noise amplitude. Interestingly, we find that in the vicinity of the optimal noise level for efficient coding, the network dynamics exhibit some signatures of criticality, namely, scale-free dynamics of the spiking and the presence of crackling noise relation. Our work suggests that two influential, and previously disparate theories of neural processing optimization (efficient coding and criticality) may be intimately related.
Deciphering the Intricate Control of Minerals on Deep Soil Carbon Stability and Persistence in Alaskan Permafrost
2024-10-01

ABSTRACT Understanding the fate of organic carbon in thawed permafrost is crucial for predicting climate feedback. While minerals and microbial necromass are known to play crucial roles in the long‐term stability of organic carbon in subsoils, their exact influence on carbon persistence in Arctic permafrost remains uncertain. Our study, combining radiocarbon dating and biomarker analyses, showed that soil organic carbon in Alaskan permafrost had millennial‐scale radiocarbon ages and contained only 10%–15% microbial necromass carbon, significantly lower than the global average of ~30%–60%. This ancient carbon exhibited a weak correlation with reactive minerals but a stronger correlation with mineral weathering (reactive iron to total iron ratio). Peroxidase activity displayed a high correlation coefficient ( p &lt; 10 −6 ) with Δ 14 C and δ 13 C, indicating its strong predictive power for carbon persistence. Further, a positive correlation between peroxidase activity and polysaccharides indicates that increased peroxidase activity may promote the protection of plant residues, potentially by fostering the formation of mineral‐organic associations. This protective role of mineral surfaces on biopolymers was further supported by examining 1451 synchrotron radiation infrared spectra from soil aggregates, which revealed a strong correlation between mineral OH groups and organic functional groups at the submicron scale. An incubation experiment revealed that increased moisture contents, particularly within the 0%–40% range, significantly elevated peroxidase activity, suggesting that ancient carbon in permafrost soils is vulnerable to moisture‐induced destabilization. Collectively, this study offers mechanistic insights into the persistence of carbon in thawed permafrost soils, essential for refining permafrost carbon‐climate feedbacks.
Acidophilic sulphate‐reducing bacteria: Diversity , ecophysiology, and applications
2024-10-01

Abstract Acidophilic sulphate‐reducing bacteria (aSRB) are widespread anaerobic microorganisms that perform dissimilatory sulphate reduction and have key adaptations to tolerate acidic environments (pH &lt;5.0), such as proton impermeability and Donnan potential. This diverse prokaryotic group is of interest from physiological, ecological, and applicational viewpoints. In this review, we summarize the interactions between aSRB and other microbial guilds, such as syntrophy, and their roles in the biogeochemical cycling of sulphur, iron, carbon, and other elements. We discuss the biotechnological applications of aSRB in treating acid mine drainage (AMD, pH &lt;3), focusing on their ability to produce biogenic sulphide and precipitate metals, particularly in the context of utilizing microbial consortia instead of pure isolates. Metal sulphide nanoparticles recovered after AMD treatment have multiple potential technological uses, including in electronics and biomedicine, contributing to a cost‐effective circular economy. The products of aSRB metabolisms, such as biominerals and isotopes, could also serve as biosignatures to understand ancient and extant microbial life in the universe. Overall, aSRB are active components of the sulphur and carbon cycles under acidic conditions, with potential natural and technological implications for the world around us.
The genetic landscape of basal ganglia and implications for common brain disorders
2024-10-01

Abstract The basal ganglia are subcortical brain structures involved in motor control, cognition, and emotion regulation. We conducted univariate and multivariate genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) to explore the genetic architecture of basal ganglia volumes using brain scans obtained from 34,794 Europeans with replication in 4,808 white and generalization in 5,220 non-white Europeans. Our multivariate GWAS identified 72 genetic loci associated with basal ganglia volumes with a replication rate of 55.6% at P &lt; 0.05 and 87.5% showed the same direction, revealing a distributed genetic architecture across basal ganglia structures. Of these, 50 loci were novel, including exonic regions of APOE , NBR1 and HLAA . We examined the genetic overlap between basal ganglia volumes and several neurological and psychiatric disorders. The strongest genetic overlap was between basal ganglia and Parkinson’s disease, as supported by robust LD-score regression-based genetic correlations. Mendelian randomization indicated genetic liability to larger striatal volume as potentially causal for Parkinson’s disease, in addition to a suggestive causal effect of greater genetic liability to Alzheimer’s disease on smaller accumbens. Functional analyses implicated neurogenesis, neuron differentiation and development in basal ganglia volumes. These results enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture and molecular associations of basal ganglia structure and their role in brain disorders.