julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Are pharmacological considerations of relevance in hormone replacement therapy for prevention of chronic disease?
2003-01-01

Up to now only two placebo-controlled intervention studies exist which evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on clinical endpoints using sufficient sample sizes. The negative outcomes of these studies such as increased cardiovascular and breast cancer risk led to extrapolations onto the complete therapeutic HRT field. This is unscientific considering pharmacological issues. In both studies only one HRT preparation was tested, conjugated equine oestrogens (CEE) combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), using one fixed dosage combination. CEE is a variable mixture containing over 200 chemical substances, at least 10 oestrogen components and steroids with progestogen or androgen properties. Since all menopausal symptoms are caused by oestradiol deficiency it seems reasonable to replace the human oestrogen which is pharmacologically by no means comparable with the biological extract CEE. Concerning the combination with a progestogen negative cardiovascular effects are of importance and might be more predominant with MPA than with other progestogens. In addition low-dose HRT regimens should be tested, whereby transdermal application forms of both oestrogens and progestogens seem of special advantage.
Reply
2003-01-01

Letters| January 29 2004 Reply Subject Area: Dermatology , Immunology and Allergy Andreas Blum; Andreas Blum Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Jürgen Bauer Jürgen Bauer Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Dermatology (2003) 207 (4): 429. https://doi.org/10.1159/000074138 Article history Published Online: January 29 2004 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Andreas Blum, Jürgen Bauer; Reply. Dermatology 1 July 2003; 207 (4): 429. https://doi.org/10.1159/000074138 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsDermatology Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 2004Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Confocal device and application strategies for endoluminal optical coherence microscopy
2003-01-01

While endoscopic optical coherence tomography has been established successfully in vivo, implementation of endoluminal optical coherence microscopy remains demanding, as a suitable confocal probe is lacking. A minia-turized confocal laser scanning microscope is presented, which fulfills the requirements for endoluminal optical coherence microscopy. First, imaging experience gained for optical coherence microscopy of animal gastrointestinal tissue samples is described. For this purpose, a laboratory scale optical coherence microscope with an image acquisition time of 1 min 30 s was employed. Cellular membranes can be identified throughout the gastrointestinal organs. Frequency domain image analysis can be used to distinguish columnar from squamous epithelium. Profilometric information on sample surfaces can be obtained directly as isophase lines. Second, the miniaturized confocal laser scanning microscope is characterized. Having an effective diameter of 25 mm, it houses a single-mode optical fiber, a scanning mirror and an objective lens. The micro-electro-mechanical mirror with a gimballed suspension allows two dimensional scanning without introducing an optical path difference. The sinusoidal movement of both axes has to be considered to approximate cartesian image coordinates. Field geometry is illustrated as a function of excitation amplitude and frequency. Acceptable image quality is achieved for a frame rate of 0.5 Hz. A strategy to position the focal plane axially within the sample volume is discussed.
A laser-scanning endoscope based on polysilicon micromachined mirrors with enhanced attributes
2003-01-01

A miniaturized laser scanning endoscope is presented which makes use of three lasers to illuminate a sample with a red, a green and a blue wavelength simultaneously. Scattered light from the sample is descanned and chromatically separated into the three channels for detection and postprocessing to compose a color image. The scanning subsystem consists of two micro-electro-mechanical mirrors suitable for mass production. The endoscope head can be assembled fast and at low cost. A resolution of the order of 16 lines per mm is achieved for a working distance common in endoscopy. Considerations of the system design include the operation of the mico mirrors, the filtering of reflected light by using polarization effects and a strategy to cope with color metamery. An expert system based on a neural network was found able to analyze endoscopic images to identify suspicious lesions.
Stratified NLTE Model Atmospheres for Hot Stars
2003-01-01

In most stellar atmosphere models, a homogeneous chemical composition is assumed, which is a good approximation for many stars. With the absence of convection and mass–loss, however, gravitational settling can produce a chemical stratification gradient. Typical examples are white dwarfs. In hot stars this diffusion process is modified by the radiative acceleration, resulting in levitation of ions with large radiative cross sections. The status of our program for self-consistent stratified non-LTE model atmospheres is presented.
PG 1605+072 in Wet XCov22: Support for the Multi Site Spectroscopic Telescope
2003-01-01

Abstract The Multi-site spectroscopic telescope is a virtual instrument and the name of a collaboration that opens up a new observational window by combining continuous observations of spectroscopic variations and simultaneous photometric monitoring. This constitutes an enormous observational effort, but in return promises to finally provide access to a mode identification for and an asteroseismological analysis of the pulsating sdB star PG 1605+072. Multi-Site Spectroscopic Telescope observations for this object have been secured during a large coordinated campaign in May and June of the year 2002. The frequency resolution and coverage of the photometric time series has been noticeably enhanced by a significant contribution from the Whole Earth Telescope, which was used to observe PG 1605+072 as an alternate target during the WET XCov22 campaign, also conducted in May 2002. This paper briefly outlines the motivation for the MSST project and tries to give a first assessment of the overall quality of the data obtained, with a focus on the Whole Earth Telescope observations.
Analysis of Ultraviolet Absorption Lines in NGC 6543 and NGC 6826
2003-01-01

During the ORFEUS-SPAS II mission (November 19th - December 7th 1996, aboard the space shuttle Columbia ), the elliptical planetary nebulae NGC 6543 and NGC 6826 have been studied with the Echelle spectrometer. The instrumental wavelength range and resolution are 900Å - 1400Å and 0.1Å, respectively ( R = 10000), which provides detailed information about emission and absorption lines which are inaccessible for ground-based observations. We present a new analysis of the absorption lines imposed on the spectra of the central stars.
Multilevel logic synthesis based on functional decision diagrams
2003-01-02

The authors introduce an efficient data structure for Boolean function representation and present a new algorithm for the synthesis of multilevel logic. Other algorithms represent Boolean functions in the operational domain using Sum-of-Products representations. The authors prefer the synthesis in the functional domain using the less complex Reed-Muller Expansion. The algorithm bases on a new efficient representation, the so-called functional decision diagrams, which are herewith presented. The authors implemented this algorithm, the results are encouraging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A method for hardware software partitioning
2003-01-02

The authors present a method for partitioning a problem specification into hardware and a software implementation. A partitioning approach can be supported by the use of a specification language that permits considering several partitioning possibilities for the problem as well as analyzing different implementation alternatives of each part of the problem. These requirements are fulfilled in the approach by the use of UNITY as the specification language. The approach presented consists of classification of statements, a clustering algorithm, and cluster allocation, as well as cost and constraint analysis. The method is explained with an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Experiments with Virtual C Threads
2003-01-02

Virtual C Threads is a user-level threads system built transparently on top of C Threads. Its goal is to insulate the application from much of the implementation differences and limitations in C Threads systems and to make multithreading of large codes practical. The number of available threads is virtually unlimited, and at the same time there is a significant reduction in the number of C thread context switches through lazy evaluation of virtual threads. They evaluate Virtual C Threads from an application point of view. They measure its performance on parallel symbolic algebra codes and suggest an application programming style that requires little tuning and thus makes multithreading easy and efficient.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
FDD based technology mapping for FPGA
2003-01-02

Functional decision diagrams (FDD) are shown to be a very efficient alternative to binary decision diagrams (BDD). FDDs are a representation in the functional domain, since they are based on the Reed-Muller Expansion and not on the sum-of-products form, which is suited to the operational domain. This paper introduces a technology mapping algorithm based on the FDDs and performing a direct mapping to look-up table FPGA. One can keep the main property of FDDs-their compactness-to obtain good results in very short CPU times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimizing structural recursion in functional programs
2003-01-02

An optimization technique for the implementation of functional languages with eager evaluation is described. Recursion is compiled into a variant of the Schorr-Waite algorithm that is faster and uses less stack space than a standard runtime stack implementation. Analysis techniques are provided to determine the safety of the optimization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular Engineering of Peripherally And Axially Modified Phthalocyanines for Optical Limiting and Nonlinear Optics
2003-01-03

Abstract Phthalocyanines have remarkable chemical and thermal stability and offer tremendous architectural flexibility in their structure, facilitating the tailoring of physical, optoelectronic, and chemical parameters. In this paper, we summarize experimental measurements of nonlinear optical absorption in a comprehensive representative series of modified phthalocyanines substituted with various central metals and peripheral functional groups. Rate equations are used to analytically solve the static‐state conditions that simulate the excited‐state dynamics that result from the nonlinear excited‐state absorption, and this solution is fitted to the experimental data. General molecular engineering trends relating the optical limiting performance of these compounds to their structural characteristics are also explored and discussed.
Microwave surface impedance of MgB2thin film
2003-01-03

The microwave surface impedance Zs = Rs + jωμ0λ was measured with dielectric resonator techniques for two c-axis-oriented MgB2 thin films. The temperature dependence of the penetration depth λ measured with a sapphire resonator at 17.93 GHz can be well fitted from 5 K close to Tc by the standard BCS integral expression assuming the reduced energy gap Δ(0)/kTc to be as low as 1.13 and 1.03 for the two samples. From these fits the penetration depth at zero temperatures was determined to be 102 nm and 107 nm, respectively. The results clearly indicate the s-wave nature of the order parameter. The temperature dependence of surface resistance Rs, measured with a rutile dielectric resonator, shows an exponential behaviour below about Tc/2 with a reduced energy gap being consistent with the one determined from the λ data. The Rs value at 4.2 K was found to be as low as 19 μΩ at 7.2 GHz, which is comparable with that of a high-quality high-temperature thin film of YBa2Cu3O7. A higher-order mode at 17.9 GHz was employed to determine the frequency f dependence of Rs ∝ fn(T). Our results revealed a decrease of n with increasing temperature ranging from n = 2 below 8 K to n = 1 from 13 to 34 K.
On biologically conformal boost dose optimization
2003-01-07

A method is described that allows the inclusion of biological imaging data in the optimization of intensity-modulated radiotherapy to produce dose boosts that conform with target subvolumes of potentially reduced radiosensitivity. The biological image (e.g. PET, fMRI, etc) is transformed into a dose efficiency distribution using a piecewise linear calibration function with a prescribed maximum boost factor. Instead of dose alone, the cost function of the optimization algorithm depends on the product of the physical dose times dose efficiency. An example case of a base-of-tongue tumour which was imaged with the hypoxia tracer fluoro-misonidazole is presented, showing the excellent capability of IMRT to produce dose distributions that conform to spatially variable dose prescriptions.
A prospective study of minimally invasive techniques in pediatric surgical oncology: preliminary report
2003-01-08

Abstract Background Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic techniques play a major role in pediatric surgery. However, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has not yet established itself in pediatric surgical oncology. The authors present a prospective study investigating the role of MIS in children with cancer. Procedure All children with abdominal or thoracic tumors requiring surgery were registered between September, 2000 and February, 2002. Decisions regarding procedures and approaches—conventional or minimally invasive—were made by the interdisciplinary team. Data on diagnoses, surgical procedures, complications, and conversion rates were registered prospectively. Results Seventy‐four patients received 78 operations, 21 (26.9%) of the 78 operations were minimally invasive. Seven of 16 tumor biopsies (43.8%) and 9 of 57 tumor resections (15.8%) were performed using MIS, which was also exclusively used for diagnostic interventions. Conversions to standard techniques only occurred in 5 of 9 tumor resections. No major complications were encountered in the MIS group. Conclusions MIS was practical in every fourth patient in our experience so far. It proved to be an excellent approach in diagnostic interventions and tumor biopsies, whereas efficacy is limited in tumor resections. Further factors (tumor recurrence, trocar site recurrence, tumor growth, and dissemination after CO 2 insufflation) have to be evaluated. Our data encourage the continuation of the study. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;40:155–157. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microsatellite loci for the eusocialLasioglossum malachurumand other sweat bees (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)
2003-01-08

Abstract Sweat bees (family Halictidae) comprise a numerous and diverse group that are arguably among the most socially labile of all insect taxa. Given the lack of highly variable markers for eusocial species of the family, we developed a suite of dinucleotide and trinucleotide markers for one of its members, the Eurasian Lasioglossum malachurum , and used them to amplify DNA from other halictids. Loci were highly variable in L. malachurum and amplified DNA from many other halictids.
New features of collective motion of intrinsic degrees of freedom: Toward a possible way to classify the intrinsic states
2003-01-09

Three exactly solvable Hamiltonians of complex structure are studied in the framework of a semi-classical approach. The quantized trajectories for intrinsic coordinates correspond to energies which may be classified in collective bands. For two of the chosen Hamiltonians the symmetry SU2xSU2 is the appropriate one to classify the eigenvalues in the laboratory frame. Connections of results presented here with the molecular spectrum and Moszkowski model are pointed out. The present approach suggests that the intrinsic states, which in standard formalisms are heading rotational bands, are forming themselves "rotational" bands, the rotations being performed in a fictious boson space.
Glutathione Pathways in the Brain
2003-01-10

The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) is essential for the cellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species in brain cells. A compromised GSH system in the brain has been connected with the oxidative stress occuring in neurological diseases. Recent data demonstrate that besides intracellular functions GSH has also important extracellular functions in brain. In this respect astrocytes appear to play a key role in the GSH metabolism of the brain, since astroglial GSH export is essential for providing GSH precursors to neurons. Of the different brain cell types studied in vitro only astrocytes release substantial amounts of GSH. In addition, during oxidative stress astrocytes efficiently export glutathione disulfide (GSSG). The multidrug resistance protein 1 participates in both the export of GSH and GSSG from astrocytes. This review focuses on recent results on the export of GSH and GSSG from brain cells as well as on the functions of extracellular GSH in the brain. In addition, implications of disturbed GSH pathways in brain for neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed.
Injectors and Radicals in Products of Totally Permutable Groups
2003-01-12

Abstract Two subgroups H and K of a group G are said to be totally permutable if every subgroup of H permutes with every subgroup of K. In this paper the behaviour of radicals and injectors associated to Fitting classes in a product of pairwise totally permutable finite groups is studied. Key Words: Finite groupsProducts of subgroupsFitting classesInjectorsRadicals Acknowledgment The second and third authors have been supported by Proyecto BFM2001-1667-C03-03, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología and FEDER, Spain.
Antifungal Drug Resistance
2003-01-15

The increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections is the result of many factors, including an increasing number of patients with severe immunosuppression. Although new drugs have been introduced to combat this problem, the development of resistance to antifungal drugs has become increasingly apparent, especially in patients who require long-term treatment or who are receiving antifungal prophylaxis, and there is growing awareness of shifts of flora to more-resistant species. The frequency, interpretation, and, in particular, mechanism of resistance to current classes of antifungal agents, particularly the azoles (where resistance has climbed most prominently) are discussed in this review.
Induction of myeloma-specific cytotoxic T cells using dendritic cells transfected with tumor-derived RNA
2003-01-15

Abstract Current immunotherapeutic trials for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) focus on the idiotype (Id) as a tumor-specific antigen for active immunization. To bypass the need for the identification of shared MM-associated antigens and the characterization of possible immunogenic T-cell epitopes in a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type–restricted manner, we focused on myeloma RNA transfection of dendritic cells (DCs). Total RNA encodes the whole antigen content of tumor cells, therefore allowing the transfected DCs to process and present the most relevant peptides and to induce a possible polyclonal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against different immunogenic antigens. We transfected monocyte-derived DCs with total RNA from the myeloma cell lines LP-1 and U266 by electroporation and investigated the potential of these DCs to induce myeloma-specific CTLs. We show that RNA-transfected DCs induce CTLs that lyse the LP-1 and U266 myeloma cells in an antigen-specific and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I–restricted manner, as demonstrated by cold-target inhibition and antibody-blocking studies. Interestingly, LP-1–specific CTLs showed no specificity for the idiotype. Consistent with studies demonstrating mucin 1 (MUC1) as a myeloma-associated antigen, we found MUC1 specificity of the CTLs induced with U266-derived RNA. As corresponding epitopes, we tested the described peptides M1.1 and M1.2 and found a striking fine specificity for M1.2, assuming a possible immunodominance of this peptide. This is the first report on the induction of myeloma-specific CTLs by RNA transfection of DCs.