julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
BALANCE TRAINING VERSUS STRENGTH TRAINING IN ELDERLY PEOPLE
2002-05-01

For prevention of falls in old people strength in knee extensors and flexors is of importance. Few studies showed a gain in strength after strength training and successive prevention of falls. The role of balance alone has not been studied before. Out of 14 men and women aged 80 years, 7 agreed to participate in a strength and 7 in a balance training for a period of 8 weeks twice a week for 30 û 45 minutes each. Before and after training the dynamic balance was measured by a tandem walk on a 2 m long and 5 cm wide line, a functional reach test and the extensor and flexor isometric strength on an isokinetic system at 60° and 30°. The compliance was 100%. The number of mistakes in the tandem walk was reduced from 9.6 to 4.2 in the balance group and from 8.6 to 7.5 in the strength group. Functional reach improved from 26.6 to 30.2 cm and reduced from 27.1 to 26.5 cm respectively. Isometric strength for the extensors gained 20.5 Nm right, 28.6 Nm left in the balance and 24.3 Nm right and 26.7 Nm left in the strength group, for the flexors the gain amounted to 15.2 right, 17.1 Nm left and 12.8 right and 14.2 Nm left for the strength group. Balance training led to a similar gain in strength for the extensors and flexors and is more appropriate than strength training in the view of additional gain in balance for prevention of falls.
Protein kinase C-ζ phosphorylates serine/threonine residues at the C-terminal binding motif of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 of insulin receptor substrate 1
2002-05-01

The phosphorylation of serine-/threonine-residues of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) by protein kinase C-ζ (PKC-ζ), which leads to an increased tyrosine dephosphorylation of IRS-1, has been recently identified as a novel hyperinsulinemia-induced negative feed-back regulation of the insulin signalling pathway. To identify the underlying molecular mechanism, we investigated the serine-/threonine-residues in IRS-1 phosphorylated by PKC-ζ. Because the activity of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, which dephosphorylates IRS-1, is regulated by the binding to the C-terminal part of IRS-1 (IRS-1c) this region was studied. In the in vitro assay the atypical PKC ζ phosphorylates IRS-1c comparable to PKC-θ and -β1, whereas PKC-β2 showed lower and PKC-i and PKC-α showed negligible phosphorylation. We observed one major 32P-motif labelled by PKC-ζ, containing four phosphorylated serine/threonine residues (Ser 1215, 1216, 1220 and Thr 1221) near the C-terminal end of IRS-1. These sites are closely adjacent to tyrosine 1222, which represents one of the two binding sites for the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. In conclusion, the PKC-ζ-dependent in vitro phosphorylation of IRS-1 at a site closely situated to a crucial binding site of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 suggests the modulation of the dephosphorylation activity of SHP-2 by PKC-ζ. Furthermore, our findings can contribute to the explanation of the complex positive and negative regulatory action of PKC-ζ on insulin signalling.
Case matching in Bavarian relative clauses
2002-05-01

Case-matching effects in in German VP coordination and German free relatives have received a fair amount of attention in recent syntactic theorizing and have been cited by Ingria (1990) as a potential challenge to constraint-based and unification-based approaches to syntax such as HPSG and LFG.&#x0D; This paper considers another construction in question: case-matching phenomena in Bavarian relative clauses, for which Bayer (1983) develops an inherently derivational account. The present paper offers a purely declarative account of Bavarian relative clauses in HPSG and shows that the analytical tools provided by unification-based or constraint-based grammar formalisms completely suffice to provide a fully adequate and comprehensive analysis of the data.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPEUTIC MEASURES ON ANKLE JOINT PEAK TORQUE AND SUBJECTIVE PAIN IN RUNNERS WITH ACHILES TENDINITIS
2002-05-01

Physiotherapy with particular focus on eccentric training, orthopedic insoles or optimization of shoes are frequently but unsystematically applied in the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinitis. Differences in therapeutic efficiency have thus far not been objectively demonstrated. PURPOSE: Investigation of the efficacy of various forms of therapy. METHODS: The isometric (Iso), concentric (con, 60°/s) and eccentric (ecc, 60°/s) maximum torque of plantar flexion (PF) and dorsal extension (DE) of both ankles, as well as individual pain on a subjective perception scale (SES) and pain disability index (PDI) were examined in an initial examination (M1) of 45 male runners (x = 38 years) with unilateral chronic Achilles tendinitis and a training scope of 52 km/week before (pre) and after exercise (post). After a 4-week therapy phase, in which the patients were randomly assigned to one of the groups ôControlö (CO), ôInsolesö (IS), ôPhysiotherapyö (PT) or ôShoesö (S) measurements were repeated analogous to M1. Statistical analysis was performed by descriptive evaluation and univariate, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures (α = 0.05). RESULTS: No influence of the therapy phase could be determined in any of the isokinetic parameters (p > 0.05). In the eccentric mode, higher torques were measured than in the isometric and corresponding concentric conditions (p < 0.05). Reduction in complaints and decrease in experienced pain due to exercise could be demonstrated in all therapy groups in M2 (p < 0.01) CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of the various forms of therapy cannot be demonstrated on the basis of isokinetic strength measurements. The efficiency of the forms of therapy appears to be independnt of the absolute strength capacity; the subjective improvement in complaints could rather be attributed more to improved neuronal control of the musculature, which might be proven by the analysis of electromyographic coordination patterns.
Intracellular Ca 2+ regulation in hepatocytes under experimental transplantation conditions
2002-05-01

Under transplant conditions excessive accumulation of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+](i)) is considered to be a mediator of cell injury during ischaemia and re-oxygenation. To clarify this consideration as well as the necessity of calcium-free preservation solutions, we used a well-known in-vitro model. Furthermore, a new application to mimic clinical situation was established, and we evaluated the correlation between [Ca2+](i) change and cell survival in monolayers of isolated rat hepatocytes undergoing cold hypoxia in defined solutions and during re-oxygenation. [Ca2+](i) was measured in single cells by ratio imaging of Fura-2 fluorescence after various periods of cold hypoxia (ischaemia phase) in different preservation solutions [UW, HTK, EC and Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KH)] and following warm normoxic reperfusion (re-oxygenation phase) with KH. Cell survival was measured simultaneously by trypan-blue exclusion. Cell survival decreased, depending on preservation solution and preservation time. The partially tremendous [Ca2+](i) change under cold hypoxia did not correlate with the change in cell survival. For example, UW-stored cells showed a [Ca2+](i) loss from 280 nM to 56 nM, compared with KH-stored cells with a [Ca2+](i) increase of up to 445 nM. Our results indicate that [Ca2+](i) plays only a minor role in the pathomechanisms of hypoxic and re-oxygenation hepatocellular injury.
Intracellular Ca2+ regulation in hepatocytes under experimental transplantation conditions
2002-05-01

Abstract Under transplant conditions excessive accumulation of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) is considered to be a mediator of cell injury during ischaemia and re-oxygenation. To clarify this consideration as well as the necessity of calcium-free preservation solutions, we used a well-known in-vitro model. Furthermore, a new application to mimic clinical situation was established, and we evaluated the correlation between [Ca2+]i change and cell survival in monolayers of isolated rat hepatocytes undergoing cold hypoxia in defined solutions and during re-oxygenation. [Ca2+]i was measured in single cells by ratio imaging of Fura-2 fluorescence after various periods of cold hypoxia (ischaemia phase) in different preservation solutions [UW, HTK, EC and Krebs–Henseleit buffer (KH)] and following warm normoxic reperfusion (re-oxygenation phase) with KH. Cell survival was measured simultaneously by trypan-blue exclusion. Cell survival decreased, depending on preservation solution and preservation time. The partially tremendous [Ca2+]i change under cold hypoxia did not correlate with the change in cell survival. For example, UW-stored cells showed a [Ca2+]i loss from 280 nM to 56 nM, compared with KH-stored cells with a [Ca2+]i increase of up to 445 nM. Our results indicate that [Ca2+]i plays only a minor role in the pathomechanisms of hypoxic and reoxygenation hepatocellular injury.
Cognitive behaviour therapy versus pharmacotherapy in unipolar depression
2002-05-01

This study focuses on how a collective leadership style could influence the implementation of change in health care.Kotter's 8-step process and leadership can guide the implementation of change. Collective leadership can highlight all levels of staff engagement, establish an organizational culture of learning and trust, and create continuous improvement. At the same time, it can formulate a well-designed plan; develop efficient strategies; communicate and empower the staff; assess the performance; and integrate the improvement.Collective leadership can establish vision and trust, highlight all levels of staff engagement, establish an organizational culture of learning and trust, create continuous improvement, communicate and empower the staff and integrate the improvement.Collective leadership can be a powerful way to overcome the barrier and create an effective environment of adaptation of changes by analyzing Kotter's eight stage process.
ANALYSIS OF THERAPEUTIC EFFICIENCY IN ACHILLES TENDINITIS IN RUNNERS
2002-05-01

PURPOSE: Various medical and biomechanical concepts are applied in therapy of Achilles tendinitis (AT). In addition to optimization of shoes and orthotic insoles, training management and analgesic-antiphlogistic therapy, functional treatment is of special im-portance. It is to be studied which of these therapeutic measures can be efficiently applied. METHODS: A test-retest procedure (pre [M1] and post [M2] 4-week therapy) was applied in 82 male runners with unilateral AT. Subjects were prospectively randomised to one of the following groups: control group; training pause; sensomotric training; double-blind, placebo-controlled administration of NSAR; fitting of orthotic insoles according to barefoot concept and optimization of running shoes (multifactorial repeated measures ANOVA, α = 0.05). Analysis of interventions for efficiency was made walking (5km/h; walkway) and running (80% of individual anaerobic threshold; treadmill). Meas-uring quantities were global and regional plantar pressure distribution data (PPD, platform and in-shoe measurements), EMG amplitude analyses during preactivation, weight acceptance and push-off, determination of EMG-On/Off patterns (onset, total time, time of maximum activation) and subjective pain ratings (SES, PDI). RESULTS: Compared to control group pain reduction was attained in all groups after therapy and during exer-cise in M2 (p < 0.05). There was no difference between therapy groups with respect to global EMG and PPD quantities (p > 0.05). Differentiation can be attained on the basis of PPD in local masks and individual EMG-patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Runners with chronic AT must receive differentiated treatment which takes cost/benefit efficiency into account.
DIFFERENT INSOLES DO NOT ALTER MUSCULAR ACTIVITY IN HEALTHY RUNNERS
2002-05-01

Orthotic insoles are thought to be able to adjust malalignment of the foot and thereby influence movement of the leg. Newer concepts try to explain possible beneficial effects of insoles by neuromuscular adjustments due to altered afferent input to the sole of the foot. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of different insoles on the muscular activity in healthy runners. METHODS: 17 healthy runners (mileage: 37 ± 11 mi per week) were examined in a test-re-test procedure using bilateral bipolar surface EMG at a standardized velocity of 12kmh−1. Subjects had to run in random order barefoot (bf), with a reference shoe and with nine different insoles. The insoles varied in component parts and construction. EMG time quantities (onset of activation [T-ini], total time of activation [T-tot], time of maximum activation [T-max]) and mean normalised amplitudes in preactivation [A-pre], weight acceptance [A-wa] and push-off phase [A-po] of the muscles of the lower leg served as measures for muscular activity. Differences between conditions were analyzed by means of univariate, one-way repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Statistically significant earlier T-ini and T-max were observed in bf compared to shoe/insole conditions in theextensor loop. T-tot showed no difference between conditions. Concerning amplitudes of activation, A-pre, A-wa and A-po showed the same extent in all conditions. No differences were found between insoles. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy runners generate a very stable muscular activity pattern no matter in which condition they run. Upcoming studies have to reveal if insoles are able to influence muscular activity acute and/or in the long run in injured subjects. Supported by the Federal Institute for Sport Science (BISP) Germany
Glitazones: clinical effects and molecular mechanisms
2002-05-04

With the thiazolidinediones rosiglitazone and pioglitazone a novel treatment modality for type 2 diabetes has become available in many countries. As monotherapy, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), on average, can be improved by approximately 40 mg/dl and almost 1%, respectively. In combination with other agents their efficacy is additive. Thiazolidinediones reduce insulin resistance not only in type 2 diabetes but also in non-diabetic conditions associated with insulin resistance such as obesity. The mechanism of action involves binding to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) &#110, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of specific genes especially in fat cells but also in other tissues. It is likely that thiazolidinediones primarily act in adipose tissue where PPAR &#110 is predominantly expressed. Thiazolidinediones have been shown to interfere with expression and release of mediators of insulin resistance originating in adipose tissue (e.g. free fatty acids, adipocytokines such as tumor necrosis factor &#102, resistin, adiponectin) in a way that results in net improvement of insulin sensitivity (i.e. in muscle and liver). Nevertheless, a direct molecular effect in skeletal muscle cannot be excluded. Interference with transcription entails a potential for side-effect risk, that cannot definitively be assessed yet. For example, the in-vitro stimulation of adipogenic differentiation may underlie the clinical observation of weight gain. Theoretically, this may turn out to be counterproductive in the long run. However, there is not sufficient evidence from humans at the moment, especially no long-term data, to allow a conclusive statement. The hepatotoxicity observed with troglitazone, on the other hand, does not seem to be PPAR &#110 -mediated but secondary to toxic metabolites. Based on differences in drug metabolism this problem is relatively unlikely to occur with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone. Unexplained but not unimportant is the propensity for fluid retention. In summary, with the thiazolidinediones a novel concept for the treatment of insulin resistance is available that in theory could also be used for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Long-term data are indispensable for a final risk-benefit assessment of these substances.
CFTR is a pattern recognition molecule that extracts Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS from the outer membrane into epithelial cells and activates NF-κB translocation
2002-05-07

Immune cells are activated during cellular responses to antigen by two described mechanisms: ( i ) direct uptake of antigen and ( ii ) extraction and internalization of membrane components from antigen-presenting cells. Although endocytosis of microbial antigens by pattern recognition molecules (PRM) also activates innate immunity, it is not known whether this involves extraction and internalization of microbial surface components. Epithelial cells on mucosal surfaces use a variety of receptors that are distinct from the classical endocytic PRM to bind and internalize intact microorganisms. Nonclassical receptor molecules theoretically could act as a type of endocytic PRM if these molecules could recognize, bind, extract, and internalize a pathogen-associated molecule and initiate cell signaling. We report here that the interaction between the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the outer core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa satisfies all of these conditions. P. aeruginosa LPS was specifically recognized and bound by CFTR, extracted from the organism's surface, and endocytosed by epithelial cells, leading to a rapid (5- to 15-min) and dynamic translocation of nuclear transcription factor NF-κB. Inhibition of epithelial cell internalization of P. aeruginosa LPS prevented NF-κB activation. Cellular activation depended on expression of wild-type CFTR, because both cultured ΔF508 CFTR human airway epithelial cells and lung epithelial cells of transgenic-CF mice failed to endocytose LPS and translocate NF-κB. CFTR serves as a critical endocytic PRM in the lung epithelium, coordinating the effective innate immune response to P. aeruginosa infection.
Nucleon mass and pion loops
2002-05-07

Poincare' covariant Faddeev equations for the nucleon and Delta are solved to\\nillustrate that an internally consistent description in terms of confined-quark\\nand nonpointlike confined-diquark-correlations can be obtained. pi N-loop\\ninduced self-energy corrections to the nucleon's mass are analysed and shown to\\nbe independent of whether a pseudoscalar or pseudovector coupling is used.\\nPhenomenological constraints suggest that this self-energy correction reduces\\nthe nucleon's mass by up to several hundred MeV. That effect does not\\nqualitatively alter the picture, suggested by the Faddeev equation, that\\nbaryons are quark-diquark composites. However, neglecting the pi-loops leads to\\na quantitative overestimate of the nucleon's axial-vector diquark component.\\n
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidizing Polymers: A Polymer‐Supported, Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine(V) Reagent for the Efficient Conversion of Alcohols, Carbonyl Compounds, and Unsaturated Carbamates in Solution.
2002-05-07

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Alkylation of Anilines, Carboxamides and Several Nitrogen Heterocycles Using CsF—Celite/Alkyl Halides/CH3CN Combination.
2002-05-07

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mesons in a Poincaré covariant Bethe-Salpeter approach
2002-05-09

We develop a covariant approach to describe the low-lying scalar, pseudoscalar, vector and axialvector mesons as quark-antiquark bound states. This approach is based on an effective interaction modeling of the non--perturbative structure of the gluon propagator that enters the quark Schwinger-Dyson and meson Bethe-Salpeter equations. We consistently treat these integral equations by precisely implementing the quark propagator functions that solve the Schwinger-Dyson equations into the Bethe-Salpeter equations in the relevant kinematical region. We extract the meson masses and compute the pion and kaon decay constants. We obtain a quantitatively correct description for pions, kaons and vector mesons while the calculated spectra of scalar and axialvector mesons suggest that their structure is more complex than being quark-antiquark bound states.
Detection of bone glue treatment as a major source of contamination in ancient DNA analyses
2002-05-09

Abstract Paleogenetic investigations of ancient DNA extracted from fossil material is for many reasons susceptible to falsification by the presence of more recent contamination from several sources. Gelatine‐based bone glue that has been used extensively for nearly two centuries by curators to preserve hard tissues contributes nonauthentic DNA to paleontological material. This fact has been frequently neglected and is barely mentioned in the literature. Now paleogeneticists, curators, and conservators are faced with the problem that treatment of samples with adhesives and consolidants for conservatory purposes has seldom been recorded. Here, we show that racemization of amino acids, and in particular serine, is an excellent indicator for the treatment of paleontological samples with glue. Am J Phys Anthropol 118:117–120, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Organometallic Complexes. Part 28. Neural Networks Evaluating NMR Data: An Approach to Visualize Similarities and Relationships of Sol—Gel Derived Inorganic—Organic and Organometallic Hybrid Polymers.
2002-05-14

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fluorescence and absorption spectra of oligophenylenevinylenes: Vibronic coupling, band shapes, and solvatochromism
2002-05-15

Fluorescence emission and excitation spectra of para-phenylene vinylenes nPV with n=1–4 styryl units are investigated experimentally and theoretically as a function of the temperature and the polarizability of the solvent. At low temperatures, the vibronic structures of the S0↔S1 emission and excitation bands are mirror symmetrical with negligible 0–0 energy gaps. The frequencies of the prominent vibrational modes are assigned to the second longitudinal acoustic phonon modes of the entire molecules and to localized carbon–carbon stretching vibrations. The complete vibronic structures of the spectra are calculated at the ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF/6-311G*) and restricted configuration interaction singles (RCIS/6-311G*) levels of theory assuming planar C2h molecular symmetry. The theoretically predicted spectra are in good agreement with the experiments. At room temperature, a 0–0 energy gap between the first band maxima opens, and the mirror symmetry between absorption and emission is lost. The vibronic band shapes and 0–0 band gaps are successfully simulated with a combination of Gaussian and exponential broadening of the low temperature spectra. The exponential term reflects the differences in thermal population of the phenyl-vinyl torsional modes in the S0 and S1 electronic states. Spectral shifts upon changes in temperature and solvents are quantitatively explained by changes in the refractive index of the environment. From extrapolation of the experimental data the vertical and adiabatic transition energies of the oligomers in vacuo are obtained and compared to RCIS and semiempirical quantum chemical calculations, respectively.