julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Estrogen‐mediated downregulation of CD24 in breast cancer cells
2008-04-10

Abstract We have previously reported on the relevance of the prevalence of CD44 + /CD24 −/low cells in primary breast tumors. To study regulation of CD24, we queried a number of publicly available expression array studies in breast cancer cells and found that CD24 was downregulated upon estrogen treatment. We confirmed this estrogen‐mediated repression of CD24 mRNA by quantitative real‐time PCR in MCF7, T47D and ZR75‐1 cells. Repression was also seen at the protein level as measured by flow cytometry. CD24 was not downregulated in the ERα negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells suggesting that ERα was necessary. This was further confirmed by ERα silencing in MCF7 cells resulting in increased CD24 levels and by reintroduction of ERα into C4‐12 cells resulting in decreased CD24 levels. Estrogen treatment did not alter half‐life of CD24 mRNA and new protein synthesis was not essential for repression, suggesting a primary transcriptional effect. Histone deacetylase inhibition by Trichostatin A completely abolished the repression, but decrease of the ERα corepressors NCoR, LCoR, RIP140, silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors, SAFB1 and SAFB2 by siRNA or overexpression of SAFB2, NCoR and silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors had no effect. In silico promoter analyses led to the identification of two estrogen responsive elements in the CD24 promoter, one of which was able to bind ERα as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Together, our results show that CD24 is repressed by estrogen and that this repression is a direct transcriptional effect depending on ERα and histone deacetylases. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anaemia and malaria in Yanomami communities with differing access to healthcare
2008-04-11

Inequitable access to healthcare has a profound impact on the health of marginalised groups that typically suffer an excess burden of infectious disease morbidity and mortality. The Yanomami are traditionally semi-nomadic people living in widely dispersed communities in Amazonian Venezuela and Brazil. Only communities living in the vicinity of a health post have relatively constant access to healthcare. To monitor the improvement in the development of Yanomami healthcare a cross-sectional survey of 183 individuals was conducted to investigate malaria and anaemia prevalence in communities with constant and intermittent access to healthcare. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Malaria was diagnosed by microscopy and haemoglobin concentration by HemoCue. Prevalence of malaria, anaemia, splenomegaly, fever and diarrhoea were all significantly higher in communities with intermittent access to healthcare (anaemia 80.8% vs. 53.6%, P<0.001; malaria 18.2% vs. 6.0%, P=0.013; splenomegaly 85.4% vs.12.5%, P<0.001; fever 50.5% vs. 28.6%, P=0.003; diarrhoea 30.3% vs.10.7% P=0.001). Haemoglobin level (10.0 g/dl vs. 11.5 g/dl) was significantly associated with access to healthcare when controlling for age, sex, malaria and splenomegaly (P=0.01). These findings indicate a heavy burden of anaemia in both areas and the need for interventions against anaemia and malaria, along with more frequent medical visits to remote areas.
Scanning electron and polarization microscopy study of the variability and character of hollow macro-defects in silicon carbide wafers
2008-04-11

Abstract\\n Polarization microscopy is a suitable tool for studying strain in appropriately cut SiC single-crystals. Both the outline shape examined by electron microscopy and the induced interference pattern observed by polarization microscopy were used to study the variation and character of macro-defects present in SiC wafers. While voids are usually in a relaxed state, hollow-core dislocations are characterised by large interference halos up to ~ 100 ?m in diameter. Conoscopy, i.e. evaluation of the interference pattern created by inserting an Amici Bertrand lens, is suitable to examine these optical phenomena in more detail and to gain additional knowledge on the inclination of cut wafers towards the c-axis. The discrepancy between simulated interference patterns for (0001)-SiC and the observed ones strongly indicates that pipes are no pure screw dislocations as commonly thought, but must have an edge component.
Three-Component Combinatorial Synthesis of Novel Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles
2008-04-12

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTThree-Component Combinatorial Synthesis of Novel Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazolesFrank Lehmann, Melanie Holm, and Stefan Laufer*View Author Information Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Comb. Chem. 2008, 10, 3, 364–367Publication Date (Web):April 12, 2008Publication History Received19 February 2008Published online12 April 2008Published inissue 1 May 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cc800028mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cc800028mbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4489Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Chemical synthesis,Combinatorial synthesis,Ethyl groups,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Occult hepatitis C virus infection is more common than hepatitis B infection in maintenance hemodialysis patients
2008-04-14

Laparoscopic surgery is the main treatment method for patients with gastrointestinal malignant tumors. Although laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive, its tool stimulation and pneumoperitoneum pressure often cause strong stress reactions in patients. On the other hand, gastrointestinal surgery can cause stronger pain in patients, compared to other surgeries. Transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) can effectively inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses caused by surgical stimulation, alleviate patient pain, and thus alleviate stress reactions. Remazolam is an acting, safe, and effective sedative, which has little effect on hemodynamics and is suitable for most patients. TAPB combined with remazolam can reduce the dosage of total anesthetic drugs, reduce adverse reactions, reduce stress reactions, and facilitate the rapid postoperative recovery of patients.
Bogoliubov theory of quantum correlations in the time-dependent Bose-Hubbard model
2008-04-14

By means of an adapted mean-field expansion for large fillings n 1, we study the evolution of quantum&#13;\\nfluctuations in the time-dependent Bose-Hubbard model, starting in the superfluid state and approaching the&#13;\\nMott phase by decreasing the tunneling rate or increasing the interaction strength in time. For experimentally&#13;\\nrelevant cases, we derive analytical results for the temporal behavior of the number and phase fluctuations,&#13;\\nrespectively. This allows us to calculate the growth of the quantum depletion and the decay of off-diagonal&#13;\\nlong-range order. We estimate the conditions for the observability of the time dependence in the correlation&#13;\\nfunctions in the experimental setups with external trapping present. Finally, we discuss the analogy to quantum&#13;\\neffects in the early universe during the inflationary epoch.
An atomic orbital-based reformulation of energy gradients in second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory
2008-04-15

A fully atomic orbital (AO)-based reformulation of second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) energy gradients is introduced, which provides the basis for reducing the computational scaling with the molecular size from the fifth power to linear. Our formulation avoids any transformation between the AO and the molecular orbital (MO) basis and employs pseudodensity matrices similar to the AO-MP2 energy expressions within the Laplace scheme for energies. The explicit computation of perturbed one-particle density matrices emerging in the new AO-based gradient expression is avoided by reformulating the Z-vector method of Handy and Schaefer [J. Chem. Phys. 81, 5031 (1984)] within a density matrix-based scheme.
Members of Sebacinales subgroup B form mycorrhizae with epiphytic orchids in a neotropical mountain rain forest
2008-04-15

Previous investigations revealed that epiphytic orchids in a mountain rain forest in southern Ecuador formed mycorrhizae with diverse members of Tulasnellales. Using specific primers, we now show that the same orchids are also associated with Sebacinales. Ultrastructural observations confirmed the Sebacinales mycobionts in situ. Mycorrhizae of flowering individuals of Stelis hallii, S. superbiens, S. concinna and Pleurothallis lilijae were sampled in different forest types of the mountain rain forest of southern Ecuador along an altitudinal gradient between 1,850 and 2,100 m a.s.l. Phylogenetic analysis of fungal nuclear rDNA sequences coding for the ribosomal large subunit (nucLSU) showed the presence of eight sequence types based on proportional differences of &lt;1% bp. All sequence types clustered in the Sebacinales subgroup B which also contained sequences of mycobionts from ericads and terrestrial orchids. Sequences of the nuclear rDNA 5.8S subunit, including parts of the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 (5.8-ITS) from the mycobionts of the epiphytic orchids, were distinct from published sequences of sebacinoid mycobionts of green terrestrial orchids and ericads. Sebacinales sequences from different epiphytic orchid species differed at least by 1% bp as was previously found for Tulasnella sequences. Sebacinales occurred less frequently and with a lower number of sequence types than Tulasnellales, but distribution along the altitudinal gradient was similar. © 2008 German Mycological Society and Springer.
NOVEL ATP1A3 MUTATION IN A SPORADIC RDP PATIENT WITH MINIMAL BENEFIT FROM DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION
2008-04-15

Rapid onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP) is a rare, autosomal dominantly inherited movement disorder, characterized by abrupt or subacute onset of both dystonic symptoms and parkinsonism with prominent bulbar involvement.1,2 Onset usually occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood and may be triggered by stresses such as physical exercise, extreme heat, or emotionally traumatic events. In one sporadic patient, bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) failed to alleviate symptoms.3 Recently, six missense mutations in highly conserved regions of the ATP1A3 gene, encoding a Na+/K+-ATPase, have been identified.4 ### Case report. A 12-year-old boy experienced acute onset of severe dysphagia and dysarthria within hours after physical overexertion. Within weeks, severe generalized dystonia of all four limbs evolved, resulting in an inability to walk unassisted. Over the next 2 years, speech and swallowing improved considerably, but limb dystonia only slightly, so he was again able to walk independently. Extensive investigations including cranial MRI, DAT scan, CSF studies, EEG, and laboratory investigations ...
Benzopyrenomycin, a Cytotoxic Bacterial Polyketide Metabolite with a Benzo[a]pyrene‐Type Carbocyclic Ring System
2008-04-15

A natural benzopyren: The title compound 1 was discovered by chemical metabolite profiling of a large-scale fermentation of Streptomyces lavendulae. Biological evaluation of the peri-fused pentacyclic compound revealed antitumor activity against several cell lines. The co-occurrence of an angucyclic polyketide with an identical ring-substitution pattern suggests that 1 is biosynthesized from an angular decaketide and a C3 building block.
Benzopyrenomycin, a Cytotoxic Bacterial Polyketide Metabolite with a Benzo[a]pyrene‐Type Carbocyclic Ring System
2008-04-15

Ein natürliches Benzpyren: Die Titelverbindung 1 wurde beim chemischen Metabolitenscreening einer Fermentierung mit Streptomyces lavendulae entdeckt. Der peri-kondensierte Pentacyclus ist gegen einige Tumorzelllinien aktiv. Das gleichzeitige Auftreten eines angucyclischen Polyketids mit identischem Ringsubstitutionsmuster deutet darauf hin, dass die Biosynthese von 1 von einem angularen Decaketid und einem C3-Baustein ausgeht. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z800083_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Magnetic field distribution in the presence of paramagnetic plates in magnetic resonance imaging: A combined numerical and experimental study
2008-04-15

The amount and geometric distribution of paramagnetic components in tissue is considered as the basis of ‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Such techniques are routinely applied for assessment of iron in parenchymal organs such as the liver (hemosiderosis). Furthermore, susceptibility sensitive MRI is discussed as an alternative method to x‐ray techniques for quantitative assessment of paramagnetic spongy bone components in patients with osteoporosis. The presented work is dedicated to systematically examining the possible influences of macroscopic arrangements of paramagnetic plates on the magnetic field. In a theoretical approach magnetic field distribution was simulated applying decomposition of the plates in single dipoles. Plate size and distances between parallel plates, as well as plate orientation with respect to the static field, were varied for these numerical simulations. Experiments on corresponding plate arrangements were carried out on a whole body MR scanner using the field‐sensitive MR sequence technique for field mapping. Further examinations were carried out on a bone preparation of the femur, where maps were measured and analyzed on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis at two orientations with respect to the static field. A series of experiments were performed using isotropic and anisotropic volume elements in three‐dimensional gradient echo sequences. Resulting magnetic field distributions in the experimentally recorded field maps were in good agreement with the numerical simulations. Field distortions dominated in areas close to the plates and especially near the edges. Those areas showed strong local field gradients, leading to pronounced signal dephasing effects. The examination of the bone preparations revealed different values for identical regions in the bone when the orientation of the bone or the pixel geometry was changed with respect to the magnetic field. Those effects amounted to nearly 70% ( versus in a region of interest in the femur) for 90° rotation of the femur in the magnetic fields. The orientation of anisotropic picture elements with constant size also showed a strong influence on the derived value (up to 80%, increasing with anisotropy of picture elements).
Hunting for genes and mutations
2008-04-15

During the last 15 years, the identification of dozens or even hundreds of genes which, when mutated, cause inherited neurologic disorders has profoundly reshaped practically all areas of neurology. These discoveries have generated new classifications of heterogeneous “idiopathic” diseases, such as the spinocerebellar ataxias, the familial spastic paraplegias, and the hereditary neuropathies, based on the underlying genetic defects. They have provided unprecedented insight into the molecular pathogenesis, mostly through the study of transgenic animal models, and they have opened up new diagnostic possibilities, with all their promises and challenges. Almost all of these discoveries rest on a statistical method called linkage analysis. Linkage analysis allows rough localization of the position of a gene, which is responsible for an observable, genetically determined trait (in this instance: the disease), which segregates in a family in a Mendelian (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked) fashion, if a sufficient number of affected and unaffected family members are available for study. Linkage analysis is based on the following observation: if two genetic loci are located on the same chromosome, the probability that they are passed on to the next generation together (“linked”) is inversely proportional to their distance ...
Novel Expression Patterns for Trefoil Peptides : Presence of Tff2 and Tff3 in Rodent Cochlea
2008-04-15

Trefoil peptides: Tff1, Tff2 and Tff3, assigned to the so-called trefoil factor family (TFF), are secretory proteins predominantly expressed by the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cells. Their multiple protective functions include an important role in immune response and apoptosis. Here, a novel localization of Tff2 and Tff3 in the cochlea of mouse inner ear is presented. Tffs expression and localization in mouse cochlea was analyzed by using the quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Tff2 and Tff3 mRNA quantification by qPCR showed their presence in the cochlea. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of Tff2 in the spiral ligament and limbus and for Tff3 in the spiral ligament and the organ of Corti. These new and surprising findings of Tff’ s presence in the cochlea indicate a new role of TFFs connected with the organ of hearing which still needs to be physiologically evaluated.
Dynamics of the Microglial/Amyloid Interaction Indicate a Role in Plaque Maintenance
2008-04-16

Microglial cells aggregate around amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease, but, despite their therapeutic potential, various aspects of their reactive kinetics and role in plaque pathogenesis remain hypothetical. Through use of in vivo imaging and quantitative morphological measures in transgenic mice, we demonstrate that local resident microglia rapidly react to plaque formation by extending processes and subsequently migrating toward plaques, in which individual transformed microglia somata remain spatially stable for weeks. The number of plaque-associated microglia increased at a rate of almost three per plaque per month, independent of plaque volume. Larger plaques were surrounded by larger microglia, and a subset of plaques changed in size over time, with an increase or decrease related to the volume of associated microglia. Far from adopting a more static role, plaque-associated microglia retained rapid process and membrane movement at the plaque/glia interface. Microglia internalized systemically injected amyloid-binding dye at a much higher rate in the vicinity of plaques. These results indicate a role for microglia in plaque maintenance and provide a model with multiple targets for therapeutic intervention.
Inactivation of the lateral septum blocks fox odor-induced fear behavior
2008-04-16

A number of lesion studies have shown that the lateral septum plays an important role in the modulation of innate fear. Furthermore, an increased c-fos expression in the lateral septum was demonstrated after exposure to natural predator odors and 2,3,5,-trimethyl-3-thiazoline (TMT), a component of fox odor. This study investigates, on a behavioral level, whether the lateral septum plays a role in TMT-induced fear. Temporary inactivation of the lateral septum by local muscimol injections clearly blocked TMT-induced fear behavior but had no effect on behavior in a controlled condition. This indicates that the lateral septum is important for the processing of TMT-induced fear and suggests that the lateral septum is also involved in fear behavior induced by natural predator odors.
11β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2 Activity Is Elevated in Severe Obesity and Negatively Associated With Insulin Sensitivity
2008-04-17

Alterations in glucocorticoid (GC) metabolism may contribute to the development of obesity and insulin resistance. We aimed to study the role of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β‐HSD2) in human adiposity, paying special attention to the association between altered GC metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In 24‐h urine samples of 72 extremely obese (mean BMI 45.5 ± 1.1 kg/m 2 ), but otherwise healthy patients urinary free cortisol (UFF), urinary free cortisone (UFE), tetrahydrocortisol (THF), 5α‐tetrahydrocortisol (5α‐THF), and tetrahydrocortisone (THE) were quantified by radioimmunoassay. The sum of the three major tetrahydrometabolites is an estimate for daily GC secretion, and the sum of UFF and UFE represents potentially bioactive‐free‐GCs. Thirty healthy lean subjects (BMI 22.3 ± 0.3 kg/m 2 ) served as controls. In obese subjects, absolute daily GC secretion and the potentially bioactive‐free‐GCs were significantly ( P &lt; 0.005) higher than in lean controls (11.8 ± 0.7 vs. 8.0 ± 0.6 mg/d; and 171.8 ± 11.2 vs. 117.6 ± 9.2 μg/d, respectively). However, when these values were corrected for body surface area (BSA), significant differences were no longer detectable. While enzyme activity indices for 5α‐reductase and 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1) were similar in lean and obese subjects, 11β‐HSD2 was markedly elevated in adiposity (3.7 ± 0.2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.1; P &lt; 0.0001). This increase was accompanied by a significant reduction in UFF excretion corrected for BSA (16.5 ± 1.2 vs. 21.7 ± 2.0 μg/d/m 2 ; P = 0.0222). Besides, 11β‐HSD2 activity was significantly correlated with insulin sensitivity ( P = 0.0262). When body size is accounted for, both adrenal GC secretion and potentially bioactive‐free‐GCs are indistinguishable between lean and extremely obese subjects. However in obesity, the kidney appears to intensify its supply of the direct substrate cortisone for extrarenal 11β‐HSD1, which may fuel visceral adiposity and insulin resistance.