julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Distributional evidence for derivational paradigms
2023-02-06

This paper provides evidence from distributional semantics on the importance of paradigmatic relations in word formation systems. We argue that, if paradigmatic relations play a systemic role, that role should be measurable by examining whether pairs of lexemes derived from a common base (e.g. baker and bakery derived from bake) have semantic properties that are more readily predictable from one another than they are from the semantics of the base. We implement that idea using statistical models that predict the distributional vector of a lexeme based on that of another lexeme in the same derivational family. Applying the method on French data, we show that some (but by no means all) pairs of derivational processes give rise to undisputably paradigmatic properties and hence provide evidence of a systemic role for paradigmatic relations.
Current Practice in the Treatment of Epithelial and Melanocytic Tumours with Interferon-α2b: A Survey of Tertiary Eye Centres in Germany
2023-02-06

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the standard of care, in particular the use of topical or subconjunctival interferon-α2b, in treating ocular surface squamous neoplasia or melanocytic tumours in tertiary eye centres in Germany. Methods A survey containing 14 questions was sent to 43 tertiary eye centres in Germany. The questions addressed the surgical and medical management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia and melanocytic tumours (primary acquired melanosis and malignant melanoma), as well as the clinical experiences and difficulties in prescribing off-label interferon-α2b eye drops and subconjunctival injections. Results Twenty-four tertiary eye centres responded to the survey. Eighty-three percent of centres had used interferon-α2b in their clinical practice and 25% prescribed it as the first-line cytostatic agent following surgical excision of ocular surface squamous neoplasia, while 10% would do so for melanocytic tumours. Correspondingly, the majority of respondents selected mitomycin C as their first-line agent. Side effects were uncommon with topical interferon-α2b eye drops but were more frequently reported after subconjunctival interferon-α2b injections. In total, eight centres had experience with interferon-α2b injections. The most significant obstacles perceived by ophthalmologists when prescribing interferon-α2b were its high cost and the reimbursement thereof. Conclusion Off-label mitomycin C was the preferred adjuvant therapy for epithelial and melanocytic tumours, with interferon-α2b being the standard second-line option. Interferon-α2b has predominantly been used to treat ocular surface squamous neoplasia and, to a lesser extent, melanocytic tumours at German tertiary eye centres. Following its market withdrawal, supply shortages of interferon-α2b are likely to have a profound impact on patient care and their quality of life.
The plural counts: Inconsistent grammatical number hinders numerical development in preschoolers — A cross-linguistic study
2023-02-06

The role of grammar in numerical development, and particularly the role of grammatical number inflection, has already been well-documented in toddlerhood. It is unclear, however, whether the influence of grammatical language structure further extends to more complex later stages of numerical development. Here, we addressed this question by exploiting differences between Polish, which has a complex grammatical number paradigm, leading to a partially inconsistent mapping between numerical quantities and grammatical number, and German, which has a comparatively easy verbal paradigm: 151 Polish-speaking and 123 German-speaking kindergarten children were tested using a symbolic numerical comparison task. Additionally, counting skills (Give-a-Number and count-list), and mapping between non-symbolic (dot sets) and symbolic representations of numbers, as well as working memory (Corsi blocks and Digit span) were assessed. Based on the Give-a-Number and mapping tasks, the children were divided into subset-knowers, CP-knowers-non-mappers, and CP-knowers-mappers. Linguistic background was related to performance in several ways: Polish-speaking children expectedly progressed to the CP-knowers stage later than German children, despite comparable non-numerical capabilities, and even after this stage was achieved, they fared worse in the numerical comparison task. There were also meaningful differences in spatial-numerical mapping between the Polish and German groups. Our findings are in line with the theory that grammatical number paradigms influence. the development of representations and processing of numbers, not only at the stage of acquiring the meaning of the first number-words but at later stages as well, when dealing with symbolic numbers.
Mixed-Effects Regression Weights for Advice Taking and Related Phenomena of Information Sampling and Utilization
2023-02-06

Objective: Advice taking and related research is dominated by deterministic weighting indices, specifically ratio-of-differences-based formulas for investigating informational influence. Their arithmetic is intuitively simple, but they pose several measurement problems and restrict research to a particular paradigmatic approach. As a solution, we propose to specify how strongly peoples’ judgments are influenced by externally provided evidence by fitting corresponding mixed-effects regression models. Method: Our approach explicitly distinguishes between endogenous components, such as updated beliefs, and exogenous components, such as independent initial judgments and advice. Crucially, mixed-effects regression coefficients of various exogenous sources of information also reflect individual weighting, but are based on a conceptually consistent representation of the endogenous judgment process. The formal derivation of the proposed weighting measures is accompanied by a detailed elaboration on their most important technical and statistical subtleties. Results: We use this modeling approach to revisit empirical findings from several paradigms investigating algorithm aversion, sequential collaboration, and advice taking. In summary, we replicate and extend the original finding of algorithm appreciation, and initially demonstrate a lack of evidence for both systematic order effects in sequential collaboration as well as differential weighting of multiple pieces of advice. Conclusions: In addition to opening new avenues for innovative research, appropriate modeling of information sampling and utilization has the potential to increase the reproducibility and replicability of behavioral science. Furthermore, the proposed method is relevant beyond advice taking, as mixed-effects regression weights can also inform research on related cognitive phenomena such as multidimensional belief updating, anchoring effects, hindsight bias, or attitude change.
Reply on RC2
2023-02-06

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Modern tropical rain forests (TRF) are one of the most ecologically important and species-rich biomes on the planet. However, the origin of modern TRF is still debated, especially due to the incongruence between the fossil record and molecular data. Here, we are testing whether Campanian assemblages from north-eastern Africa could represent fossil TRF vegetation. In so doing, we compare the investigated assemblages with other assemblages known to represent temperate forests, subtropical forests, and TRF in terms of leaf physiognomy, species richness, and taxonomic composition. We assume that modern-looking TRF already existed about 80 Ma ago during the Campanian in north-eastern Africa based on fossil leaves in an area corresponding to 10 % of the modern Amazonian or 25 % of the Congolese TRF. The apparent conflict between the fossil record and phylogenetic evidence is due to the more or less absence of published tropical floras for the Cretaceous.
Reply on RC1
2023-02-06

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Modern tropical rain forests (TRF) are one of the most ecologically important and species-rich biomes on the planet. However, the origin of modern TRF is still debated, especially due to the incongruence between the fossil record and molecular data. Here, we are testing whether Campanian assemblages from north-eastern Africa could represent fossil TRF vegetation. In so doing, we compare the investigated assemblages with other assemblages known to represent temperate forests, subtropical forests, and TRF in terms of leaf physiognomy, species richness, and taxonomic composition. We assume that modern-looking TRF already existed about 80 Ma ago during the Campanian in north-eastern Africa based on fossil leaves in an area corresponding to 10 % of the modern Amazonian or 25 % of the Congolese TRF. The apparent conflict between the fossil record and phylogenetic evidence is due to the more or less absence of published tropical floras for the Cretaceous.
Antimicrobial Preservatives for Protein and Peptide Formulations: An Overview
2023-02-07

Biological drugs intended for multi-dose application require the presence of antimicrobial preservatives to avoid microbial growth. As the presence of certain preservatives has been reported to increase protein and peptide particle formation, it is essential to choose a preservative compatible with the active pharmaceutical ingredient in addition to its preservation function. Thus, this review describes the current status of the use of antimicrobial preservatives in biologic formulations considering (i) appropriate preservatives for protein and peptide formulations, (ii) their physico-chemical properties, (iii) their in-/compatibilities with other excipients or packaging material, and (iv) their interactions with the biological compound. Further, (v) we present an overview of licensed protein and peptide formulations.
Exploring the Immunogenicity of Noncanonical HLA-I Tumor Ligands Identified through Proteogenomics
2023-02-07

Abstract Purpose: Tumor antigens are central to antitumor immunity. Recent evidence suggests that peptides from noncanonical (nonC) aberrantly translated proteins can be presented on HLA-I by tumor cells. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity of nonC tumor HLA-I ligands (nonC-TL) to better understand their contribution to cancer immunosurveillance and their therapeutic applicability. Experimental Design: Peptides presented on HLA-I were identified in 9 patient-derived tumor cell lines from melanoma, gynecologic, and head and neck cancer through proteogenomics. A total of 507 candidate tumor antigens, including nonC-TL, neoantigens, cancer-germline, or melanocyte differentiation antigens, were tested for T-cell recognition of preexisting responses in patients with cancer. Donor peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were in vitro sensitized against 170 selected nonC-TL to isolate antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCR) and evaluate their therapeutic potential. Results: We found no recognition of the 507 nonC-TL tested by autologous ex vivo expanded tumor-reactive T-cell cultures while the same cultures demonstrated reactivity to mutated, cancer-germline, or melanocyte differentiation antigens. However, in vitro sensitization of donor PBL against 170 selected nonC-TL, led to the identification of TCRs specific to three nonC-TL, two of which mapped to the 5′ UTR regions of HOXC13 and ZKSCAN1, and one mapping to a noncoding spliced variant of C5orf22C. T cells targeting these nonC-TL recognized cancer cell lines naturally presenting their corresponding antigens. Expression of the three immunogenic nonC-TL was shared across tumor types and barely or not detected in normal cells. Conclusions: Our findings predict a limited contribution of nonC-TL to cancer immunosurveillance but demonstrate they may be attractive novel targets for widely applicable immunotherapies. See related commentary by Fox et al., p. 2173
Putting team formations in association football into context
2023-02-07

Choosing the right formation is one of the coach’s most important decisions in football. Teams change formation dynamically throughout matches to achieve their immediate objective: to retain possession, progress the ball up-field and create (or prevent) goal-scoring opportunities. In this work we identify the unique formations used by teams in distinct phases of play in a large sample of tracking data. This we achieve in two steps: first, we train a convolutional neural network to decompose each game into non-overlapping segments and classify these segments into phases with an average F 1 -score of 0.76. We then measure and contextualize unique formations used in each distinct phase of play. While conventional discussion tends to reduce team formations over an entire match to a single three-digit code (e.g. 4-4-2; 4 defender, 4 midfielder, 2 striker), we provide an objective representation of team formations per phase of play. Using the most frequently occurring phases of play, mid-block, we identify and contextualize six unique formations. A long-term analysis in the German Bundesliga allows us to quantify the efficiency of each formation, and to present a helpful scouting tool to identify how well a coach’s preferred playing style is suited to a potential club.
Nanotwinned Copper Foil for “Zero Excess” Lithium–Metal Batteries
2023-02-07

The "zero excess" lithium–metal battery cell concept, in which the pristine negative electrode consists only of the current collector, while all lithium is present only in the positive electrode active material, promises substantial improvements in energy density. However, the achievement of stable cycling for more than just a few cycles requires a careful design and adjustment of all cell components─especially the current collector at the negative electrode. Herein, we provide a comparative investigation of commercial, polycrystalline copper foil, characterized by a rather random [111], [200], and [220] orientation and a high concentration of grain boundaries, and nanotwinned copper foil, which has a solely [111]-oriented grain structure. Remarkably, the plated lithium on the foil with [111] orientation reveals a much more homogeneous morphology independent of the current density applied, while several dendritic lithium deposits are observed on the polycrystalline copper foil. This also translates into higher Coulombic efficiency and stabilized cycling performance of Cu[111]||NMC811 cells, highlighting the important impact of the crystal orientation of the current collector.
Telemedicine in orthopaedics and trauma surgery during the first year of COVID pandemic: a systematic review
2023-02-07

Abstract Purpose Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine in orthopaedics and trauma surgery had mostly developed for joint arthroplasty, fracture management, and general pre- and postoperative care including teleradiology. With the corona-outbreak, telemedicine was applied on a broad scale to prevent assemblage and to guarantee access to medical care protecting critical areas. The purpose of the present study was to give an overview of the spectrum of clinical applications and the efficacy of telemedicine in orthopaedic and trauma surgery as published in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods All published studies investigating the application of telemedicine related to orthopaedics and trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic were accessed and screened for suitability. The primary outcome of interest was the efficacy of telemedicine in various clinical applications. The secondary outcome of interest was the spectrum of different applications in which telemedicine applications were investigated. Results The literature search resulted in 1047 articles. After the removal of duplicates, 894 articles were screened of which 31 finally met the inclusion criteria. Dimensions that were described by studies in the literature to have positive effects were preoperative patient optimisation, the usefulness of telemedicine to correctly diagnose a condition, conservative treatment, willingness to and feasibility for telemedicine in patients and doctors, and postoperative/post-trauma care improvement. The efficacy of telemedicine applications or interventions thereby strongly varied and seemed to depend on the exact study design and the research question addressed. Conclusion Various successful applications of telemedicine have already been reported in orthopaedics and trauma surgery, with a strong increase in scientific output during the COVID-19 years 2020–2021. Whether the advantages of such an approach will lead to a relevant implementation of telemedicine in everyday clinical practice should be monitored after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Reply to Paul R.B. Kozowyk: Interpreting the complexity of archaeological adhesives may lead to misconceptions about early humans
2023-02-07

Microbial communities are found throughout the biosphere, from human guts to glaciers, from soil to activated sludge. Understanding the statistical properties of such diverse communities can pave the way to elucidate the common mechanisms ...Multiple ecological forces act together to shape the composition of microbial communities. Phyloecology approaches—which combine phylogenetic relationships between species with community ecology—have the potential to disentangle such forces but are often ...
Mortars in context: An integrated study of mortars and plasters from the so‐called Ginnasio in Solunto (Sicily, Italy)
2023-02-07

Abstract This paper presents a multipronged scientific study of mortars and plasters of the so‐called Ginnasio in the Hellenistic–Roman city of Solunto (Sicily, Italy). A selection of 16 well‐contextualized samples was collected to represent different functions and building phases of this private house. The results show that a variety of locally available raw materials was used as aggregates and to produce binders. The diversity of raw materials’ sources and production techniques identified in this study reveals the advanced technological knowledge of the builders of Solunto, indicating a complex relationship between the settlement's cityscape and its surrounding landscape.
New constraints on decaying dark matter from INTEGRAL/SPI
2023-02-07

ABSTRACT Based on almost 20 yr of data collected by the high-resolution spectrometer SPI on board the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), we present constraints on a decaying dark matter particle undergoing a decay into two bodies, at least one of which is a photon, manifesting itself via a narrow line-like spectral feature. Our ON-OFF type analysis of the Milky Way observations allowed us to constrain the lifetime to be ≳1020−1021 yr for DM particles with masses . Within this mass range, our analysis also reveals 32 line-like features detected at ≥3σ significance, 29 of which coincide with known instrumental and astrophysical lines. In particular, we report on the detection of the electron-positron annihilation (511 keV) and 26Al (1809 keV) lines with spatial profiles consistent with previous results in the literature. For the particular case of the sterile neutrino DM, we report the limits on the mixing angle as a function of sterile neutrino mass. We discuss the dominant impact of systematic uncertainties connected to the strongly time-variable INTEGRAL/SPI instrumental background as well as the ones connected to the uncertainties of MW DM density profile measurements on the derived results.
The Legacy of Vaiṣṇavism in Colonial Bengal. Edited by Ferdinando Sardella and Lucian Wong
2023-02-07

A Bengali proverb says that there cannot be any song, without Kṛṣṇa (Kānu bine gān nāi). In a historical and cultural region that is so relevant for the study of Tantric Yogic traditions, Goddess cults, and South Asian Islam, even devotion to Śakti and the life of Prophet Muhammad are impregnated by Vaiṣṇava tropes and aesthetic sensibilities. The literary history of, and intellectual debates on the love of Rādhā and Kṛṣṇa in Bengal are not only indispensable to understand Kṛṣṇa bhakti in its transnational and global declensions, but also to appreciate their pervasive aesthetic and affective influence across regions and religions. For these and many other reasons, The Legacy of Vaiṣṇavism in Colonial Bengal, based on a 2015 workshop held at the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies, is a welcome contribution. It comprises eleven chapters discussing not only the complicated trajectories of Vaiṣṇavism in colonial Bengal, but also the legacy of colonialism in the taste and ethical regime of new Vaiṣṇava agents, communities, and institutions. The so-called revival of Vaiṣṇava devotionalism initiated by Caitanya (1486–1534) and his followers gave way to multiple religious orientations and contrasting interpretations. This edited volume does not give readers the illusion of a standardised phenomenon that might be unequivocally called Bengali Vaiṣṇavism. Rather, it takes into account a variety of textual traditions and life stories to include various Vaiṣṇavism-s, differently transmitted, practiced, and embodied by diverse communities. The introduction by Ferdinando Sardella and Lucian Wong suggests that much research in this area assumed that modern manifestations constitute a rupture from the precolonial past, induced by the influence of Western education and Christian ideas. They argue instead that pre-existing Hindu sampradayic currents continued to play significant roles throughout the colonial period. Therefore, providing us with a fruitful path for future research, they suggest that explorations of the legacy of sampradayic Hindu streams in colonial South Asia can offer a richer picture of religious life than that afforded by analyses that rely on the ‘Renaissance paradigm’ (pp. 5–6).
Entertainment vs. manipulation: Personalized human-robot interaction between user experience and ethical design
2023-02-08

A personalized human-robot interaction (HRI) can increase the acceptance of robots through positive effects on the user experience (UX), as well as the user’s attitude towards and perception of the robot. From an ethical perspective, however, personalized HRI poses certain risks with regard to autonomy and manipulation of the users. Taking the scenario of a personalized quizmaster robot as an example, this paper combines the user centered design of a personalized robot behavior with ethical design perspectives. Based on motivation strate gies of the robot quiz master, the paper assesses and generalizes which interaction behaviors may be ethically permissible and at the same time enjoyable, engaging and motivating. Balancing the two perspectives of UX and ethical design, we propose transferable recommendations for the design of personalized HRI based on the approach of cascading models of design.