julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Activity-based congestion management for fair bandwidth sharing in trusted packet networks
2016-04-01

Congestion management detects congestion in a network and resolves it, e.g., by dropping or marking packets. A challenge is to drop or mark the right packets if fair capacity sharing is desired, especially if a few heavy users monopolize the bandwidth, e.g., by opening many flows or using non-responsive transport protocols. To this end, we propose activity-based congestion management (ABC). Users are assigned reference rates and their traffic is equipped with activity information. The activity indicates by which factor the transmission rate of a user exceeds his reference rate. ABC leverages active queue management (AQM) in routers or switches and uses the packets' activity information to adapt the drop or mark probabilities of the AQM. ABC is scalable as switches do not require user states, multiple queues, or signalling. We investigated ABC by means of simulation under conditions where a heavy user wants to monopolize a bottleneck's bandwidth. ABC provides an ecosystem where users with non-responsive constant-bitrate (CBR) traffic can maximize their throughput on a congested bottleneck link by adapting their sending rate to their fair share induced by their reference rate. Users with responsive TCP traffic obtain approximately fair capacity shares. Moreover, ABC protectes TCP traffic when competing with traffic from CBR users. We investigate the impact of system parameters and give recommendations for configuration.
The German Inpatient Satisfaction Scale
2016-04-01

A patient satisfaction instrument that is based on a large, representative sample does not yet exist in the German language. The objective of this article was to fill this gap by providing initial validation evidence of the German Inpatient Satisfaction Scale as an instrument for German-speaking countries. We performed an exploratory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling in a cross-sectional design. The instrument was administered to N = 116,325 patients in hospitals in German-speaking countries. The overall response rates ranged from 63% to 98%. We found that a four-factor solution fit the data well. The four factors represented satisfaction with doctors’ care, nursing care, service facilities, and secondary care facilities. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from .72 to .90. The findings may be of practical interest for health care providers for measuring patient satisfaction.
Generalization of the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem to observers moving with respect to sources
2016-04-01

A new concept based on a passive spatio-temporal interferometry has been proposed as the newest generation of the well-known SMOS mission successfully operating since November 2, 2009 [1]. While existing missions fail to address the more and more demanding users' requirements in terms of spatial and radiometric resolutions, the aim of the proposed concept is an enhancement of the currently achieved geometric resolution to meet the stringent users' needs in specific local-scale hydrological applications where sub-kilometric resolutions are needed [2]. The new interferometric concept proposal is based on the idea of integrating the observer's motion, and hence the time variable, in the calculation of the visibility function. This yields the creation of virtual baselines, between the positions of different antennas at different instants, in addition to the physical ones formed between the instantaneous antennas' spatial positions. The visibility function as formulated using the standard form of the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem in existing satellite-based Earth observation with passive radiometers does not take into account the relative motion of the observer (the satellite antenna) with respect to sources of the electro-magnetic fields at the surface of the Earth. The inclusion of the observer/sources relative motion in the visibility function yields a pixel-dependence of the generated Doppler shift which is neglected in existing satellite-based passive radiometers. One may hope that these created virtual baselines engender additional information which, when combined with a classical spatial aperture synthesis, can be employed for a spatio-temporal aperture synthesis. A recent detailed study of the proposed concept yielded a generalization of the classical formulation of the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem to the case of moving observers with respect to the sources at the surface of the Earth [3]. This study leads to the remarkable conclusion that the additional information due to the observer motion is exactly cancelled by the linear Doppler effect. It allows on the one hand the generalization of the theorem to the case of moving observers with respect to sources and on the other hand the justification of the neglect of the Doppler effect in existing imaging systems based on the standard form of the theorem.
Morphological effects on formant movement in spontaneous speech
2016-04-01

In the present study we investigate the role of morphology in the production of vowel formant movement and centralization. Our data consist of 74 monosyllabic irregular English verbs (6028 tokens) that differ between their present/past tense forms on a single vowel (e.g., sing/sang). For each vowel, we measured F1 and F2 contours and Euclidean distances from speakers’ vowel space centres (measured at the vowel midpoint). A generalized additive model of the formant trajectories and a linear mixed effects regression model of the vowel centralization distances were created comparing two morphological predictors: verb tense (past or present), and paradigmatic support for the vowel. Paradigmatic support was measured using naïve discriminative learning as a metric which determined the association strength between a vowel and tense. A strong association with the past tense is evidence for greater paradigmatic support (i.e., it is more discriminating) while a vowel strongly associated with the present tense has low support. Our results indicate that the morphological predictors have an overall effect on formant movement (both in the past tense and with low paradigmatic support) and vowel centralization. However, the morphological effects differ between individual vowels.
Technological Innovation and Nationalistic Discourse in Late Nineteenth‐Century Japan: The Incandescent Lamp and Perceived Challenges to Ethnic‐National Identity
2016-04-01

Abstract The ambivalence between Westernization and nationalism is a major theme in modern Japanese history, the Meiji period (1868–1912) ranks as one of its most exhilarating epochs. For the government's major policies at the beginning of this new era, ‘revival’ and ‘progress’ were two sides of the same coin – the first was a principle for the country's new internal organization based on the spirit of ancient mysticism involving the reverential evocation of imperial ancestors of an ‘unbroken’ line reaching all the way to the Japanese kami or deities, whereas the other was a policy for adopting external culture in the spirit of modern pragmatism. In every respect, the early Meiji years were a time of rapid and major transformations.
Impact of multicomponent ionic transport on pH fronts propagation in saturated porous media
2016-04-01

We investigate the propagation of pH fronts during multicomponent ionic transport in saturated porous media under flow-through conditions. By performing laboratory bench-scale experiments combined with numerical modeling, we show the important influence of Coulombic effects on proton transport in the presence of ionic admixtures. The experiments were performed in a quasi two-dimensional flow-through setup under steady-state flow and transport conditions. Dilute solutions of hydrochloric acid with MgCl2 (1:2 strong electrolyte) were used as tracer solutions to experimentally test the effect of electrochemical cross coupling on the migration of diffusive/dispersive pH fronts. We focus on two experimental scenarios, with different composition of tracer solutions, causing remarkably different effects on the propagation of the acidic fronts with relative differences in the penetration depth of pH fronts of 36% between the two scenarios and of 25% and 15% for each scenario with respect to the transport of ions at liberated state (i.e., without considering the charge effects). Also differences in the dilution of the distinct ions plumes up to 28% and 45% in experiment 1 and 2, respectively, were measured at the outflow of the flow-through system. The dilution of the pH plumes also changed considerably (26% relative difference) in the two flow-through experiments only due to the different composition of the pore water solution and to the electrostatic coupling of the ions in the flow-through setups. Numerical transport simulations were performed to interpret the laboratory experiments. The simulations were based on a multicomponent ionic formulation accurately capturing the Coulombic interactions between the transported ions in the flow-through system. The results of purely forward simulations show a very good agreement with the high-resolution measurements performed at the outlet of the flow-through setup and confirms the importance of charge effects on pH transport in porous media.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Routes to the Acylphloroglucinol Rhodomyrtone.
2016-04-01

ChemInformVolume 47, Issue 20 Natural Products ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Routes to the Acylphloroglucinol Rhodomyrtone. Marius Morkunas, Marius Morkunas Inst. Org. Chem., Eberhard-Karls-Univ., D-72076 Tuebingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorMartin E. Maier, Martin E. Maier Inst. Org. Chem., Eberhard-Karls-Univ., D-72076 Tuebingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Marius Morkunas, Marius Morkunas Inst. Org. Chem., Eberhard-Karls-Univ., D-72076 Tuebingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorMartin E. Maier, Martin E. Maier Inst. Org. Chem., Eberhard-Karls-Univ., D-72076 Tuebingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 27 April 2016 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201620212Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue20April, 2016 RelatedInformation
The Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (AE‐QoL) – assessment of sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference
2016-04-02

Abstract Background The Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire ( AE ‐QoL) has recently been developed and validated as the first specific patient‐reported outcome tool to assess quality of life (QoL) impairment in recurrent angioedema patients. As of yet, its sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference ( MCID ) have not been established. Methods Recurrent angioedema patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria or hereditary angioedema were repeatedly asked to complete the AE ‐QoL along with the SF ‐12 and other anchors for QoL impairment and disease activity during routine care visits. The sensitivity to change of AE ‐QoL was determined by correlating changes in its scores over time with changes in the applied anchors. In addition, the MCID was determined using anchor‐based and distributional criterion‐based approaches. Results Two hundred and seventy‐eight patients contributed data sets for analysis. Baseline AE ‐QoL values were found to correlate well with SF ‐12 results as well as all other applied anchors for angioedema‐related QoL impairment and disease activity. In addition, AE ‐QoL score changes over time correlated significantly with changes in the above anchors, thus demonstrating its sensitivity to change. The MCID of the AE ‐QoL total score was found to be six points. Conclusion The AE ‐QoL is a valuable tool to assess changes of QoL impairment in recurrent angioedema patients over time, including changes due to treatment.
Effects of Androgen and Estrogen Receptor Signaling Pathways on Bladder Cancer Initiation and Progression
2016-04-02

Epidemiologic studies have long demonstrated clear differences in incidence and progression of bladder cancer between genders suggesting that the mechanisms of development and progression in these tumors have a strong association with steroid hormonal pathways. Such observations led to preclinical studies investigating the role of androgen and estrogen receptors, as well as their cognate hormones in bladder cancer initiation and progression. Using various in vitro cell line assays and in vivo mouse models, studies have elucidated different mechanisms and signaling pathways through which these steroid receptors may participate in this disease. More recently, RNA expression data from multiple studies revealed a luminal subtype of bladder cancer that exhibited an estrogen receptor signaling pathway, making it a strong candidate for further consideration of targeted therapies in the future. Despite the promising preclinical data demonstrating potential roles for both antiandrogen and antiestrogen strategies targeting these pathways in different stages of bladder cancer, only two clinical trials are currently active and accruing patients for such clinical studies. Targeted therapies in bladder cancer are a large unmet need and have the potential to change treatment paradigms and improve oncological outcomes of patients with bladder cancer.
The Impact of Blue Light Cystoscopy with Hexaminolevulinate (HAL) on Progression of Bladder Cancer – A New Analysis
2016-04-02

Background: The International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG) recently proposed a new definition of disease progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), including change in T-stage, change to T2 or higher or change from low to high grade. Objective: To establish whether blue light cystoscopy with hexaminolevulinate (HAL) impacts the rate of progression and time to progression using the revised definition. Methods: An earlier long-term follow-up of a controlled Phase III study reported outcomes following blue light cystoscopy with HAL (255 patients) or white light (WL) cystoscopy (261 patients) in NMIBC patients. The data was re-analysed according to the new definition. Results: In the original analysis, after 4.5 years (median), eight HAL and 16 WL patients were deemed to have progressed (transition from NMIBC to muscle invasive bladder cancer, (T2-4)). According to the new definition, additional patients in both groups were found to have progressed: 31 (12.2%) HAL vs 46 (17.6%) WL ( p = 0.085) with four (1.6%) HAL and 11 (4.2%) WL patients progressing from Ta to CIS. Time to progression was longer in the HAL group ( p = 0.05). Conclusions: Applying the new IBCG definition there was a trend towards a lower rate of progression in HAL patients, particularly in those progressing from Ta to CIS. Time to progression was significantly prolonged. This suggests that patients should receive blue light cystoscopy with HAL rather than WL at resection. Adoption of the new definition could allow more patients at risk of progression to be treated appropriately earlier.
Sex differences in the functional connectivity of the amygdalae in association with cortisol
2016-04-03

Human amygdalae are involved in various behavioral functions such as affective and stress processing. For these behavioral functions, as well as for psychophysiological arousal including cortisol release, sex differences are reported. Here, we assessed cortisol levels and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of left and right amygdalae in 81 healthy participants (42 women) to investigate potential modulation of amygdala rsFC by sex and cortisol concentration. Our analyses revealed that rsFC of the left amygdala significantly differed between women and men: Women showed stronger rsFC than men between the left amygdala and left middle temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus and hippocampus, regions involved in face processing, inner-speech, fear and pain processing. No stronger connections were detected for men and no sex difference emerged for right amygdala rsFC. Also, an interaction of sex and cortisol appeared: In women, cortisol was negatively associated with rsFC of the amygdalae with striatal regions, mid-orbital frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, middle and superior frontal gyri, supplementary motor area and the parietal-occipital sulcus. Contrarily in men, positive associations of cortisol with rsFC of the left amygdala and these structures were observed. Functional decoding analyses revealed an association of the amygdalae and these regions with emotion, reward and memory processing, as well as action execution. Our results suggest that functional connectivity of the amygdalae as well as the regulatory effect of cortisol on brain networks differs between women and men. These sex-differences and the mediating and sex-dependent effect of cortisol on brain communication systems should be taken into account in affective and stress-related neuroimaging research. Thus, more studies including both sexes are required.
mTORC2 critically regulates renal potassium handling
2016-04-03

The mTOR pathway orchestrates cellular homeostasis. The rapamycin-sensitive mTOR complex (mTORC1) in the kidney has been widely studied; however, mTORC2 function in renal tubules is poorly characterized. Here, we generated mice lacking mTORC2 in the distal tubule (Rictorfl/fl Ksp-Cre mice), which were viable and had no obvious phenotype, except for a 2.5-fold increase in plasma aldosterone. Challenged with a low-Na+ diet, these mice adequately reduced Na+ excretion; however, Rictorfl/fl Ksp-Cre mice rapidly developed hyperkalemia on a high-K+ diet, despite a 10-fold increase in serum aldosterone levels, implying that mTORC2 regulates kaliuresis. Phosphorylation of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) and PKC-α was absent in Rictorfl/fl Ksp-Cre mice, indicating a functional block in K+ secretion activation via ROMK channels. Indeed, patch-clamp experiments on split-open tubular segments from the transition zone of the late connecting tubule and early cortical collecting duct demonstrated that Ba2+-sensitive apical K+ currents were barely detectable in the majority of Rictorfl/fl Ksp-Cre mice. Conversely, epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity was largely preserved, suggesting that the reduced ability to maintain K+ homeostasis is the result of impaired apical K+ conductance and not a reduced electrical driving force for K+ secretion. Thus, these data unravel a vital and nonredundant role of mTORC2 for distal tubular K+ handling.
DNA repair pathways underlie a common genetic mechanism modulating onset in polyglutamine diseases
2016-04-04

Objective The polyglutamine diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD) and multiple spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), are among the commonest hereditary neurodegenerative diseases. They are caused by expanded CAG tracts, encoding glutamine, in different genes. Longer CAG repeat tracts are associated with earlier ages at onset, but this does not account for all of the difference, and the existence of additional genetic modifying factors has been suggested in these diseases. A recent genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in HD found association between age at onset and genetic variants in DNA repair pathways, and we therefore tested whether the modifying effects of variants in DNA repair genes have wider effects in the polyglutamine diseases. Methods We assembled an independent cohort of 1,462 subjects with HD and polyglutamine SCAs, and genotyped single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the most significant hits in the HD study. Results In the analysis of DNA repair genes as a group, we found the most significant association with age at onset when grouping all polyglutamine diseases (HD+SCAs; p = 1.43 × 10 –5 ). In individual SNP analysis, we found significant associations for rs3512 in FAN1 with HD+SCAs ( p = 1.52 × 10 –5 ) and all SCAs ( p = 2.22 × 10 –4 ) and rs1805323 in PMS2 with HD+SCAs ( p = 3.14 × 10 –5 ), all in the same direction as in the HD GWAS. Interpretation We show that DNA repair genes significantly modify age at onset in HD and SCAs, suggesting a common pathogenic mechanism, which could operate through the observed somatic expansion of repeats that can be modulated by genetic manipulation of DNA repair in disease models. This offers novel therapeutic opportunities in multiple diseases. Ann Neurol 2016;79:983–990
Presenteeism in the elite sports workplace: The willingness to compete hurt among German elite handball and track and field athletes
2016-04-04

Playing hurt is a widespread phenomenon in elite sports that often goes along with using painkillers, disregarding medical guidelines, and hiding pain from coaches, teammates and medical staff. This paper theoretically conceptualizes the phenomenon of playing hurt as a sport-specific sickness presenteeism problem. To empirically analyse the willingness to play hurt, we refer to survey data from 723 elite German athletes, both male and female, in the sports of handball and track and field. Factor analysis, cluster analysis and binary logistic regression analysis are applied to reveal the athletes’ cognitive representation of absence legitimacy and to identify athlete groups with varying levels of willingness to compete hurt. Our results show that subtle distinctions are made between different kinds of health problems. In particular, there is a high willingness to compete despite psychosocial complaints. Cluster analysis reveals two clusters: ‘athletes conditionally willing to rest’ and ‘rest-averse and pain-trivializing athletes’. Athletes who perceive more social pressure to compete hurt, who have a higher performance level and who participate in handball, are more likely to be in the group of rest-averse and pain-trivializing athletes. The findings enhance our understanding of presenteeism and absenteeism in a highly competitive work context, and can contribute to the development of more target-group-specific health prevention programmes for athletes.
Efficient implementation of the parquet equations: Role of the reducible vertex function and its kernel approximation
2016-04-04

We present an efficient implementation of the parquet formalism which respects the asymptotic structure of the vertex functions at both single- and two-particle levels in momentum- and frequency-space. We identify the two-particle reducible vertex as the core function which is essential for the construction of the other vertex functions. This observation stimulates us to consider a two-level parameter-reduction for this function to simplify the solution of the parquet equations. The resulting functions, which depend on fewer arguments, are coined "kernel functions". With the use of the "kernel functions", the open boundary of various vertex functions in the Matsubara-frequency space can be faithfully satisfied. We justify our implementation by accurately reproducing the dynamical mean-field theory results from momentum-independent parquet calculations. The high-frequency asymptotics of the single-particle self-energy and the two-particle vertex are correctly reproduced, which turns out to be essential for the self-consistent determination of the parquet solutions. The current implementation is also feasible for the dynamical vertex approximation.