julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Abrasive cytohistology of squamous epithelial lesions
2018-01-01

Objective: To describe a method to retrieve cellular and tissue elements of oral squamous epithelium obtained by abrasive methods and to conduct investigations by cytohistology. Method: We developed a special gelatine pocket suitable for paraffin embedding of sparse material obtained from brush biopsies (BBs). This was subjected to combined evaluation of a cytological (smear) and histological examination of the ‘tissue sections’ – referred as cytohistology. Four diagnostic categories were applied for evaluation. Other special diagnostic methods were also applied in addition to recording dysplasia. Results: A total of 51, 755 BBs from suspicious lesions of the oral mucosa (mostly oral potentially malignant disorders – OPMD) were evaluated for the presence of carcinoma or dysplasia; in all, 1.7% were positive, 78.2% were negative for any epithelial atypia, 16.8% atypical and 3.3% inadequate. All BBs also had cytohistological evaluation. A ‘positive’ diagnosis by cytohistology was a reliable indicator of dysplasia or carcinoma, requiring further incisional/excisional biopsy. In the ‘atypical’ category, a variety of lesions were found, about half being dysplasia or carcinoma. This category challenges the clinician for further clinical, therapeutic and/or excisional examination. In ‘negative’ cases with persistence of the lesion, a re-examination in 1-year sequence is recommended. Conclusion: Cytohistology of material derived by abrasive methods allows earlier detection of dysplasia/carcinoma. A number of additional oncological and non-oncological findings make this method a valuable non-invasive diagnostic procedure for oral mucosal lesions.
Validation of a Nomogram Predicting Non-Sentinel Lymph Node Metastases among Patients with Breast Cancer after Primary Systemic Therapy - a transSENTINA Substudy
2018-01-01

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Prediction of non-sentinel lymph node (SLN) status after primary systemic therapy (PST) may allow tailored axillary staging. The aim of this analysis was to compare established nomograms from i) the primary operative (n = 6) and ii) the neoadjuvant (n = 1) setting with an optimized nomogram to predict non-SLN status in patients after PST. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; 181 patients converting from cN1 prior to PST to ycN0 but found to have a histologically positive SLN in the SENTINA trial were analyzed. Established models were applied. An optimized model was compiled using univariate and subsequent multivariable logistic regression (backward selection, likelihood ratio test). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Area-under-the-curve (AUC) values from the primary operative models showed sufficient performance (0.82-0.71). For the neoadjuvant model, the AUC was found to be inferior to prior analyses (0.66) but within published confidence intervals. The SENTINA nomogram comprised the diameter of the largest lymph node (p = 0.006, odds ratio (OR) = 1.19), tumor size prior to PST (p = 0.085, OR = 1.31), and number of all positive SLN (p = 0.083, OR = 2.04). This model was validated using a separate cohort of arm C (n = 168, AUC 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.74-0.85). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We validated 7 models of prediction of non-SLN among patients showing axillary conversion through PST. Our own ‘SENTINA nomogram' yielded AUC values comparable to previous nomograms.
Adverse events in vaccinations for travelers – a 1-year prospective survey in a travel clinic in Germany
2018-01-01

Single and simultaneous vaccinations were overall well tolerated. AE were reported more frequently with rabies vaccinations in single vaccinations. Increased numbers of simultaneous vaccinations led to some incremental AE but not to more severe AE. Simultaneous vaccinations should be encouraged to reduce missed opportunities for immunizations.
analysis of the semantic variability of weak adjuncts and its problems
2018-01-01

This paper addresses the question of how to account for the semantic variability ofweak free adjuncts. Weak free adjuncts are non-clausal adjuncts that associate with an argumentof the main predicate, contribute propositional content, and can interact with temporalor modal operators, which leads to different, adverbial-clause-like interpretations. I focus on aspecific type of weak adjuncts, non-clausal as-phrases, and propose a unified semantic analysisfor the full range of interpretational possibilities that takes into account the interpretational contingencyon different syntactic positions. I show that this analysis improves on Stump’s (1985)original analysis of weak adjuncts. I then go on to discuss the limitations of both Stump’s accountand the unified account. Both accounts fail to capture that the interaction of weak adjunctswith modal operators underlies certain restrictions on the properties of the modal operators—anobservation that has not been discussed in the literature so far.Keywords: weak free adjuncts, semantic variability, as-phrases, temporal/modal operators.
Shedding Light on Hexaquarks
2018-01-01

Several new findings in the four, five and six quark systems reheat the interest in the field of multiquark states (beyond the trivial [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). A lot of progress has recently been made in the 6q sector, on both the theoretical and experimental side. A resonance like structure observed in double-pionic fusion to the deuteron, at M = 2.38 GeV with [Formula: see text] = 70 MeV and [Formula: see text] has been consistently observed in a wealth of reaction channels, supporting the existence of a resonant dibaryon state - the [Formula: see text]. These studies include measurement of all the principle strong decay channels in pn collisions in the quasifree mode by the WASA-at-COSY and HADES collaborations. The internal structure of the [Formula: see text] is largely unknown. It can contain various ”hidden color” 6q configurations, [Formula: see text] molecular states with angular momentum L = 0,2,4,6 as well as meson-assisted dressed dibaryon structures. The large set of experimental data obtained to date gives some constraints on the internal structure of the [Formula: see text] dibaryon, but does not settle the issue. The [Formula: see text] is the only multiquark state which can be produced copiously at current facilities, offering unique access to information beyond its basic quantum numbers, particularly its physical size and internal structure.
Design and Baseline Characteristics of the HELP Study: An Extended and Long-Term Observation of Pathological Myopia in Caucasians
2018-01-01

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Purpose:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; To assess the natural disease progression of high myopia in Caucasians considered at risk for the development of myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Subjects were recruited in 25 clinical sites between June 2014 and June 2016. Main inclusion criteria included axial length of ≥26 mm, best-corrected visual acuity ≥0.05 decimal equivalent and presence of at least one out of five predefined morphological disease risk criteria. These were (1) subfoveal choroidal thinning &amp;#x3c; 50 μm, (2) enhanced choroidal curvature length &amp;#x3e; 6,300 μm, (3) lacquer cracks, (4) patchy atrophy &amp;#x3e; 5 mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and (5) preexisting mCNV in the fellow eye (German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00007761). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A total of 150 participants (66% females) with a mean age of 57.2 (±12.7) years (range 21.9–86.2 years) were included. The disease criteria most frequently encountered were choroidal thinning (33.3%) and lacquer cracks (32.7%). Enhanced choroidal curvature length was detected in only 8 subjects and always occurred in combination with other disease criteria. Presence of patchy atrophy was found to be more common in older subjects (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0012) and also associated with a more severe disease manifestation. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The baseline data of this study indicate that enhanced choroidal curvature might be less common in Caucasians than in Asian populations. Further, disease severity in patients with high myopia is relatively high in the presence of patchy atrophy.
Application of Calorimetric Low-Temperature Detectors for the Investigation of Z-Yield Distributions of Fission Fragments
2018-01-01

In recent experiments, the new concept of calorimetric low-temperature detectors (CLTDs) was applied for the first time for the investigation of isotopic yields of fission fragments. Fragments from neutron-induced fission sources were mass-separated by the LOHENGRIN spectrometer at the ILL Grenoble and, after passing silicon nitride membranes used as degraders, detected in a CLTD array. The new detector concept of a thermal detector provides a fundamental advantage over conventional ionization-mediated detectors, in particular for heavier particle masses at low energies. Using fissile targets of 235 U, 239 Pu and 241 Pu, nuclear-charge separation was studied in the mass region 82 ≤ A ≤ 139. For light fragments, the Z resolution matches historically best values with conventional techniques, while for heavier masses substantial improvement was attained. We have gained first LOHENGRIN data on the isotopic yields in the light-mass group of 241 Pu. Towards mass-symmetry, known Z-yield data were supplemented in the range A = 110 to 113 for 241 Pu and 239 Pu. Extended data sets were cumulated for A = 92 and 96 due to a recent request from studies on the reactor anti-neutrino spectrum. Furthermore, considerable progress was achieved to extend isotopic yield measurements up to the heavy-mass region, hardly accessible until now.
Shapeshifters in Medieval North Atlantic Literature
2018-01-01

Representations of shapeshifters are prominent in medieval culture and they are particularly abundant in the vernacular literatures of the societies around the North Sea. Some of the figures in these stories remain well known in later folklore and often even in modern media, such as werewolves, dragons, berserkir and bird-maidens. Incorporating studies about Old English, Norse, Latin, Irish, and Welsh literature, this collection of essays marks an important new contribution to the study of medieval shapeshifters. Each essay highlights how shapeshifting cannot be studied in isolation, but intersects with many other topics, such as the supernatural, monstrosity, animality, gender and identity. Contributors to Shapeshifters in Medieval North Atlantic Literature come from different intellectual traditions, embracing a multidisciplinary approach combining influences from literary criticism, history, philology, and anthropology.
Human-like Prototypes for Psychologically Inspired Knowledge Representation
2018-01-01

We evaluate human grouping of everyday objects for a psychologically inspired knowledge representation based on prototype theory, named prototype-based knowledge representation (ProKRep). Our overall aim is to develop a knowledge representation system that one day could be used by kitchen robots. We conducted a study in which participants had to sort different kitchen objects into a digital kitchen. We chose a kitchen as a use case, since people have to tidy up dishes every day. We identified object groups whenever at least half of the participants put two items on the same shelf. Out of these categories we calculated the respective prototype. We then tested the similarities of all categories to all prototypes, which turned out to be reasonable.
Digital Data and Tools in Archaeology: The ROCEEH Out of Africa Database (ROAD)
2018-01-01

The ROCEEH Out of Africa Database (ROAD) is a multidisciplinary database with archaeological and paleobiological content. It was developed to support the interdisciplinary research project âThe Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humansâ (ROCEEH), whose main aim is to study the cultural aspects of human expansions over the last three million years. The concept of the database is to bring together archaeological, paleoanthropological and paleoenvironmental content to allow quantitative and statistical analysis of the information stored. The data entered into ROAD include new results produced by researchers involved in the project, as well as published data from previous excavations. The data rely on a standardized vocabulary that is applied across the project and its publications; the data can be retrieved from the database in tabular form or using SQL queries. In addition to the archaeological and paleobiological information, ROAD contains spatial data (e.g., vector and raster data), generated by ROCEEH and other projects. One important part of ROAD is its web-based application, which allows the user to easily insert, update, review, query, export, visualize and analyse data.
Predictive ability of a comprehensive incremental test in mountain bike marathon
2018-01-01

Objectives Traditional performance tests in mountain bike marathon (XCM) primarily quantify aerobic metabolism and may not describe the relevant capacities in XCM. We aimed to validate a comprehensive test protocol quantifying its intermittent demands. Methods Forty-nine athletes (38.8±9.1 years; 38 male; 11 female) performed a laboratory performance test, including an incremental test, to determine individual anaerobic threshold (IAT), peak power output (PPO) and three maximal efforts (10 s all-out sprint, 1 min maximal effort and 5 min maximal effort). Within 2 weeks, the athletes participated in one of three XCM races (n=15, n=9 and n=25). Correlations between test variables and race times were calculated separately. In addition, multiple regression models of the predictive value of laboratory outcomes were calculated for race 3 and across all races (z-transformed data). Results All variables were correlated with race times 1, 2 and 3: 10 s all-out sprint (r=−0.72; r=−0.59; r=−0.61), 1 min maximal effort (r=−0.85; r=−0.84; r=−0.82), 5 min maximal effort (r=−0.57; r=−0.85; r=−0.76), PPO (r=−0.77; r=−0.73; r=−0.76) and IAT (r=−0.71; r=−0.67; r=−0.68). The best-fitting multiple regression models for race 3 (r 2 =0.868) and across all races (r 2 =0.757) comprised 1 min maximal effort, IAT and body weight. Conclusion Aerobic and intermittent variables correlated least strongly with race times. Their use in a multiple regression model confirmed additional explanatory power to predict XCM performance. These findings underline the usefulness of the comprehensive incremental test to predict performance in that sport more precisely.
Synthesis, X-ray diffraction study and pharmacological evaluation of 3-amino-4-methylthiophene-2-acylcarbohydrazones
2018-01-01

N-acylhydrazone is an interesting privileged structure that has been used in the molecular design of a myriad of bioactive compounds. In order to identify new antinociceptive drug candidates, we described herein the design, synthesis, X-ray diffraction study and the pharmacological evaluation of a series of 3-amino-4-methylthiophene-2-acylcarbohydrazone derivatives (8a-t). Compounds were prepared in good overall yields through divergent synthesis from a common key intermediate and were characterized by classical spectroscopy methods. X-ray diffraction study was employed for unequivocal determination of the imine double bond stereochemistry. 8a-t were evaluated in vivo through oral administration using the classical writhing test in mice. N-acylhydrazone derivatives 8j and 8l displayed relative potency similar to dipyrone, highlighting them as promising analgesic lead-candidates for further investigation.
Metabolic and densitometric correlation between atherosclerotic plaque and trabecular bone: an 18F-Natrium-Fluoride PET/CT study.
2018-01-01

Increasing evidence links atherosclerosis to a decreased bone thickness. This correlation could reflect a bone/plaque interaction. Hereby we analyzed Hounsfield density (HU) and mineral turnover in bone and in the arterial calcifications (AC), using a computational method applied to PET/CT data. 79 <sup>18</sup>F-NaF PET/CT from patients with AC were retrospectively analyzed. Mean AC density and background-corrected uptake (TBR) were estimated after semi-automatic isocontour segmentation. The same values were assessed in the trabecular bone, using an automatic adaptive thresholding method. Patients were then stratified into terciles, according to their mean HU plaque density ("light", "medium" or "heavy" calcifications"). 35 <sup>18</sup>F-NaF PET/CT from patients without AC served as controls. Vertebral density and TBR were lower in patients than in controls (137±25 vs. 160±14 HU, P<0.001); (6.2±3.9 vs. 8.4±3.4, P<0.05). Mean trabecular TBR values were 8.3±4, 4.5±2.1 and 3.5±1.8 in light, medium and heavy AC groups, respectively (P<0.05 for light vs. medium and P<0.01 for light vs. heavy). Similarly, mean trabecular HU was 143±19, 127±26 and 119±18 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.01 for light vs. heavy). Mean AC density was inversely associated with the trabecular HU (R=-0.56, P<0.01). Conversely, plaques' TBR directly correlated with the one in trabecular bone (R=0.63, P<0.001). At multivariate analysis, the sole predictor of vertebral density was plaque HU (P<0.05). Our data highlight a correlation between plaque and bone morpho-functional parameters and suggest that observing skeletal bone characteristics could represent a novel window on atherosclerosis pathophysiology.
Modeling Across-Trial Variability in the Wald Drift Rate Parameter
2018-01-01

The shifted-Wald model is a popular analysis tool for one-choice reaction time tasks. In its simplest version, the shifted-Wald model assumes a constant trial-independent drift rate parameter. However, the presence of endogenous processes –fluctuation in attention and motivation, fatigue and boredom– suggest that drift rate might vary across experimental trials. Here we show how across-trial variability in drift rate can be accounted for byassuming a trial-specific drift rate parameter that is governed by a positive valued distribution.
Sleep to be social: The critical role of sleep and memory for social interaction
2018-01-01

Abstract Humans are highly social animals who critically need to remember information from social episodes in order to successfully navigate future social interactions. We propose that such episodic memories about social encounters are processed during sleep, following the learning experience, with sleep abstracting and consolidating social gist knowledge (e.g., beliefs, first impressions, or stereotypes) about others that supports relationships and interpersonal communication.
Dualizing Generalized Algebraic Data Types by Matrix Transposition
2018-01-01

We characterize the relation between generalized algebraic datatypes (GADTs) with pattern matching on their constructors one hand, and generalized algebraic co-datatypes (GAcoDTs) with copattern matching on their destructors on the other hand: GADTs can be converted mechanically to GAcoDTs by refunctionalization, GAcoDTs can be converted mechanically to GADTs by defunctionalization, and both defunctionalization and refunctionalization correspond to a transposition of the matrix in which the equations for each constructor/destructor pair of the (co-)datatype are organized. We have defined a calculus, , which unifies GADTs and GAcoDTs in such a way that GADTs and GAcoDTs are merely different ways to partition the program. We have formalized the type system and operational semantics of in the Coq proof assistant and have mechanically verified the following results: (1) The type system of is sound, (2) defunctionalization and refunctionalization can translate GADTs to GAcoDTs and back, (3) both transformations are type- and semantics-preserving and are inverses of each other, (4) (co-)datatypes can be represented by matrices in such a way the aforementioned transformations correspond to matrix transposition, (5) GADTs are extensible in an exactly dual way to GAcoDTs; we thereby clarify folklore knowledge about the “expression problem”. We believe that the identification of this relationship can guide future language design of “dual features” for data and codata.
Dynamic nuclear envelope phenotype in rats overexpressing mutated human torsinA protein
2018-01-01

A three-base-pair deletion in the human TOR1A gene is causative for the most common form of primary dystonia, the early-onset dystonia type 1 (DYT1 dystonia). The pathophysiological consequences of this mutation are still unknown. To study the pathology of the mutant torsinA (TOR1A) protein, we have generated a transgenic rat line that overexpresses the human mutant protein under the control of the human TOR1A promoter. This new animal model was phenotyped with several approaches, including behavioral tests and neuropathological analyses. A motor phenotype and cellular and ultrastructural key features of torsinA pathology were found in this new transgenic rat line supporting that it can be used as a model system for investigating the disease development. Analyses of mutant TOR1A protein expression in various brain regions also showed a dynamic expression pattern and a reversible nuclear envelope pathology. These findings suggest the differential vulnerabilities of distinct neuronal subpopulations. Furthermore the reversibility of the nuclear envelope pathology might be a therapeutic target to treat the disease.
Shells, Anti-Shells and Modes in nuclear Fission
2018-01-01

Fission phenomena are surveyed where fragment properties are catching the eye. Beyond the Liquid Drop the relevant properties of fragments are shell effects and nuclear pairing. Shell effects influence on mass, charge, stability and deformability of fragments. Most often only the stabilizing effects of shells are discussed and the equally frequent destabilizing effects are not mentioned. For the present purpose the terms shells and anti-shells are used in case of stabilizing and destabilizing effects, respectively. Fragment shells and anti-shells lead to fission modes with characteristic properties. A special issue is where in the course of fission these modes assume their characteristic features. Surprisingly fragment angular distributions in above- and sub-barrier fission help elucidating this question. The discussion is focussed on fission in the standard actinides.
"Painting cows" from a type-logical perspective
2018-01-01

Depiction verbs such as paint license i(mage)- and p(ortrait)-readings; for instance,Ben painted a cow can convey that Ben produced an image of an unspecific cow or a portrait ofa specific cow. This paper takes issue with a property-based intensional analysis of depictionverbs (Zimmermann, 2006b, 2016) and instead argues for an extensional account. Accordingly,the i-reading is rooted in the introduction of worldly representations by the explicit noun cowas such, whereas the p-reading is rooted in the interpolation of an implicit representation viacoercion. This take on the ambiguity captures the following key traits. On i-readings, only representationsare accessible to quantifiers and anaphors; moreover, intensional effects such assubstitution failure disappear once ordinary objects and representations are adequately distinguished.P-readings, by contrast, involve representations that depend on the portrayed ordinaryobjects as particulars; correspondingly, only ordinary objects are accessible to quantifiers andanaphors. The proposal is spelled out in Asher’s (2011) Type Composition Logic.Keywords: depiction verbs, visual representations, intensional transitives, coercion, TypeComposition Logic.