julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Effect of Individual Weight-Bearing on Tibial Load and Fracture Healing after Tibial Plateau Fractures – Introduction of a Biomechanical Simulation Model
2025-05-22

<title>Abstract</title> <italic>Purpose</italic> The prescribed amount of weight-bearing after tibial plateau fractures is controversial because it affects osteosynthetic construct stability and fracture healing. We aim to introduce a simulation model that adequately predicts the effects of different weight-bearing amounts on stability and healing, based on the patient’s individual fracture pattern and treatment construct. <italic>Methods</italic> To safely test different amounts of weight-bearing limits, we first extracted knee joint forces for different weight-bearing limits from musculoskeletal simulation based on monitoring data of 22 uninjured participants. Correct loading was ensured with a force-measuring insole. We then tested three patients after tibial plateau fracture with their current weight-bearing level and constructed a simulation model determining implant stress, knee joint force, and fracture gap interfragmentary strain. The patient-specific weight-bearing level was then substituted for weight-normalized uninjured participant data to test different weight-bearing levels in the simulation model. <italic>Results</italic> The simulation model calculated individual construct stiffness and interfragmentary strain at different weight-bearing levels following the clinical course. When comparing the patient's individual weight-bearing input with the weight-normalized input of the uninjured participants at the same level, comparable knee joint forces were extracted, showing the feasibility of this approach. <italic>Conclusion</italic> Using an adapted reference movement database, the model allows the determination of safe weight-bearing ranges concerning construct stability and fracture healing based on individual fracture morphology and treatment without exposing patients to excessive weight-bearing. Future studies can test this approach in more extensive patient-number studies and different treatment situations.
Histologic Ex Vivo Validation of the [18F]SITATE Somatostatin Receptor PET Tracer
2025-05-22

Radiolabeled somatostatin analogs (SSAs), such as [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-DOTA SSAs, have transformed imaging and therapeutic strategies. However, their use is constrained by the high cost of generators and their short half-life. In contrast, [<sup>18</sup>F]SITATE presents a promising alternative, offering the advantage of a longer half-life than <sup>68</sup>Ga, along with the cost-effectiveness of cyclotron-based production. This study evaluated the first histologic ex vivo validation of [<sup>18</sup>F]SITATE. <b>Methods:</b> This study retrospectively included 47 patients (57% male; mean age, 66.9 ± 14.9 y) with histologically confirmed well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms who underwent [<sup>18</sup>F]SITATE PET followed by surgery within 4 mo. Lesion uptake was quantified using SUV<sub>mean</sub>, SUV<sub>peak</sub>, SUV<sub>max</sub>, and tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR). Histologic somatostatin receptor (SSTR) type 2 expression was determined using histological scores (H-scores), with thresholds defining SSTR scores 1-3. The accuracy of PET imaging for preoperative metastatic detection was evaluated against surgical histology. <b>Results:</b> PET imaging demonstrated a significant correlation between [<sup>18</sup>F]SITATE uptake (SUV<sub>mean</sub> and TLR) and SSTR type 2 H-scores (<i>r</i> = 0.618 and 0.622, respectively; <i>P</i> < 0.0001). SSTR score 3 correlated with increased SUV<sub>mean</sub> and TLR (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Among 35 patients with primary resection and lymphadenectomy, PET achieved a sensitivity of 73.9% and specificity of 100%. <b>Conclusion:</b> [<sup>18</sup>F]SITATE PET imaging strongly correlates with histologic SSTR expression, demonstrating utility in staging and guiding therapeutic decisions in neuroendocrine neoplasms. This <sup>18</sup>F-labeled tracer shows specificity comparable to historical [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-DOTA SSA data, whereas an increase in sensitivity for the detection of locoregional metastases appears possible. Further head-to-head comparisons of [<sup>18</sup>F]SITATE with traditional [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-DOTA SSA and histologic validation are warranted to optimize its diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact.
Metabolic profiling reveals first evidence of fumigating drug plant Peganum harmala in Iron Age Arabia
2025-05-23

Abstract The utilization of medicinal and psychoactive plants in the past represents a pivotal intersection of culture, health, and biodiversity. While such plants in Arabia have been known from classical and medieval textual records, this study provides material evidence of the use of one such plant for fumigation already in the Iron Age. Through metabolic profiling of organic residues recovered from archaeological artefacts at the oasis of Qurayyah, Northwest Arabia, we identified the drug plant Peganum harmala . Renowned for its antibacterial, psychoactive and multiple therapeutic properties, its presence highlights the deliberate utilization of local pharmacopeia by ancient communities. This discovery represents not only the first evidence for its use in Iron Age Arabia, but also the most ancient, radiometrically dated material evidence of Peganum harmala being used for fumigation globally. Beyond their health benefits, these plants were also valued for their sensory and affective properties. Documenting, understanding and preserving these ancient knowledge systems enriches our understanding of ancient traditions while safeguarding the region’s intangible cultural heritage.
The mind & muscles: Introducing a validated EEG/EMG protocol for recording cognitive-muscular interactions in experimental archaeology
2025-05-23

Despite extensive research into the biomechanical and cognitive dimensions of early hominin material culture, no study has explored these aspects together in the context of stone tool production and use. In contrast to fields like rehabilitation and sports science, where electroencephalography (EEG) and surface electromyography (sEMG) are often integrated, experimental archaeology lacks such a combined approach. This paper introduces and validates a new protocol that integrates EEG and sEMG to measure neuromechanical activity during a classic stone tool task: cutting leather with a flake. Our experimental design divides the task into three phases: Hold, Aim, and Execute. Consistent with our expectations, results show that all eight muscles are most active during task execution, with the non-dominant hand playing a key role in stabilization during both the Aim and Execute phases. In the preparatory Aim stage, we observed increased beta power in the left frontal region (linked to planning, problem-solving, and working memory) as well as heightened motor activity associated with using the non-dominant hand, which contributes to the stabilization of the target material during this stage. During the Execute phase, beta power in these cortical areas decreased, with peak muscle activation occurring alongside suspected beta desynchronization in the motor region, reflecting intensified movement activity. Overall, these findings closely align with our expectations, validating our combined EEG-sEMG protocol and highlighting the importance of segmenting tool-using tasks into distinct phases, which allows for the identification of dynamic brain-hand interactions throughout the process. The proposed step-by-step protocol offers a new methodological basis for future research into the complexities of hominin behaviors and tool use.
Self-Supervised Feature Learning for Cardiac Cine MR Image Reconstruction
2025-05-23

We propose a self-supervised feature learning assisted reconstruction (SSFL-Recon) framework for MRI reconstruction to address the limitation of existing supervised learning methods. Although recent deep learning-based methods have shown promising performance in MRI reconstruction, most require fully-sampled images for supervised learning, which is challenging in practice considering long acquisition times under respiratory or organ motion. Moreover, nearly all fully-sampled datasets are obtained from conventional reconstruction of mildly accelerated datasets, thus potentially biasing the achievable performance. The numerous undersampled datasets with different accelerations in clinical practice, hence, remain underutilized. To address these issues, we first train a self-supervised feature extractor on undersampled images to learn sampling-insensitive features. The pre-learned features are subsequently embedded in the self-supervised reconstruction network to assist in removing artifacts. Experiments were conducted retrospectively on an in-house 2D cardiac Cine dataset, including 91 cardiovascular patients and 38 healthy subjects. The results demonstrate that the proposed SSFL-Recon framework outperforms existing self-supervised MRI reconstruction methods and even exhibits comparable or better performance to supervised learning up to retrospective undersampling. The feature learning strategy can effectively extract global representations, which have proven beneficial in removing artifacts and increasing generalization ability during reconstruction.
Receptor‐like kinases BIR1 and BIR3 modulate antiviral resistance by different mechanisms
2025-05-23

Summary BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1‐ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1)‐INTERACTING RECEPTOR‐LIKE KINASE (BIR) proteins are negative regulators of cell death and defense against microbes in Arabidopsis thaliana . Here, we demonstrate that the members of the BIR family function as negative regulators of antiviral resistance in Arabidopsis. We show that during tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infection, BIR1 and BIR3 gene expression is antagonistically regulated by salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways. BIR1 and BIR3 negatively regulate TRV resistance via distinct mechanisms. Our data indicate that BIR1 modulates antiviral defense through mechanisms that include pattern‐triggered immune (PTI) gene expression, plasmodesmata callose deposition alongside yet unidentified defense pathways independent of the receptor‐like kinases BAK1 and SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1‐1 1 (SOBIR1), or the lipase‐like PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4). BIR3 negatively regulates a pathway that involves BAK1 and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1)/PAD4, suggesting that BIR3 disrupts an immune response similar to effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) driven by nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich intracellular receptors. This response helps control virus proliferation without causing a hypersensitive reaction. Our findings also reveal that BIR2 represses antiviral defense against TRV, highlighting the conserved function of BIR proteins as pivotal modulators in plant–virus interactions. We propose that the induction of BIR proteins during viral infection helps maintain a balance between defense activation and suppression to prevent viral overaccumulation and plant damage.
Contributions of arid climate and hydrothermal fluid flow on sedimentation in saline‐alkaline lakes: Insight from the Ibar intramontane basin (Southern Serbia)
2025-05-23

Abstract Saline‐alkaline lakes are common in tectonically active, semi‐arid regions, resulting from the interplay between tectonic, hydrothermal, surface processes and climate. This study investigates their contribution to the evolution of the saline‐alkaline succession in the intramontane Ibar Basin (Southern Serbia). The succession is investigated using detailed sedimentological analysis, in situ U–Pb geochronology of carbonates acquired by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS), major and trace element geochemistry and fluid inclusion analysis. Dominantly clastic sedimentation is represented by alluvial fan, flood plain, delta and marginal and profundal lake facies associations. Microbialite and littoral to sublittoral oil shales formed in the areas protected from clastic input. The stratigraphic succession shows a transition from alluvia to a hydrologically open and closed lacustrine environment. U–Pb geochronology of microbialite of a close lake phase (~17 Ma) suggests basin evolution during the Early to Middle Miocene age. The hydrologically closed lake phase is marked by borate‐rich facies, which comprise mainly colemanite overgrown by secondary ulexite within profundal lake facies associations. The textural features suggest that colemanite initially precipitated at or below the sediment/water interface. The subsequent growth, as observed from the primary fluid inclusions in colemanite and calcite, indicates precipitation from the evolving bittern brine under evaporitic, redox conditions, which during diagenesis reached temperatures of 200–220°C. High Ca 2+ /Na + ratios in the brine favour colemanite precipitation. Gradual Ca 2+ depletion and clay breakdown (dewatering) lead to ulexite and borax precipitates. The results imply that B, Ca and Na were mobilised and transported into the basin by hydrothermal fluids that previously leached bedrock and/or by streams carrying products of the volcanic rocks' weathering. However, brine saturation and syndepositional precipitation were initiated by an arid climate through evaporation, while further growth was driven by reflux of fluids during diagenesis. This study highlights the importance of the tectonics of the collisional orogens and associated processes, arid climate and basin hydrological regime on the deposition of B, Ca‐rich deposits in saline‐alkaline lakes.
Re-evaluation of historic putative caimanine material from the lower Palaeocene Salamanca Formation in Patagonia (Argentina)
2025-05-23

The fossil record of caimanines is characterised by two important periods: the first in the early Palaeocene and the second in the late Miocene. While numerous well-preserved taxa are known from the latter period, the incompleteness of fossils from the Palaeocene presents a significant challenge to understanding the evolution of Caimaninae. Here, we re-describe material collected by the German palaeontologist Friedrich von Huene in 1924 from outcrops of the Salamanca Formation at Cap Peligro in Patagonia, Argentina. The material consists of several isolated bone fragments (i.e., a frontal, parietal, dentary and angular, as well as seven vertebrae, three femora, four metatarsals and two osteoderms), currently housed in the Palaeontological Collection of the University of Tübingen in Germany. The size differences between the bones clearly indicate that they belong to different individuals; due to a lack of overlapping elements, it is unclear if they all belong to a single or, instead, to several distinct species. A comparison with recently described caimanines from the Palaeocene and Eocene of South America (i.e., Eocaiman cavernensis , E. itaboraiensis , E. palaeocenicus , Necrosuchus ionensis and Protocaiman peligrensis ) shows that the material presented herein differs in lower jaw morphology from all other species (except P. peligrensis for which the lower jaw is unknown), but that the skull bones show a great similarity to those of P. peligrensis . The absence of overlapping skull material from all other species and of lower jaw material of P. peligrensis leads to the cautious assignment of the herein presented material to Caimaninae indet.
Pregnancy Care in Times of Cannabis Legalization: Self-Rated Knowledge, Risk Perception and Communication Practices of Midwives in Germany
2025-05-23

Background/Objectives: The legalization of recreational cannabis in Germany in 2024 has increased the relevance of cannabis use in maternal healthcare. Although prenatal cannabis exposure is associated with potential risks to fetal development, the topic remains underrepresented in midwifery research and education. Germany, midwives play a key role in prenatal care. This study investigates midwives’ self-rated knowledge, perceived risks, and the frequency of screening and counseling on cannabis use during pregnancy. Methods: This study presents a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data collected from midwives and physicians in Germany (N = 284) between May and October 2024. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, chi-square tests, Spearman’s rank correlations, and multiple linear regression models. Results: Midwives rated their knowledge about cannabis-related risks during pregnancy as moderate. While most reported that substance use was addressed in initial training, only continuing education and older age were associated with higher self-rated knowledge. Knowledge was positively correlated with risk perception and communication frequency. Overall, risk perception was high—particularly regarding fetal outcomes—though cannabis was perceived as less harmful than alcohol and addressed less often. Fewer than half of the midwives routinely screened for cannabis use, and only 22% always provided counseling. Conclusions: To strengthen midwives’ preparedness, both the integration of cannabis-specific content into initial training and the expansion of continuing education may be beneficial. Clear, evidence-based, and non-stigmatizing communication strategies are essential to support maternal and fetal health in a changing legal and cultural landscape.
Cyberdelics: Virtual reality hallucinations modulate cognitive-affective processes
2025-05-23

HVVEs produced psychedelic positive effects on cognitive and emotional functioning. The complex emotional and autonomic profile mimicked awakened relaxation that, in conjunction with the cognitive flexibility enhancement, could offer the unique opportunity to exploit psychedelic advantages while mitigating risks, opening new avenues for therapeutic approaches.
Analysis of more than 400,000 women provides case-control evidence for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant classification
2025-05-24

Clinical genetic testing identifies variants causal for hereditary cancer, information that is used for risk assessment and clinical management. Unfortunately, some variants identified are of uncertain clinical significance (VUS), complicating patient management. Case-control data is one evidence type used to classify VUS. As an initiative of the Evidence-based Network for the Interpretation of Germline Mutant Alleles (ENIGMA) Analytical Working Group we analyze germline sequencing data of BRCA1 and BRCA2 from 96,691 female breast cancer cases and 302,116 controls from three studies: the BRIDGES study of the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, the Cancer Risk Estimates Related to Susceptibility consortium, and the UK Biobank. We observe 11,207 BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants, with 6909 being coding, covering 23.4% of BRCA1 and BRCA2 VUS in ClinVar and 19.2% of ClinVar curated (likely) benign or pathogenic variants. Case-control likelihood ratio (ccLR) evidence is highly consistent with ClinVar assertions for (likely) benign or pathogenic variants; exhibiting 99.1% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity for BRCA1 and 93.3% sensitivity and 86.6% specificity for BRCA2. This approach provides case-control evidence for 787 unclassified variants; these include 579 with strong or moderate benign evidence and 10 with strong pathogenic evidence for which ccLR evidence is sufficient to alter clinical classification.
Exploring voice as a digital phenotype in adults with ADHD
2025-05-24

Abstract Current diagnostic procedures for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are mainly subjective and prone to bias. While research on potential biomarkers, including EEG, brain imaging, and genetics is promising, it has yet to demonstrate clinical utility. Dopaminergic signaling alternations and executive functioning, crucial to ADHD pathology, are closely related to voice production. Consistently, previous studies point to alterations in voice and speech production in ADHD. However, studies investigating voice in large clinical samples allowing for individual-level prediction of ADHD are lacking. Here, 387 ADHD patients, 204 healthy controls, and 100 psychiatric controls underwent standardized diagnostic assessment. Subjects provided multiple 3-minutes speech samples, yielding 920 samples. Based on prosodic voice features, random forest-based classifications were performed, and cross-validated out-of-sample accuracy was calculated. The classification of ADHD showed the best performance in young female participants (AUC = 0.87) with lower performance in older participants and males. Psychiatric comorbidity did not alter the classification performance. Voice features were associated with ADHD-symptom severity as indicated by random forest regressions. In summary, prosodic features seem to be promising candidates for further research into voice-based digital phenotypes of ADHD.
Measuring cerebrovascular reactivity with breath-hold fMRI in patients with Moyamoya angiopathy: MR perfusion based delay correction significantly improves agreement to [15O]water PET
2025-05-24

Abstract Purpose Breath-hold functional MRI (bh-fMRI) is able to quantify cerebrovascular reactivity. Vessel stenoses can lead to delayed hemodynamic responses. We aimed to investigate whether delay correction improves the quality of bh-fMRI compared to the diagnostic standard [ 15 O]water PET. Methods The bh-fMRI data sets of 25 patients with Moyamoya Angiopathy were analyzed retrospectively without and with delay correction. Delay correction was calculated using time-to-peak (TTP) maps derived from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI. [ 15 O]water PET maps and bh-fMRI maps without and with delay correction were presented blinded for delay correction to two neuroradiologists. The agreement between bh-fMRI without and with delay correction and [ 15 O]water PET was independently and consensually rated on a 4-point-Likert scale (1 = poor, 2 = moderate, 3 = good, 4 = excellent) and compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The agreement between bh-fMRI and [ 15 O]water PET without delay correction was good/excellent (median = 3, modus = 4), and improved significantly after delay correction with medium effect size (median = 4, modus = 4, z = -2.121, p = 0.034, r = 0.42). Conclusion Delay correction improves the quality of bh-fMRI and seems to be helpful in clinical practice.
Efficacy of JAK1/2 inhibition in murine myeloproliferative neoplasms is not mediated by targeting oncogenic signaling
2025-05-24

Abstract Ruxolitinib is a potent JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, approved for the treatment of primary myelofibrosis (PMF) patients based on the concept of inhibition of oncogenic signaling. However, the effect of ruxolitinib on JAK2-V617F allelic burden is modest, suggesting that inhibition of JAK2-V617F signaling-driven clone expansion is not the main mechanism of action. We evaluate whether ruxolitinib mainly blocks the proliferation of the malignant clone or exerts its effects also by targeting non-malignant cells. Therefore, we develop two JAK2-V617F-driven myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) mouse models harboring ruxolitinib resistance mutations. Mice carrying ruxolitinib-resistant JAK2-V617F-driven MPN respond to ruxolitinib treatment similar to mice with ruxolitinib-sensitive JAK2-V617F MPN with respect to reduction of spleen size, leukocyte count and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum. Ruxolitinib reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in both stromal cells and non-malignant hematopoietic cells. Using a rigorous ruxolitinib resistance mutation approach, we can prove that ruxolitinib acts independent of oncogenic JAK2-V617F signaling and reduces the main features of MPN disease such as spleen size and leukocyte counts. Our findings characterize the mechanism of action for ruxolitinib in MPN.