julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Basic features of proton-proton interactions at ultra-relativistic energies and RFT-based quark-gluon string model
2017-01-01

\\nProton-proton collisions at energies from √s = 200 GeV up to √s = 14 TeV are studied within the microscopic quark-gluon string model. The model is based on Gribov’s Reggeon Field Theory accomplished by string phenomenology. Comparison with experimental data shows that QGSM describes well particle yields, rapidity - and transverse momentum spectra, rise of mean 〈 pT 〉 and forward-backward multiplicity correlations. The latter arise in QGSM because of the addition of various processes with different mean multiplicities. The model also indicates fulfillment of extended longitudinal scaling and violation of Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling at LHC. The origin of both features is traced to short-range particle correlations in the strings. Predictions are made for √s = 14 TeV.\\n
Forward-backward multiplicity correlations in proton-proton collisions from several GeV to LHC energies
2017-01-01

Forward-backward multiplicity correlations in pp collisions at LHC energies are studied with the quark-gluon string model. Comparison with experimental data and with model calculations for lower energies is performed. The model correctly reproduces the linear slope of the correlations, , in the whole energy interval. Positive correlations arise because of mixing of sub-processes with different mean multiplicities. The increase of with rising collision energy is linked to the increase of the variety of sub-processes going via the soft and hard multi-Pomeron exchanges. For the events with fixed amount of Pomerons the correlation slope is shown to be essentially zero.
Preaching and Confessional Culture in Early Modern Germany. Catholic Sermons between 1650 and 1800
2017-01-01

With the Council of Trent, Catholicism defined itself for the first time as a confession with distinct identifying features. In order not only to create but also to maintain such a Catholic Confessionalised identity, Catholic preachers needed to react to contemporary settings and currents as well as to fixed points of reference, as represented by the decrees of Trent. The scope provided by the Trent decree on preaching, “super lectione et praedicatione,” was so wide that, based upon it, individual ideas could be constructed about what constituted a “good” sermon. This can be seen in the various hermeneutics of the Council that developed up to the 18th century, and the associated post-Tridentine practices of piety, which are commonly grouped under the terms “Baroque” and “Enlightenment.” This article, which analyses sermons from the perspective of aesthetics of production and reception, is nonetheless able to show that along with Baroque and Enlightened piety, Jansenist influences also coexisted, something which has hardly been appreciated so far in research. At the same time, the preachers and the audiences do not seem to have understood the complex network of variously coded elements of Catholic confessional culture as a contradiction: the pastoral strategies of Catholics from the years 1650 to 1800 seem rather not to have been characterised by wave-like motion, with specific extensions on the ritual-sensual or rational-iconoclastic levels, as has been assumed in research. Such asynchrony can also be recognised in textual samples drawn from the Russian Orthodox history of preaching.
Language in international business : A review and agenda for future research
2017-01-01

A fast growing number of studies demonstrates that language diversity\\ninfluences almost all management decisions in modern multinational corporations.\\nWhereas no doubt remains about the practical importance of language, the empirical\\ninvestigation and theoretical conceptualization of its complex and multifaceted\\neffects still presents a substantial challenge. To summarize and evaluate the current\\nstate of the literature in a coherent picture informing future research, we systematically review 264 articles on language in international business. We scrutinize the\\ngeographic distributions of data, evaluate the field’s achievements to date in terms\\nof theories and methodologies, and summarize core findings by individual, group,\\nfirm, and country levels of analysis. For each of these dimensions, we then put\\nforward a future research agenda. We encourage scholars to transcend disciplinary\\nboundaries and to draw on, integrate, and test a variety of theories from disciplines\\nsuch as psychology, linguistics, and neuroscience to gain a more profound understanding of language in international business. We advocate more multi-level\\nstudies and cross-national research collaborations and suggest greater attention to\\npotential new data sources and means of analysis
Bulky Ytterbium Formamidinates Stabilise Complexes with Radical Ligands, and Related Samarium \\textquotedblleftTetracyclone\\textquotedblright Chemistry
2017-01-01

bibtex: ISI:000395755100017 bibtex\\location:'POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY',publisher:'WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH',type:'Article',affiliation:'Maron, L; Deacon, GB (Reprint Author), Univ Paul Sabatier, INSA, Lab Phys & Chim Nanoobjets, 135 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France. Junk, PC (Reprint Author), James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Deacon, GB (Reprint Author), Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Werner, Daniel, Tuebingen Univ, Inst Anorgan Chem, Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Zhao, Xuefei; Maron, Laurent; Deacon, Glen B., Univ Paul Sabatier, INSA, Lab Phys & Chim Nanoobjets, 135 Ave Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France. Best, Stephen P., Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Junk, Peter C., James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Deacon, Glen B., Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.','author-email':'laurent.maron@irsamc.ups-tlse.fr Peter.Junk@jcu.edu.au Glen.Deacon@monash.edu',da:'2018-12-05','doc-delivery-number':'EN1FE',eissn:'1521-3765','funding-acknowledgement':'Australian Research Council (ARC) [DP 130100152]; Australian Postgraduate Award','funding-text':'We gratefully acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council (ARC Discovery: DP 130100152) and an Australian Postgraduate Award to Daniel Werner. We also thank Mrs. Sioe See Volaric of Melbourne University for assistance with the EPR analysis. We would like to thank the Australian Synchrotron for permission to use both the MX1 and MX2 beamlines.','journal-iso':'Chem.-Eur. J.','keywords-plus':'RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; HETEROBIMETALLIC COMPLEX; SEMIQUINONATO COMPLEX; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; AROMATIC KETONES; KETYL COMPLEXES; REACTIVITY','number-of-cited-references':'88','orcid-numbers':'Junk, Peter/0000-0002-0683-8918','research-areas':'Chemistry','times-cited':'6','unique-id':'ISI:000395755100017','usage-count-last-180-days':'3','usage-count-since-2013':'20','web-of-science-categories':'Chemistry, Multidisciplinary'\\
From a focus particle to a conjunction: Diachronic and synchronic analysis of German zumal
2017-01-01

This article addresses the German conjunction zumal ‘the more so as’ from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. On the basis of historical corpus data, I trace the uses and meaning development of the lexical item zumal , from a temporal adverb to a conjunction. I argue that it acquired its current syntactic and interpretive features from the final step in this development: the focus particle zumal adopted some syntactic features and meaning components from the subordinate causal conjunctions da and weil , with which it frequently cooccurred in the historical data. In the current language it is thus best analyzed as a subordinate causal conjunction with focus-marking properties, similar to the combination besonders weil ‘especially since’.
To Protect, Defend and inform: The Evacuation of the German-French Border Region During the Second World War
2017-01-01

Germany, more than one million persons along the Franco-German border area (in the red zone) were evacuated. This area is called the red zone : it's the space between the Maginot-Line and the border and between the Siegfried-Line and the border. The Alsatians and Lorrainers were evacuated to the SouthWest of France and the people from the Saarpfalz and Baden were evacuated to the internal Gaue of Germany. These evacuations were aimed on one hand at giving free space for military interventions on the border zone and, on the other hand, at protecting populations from air and ground attacks .
Relational Contracts, the Cost of Enforcing Formal Contracts, and Capital Structure Choice - Theory and Evidence
2017-01-01

This paper shows that the cost of enforcing contracts governing non-financial relationships between firms affects a firm's financing structure. We analyze the interaction between a firm's capital structure and the type of contracts it uses to deal with its suppliers. We first develop a theoretical model where a downstream party needs an intermediate good from an upstream party, and this intermediate good can be of high or low quality. Court-enforceable contracts can be used to enforce high quality, but their use is costly. If these costs are too high, relational contracts -- self-enforcing informal arrangements that can be sustained in long-term relationships -- are needed. Relational contracts, though, can only be sustained if debt is not too high. The reason is that a firm's commitment in relational contracts is determined by its future profits in the cooperative relationship, and the need to repay debt reduces future profits. We therefore derive the prediction that, on average, higher costs of enforcing formal contracts should be associated with firms having less leverage. We test this prediction with the help of two datasets. First, the Microdatabase Directinvestment (MiDi) provided by Deutsche Bundesbank, which records balance-sheet information on the universe of German investments abroad, including detailed information on external debt and equity capital. Second, the World Bank's Doing Business Database, which provides information on the average cost of enforcing (formal) contracts between a firm and a supplier of an intermediate good. Using a panel data model for fractional response variables, we can show that an increase in the cost of enforcing contracts in a country makes firms use substantially more equity financing.
Big data: critical questions for sport and society
2017-01-02

In July 2015, IBM announced its collaboration with the large US pharmacy chain CVS Health. In this collaboration, IBM’s supercomputer Watson plays a central role. Using data from the 7800 drugstore...
A revolving door: A qualitative investigation of release from professional baseball
2017-01-02

Athletes endure multiple transition phases over the course of their career (both in and out of sport). The context of professional baseball offers the potential to gain a unique perspective on the experience of forced transition out of sport (i.e. being released). Every year approximately 1500 individuals will be released from professional baseball and close to 90% of all athletes will likely be released at some point in their career, creating a “revolving door” in Minor League Baseball (MiLB). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 former MiLB players to understand the experience of being released from professional baseball and identify coping strategies applied during the forced transition. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed two domains: (a) aspects that influenced processing of the release and (b) factors that facilitated a successful transition out of baseball. The findings highlighted positive appraisals and coping strategies that former MiLB players had used to enhance their transition out of sport. Having a back-up plan, utilising connections, and maturing through college experiences alleviated some of the challenges participants faced and helped them to be better prepared for an exit from the revolving door that is MiLB and enter a new phase of their professional life. In sum, the current research helped gain a better understanding of release from professional baseball and provided information that can help to assist athletes who are going through this experience.
The Role and Obligations of Ethicists as Members of Ethics Committees in Professional Organizations
2017-01-02

Moses and Illes (2017) propose recommendations to harmonize mandates for ethics committees in professional organizations in the neurosciences, increase the transparency of member selection, and dev...
Impact of correction factors in human brain lesion‐behavior inference
2017-01-03

Abstract Statistical voxel‐based lesion‐behavior mapping (VLBM) in neurological patients with brain lesions is frequently used to examine the relationship between structure and function of the healthy human brain. Only recently, two simulation studies noted reduced anatomical validity of this method, observing the results of VLBM to be systematically misplaced by about 16 mm. However, both simulation studies differed from VLBM analyses of real data in that they lacked the proper use of two correction factors: lesion size and “sufficient lesion affection.” In simulation experiments on a sample of 274 real stroke patients, we found that the use of these two correction factors reduced misplacement markedly compared to uncorrected VLBM. Apparently, the misplacement is due to physiological effects of brain lesion anatomy. Voxel‐wise topographies of collateral damage in the real data were generated and used to compute a metric for the inter‐voxel relation of brain damage. “Anatomical bias” vectors that were solely calculated from these inter‐voxel relations in the patients' real anatomical data, successfully predicted the VLBM misplacement. The latter has the potential to help in the development of new VLBM methods that provide even higher anatomical validity than currently available by the proper use of correction factors. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1692–1701, 2017 . © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Wound Healing Assays for the Investigation of Diabetic Wound Healing and Demonstration of a Beneficial Effect of a Triterpene Extract
2017-01-03

Diabetes mellitus is a frequent cause for chronic, difficult-to-treat wounds. New therapies for diabetic wounds are urgently needed and in-vitro or ex-vivo test systems are essential for the initial identification of new active molecules. The aim of this study is to compare in-vitro and ex-vivo test systems for their usability for early drug screening and to investigate the efficacy of a birch bark triterpene extract (TE) that has been proven ex-vivo and clinically to accelerate non-diabetic wound healing (WH), in a diabetic context. We investigated in-vitro models for diabetic WH, i.e. scratch assays with human keratinocytes from diabetic donors or cultured under hyperglycaemic conditions and a newly developed porcine ex-vivo hyperglycaemic WH model for their potential to mimic delayed diabetic WH and for the influence of TE in these test systems. We show that keratinocytes from diabetic donors often fail to exhibit significantly delayed WH. For cells under hyperglycaemic conditions significant decrease is observed but is influenced by choice of medium and presence of supplements. Also, donor age plays a role. Interestingly, hyperglycaemic effects are mainly hyperosmolaric effects in scratch assays. Ex-vivo models under hyperglycaemic conditions show a clear and substantial decrease of WH, and here both glucose and hyperosmolarity effects are involved. Finally, we provide evidence that TE is also beneficial for ex-vivo hyperglycaemic WH, resulting in significantly increased length of regenerated epidermis to 188±16% and 183±11% (SEM; p<0.05) compared to controls when using two different TE formulations. In conclusion, our results suggest that microenvironmental influences are important in WH test systems and that therefore the more complex hyperglycaemic ex-vivo model is more suitable for early drug screening. Limitations of the in-vitro and ex-vivo models are discussed. Furthermore our data recommend TE as a promising candidate for in-vivo testings in diabetic wounds.
Urinary iodine: comparison of a simple method for its determination in microplates with measurement by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry
2017-01-03

Abstract The aim of our study was to develop and validate an inexpensive, rapid, easy to use quantitative method to determine urinary iodine without major procurement costs for equipment. The rationale behind introducing this method is the increasing demand for urinary iodine assessments. Our study included 103 patients (76 female, 27 male), age (arithmetic mean) 52 ± 17.3 years. Urinary iodine was determined in microplates by a modification of the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. The results were compared with inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for iodine, considered as reference method. Geometric mean of urinary iodine determined by the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction method was 62.69 μg/l (95% confidence interval 53.16–73.92) whereas by the ICP-MS method it was 65.53 μg/l (95% confidence interval 54.77–78.41). Passing-Bablok regression equations for both methods gave y = 3.374 + 0.873x (y: Sandell-Kolthoff method, x: ICP-MS). Spearman ́s correlation coefficient was 0.981, indicating a very high degree of agreement between the two methods. Bland-Altman plots showed no significant systematic difference between the two methods. The modified Sandell-Kolthoff method using microtiter plate technique presented here is a simple, inexpensive semi-automated method to determine urinary iodine with very little toxic waste. Comparison with the ICP-MS-technique yielded a good agreement between the two methods.
The BACHD Rat Model of Huntington Disease Shows Signs of Fronto-Striatal Dysfunction in Two Operant Conditioning Tests of Short-Term Memory
2017-01-03

The BACHD rat is a recently developed transgenic animal model of Huntington disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extensive loss of striatal neurons. Cognitive impairments are common among patients, and characterization of similar deficits in animal models of the disease is therefore of interest. The present study assessed the BACHD rats' performance in the delayed alternation and the delayed non-matching to position test, two Skinner box-based tests of short-term memory function. The transgenic rats showed impaired performance in both tests, indicating general problems with handling basic aspects of the tests, while short-term memory appeared to be intact. Similar phenotypes have been found in rats with fronto-striatal lesions, suggesting that Huntington disease-related neuropathology might be present in the BACHD rats. Further analyses indicated that the performance deficit in the delayed alternation test might be due to impaired inhibitory control, which has also been implicated in Huntington disease patients. The study ultimately suggests that the BACHD rats might suffer from neuropathology and cognitive impairments reminiscent of those of Huntington disease patients.
Viscumins functionally modulate cell motility-associated gene expression
2017-01-03

In Europe extracts from Viscum album L., the European white-berry mistletoe, are widely used as a complementary cancer therapy. Viscumins (mistletoe lectins, ML) have been scrutinized as important active components of mistletoe and exhibit a variety of anticancer effects such as stimulation of the immune system, induction of cytotoxicity, reduction of tumor cell motility as well as changes in the expression of genes associated with cancer development and progression. By microarray expression analysis, quantitative RT-PCR and RT-PCR based validation of microarray data we demonstrate for the Viscum album extract Iscador Qu and for the lectins Aviscumine and ML-1 that in glioma cells these drugs differentially modulate the expression of genes involved in the regulation of cell migration and invasion, including processes modulating cell architecture and cell adhesion. A variety of differentially expressed genes in ML treated cells are associated with the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway or are targets of TGF-β. ML treatment downregulated the expression of TGF-β itself, of the TGF-β receptor II (TGFBR2), of the TGF-β intracellular signal transducer protein SMAD2, and of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) MMP-2 and MMP-14. Even if the changes in gene expression differ between Aviscumine, Iscador Qu and ML-1, the overall regulation of motility associated gene expression by all drugs showed functional effects since tumor cell motility was reduced in a ML-dependent manner. Therefore, ML containing compounds might provide clinical benefit as adjuvant therapeutics in the treatment of patients with invasively growing tumors such as glioblastomas.
Quality assurance guidelines for superficial hyperthermia clinical trials: I. Clinical requirements
2017-01-04

Quality assurance guidelines are essential to provide uniform execution of clinical trials and treatment in the application of hyperthermia. This document provides definitions for a good hyperthermia treatment and identifies the clinical conditions where a certain hyperthermia system can or cannot adequately heat the tumour volume. It also provides brief description of the characteristics and performance of the current electromagnetic (radiative and capacitive), ultrasound and infra-red heating techniques. This information helps to select the appropriate heating technique for the specific tumour location and size, and appropriate settings of the water bolus and thermometry. Finally, requirements of staff training and documentation are provided. The guidelines in this document focus on the clinical application and are complemented with a second, more technical quality assurance document providing instructions and procedure to determine essential parameters that describe heating properties of the applicator for superficial hyperthermia. Both sets of guidelines were developed by the ESHO Technical Committee with participation of senior STM members and members of the Atzelsberg Circle.
Robust Detection of Impaired Resting State Functional Connectivity Networks in Alzheimer's Disease Using Elastic Net Regularized Regression
2017-01-04

The large number of multicollinear regional features that are provided by resting state (rs) fMRI data requires robust feature selection to uncover consistent networks of functional disconnection in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we compared elastic net regularized and classical stepwise logistic regression in respect to consistency of feature selection and diagnostic accuracy using rs-fMRI data from four centers of the "German resting-state initiative for diagnostic biomarkers" (psymri.org), comprising 53 AD patients and 118 age and sex matched healthy controls. Using all possible pairs of correlations between the time series of rs-fMRI signal from 84 functionally defined brain regions as the initial set of predictor variables, we calculated accuracy of group discrimination and consistency of feature selection with bootstrap cross-validation. Mean areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves as measure of diagnostic accuracy were 0.70 in unregularized and 0.80 in regularized regression. Elastic net regression was insensitive to scanner effects and recovered a consistent network of functional connectivity decline in AD that encompassed parts of the dorsal default mode as well as brain regions involved in attention, executive control, and language processing. Stepwise logistic regression found no consistent network of AD related functional connectivity decline. Regularized regression has high potential to increase diagnostic accuracy and consistency of feature selection from multicollinear functional neuroimaging data in AD. Our findings suggest an extended network of functional alterations in AD, but the diagnostic accuracy of rs-fMRI in this multicenter setting did not reach the benchmark defined for a useful biomarker of AD.