julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
In Situ Monitoring of the Al(110)‐[EMImCl] : AlCl3 Interface by Reflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy
2023-10-13

Abstract Recently, Al‐batteries (AlBs) have become promising candidates for post‐lithium batteries, with [EMImCl] : AlCl 3 (1 : 1.5) as the most commonly used electrolyte. However, progress in the development of AlBs is currently hindered by the lack of understanding of its solid‐electrolyte interface. Monitoring the structure of this interface under operational conditions by complementary spectroscopy could help to identify and overcome bottlenecks of the system. Reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS), an optical in situ technique, provides access to physical and chemical properties of electrochemical interfaces on an atomistic level. Herein, we report the first example of RAS as an in situ characterization technique for non‐aqueous battery systems, investigating an Al(110)‐based model system. During chemical pre‐treatment in [EMImCl] : AlCl 3 , the Al(110) surface passivation film is modified. The oxide film is partially etched while an inhomogeneous passivation layer forms, increasing the surface roughness. Upon electrochemical cycling, applied potential‐dependent oscillations of the anisotropy are observed and demonstrate the applicability of RAS to monitor phenomena such as plating/stripping and surface passivation in real‐time.
Prevalence of cauliflower ear in high level judoka
2023-10-13

Abstract Judo is an Olympic sport, and the way of its performing can lead to repetitive blunt injuries on head and ears. The chronic consequences of such traumata on the auricle are the formation of so-called cauliflower ear. This condition is painful, can lead to interruptions in the training process and long-term consequences for the athlete's health. There is limited knowledge of epidemiological data about cauliflower ear deformities in judo. Evaluation of the prevalence of cauliflower ear among judokas based on their profile pictures on the international judo federation was performed. A large cohort of judo athletes from around the world was studied. Two different classifications for the severity of ear deformities were used. Statistical calculations of the collected data and correlations to different parameters were performed. Images of 1632 top athletes were evaluated in the study. Ear deformities were found in 55.5% of the judokas. There was gender-specific differences. Male athletes were affected much more often than female athletes. In addition, ear deformities were more pronounced in male athletes. A correlation was found between the age of the athletes and the presence of an ear deformity. It has also been shown that judokas with a high world ranking are more likely to have an ear deformity. Ear deformities are a common consequence of injury among leading judo athletes. The current study represents the largest and high heterogeny cohort ever conducted on the prevalence of cauliflower ear in judoka. Knowledge of the prevalence of cauliflower ear in judoka based on reliable data from this study, may be important prerequisites for further studies on the impact of this traumatic consequence on training preparation and judoka health.
Platform (In)Justice: A Call for a Global Research Agenda
2023-10-13

This panel calls for a global conversation around platform (in)justice. By focusing on the experiences of marginalized communities, particularly those in the Majority World (also known as Global South), we aim to redefine justice and injustice through a global lens - as opposed to a Western-centric lens. Our panel will delve into the socio-technical realities of platforms as experienced by users and those doing the AI labor behind the platforms, recognizing platforms' tangible impacts on individuals and society. We invite the CSCW community to engage with five cases (involving Afghanistan, India, Korea, South Africa, and broader Latin America) that highlight the complex cultural, socio-economic, and political impact of technological systems on different social groups. With the Majority World as a framework of study, we explore locational forms of justice, and most importantly, open a discussion on structural solutions for platform injustice from the Majority World. Through our panel conversations, we aspire to shape a global research agenda for platform (in)justice, a focus area that can bring together expertise that is currently scattered across the CSCW community.
Long term variability of Cygnus X–1. I. X-ray spectral-temporal correlations in the hard state
2023-10-13

We present the long term evolution of the timing properties of the black hole candidate Cygnus X–1 in the 0.002–128 Hz frequency range as monitored from 1998 to 2001 with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). For most of this period the source was in its hard state. The power spectral density (PSD) is well modeled as the sum of four Lorentzians, which describe distinct broad noise components. Before 1998 July, Cyg X–1 was in a “quiet” hard state characterized primarily by the first three of these broad Lorentzians being dominant. Around 1998 May, this behavior changed: the total fractional rms amplitude decreased, the peak frequencies of the Lorentzians increased, the average time lag slightly increased, and the X-ray spectrum softened. The change in the timing parameters is mainly due to a strong decrease in the amplitude of the third Lorentzian. Since this event, an unusually large number of X-ray flares have been observed, which we classify as “failed state transitions”. During these failed state transitions, the X-ray power spectrum changes to that of the intermediate state. Modeling this PSD with the four Lorentzians, we find that the first Lorentzian component is suppressed relative to the second and third Lorentzian during the state transitions. We also confirm our previous conclusion that the frequency-dependent time lags increase significantly in the 3.2–10 Hz band during these transitions. We confirm the interpretation of the flares as failed state transitions with observations from the 2001 January and 2001 October soft states. Both the behavior of the PSD and the X-ray lag suggest that some or all of the Lorentzian components are associated with the accretion disk corona responsible for the hard state spectrum. We discuss the physical interpretation of our results.
Long term variability of Cyg X-1. II. The rms-flux relation
2023-10-13

We study the long term evolution of the relationship between the root mean square (rms) variability and flux (the “rms-flux relation”) for the black hole Cygnus X-1 as monitored from 1996 to 2003 with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). We confirm earlier results by [CITE] of a linear relationship between rms and flux in the hard state on time scales &gt;5 s reflecting in its slope the fractional rms variability. We demonstrate the perpetuation of the linear rms-flux relation in the soft and the intermediate state. The existence of a non-zero intercept in the linear rms-flux relation argues for two lightcurve components, for example, one variable and one non-variable component, or a possible constant rms component. The relationship between these two hypothesized components can be described by a fundamental dependence of slope and intercept at time scales &lt;∼10 ksec with long term averages of the flux.
Discovery of a Third Harmonic Cyclotron Resonance Scattering Feature in the X-Ray Spectrum of 4U 0115+63
2023-10-13

We have discovered a third harmonic cyclotron resonance scattering feature (CRSF) in observations of the recent outburst of 4U 0115+63 with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The spectrum in a narrow pulse phase range shows CRSFs at 12.40+0.65−0.35, 21.45+0.25−0.38, and 33.56+0.70−0.90 keV. With centroid energy ratios to the fundamental of 1.73 ± 0.08 and 2.71 ± 0.13, the CRSFs are not harmonically spaced. Strong variability of the continuum and CRSFs with pulse phase indicate a complex emission geometry near the neutron star polar cap. In addition, one RXTE observation, which spanned periastron passage, revealed a strong 2 mHz quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO). This is slower by 2 orders of magnitude than the beat-frequency QPO expected in this system and slower by a factor of more than 5 compared with other QPOs seen in accreting X-ray pulsars.
Long term variability of Cygnus X-1. III. Radio–X-ray correlations
2023-10-13

Long time scale radio–X-ray correlations in black holes during the hard state have been found in many sources and there seems to emerge a universal underlying relationship which quantitatively describes this behavior. Although it would appear only natural to detect short term emission patterns in the X-ray and – with a certain time lag – in the radio, there has been little evidence for this up to now. The most prominent source for radio–X-ray correlations on short time scales (minutes) so far remains GRS 1915+105 where a single mass ejection could be detected successively in X-ray, IR, and radio wavebands. We analyze a database of more than 4 years of simultaneous radio–X-ray data for Cygnus X-1 from the Ryle Telescope and RXTE PCA/HEXTE. We confirm the existence of a radio–X-ray correlation on long time scales, especially at hard energies. We show that apparent correlations on short time scales in the lightcurves of Cygnus X-1 are most likely the coincidental outcome of white noise statistics. Interpreting this result as a breakdown of radio–X-ray correlations on shorter time scales, this sets a limit to the speed of the jet.
X-Ray Observations of XTE J1550–564 during the Decay of the 2000 Outburst. II. Timing
2023-10-13

We investigate the timing behavior of XTE J1550-564 with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer as the source made a transition to the hard state during the decay of the 2000 outburst. We detect a high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) at 65 Hz in one observation with a fractional rms amplitude of 4.9%. This is the first time that a high-frequency QPO has been detected in a transition to the hard state during outburst decay. We also observe low-frequency QPOs in the 0.36-4.1 Hz range and rich aperiodic variability. The changes in the temporal properties during the decay are very similar to the state transitions observed for other sources. We find a correlation between the low-frequency QPO and the break frequency in the continuum power spectra. We investigate the energy dependence of rms amplitudes of the QPOs. We compare these timing properties with those previously observed for XTE J1550-564 and other Galactic black hole candidates and discuss the implications for QPO models and black hole accretion.
LMC X-1 and LMC X-3 as Seen by RXTE
2023-10-13

LMC X-1 and LMC X-3 are the only two black holes that are consistently seen in the soft X-ray state. We present the results from the spectral and temporal analysis of a long (150 ksec) observation of these two objects. The spectra can be well described by a disk black body plus a high energy power-law, which extends to at least 50keV. Starting in December 1996 we have also monitored these objects with RXTE in about three to four week intervals. We present the evolution of the spectral parameters of the sources from the first twenty pointings. LMC X-1 has a very stable spectrum and does not exhibit any large scale variability. On the other hand, the appearance of LMC X-3 changes considerably over its 200d long cycle. This variability can either be explained by periodic changes in the mass transfer rate or by a precessing accretion disk analogous to Her X-1.
Nitrate-Reducing Fe(II)-Oxidizing microorganisms: linking Fe, C and N Cycles in subsurface environments
2023-10-13

The discovery of the Nitrate-Reducing Fe(II)-Oxidizing (NRFeOx) microbial metabolism, which couples the oxidation of Fe(II) to the reduction of nitrate (NO 3 - ) using organic matter or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as carbon source, was a major milestone in microbial ecology (Straub et al. 1996). NRFeOx microorganisms play an essential role on a global scale in three of the most important biogeochemical cycles: iron (Fe), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) (Kappler et al. 2021, Huang et al. 2021). In addition, these organisms participate in the mobilization or stabilization of organic carbon, as well as in CO 2 fixation, thus contributing to the reduction of atmospheric CO 2 (Kappler et al. 2021). Finally, the activity of these microorganisms is key to remove the pollutant NO 3 - from aquifers, which is one of the major worldwide environmental issues since many environments exceed the maximum regulatory concentration (50 mg L-1) (Kazakis et al. 2020 ). A plethora of NRFeOx microorganisms have been described in the last decades. However, most of these microorganisms have been reclassified as chemodenitrifiers. That is to say, Fe(II) is not enzymatically oxidized but indirectly by the reactive nitrogen species produced during denitrification (Fig. 1 ). In fact, only in three cultures so far, named KS, BP and AG, has the presence of true NRFeOx metabolism been unequivocally demonstrated (Straub et al. 1996, Huang et al. 2021b, Jakus et al. 2021b). Cultures KS, BP and AG have been studied thoroughly in the past years, analyzing the rate and mechanism by which these communities carry out autotrophic NRFeOx. Different omics studies have revealed that cultures KS, BP and AG consist of a mixture of bacterial species, which collaborate in order to grow under autotrophic NRFeOx conditions. Each culture is dominated by a novel candidate species of the genus Ferrigenium (Huang et al. 2022) capable of fixing CO 2 and oxidizing Fe(II), but which requires flanking species to complete denitrification (Huang et al. 2021b, He et al. 2016, Huang et al. 2021a). Interestingly, these communities not only carry out NRFeOx using dissolved Fe(II) as energy source (Straub et al. 1996, Huang et al. 2021b, Jakus et al. 2021b), but they can also oxidize Fe(II) minerals, the main form in which Fe(II) can be found in the Earth's crust (Huang et al. 2021). In fact, Fe(II)-bearing minerals are thought to be the main drivers of NO 3 - reduction in subterranean environments (Huang et al. 2021), which has additional ecological consequences. NRFeOx microorganisms can trigger the turnover of the Fe(II)-bearing minerals, resulting in the mobilization of mineral structural elements such as S, P, C or contaminant heavy metals and the precipitation of Fe(III) minerals at circumneutral pH (Weber et al. 2001, Jakus et al. 2021a). Here, we will present a review of the insights learned from the three NRFeOx autotrophic cultures and discuss their ecological role, their importance in biogeochemical cycles, and their potential biotechnological applications.
On the five-dimensional non-extremal Reissner-Nordström black hole: Retractions and scalar quasibound states
2023-10-13

In this paper, we examine the role played by topology, and some specific boundary conditions as well, on the physics of a higher-dimensional black hole. We analyze the line element of a five-dimensional non-extremal Reissner-Nordström black hole to obtain a new family of subspaces that are types of strong retractions and deformations, and then we extend these results to higher dimensions in order to deduce the relationship between various types of transformations. We also study the scalar field perturbations in the background under consideration and obtain an analytical expression for the quasibound state frequencies by using the Vieira-Bezerra-Kokkotas approach, which uses the polynomial conditions of the general Heun functions, and then we discuss the stability of the system and present the radial eigenfunctions. Our main goal is to discuss the physical meaning of these mathematical applications in such higher-dimensional effective metric.
Dataset for publication "In Situ Monitoring of the Al(110)-[EMImCl]:AlCl3 Interface by Reflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy"
2023-10-13

&lt;p&gt;Dataset are obtained from Reflection anisotropy spectroscopy, CV, SEM/EDX, and computaitonal RAS&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The data are sorted according to the Figures of the paper.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Abstract of the paper:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recently, Al-batteries (AlBs) have become promising candidates for post-lithium batteries, with [EMImCl]:AlCl3 (1:1.5) as the most commonly used electrolyte. However, progress in the development of AlBs is currently hindered by the lack of understanding of its solid-electrolyte interface. Monitoring the structure of this interface under operational conditions by complementary spectroscopy could help to identify and overcome bottlenecks of the system. Reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS), an optical in situ technique, provides access to physical and chemical properties of electrochemical interfaces on an atomistic level. Herein, we report the first example of RAS as an in situ characterization technique for non-aqueous battery systems, investigating an Al(110)-based model system. During chemical pre-treatment in [EMImCl]:AlCl3 , the Al(110) surface passivation film is modified. The oxide film is partially etched while an inhomogeneous passivation layer forms, increasing the surface roughness. Upon electrochemical cycling, applied potential-dependent oscillations of the anisotropy are observed and demonstrate the applicability of RAS to monitor phenomena such as plating/stripping and surface passivation in real-time.&lt;/p&gt;
Darwin, Haeckel, and the “Mikluskan gas organ theory”
2023-10-14

Abstract A previously unknown reference to the Russian ethnologist, biologist, and traveler Nikolai N. Miklucho‐Maclay (1846–1888) was discovered in correspondence between Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). This reference has remained unknown to science, even to Miklucho‐Maclay's biographers, probably because Darwin used the Russian nickname “Mikluska” when alluding to this young scientist. Here, we briefly outline the story behind the short discussion between Darwin and his German counterpart Haeckel, and highlight its importance for the history of science. Miklucho‐Maclay's discovery of a putative swim bladder anlage in sharks, published in 1867, was discussed in four letters between the great biologists. Whereas, Haeckel showed enthusiasm for the finding because it supported (his view on) evolutionary theory, Darwin was less interested, which highlights the conceptual differences between the two authorities. We discuss the scientific treatment of Miklucho‐Maclay's observation in the literature and discuss the homology, origin, and destiny of gas organs—swim bladders and lungs—in vertebrate evolution, from an ontogenetic point of view. We show that the conclusions reached by Miklucho‐Maclay and Haeckel were rather exaggerated, although they gave rise to fundamental insights, and we illustrate how tree‐thinking may lead to differences in the conceptualization of evolutionary change.
Can Whole-Body Baseline CT Radiomics Add Information to the Prediction of Best Response, Progression-Free Survival, and Overall Survival of Stage IV Melanoma Patients Receiving First-Line Targeted Therapy: A Retrospective Register Study
2023-10-14

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of radiomics and clinical parameters in a machine-learning model offers additive information compared with the use of only clinical parameters in predicting the best response, progression-free survival after six months, as well as overall survival after six and twelve months in patients with stage IV malignant melanoma undergoing first-line targeted therapy. Methods: A baseline machine-learning model using clinical variables (demographic parameters and tumor markers) was compared with an extended model using clinical variables and radiomic features of the whole tumor burden, utilizing repeated five-fold cross-validation. Baseline CTs of 91 stage IV malignant melanoma patients, all treated in the same university hospital, were identified in the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry and all metastases were volumetrically segmented (n = 4727). Results: Compared with the baseline model, the extended radiomics model did not add significantly more information to the best-response prediction (AUC [95% CI] 0.548 (0.188, 0.808) vs. 0.487 (0.139, 0.743)), the prediction of PFS after six months (AUC [95% CI] 0.699 (0.436, 0.958) vs. 0.604 (0.373, 0.867)), or the overall survival prediction after six and twelve months (AUC [95% CI] 0.685 (0.188, 0.967) vs. 0.766 (0.433, 1.000) and AUC [95% CI] 0.554 (0.163, 0.781) vs. 0.616 (0.271, 1.000), respectively). Conclusions: The results showed no additional value of baseline whole-body CT radiomics for best-response prediction, progression-free survival prediction for six months, or six-month and twelve-month overall survival prediction for stage IV melanoma patients receiving first-line targeted therapy. These results need to be validated in a larger cohort.
Stability of coorbital planets around binaries
2023-10-14

In previous hydrodynamical simulations, we found a mechanism for nearly circular binary stars, such as Kepler-413, to trap two planets in a stable 1:1 resonance. Therefore, the stability of coorbital configurations becomes a relevant question for planet formation around binary stars. For this work, we investigated the coorbital planet stability using a Kepler-413 analogue as an example and then expanded the parameters to study a general n -body stability of planet pairs in eccentric horseshoe orbits around binaries. The stability was tested by evolving the planet orbits for 10 5 binary periods with varying initial semi-major axes and planet eccentricities. The unstable region of a single circumbinary planet is used as a comparison to the investigated coorbital configurations in this work. We confirm previous findings on the stability of single planets and find a first order linear relation between the orbit eccentricity e p and pericentre to identify stable orbits for various binary configurations. Such a linear relation is also found for the stability of 1:1 resonant planets around binaries. Stable orbits for eccentric horseshoe configurations exist with a pericentre closer than seven binary separations and, in the case of Kepler-413, the pericentre of the first stable orbit can be approximated by r c,peri = (2.90 e p + 2.46) a bin .
Alterations of auditory sensory gating in mice with noise-induced tinnitus treated with nicotine and cannabis extract
2023-10-14

Tinnitus is a phantom sound perception affecting both auditory and limbic structures. The mechanisms of tinnitus remain unclear and it is debatable whether tinnitus alters attention to sound and the ability to inhibit repetitive sounds, a phenomenon also known as auditory gating. Here we investigate if noise exposure interferes with auditory gating and whether natural extracts of cannabis or nicotine could improve auditory pre-attentional processing in noise-exposed mice. We used 22 male C57BL/6J mice divided into noise-exposed (exposed to a 9–11 kHz narrow band noise for 1 h) and sham (no sound during noise exposure) groups. Hearing thresholds were measured using auditory brainstem responses, and tinnitus-like behavior was assessed using Gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. After noise exposure, mice were implanted with multi-electrodes in the dorsal hippocampus to assess auditory event-related potentials in response to paired clicks. The results showed that mice with tinnitus-like behavior displayed auditory gating of repetitive clicks, but with larger amplitudes and longer latencies of the N40 component of the aERP waveform. The combination of cannabis extract and nicotine improved the auditory gating ratio in noise-exposed mice without permanent hearing threshold shifts. Lastly, the longer latency of the N40 component appears due to an increased sensitivity to cannabis extract in noise-exposed mice compared to sham mice. The study suggests that the altered central plasticity in tinnitus is more sensitive to the combined actions on the cholinergic and the endocannabinoid systems. Overall, the findings contribute to a better understanding of pharmacological modulation of auditory sensory gating.