julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Microdeletion 4p16.3 in three unrelated patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
2000-01-01

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a multiple malformation syndrome caused by partial monosomy of 4p16.3. Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome, first thought to be a distinct entity, is a similar condition associated with a microdeletion overlapping the WHS critical region. In this paper we evaluate three WHS patients showing a microdeletion of 4p and remarkable development with respect to the clinical spectrum of WHS.
Nonisothermal effects in the process of soot formation in ethylene pyrolysis behind shock waves
2000-01-01

The nonisothermal nature of hydrocarbon pyrolysis explains the differences in the critical temperatures of soot formation in the experimental studies of these processes. When reaction heats are taken into account, the critical temperatures become close to 1600 K for all the systems studied. The estimated standard enthalpy of carbon atom formation in the composition of soot particles is Delta H-f,H-Z approximate to 11 +/- 6 kJ/mol. A kinetic model is proposed for soot formation in ethylene pyrolysis that describes the experimental data. The calculated temperature of soot particles may differ substantially depending on the choice of a model for energy exchange in collisions.
How are results represented and modified? Remarks on Jäger & Blutner's anti-decomposition
2000-01-01

The paper investigates a recent proposal to resultativity by G. Jäger and R. Blutner (J&amp;B). J&amp;B say that the representation of result states of accomplishments by means of CAUSE and BECOME is not correct and should not be done in the syntax in terms of decomposition. They develop an axiomatic approach where each accomplishment/achievement is related to its result by a particular axiom. Modification of the result by "again" makes use of these axioms and the restitutive/resultative ambiguity is a matter of lexical ambiguity or polysemy. They argue that the classical decomposition theory cannot treat the restitutive reading of "A Delaware settled in New Jersey again" (there had been Delawares in New Jersey but not this particular one; and those earlier Delawares never moved to New Jersey but were borne there). I discuss (and dispute) these data and compare the two theories. J&amp;B's contains an OT-part dealing with the disambiguating role of stress. While the decomposition theory cannot deal with the data mentioned, it can integrate the OT-part of J&amp;B's theory.&#x0D;
An Immersive Virtual Environment for Special Relativity.
2000-01-01

In this paper, an immersive virtual environment is presented which allows the user to virtually explore and&#13;\\nexperience special relativity, including phenomena such as Lorentz contraction, time dilation, aberration,&#13;\\nand finite speed of light. The&#13;\\nrelativistic-vehicle-control&#13;\\nmetaphor — a physically based camera control&#13;\\ntechnique — is introduced for navigating at high velocities. Acceleration of the relativistic observer is investigated. Furthermore, tracking of both the position and velocity of the user is considered. A geometric&#13;\\napproach to relativistic polygon rendering is described. The rendering pipeline is extended to accomplish&#13;\\nthe relativistic transformations in parallel. The implementation supports multiprocessor and multipipe&#13;\\nsystems for fast rendering and the same frame rates can be achieved for relativistic visualization as for&#13;\\nnon-relativistic rendering.
Study of Nucleon-Nucleon and Hyperon-Nucleon Interaction
2000-01-01

In this paper we review recent investigations of nucleon-nucleon andhyperon-nucleon interactions employing a non-relativistic quark cluster model. We concentrate mainly on the short andmed ium-range behavior of the baryon-baryon interaction basedon the onegluon andmeson exchange potentials. The chiral quark mod el basedon pion andsigma exchange between quarks is also discussed. We also review a study of the deuteron and its electromagnetic properties in a quark model with exchange currents. There have been a lot of investigations of single baryon properties using the constituent quark model. The study of Isgur and Karl 1) has shown that the baryon spectra are nicely reproduced using the non-relativistic constituent quark model. The confined quarks interact with each other through residual interactions. Isgur and Karl employed the one-gluon exchange potential (OGEP) 2) as residual interaction. The spin-dependent part of the OGEP, called the color magnetic interaction, can explain the mass difference between octet and decuplet baryons, such as the nucleon and the ∆ resonance. Introducing a flavor SU(3) breaking term due to the strange quark mass, the model can also explain the mass difference between Σ and Λ particles as well as the mass difference between strange baryons and nucleons. A chiral quark model, where the residual interactions among quarks are dominated by Goldstone boson exchange due to the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, has been employed to study the baryon spectra. 3) This model has been shown to produce the nucleon and ∆ mass difference due to the pseudoscalar meson exchange interaction in a right direction. The absolute value, however, strongly depends on the model of the baryon. In a model where the baryon size is around 0.6 fm, the contribution from the pseudoscalar (ps) meson exchange is roughly one third of the observed mass difference between the nucleon and ∆. Therefore, the rest of the mass difference must be supplied by another mechanism such as the OGEP. It has been shown that the whole mass difference is given by the ps meson exchange if the nucleon size is about 0.3 fm. 4)
Hysteroscopic Surgery - Complications and Their Prevention
2000-01-01

During the last few years, diagnostic hysteroscopy has become a standard procedure in the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding, sonographically suspicious endometrial reflex and fertility disorders. At the same time the hysteroscopic treatment of intrauterine pathology is becoming more common. Today, hysteroscopic resection of uterine myomas, dissection of uterine septa, and endometrial ablation are standard procedures. Using monopolar cutting devices and saline-free distension media, hysteroscopic surgery bears specific risks. The knowledge of these risks is important to avoid typical complications of operative hysteroscopy. This article gives an overview about the most common procedures of operative hysteroscopy and the combined risks. Criteria for a safe procedure are defined in order to increase the quality management of operative hysteroscopy.
Analyzing real-time systems
2000-01-01

Temporal logic model checking is a technique for the automatic verification of systems against specifications. Besides the correctness of safety and liveness properties it is often important to determine critical answer and delay times of systems, especially if they are embedded in a real-time environment. In this paper we present an approach which allows the verification as well as the timing analysis of real-time systems. The systems are described as networks of communicating time-extended finite state machines (I/O-interval structures). We use a compact symbolic representation to obtain efficient analysis algorithms.
Color-vision disturbances in patients with coronary artery disease
2000-01-01

In view of the generally impaired vascular condition in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), we were interested in the condition of their color perception. Color vision was examined by the cap-sorting test, Roth 28-hue desaturated. Twenty-four patients (m:f = 23:1; mean age 58 ± 9 years) with an angiographically documented coronary artery disease and 30 generally healthy controls (m:f = 29:1; mean age 54 ± 7) were examined. Visual acuity, visual field, intraocular pressure, and the cup/disc ratio of the patients were within normal range. However, the results of the color vision testing revealed a significantly higher error score in the group of patients with CAD than in the control group (median ± mean absolute deviation: 222 ± 84; p < 0.001). In conclusion, although patients with coronary artery disease appeared ophthalmologically healthy under routine eye examination, their color vision was disturbed. This should be taken into account in color-vision testing to avoid diagnostic inferences between specifically ocular diseases (e.g., glaucoma) and atherosclerosis. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, S288–S291, 2001
ALLiS
2000-01-01

We present ALLiS, a learning system for identifying syntactic structures which uses theory refinement. When other learning techniques (symbolic or statistical) are widely used in Natural Language Learning, few applications use theory refinement (Abecker and Schmid, 1996), (Mooney, 1993). We would like to show that even a basic implementation of notions used in TR is enough to build an efficient machine learning system concerning the task of learning linguistic structures.
Illumination and acceleration in the visualization of special relativity: a comment on fast rendering of relativistic objects
2000-01-01

We address the issue of illumination and acceleration in special relativistic visualization. Betts (J. Visual. Comput. Animat. 1998; 9: 17–31) presents an incorrect derivation of the transformation of the Rayleigh–Jeans radiation, which we compare to the correct transformation of radiance in the framework of special relativity. His rendering algorithm can be modified to correctly account for the relativistic effects on illumination. Furthermore, we show how acceleration can be included in special relativistic visualization by calculating the trajectory of accelerating objects, which is a prerequisite for a physically based camera model. Therefore interaction and animation in special relativistic visualization are possible. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronically Elevated Endothelin-1 Concentrations Modulate the β-Adrenergic Receptor System In Vitro and In Vivo
2000-01-01

In atherosclerosis and heart failure chronically elevated endothelin-1 (ET-1) plasma concentrations have been found which correlate with an increased mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chronically elevated ET-1 concentrations in vitro on the expression of the beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR), the alpha-subunit of the stimulatory guanine-nucleotide-binding protein (G(s alpha)), and to determine betaAR's ability to activate adenylyl cyclase. In order to elucidate the effects of elevated ET-1 concentrations in vivo, male rats were infused with ET-1 and betaAR density was measured. Smooth muscle cells were incubated with ET-1 (10(-7) mol/l) for 6 to 48 h. Densities of betaARs were determined by radioligand binding studies and the G(s alpha) was analyzed by Western blotting. Isoproterenol-mediated adenylyl cyclase activity was measured. Additionally male rats were infused with ET-1 for 3 weeks. In vitro the betaAR density increased by 52% (p < 0.05, n = 5). The G(s alpha) increased to 260%. The isoproterenol-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity was increased to 228%. In vivo, the pulmonary and myocardial betaAR density was elevated by 43% and 97%, respectively. Chronic ET receptor activation induces a transregulation of betaARs in vitro and in vivo.
An on-line phase measurement system for quality assurance of the BSD 2000. Part I: technical description of the measurement system
2000-01-01

The hyperthermia system BSD 2000 with the ring applicator Sigma 60 utilizes the principle of a phase controlled group radiation source. The accuracy of the phase relationship between the four receiving HF signals is crucial for the position of the electric field inside the applicator. Therefore, essential significance falls to the phase control of the system. An automatic phase measuring technique has been developed to register immediately the phase position of the four channels of the BSD 2000 with respect to a reference signal. The system improves the insurance of the technical safeguarding. In the first part of this work, the technical realization of the measurement system is described and first measurements with the system are given. In the second part, results with respect to the quality assurance of the BSD 2000 system are presented.
Synergistic effect between iron and gadolinium in MRI
2000-01-01

Different combinations of iron glycerophosphate (Fe) and gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) (Gd) were imaged with a three-dimensional (3D) gradient-recalled echo (GRE), a 2D GRE, and a HASTE sequence on a 1.5-T MR scanner. A combination of Fe and Gd results in a synergistic effect, which improves the signal gain for selective 3D imaging of the colon and simultaneously decreases the endoluminal signal on the HASTE and 2D GRE images for better visualization of water and Gd-enhanced structures in the gut wall.
An on-line phase measurement system for quality assurance of the BSD 2000. Part II: results of the phase measurement system
2000-01-01

Phase constancy and accuracy are significant for regional hyperthermia with phased array radiofrequency hyperthermia systems. They are both necessary for a precise target steering in therapy. For the BSD 2000 system (BSD Medical Corp. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA), the phase values of all channels are checked with a self-developed automatic on-line phase measurement system. On different days the phases are measured under identical conditions, where the output paths are cut off with 50 ohm dummy loads to suppress the influence of the radiation conditions of the antennae on the measurement values. The results show how the phase values of the four channels change in the first 30 min and from day to day. During this time interval after the start the phases drop down by up to 15 degrees. For the time later changes are very slight and the differences from day to day are negligible. The phase shift that occurs in the first 30 min is as high as a change of the target point by 1 cm. Earlier switching on of the amplifiers prevents this shift occurring during the treatment. The measurement system provides a good tool for determination of phase accuracy and is easy to realize.
Vibrational spectra andab initio calculations on trichloromethanesulphenyl cyanide, CCl3SCN
2000-01-01

IR and Raman spectra were recorded for liquid trichloromethanesulphenyl cyanide, CCl3SCN. Quantum chemical calculations were carried out on the molecules CX3SCN (X = Cl, F, H) with ab intio (HF, MP2) and density functional methods (BPW91, B3PW91). According to all computational approaches the compounds CX3SCN posses Cs symmetry and a staggered orientation of the CX3 group with respect to the S—CN group. On the basis of these results, a wavenumber assignment is proposed in terms of Cs symmetry. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sun leaf or shade leaf? – Known facts in the light of new data with implications for palaeobotany
2000-01-01

Abstract A short review of morphological and anatomical differences between sun and shade leaves as well as some new data about morphological differences of recent sun and shade leaves are given. It is shown that at least at the moment, it is not possible to differentiate between fossil sun and shade leaves only by means of morphological parameters. Additionally, a short definition of the terms of sun and shade leaf is given.
Phantom-training courses in Tübingen
2000-01-01

Almost 2000 surgeons have taken part in training programmes for minimally-invasive surgery in our department since 1989. Different operations are simulated in training phantoms. Intensive development work has led to the production of human body forms in which animal tissue from the slaughterhouse is integrated, to mimic realistic human anatomy. Quality control and inquiries showed good learning curves and high acceptance of the training method among participants.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Palladium(II) Complex with (L)-3-Acetyl-5-benzyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6-one Oxime. Part II
2000-01-01

The synthesis and structural properties of the four-coordinate Pd(L) 2 (4), where L is chiral 3-acetyl-5-benzyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6-one oxime, (2) are described.Deep-red needles of 4 crystallize in the hexagonal space group P6 1 .The crystallographic data reveal that the two oxime ligands are not symmetrically coordinated to Pd(II) ion, and the 4N-donor set comprises both oxime nitrogens, an amidrazone nitrogen and a hydrazone nitrogen. 1H-, 13 C-NMR and FD-MS spectral data of 4 are consistent with its X-Ray molecular structure.
Effect of the Selective Adenosine A1Receptor Antagonist KW-3902 on Tubuloglomerular Feedback in Radiocontrast-Media-Induced Nephropathy in Rats With Chronic Nitric Oxide Deficiency
2000-01-01

To study the possible mechanism of renoprotective effects of adenosine A1-receptor antagonist against radiocontrast media (RCM)-induced nephropathy, we investigated the effects of adenosine A1-receptor antagonist on tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) activity prior to and following application of RCM in chronic NO-depleted rats. TGF in NO-depleted rats was significantly enhanced compared with that in normal rats. After RCM application, the enhanced TGF was continued. A selective adenosine A1-receptor antagonist, KW-3902 (8-(noradamantan-3-yl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine), inhibited the enhanced TGF. These results suggest that KW-3902 could inhibit TGF in chronic NO-depleted rats. Renoprotective effects by adenosine antagonists could be partly due to an inhibition of TGF via the blockade of the adenosine A1-receptor.
Evaluation of Protein S-100 serum concentrations in healthy newborns and seven newborns with perinatal acidosis
2000-01-01

We measured Protein S-100 serum levels in 66 healthy newborns during the first week of life and in 7 newborns with perinatal acidosis. Normal values (n= 66) constantly ranged between 0.66 and 3.33 ug/1 (2.5 and 97.5 percentiles) during the evaluation period. Conclusions: Newborns with signs of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) after perinatal acidosis showed elevated Protein S-100 serum levels, whereas newborns without these signs had normal concentrations. S-100 might thus be a marker of central nervous system damage in newborns.
Rod and L-cone interactions in a deuteranope at different temporal frequencies
2000-01-01

The dynamics of interactions between rods and L-cones in a deuteranopic human observer at different temporal frequencies were studied, by measuring flicker detection thresholds for different ratios of rod to L-cone modulation. Retinal illuminance was 7.4 td and retinal eccentricity was 5°. Modulation frequency varied between 1–15 Hz. A model, based on a vector addition of responses originating in the rods and the L-cones, can describe the threshold data. We found that up to 9 Hz temporal frequency the rods and the L-cones interacted additively, whereas at larger frequencies (10–15 Hz) the interaction was inhibitory. The phase difference between the rods and the L-cones increased linearly with temporal frequency, indicating a difference in delay time of about 26 ms. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, S76–S78, 2001
A Long Straight Stem with Distal Interlocking for Uncemented Stem Revision in THR.
2000-01-01

Femoral revision in total hip replacement (THR) is often demanding due to severe bone defects of the proximal femur. The surgical technique must provide sufficient stability in the distal femur. However, long-term stability depends on preserving or even rebuilding proximal bone stock.
Simulation in anaesthesia: A step towards improved patient safety
2000-01-01

Modern anaesthesia simulators are complex, highly sophisticated systems that can be used for a variety of purposes, ranging from the training of single procedures to the training of complex criticalincident scenarios. A specially-trained instructor is necessary to provide the maximum learning experience without harm to the trainee. We give a comprehensive overview of the technical features of an anaesthesia simulator system, and of its possible applications and requirements, focussing on the system's use in complex team-training situations (crisis resource management).
Staircase baker′s map generates flaring‐type time series
2000-01-01

The baker’s map, invented by Eberhard Hopf in 1937, is an intuitively accesible, two‐dimensional chaos‐generating discrete dynamical system. This map, which describes the transformation of an idealized two‐dimensional dough by stretching, cutting and piling, is non‐dissipative. Nevertheless the “ x ” variable is identical with the dissipative, one‐dimensional Bernoulli‐shift‐generating map. The generalization proposed here takes up ideas of Yaacov Sinai in a modified form. It has a staircase‐like shape, with every next step half as high as the preceding one. Each pair of neighboring elements exchanges an equal volume (area) during every iteration step in a scaled manner. Since the density of iterated points is constant, the thin tail (to the right, say) is visited only exponentially rarely. This observation already explains the map′s main qualitative behavior: The “ x ” variable shows “flares”. The time series of this variable is closely analogous to that of a flaring‐type dissipative dynamical system – like those recently described in an abstract economic model. An initial point starting its journey in the tale (or “antenna”, if we tilt the map upwards by 90 degrees) is predictably attracted by the broad left hand (bottom) part, in order to only very rarely venture out again to the tip. Yet whenever it does so, it thereby creates, with the top of a flare, a new “far‐from‐equilibrium” initial condition, in this reversible system. The system therefore qualifies as a discrete analogue to a far‐from‐equilibrium multiparticle Hamiltonian system. The height of the flare hereby corresponds to the momentary height of the H function of a gas. An observable which is even more closely related to the momentary negative entropy was recently described. Dependent on the numerical accuracy chosen, “Poincaré cycles” of two different types (periodic and nonperiodic) can be observed for the first time.
Ravenelia cenostigmatis, a new rust fungus from Brazil
2000-01-01

Ravenelia cenostigmatis is described as a new species of plant rust (Uredinales) on Cenostigma gardnerianum (Caesalpiniaceae) from Brazilian Cerrado. Teliospore heads of R. cenostigmatis exhibit an unusually complex structure with four different kinds of cells: teliospore cells, sterile apical cells (intercalary between pedicel hyphae and teliospores), sterile hygroscopic cysts, and morphologically distinct border cells. The last are flattened, elaborately ornamented and probably sterile cells that are wedged between the teliospores and the cysts. Ravenelia cenostigmatis probably belongs to a natural assemblage of ravenelias that occur on caesalpiniaceous hosts and exhibit similar morphological traits.
Cystosarcoma phyllodes malignum: a case report of a successive triple modality treatment
2000-01-01

This paper reports on a woman with a rapidly growing recurrent cystosarcoma phyllodes malignum after two major attempts of surgery. In this situation, neoadjuvant hyperfractionated radiotherapy, superficial hyperthermia and ifosfamide were administered. Toxicity was mild. Resection of the tumour bed revealed a pathologically complete response with an actual disease free follow-up of 48 months.