julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Treatment of atypical depression: Post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled study testing the efficacy of sertraline and cognitive behavioural therapy in mildly depressed outpatients
2010-06-10

Abstract Objective Atypical features are common among depressed primary care patients, but clinical trials testing the efficacy of psychopharmacological and/or psychotherapeutic treatment are lacking. This paper examines the efficacy of sertraline and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) among depressed patients with atypical features. Subjects and methods Analyses involve a double-blind comparison of sertraline versus placebo ( N = 47) and a single-blind comparison between CBT versus a guided self-help group (GSG) ( N = 48), with primary efficacy endpoints being the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS C ) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17). Results In intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses, the decrease on the IDS C scale (and HAMD-17) was greater after CBT compared to GSG: p = 0.01 (HAMD-17: p = 0.01). The difference between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) versus placebo was not significant: p = 0.22 (HAMD-17: p = 0.36). Limitations The number of cases in each treatment group was small, thereby limiting statistical power. Patients medicated with sertraline were 10 to 15 years younger than those included in the other groups of treatment. Conclusions CBT may be an effective alternative to GSG for mildly depressed patients with atypical features. Although SSRI were not superior to placebo, it would be premature to rule out SSRI as efficacious in atypical depression.
Neuroimaging of multimodal sensory stimulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
2010-06-11

Multiparametric MRI suggests a progressive functional deficit in secondary/higher order sensory processing areas in ALS, probably associated with reduction of re-afferent information flow due to progressive immobility. The changes described might also represent an expression of the disease process itself. Evidence for compensatory processes in multimodal associative cortices was found.
DifferentialvarGene Expression in Children with Malaria and Antidromic Effects on Host Gene Expression
2010-06-11

Among 62 children with mild malaria, cerebral malaria, or severe malarial anemia, we analyzed the transcription of different var gene types. There was no difference in parasitemia level or body temperature between groups. However, a significantly different expression pattern was observed in children with cerebral malaria, compared with that in patients in the other 2 groups: children with cerebral malaria had lower expression of the upsA subtype but higher expression of the upsB and upsC subtypes. Furthermore, expression of human genes responsive to tumor necrosis factor and hypoxia correlated with distinct ups types.
Production of $ \\eta$ and 3$ \\pi$ mesons in the pd $ \\rightarrow$ 3HeX reaction at 1360 and 1450 MeV
2010-06-11

\\n The cross-sections of the pd\\n \\n3He , pd\\n \\n3He \\n \\n and pd\\n \\n3He \\n \\n reactions have been measured at the beam kinetic energies T\\np= 1360 MeV and T\\np= 1450 MeV using the CELSIUS/WASA detector setup. At both energies, the differential cross-section of the meson in the pd\\n \\n3He reaction shows a strong forward-backward asymmetry in the CMS. The ratio between the pd\\n \\n3He \\n \\n and pd\\n \\n3He \\n \\n cross-sections has been analysed in terms of isospin amplitudes. The reconstructed invariant-mass distributions of the \\n ,\\n \\n3He \\nand\\n\\n \\n3He2 systems provide hints on the role of nucleon resonances in the 3 production process.\\n
Testing Evolutionary and Dispersion Scenarios for the Settlement of the New World
2010-06-14

We conclude that the morphological diversity documented through time in the New World is best accounted for by a model postulating two waves of human expansion into the continent originating in East Asia and entering through Beringia.
Locally Resolved Core‐hole Screening, Molecular Orientation, and Morphology in Thin Films of Diindenoperylene Deposited on Au(111) Single Crystals
2010-06-14

Organic electronics has reached the market in a very short period of time, since the first organic light emitting device has been demonstrated.[1] Growth of organic thin films has been the focus of intensive investigations that in the recent years have gained knowledge about the involved mechanisms: substrate-molecule interaction versus molecule-molecule interaction, preparation parameters, substrate morphology (i.e., roughness, local defects, steps), and post growth treatment.[2–6] Here we investigate thin films of diindenoperylene deposited on Au(111) single crystals by using photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM). We also discuss the effect of the growth on the film structure using the molecular orientation (i.e., the angle between the molecular axis and the substrate).
An experimental test for effects of the maternal environment on delayed germination
2010-06-14

Summary 1. Recent models on bet‐hedging germination in annual plants assume a negative relationship between the proportion of offspring that germinate and the quality of the maternal environment. An increase in the proportion of seeds remaining dormant in the next year, when produced in seasons with high reproduction may result from selection that avoids overcrowding in the following year. 2. We present the first empirical test of this prediction by utilizing a field experiment in Israel which manipulated the entire maternal environment. We subjected semi‐arid and Mediterranean annual plant communities to different rainfall treatments: control, reduced and increased rainfall. We then related maternal environment quality to offspring germination fractions for three focal species in two consecutive seasons. 3. There was a negative relationship between the quality of the maternal environment and offspring germination fraction in four out of twelve cases. The negative relationship was stronger for the least competitive species and in the environment with high competition intensity, supporting the role of competition for the observed pattern. 4. Our results suggest that competition with all neighbours is more likely to explain the pattern than sib competition. 5. Synthesis. Our findings provide the first experimental evidence of a highly reliable cue (productivity of maternal environment) that allows for plants to respond to their future biotic environment. There is an urgent need for testing predictions of theoretical models in natural populations and for incorporating the role of density dependence in studies of bet‐hedging germination.
Solving a 50 year mystery of a missing OPA1 mutation: more insights from the first family diagnosed with autosomal dominant optic atrophy
2010-06-14

Abstract Background Up to the 1950s, there was an ongoing debate about the diversity of hereditary optic neuropathies, in particular as to whether all inherited optic atrophies can be ascribed to Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) or represent different disease entities. In 1954 W. Jaeger published a detailed clinical and genealogical investigation of a large family with explicit autosomal dominant segregation of optic atrophy thus proving the existence of a discrete disease different from LHON, which is nowadays known as autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA). Since the year 2000 ADOA is associated with genomic mutations in the OPA1 gene, which codes for a protein that is imported into mitochondria where it is required for mitochondrial fusion. Interestingly enough, the underlying mutation in this family has not been identified since then. Results We have reinvestigated this family with the aim to identify the mutation and to further clarify the underlying pathomechanism. Patients showed a classical non-syndromic ADOA. The long term deterioration in vision in the two teenagers examined 50 years later is of particular note 5/20 to 6/120. Multiplex ligation probe amplification revealed a duplication of the OPA1 exons 7-9 which was confirmed by long distance PCR and cDNA analysis, resulting in an in-frame duplication of 102 amino acids. Segregation was verified in 53 available members of the updated pedigree and a penetrance of 88% was calculated. Fibroblast cultures from skin biopsies were established to assess the mitochondrial network integrity and to qualitatively and quantitatively study the consequences of the mutation on transcript and protein level. Fibroblast cultures demonstrated a fragmented mitochondrial network. Processing of the OPA1 protein was altered. There was no correlation of the OPA1 transcript levels and the OPA1 protein levels in the fibroblasts. Intriguingly an overall decrease of mitochondrial proteins was observed in patients' fibroblasts, while the OPA1 transcript levels were elevated. Conclusions The thorough study of this family provides a detailed clinical picture accompanied by a molecular investigation of patients' fibroblasts. Our data show a classic OPA1 -associated non-syndromic ADOA segregating in this family. Cell biological findings suggest that OPA1 is regulated by post-translational mechanisms and we would like to hypothesize that loss of OPA1 function might lead to impaired mitochondrial quality control. With the clinical, genetic and cell biological characterisation of a family described already more than 50 years ago, we span more than half a century of research in optic neuropathies.
Effect of Gas Type on Foam Film Permeability and Its Implications for Foam Flow in Porous Media
2010-06-14

Abstract The ability of foam to control the gas mobility in porous media is determined in part by the trapped (stationary) fraction of foam, Xt. The common approach to determining Xt is to replace some part of the gas by a "tracer gas" during the steady-state stage of the experiments and fitting the effluent data to a capacitance mass-transfer model. Diffusion between bubbles is quantified by the film permeability coefficient, K (cm/s). We measured the film permeability coefficient of different gases for foam films made of four surfactants. The results show that the value of K is largely dependent on the dissolution of gas in the surfactant solution and increases with increasing gas solubility in the bulk liquid. The measured values of K are consistent with rapid diffusion of tracer through trapped gas adjacent to flowing gas in porous media, and difficulties in interpreting the results of tracer-foam experiments with conventional capacitance models. Effective diffusion coefficients of gases through trapped foam can be estimated from K. These diffusion coefficients differ substantially, and this implies swelling or shrinkage of trapped gas from diffusion. The implications of the results for foam flow in porous media is discussed in detail and some suggestions are given to improve the measurements and modeling of trapped fraction of foam.
Patient‐reported outcome assessment in vasculitis may provide important data and a unique perspective
2010-06-15

Abstract Objective To assess patients' self‐estimates of the burden of disease in vasculitis and to compare data across patient populations from the US, Germany, and the UK. Outcome assessment in vasculitis primarily focuses on physician evaluations of disease activity and damage. Little is known about the patients' perspectives regarding the burden of disease. Methods Patients ranked (scale 0–5) a list of vasculitis‐related items to estimate a combination of pain, interference with daily function, discomfort and/or annoyance, anxiety/psychological impact, and medical importance. Patients were also asked to list the 5 most troublesome aspects of the disease. Results Data from 264 patients with vasculitis from 3 countries were collected. Wegener's granulomatosis was the predominant disease, comprising 63% of the cohort. Diagnoses were confirmed by physicians in 98% of cases. The most common item from the free‐text sections was fatigue (75%), followed by pain (31%), musculoskeletal symptoms (24%), difficulty breathing (19%), financial aspects (13%), nasal discharge/crusting (14%), and weight gain (10%). Rankings of individual items varied substantially: fatigue (3.5), loss of energy (3.4), weight gain (3.1), joint pain (3.0), and sinusitis (3.0) were the highest‐ranked symptoms among those manifestations experienced by at least 50% of patients. Several severe manifestations (e.g., dialysis, seizures, oxygen dependency) were ranked lower (&lt;3.0). Conclusion Fatigue and reduced energy level are considered the most important disease burdens by patients with vasculitis; manifestations associated with organ damage were rated lower. The patients' perspectives of the impact of vasculitis differ from the physicians' ratings. Future outcome assessment in vasculitis should include the patients' perspectives.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria in Infants in Sub-Saharan Africa
2010-06-15

IPTi delivered alongside the EPI is a highly cost effective intervention against clinical malaria with a range of drugs in a range of malaria transmission settings. Where IPTi did not have a statistically significant impact on malaria, generally in low transmission sites, it was not cost effective.
The Teleology of Poetics in Medieval Kashmir. By Lawrence J. McCrea, Harvard Oriental Series, vol. 71. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008. Pp. 470. ISBN 10: 0-674-03273X; 13: 978-0-674-032736.
2010-06-15

The Teleology of Poetics in Medieval Kashmir. By Lawrence J. McCrea, Harvard Oriental Series, vol. 71. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008. Pp. 470. ISBN 10: 0-674-03273X; 13: 978-0-674-032736. - Volume 7 Issue 2
ADAM17 Regulates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression through the Activation of Notch1 in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
2010-06-16

Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression and activation are hallmarks of non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Although EGFR-targeted therapies are used, the prognosis of NSCLC remains poor. ADAM17 induces activation of the EGFR through ligand cleavage. However, we show that inhibition or knockdown of ADAM17 markedly reduces tumorigenesis and survival to a large part independently from EGFR ligand shedding in NSCLC cells. These findings strongly indicate additional oncogenic mechanisms regulated by ADAM17. We identified Notch1 signaling as an ADAM17-controlled pathway and a critical regulator of anchorage-independent growth by using both Notch1 shRNA and ectopic expression of the active intracellular Notch1 fragment. Strikingly, Notch1 knockdown led to a strong reduction of EGFR expression in all analyzed cell lines. Proliferation, survival, and colony formation of Notch1-deficient cells were insensitive to EGF stimulation. Moreover, targeting Notch1 or ADAM17 resulted in substantial cell death, whereas EGFR inhibition predominantly induced cell cycle arrest. Immunohistochemical analysis of primary human tissue revealed a significant correlation between ADAM17, Notch1 signaling, and high EGFR expression levels. In conclusion, this article describes a novel molecular circuitry in NSCLC, incorporating ADAM17 as a regulator of EGFR expression through the activation of Notch1. Due to their central role in tumorigenesis and survival of NSCLC cells, both ADAM17 and Notch1 constitute promising targets for the treatment of NSCLC. Cancer Res; 70(13); 5368–78. ©2010 AACR.
ChemInform Abstract: Epoxy Pyranoses, Chiral Synthons for Versatile Regio- and Stereocontrolled Functionalizations
2010-06-16

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate Chains and Their Binding Sites in Mistletoe Lectin I
2010-06-16

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Anhydro Sugars to Enantiomerically Pure Building Blocks: Efficient Syntheses of γ-Lactones and Furanoids
2010-06-16

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Nephritogenoside Glycopeptide
2010-06-16

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Passage of radiation through wormholes of arbitrary shape
2010-06-17

We study quasinormal modes and scattering properties via calculation of the S matrix for scalar and electromagnetic fields propagating in the background of spherically symmetric and axially symmetric traversable Lorentzian wormholes of a generic shape. Such wormholes are described by the general Morris-Thorne ansatz. The properties of quasinormal ringing and scattering are shown to be determined by the behavior of the wormhole's shape function b(r) and shift factor Phi(r) near the throat. In particular, wormholes with the shape function b(r), such that b(dr) approximate to 1, have very long-lived quasinormal modes in the spectrum. We have proved that the axially symmetric traversable Lorentzian wormholes, unlike black holes and other compact rotating objects, do not allow for superradiance. As a by-product we have shown that the 6th order WKB formula used for scattering problems of black or wormholes gives quite high accuracy and thus can be used for quite accurate calculations of the Hawking radiation processes around various black holes.
Insights into Peroxisome Function from the Structure of PEX3 in Complex with a Soluble Fragment of PEX19
2010-06-17

The human peroxins PEX3 and PEX19 play a central role in peroxisomal membrane biogenesis. The membrane-anchored PEX3 serves as the receptor for cytosolic PEX19, which in turn recognizes newly synthesized peroxisomal membrane proteins. After delivering these proteins to the peroxisomal membrane, PEX19 is recycled to the cytosol. The molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are not well understood. Here, we report the crystal structure of the cytosolic domain of PEX3 in complex with a PEX19-derived peptide. PEX3 adopts a novel fold that is best described as a large helical bundle. A hydrophobic groove at the membrane-distal end of PEX3 engages the PEX19 peptide with nanomolar affinity. Mutagenesis experiments identify phenylalanine 29 in PEX19 as critical for this interaction. Because key PEX3 residues involved in complex formation are highly conserved across species, the observed binding mechanism is of general biological relevance.
Ternary Complex Factors SAP-1 and Elk-1, but Not Net, Are Functionally Equivalent in Thymocyte Development
2010-06-17

Abstract The ternary complex factors (TCFs; SAP-1, Elk-1, and Net) are serum response factor cofactors that share many functional properties and are coexpressed in many tissues. SAP-1, the predominant thymus TCF, is required for thymocyte positive selection. In this study, we assessed whether the different TCFs are functionally equivalent. Elk-1 deletion, but not the hypomorphic Netδ mutation, exacerbated the SAP-1 positive selection phenotype, but triply deficient thymocytes were no more defective than SAP-1−/− Elk-1−/− cells. Inactivation of the other TCFs did not affect SAP-1–independent processes, including β-selection, regulatory T cell selection, and negative selection, although reduced marginal zone B cells were observed in SAP-1−/− Elk-1−/− animals. Ectopic expression of Elk-1, but not Net, rescued positive selection of SAP-1−/− thymocytes; thus, SAP-1 and Elk-1 are functionally equivalent in this system, and the SAP-1 null selection phenotype reflects only its high expression in the thymus. Array analysis of TCR-stimulated double-positive cells identified SAP-1–dependent inducible genes whose transcription was further impaired in SAP-1−/− Elk-1−/− cells; thus, these genes, which include Egr-1 and Egr-2, represent candidate mediators of positive selection. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed subtly different promoter targeting between the different TCFs. Ectopic expression of Egr-1 restored positive selection in SAP-1 null thymocytes, establishing it (and possibly other Egr family members) as the major effector for ERK–SAP-1 signaling in thymocyte positive selection.
Zone-plate focusing of Bose–Einstein condensates for atom optics and erasable high-speed lithography of quantum electronic components
2010-06-17

We show that Fresnel zone plates, fabricated in a solid surface, can sharply focus atomic Bose-Einstein condensates that quantum reflect from the surface or pass through the etched holes. The focusing process compresses the condensate by orders of magnitude despite inter-atomic repulsion. Crucially, the focusing dynamics are insensitive to quantum fluctuations of the atom cloud and largely preserve the condensates' coherence, suggesting applications in passive atom-optical elements, for example zone plate lenses that focus atomic matter waves and light at the same point to strengthen their interaction. We explore transmission zone-plate focusing of alkali atoms as a route to erasable and scalable lithography of quantum electronic components in two-dimensional electron gases embedded in semiconductor nanostructures. To do this, we calculate the density profile of a two-dimensional electron gas immediately below a patch of alkali atoms deposited on the surface of the nanostructure by zone-plate focusing. Our results reveal that surface-induced polarization of only a few thousand adsorbed atoms can locally deplete the electron gas. We show that, as a result, the focused deposition of alkali atoms by existing zone plates can create quantum electronic components on the 50 nm scale, comparable to that attainable by ion beam implantation but with minimal damage to either the nanostructure or electron gas.
Regulation of Food Safety in the EU: Changing Patterns of Multi-Level Governance
2010-06-17

After several food scandals in the past decades, regulatory regimes in food safety have been reformed on the level of the European Union and in most EU member states. In most countries, independent agencies have been created and mainly perform tasks in risk assessment. In our contribution, we focus on national institutional choices concerning these agencies in all 27 member states and ask whether or not these choices can be explained by path dependency or rather as a phenomenon of Europeanization at the national level. Based on a survey of all national regimes and the EU level we can observe some trends that require further scholarly studies. The main feature is that there are two dominant agency models in food safety governance: either a separation of risk assessment from risk management or an integrated model. The first one is a new development triggered by soft Europeanization effects, which are due to functional requirements and learning effects. Furthermore, these agencies have a more or less central role within the emerging network between the European Food Safety Authority EFSA and the national competent authorities.