julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Neutrino Flavor Sensitivity of Large Liquid Scintillator Detectors
2015-01-01

Scintillator detectors are known for their good light yield, energy resolution, timing characteristics and pulse shape discrimination capabilities. These features make the next-generation liquid scintillation detector LENA[1] (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) the optimal choice for a wide range of astro-particle topics including supernova-, solar-, and geo neutrinos. In addition to the excellent calorimetric and timing properties, scintillartor detectors (LSDs) are also capable of topology reconstruction sufficient to discriminate with adequate efficiency between electron and muon neutrino induced charge current events and neutral current events in the GeV energy range. This feature makes LENA a competitive tool for the determination of the mass hierarchy (MH) with long baseline neutrino beams such as the proposed CN2PY beam (2288 km). This work summarizes the status of the current work on track reconstruction schemes and discusses the sensitivity limit for the neutrino mass hierarchy measurement with LENA.
Children of Buddha, or Caretakers of Women?
2015-01-01

This paper deals with the self-understandings of ordained Buddhist women ( nisō 尼僧, ama 尼) in contemporary Japan. Their situation is characterized by discrimination and limited access to clerical positions on the one hand and, with the exception of monastic nuns, by their lack of a clearly defined role on the other. Although the training required to attain the status of a fully ordained cleric is firmly regulated by each Buddhist school, ordained women’s subsequent way of life is not. They may be married and have their own families. They may be the head priestess of a temple, the wife of a temple priest, or work in a temple. They may live according to Buddhist precepts in private, or have secular jobs. Under these conditions, ordained women have found ways of empowering themselves by interpreting their role in accordance with their social contexts and by re-evaluating conservative conceptions of gender.
Don Quixote of the Air
2015-01-01

Such is Cervantes' portrait of the impoverished nobleman who, as Don Quixote, rides forth into the world on his old nag Rocinante. From countless books of chivalry, the "knight of sad countenance" takes the paradigms and ways of thinking that he will use for his encounter with reality.
Volare! The Fascist Take-off Towards Eternal Order
2015-01-01

On August 20, 1919, almost exactly five months after the founding of the fasci di combattimento on the Piazza San Sepolcro in Milan, a full-page article on aviation appeared in Il Popolo d'Italia, the newspaper founded by Mussolini in 1914. A propeller driven, six-cylinder engined biplane, framed the heading of the pagina dell'aviazione. And beneath an italic Volare! [Flying!] came the following: Ever higher, in an extraordinary effort of the nerves, will, and intellect that only man's small mortal frame can support. ! To fly over the ghastly, continual trench skirmishes that are the stuff of daily life. ! To fly for the beauty of flight, almost ; to fly so that the collective has a new weapon to make intellectual, moral, and commercial relations easier among distant nations. Once the sky is ploughed by airships that shorten the distance from one nation to another, we shall be able to claim that we have fused all souls into one. The closer we come to the infinite, the more we shall feel capable of uniting our own law with that of others. [...] ! To fly, because although Icarus died, it was man's first bold act when he stole a little of heaven's glory, and because Prometheus taught that the human heart can be stronger than any adverse fortune.
Cochlear Micromechanics (Part II): A moderated discussion
2015-01-01

The following is an edited transcript of a recorded discussion session on the topic of "Cochlear Micromechanics". The discussion, moderated by the authors, took place at the 12th International Workshop on the Mechanics of Hearing held at Cape Sounio, Greece, in June 2014. All participants knew that the session was being recorded. In view of both the spontaneous nature of the discussion and the editing, however, this transcript may not represent the considered or final views of the participants, and may not represent a consensus of experts in the field. The reader is advised to consult additional independent publications.
Cylindrical Vector Beams for Spectroscopic Imaging of Single Molecules and Nanoparticles and Localization with Nanometer Precision in Tunable Microresonators
2015-01-01

Cylindrical vector beams have created an increasing interest for applications in confocal optical microscopy due to their unique polarization properties in the focal region of a high numerical aperture objective lens or in a parabolic mirror. They have proven to be an efficient technique for probing the three dimensional orientation and dimensionality of the excitation transition dipole moment (TDM) of single nanoparticles and single quantum systems. (180.0180)
Flying Swords and Mechanized Warfare
2015-01-01

The great battles of Verdun and the Somme were long since over, unrestricted submarine warfare had been resumed, and the Russian February Revolution and the US declaration of war on Germany had already taken place, when in 1917 a book entitled Das fliegende Schwert. Wesen, Bedeutung und Taten der deutschen Luftflotte in Wort und Bild [The Flying Sword. Nature, Significance and Actions of the German Air Fleet in Word and Pictures] appeared in print. The editor of the book was the Deutsche Luftflottenverein e.V., founded in 1908 as a typical civilian association of the time combining nationalist politics with vested interests. 174 To the question: "What do we want?," the program of the Verein tersely replied: "Our future lies in the air!"175
Transitional Heroes and the Order of the Gemeinschaft
2015-01-01

The fall of ruling dynasties and the ensuing political convulsions we re only the most visible result of the fracturing of the old order induced by the First World War. Despite his emphatic, emotional prose and his political attitude, Ernst Jünger will be taken as a witness to this seismic shift; he did after all clearly identify the shocks surrounding it.358 In the original German edition of The Adventurous Heart, published in 1929, he wrote: What then struck me as so strange about those battles of materiel — the glowing horizon that seemingly welded the enemy frontlines together — now appears to make more and more sense. It was a destructive war, a concentric raging against a secret center, an event on the western surface. We worked hard nihilistically for a few years with dynamite, and, dispensing with the most inconspicuous fig leaf, blew the nineteenth century — and ourselves — to smithereens; only right at the end did means and men of the twentieth appear in dim outlines.
Fractured Order — Summary
2015-01-01

This chapter has focused on central tropes of the fascist mythical order as they developed in the First World War — in particular, the contexts within which they arose and acquired their meaning; the media channels that fostered their diffusion in society; and the metamorphoses they underwent in the postwar period. The Brescia air show, where entertainers, acrobats and sportsmen of the machine age were given an enthusiastic reception, made clear the fascination that aviation held for large numbers of people and its tailor-made capacity to convey messages such as D’Annunzio’s vision of the flying Superman. The aviation discourse was able to spread within the network or “dispositif” that had evolved by the time of Brescia.604 Initially the chief components of this network were a curious and captivated public, popular icons and prominent figures, media in the course of becoming a consumerist “culture industry,” major events and their organizers, representatives of economic and national interests, the aviation industry, the military and the government.
Icarus Rising: D’Annunzio, the Flying Artificer of Myth
2015-01-01

Gabriele D'Annunzio, born in 1863 in Pescara, Abruzzo, is the best-known and most controversial Italian writer of the fin de siècle. He was not only a renowned lyrical poet, dramatist and novelist, but also a notorious playboy and dandy, as well as a politician and war hero.138 The British journalist Sisley Huddleston had already singled him out in 1924 as Mussolini's John the Baptist, and consequently his reputation suffered after the Second World War on account of his affinity with Fascism. Yet D'Annunzio remains as a literary point of reference — if only for those who wish to mark a distance from his exalted Symbolist style. Despite the undisputed quality of his work, Il vate (the "Bard") — as he is widely known in Italy — commanded so much attention because of his extravagant lifestyle and amorous adventures, which turned him into a media icon during his lifetime. Far from shunning the limelight, D'Annunzio knew well how to attract it. Il Vittoriale, his villa near Gardone on Lake Garda, is one token of this.139
Longing for Order — Summary
2015-01-01

The last two chapters have centered on two attempts, embodied by Warburg and D'Annunzio, to bring order into a world that the war had thrown out of joint. This perception of the world as chaos in need of order, and especially the conception of order as a task, has been identified by Zygmunt Bauman as characteristic of modernity.285 Warburg's and D'Annunzio's statements in the discourse of aviation, their linguistic order and its contextualization, served to mark the opposition between the liberal and fascist ideal types of order. Warburg's detailed account of liberal order forms a contrasting backdrop to the fascist mythical modernity that is the focus of our investigation.
Fascism and Mythical Modernity
2015-01-01

Der Adler of April 18, 1939, an issue produced with the collaboration of the Reich air ministry, took up inter alia the approaching 50th birthday of the "Führer." The prolific writer Peter Supf contributed an article entitled "Waffe seiner Idee" [Force of His Idea]. The "Führer of the German Nation" had a "deep connection with aviation and aviation with him."294 Already during the Kapp Putsch in March 1920, Hitler — who had never flown before — had the idea of chartering a plane to take him to Berlin as quickly as possible.
Comparison of short- with long-term regeneration results after digital nerve reconstruction with musclein-vein conduits
2015-01-01

Muscle-in-vein conduits are used alternatively to nerve grafts for bridging nerve defects. The purpose of this study was to examine short- and long-term regeneration results after digital nerve reconstruction with muscle-in-vein conduits. Static and moving two-point discriminations and Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments were used to evaluate sensory recovery 6–12 months and 14–35 months after repair of digital nerves with muscle-in-vein in 7 cases. Both follow-ups were performed after clinical signs of progressing regeneration disappeared. In 4 of 7 cases, a further recovery of both two-point discriminations and in another case of only the static two-point discrimination of 1–3 mm could be found between the short-term and long-term follow-up examination. Moreover, a late recovery of both two-point discriminations was demonstrated in another case. Four of 7 cases showed a sensory improvement by one Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments. This pilot study suggests that sensory recovery still takes place even when clinical signs of progressing regeneration disappear.
Can Modern Neuroscience Change Our Idea of the Human
2015-01-01

The paper briefly reviews the contribution of recent\\nneuroscience findings to our understanding of our human\\nnature ‚Äì more exactly, to the understanding of the three\\nproperties that we conceive of as highly-specifically human:\\nconsciousness, freedom, and language. The analysis yields\\nrather surprising results. Self-consciousness is possibly not\\nthe highpoint of our sophisticated cognitive functions, but\\nrather the basic pre-reflective self-other distinction intimately\\nrelated to body control and affective states, within whose\\nlimits cognitive processes become possible. Freedom is not a\\nviolation of natural (biological) laws, but, in contrast, a\\nnecessary attribute of complex behavior; it roots in the\\nfundamental biomechanical freedom of biological\\nmovements. Language comprehension is neither an instinct\\nnor a set of complex inferences, but a behavior based on\\nlearnt hierarchy of predictive, anticipatory processes. Thus the\\nanswer to the question formulated in the title is positive: yes,\\nit can change. From the author‚Äôs viewpoint, these changes\\nemphasize embodied, enacted nature of the specifically\\nhuman functions.
Fast Software Performance Evaluation for Embedded Hardware in Componentbased Embedded Systems.
2015-01-01

We present an approach for the extraction of computational demand of embedded software components and the determination of initial mapping configurations on modern embedded heterogeneous processor architectures. The presented work combines the advantages of component-based design and properties obtained from source-code analysis. The goal is a very fast estimation of execution costs for multiple hardware/software component pairs even before the hardware is physically available.
Measuring the Arsenic Content and Speciation in Different Rice Tissues
2015-01-01

Arsenic (As) plays an important role in rice production as vast soils used for rice cultivation contain As. To understand how rice plants deal with inorganic As (III) and As (V) and organic As in their tissue, it is important to obtain specific information on how much and what species of As are present in which tissue of the rice plant. The protocol presented here allows to analyse the As contents and As speciation in roots, shoots, and husks of rice plants, and thus permits direct comparison of the As contents of these rice plant tissues.
General Mental Ability and Job Stress jointly moderate the Job Tenure-Job Performance Relationship
2015-01-01

The present study seeks to address the mixed results in the literature regarding the job tenure – job performance relationship. Based on human capital theory and conservation of resources theory, we argue that general mental ability (GMA) will positively influence job tenure when job stress is low. High job stress will diminish employees’ knowledge retrieval, thus, hampering the positive effects of GMA. Consequently, we hypothesize that job tenure will have a positive relationship when both GMA is high and job stress is low. We constructively replicate our design across two studies, testing whether the combination of high GMA and low job stress strengthens the positive relationship between tenure and performance. In both a sample of firefighters and a sample of persons employed in social and conventional jobs, our results confirmed our hypothesis that the combination of high GMA and low job stress augmented the effects of job tenure on work performance. Implications, limitations, and directions for future studies are discussed.
What's up? Emotion-specific activation of vertical space during language processing
2015-01-01

The relationship between language processing and vertical space has been shown for various groups of words including valence words, implicit location words, and words referring to religious concepts. However, it remains unclear whether these are single phenomena or whether there is an underlying common mechanism. Here, we show that the evaluation of word valence interacts with motor responses in the vertical dimension, with positive (negative) evaluations facilitating upward (downward) responses. When valence evaluation was not required, implicit location words (e.g., bird, shoe) influenced motor responses whereas valence words (e.g., kiss, hate) did not. Importantly, a subset of specific emotional valence words that are commonly associated with particular bodily postures (e.g., proud → upright; sad → slouched) did automatically influence motor responses. Together, this suggests that while the vertical spatial dimension is not directly activated by word valence, it is activated when processing words referring to emotional states with stereotypical bodily-postures. These results provide strong evidence that the activation of spatial associations during language processing is experience-specific in nature and cannot be explained with reference to a general mapping between all valence words and space (i.e., all positive and negative words generally relate to spatial processing). These findings support the experiential view of language comprehension, suggesting that the automatic reactivation of bodily experiences is limited to word groups referring to emotions or entities directly associated with spatial experiences (e.g., posture or location in the world). Acta Psychologica
The Development of Shared Fairness Perceptions of Culturally Diverse Subordinates and Supervisors
2015-01-01

Enriching organizational justice literature with insights from cultural identity negotiation theory, our explorative, qualitative study develops an evidence-based model illuminating how culturally diverse subordinates and supervisors can achieve through their cross-cultural interactions shared understandings of fairness. Our analysis is based on a complex research design comprising in total 91 interviews in China and in Germany from Chinese subordinates of German supervisors, German subordinates of Chinese supervisors, Chinese supervisors of German subordinates and from German supervisors of Chinese subordinates. Findings reveal that both, subordinates and supervisors undergo interrelated cultural negotiation processes which lead to an approximation of previously more distinct fairness perceptions and ultimately to a partially shared understanding of fairness. As part of our model, we present a series of personal and contextual moderators, which affect the cultural identity negotiation in a way that the development of shared fairness perceptions is either facilitated or impaired. Based on our findings we formulate specific propositions, guiding future research and practice.
Diagnosing Western Modernity: A Review Article
2015-01-01

Summary In this review article, the understanding of modernity in some contemporary English language publications is addressed. The older paradigms that these contemporary sources draw upon are also presented. With this, some critical questions are raised about these interpretations of modernity. Following these questions, the recent historical context of these narratives of modernity is described. Finally, an alternative interpretive paradigm is introduced.
Coulombic interactions and multicomponent ionic dispersion during transport of charged species in heterogeneous porous media
2015-01-01

Electrochemical cross-coupling plays a significant role for transport of charged species in porous media [1, 2]. In this study we performed flow-through experiments in a quasi two-dimensional setup using dilute solutions of strong electrolytes to study the influence of charge interactions on mass transfer of ionic species in saturated porous media. The experiments were carried out under advection-dominated conditions (seepage velocity: 1 and 1.5 m/day) in two well-defined heterogeneous domains where flow diverging around a low-permeability inclusion and flow focusing in high-permeability zones occurred. To quantitatively interpret the outcomes of our laboratory experiments in the spatially variable flow fields we developed a two dimensional numerical model based on a multicomponent formulation, on charge conservation and on the accurate description of transverse dispersion. The results of the multicomponent transport simulations were compared with the high-resolution (5 mm spacing) concentration measurements of the ionic species at the outlet of the flow-through domain. The excellent agreement between the measured concentrations and the results of purely forward numerical simulations demonstrates the capability of the proposed two-dimensional multicomponent approach to describe transport of charged species and to accurately capture the Coulombic interactions between the ions, which are clearly observed in the flow-through experiments. Furthermore, the model allowed us to directly quantify and visualize the ionic interactions by mapping the Coulombic cross-coupling between the dispersive fluxes of the charged species in the heterogeneous domains. The outcomes of this study are important in many subsurface applications including migration of contaminants and propagation of reaction fronts.
Types of Misstatement Publications & Effects on the Stock Market - Empirical Evidence from Germany
2015-01-01

I examine the German stock market reaction to a sample of 157 accounting misstatement announcements between 2005 and 2014 and whether the investor behavior is influenced by the type of the announcement (ad-hoc announcement, corporate press release and electronic Federal Gazette error notices). There is a statistically significant mean abnormal return of about 1.6 percent over a three-day event window [-1;1] for the full sample. The most severe valuation discount of -7.8 percent is documented for a subset of ad-hoc announcements. No significant negative returns are found for error publications first announced at the electronic Federal Gazette. Utilizing cross-sectional regression analysis, I find that ad-hoc announcements induce the strongest negative price reaction compared to corporate press releases and Federal Gazette error notices. The stock market penalty is lowest for Federal Gazette error notices. Different types of accounting misstatement publications seem to attract the attention of investors to different extents and, therefore, differs the magnitude of the valuation discount.
Earliest evidence of proto-dental treatment in the Late Upper Paleolithic
2015-01-01

Prehistoric dental treatments have been known from the Neolithic 9,000-7,500 years before present (BP) [1], when the adoption of early farming culture caused an increase of carious lesions [2]. Only a few early cases have been documented [3], some were characterized by in vivo perforation of the crown surface made by a drilling tool [1]. Here we document the earliest evidence of proto-dental therapeutic intervention on a Late Upper Paleolithic modern human lower right third molar (RM3) from a burial in Northern Italy [4]. The RM3 belongs to a young male individual (ca. 25 years old) unearthed in 1988 from the Epigravettian deposit of Riparo Villabruna (Sovramonte – Belluno, Italy), and dated around 14,160-13,820 BP. This tooth presents a large occlusal cavity, with a polished internal surface and extensive enamel chipping traces on the steep mesial wall. Within the cavity four caries are present. The cavity is sub-squared on the lingual and mesial sides but rounded on the buccal and distal sides. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) we show the presence of striations within the cavity, which fade out towards the occlusal surface probably as a consequence of tooth wear. The striations have a ”V” shaped transverse section and microstriations at the bottom, sharply defined, with a high apex, steep sides, narrow cross-sections and well-defined parallel ancillary ridging, as typically displayed by cutmarks on teeth [5]. Based on in vitro experimental replication and a complete functional reconstruction of the Villabruna dental arches, we confirm that the identified striations and the associated extensive enamel chipping on the mesial wall of the cavity were produced ante-mortem by pointed flint tools during scratching and chiseling activities. The Villabruna specimen is therefore the oldest known evidence of dental caries intervention, suggesting rudimentary knowledge of disease treatment well before the Neolithic. This study also suggests that primitive forms of carious treatment in human evolution entail an adaptation of&#13;\\nthe well-known toothpickings for levering and scratching rather than drilling practices.