julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Ultrasound-Guided Excision of Non-Palpable and Palpable Breast Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
2022-06-27

Abstract Wire-guided localization (WGL) is the most frequently used localization technique in non-palpable breast cancer (BC). However, low negative margin rates, patient discomfort, and the possibility of wire dislocation have been discussed as potential disadvantages, and re-operation due to positive margins may increase relapse risk. Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS)-guided excision allows direct visualization of the lesion and the resection volume and reduces positive margins in palpable and non-palpable tumors. We performed a systematic review on IOUS in breast cancer and 2 meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). In non-palpable BC, 3 RCTs have shown higher negative margin rates in the IOUS arm compared to WGL. Meta-analysis confirmed a significant difference between IOUS and WGL in terms of positive margins favoring IOUS (risk ratio 4.34, p &lt; 0.0001, I2 = 0%). 41 cohort studies including 3291 patients were identified, of which most reported higher negative margin and lower re-operation rates if IOUS was used. In palpable BC, IOUS was compared to palpation-guided excision in 3 RCTs. Meta-analysis showed significantly higher rates of positive margins in the palpation arm (risk ratio 2.84, p = 0.0047, I2 = 0%). In 13 cohort studies including 942 patients with palpable BC, negative margin rates were higher if IOUS was used, and tissue volumes were higher in palpation-guided cohorts in most studies. IOUS is a safe noninvasive technique for the localization of sonographically visible tumors that significantly improves margin rates in palpable and non-palpable BC. Surgeons should be encouraged to acquire ultrasound skills and participate in breast ultrasound training.
A Caching SFC Proxy Based on eBPF
2022-06-27

Service Functions (SFs) are intermediate processing nodes on the path of IP packets. With SF chaining (SFC), packets can be steered to multiple physical or virtual SFs in a specific order. SFC-unaware SFs can be used flexibly but they do not support SFC-specific encapsulation of packets. Therefore, an SFC proxy needs to remove the encapsulation of a packet before processing by an SFC-unaware SF, and to add it again afterwards. Such an SFC proxy typically runs on a server hosting virtual network functions (VNFs) that serve as SFs. Simple SFC proxies adapt a flow-specific static header stack. That is, each VNF requires an own SFC proxy, and the proxy cannot be extended to support per-packet metadata in the SFC encapsulation. The caching SFC proxy presented in this work caches packet-specific headers while packets are processed by a VNF, i.e., packet-specific header information is preserved. We present concept, use cases, and an eBPF-based implementation of the caching SFC proxy. In addition, we evaluate the performance of a prototype.
Improved binary solution for the gamma-ray binary 1FGL J1018.6-5856
2022-06-27

ABSTRACT The gamma-ray binary 1FGL J1018.6-5856 consists of an O6V((f)) type star and an unknown compact object, and shows orbitally modulated emission from radio to very high energy gamma rays. The X-ray light curve shows a maximum around the same phase as the GeV emission, but also a secondary maximum between phases φ = 0.2 and 0.6. A clear solution to the binary system is important for understanding the emission mechanisms occurring within the system. In order to improve on the existing binary solution, we undertook radial velocity measurements of the optical companion using the Southern African Large Telescope, as well as analysed publicly available X-ray and GeV gamma-ray data. A search for periodicity in Fermi-LAT data found an orbital period of P = 16.5507 ± 0.0004 d. The best-fitting solution to the radial velocities, held at this new period, finds the system to be more eccentric than previous observations, e = 0.531 ± 0.033 with a longitude of periastron of 151.2 ± 5.1°, and a larger mass function f = 0.00432 ± 0.00077 M⊙. We propose that the peaks in the X-ray and gamma-ray light curves around phase 0 are due to the observation of the confined shock formed between the pulsar and stellar wind pointing towards the observer. The secondary increase or strong rapid variations of the X-ray flux at phases 0.25 to 0.75 is due to the interaction of multiple randomly oriented stellar wind clumps/pulsar wind interactions around apastron.
The Crystallization Effect of Sodium Sulfate on Some Italian Marbles, Calcarenites and Sandstones
2022-06-27

Soluble salts are compounds found inside ornamental rocks and building stones exposed to atmospheric agents in environments rich in alkaline metal ions, such as sodium and potassium. The damage induced by their crystallization in those materials, used to build monuments and architectural structures of great importance, is an unsolved problem. Sodium sulfate is one of the most common and harmful salt found in these constructions. In this work, we studied the resistance through time to the wet-drying cycles of some natural stones (calcarenites, marbles, and sandstones) that have been utilized in the historical architecture in Italy. Samples were freshly cut and thermally aged to simulate increasing decay. Induced porosity in the thermally degraded samples was high in calcarenites, medium in marbles, and low in sandstones. Specimens subjected to artificial thermal aging lost a major percentage of mass compared to the non-weathered ones, when affected by the crystallization of soluble salts. With this study, we have observed that samples subjected to different wetting and drying cycles degrade faster due to the action of soluble salts, compared to samples that are not subjected to these cycles.
Detailed functional results after bladder-preserving surgery and high-dose-rate brachytherapy in pediatric bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma
2022-06-27

Abstract Purpose: In pediatric bladder/prostate-rhabdomyosarcoma, the rate of bladder preservation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is high, with an excellent oncological outcome. Information about functional urological long-term outcomes is rare. Methods: Data of all patients who had undergone bladder-preserving surgery with or without brachytherapy at our institution between 2009 and 2020 were analyzed retrospectively.Detailed urological function was assessed focusing on age-related continence, bladder capacity and urodynamic findings. Results: We identified 40 patients, median age at surgery of 27 months (range 9-191), and 32 patients additionally received postoperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy. The median follow-up was 32.5 months (range 6-125). The bladder capacity increased from median 66.7% (21.1-180) of expected bladder capacity related to age 3 months after surgery to 87.4% (58.1-181.8) 9 months after surgery. In the group of aged &gt;6-year-old, continence was 94% (83% with brachytherapy, 100% without brachytherapy). Erectile function was normal in 92% (90 % with brachytherapy, 100% without brachytherapy). Bladder capacity was more than 65% expected bladder capacity related to age in 70% (60% with brachytherapy, 86% without brachytherapy). 65% of all patients need neither anticholinergic drugs nor low-dose antibiotics (63% with brachytherapy, 71% without brachytherapy). Conclusions: Bladder preservation with good functional outcome can be achieved in localized bladder/prostate-rhabdomyosarcoma. In selected cases, supportive brachytherapy additionally contributes to an improvement in the oncological outcome with calculable risks for bladder and erectile function. Careful urological aftercare should be a fixed priority after oncological follow-ups.
What Text Features Make Reading Comprehension Difficult Across Elementary School? Investigating Difficulty and Changes in Difficulty
2022-06-27

Beginning readers benefit in most situations from reading activities that are neither too difficult nor too easy. This study investigated which text features make reading comprehension difficult for third and fourth grade elementary school students. Specifically, 145 multiple-choice items from a reading comprehension test used in several cross-sectional studies (G3: N = 1387; G4: N = 868) and a longitudinal sub-study (N = 195) were analyzed using explanatory item response models to explain item difficulty and changes in item difficulty across grades. A multi-step feature selection procedure controlling for seven task features led to the selection of eight text features from a total of 268 linguistic text features examined. The results showed that lexical and syntactic features and text genre were the most relevant features and that the importance of specific text features changes from third to fourth grade. Expository text were more difficult on average than narrative texts. This difference was only partially explained by lexical and syntactic features in third grade, but almost completely in fourth grade. The results suggest that text features have a dynamic effect on reading comprehension difficulty throughout third to fourth grade; this is especially true of text genre. Our results can help to select more appropriate texts for elementary students and to improve our understanding of the complex interaction between reader, text and activity as it develops over time.
A Novel Dependency Framework for Enhanced Discourse Analysis
2022-06-27

Different theories of discourse structure have been developed and discourse corpora were established based on these theories. However, these discourse corpora established on different theoretical bases make it difficult to explore them in a consistent and unified way. This study aims to overcome the difficulties on unification. Dependency representations can be employed to extract data from PDTB, RST and SDRT corpora in a unified way. This study focuses on the dependency conversions for PDTB annotations. Some discourse parsers are employed to test the validity of the dependency data derived from the PDTB. Converting both PDTB and RST annotations for the same texts into dependencies respectively, this study also applies “dependency distance” to examine the correlation between RST dependencies and PDTB dependencies. The results show that the PDTB dependency data is fairly valid, and the two types of dependencydistance are highly correlated. This study provides a unified way of digging and evaluating existing discourse corpora. Discourse dependencies make it possible to achieve unification at different levels of linguistics and in different areas of language sciences.
Functional traits trade-offs define plant population stability worldwide
2022-06-27

Summary Ecological theory posits that temporal stability patterns in plant populations are associated with differences in species’ ecological strategies. However, empirical evidence is lacking about which traits, or trade-offs, underlie species stability, specially across different ecosystems. To address this, we compiled a global collection of long-term permanent vegetation records (&gt;7000 plots from 78 datasets) from a wide range of habitats and combined this with existing trait databases. We tested whether the observed inter-annual variability in species abundance (coefficient of variation) was related to multiple individual traits and multivariate axes of trait variations (PCoA axes). We found that species with greater leaf dry matter content and seed mass were consistently more stable over time (lower variability in species abundance) although other leaf traits played a significant role as well, albeit weaker. Using multivariate axes did not improve predictions by specific traits. Our results confirm existing theory, providing compelling empirical evidence on the importance of specific traits, which point at ecological trade-offs in different resource use and dispersal strategies, on the stability of plant populations worldwide.
Shared genetic architecture between mental health and the brain functional connectome in the UK Biobank
2022-06-27

Abstract Psychiatric disorders are complex clinical conditions with large heterogeneity and overlap in symptoms, genetic liability and brain imaging abnormalities. Building on a dimensional conceptualization of mental health, previous studies have reported genetic overlap between psychiatric disorders and population-level mental health, and between psychiatric disorders and brain functional connectivity. Here, in 30.701 participants aged 45-82 from the UK Biobank we map the genetic associations between self-reported mental health and resting-state fMRI-based measures of brain network function. Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test revealed 10 genetic loci associated with population-level mental symptoms. Next, conjunctional FDR identified 23 shared genetic variants between these symptom profiles and fMRI-based brain network measures. Functional annotation implicated genes involved in brain structure and function, in particular synaptic processes. These findings provide further genetic evidence of an association between brain function and mental health traits in the population.
Sparse-RS: A Versatile Framework for Query-Efficient Sparse Black-Box Adversarial Attacks
2022-06-28

We propose a versatile framework based on random search, Sparse-RS, for score-based sparse targeted and untargeted attacks in the black-box setting. Sparse-RS does not rely on substitute models and achieves state-of-the-art success rate and query efficiency for multiple sparse attack models: L0-bounded perturbations, adversarial patches, and adversarial frames. The L0-version of untargeted Sparse-RS outperforms all black-box and even all white-box attacks for different models on MNIST, CIFAR-10, and ImageNet. Moreover, our untargeted Sparse-RS achieves very high success rates even for the challenging settings of 20x20 adversarial patches and 2-pixel wide adversarial frames for 224x224 images. Finally, we show that Sparse-RS can be applied to generate targeted universal adversarial patches where it significantly outperforms the existing approaches. Our code is available at https://github.com/fra31/sparse-rs.
Key characteristics impacting survival of COVID-19 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
2022-06-28

Abstract Background Severe COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) often requires extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Recent German health insurance data revealed low ICU survival rates. Patient characteristics and experience of the ECMO center may determine intensive care unit (ICU) survival. The current study aimed to identify factors affecting ICU survival of COVID-19 ECMO patients. Methods 673 COVID-19 ARDS ECMO patients treated in 26 centers between January 1st 2020 and March 22nd 2021 were included. Data on clinical characteristics, adjunct therapies, complications, and outcome were documented. Block wise logistic regression analysis was applied to identify variables associated with ICU-survival. Results Most patients were between 50 and 70 years of age. PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio prior to ECMO was 72 mmHg (IQR: 58–99). ICU survival was 31.4%. Survival was significantly lower during the 2nd wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A subgroup of 284 (42%) patients fulfilling modified EOLIA criteria had a higher survival (38%) ( p = 0.0014, OR 0.64 (CI 0.41–0.99)). Survival differed between low, intermediate, and high-volume centers with 20%, 30%, and 38%, respectively ( p = 0.0024). Treatment in high volume centers resulted in an odds ratio of 0.55 (CI 0.28–1.02) compared to low volume centers. Additional factors associated with survival were younger age, shorter time between intubation and ECMO initiation, BMI &gt; 35 (compared to &lt; 25), absence of renal replacement therapy or major bleeding/thromboembolic events. Conclusions Structural and patient-related factors, including age, comorbidities and ECMO case volume, determined the survival of COVID-19 ECMO. These factors combined with a more liberal ECMO indication during the 2nd wave may explain the reasonably overall low survival rate. Careful selection of patients and treatment in high volume ECMO centers was associated with higher odds of ICU survival. Trial registration Registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (study ID: DRKS00022964, retrospectively registered, September 7th 2020, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&amp;TRIAL_ID=DRKS00022964 . Graphical abstract
Functional traits influence patterns in vegetative and reproductive plant phenology – a multi‐botanical garden study
2022-06-28

Summary Phenology has emerged as key indicator of the biological impacts of climate change, yet the role of functional traits constraining variation in herbaceous species’ phenology has received little attention. Botanical gardens are ideal places in which to investigate large numbers of species growing under common climate conditions. We ask whether interspecific variation in plant phenology is influenced by differences in functional traits. We recorded onset, end, duration and intensity of initial growth, leafing out, leaf senescence, flowering and fruiting for 212 species across five botanical gardens in Germany. We measured functional traits, including plant height, absolute and specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf carbon and nitrogen content and seed mass and accounted for species’ relatedness. Closely related species showed greater similarities in timing of phenological events than expected by chance, but species' traits had a high degree of explanatory power, pointing to paramount importance of species’ life‐history strategies. Taller plants showed later timing of initial growth, and flowered, fruited and underwent leaf senescence later. Large‐leaved species had shorter flowering and fruiting durations. Taller, large‐leaved species differ in their phenology and are more competitive than smaller, small‐leaved species. We assume climate warming will change plant communities’ competitive hierarchies with consequences for biodiversity.
Functional dysconnectivity of cerebellum and attention networks in emotional dysregulation shared between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depressive disorder: a multimodal imaging study
2022-06-28

Abstract Background Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a common characteristic of both attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), especially in adolescents. However, whether ADHD and MDD may share the specific ED-related neural networks remains unknown. Methods In total, 43 adolescents with clinical ED (22 adolescents with ADHD and 21 with MDD) were recruited; in addition, 29 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis, voxel-based morphometry, and diffusion tensor imaging analysis were performed for each patient. In addition, we determined the significant regions of interest in patients with ED due to ADHD and MDD as compared with HCs and tested their correlations with clinical rating scale scores. Results Compared with HCs, patients with ED had greater RSFC in the cerebellum and supramarginal gyrus (SMG), especially between vermis VI and the SMG in the attention networks, and lower RSFC between the right supplementary motor area and right lateral parietal area. Lower gray matter (GM) volume in the SMG was also found. RSFC was significantly correlated with clinical rating scale scores for all patients with ED due to ADHD or MDD. GM change was correlated with ED and MDD rating scale scores. Discussion The cerebellum and attention networks might play major roles in ED pathophysiology in adolescents with ADHD and MDD. Increased connectivity of the vermis to the SMG serves as a possible underlying neural network.
MAOA‐LPR polymorphism and math anxiety: A marker of genetic susceptibility to social influences in girls?
2022-06-28

Abstract Math anxiety (MA) seems to result from an interaction of genetic vulnerability with negative experiences learning mathematics. Although mathematics achievement does not substantially differ between the sexes, MA levels are usually higher in girls. Molecular genetic markers of MA vulnerability have been seldom explored. This article examines the contribution of the monoamine oxidase A gene ( MAOA ) to MA and to sex differences in MA. Five hundred and sixty‐eight third to fifth graders were genotyped for the MAOA‐LPR polymorphism (a repetitive element in MAOA promoter that has been associated with MAOA enzymatic activity), and assessed on general cognitive ability, mathematics achievement, and the cognitive and affective dimensions of MA. MAOA‐LPR genotypes were classified as high ( MAOA ‐ H ) or low ( MAOA‐L ) according to their predicted enzymatic activity. Mixed models controlling for effects of school, sex, general cognitive ability, and mathematics achievement were evaluated. The best fitting model included school, math achievement, sex, MAOA‐LPR , and the MAOA‐LPR by sex interaction. This indicated that under the MAOA‐H dominant model, anxiety toward mathematics interacted with the MAOA genotype: girls with an MAOA‐L genotype exhibited higher levels of MA, with a small but significant effect. The association between MAOA‐L genotype and MA in girls may represent an example of developmental plasticity.
UnLuBW - Pollutant monitoring through technological development of UAS applications
2022-06-28

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;In recent years, air quality in cities has increasingly become the focus of social, media and political attention. Studies classify particulate matter and nitrogen oxides in particular as harmful to health, which are caused, for example, by private motorised transport or energy and heat generation. In order to ensure the health and quality of life of the population, various measures have been designed on the basis of EU directives (e.g. driving bans, speed limits, moss areas). In most cities, however, the assessment of pollution is based on selective measurements at a few stations. Their informative value for entire cities - especially for the legitimisation of strict measures - is publicly and scientifically highly disputed (Hooftman et al. 2018; BMU 2021). An area-wide network of sensors, on the other hand, is expensive, maintenance intensive and leads to competition for use in public spaces. In order to increase the public acceptance of air pollution control measures and at the same time increase the resilience of local measurements with regard to traffic policy decisions, a concept is to be developed in UnLuBW (funded by the Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport) in cooperation with selected municipalities with which particulate matter and nitrogen oxides can be measured flexibly and meaningfully by small and cost-effective unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) (Lambey and Prasad 2021). The use of UAS in the field of pollutant dispersion is also described in a new VDI guideline (Foken and Bange, 2020).&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;During measurement campaigns before and after measures to reduce the emission of particular matter and nitrogen oxides, the small UAS are going to measure particles, nitrogen gases and meteorological data at different locations within a municipalities simultaneously. These results are compared and evaluated. &amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Additional file 5 of Polygenic risk scores indicate extreme ages at onset of breast cancer in female BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers
2022-06-28

Additional file 5 Prevalence of IARC class 4/5 pathogenic germline variants in the BRCA1 gene (considering transcript NM_007294.4) and the BRCA2 gene (considering transcript NM_000059.4) in the curated final study sample consisting of 295 individuals.
Additional file 4 of Polygenic risk scores indicate extreme ages at onset of breast cancer in female BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers
2022-06-28

Additional file 4 SNPs included in polygenic risk score (PRS) computation, corresponding per-allele log odds ratios, and comparison of allele frequencies between patients recruited by Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University (AF Sheba) and patients recruited by the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (AF GC-HBOC).