julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
The instructional effectiveness of automatically generated exercises for learning French grammatical gender: preliminary results
2022-12-02

Research into Automatic Exercise Generation (AEG) contributes new tools aimed at reducing the barrier to creating practice material, but few have been deployed in actual instruction with real learners. The present study extends previous work by employing AEG technology in instruction with L2 learners to evaluate its pedagogical effectiveness. Thirty-two second language learners of French were assigned to either a treatment condition, who practised with generated exercises, or a control condition that did no extra work. Both groups completed pre-, post-, and delayed post-tests. Participants in the treatment condition also completed questionnaires that elicited data on their in-practice emotions and the situations in which they arose. Our preliminary results suggest that AEG-based instruction can be pedagogically effective and support positive learning experiences, help to identify aspects of the instruction that could be improved, and suggest that a peer review mechanism could have an important role in future CALL platforms that use generated exercises.
Enhancing Luminescence Efficiency by Controlled Island Formation of CsPbBr3 Perovskite
2022-12-02

Abstract CsPbBr 3 is an inorganic perovskite material that is promising for light‐emitting applications. Such applications are known to benefit from an island‐type active layer structure, which enhances the device's light emission efficiency. Here, the impact of the environment on the island formation in thermally deposited bilayers of CsPbBr 3 /LiBr is investigated. It is demonstrated that the island formation occurs only in humid environments, leading to an enhancement of the photoluminescence quantum yield by a factor of 350. Time‐resolved grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments document the island growth process and reveal that the LiBr has already changed the perovskite crystal orientation prior to the island formation.
Comparison of Biosimilar Trastuzumab ABP 980 with Reference Trastuzumab in Neoadjuvant Therapy for HER2-positive Breast Cancer – an Analysis of a Large University Breast Cancer Centre
2022-12-02

Abstract Background ABP 980 is a biosimilar antibody to reference trastuzumab (RTZ). Aim of the following study is to confirm the similarity of ABP 980 and RTZ in terms of clinical efficacy and safety in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer (EBC) undergoing neoadjuvant trastuzumab-containing chemotherapy in a clinical real-world situation that also includes patients receiving pertuzumab. Methods Patients with HER2-positive EBC, who were treated from 12/2010 to 03/2020 at the Department of Women’s Health at Tuebingen University Hospital, Germany, with at least four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (+/− pertuzumab) in combination with ABP 980 or RTZ were included in a retrospective analysis. For efficacy analysis patients achieving a pathologic complete remission (pCR = no invasive tumor in breast and lymph nodes) were compared. Safety was evaluated by comparing the number of patients with a decrease in left ventricular function (LVEF) of &gt; 10%. Results 124 patients were included of whom 46 (37.1%) have received ABP 980 and 77 (62.9%) were treated with RTZ. A pCR was found in 77 patients (62.1%). For patients treated with ABP 980 as compared to RTZ, there was no significant difference regarding efficacy (pCR-rates of 60.9% versus 62.8%, p = 0.829) or cardiac safety (LVEF decline in 6.5% versus 2.6%, p = 0.274). Conclusion Similarity of ABP 980 as compared to RTZ was confirmed in a real-world situation, including a large proportion of patients that have also received pertuzumab treatment.
Gain a Baby Lose a Tooth—Is There an Association between Periodontitis and Preterm Birth?
2022-12-02

Preterm birth serves as one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality worldwide. The underlying mechanisms that contribute to preterm birth are not yet fully understood. However, an association between periodontitis and preterm birth has been proposed. The periodontal status and presence of periodontal pathogens in women with different birth outcomes have been previously examined. However, varying definitions of periodontitis and different microbiological methods make their interpretation challenging. The aim of this case-control study on women with and without preterm birth was to investigate their periodontal status using the current classification system for periodontal diseases. Moreover, differences in the periodontal microbiome of the study participants were investigated. Therefore, we collected data on oral and periodontal parameters in 77 puerperal women divided into two groups based on gestational age at delivery: 33 patients with preterm birth (PTB, &lt;37 weeks) and 44 patients with term birth (TB, &gt;37 weeks). These data included pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival-bleeding index, DMFT index, and gynecologic and dental history. In addition, their oral microbiome was explored. Median CAL and percentage PPD ≥ 4 mm were significantly higher in the PTB group than in the TB group (p = 0.0128 and p = 0.047, respectively). Birth weight was significantly higher in periodontally healthy women than in those with gingivitis (p = 0.0078) or periodontitis (p = 0.0127). The periodontal microbiome differed significantly between groups. Our results are underlining the possible association between periodontitis and preterm delivery. Women with periodontitis had babies with significantly lower birth weights. The microbiome varied between the groups.
The plant nuclear lamina disassembles to regulate genome folding in stress conditions
2022-12-02

Abstract The nuclear lamina (NL) is a complex network of nuclear lamins and lamin-associated nuclear membrane proteins, which scaffold the nucleus to maintain structural integrity. In Arabidopsis thaliana, Nuclear Matrix Constituent Proteins (NMCPs) are essential components of the NL and are required to maintain the structural integrity of the nucleus and specific perinuclear chromatin anchoring. At the nuclear periphery, suppressed chromatin overlapping with repetitive sequences and inactive protein coding genes are enriched. At a chromosomal level, plant chromatin organization in interphase nuclei displays flexibilities in response to various developmental cues and environmental stimuli. Based on these observations in Arabidopsis , and given the role of AtNMCP genes ( CRWN1 and CRWN4 ) in organizing chromatin positioning at the nuclear periphery, one can expect considerable changes in chromatin-NL interactions when the global chromatin organization patterns are being altered in plants. Here, we report the highly flexible nature of plant nuclear lamina, which disassembles substantially under various stress conditions. Particularly, under heat stress, we reveal that chromatin domains, initially tethered to the nuclear envelope, remain largely associated with CRWN1 and become scattered in the inner nuclear space. Via investigating the three-dimensional chromatin contact network, we further reveal that CRWN1 proteins play a structural role in shaping the changes in genome folding under heat stress. Also, CRWN1 acts as a negative transcriptional co-regulator to modulate the shift of the plant transcriptome profile in response to heat stress.
Generation and characterization of three induced pluripotent stem cells lines from an 86-year old female individual diagnosed with an invasive lobular mammary carcinoma
2022-12-02

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a distinct type of breast cancer and is accounting up to 10-15 % of all mammary carcinomas showing a pronounced increase in incidence rates over the last two decades. We generated three induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from CD34+ progenitor cells isolated from a mammary carcinoma patient diagnosed with ILC. Here, we describe the characterization of the iPSCs by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH), immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and directed in vitro differentiation. The iPSC lines will find application in the field of breast cancer research.
Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Computer-Assisted Language Learning (NLP4CALL 2022)
2022-12-02

The workshop series on Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Computer-Assisted Language Learning (NLP4CALL) is a meeting place for researchers working on the integration of Natural Language Processing and Speech Technologies in CALL systems and exploring the theoretical and methodological issues arising in this connection.The latter includes, among others, the integration of insights from Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research, and the promotion of "Computational SLA" through setting up Second Language research infrastructures.The intersection of Natural Language Processing (or Language Technology / Computational Linguistics) and Speech Technology with Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) brings "understanding" of language to CALL tools, thus making CALL intelligent.This fact has given the name for this area of research -Intelligent CALL, or for short, ICALL.As the definition suggests, apart from having excellent knowledge of Natural Language Processing and/or Speech Technology, ICALL researchers need good insights into second language acquisition theories and practices, as well as knowledge of second language pedagogy and didactics.This workshop therefore invites a wide range of ICALL-relevant research, including studies where NLP-enriched tools are used for testing SLA and pedagogical theories, and vice versa, where SLA theories, pedagogical practices or empirical data and modelled in ICALL tools.The NLP4CALL workshop series is aimed at bringing together competences from these areas for sharing experiences and brainstorming around the future of the field. We invited submissions:-that describe research directly aimed at ICALL -that demonstrate actual or discuss the potential use of existing Language and Speech Technologies or resources for language learning -that describe the ongoing development of resources and tools with potential usage in ICALL, either directly in interactive applications, or indirectly in materials, application, or curriculum development, e.g.learning material generation, assessment of learner texts and responses, individualized learning solutions, provision of feedback -that discuss challenges and/or research agenda for ICALL -that describe empirical studies on language learner data This year a special focus was given to work done on second language vocabulary and grammar profiling, as well as the use of crowdsourcing for creating, collecting, and curating data in NLP projects.We encouraged paper presentations and software demonstrations describing the above-mentioned themes primarily, but not exclusively, for the Nordic languages.A special feature in this year's workshop is the research notes session.This session included short talks about PhD projects and ongoing unfinished research that collaborating teams were eager to discuss with the community and get feedback.We tested this feature for the second time with an intention to evaluate its impact and utility for future uses.This time around, we circulated a separate call for expression of interest.
Total aortic arch repair between endo and hybrid—the Nexus single-branched endograft
2022-12-02

Journal Article Total aortic arch repair between endo and hybrid—the Nexus single-branched endograft Get access Mario Lescan Mario Lescan Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Corresponding author. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. Tel: +49-7071-29-68194; fax: +49-7071-29-4047; e-mail: mario.lescan@med.uni-tuebingen.de (M. Lescan). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3124-4994 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Volume 63, Issue 1, January 2023, ezac594, https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezac594 Published: 02 January 2023 Article history Received: 23 December 2022 Accepted: 30 December 2022 Published: 02 January 2023 Corrected and typeset: 12 January 2023
Phytochemical Characterization of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) Roots and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential
2022-12-03

Matricaria recutita L., German chamomile, is one of the most widely used medicinal plants, whose efficacy has been proven in numerous studies. However, its roots have attracted only little interest so far, since mainly above-ground plant parts are used for medicinal purposes. To broaden the knowledge of chamomile roots, a profound phytochemical characterization was performed along with a bioactivity screening of corresponding root extracts. While volatile constituents such as chamomillol and polyynes were detected using GC-MS, HPLC-MSn analyses revealed the occurrence of four coumarin glycosides, more than ten phenolic acid esters and five glyceroglycolipids. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated. Polar extracts revealed IC50 values ranging from 13 to 57 μg/mL in the DPPH radical scavenging assay, which is in the same range as reported for chamomile flower extracts. In addition, superoxide radical scavenging potential and mild antibacterial effects against S. aureus und B. subtilis were demonstrated. Moreover, to assess interspecies variation in chamomile roots, extracts of M. recutita were compared to those of M. discoidea DC. Interestingly, the latter revealed stronger antioxidant activity. The presented results aim at the valorization of chamomile roots, previously discarded as by-product of chamomile flower production, as a sustainable source of bioactive phytochemicals.
Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Speech After Early Neurostimulation in Parkinson's Disease
2022-12-03

Abstract Background The EARLYSTIM trial demonstrated for Parkinson's disease patients with early motor complications that deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN‐DBS) and best medical treatment (BMT) was superior to BMT alone. Objective This prospective, ancillary study on EARLYSTIM compared changes in blinded speech intelligibility assessment between STN‐DBS and BMT over 2 years, and secondary outcomes included non‐speech oral movements (maximum phonation time [MPT], oral diadochokinesis), physician‐ and patient‐reported assessments. Methods STN‐DBS (n = 102) and BMT (n = 99) groups underwent assessments on/off medication at baseline and 24 months (in four conditions: on/off medication, ON/OFF stimulation—for STN‐DBS). Words and sentences were randomly presented to blinded listeners, and speech intelligibility rate was measured. Statistical analyses compared changes between the STN‐DBS and BMT groups from baseline to 24 months. Results Over the 2‐year period, changes in speech intelligibility and MPT, as well as patient‐reported outcomes, were not different between groups, either off or on medication or OFF or ON stimulation, but most outcomes showed a nonsignificant trend toward worsening in both groups. Change in oral diadochokinesis was significantly different between STN‐DBS and BMT groups, on medication and OFF STN‐DBS, with patients in the STN‐DBS group performing slightly worse than patients under BMT only. A signal for clinical worsening with STN‐DBS was found for the individual speech item of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III. Conclusion At this early stage of the patients' disease, STN‐DBS did not result in a consistent deterioration in blinded speech intelligibility assessment and patient‐reported communication, as observed in studies of advanced Parkinson's Disease. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Choline supplementation for preterm infants: metabolism of four Deuterium-labeled choline compounds
2022-12-03

Abstract Background Supply of choline is not guaranteed in current preterm infant nutrition. Choline serves in parenchyma formation by membrane phosphatidylcholine (PC), plasma transport of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) via PC, and methylation processes via betaine. PUFA-PC concentrations are high in brain, liver and lung, and deficiency may result in developmental disorders. We compared different deuterated (D9-) choline components for kinetics of D9-choline, D9-betaine and D9-PC. Methods Prospective study (1/2021–12/2021) in 32 enterally fed preterm infants (28 0/7–32 0/7 weeks gestation). Patients were randomized to receive enterally a single dose of 2.7 mg/kg D9-choline-equivalent as D9-choline chloride, D9-phosphoryl-choline, D9-glycerophosphorylcholine (D9-GPC) or D9-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-PC(D9-POPC), followed by blood sampling at 1 + 24 h or 12 + 60 h after administration. Plasma concentrations were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Results are expressed as median (25th/75th percentile). Results At 1 h, plasma D9-choline was 1.8 (0.9/2.2) μmol/L, 1.3 (0.9/1.5) μmol/L and 1.2 (0.7/1.4) μmol/L for D9-choline chloride, D9-GPC and D9-phosphoryl-choline, respectively. D9-POPC did not result in plasma D9-choline. Plasma D9-betaine was maximal at 12 h, with lowest concentrations after D9-POPC. Maximum plasma D9-PC values at 12 h were the highest after D9-POPC (14.4 (9.1/18.9) μmol/L), compared to the other components (D9-choline chloride: 8.1 [5.6/9.9] μmol/L; D9-GPC: 8.4 (6.2/10.3) μmol/L; D9-phosphoryl-choline: 9.8 (8.6/14.5) μmol/L). Predominance of D9-PC comprising linoleic, rather than oleic acid, indicated fatty-acyl remodeling of administered D9-POPC prior to systemic delivery. Conclusion D9-Choline chloride, D9-GPC and D9-phosphoryl-choline equally increased plasma D9-choline and D9-betaine. D9-POPC shifted metabolism from D9-betaine to D9-PC. Combined supplementation of GPC and (PO) PC may be best suited to optimize choline supply in preterm infants. Due to fatty acid remodeling of (PO) PC during its assimilation, PUFA co-supplementation with (PO) PC may increase PUFA-delivery to critical organs. This study was registered (22.01.2020) at the Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS) (German Register for Clinical Studies), DRKS00020502. Study registration This study was registered at the Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS) (German Register for Clinical Studies), DRKS00020502.
Comparative Modelling of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides: Structural Insights and Comparison of Binding Modes
2022-12-03

To better understand the functionality of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) and to design new ligands, reliable structural data of each OATP is needed. In this work, we used a combination of homology model with molecular dynamics simulations to generate a comprehensive structural dataset, that encompasses a diverse set of OATPs but also their relevant conformations. Our OATP models share a conserved transmembrane helix folding harbouring a druggable binding pocket in the shape of an inner pore. Our simulations suggest that the conserved salt bridges at the extracellular region between residues on TM1 and TM7 might influence the entrance of substrates. Interactions between residues on TM1 and TM4 within OATP1 family shown their importance in transport of substrates. Additionally, in transmembrane (TM) 1/2, a known conserved element, interact with two identified motifs in the TM7 and TM11. Our simulations suggest that TM1/2-TM7 interaction influence the inner pocket accessibility, while TM1/2-TM11 salt bridges control the substrate binding stability.
Information and Agreement in the Reputation Game Simulation
2022-12-03

Modern communication habits are largely shaped by the extensive use of social media and other online communication platforms. The enormous amount of available data and speed with which new information arises, however, often suffices to cause misunderstandings, false conclusions, or otherwise disturbed opinion formation processes. To investigate some of these effects we use an agent-based model on gossip and reputation dynamics with 50 agents, including Bayesian knowledge updates under bounded rationality and up to the second-order theory of mind effects. Thereby, we observe the occurrence of reputation boosts from fake images, as well as the advantage of hiding one’s opinion in order to become a strong information trader. In addition, the simulations show fundamentally different mechanisms for reaching high agreement with others and becoming well-informed. Additionally, we investigate the robustness of our results with respect to different knowledge-update mechanisms and argue why it makes sense to especially emphasize the margins of distribution when judging a bounded quantity such as honesty in a reputation game simulation.
Associations between Periodontitis and COPD: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Analysis of NHANES III
2022-12-04

A number of cross-sectional epidemiological studies suggest that poor oral health is associated with respiratory diseases. However, the number of cases within the studies was limited, and the studies had different measurement conditions. By analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III), this study aimed to investigate possible associations between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and periodontitis in the general population. COPD was diagnosed in cases where FEV (1)/FVC ratio was below 70% (non-COPD versus COPD; binary classification task). We used unsupervised learning utilizing k-means clustering to identify clusters in the data. COPD classes were predicted with logistic regression, a random forest classifier, a stochastic gradient descent (SGD) classifier, k-nearest neighbors, a decision tree classifier, Gaussian naive Bayes (GaussianNB), support vector machines (SVM), a custom-made convolutional neural network (CNN), a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP), and a radial basis function neural network (RBNN) in Python. We calculated the accuracy of the prediction and the area under the curve (AUC). The most important predictors were determined using feature importance analysis. Results: Overall, 15,868 participants and 19 feature variables were included. Based on k-means clustering, the data were separated into two clusters that identified two risk characteristic groups of patients. The algorithms reached AUCs between 0.608 (DTC) and 0.953% (CNN) for the classification of COPD classes. Feature importance analysis of deep learning algorithms indicated that age and mean attachment loss were the most important features in predicting COPD. Conclusions: Data analysis of a large population showed that machine learning and deep learning algorithms could predict COPD cases based on demographics and oral health feature variables. This study indicates that periodontitis might be an important predictor of COPD. Further prospective studies examining the association between periodontitis and COPD are warranted to validate the present results.