julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
On Superselection Rules in Bohm-Bell Theories
2022-03-18

The meaning of superselection rules in Bohm-Bell theories (i.e., quantum theories with particle trajectories) is different from that in orthodox quantum theory. More precisely, there are two concepts of superselection rule, a weak and a strong one. Weak superselection rules exist both in orthodox quantum theory and in Bohm-Bell theories and represent the conventional understanding of superselection rules. We introduce the concept of strong superselection rule, which does not exist in orthodox quantum theory. It relies on the clear ontology of Bohm-Bell theories and is a sharper and, in the Bohm-Bell context, more fundamental notion. A strong superselection rule for the observable G asserts that one can replace every state vector by a suitable statistical mixture of eigenvectors of G without changing the particle trajectories or their probabilities. A weak superselection rule asserts that every state vector is empirically indistinguishable from a suitable statistical mixture of eigenvectors of G. We establish conditions on G for both kinds of superselection. For comparison, we also consider both kinds of superselection in theories of spontaneous wave function collapse.
Shadow on the wall cast by an Abrikosov vortex
2022-03-18

At the surface of a d-wave superconductor, a zero-energy peak in the quasiparticle spectrum can be observed. This peak appears due to Andreev bound states and is maximal if the nodal direction of the d-wave pairing potential is perpendicular to the boundary. We examine the effect of a single Abrikosov vortex in front of a reflecting boundary on the zero-energy density of states. We can clearly see a splitting of the low-energy peak and therefore a suppression of the zero-energy density of states in a shadow-like region extending from the vortex to the boundary. This effect is stable for different models of the single Abrikosov vortex, for different mean free paths and also for different distances between the vortex center and the boundary. This observation promises to have also a substantial influence on the differential conductance and the tunneling characteristics for low excitation energies.
Reply on RC1
2022-03-18

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Soil erosion continues to be one of the most serious environmental problems of our time and is exacerbated by progressive climate change. Until now, forests have been considered an ideal erosion control. However, even minor disturbances of the forest floor, for example, from heavy vehicles used for timber harvesting, can cause substantial sediment transport. An important countermeasure is the quick restoration of the uncovered soil surface by vegetation. To date, very little attention has been paid to the development of nonvascular plants, such as bryophytes, in disturbed areas of temperate forests and their impact on soil erosion. This study examined the natural succession of pioneer vegetation in skid trails on four soil substrates in a central European temperate forest and investigated their influence on soil erosion. For this purpose, rainfall simulations were conducted on small-scale runoff plots, and vegetation was continuously surveyed during the same period, primarily to map the development of bryophytes and the occurrence of biological soil crusts (biocrusts). Biocrusts appeared immediately after disturbance, consisting primarily of bryophyte protonemata and cyanobacteria as well as coccoid and filamentous algae that lost their biocrust characteristics as succession progressed. They were present from April to July 2019, with a particular expression in the skid trail that was on shale clay (Psilonotenton Formation) and silty clay loam substrate. In general, skid trails on clayey substrates showed considerably higher bryophyte cover and species richness. Although bryophytes were subsequently overtopped by vascular plants, they managed to coexist until their growth was restricted due to leaf litter fall. <i>Brachythecium rutabulum</i> and <i>Oxyrrhynchium hians</i> were the most important and persistent pioneer bryophyte species, while <i>Dicranella schreberiana</i> and <i>Pohlia lutescens</i> were volatile and quickly disappeared after spreading in the summer. Sediment discharge was 22 times higher on disturbed bare soil compared with undisturbed forest soil and showed the largest sediment removal in the wheel tracks. Counteracting this, soil erosion decreased with the recovery of surface vegetation and was particularly reduced with growing pioneer biocrusts in summer, but it again increased in winter, when vascular vegetation became dominant. This leads to the conclusion that the role of bryophyte-dominated biocrusts in forests has been underestimated so far, and they can contribute more to soil conservation at specific times of succession than vascular plants.
Optimization of the precursor supply for an enhanced FK-506 production in Streptomyces tsukubaensis
2022-03-18

Abstract Tacrolimus (FK-506) is a macrolide widely used as immunosuppressant to prevent transplant rejection. Synthetic production of FK-506 is not efficient and costly, whereas the biosynthesis of FK-506 is complex and the level produced by the wild type strain, Streptomyces tsukubaensis , is very low. We therefore engineered FK-506 biosynthesis and the supply of the precursor L-lysine to generate strains with improved FK-506 yield. To increase FK-506 production, first the intracellular supply of the essential precursor lysine was improved in the native host S. tsukubaensis by engineering the lysine biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, a feedback deregulated aspartate kinase Ask St * of S. tsukubaensis was generated by site directed mutagenesis. Whereas overexpression of Ask St * resulted only in a 17% increase in FK-506 yield, heterologous overexpression of a feedback deregulated Ask Cg * from Corynebacterium glutamicum was proven to be more efficient. Combined overexpression of Ask Cg * and DapA St , showed a strong enhancement of the intracellular lysine pool following increase in the yield by approximately 73% compared to the wild type. Lysine is coverted into the FK-506 building block pipecolate by the lysine cyclodeaminase FkbL. Construction of a Δ fkbL mutant led to a complete abolishment of the FK-506 production, confirming the indispensability of this enzyme for FK-506 production. Chemical complementation of the Δ fkbL mutant by feeding pipecolic acid and genetic complementation with fkbL as well as with other lysine cyclodeaminase genes ( pip Af , pipA St , originating from Actinoplanes friuliensis and Streptomyces pristinaespiralis , respectively) completely restored FK-506 production. Subsequently, FK-506 production was enchanced by heterologous overexpression of Pip Af and PipA Sp in S. tsukubaensis . This resulted in a yield increase by 65% compared to the WT in the presence of Pip Af from A. friuliensis . For further rational yield improvement, the crystal structure of Pip Af from A. friuliensis was determined at 1.3 Å resolution with the cofactor NADH bound and at 1.4 Å with its substrate lysine. Based on the structure the Ile91 residue was replaced by Val91 in Pip Af , which resulted in an overall increase of FK-506 production by approx. 100% compared to the WT.
Center Vortex Model for SU(3) Yang-Mills Theory
2022-03-18

The center vortex model for the infrared sector of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory is reviewed. After discussing the physical foundations underlying the model, some technical aspects of its realisation are discussed. The confining properties of the model are presented in some detail and compared to known results from full lattice Yang-Mills theory. Particular emphasis is put on the new phenomenon of vortex branching, which is instrumental in establishing first order behaviour of the SU(3) phase transition. Finally, the vortex free energy is verified to furnish an order parameter for the deconfinement phase transition. It is shown to exhibit a weak discontinuity at the critical temperature, in agreement with predictions from lattice gauge theory.
Dataset (II) related to publication: Discrepancy in interactions and conformational dynamics of pregnane X receptor (PXR) bound to an agonist and a novel competitive antagonist
2022-03-18

MD simulation data related to the publication Rashidian et al.: Discrepancy in interactions and conformational dynamics of pregnane X receptor (PXR) bound to an agonist and a novel competitive antagonist. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.020 Individual .zip files contain raw-desmond trajectories (-out.cms files and trj-files) dataset I: systems SRL+Co, C-100 and BAY-1797 dataset I: each file contains all branched replicas and the main replica. dataset1: C_100_Replica1 contains four branched replicas and the main replica. The two of four branched replicas which stem from the middle of the main replica named: b_c_D1_r1_2285 (corresponding name in the SI data is R1_a) and b_c_D1_2285_r1_2 (corresponding name in the SI data is R1_b). dataset1: C_100_Replica2–5 , each file contains one main replica and the two branches. dataset I: system SRL+Co ;each file contains one main replica dataset I: system BAY-1797; each file contains one main replica dataset II:system SRL ; each file contains one main replica.
Supporting molecular simulations data for "A combined molecular dynamics and experimental study of two-step process enabling low-temperature formation of phase-pure α-FAPbI3"
2022-03-18

Supplementary data for &amp;quot;A combined molecular dynamics and experimental study of two-step process enabling low-temperature formation of phase-pure &amp;alpha;-FAPbI3: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3326&amp;quot;
Live cell microscopy: From image to insight - raw data & analysis
2022-03-18

&lt;p&gt;Accompanying raw and processed data as well as analysis scripts for the publication Biophysics Rev. 3, (2022); &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0082799"&gt;10.1063/5.0082799&lt;/a&gt;&nbsp; &quot;Live cell microscopy: From image to insight&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;
Dataset (I) related to publication: Discrepancy in interactions and conformational dynamics of pregnane X receptor (PXR) bound to an agonist and a novel competitive antagonist
2022-03-18

MD simulation data related to the publication Rashidian et al.: Discrepancy in interactions and conformational dynamics of pregnane X receptor (PXR) bound to an agonist and a novel competitive antagonist. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.020 Individual .zip files contain raw-desmond trajectories (-out.cms files and trj-files) dataset I: systems SRL+Co, C-100 and BAY-1797 dataset I: each file contains all branched replicas and the main replica. dataset1: C_100_Replica1 contains four branched replicas and the main replica. The two of four branched replicas which stem from the middle of the main replica named: b_c_D1_r1_2285 (corresponding name in the SI data is R1_a) and b_c_D1_2285_r1_2 (corresponding name in the SI data is R1_b). dataset1: C_100_Replica2–5 , each file contains one main replica and the two branches. dataset I: system SRL+Co ;each file contains one main replica dataset I: system BAY-1797; each file contains one main replica dataset II:system SRL ; each file contains one main replica.
Management strategy of infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome
2022-03-19

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disease in women of reproductive age. PCOS is characterized by ovulatory disruption, which can lead to infertility. Patients with PCOS are also more likely to have poor pregnancy outcomes. For obese women, lifestyle interventions are recommended first, which have general health benefits. For women who have difficulty changing their lifestyle, drugs for the treatment of obesity or bariatric surgery could be considered. Clomiphene citrate is the first-line medication after weight loss that has been utilized in the past. Letrozole is supplanting clomiphene as the best option for ovulation induction for now, particularly in patients with PCOS. Metformin can improve ovulation and pregnancy rates; however, it has minimal effects in terms of raising live birth rates. Second-line therapies include gonadotropins and laparoscopic ovary drilling. In vitro fertilization can be utilized as a third-line treatment for patients with PCOS who have failed ovulation induction therapy or have other infertility factors. In summary, to achieve fertility, patients with PCOS require standardized individualized therapy.
Diminishing Immune Responses against Variants of Concern in Dialysis Patients 4 Months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination
2022-03-19

Patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis were among the first to receive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations because of their increased risk for severe coronavirus disease and high case-fatality rates. By using a previously reported cohort from Germany of at-risk hemodialysis patients and healthy donors, where antibody responses were examined 3 weeks after the second vaccination, we assessed systemic cellular and humoral immune responses in serum and saliva 4 months after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine using an interferon-γ release assay and multiplex-based IgG measurements. We further compared neutralization capacity of vaccination-induced IgG against 4 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta) by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor-binding domain competition assay. Sixteen weeks after second vaccination, compared with 3 weeks after, cellular and humoral responses against the original SARS-CoV-2 isolate and variants of concern were substantially reduced. Some dialysis patients even had no detectable B- or T-cell responses.
Zeeman tomography of magnetic white dwarfs, I. Reconstruction of the field geometry from synthetic spectra
2022-03-19

We have computed optical Zeeman spectra of magnetic white dwarfs for field strengths between 10 and 200MG and effective temperatures between 8000 and 40000K. They form a database containing 20628 sets of flux and circular polarization spectra. A least-squares optimization code based on an evolutionary strategy can recover relatively complex magnetic field topologies from phase-resolved synthetic Zeeman spectra of rotating magnetic white dwarfs. We consider dipole and quadrupole components which are non-aligned and shifted off-centre. The model geometries include stars with a single high-field spot and with two spots separated by approx. 90 degrees. The accuracy of the recovered field structure increases with the signal-to-noise ratio of the input spectra and is significantly improved if circular polarization spectra are included in addition to flux spectra. We discuss the strategies proposed so far to unravel the field geometries of magnetic white dwarfs.
Neurocognitive development in isolated Robin sequence treated with the Tuebingen palatal plate
2022-03-19

Abstract Objectives We aimed to determine the neurocognitive development of cleft palate patients with and without Robin sequence (RS). Materials and methods Children with isolated RS with cleft palate and children with cleft palate only (CPO) were contacted at the age of 5–6 years. All RS children had undergone initial polygraphic sleep study (PG) with a mixed-obstructive apnea index (MOAI) of ≥ 3/h and were consequently treated with the Tuebingen palatal plate. A standardized clinical examination as well as a neuropediatric and neuropsychological examination included the Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III), Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), and an assessment of developmental milestones. Results In total, 44 children (22RS, 22CPO) were included. RS children were younger at study (70.5 ± 7.3 and 75.2 ± 7.5 months; P = .035). Both groups achieved the evaluated milestones within the normed time frame. WPPSI-III and K-ABC results showed no group differences. Mean values for Verbal IQ (101.8 ± 11.1 vs. 97.1 ± 15.7), Performance IQ (102.9 ± 12.1 vs. 99.6 ± 14.5), Processing Speed Quotient (98.9 ± 15.6 vs. 94.5 ± 15.7), Full-Scale IQ (103.2 ± 12.1 vs. 98.4 ± 15.3), and Sequential Processing Scale (102.1 ± 13.1 vs. 94.2 ± 17.3) were within the reference range (IQ 85–115) for RS and CPO children, respectively, indicating average performance of both groups. Conclusion No neurocognitive, physical, or mental impairments were detected suggesting that RS children having upper airway obstruction (UAO) treated early and effectively may use their potential for an age-appropriate neurocognitive development. Clinical relevance Tuebingen palatal plate treatment successfully releases UAO. Thus, isolated RS does not necessarily result in developmental delay or an impaired neurocognitive outcome. Trial registration Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien, DRKS00006831, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/
Morphological Cues for Lexical Semantics
2022-03-19

Most natural language processing tasks require lexical semantic information. Automated acquisition of this information would thus increase the robustness and portability of NLP systems. This paper describes an acquisition method which makes use of fixed correspondences between derivational affixes and lexical semantic information. One advantage of this method, and of other methods that rely only on surface characteristics of language, is that the necessary input is currently available.
Discovery of A New Class of Pulsating Stars: Gravity-mode Pulsators among Subdwarf B Stars
2022-03-19

During the course of an ongoing CCD monitoring program to investigate low-level light variations in subdwarf B (sdB) stars, we have serendipitously discovered a new class of low amplitude, multimode sdB pulsators with periods of the order of an hour. These periods are more than a factor of ten longer than those of previously known multimode sdB pulsators (EC 14026 stars), implying that they are due to gravity modes rather than pressure modes. The longer period pulsators are found only among cooler sdB stars, where they are surprisingly common. The iron opacity instability that drives the short period EC 14026 stars is effective only in hot sdB's, leaving the driving mechanism for the deeper gravity modes in cool sdB's currently unknown. We present the first observational results for our newly identified sdB variables, and discuss possible implications.
Similarity submodules and root systems in four dimensions
2022-03-19

Lattices and Z-modules in Euclidean space possess an infinitude of subsets that are images of the original set under similarity transformation. We classify such self-similar images according to their indices for certain 4D examples that are related to 4D root systems, both crystallographic and non-crystallographic. We encapsulate their statistics in terms of Dirichlet series generating functions and derive some of their asymptotic properties.
Relations between N and Delta electromagnetic form factors
2022-03-19

The inclusion of two-body exchange currents in the constituent quark model leads to several new relations between the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon and Delta(1232). These are:(i) the neutron charge form factor can be expressed as the difference between proton and Delta+ charge form factors, and (ii) the N-&gt;Delta charge quadrupole (C2) transition form factor is connected to the charge monopole (C0) form factor of the neutron. The latter relation is used to estimate the charge radius of constituent quarks. Furthermore, we find that exchange currents do not modify the SU(6) relation between the magnetic N-&gt;Delta and the magnetic neutron form factors. Consequently, after including exchange currents, the C2/M1 ratio in the N-&gt;Delta transition can be expressed as a ratio of the elastic charge and magnetic form factors of the neutron.
Rational points on some Fano cubic bundles
2022-03-19

We consider some families of smooth Fano hypersurfaces in given by a homogeneous polynomial of bidegree . For these varieties we obtain lower bounds for the number of -rational points of bounded anticanonical height in arbitrary nonempty Zariski open subset . These bounds contradict previous expectations about the distribution of -rational points of bounded height on Fano varieties.
Probabilistic Constraint Logic Programming
2022-03-19

This paper addresses two central problems for probabilistic processing models: parameter estimation from incomplete data and efficient retrieval of most probable analyses. These questions have been answered satisfactorily only for probabilistic regular and context-free models. We address these problems for a more expressive probabilistic constraint logic programming model. We present a log-linear probability model for probabilistic constraint logic programming. On top of this model we define an algorithm to estimate the parameters and to select the properties of log-linear models from incomplete data. This algorithm is an extension of the improved iterative scaling algorithm of Della-Pietra, Della-Pietra, and Lafferty (1995). Our algorithm applies to log-linear models in general and is accompanied with suitable approximation methods when applied to large data spaces. Furthermore, we present an approach for searching for most probable analyses of the probabilistic constraint logic programming model. This method can be applied to the ambiguity resolution problem in natural language processing applications.
Tamagawa numbers of polarized algebraic varieties
2022-03-19

Let be an ample metrized invertible sheaf on a smooth quasi-projective algebraic variety defined over a number field. Denote by the number of rational points in having -height . We consider the problem of a geometric and arithmetic interpretation of the asymptotic for as in connection with recent conjectures of Fujita concerning the Minimal Model Program for polarized algebraic varieties. We introduce the notions of -primitive varieties and -primitive fibrations. For -primitive varieties over we propose a method to define an adelic Tamagawa number which is a generalization of the Tamagawa number introduced by Peyre for smooth Fano varieties. Our method allows us to construct Tamagawa numbers for -Fano varieties with at worst canonical singularities. In a series of examples of smooth polarized varieties and singular Fano varieties we show that our Tamagawa numbers express the dependence of the asymptotic of on the choice of -adic metrics on .
The importance of being lazy -- using lazy evaluation to process queries to HPSG grammars
2022-03-19

Linguistic theories formulated in the architecture of {\\sc hpsg} can be very precise and explicit since {\\sc hpsg} provides a formally well-defined setup. However, when querying a faithful implementation of such an explicit theory, the large data structures specified can make it hard to see the relevant aspects of the reply given by the system. Furthermore, the system spends much time applying constraints which can never fail just to be able to enumerate specific answers. In this paper we want to describe lazy evaluation as the result of an off-line compilation technique. This method of evaluation can be used to answer queries to an {\\sc hpsg} system so that only the relevant aspects are checked and output.
Off-line Constraint Propagation for Efficient HPSG Processing
2022-03-19

We investigate the use of a technique developed in the constraint programming community called constraint propagation to automatically make a HPSG theory more specific at those places where linguistically motivated underspecification would lead to inefficient processing. We discuss two concrete HPSG examples showing how off-line constraint propagation helps improve processing efficiency.