julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Impact of Annexin A 7 Deficiency on FGF23 Plasma Concentrations
2016-01-01

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background/Aims: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;The release of fibroblast growth factor FGF23, a powerful regulator of 1,25(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; formation and mineral metabolism, is stimulated by store-operated Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; entry (SOCE), which is accomplished by the pore forming Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; release activated channel protein Orai1. Regulators of Orai1 and thus FGF23 release include serum &amp;amp; glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1, a kinase up-regulated by glucocorticosteroids. Some effects of glucocorticoids require the presence of annexin A7, such as suppression of prostaglandin E2 in gastric glands. The present study thus explored whether annexin A7 impacts on FGF23 plasma levels. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Comparisons were made between gene targeted mice lacking functional annexin A7 (&lt;i&gt;Anx7&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-/-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;) and their wild type littermates (&lt;i&gt;Anx7&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;+/+&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;). Serum C-terminal-FGF23, intact FGF23, 1,25(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and PTH concentrations were measured by ELISA or EIA. The serum and urinary phosphate concentrations were measured by colorimetry, the serum Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; concentration and the urinary Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; concentration by flame photometry. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Serum C-terminal FGF23 levels and corticosterone levels were significantly higher and serum 1,25(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and PTH levels were significantly lower in &lt;i&gt;Anx7&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-/-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; than in &lt;i&gt;Anx7&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;+/+&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; mice. Water intake was slightly but significantly higher in &lt;i&gt;Anx7&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-/-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; mice than in &lt;i&gt;Anx7&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;+/+&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; mice. No significant difference was observed between &lt;i&gt;Anx7&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-/-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Anx7&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;+/+&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; mice in urinary fluid excretion, plasma Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; concentration, plasma phosphate concentration and urinary Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; output. The urinary phosphate output was significantly lower in &lt;i&gt;Anx7&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;-/-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; mice than in &lt;i&gt;Anx7&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;+/+&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; mice. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Annexin A7 deficiency upregulates FGF23 plasma levels, an effect paralleled by increased corticosterone plasma levels, as well as decreased 1,25(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and PTH plasma levels.
Distinct Gene Expression Patterns Defining Human Osteoblasts' Response to BMP2 Treatment: Is the Therapeutic Success All a Matter of Timing?
2016-01-01

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a key role in bone formation. Local application of BMP2 (Dibotermin alfa) supports bone formation when applied to complex fractures. However, up to 33% of patients do not respond to this therapy. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Purpose:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Aiming to investigate whether inter-individual responses to BMP2 treatment can be predicted by gene expression patterns, we investigated the effect of BMP2 on primary human osteoblasts and THP-1 cell-derived osteoclasts from 110 donors. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Osteoblasts were obtained by collagenase digestion of spongy bone tissues. Osteoclasts were differentiated from THP-1 cells using the conditioned media of the osteoblasts. Viability was determined by resazurin conversion. As functional characteristics AP and Trap5B activity were measured. Gene expression levels were determined by RT-PCR in 21 of the 110 evaluated donors and visualized by electrophoresis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Based on our data, we could classify three response groups: (i) In 51.8% of all donors, BMP2 treatment induced osteoblast function. These donors strongly expressed the BMP2 inhibitor Noggin &lt;i&gt;(NOG)&lt;/i&gt;, the alternative BMP2 receptors repulsive guidance molecule B &lt;i&gt;(RGMb)&lt;/i&gt; and activin receptor-like kinase 6 &lt;i&gt;(Alk6)&lt;/i&gt;, as well as the Wnt inhibitor sclerostin &lt;i&gt;(SOST)&lt;/i&gt;. (ii) In 17.3% of all donors, BMP2 treatment induced viability. In these donors, the initial high &lt;i&gt;SOST&lt;/i&gt; expression significantly dropped with BMP2 treatment. (iii) 30.9% of all donors were not directly affected by BMP2 treatment. These donors expressed high levels of the pseudoreceptor BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor &lt;i&gt;(BAMBI)&lt;/i&gt; and lacked &lt;i&gt;SOST&lt;/i&gt; expression. In all donors, &lt;i&gt;SOST&lt;/i&gt; expression correlated directly with receptor activator of NF-&amp;#x03BA;B ligand &lt;i&gt;(RANKL)&lt;/i&gt; expression, defining the cells' potential to stimulate osteoclastogenesis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Our data identified three donor groups profiting from BMP2 treatment either directly via stimulation of osteoblast function or viability and/or indirectly via inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, depending on their expression of &lt;i&gt;BAMBI&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;SOST&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;NOG&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;RANKL&lt;/i&gt;. On the basis of patients' respective expression profiles, the clinical application of BMP2 as well as its timing might be modified in order to better fit the patients' needs to promote bone formation or to inhibit bone resorption.
The impact of HIV infection on blood leukocyte responsiveness to bacterial stimulation in asymptomatic patients and patients with bloodstream infection
2016-01-01

Introduction HIV‐induced changes in cytokine responses to bacteria may influence susceptibility to bacterial infections and the consequent inflammatory response. Methods We examined the impact of HIV on whole blood responsiveness to bacterial stimulation in asymptomatic subjects and patients with bacterial bloodstream infection (BSI). Whole blood was stimulated ex vivo with two bacterial Toll‐like receptor agonists (lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid) and two pathogens ( Streptococcus pneumoniae and non‐typhoidal Salmonella ), which are relevant in HIV‐positive patients. Production of interferon‐γ, tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐6 was used as a read‐out. Results In asymptomatic subjects, HIV infection was associated with reduced interferon‐γ, release after stimulation and priming of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine response to non‐typhoidal Salmonella . In patients with BSI, we found no such priming effect, nor was there evidence for more profound sepsis‐induced immunosuppression in BSI patients with HIV co‐infection. Conclusions These results suggest a complex effect of HIV on leukocyte responses to bacteria. However, in patients with sepsis, leukocyte responses were equally blunted in patients with and without HIV infection.
A STAT6 Intronic Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism is Associated with Clinical Malaria in Ghanaian Children
2016-01-01

Malaria pathogenesis may be influenced by IgE responses and cytokine cross-regulation. Several mutations in the IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathway can alter cytokine cross-regulation and IgE responses during a Plasmodium falciparum malarial infection. This study investigated the relationship between a STAT6 intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs3024974), total IgE, cytokines, and malaria severity in 238 Ghanaian children aged between 0.5 and 13 years. Total IgE and cytokine levels were measured by ELISA, while genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Compared with healthy controls, heterozygosity protected against clinical malaria: uncomplicated malaria (odds ratios [OR] = 0.13, P &lt; 0.001), severe malarial anemia (OR = 0.18, P &lt; 0.001), and cerebral malaria (OR = 0.39, P = 0.022). Levels of total IgE significantly differed among malaria phenotypes (P = 0.044) and rs3024974 genotypes (P = 0.037). Neither cytokine levels nor IL-6/IL-10 ratios were associated with malaria phenotypes or rs3024974 genotypes. This study suggests a role for rs3024974 in malaria pathogenesis and offers further insights into an IL-4/STAT6 pathway mutation in malaria pathogenesis.
EyeRec: An Open-source Data Acquisition Software for Head-mounted Eye-tracking
2016-01-01

Head-mounted eye tracking offers remarkable opportunities for human computer interaction in dynamic scenarios (e.g., driving assistance). Although a plethora of proprietary software for the acquisition of such eyetracking data exists, all of them are plagued by a critical underlying issue: their source code is not available to the end user. Thus, a researcher is left with few options when facing a scenario in which the proprietary software does not perform as expected. In such a case, the researcher is either forced to change the experimental setup (which is undesirable) or invest a considerable amount of time and money in a different eye-tracking system (which may also underperform). In this paper, we introduce EyeRec, an open-source data acquisition software for head-mounted eye-tracking. Out of the box, EyeRec offers real-time state-of-the-art pupil detection and gaze estimation, which can be easily replaced by user implemented algorithms if desired. Moreover, this software supports multiple head-mounted eye-tracking hardware, records eye and scene videos, and stores pupil and gaze information, which are also available as a real-time stream. Thus, EyeRec can be an efficient means towards facilitating gazed-based human computer interaction research and applications. Available at: www.perception.uni-tuebingen.de
Reading Textures
2016-01-01

While the term 'texture' originally became part of the inventory of literary studies in the context of the formalist New Criticism in the early twentieth century, it has recently undergone a thorough renaissance. This chapter surveys the various theories of texture from the New Criticism to the present both in terms of their conceptualizations of 'text' (e.g. John Crowe Ransom, Moritz Baßler; for these theories the stress would fall on 'Textures', i.e. 'Reading Textures') and in terms of their conceptualizations of the conditioning of reading processes in terms of phenomenology (Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick), cognitive aesthetics (Peter Stockwell), and communication/cultural practice (Richard H. R. Harper; for these theories the stress would fall on 'Reading', i.e. 'Reading Textures'). These latter theories would seem to be highly relevant for the debate about the possibility or even necessity of moving beyond the unspoken agenda of 'critical reading' in literary and cultural studies, be it in terms of 'uncritical reading' (Michael Warner), 'surface reading' (Stephen Best and Sharon Marcus), or 'reflective reading' (Rita Felski). Against this background, the chapter will discuss the potential and limitations of the notion of texture with regard to conceptualizations of media texts from poetry through narrative and comics/graphic novels to songs, video clips, and films on the one hand and with regard to theoretically grounded reading practices in academic contexts on the other.
Acquiring 4D Light Fields of Self-Luminous Extended Light Sources Using Programmable Filter
2016-01-01

Self-luminous light sources in the real world often have nonnegligible sizes and radiate light inhomogeneously. Acquiring the model of such a light source is highly important for accurate image synthesis and understanding. In this paper, we propose an approach to measuring 4D light fields of self-luminous extended light sources by using a liquid crystal (LC) panel, i.e. a programmable optical filter and a diffuse-reflection board. The proposed approach recovers the 4D light field from the images of the board illuminated by the light radiated from a light source and passing through the LC panel. We make use of the feature that the transmittance of the LC panel can be controlled both spatially and temporally. The approach enables multiplexed sensing and adaptive sensing, and therefore is able to acquire 4D light fields more efficiently and densely than the straightforward method. We implemented the prototype setup, and confirmed through a number of experiments that our approach is effective for modeling self-luminous extended light sources in the real world.
Cross‐border coordination of bank resolution in the EU: All problems resolved?
2016-01-01

Among the many technical challenges that continue to have an impact on the effective resolution of large, complex, internationally active banking institutions and groups, the cross-border coordination of measures taken in different jurisdictions clearly is one of the most difficult to address. Given complex – and usually conflicting – vested national interests in home and host jurisdictions, cooperation requires not just a robust decision-making infrastructure, but also depends on the predictability of the economic outcomes of resolution – and on the fairness and reliability of ex ante commitments to joint burden-sharing. Given the dimension of these preconditions, it is hardly surprising that some jurisdictions, including, notably, the USA, have opted for ‘isolationist’, unilateral resolution actions vis-à-vis foreign-owned banks instead. The present article critically evaluates the new framework for cross-border bank resolution under the European Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive and the Single Resolution Mechanism as a counter-example, and identifies residual shortcomings in this regard.
MODULI SPACES OF RATIONAL WEIGHTED STABLE CURVES AND TROPICAL GEOMETRY
2016-01-01

We study moduli spaces of rational weighted stable tropical curves, and their connections with Hassett spaces. Given a vector of weights, the moduli space of tropical -stable curves can be given the structure of a balanced fan if and only if has only heavy and light entries. In this case, the tropical moduli space can be expressed as the Bergman fan of an explicit graphic matroid. The tropical moduli space can be realized as a geometric tropicalization, and as a Berkovich skeleton, its algebraic counterpart. This builds on previous work of Tevelev, Gibney and Maclagan, and Abramovich, Caporaso and Payne. Finally, we construct the moduli spaces of heavy/light weighted tropical curves as fibre products of unweighted spaces, and explore parallels with the algebraic world.
Exploring the Intersection of Short Answer Assessment, Authorship Attribution, and Plagiarism Detection
2016-01-01

In spite of methodological and conceptual parallels, the computational linguistic applications short answer scoring (Burrows et al., 2015), authorship attribution (Stamatatos, 2009), and plagiarism detection (Zesch and Gurevych, 2012) have not been linked in practice.This work explores the practical usefulness of the combination of features from each of these fields for two tasks: short answer assessment, and plagiarism detection.The experiments show that incorporating features from the other domain yields significant improvements.A feature analysis reveals that robust lexical and semantic features are most informative for these tasks.
OUP accepted manuscript
2016-01-01

Journal Article An Event Semantics with Continuations for Incremental Interpretation Get access Oliver Bott, Oliver Bott University of Tübingen, SPP XPrag.de, Project CiC & SFB 833, Project B1, Nauklerstraße 35, 72074 Tübingen, Germany. E-mail: oliver.bott@uni-tuebingen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Wolfgang Sternefeld Wolfgang Sternefeld University of Tübingen, SFB 833, Project B1, Nauklerstraße 35, 72074 Tübingen, Germany. E-mail: sternefeld@uni-tuebingen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Semantics, Volume 34, Issue 2, May 2017, Pages 201–236, https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffw013 Published: 15 February 2017 Article history Received: 26 October 2015 Revision received: 28 October 2016 Accepted: 02 December 2016 Published: 15 February 2017
European integration and the problem of the state: a critique of the bordering of Europe
2016-01-01

Stefan Borg's book challenges everyone studying European Integration and the European Union's role in the world. In times of the re-emergence of borders within Europe, his analysis is more valuable...
Accelerating Source-Level Timing Simulation
2016-01-01

Source-level timing simulation (SLTS) is a promising method to overcome one major challenge in early and rapid prototyping: fast and accurate simulation of timing behavior. However, most of existing SLTS approaches are still coupled with a considerable simulation overhead. We present a method to reduce source-level timing simulation overhead by removing superfluous instrumentation based on instrumentation dependency graphs. We show in experiments, that our optimizations decrease simulation overhead significantly (up to factor 7.7), without losing accuracy. Our detailed experiments are based on benchmarks as well as real life production code, that is simulated in a virtual environment.
Graph-Walk-based Selective Regression Testing of Web Applications Created with Google Web Toolkit.
2016-01-01

Modern web applications are usually based on JavaScript. Due to its loosely typed, dynamic nature, test execution is time expensive and costly. Techniques for regression testing and fault-localization as well as frameworks like the Google Web Toolkit (GWT) ease the development and testing process, but still require approaches to reduce the testing effort. In this paper, we investigate the efficiency of a specialized, graph-walk based selective regression testing technique that aims to detect code changes on the client side in order to determine a reduced set of web tests. To do this, we analyze web applications created with GWT on different precision levels and with varying lookaheads. We examine how these parameters affect the localization of client-side code changes, run time, memory consumption and the number of web tests selected for re-execution. In addition, we propose a dynamic heuristics which targets an analysis that is as exact as possible while reducing memory consumption. The results are partially applicable on non-GWT applications. In the context of web applications,we see that the efficiency relies to a great degree on both the structure of the application and the code modifications, which is why we propose further measures tailored to the results of our approach.
A Prospective Randomized Experimental Study to Investigate the Eradication Rate of Endometriosis after Surgical Resection versus Aerosol Plasma Coagulation in a Rat Model
2016-01-01

This study compares the eradication rate of the new aerosol plasma coagulation device versus standard surgical resection of endometriosis in a rat model. Despite being a thermal method, AePC showed equality towards SR regarding eradication rate but with significantly shorter intervention time.
Enriching How-to Guides by Linking Actionable Phrases
2016-01-01

The World Wide Web contains a large number of community created knowledge of instructional nature. Similarly, in a commercial setting, databases of instructions are used by customer-care providers to guide clients in the resolution of issues. Most of these instructions are expressed in natural language. Knowledge Bases including such information are valuable through the sum of their single entries. However, as each entry is created mostly independently, users (e.g. other community members) cannot take advantage of the accumulated knowledge that can be developed via the aggregation of related entries. In this paper we consider the problem of inter-linking Knowledge Base entries, in order to get relevant information from other parts of the Knowledge Base.
Combining Graph-based Guidance with Error Effect Simulation for Efficient Safety Analysis
2016-01-01

The increasing number of complex embedded systems used in safety relevant tasks produces major challenges in the field of safety analysis. This paper presents a simulation-based safety analysis that will overcome these challenges. The presented approach consists of two parts: an Error Effect Simulation (EES) and a graph-based specification. The EES is composed of a system simulation with fault injection capability and a generic fault specification. The graph-based specification approach guides systematically the EES and enables a very efficient exploration of the analysis space. Inherent in the graph-based specification is the documentation of the safety analysis and a coverage approach to assess the executed safety analysis. Combining these parts leads to an efficient and automatable framework for safety analysis. A use case of an interconnected electronic control system shows the application of the approach and highlights the benefits for a safety analysis, such as a failure mode and effect analysis.
Luhmann in da Contact Zone: Towards a Postcolonial Critique of Sociological Systems Theory
2016-01-01

Thgis chapter reads the works of German sociologist and systems theorist Niklas Luhmann in the context of spaces of transcultural encounter where 'global designs and local histories' (Mignolo) interact and thus make the question of inclusion into or exclusion from 'world society' (Luhmann) particularly pressing. The title of this contribution, 'Luhmann in da Contact Zone', is deliberately ambiguous: On the one hand, the authors of course use 'Luhmann' metonymically, as representative of a highly complex theoretical design. They cursorily outline this design with a special focus on the notion of a singular, modern 'world society', only to confront it with the epistemic challenges of the contact zone. On the other hand, this critique will also involve the close observation of Niklas Luhmann as a human observer (a category which within the logic of systems theory actually does not exist) who increasingly transpires in his later writings on exclusion in the global South. By following this dual strategy, the authors wish to trace an increasing fracture between Luhmann and his theory, between abstract theoretical design and personalized testimony. It is by exploring and measuring this fracture that they hope to eventually be able to map out the potential of a possibly more productive encounter between systems theory and specific strands of postcolonial theory for a pluritopic reading of global modernity.
Approximating Givenness in Content Assessment through Distributional Semantics
2016-01-01

Givenness (Schwarzschild, 1999) is one of the central notions in the formal pragmatic literature discussing the organization of discourse.In this paper, we explore where distributional semantics can help address the gap between the linguistic insights into the formal pragmatic notion of Givenness and its implementation in computational linguistics.As experimental testbed, we focus on short answer assessment, in which the goal is to assess whether a student response correctly answers the provided reading comprehension question or not.Current approaches only implement a very basic, surface-based perspective on Givenness: A word of the answer that appears as such in the question counts as GIVEN.We show that an approach approximating Givenness using distributional semantics to check whether a word in a sentence is similar enough to a word in the context to count as GIVEN is more successful quantitatively and supports interesting qualitative insights into the data and the limitations of a basic distributional semantic approach identifying Givenness at the lexical level.