julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Extraction Asymmetries
2010-07-29

This monograph addresses divergent views in the linguistic literature on whether German displays the that-trace effect and other subject/object asymmetries commonly found for long extractions in English and other languages. Using newly developed rating methodologies, the author exposes consistent and robust subject/object asymmetries in German – a surprisingly unequivocal result given that the existence of these effects is controversial. This finding raises important questions: how can one account for the discrepancy between the clear experimental evidence on the one hand, and the lack of consensus in the linguistic literature on the other? And secondly, it raises again the old question of why subject extractions are dispreferred. This work also provides intriguing new insights into the long-standing question on how to analyse German constructions such as Wer glaubst du hat recht? – the ‘parenthesis versus extraction debate'. In this work decisive evidence points in favour of the parenthetical analysis.
Off-shell behavior of nucleon self-energy in asymmetric nuclear matter
2010-07-29

The off-shell behavior of the nucleon self-energy in isospin asymmetric\\nnuclear matter is investigated within the framework of relativistic\\nDirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach based on projection techniques. The\\ndependence of the Dirac components of the self-energy on momentum as well as\\nenergy is evaluated for symmetric as well as asymmetric nuclear matter. Special\\nattention is paid to the various contributions to the momentum dependence of\\nthe real and imaginary part of the optical potential. The consequences to the\\ndifferent definitions of the effective nucleon mass and particle spectral\\nfunctions are discussed.\\n
An Improved Synthesis of Ternary Carbonates: The Examples LiLa(CO3)2 and La(CO3)F
2010-07-29

Abstract The ternary carbonate LiLa(CO 3 ) 2 , previously obtained under supercritical CO 2 pressure conditions was prepared by a new and efficient way of synthesis. A 2:1 molar mixture of Li 2 (CO 3 ) and LaCl 3 reacted in a silica tube at 400 °C. The crystal structure of LiLa(CO 3 ) 2 was refined from X‐ray single‐crystal data and can be related with a caesium chloride type arrangement, where Li + and La 3+ ions occupy the cesium positions and (CO 3 ) 2– ions occupy all cubic voids. Cerium‐doped samples (LiLa(CO 3 ) 2 :Ce) exhibit blue luminescence. The mineral bastnäsite was synthesized by the same preparative approach, departing from a 1:1 molar mixture of LaF 3 and Li 2 (CO 3 ) being reacted at 450 °C.
Thrombelastometry‐guided thrombolytic therapy in massive pulmonary artery embolism
2010-07-29

We report a case of a patient who suffered a massive pulmonary embolism with cardiac arrest on post‐operative day 4 after a Whipple operation. Despite thrombolytic therapy with the recommended maximal bolus of 50 mg recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator (rt‐PA), thrombelastometry showed no signs of fibrinolysis and cardiogenic shock persisted, after only a transient hemodynamic improvement. Not until a repeat bolus of 25 mg rt‐PA and an infusion of 50 mg/h did thrombelastometry demonstrate complete fibrinolysis. Although only residual emboli were seen on computed tomography, the patient died secondary to refractory right heart failure. This demonstrates that the standard dosing of thrombolytics may fail in a subgroup of patients, and suggests that thrombelastometry may be useful for early dose adjustment when standard dosing regimens fail.
Sustainability of Linguistic Resources Revisited
2010-07-29

Data providers, users, and funders alike want and need sustainability of language resources (e.g. language corpora, grammars, etc.); sustainability requires making the resources available according to defined processes, platforms, or archives in a reproducible and reliable way. A three-year project on sustainability of linguistic resources conducted at Tübingen, Hamburg, and Potsdam illuminates some of the difficulties: the prevalence of stand-off markup (requiring a layer of specialized tools atop the XML stack), machine-generated XML of low clarity, ad hoc non-standard tag sets, discoverability, and selection criteria for long-term archiving. XML and other standards are necessary but not sufficient ingredients in the mix.
Pre‐synaptic BK channels selectively control glutamate versus GABA release from cortical and hippocampal nerve terminals
2010-07-30

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115 , 411–422. Abstract In the present study, by means of genetic, biochemical, morphological, and electrophysiological approaches, the role of large‐conductance voltage‐ and Ca 2+ ‐dependent K + channels (BK channels) in the release of excitatory and non‐excitatory neurotransmitters at hippocampal and non‐hippocampal sites has been investigated. The results obtained show that the pharmacological modulation of pre‐synaptic BK channels selectively regulates [ 3 H] d ‐aspartate release from cortical and hippocampal rat synaptosomes, but it fails to influence the release of excitatory neurotransmitters from cerebellar nerve endings or that of [ 3 H]GABA, [ 3 H]Noradrenaline, or [ 3 H]Dopamine from any of the brain regions investigated. Confocal immunofluorescence experiments in hippocampal or cerebrocortical nerve terminals revealed that the main pore‐forming BK α subunit was more abundantly expressed in glutamatergic (vGLUT1 + ) versus GABAergic (GAD 65‐67 + ) nerve terminals. Double patch recordings in monosynaptically connected hippocampal neurons in culture confirmed a preferential control exerted by BK channels on glutamate over GABA release. Altogether, the present results highlight a high degree of specificity in the regulation of the release of various neurotransmitters from distinct brain regions by BK channels, supporting the concept that BK channel modulators can be used to selectively limit excessive excitatory amino acid release, a major pathogenetic mechanism in several neuropsychiatric disorders.
Pangshura tatrotia, a new species of pond turtle (Testudinoidea) from the Pliocene Siwaliks of Pakistan
2010-07-30

We describe a new species of fossil testudinoid from the Indian subcontinent, Pangshura tatrotia sp. nov., and suggest a new clade name, Palatochelydia, for the monophyletic assemblage of South Asian turtles to which it belongs. A combined analysis using recent molecular data and an updated morphological dataset confidently places P. tatrotia as sister to the extant turtle P. tecta. The holotype specimen is unique relative to most previously described palatochelydian material in that it is associated with good quality locality information. We therefore can conclude that this specimen comes from the Pliocene Tatrot Formation of north-eastern Pakistan, which corresponds to an interval of 2.59 to 3.59 Ma. This can now serve as a minimum divergence date for the P. tecta clade. However, given that no other palatochelydian fossils are associated with good quality locality information, this date must also serve as the minimum for all other, more inclusive palatochelydian clades.
Pulmonary Function in Children After Open Water SCUBA Dives
2010-07-30

An increasing number of children and adolescents is diving with Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA). SCUBA diving is associated with health risks such as pulmonary barotrauma, especially in children and in individuals with airflow limitation. As no data has been published on the effects of open-water diving on pulmonary function in children, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of SCUBA dives on airflow in children. 16 healthy children aged 10-13 years underwent spirometry and a cycle-exercise challenge while breathing cold air. They subsequently performed dives to 1-m and 8-m depth in random order. Pulmonary function was measured before and after the exercise challenge and the dives. There were statistically significant decreases in FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, MEF25 and MEF50 after the cold-air exercise challenge and the dives. Changes in lung function following the exercise challenge did not predict the responses to SCUBA diving. In 3 children the post-dive decrements in FEV1 exceeded 10%. These children had a lower body weight and BMI percentile. SCUBA diving in healthy children may be associated with relevant airflow limitation. A low body mass might contribute to diving-associated bronchoconstriction. In the majority of subjects, no clinically relevant airway obstruction could be observed.
FDI and Domestic Investment: An Industry-Level View
2010-07-30

Abstract Previous empirical work on the link between domestic and foreign investment has provided mixed results. This may partly be due to the level of aggregation of the data. In this paper, we argue that the impact of FDI on the domestic capital stock depends on the structure of industries. Using industry-level data on the stock of German FDI, we test our predictions. We use panel cointegration methods which address the potential endogeneity of FDI. We find evidence for a positive long-run impact of FDI on the domestic capital stock.
Requirement of the Nitrogen Starvation-Induced Protein Sll0783 for Polyhydroxybutyrate Accumulation in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803
2010-07-31

ABSTRACT Nitrogen is often a limiting nutrient in natural habitats. Therefore, cyanobacteria have developed multiple responses, which are controlled by transcription factor NtcA and the PII-signaling protein, to adapt to nitrogen deficiency. Transcriptional analyses of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 under nitrogen-deficient conditions revealed a highly induced gene ( sll0783 ) which is annotated as encoding a conserved protein with an unknown function. This gene is part of a cluster of seven genes and has potential NtcA-binding sites in the upstream region. Homologues of this cluster occur in some unicellular, nondiazotrophic cyanobacteria and in several Alpha , Beta -, and Gammaproteobacteria , as well as in some Gram-positive bacteria. Most of the heterotrophic bacteria harboring this gene cluster are able to fix nitrogen and to produce polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), whereas of the cyanobacteria, only Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 can accumulate PHB. In this work, a Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 sll0783 gene knockout mutant is characterized. This mutant is unable to accumulate PHB, a carbon and energy storage compound. In contrast, the levels of the carbon storage compound glycogen and the PHB precursor acetyl coenzyme A were similar to those of the wild type, indicating that the PHB-deficient phenotype does not likely result from a global deficiency in carbon metabolism. A specific deficiency in PHB synthesis was implied by the fact that the mutant exhibits impaired PHB synthase activity during prolonged nitrogen starvation. However, the expression of PHB synthase-encoding genes was not strongly affected in the mutant, suggesting that the impaired PHB synthase activity observed depends on a posttranscriptional process in which the product of sll0783 is involved.
The AP-3 β Adaptin Mediates the Biogenesis and Function of Lytic Vacuoles inArabidopsis
2010-08-01

Abstract Plant vacuoles are essential multifunctional organelles largely distinct from similar organelles in other eukaryotes. Embryo protein storage vacuoles and the lytic vacuoles that perform a general degradation function are the best characterized, but little is known about the biogenesis and transition between these vacuolar types. Here, we designed a fluorescent marker–based forward genetic screen in Arabidopsis thaliana and identified a protein affected trafficking2 (pat2) mutant, whose lytic vacuoles display altered morphology and accumulation of proteins. Unlike other mutants affecting the vacuole, pat2 is specifically defective in the biogenesis, identity, and function of lytic vacuoles but shows normal sorting of proteins to storage vacuoles. PAT2 encodes a putative β-subunit of adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) that can partially complement the corresponding yeast mutant. Manipulations of the putative AP-3 β adaptin functions suggest a plant-specific role for the evolutionarily conserved AP-3 β in mediating lytic vacuole performance and transition of storage into the lytic vacuoles independently of the main prevacuolar compartment-based trafficking route.
The role of culture at different levels of analysis
2010-08-01

The past few decades have seen a tremendous growth in work patterns that involve social actors from different cultural backgrounds interacting with one another, as shown by the increase in number and forms of international staff (Collings et al., 2007) or the rise in the formation of international joint ventures (Pothukuchi et al., 2002). Even actors whose scope of activity is limited to a domestic context are likely to be exposed to foreign cultures as they collaborate with coworkers, partners, suppliers and clients from different ethnic and cultural origins. Although research at the interface between the domestic and international context is still relatively scarce, for example as illustrated by the limited attention that local nationals have received in international assignment research (Toh and DeNisi, 2007; Vance and Ring, 1994), scholars widely agree that culture transcends and thus forms an integral part of many aspects in business. One stream of research has explored the multiple layers that constitute culture and that differ in terms of their degree of tangibility and visibility, distinguishing between observable artifacts and behaviors, deeper-level values and basic assumptions (e.g. Schein, 1992). In this vein, existing cross-cultural research has mainly conceptualized culture as a system of shared, underlying values that explain (Hofstede, 1980; Schwartz, 1994) but may also potentially vary from (House et al., 2004) behavioral practices. Another debate has centered on the multiple levels at which culture has been conceptualized to operate (Chao, 2000; Leung et al., 2005). It has been common to consider a hierarchy of levels in which lower levels are nested within higher levels, for example an individual working in a team that forms part of an organization that, in turn, operates in a specific national market. However, these scholars increasingly also point to the cross-level effects that occur when changes at one cultural level influence and reshape other levels. Although the resulting implications are highly relevant to the understanding of cultural phenomena at large, levels issues in cross-cultural research have thus far focused mainly on the different levels at which national culture influences behavioral outcomes, broadly distinguishing between individual, group, and organization-level effects. In this respect, national culture has been shown to have both direct and moderated effects on a wide range of individual and interpersonal attitudes, cognitions and behaviors (Tsui et al., 2007), impact on team processes (Gelfand et al., 2007) and influence various organizational systems, structures and practices, including capital International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 10(2) 131–136 a The Author(s) 2010 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1470595810376429 ccm.sagepub.com CCM International Journal of Cross Cultural Management
Revised magnetostratigraphy and characteristics of the fluviolacustrine sedimentation of the Kashmir basin, India, during Pliocene‐Pleistocene
2010-08-01

The Pliocene‐Pleistocene Karewa Group sediments of the Kashmir basin, India, provide an important continental archive for past climatic reconstruction. The present study reevaluates the magnetic polarity stratigraphy and the nature of the depositional environment at a 440‐m‐thick section along Romushi river near Pakharpur (33°48′50′′N, 74°45′54′′E). Magnetic remanences are predominantly carried by Ti‐rich titanomagnetite and magnetite. We identified eight normal and eight reversed‐polarity magnetozones in this succession, ranging between 4.40 and 0.77 Ma. The polarity sequence includes the new identification of the Cochiti and the Mammoth and their preceding and succeeding reversed/normal as well as the Jaramillo subchrons. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data suggest the existence of northeast‐ and northwest‐flowing fluvial system before 4.18 Ma, indicating the Pir Panjal range at the southwest as the sediment source area. Following this, the valley was under the influence of fluviolacustrine environment between 4.18 and 0.77 Ma. Our results suggest relatively strong flow velocity toward the northeast during the upper Gilbert, Gauss, and lower and middle Matuyama chrons (4.18–1.07 Ma). In the upper Matuyama chron (&lt;1.07 Ma), the prevailing paleocurrent direction in the basin changed toward the northwest with a reduced flow velocity, indicating the emergence of the ancestral Jhelum river. On the basis of the magnetic polarity chronology, the sediment accumulation rate indicates a very low value of ∼4.6 cm kyr −1 before 1.95 Ma to ∼33 cm kyr −1 between 1.95 and 1.77 Ma and 23 cm kyr −1 after 1.77 Ma. We attribute temporal changes in sedimentation rate to the interplay between climate (predominantly westerlies) and tectonics (pulsating Pir Panjal uplift).
An analysis of core-competences of successful multinational team leaders
2010-08-01

Researchers have endeavoured to understand the factors that enable effective functioning of multinational teams (MNTs) but with few exceptions they have ignored studying the competences of MNT leaders. In this paper we present those competences leaders must possess in order to effectively lead MNTs. Our findings are based on 70 problem-centred interviews with MNT leaders and members from five multinational corporations. The competences our interviewees mentioned most frequently for effective leadership were knowledge management and transfer. Results further indicated that a leader must be cross-culturally competent and multilingual in order to motivate MNT members to fully explore, exploit and transfer valuable knowledge within the team and beyond.
Motion by anisotropic mean curvature as sharp interface limit of an inhomogeneous and anisotropic Allen–Cahn equation
2010-08-01

We consider the spatially inhomogeneous and anisotropic reaction–diffusion equation ut = m(x) −1 div[ m(x)ap(x,∇u) ] + ε −2 f(u) , involving a small parameter ε &gt; 0 and a bistable nonlinear term whose stable equilibria are 0 and 1. We use a Finsler metric related to the anisotropic diffusion term and work in relative geometry. We prove a weak comparison principle and perform an analysis of both the generation and the motion of interfaces. More precisely, we show that, within the time-scale of order ε2|ln ε|, the unique weak solution u ε develops a steep transition layer that separates the regions {u ε ≈ 0} and {u ε | 1}. Then, on a much slower time-scale, the layer starts to propagate. Consequently, as ε → 0, the solution u ε converges almost everywhere (a.e.) to 0 in Ω − t and 1 in Ω + t , where Ω − t and Ω + t are sub-domains of Ω separated by an interface Гt, whose motion is driven by its anisotropic mean curvature. We also prove that the thickness of the transition layer is of order ε.
Cortical cellular actions of transcranial magnetic stimulation
2010-08-01

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used in two different ways to manipulate cortical information processing, either by applying a single pulse around the time point of expected task processing or by persistently shifting cortical excitability by repetitive stimulation (rTMS). Single pulses applied when specific cortical processing takes place always impair cortical function due to increased noise or enhanced inhibition, both resulting in decreased signal-to-noise ratio, while repetitive stimulation may allow to weaken or improve cortical processing depending on the type of stimulation. The opposite effects of low- (∼1 Hz) and high-frequency rTMS (5–20 Hz), as well as the opposing effects of continuous versus intermittent theta-burst trains, lowering or raising cortical excitability respectively, have mainly been attributed to synaptic plasticity. As reviewed in this article, in a series of electrophysiological, immunohistochemical and molecular-biological animal experiments we obtained evidence for modulation of inhibitory cortical activity as a further reason of changing cortical excitability following rTMS.
Restoration of useful vision up to letter recognition capabilities using subretinal microphotodiodes
2010-08-01

Our group has developed a subretinal microphotodiode array for restoration of vision. In a clinical pilot study the array has been implanted in 11 patients suffering from photoreceptor degenerations. Here we present promising results from some of those patients where the retinal tissue above the chip was functional and the implant fulfilled its expected function. A spatial resolution of approximately 0.3 cycles/degree could be achieved with fine stripe patterns. In one subject where the implant had been placed directly under the macular region of the retina a visual acuity of 20/1000 could be measured. Artificially restored visual acuity of this quality has not been reported previously. Finally, we present images illustrating an approximation of how the visual perceptions might have appeared to the subjects, based on a mathematical model and patient reports.
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy vs 3-Dimensional Histologic Imaging in Basal Cell Carcinoma
2010-08-01

Confocal laser scanning microscopy lacks high sensitivity to detect small tumor strands of basal cell carcinomas. In the future, CLSM may represent a time-saving and less expensive alternative to cryostat histopathologic examination.
Epidural ECoG Online Decoding of Arm Movement Intention in Hemiparesis
2010-08-01

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) that rely upon epidural electrocorticographic signals may become a promising tool for neurorehabilitation of patients with severe hemiparatic syndromes due to cerebrovascular, traumatic or tumor-related brain damage. Here, we show in a patient-based feasibility study that online classification of arm movement intention is possible. The intention to move or to rest can be identified with high accuracy (~90 %), which is sufficient for BCI-guided neurorehabilitation. The observed spatial distribution of relevant features on the motor cortex indicates that cortical reorganization has been induced by the brain lesion. Low- and high-frequency components of the electrocorticographic power spectrum provide complementary information towards classification of arm movement intention.
An integrated software solution for multi-modal mapping of morphological and functional ocular data
2010-08-01

Various morphological and functional techniques for retina examination have been established in the recent years. Although many examination results are spatially resolved and can be mapped onto data originating from other modalities, usually only data from one modality is analyzed by a clinician at a time. This is mainly because there is no software available to the public that enables the registration of structure and function in the clinical setting. Therefore we developed an integrated mapping application that allows the registration and analysis of morphological data (fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy images, and GDx thickness profiles) and functional data (multifocal electroretinography, multifocal pattern electroretinography, perimetry, and microperimetry). To obtain quantitative data that can be used for clinical trials and statistical analyses, extraction routines for morphological parameters - such as retinal layer thicknesses and measures of the vascular network - have been integrated. Global, regional and point-specific data from registered modalities can be extracted and exported for statistical analyses. In this article we present the implementation and examples of use of the developed software.