julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Sodium monochloroacetate causes cytotoxic effects, an increased lactate and pyruvate level and induces ultra structural and cytoskeletal alterations in cultured kidney and liver epithelial cells
2000-02-01

1 Monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) and its sodium salt, sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) are widely used in chemical industries as intermediates in the synthesis of carboxymethylcellulose, phenoxyacetic acid, thio-glycolic acid, glycine, indigoid dyes and others. More-over, MCAA has been found as a by-product of the chlorination disinfection of drinking water and as an environmental contaminant of the atmosphere from the photodechlorination reactions of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Little is known about the mode of action of both compounds on the cellular level. From cases of accidental poisoning of man it is known that MCAA accumulates in liver and kidney. 2 In this study, the cytotoxicity of SMCA on cultured liver (Chang liver cells) and kidney epithelial cells of the proximal tubule (Opossum kidney cells) was investigated and its effect on metabolism, ultrastruc-ture and organization of cytoskeleton was examined. 3 Independent from the growth state of the cells (proliferating or quiescent), the results clearly show that SMCA causes a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability after an exposure period of 24 h. In all experiments, proliferating cells were more sensitive than quiescent and confluent cells. Liver cells were less sensitive against SMCA treatment than kidney epithe-lial cells. In contrast to liver cells, kidney cells exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in cell volume. The decrease in cell viability was accompanied by an increase of lactate and pyruvate concentrations released into the culture medium. In the case of Opossum kidney cells, lactate and pyruvate levels increased 5-6-fold, whereas in the case of Chang liver cells the increase was approximately twofold. While the ultrastructure of liver cells remained unaltered after drug treatment, kidney cells exhibited cytoplas-mic vacuolization, membraneous disruption and especially mitochondrial alterations. In accordance with the changes in the ultrastructure of Opossum cells, was the reorganization of cytoskeletal elements with an increased stress fiber network at the basolat-eral surface as well as a partial depolymerization of microtubules and vimentin filaments. A cytoskeletal reorganization was not observed for Chang liver cells after SMCA treatment. 4 The results demonstrate that SMCA causes a dose-dependent cytotoxicity which is accompanied by metabolic, mitochondrial and cytoskeletal alterations in the cells.
Distribution of IS1358 and linkage to rfb-related genes in Vibrio anguillarum The GenBank accession numbers for the IS1358 sequences are U93587–U93597.
2000-02-01

The insertion sequence IS1358 is linked to the rfb regions of both Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, and its location was suggestive of a role in generating new combinations of rfb genes. This provoked an examination of the distribution and localization of IS1358 in Vibrio anguillarum. S11358 was widely distributed in a number of V. anguillarum serogroups. In particular, when cosmid clones of V. anguillarum O1 were screened with IS1358 and subsequently subcloned and sequenced, it was found that rfb-like genes were linked to this region. Furthermore, when the previously identified genes virA and virB from V. anguillarum O1, now known to be involved in LPS biosynthesis, were used as probes, it was discovered that they too are present on the same large EcoRI fragment as IS1358. This clearly indicated that IS1358 was linked to the rfb region of V. anguillarum O1. Further analysis of the location of IS1358 in other serotypes indicated that V. anguillarum O2 also has IS1358 associated with rfb-like genes. In V. anguillarum O2 there is more than one copy of IS1358, suggesting that this element is a site for recombination, gene duplication or that it may be capable of transposition. Following this latter premise, IS1358 elements from a variety of V. anguillarum strains have been cloned and sequenced. Only those strains with multiple copies of IS1358 produce a full-length putative transposase, as shown by protein overexpression, further strengthening the argument that the element is transposing within these strains.
Association of Impaired Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activity in GLUT1-Containing Vesicles with Malinsertion of Glucose Transporters into the Plasma Membrane of Fibroblasts from a Patient with Severe Insulin Resistance and Clinical Features of Werner Syndrome1
2000-02-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the molecular mechanism responsible for the defective insulin-stimulated glucose transport in cultured fibroblasts from a patient (VH) with clinical features of Werner syndrome and severe insulin resistance. Thus, in cells derived from VH, the subcellular distribution, structure, functional activity, as well as plasma membrane insertion of GLUT1 glucose transporters were analyzed. Furthermore, the insulin signal transduction pathway leading to activation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase as well as components of GLUT1-containing membrane vesicles were characterized. In fibroblasts derived from VH, GLUT1 glucose transporters were overexpressed by 8-fold in plasma membranes (PM) and by 5-fold in high density microsomes, respectively. Exofacial photolabeling revealed that only 14% of the overexpressed PM-GLUT1 transporters were properly inserted into the plasma membrane. The complementary DNA structure of the patient's insulin receptor and the GLUT1 glucose transporter, the intrinsic activity of plasma membrane glucose transporters, the tyrosine phosphorylation, as well as the protein expression of insulin receptor substrate-1/2 and p85 alpha/beta- and p110 alpha/beta-subunits of PI 3-kinase were normal. However, insulin-stimulated association of the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase was defective in fibroblasts derived from VH compared to those from controls, and this defect was associated with a reduced IRS-1-dependent activation of PI 3-kinase by 50.2% and 63.6% after incubation for 5 and 10 min with 100 nmol/L insulin, respectively. Furthermore, immunodetection of small GTP-binding Rab proteins in subcellular membrane fractions indicated a decreased expression of Rab4 in total cellular homogenates as well as in high density microsomes by 70% and 58%, respectively. After preparation of GLUT1-containing vesicles, Rab4 was not detected to be a component of these vesicles. Analysis of the PI 3-kinase in GLUT1-containing membrane vesicles revealed insulin-dependent targeting of the p85 subunit to the vesicles immunoadsorbed from VH and control fibroblasts. Importantly, the association of the p85 subunit as well as the p85-immunoprecipitable PI 3-kinase activity were markedly reduced in GLUT1-vesicles derived from the patient. In conclusion, impaired PI 3-kinase activity in GLUT1-containing membrane vesicles derived from fibroblasts of VH is associated with a defective docking and/or fusion process of glucose transporters with the plasma membrane and thus might contribute to the molecular defect causing insulin resistance in this patient.
Immunomodulatory properties of rumalon, a glycosaminoglycan peptide complex, in patients with osteoarthritis: activation of T helper cell type 2 cytokines and antigen-specific IgG4 antigen-specific igG4 antibodies.
2000-02-01

Rumalon appears to have immunomodulatory properties and preferentially stimulates IgG4 antibodies via the activation of type 2 cytokines in vivo. Whether these phenomena can be correlated with the postulated therapeutic effect of Rumalon in patients with OA remains to be seen, but pain relief via release of endorphins by Th2 cells could be one explanation.
Power estimation approach for SRAM-based FPGAs
2000-02-01

This paper presents the power consumption estimation for the novel Virtex architecture. Due to the fact that the XC4000 and the Virtex core architecture are very similar, we used the basic approaches for the XC4000-FPGAs power consumption estimation and extended that method for the new Virtex family. We determined an appropriate technology-dependent power factor Kp to calculate the power consumption on Virtex-chips, and developed a special benchmark test design to conduct our investigations. Additionally, the derived formulas are evaluated on two typical industrial designs. Our own emulation environments called SPYDER-ASIC-X1 and SPYDER-VIRTEX-X2 were used, which are best suited for the emulation of hardware designs for embedded systems.
Adapters and binders
2000-02-01

The Standard Template Library [Lee-Step], [SGI-STL], had the reputation of being complex and hard to use. Because of its exhaustive use of the new C++ language features, most compilers weren't able to fully support this library. Nowadays, new compilers and the standardisation of C++ [ANSI-CPP] not only enable us to use the STL in its full strength, but also show us the drawbacks of a library which apparently was designed from scratch without the possibility of testing and using it. This paper will focus on the syntax and semantics of STL Adaptors and Binders. It will reveal some shortcomings in their C++ implementation and suggest solutions for the encountered problems.
Oxidation of Plasmalogens Produces Highly Effective Modulators of Macrophage Function
2000-02-01

Abstract Model derivatives of plasmalogens and chemically synthesized oxidative degradation products as found e.g. during oxidation of low density lipoproteins show strong effects on phagocytosis induced secretion of reactive oxygen species of macrophages which was measured by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. Whereas a plasmalogen epoxide showed enhancing effects in submicromolar range, inhibition was found with higher concentrations as well as with a-hydroxyaldehydes. The substances showed only little effects on the non-cellular ROSdependent chemiluminescence of the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and opsonized zymosan and no cytotoxic effects under the assay conditions used. These results show that oxidative modification and degradation of plasmalogens occuring also under pathophysiological situations in vivo produces effective modulators of macrophage function which could be important; e.g. during inflammation or atherogenesis.
Besonnenheit, Gerechtigkeit und Zivilcourage
2000-02-01

Abstract The scarcity of goods is one of the central problems medical ethics has to deal with. Scarcity results from the connection of a naturallack of goods and human pleonexia, i.e. the desire always to wish for more. The old and the new answer on the problern of pleonexia is temperance which in the health care system could prove itself by considerately dealing with a permanently growing measure of different medical treatments. But since individual temperance can not be generally guaranteed, the question of justice, of a just organization of the Health Care System remains to be answered. A fair weighing of goods, to give a concrete example, is necessary in order to clarify which significance the health care system ought to have in politics, compared with other political topics, for example education. Moreover it is necessary to know for which of the possible medical treatments there exists a just claim for everybody. For this reason a model of health care insurance with different stages is considered.
Shorter notice. The Identity of the Scottish Nation. William Ferguson
2000-02-01

Shorter notice. The Identity of the Scottish Nation. William Ferguson Get access C Harvie C Harvie University of Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 115, Issue 460, February 2000, Pages 212–213, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/115.460.212 Published: 01 February 2000
Shorter notice. The Identity of the Scottish Nation. William Ferguson
2000-02-01

Journal Article Shorter notice. The Identity of the Scottish Nation. William Ferguson Get access C Harvie C Harvie University of Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 115, Issue 460, February 2000, Pages 212–213, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/115.460.212 Published: 01 February 2000
Extractional - Spectrophotometric Determination of Fenbendazole and Ornidazole in Pharmaceutical Formulations
2000-02-03

Methods for spectrophotometric determination of fenbendazole and ornidazde are described. The methods are based on the formation and extraction of the ion-pair complex formed between bromothymol blue and either fenbendazole (FBZ) or ornidazole (ORN). The extracted coloured complexes absorb at 416 and 446 nm, respectively. The effect of different factors, e.g. pH, organic solvent, reagent concentration, extraction time, shaking time and common interfering species have been investigated. Fenbendazole and ornidazole can be determined over the range 1.2 to 24.0 ppm and 5.5 to 77.0 ppm, respectively. The precision of the methods was tested for the determination of pure samples of FBZ and ORN and the mean RSD was found to be 3.0 and 2.3% for FBZ and ORN, respectively.The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of FBZ and ORN in commercially dosage fornis. A comparison between the suggested methods and the other reported methods was also studied.
Beyond Nearest-Neighbor Spacing Distributions: A New Indicator for Core-Induced Chaos
2000-02-07

We present a method for the statistical analysis of quantum spectra which goes beyond the standard nearest-neighbor spacing distribution. The method exploits a peculiar correlation of oscillator strength and level spacing distributions. For diamagnetic Rydberg spectra we demonstrate that core-induced chaos and generic chaos can be distinguished in an experimentally accessible regime far below the semiclassical limit and with already a few hundred lines per spectrum. We present two hypotheses for a generalization of our findings.
Deconfinement in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory as a center vortex percolation transition
2000-02-08

By fixing lattice Yang-Mills configurations to the maximal center gauge and subsequently applying the technique of center projection, one can identify center vortices in these configurations. Recently, center vortices have been shown to determine the string tension between static quarks at finite temperatures (center dominance); also, they correctly reproduce the deconfining transition to a phase with vanishing string tension. After verifying center dominance also for the so-called spatial string tension, the present analysis focuses on the global topology of vortex networks. General arguments are given supporting the notion that the deconfinement transition in the center vortex picture takes the guise of a percolation transition. This transition is detected in Monte Carlo experiments by concentrating on various slices through the closed vortex surfaces; these slices, representing loops in lattice universes reduced by one dimension, clearly exhibit the expected transition from a percolating to a non-percolating, deconfined, phase. The latter phase contains a large proportion of vortex loops winding around the lattice in the Euclidean time direction. At the same time, an intuitive picture clarifying the persistence of the spatial string tension in the deconfined phase emerges.
Outcome at Age 4 Years in Offspring of Women With Maternal Phenylketonuria
2000-02-09

Our data suggest that delayed development in offspring of women with PKU is associated with lack of maternal metabolic control prior to or early in pregnancy. Treatment at any time during pregnancy may reduce the severity of delay.
Tactile Coactivation-Induced Changes in Spatial Discrimination Performance
2000-02-15

We studied coactivation-based cortical plasticity at a psychophysical level in humans. For induction of plasticity, we used a protocol of simultaneous pairing of tactile stimulation to follow as closely as possible the idea of Hebbian learning. We reported previously that a few hours of tactile coactivation resulted in selective and reversible reorganization of receptive fields and cortical maps of the hindpaw representation of the somatosensory cortex of adult rats (Godde et al., 1996). In the present study, simultaneous spatial two-point discrimination was tested on the tip of the right index finger in human subjects as a marker of plastic changes. After 2 hr of coactivation we found a significant improvement in discrimination performance that was reversible within 8 hr. Reduction of the duration of the coactivation protocol revealed that 30 min was not sufficient to drive plastic changes. Repeated application of coactivation over 3 consecutive days resulted in a delayed recovery indicating stabilization of the improvement over time. Perceptual changes were highly selective because no transfer of improved performance to fingers that were not stimulated was found. The results demonstrate the potential role of sensory input statistics (i.e., their probability of occurrence and spatiotemporal relationships) in the induction of cortical plasticity without involving cognitive factors such as attention or reinforcement.
Inhibition of farnesyl-protein-transferase in neuroblastoma cells by alpha-hydroxyfarnesylphosphonate.
2000-02-15

Oncogenic Ras is responsible for malignant transformation in a variety of tumors. Farnesylation of Ras by farnesyl-protein-transferase (FPTase) is necessary for membrane localization of Ras-proteins, a prerequisite for its biological activity. Although mutations in ras genes are rare in neuroblastoma inactivation of Ras by inhibition of the FPTase is of interest in neuroblastoma. In this tumor, amplification of N-myc is frequently observed and expression of N-myc is induced via Ras signaling. Farnesyl-protein-transferase of neuroblastoma cells is inhibited by alpha-hydroxyfarnesylphosphonate. In homogenates of the cell line SK-N-AS an ID50 = 6.5 microM is estimated, in SK-N-SH the ID50 is 3.4 microM. The consequences of the inhibition of FPTase on the membrane localization was examined by immunoblots. Western blots of membrane proteins analysed with H-ras and N-ras specific antibodies revealed that H-ras protein is more sensitive to the inhibition of FPTase than N-ras protein. After culturing neuroblastoma cells for 24 hrs in the presence of 20 microM alpha-hydroxyfarnesylphosphonate H-ras protein completely dissappeared from the membrane fraction whereas N-ras protein was only affected by 50%. K-ras was not detectable on Western blots of three neuroblastoma cell lines. The experiments showed that FPTase inhibitors are effective in neuroblastoma cells but for complete inactivation of N-ras stronger conditions are required than for H-ras.
Electromagnetic properties of decuplet hyperons in a chiral quark model with exchange currents
2000-02-17

We calculate static electromagnetic properties of the decuplet hyperons in the chiral constituent quark model including electromagnetic exchange currents between quarks. We study the effect of exchange currents on charge and magnetic radii, magnetic and quadrupole moments and radiative decay observables. SUF (3) flavour symmetry breaking due to the mass difference between strange and nonstrange quarks is included. Exchange currents dominate in observables (e.g. quadrupole moments), where one-body currents are suppressed, due to selection rules. The quadrupole moment of the ̄ is mainly sensitive to gluon degrees of freedom; its measurement could be used to determine the strength of the effective gluon exchange interaction between light quarks. We compare our results with the sparse experimental data and with predictions from other models.
Dilepton spectra from decays of light unflavored mesons
2000-02-18

The invariant mass spectrum of the e + e − and μ + μ − pairs from decays of light unflavored mesons with masses below the φ(1020)-meson mass to final states containing along with a dilepton pair one photon, one meson, and two mesons are calculated within the framework of the effective meson theory. The results can be used for simulations of the dilepton spectra in heavy-ion collisions and for experimental searches of dilepton meson decays. 1 I.
ChemInform Abstract: Tyrosyl—tRNA Synthetase: A Housekeeping Protein and an Attractive Harbinger of Cellular Death
2000-02-29

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Use of the oral glucose tolerance test to assess insulin release and insulin sensitivity.
2000-03-01

OBJECTIVE: The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has often been used to evaluate apparent insulin release and insulin resistance in various clinical settings. However, because insulin sensitivity and insulin release are interdependent, to what extent they can be predicted from an OGTT is unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied insulin sensitivity using the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and insulin release using the hyperglycemic clamp in 104 nondiabetic volunteers who had also undergone an OGTT. Demographic parameters (BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, age) and plasma glucose and insulin values from the OGTT were subjected to multiple linear regression to predict the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of glucose, the insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and first-phase (1st PH) and second-phase (2nd PH) insulin release as measured with the respective clamps. RESULTS: The equations predicting MCR and ISI contained BMI, insulin (120 min), and glucose (90 min) and were highly correlated with the measured MCR (r = 0.80, P &amp;lt; 0.00005) and ISI (r = 0.79, P &amp;lt; 0.00005). The equations predicting 1st PH and 2nd PH contained insulin (0 and 30 min) and glucose (30 min) and were also highly correlated with the measured 1st PH (r = 0.78, P &amp;lt; 0.00005) and 2nd PH (r = 0.79, P &amp;lt; 0.00005). The parameters predicted by our equations correlated better with the measured parameters than homeostasis model assessment for secretion and resistance, the delta30-min insulin/delta30-min glucose ratio for secretion and insulin (120 min) for insulin resistance taken from the OGTT. CONCLUSIONS: We thus conclude that predicting insulin sensitivity and insulin release with reasonable accuracy from simple demographic parameters and values obtained during an OGTT is possible. The derived equations should be used in various clinical settings in which the use of clamps or the minimal model would be impractical.