julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Social Integration and Workplace Industrial Relations
2013-09-24

This paper tackles the question of how social integration of migrant and native employees takes place in German industry and what role workplace industrial relations play in it. Three company case studies in manufacturing based on expert interviews with management representatives and works councillors, interviews and group discussions with employees of different origin, employee surveys, as well as company statistics, were used to explore this issue. The paper analyzes the social structure of the investigated companies, examines the interaction of employees of different origin and the role workplace industrial relations play in fostering cooperation and social integration. The case studies show that migrants are more likely to be positioned in the lower ranks of the companies’ social structure. Findings suggest, however, that this is primarily a consequence of the migrants having insufficient vocational training, which is probably the result of discrimination outside and at the threshold of the companies rather than a sign of direct discrimination within the companies. Nevertheless, the interviews and surveys show that there is employee resentment against people of different origin. There is a coexistence of resentment on the one hand and good cooperation on the other. Work requirements and the works councils’ and managements’ “internal universalism” (i.e. an orientation towards equal treatment of employees and the interdiction of discrimination within the companies) foster collegial cooperation among employees. German co-determination favours an employee model of interest representation which encourages individuals to choose a work-related identity and labour solidarity to assert their interests rather than identities related to ethnic groups. It is argued that this framework and the daily interaction of the employees eventually evoke feelings of collegiality and foster social integration.
Role of Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography for Characterization and Monitoring of Extramedullary Myeloma
2013-09-24

Objective To measure blood perfusion in extramedullary myeloma by contrast‐enhanced sonography, correlate it with specific hematologic parameters, and determine their utility for local and systemic response monitoring. Methods Twenty‐five consecutive patients (14 male and 11 female; median age, 68 years) with extramedullary myeloma were included. After intravenous administration of 2.4 mL of sulfur hexafluoride, extramedullary myeloma masses were examined for 60 seconds. All patients underwent contrast‐enhanced sonography at baseline, and 15 were monitored additionally (3 weeks during therapy). Average peak perfusion, regional blood flow (RBF), and regional blood volume (RBV) were calculated. Baseline perfusion parameters were compared with short‐term follow‐up sonographic data and serologic biomarkers (M gradient). For validation of extramedullary myeloma and systemic myeloma, patients underwent midterm (&lt;3 months) imaging and serologic diagnosis. Results Patients with baseline β 2 ‐microglobulin (B2M) greater than 3.5 mg/L (n = 17) showed higher perfusion parameters compared with baseline B2M less than 3.5 mg/L (n = 8). At short‐term follow‐up, patients were classified by serologic criteria as responders (n = 9) and nonresponders (n = 6) and by sonographic criteria as responders (n = 10) and nonresponders (n = 5). In sonographic responders, mean peak, RBV, and RBF dropped from 59.13, 1446.09, and 71.52 (artificial units) at baseline to 29.30, 364.19, and 34.64 at follow‐up ( P &lt; .05), whereas in nonresponders, perfusion parameters increased from 33.18, 789.82, and 36.92 at baseline to 51.14, 1491.06, and 65.34 at follow‐up ( P &gt; .05). Prediction of a midterm course of systemic myeloma using serologic data yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.66, 0.77, 0.66, and 0.77, whereas sonographic results (judged by RBV) yielded values of 0.66, 0.55, 0.5, and 0.71. Separate prediction of a local (extramedullary myeloma) response by sonography yielded sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 0.8, 1.0, 1.0, and 0.71. Conclusions Contrast‐enhanced sonography is a valuable tool for short‐term monitoring of the treatment response in extramedullary myeloma.
Role models in sports – Can success in professional sports increase the demand for amateur sport participation?
2013-09-25

•We develop a theoretical framework of sporting role models.•Ordered response regression models were applied to analyze whether professional sports success could motivate sport participation.•The results of a primary survey show that a motivational effect of professional sports on sport participation exists.•Increasing age and experience will decrease the motivational effect of professional sports.•A higher relevance of professional sports will increase the motivational effect of professional sports.The determinants of the demand for sport participation have been extensively analyzed. This study intends to complement these determinants by examining the question of whether the success of professional athletes can spill over on the demand for amateur sport participation. A theoretical framework of sporting role models was developed and subsequently tested with a stated preference approach and primary data of N = 1413 amateur soccer players from Germany. The results show that past success of both the female and the male German national soccer teams had increased the demand for amateur soccer only slightly. However, present (hypothetical) success of the national teams considerably increases the demand for the frequency of soccer participation of already active players. The estimation of ordered logit regression models validates the constructed framework. Availability and relevance of the role models as well as similarity to the role models are the main predictors of their motivational effect.
Radiation hydrodynamics integrated in the PLUTO code
2013-09-25

\\n Aims. The transport of energy through radiation is very important in\\n many astrophysical phenomena. In dynamical problems the time-dependent equations of\\n radiation hydrodynamics have to be solved. We present a newly developed\\n radiation-hydrodynamics module specifically designed for the versatile magnetohydrodynamic\\n (MHD) code PLUTO.\\n Methods. The solver is based on the flux-limited diffusion approximation\\n in the two-temperature approach. All equations are solved in the co-moving frame in the\\n frequency-independent (gray) approximation. The hydrodynamics is solved by the different\\n Godunov schemes implemented in PLUTO, and for the radiation transport we use a fully\\n implicit scheme. The resulting system of linear equations is solved either using the\\n successive over-relaxation (SOR) method (for testing purposes) or using matrix solvers\\n that are available in the PETSc library. We state in detail the methodology and describe\\n several test cases to verify the correctness of our implementation. The solver works in\\n standard coordinate systems, such as Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical, and also for\\n non-equidistant grids. \\n Results. We present a new radiation-hydrodynamics solver coupled to the\\n MHD-code PLUTO that is a modern, versatile, and efficient new module for treating complex\\n radiation hydrodynamical problems in astrophysics. As test cases, either purely radiative\\n situations, or full radiation-hydrodynamical setups (including radiative shocks and\\n convection in accretion disks) were successfully studied. The new module scales very well\\n on parallel computers using MPI. For problems in star or planet formation, we added the\\n possibility of irradiation by a central source. \\n
The constrained-monad problem
2013-09-25

In Haskell, there are many data types that would form monads were it not for the presence of type-class constraints on the operations on that data type. This is a frustrating problem in practice, because there is a considerable amount of support and infrastructure for monads that these data types cannot use. Using several examples, we show that a monadic computation can be restructured into a normal form such that the standard monad class can be used. The technique is not specific to monads, and we show how it can also be applied to other structures, such as applicative functors. One significant use case for this technique is domain-specific languages, where it is often desirable to compile a deep embedding of a computation to some other language, which requires restricting the types that can appear in that computation.
Linking N2O emissions from biochar-amended soil to the structure and function of the N-cycling microbial community
2013-09-26

Abstract Nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes 8% to global greenhouse gas emissions. Agricultural sources represent about 60% of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Most agricultural N2O emissions are due to increased fertilizer application. A considerable fraction of nitrogen fertilizers are converted to N2O by microbiological processes (that is, nitrification and denitrification). Soil amended with biochar (charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass) has been demonstrated to increase crop yield, improve soil quality and affect greenhouse gas emissions, for example, reduce N2O emissions. Despite several studies on variations in the general microbial community structure due to soil biochar amendment, hitherto the specific role of the nitrogen cycling microbial community in mitigating soil N2O emissions has not been subject of systematic investigation. We performed a microcosm study with a water-saturated soil amended with different amounts (0%, 2% and 10% (w/w)) of high-temperature biochar. By quantifying the abundance and activity of functional marker genes of microbial nitrogen fixation (nifH), nitrification (amoA) and denitrification (nirK, nirS and nosZ) using quantitative PCR we found that biochar addition enhanced microbial nitrous oxide reduction and increased the abundance of microorganisms capable of N2-fixation. Soil biochar amendment increased the relative gene and transcript copy numbers of the nosZ-encoded bacterial N2O reductase, suggesting a mechanistic link to the observed reduction in N2O emissions. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of biochar on the nitrogen cycling microbial community and the consequences of soil biochar amendment for microbial nitrogen transformation processes and N2O emissions from soil.
Rethinking Trait Conceptions of Social Desirability Scales
2013-09-26

Numerous researchers have noted that, instead of response sets or styles, most social desirability scales seem to measure personality traits instead. In two studies, we investigated the substantive interpretation of the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding in terms of the HEXACO model of personality. Because of its focus on honesty and integrity, the Impression Management (IM) scale was hypothesized to be mainly related to HEXACO Honesty-Humility. In the main study among 1,106 students and well-acquainted others (friends, family, or partners), positive self–other agreement correlations were found for both IM ( r = .45) and Self-Deceptive Enhancement (SDE; r = .34), supporting a trait conception of IM and SDE. In both self- and other ratings, the most important predictors of SDE were (low) Emotionality, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness. IM was associated with Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, but Honesty-Humility was by far its most important predictor. In a subsample ( n = 465), Honesty-Humility and IM were unrelated to GPA.
Generalized universality of definite rank gluon transverse momentum dependent correlators
2013-09-26

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton correlators describing the partonic structure of hadrons contain gauge links, required by color gauge invariance. The required gauge links enter in the matrix elements that contain the parton fields and depend on the color flow in the hard process. The correlators are expanded in terms of transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions, referred to as TMD PDFs, or in short TMDs. In this paper, we introduce gluon TMDs of definite rank, by making an expansion of the TMD gluon correlator with the help of irreducible tensors built from the transverse momenta. The process dependence is isolated in gauge-link-dependent gluonic pole factors multiplying the TMDs. It is important to account for the different possibilities in the color structure within the matrix elements, leading to multiple TMDs at a given rank. In this way we are able to write the leading tree-level result for a hard process in terms of process-dependent gluon correlators which are expressed in a finite set of universal TMDs. We tabulate the gluonic pole factors for various gauge links, among them those that are relevant for 2 -&gt; 2 processes.
A New Class of Quorum Quenching Molecules from Staphylococcus Species Affects Communication and Growth of Gram-Negative Bacteria
2013-09-26

The knowledge that many pathogens rely on cell-to-cell communication mechanisms known as quorum sensing, opens a new disease control strategy: quorum quenching. Here we report on one of the rare examples where Gram-positive bacteria, the 'Staphylococcus intermedius group' of zoonotic pathogens, excrete two compounds in millimolar concentrations that suppress the quorum sensing signaling and inhibit the growth of a broad spectrum of Gram-negative beta- and gamma-proteobacteria. These compounds were isolated from Staphylococcus delphini. They represent a new class of quorum quenchers with the chemical formula N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-urea and N-(2-phenethyl)-urea, which we named yayurea A and B, respectively. In vitro studies with the N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) responding receptor LuxN of V. harveyi indicated that both compounds caused opposite effects on phosphorylation to those caused by AHL. This explains the quorum quenching activity. Staphylococcal strains producing yayurea A and B clearly benefit from an increased competitiveness in a mixed community.
The Effect of Emotional Content on Brain Activation and the Late Positive Potential in a Word n-back Task
2013-09-26

Summarized, this study shows the influence of valence on a verbal working memory task. When a word contained a negative valence, the emotional content seemed to take precedence in contrast to words containing a positive valence. Working memory and emotion processing sites seemed to overlap and compete for resources even when words are carriers of the emotional content.
Apoptosis Induction Influences Reovirus Replication and Virulence in Newborn Mice
2013-09-26

ABSTRACT Apoptosis is a type of controlled cell death that is essential for development and tissue homeostasis. It also serves as a robust host response against infection by many viruses. The capacity of neurotropic viruses to induce apoptosis strongly correlates with virulence. However, the precise function of apoptosis in viral infection is not well understood. Reovirus is a neurotropic virus that induces apoptosis in a variety of cell types, including central nervous system neurons, leading to fatal encephalitis in newborn mice. To determine the effect of apoptosis on reovirus replication in the host, we generated two otherwise isogenic viruses that differ in a single amino acid in viral capsid protein μ1 that segregates with apoptotic capacity. Apoptosis-proficient and apoptosis-deficient viruses were compared for replication, dissemination, tropism, and tissue injury in newborn mice and for the capacity to spread to uninfected littermates. Our results indicate that apoptotic capacity enhances reovirus replication in the brain and consequent neurovirulence but reduces transmission efficiency. The replication advantage of the apoptosis-proficient strain is limited to the brain and correlates with enhanced infectivity of neurons. These studies reveal a new cell type-specific determinant of reovirus virulence.
Status of the technologies for the production of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) mirrors
2013-09-26

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next generation very high-energy gamma-ray observatory, with at least 10 times higher sensitivity than current instruments. CTA will comprise several tens of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) operated in array-mode and divided into three size classes: large, medium and small telescopes. The total reflective surface could be up to 10,000 m2 requiring unprecedented technological efforts. The properties of the reflector directly influence the telescope performance and thus constitute a fundamental ingredient to improve and maintain the sensitivity. The R&amp;D status of lightweight, reliable and cost-effective mirror facets for the CTA telescope reflectors for the different classes of telescopes is reviewed in this paper.
Spontaneous Peripheral T-cell Responses toward the Tumor-Associated Antigen Cyclin D1 in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
2013-09-26

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous group of kidney cancers with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) as the major subgroup. To expand the number of clinically relevant tumor-associated antigens (TAA) that can be targeted by immunotherapy, we analyzed samples from 23 patients with primary ccRCC for the expression and immunogenicity of various TAAs. We found high-frequency expression of MAGE-A9 and NY-ESO-1 in 36% and 55% of samples, respectively, and overexpression of PRAME, RAGE-1, CA-IX, Cyclin D1, ADFP, C-MET, and RGS-5 in many of the tumor samples. We analyzed the blood of patients with HLA-A2+ ccRCC for the presence of CD8+ T cells specific for TAA-derived HLA-A2–restricted peptides and found spontaneous responses to cyclin D1 in 5 of 6 patients with Cyclin D1–positive tumors. Cyclin D1–specific CD8+ T cells secreted TNF-α, IFN-γ, and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and degranulated, indicating the presence of polyfunctional tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in the blood of these patients with ccRCC. The high frequency (43%) of Cyclin D1 overexpression and the presence of functional cyclin D1–specific T cells in 83% of these patients with ccRCC suggest that cyclin D1 may be a target for immunotherapeutic strategies. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(5); 288–95. ©2013 AACR.
Pregnenolone Sulfate: From Steroid Metabolite to TRP Channel Ligand
2013-09-27

Pregnenolone sulfate is a steroid metabolite with a plethora of actions and functions. As a neurosteroid, pregnenolone sulfate modulates a variety of ion channels, transporters, and enzymes. Interestingly, as a sulfated steroid, pregnenolone sulfate is not the final- or waste-product of pregnenolone being sulfated via a phase II metabolism reaction and renally excreted, as one would presume from the pharmacology textbook knowledge. Pregnenolone sulfate is also the source and thereby the starting point for subsequent steroid synthesis pathways. Most recently, pregnenolone sulfate has been functionally “upgraded” from modulator of ion channels to an activating ion channel ligand. This review will focus on molecular aspects of the neurosteroid, pregnenolone sulfate, its metabolism, concentrations in serum and tissues and last not least will summarize the functional data.
Strategic Modelling: “Building a New Socialist Countryside” in Three Chinese Counties
2013-09-27

Abstract Models, pilots and experiments are considered distinctive features of the Chinese policy process. However, empirical studies on local modelling practices are rare. This article analyses the ways in which three rural counties in three different provinces engage in strategies of modelling and piloting to implement the central government's “Building a New Socialist Countryside” ( shehuizhuyi xinnongcun jianshe ) programme. It explains how county and township governments apply these strategies and to what effect. It also highlights the scope and limitations of local models and pilots as useful mechanisms for spurring national development. The authors plead for a fresh look at local modelling practices, arguing that these can tell us much about the realities of governance in rural China today.
Impact of minocycline on neurodegenerative diseases in rodents: a meta-analysis
2013-09-27

Abstract Minocycline is a semisynthetic second-generation tetracycline derivative, and many publications provide evidence of its successful neuroprotection in a variety of animal models. We searched PubMed and Chinese CNKI databases from January 1992 to May 2012 for studies on minocycline in neurodegenerative diseases in rodents. A meta-analysis that adopted weighted Cohen’s d effect sizes, percent overlap, Fail-Safe N statistics, and confidence intervals was conducted. In total, 16 English and 3 Chinese articles with high or medium quality were included in this meta-analysis. The treatment benefits for rodents from low-dose (5 mg/kg/day), moderate-dose (45, 50, or 55 mg/kg/day), and high-dose (90 mg/kg/day) minocycline were larger in Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke mouse models, respectively. In rats, a moderate dose (45 mg/kg/day) of minocycline was most effective. In conclusion, minocycline exerts neuroprotective effects in rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases. Anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant activities are discussed as the basis of this effect. However, there is insufficient information from these animal models on side effects of minocycline therapy.
Cytotoxic Properties of Sunitinib and Sorafenib on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells
2013-09-27

These in vitro experimental findings support the safety of Sunitinib and Sorafenib on HCEC when used at a concentration of <3.3 μg/mL and <1.0 μg/mL, respectively, after 24 hours of exposure. The in vitro cytotoxicity of Sorafenib on HCEC was higher than Sunitinib.
On the Release of Players to National Teams
2013-09-27

The release of players from a club to the national team often leads to a conflict concerning the duration of the players’ stay with the national team. Based on a theoretical bargaining model, we examine whether intervention in this conflict by a governing body is desirable. We show that bargaining between the club and the national federation yields a socially inefficient outcome if financial compensation is either prohibited or limited. If, however, the national federation is allowed to pay unlimited financial compensation to the club, it is not necessary to intervene in the negotiations because the bargaining outcome will be socially optimal.
Invasion patterns in brain metastases of solid cancers
2013-09-30

Distinct invasion patterns of brain metastases into the brain parenchyma are not specific for primary tumor types, seem to be influenced by expression of αv integrin complexes, and may help to guide clinical decision-making.
ROLLING BALL IN BREATHING PLANE-TREE ALLEY PARADIGM
2013-09-30

Sinai’s famous geometric explanation of equilibrium thermodynamics is extended towards non-equilibrium thermodynamics and cryodynamics. Specifically, “breathing smooth Sinai trees” are introduced. And so are “breathing Sinai funnels.” The example demonstrates that deterministic chaos lies at the root of two fundamental physical disciplines: statistical thermodynamics and statistical cryodynamics. Quantum mechanics, computer simulation, energy technology and cosmology profit from the new consistency.