julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Best Practice Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Children With Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS; Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, MIS-C) in Switzerland
2021-05-26

Background: Following the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic a new disease entity emerged, defined as Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS), or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). In the absence of trials, evidence for treatment remains scarce. Purpose: To develop best practice recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of children with PIMS-TS in Switzerland. It is acknowledged that the field is changing rapidly, and regular revisions in the coming months are pre-planned as evidence is increasing. Methods: Consensus guidelines for best practice were established by a multidisciplinary group of Swiss pediatric clinicians with expertise in intensive care, immunology/rheumatology, infectious diseases, hematology, and cardiology. Subsequent to literature review, four working groups established draft recommendations which were subsequently adapted in a modified Delphi process. Recommendations had to reach &amp;gt;80% agreement for acceptance. Results: The group achieved agreement on 26 recommendations, which specify diagnostic approaches and interventions across anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious, and support therapies, and follow-up for children with suspected PIMS-TS. A management algorithm was derived to guide treatment depending on the phenotype of presentation, categorized into PIMS-TS with (a) shock, (b) Kawasaki-disease like, and (c) undifferentiated inflammatory presentation. Conclusion: Available literature on PIMS-TS is limited to retrospective or prospective observational studies. Informed by these cohort studies and indirect evidence from other inflammatory conditions in children and adults, as well as guidelines from international health authorities, the Swiss PIMS-TS recommendations represent best practice guidelines based on currently available knowledge to standardize treatment of children with suspected PIMS-TS. Given the absence of high-grade evidence, regular updates of the recommendations will be warranted, and participation of patients in trials should be encouraged.
Intracranial pressure waveform characteristics in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis
2021-05-26

Abstract Background Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis (LIAS) are two forms of chronic adult hydrocephalus of different aetiology. We analysed overnight intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring to elucidate ICP waveform changes characteristic for iNPH and LIAS to better understand pathophysiological processes of both diseases. Methods 98 patients with iNPH and 14 patients with LIAS from two neurosurgical centres were included. All patients underwent diagnostic overnight computerised ICP monitoring with calculation of mean ICP, ICP heartbeat related pulse wave amplitude calculated in the frequency domain (AMP) and the time domain (MWA), index of cerebrospinal compensatory reserve (RAP) and power of slow vasogenic waves (SLOW). Results ICP was higher in LIAS than iNPH patients (9.3 ± 3.0 mmHg versus 5.4 ± 4.2 mmHg, p = 0.001). AMP and MWA were higher in iNPH versus LIAS (2.36 ± 0.91 mmHg versus 1.81 ± 0.59 mmHg for AMP, p = 0.012; 6.0 ± 2.0 mmHg versus 4.9 ± 1.2 mmHg for MWA, p = 0.049). RAP and SLOW indicated impaired reserve capacity and compliance in both diseases, but did not differ between groups. INPH patients were older than LIAS patients (77 ± 6 years versus 54 ± 14 years, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions ICP is higher in LIAS than in iNPH patients, likely due to the chronically obstructed CSF flow through the aqueduct, but still in a range considered normal. Interestingly, AMP/MWA was higher in iNPH patients, suggesting a possible role of high ICP pulse pressure amplitudes in iNPH pathophysiology. Cerebrospinal reserve capacity and intracranial compliance is impaired in both groups and the pressure-volume relationship might be shifted towards lower ICP values in iNPH. The physiological influence of age on ICP and AMP/MWA requires further research.
Disentangling the correlated evolution of body size, life history, and ontogeny in miniaturized chelydroid turtles
2021-05-26

Abstract Organismal miniaturization is defined by a reduction in body size relative to a large ancestor. In vertebrate animals, miniaturization is achieved by suppressing the energetics of growth. However, this might interfere with reproductive strategies in egg‐laying species with limited energy budgets for embryo growth and differentiation. In general, the extent to which miniaturization coincides with alterations in animal development remains obscure. To address the interplay among body size, life history, and ontogeny, miniaturization in chelydroid turtles was examined. The analyses corroborated that miniaturization in the Chelydroidea clade is underlain by a dampening of the ancestral growth trajectory. There were no associated shifts in the early sequence of developmental transformations, though the relative duration of organogenesis was shortened in miniaturized embryos. The size of eggs, hatchlings, and adults was positively correlated within Chelydroidea. A phylogenetically broader exploration revealed an alternative miniaturization mode wherein exceptionally large hatchlings grow minimally and thus attain diminutive adult sizes. Lastly, it is shown that miniaturized Chelydroidea turtles undergo accelerated ossification coupled with a ~10% reduction in shell bones. As in other vertebrates, the effects of miniaturization were not systemic, possibly owing to opposing functional demands and tissue geometric constraints. This underscores the integrated and hierarchical nature of developmental systems.
Prevalence of pathological FFRCT values without coronary artery stenosis in an asymptomatic marathon runner cohort
2021-05-26

Abstract Objectives To evaluate computed tomography fractional flow reserve (FFR CT ) values in distal parts of the coronaries in an asymptomatic cohort of marathon runners without any coronary stenosis for potentially false-positive values. Methods Ninety-eight asymptomatic male marathon runners (age 53 ± 7 years) were enrolled in a prospective monocentric study and underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). CCTA data were analyzed for visual coronary artery stenosis. FFR CT was evaluated in 59 participants without coronary artery stenosis in proximal, mid, and distal coronary sections using an on-site software prototype. Results In participants without coronary artery stenosis, abnormal FFR CT values ≤ 0.8 in distal segments were found in 22 participants (37%); in 19 participants in the LAD; in 5 participants in the LCX; and in 4 participants in the RCA. Vessel diameters in participants with FFR CT values &gt; 0.80 compared to ≤ 0.80 were 1.6 ± 0.3 mm versus 1.5 ± 0.3 mm for distal LAD ( p = 0.025), 1.8 ± 0.3 mm versus 1.6 ± 0.5 mm for distal LCX ( p = 0.183), and 2.0 ± 0.4 mm versus 1.5 ± 0.2 mm for distal RCA ( p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Abnormal FFR CT values of ≤ 0.8 frequently occurred in distal coronary segments in subjects without any anatomical coronary artery stenosis. This effect is only to some degree explainable by small distal vessel diameters. Therefore, the validity of hemodynamic relevance evaluation using FFR CT in distal coronary artery segment stenosis is reduced. Key Points • Abnormal FFR CT values (≤ 0.8) occurred in over a third of the subjects in the distal LAD despite the absence of coronary artery stenosis.. • Therefore, the validity of hemodynamic relevance evaluation in distal coronary artery segment stenosis is reduced. • Decision-making based on abnormal FFR CT values in distal vessel sections should be performed with caution and only in combination with visual assessment of the grade of stenosis..
Patient‐to‐robot registration: The fate of robot‐assisted stereotaxy
2021-05-26

Abstract Background Robot‐assisted stereotaxy (RAS) promises higher stereotactic accuracy (SA) and time efficiency (TE) than frame‐based stereotaxy. However, both aspects are attributed to the problem of patient‐to‐robot registration. Objective To examine different registration techniques regarding their SA and TE. Methods This study enrolled 57 patients undergoing RAS with bone fiducial registration (BFR) or laser surface registration (LSR). SA was measured by the entry point error (EPE). Additionally, predictors of SA (registration error [RegE], distance‐to‐registration plane [DTC]) and TE (imaging, skin‐to‐skin) were assessed. Results The mean SA was 1.0 ± 0.8 mm. BFR increased SA by reducing RegE and DTC. In LSR, EPE depended on DTC (face and forehead) with highest accuracy for DTC ≤100 mm. CT‐based LSR exerted a higher SA than MR‐based LSR. In BFR, TE was confined by the additional imaging. Conclusion Every registration technique counteracts one of the promises of RAS. New solutions are needed to increase the acceptance of RAS in neurosurgery.
Carbon ion radiotherapy eradicates medulloblastomas with chromothripsis in an orthotopic Li-Fraumeni patient-derived mouse model
2021-05-26

Abstract Background Medulloblastomas with chromothripsis developing in children with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (germline TP53 mutations) are highly aggressive brain tumors with dismal prognosis. Conventional photon radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapy are not successful for these patients and raise the risk of secondary malignancies. We hypothesized that the pronounced homologous recombination deficiency in these tumors might offer vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically utilized in combination with high linear energy transfer carbon ion radiotherapy. Methods We tested high-precision particle therapy with carbon ions and protons as well as topotecan with or without PARP inhibitor in orthotopic primary and matched relapsed patient-derived xenograft models. Tumor and normal tissue underwent longitudinal morphological MRI, cellular (markers of neurogenesis and DNA damage-repair), and molecular characterization (whole-genome sequencing). Results In the primary medulloblastoma model, carbon ions led to complete response in 79% of animals irrespective of PARP inhibitor within a follow-up period of 300 days postirradiation, as detected by MRI and histology. No sign of neurologic symptoms, impairment of neurogenesis or in-field carcinogenesis was detected in repair-deficient host mice. PARP inhibitors further enhanced the effect of proton irradiation. In the postradiotherapy relapsed tumor model, median survival was significantly increased after carbon ions (96 days) versus control (43 days, P &amp;lt; .0001). No major change in the clonal composition was detected in the relapsed model. Conclusion The high efficacy and favorable toxicity profile of carbon ions warrants further investigation in primary medulloblastomas with chromothripsis. Postradiotherapy relapsed medulloblastomas exhibit relative resistance compared to treatment-naïve tumors, calling for exploration of multimodal strategies.
Glioma-Specific Diffusion Signature in Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging
2021-05-26

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the relationship between mean kurtosis (MK) and mean diffusivity (MD) values from whole-brain diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) parametric maps in preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images from 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System integrated glioma groups. Methods: Seventy-seven patients with histopathologically confirmed treatment-naïve glioma were retrospectively assessed between 1 August 2013 and 30 October 2017. The area on scatter plots with a specific combination of MK and MD values, not occurring in the healthy brain, was labeled, and the corresponding voxels were visualized on the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. Reversely, the labeled voxels were compared to those of the manually segmented tumor volume, and the Dice similarity coefficient was used to investigate their spatial overlap. Results: A specific combination of MK and MD values in whole-brain DKI maps, visualized on a two-dimensional scatter plot, exclusively occurs in glioma tissue including the perifocal infiltrative zone and is absent in tissue of the normal brain or from other intracranial compartments. Conclusions: A unique diffusion signature with a specific combination of MK and MD values from whole-brain DKI can identify diffuse glioma without any previous segmentation. This feature might influence artificial intelligence algorithms for automatic tumor segmentation and provide new aspects of tumor heterogeneity.
Teaching Video NeuroImage: New STUB1 Variant Causes Chorea, Tremor, Dystonia, Myoclonus, Ataxia, Depression, Cognitive Impairment, Epilepsy, and Superficial Siderosis
2021-05-26

We present a family with a wide range of movement disorders carrying a new heterozygous splice variant in STUB1 (NM\\_005861:c.787-2\\_787del), probably causing skipping of exon 7, as relevant differential diagnosis to Huntington disease.1,2 The grandmother and mother (improved with olanzapine) presented with chorea, dystonia (also platysma), head tremor, orofacial dyskinesias (prior to neuroleptics), saccadic eye movements, ataxia with cerebellar atrophy (Figure), depression, cachexia, and cognitive impairment. The grandmother had epilepsy and the mother had superficial siderosis (Figure). The son presented with depression, left-sided myoclonus and ataxia, and tremor resembling essential tremor, which began in childhood, without alcohol sensitivity. STUB1 mutation in this family caused chorea, tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, ataxia, depression, cognitive impairment, epilepsy, and superficial siderosis (Video 1).
You Want This Job? Influence and Interplay of Self-Generated Text and Picture Cues in Professional Networking Service Profiles on Expertise Evaluation
2021-05-26

Job applicants’ self-presentation in their profiles on professional networking services (PNS), such as LinkedIn, may be crucial for the evaluation of their expertise for a job. Importantly, on PNS profiles, self-generated picture-based and text-based cues are shown together, and both may influence expertise evaluations. In three experiments, we systematically analyzed impression formation in the context of PNS profiles by investigating the influence of self-generated textual and pictorial cues on job applicants’ expertise evaluations. Student participants were presented with different PNS profiles that were systematically varied by the level of expertise (high vs. medium vs. low) conveyed through text (i.e., a description of experience and education) and pictures (i.e., a photo of the profile owner vs. a placeholder). Our results revealed a textual primacy in expertise evaluations of PNS profiles, as text expertise was crucial, independent of picture expertise. However, picture expertise was particularly important in cases of high text expertise. Placeholders always resulted in more negative judgments than high-expertise pictures and sometimes even had the same effect as low-expertise pictures. Finally, we discuss implications for theory building on impression formation and practical consequences for self-presentation in PNS.
Natural environment statistics in the upper and lower visual field are reflected in mouse retinal specializations
2021-05-26

Dataset for Qiu et al., 2020. The raw data of mouse footage are in the zip folder "mouse_footage" and other data are for analysis. See here for more details. This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through Collaborative Research Centre CRC 1233 (project number 276693517; sub project 10); the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant (agreement No 674901); and the Max Planck Society (M.FE.A.KYBE0004); the German Ministry of Research and Education (01GQ1002). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
The Efficacy of Physical Activity for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
2021-05-27

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the efficacy of regular, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: RCTs including children and adolescents with clinically diagnosed ADHD, implementing regular MVPA, and assessing ADHD core-symptoms on a valid rating scale post-intervention (primary outcome) were included. Outcomes were pooled through random-effects meta-analysis. Prospero registration: CRD42019142166. Results: MVPA had a small effect on total ADHD core symptoms ( n = 11; g = −0.33; 95% CI [−0.63; −0.02]; p = .037). Conclusions: MVPA could serve as an alternative treatment for ADHD. New RCTs are necessary to increase the understanding of the effect regarding frequency, intensity, type of MVPA interventions, and differential effects on age groups.
Testing General Relativity with NuSTAR Data of Galactic Black Holes
2021-05-27

Abstract Einstein’s theory of General Relativity predicts that the spacetime metric around astrophysical black holes is described by the Kerr solution. In this work, we employ state-of-the-art relativistic reflection modeling to analyze a selected set of NuSTAR spectra of Galactic black holes to obtain the most robust and precise constraints on the Kerr black hole hypothesis possible today. Our constraints are much more stringent than those from other electromagnetic techniques and, with some sources, we find stronger constraints than those currently available from gravitational waves.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis amongst healthcare workers in Moyen-Ogooué Province, Gabon
2021-05-27

Abstract Background In countries with a high tuberculosis incidence such as Gabon, healthcare workers are at enhanced risk to become infected with tuberculosis due to their occupational exposure. In addition, transmission can occur between patients and visitors, if a tuberculosis infection is not suspected in time. Knowledge about tuberculosis and correct infection control measures are therefore highly relevant in healthcare settings. Methods We conducted an interviewer-administered knowledge, attitude and practice survey amongst healthcare workers in 20 healthcare facilities at all levels in the Moyen-Ogooué province, Gabon. Correctly answered knowledge questions were scored and then categorised into four knowledge levels. Additionally, factors associated with high knowledge levels were identified. Fisher’s Exact test was used to identify factors associated with high knowledge levels. Results A total of 103 questionnaires were completed by various healthcare personnel. The most-frequently scored category was ‘intermediate knowledge’, which was scored by 40.8% (42/103), followed by ‘good knowledge’ with 28.2% (29/103) and ‘poor knowledge’ with 21.4% (22/103) of participating healthcare workers, respectively. ‘Excellent knowledge’ was achieved by 9.7% (10/103) of the interviewees. Apart from the profession, education level, type of employing healthcare facility, as well as former training on tuberculosis were significantly associated with high knowledge scores. Attitudes were generally positive towards tuberculosis infection control efforts. Of note, healthcare workers reported that infection control measures were not consistently practiced; 72.8% (75/103) of the participants were scared of becoming infected with tuberculosis, and 98.1% saw a need for improvement of local tuberculosis control. Conclusions The survey results lead to the assumption that healthcare workers in the Moyen-Ogooué province are at high risk to become infected with tuberculosis. There is an urgent need for improvement of tuberculosis infection control training for local healthcare personnel, particularly for less trained staff such as assistant nurses. Furthermore, the lack of adequate infection control measures reported by staff could possibly be correlated with a lack of adequate facility structures and protective equipment and requires further investigation.
Restricted Oxygen‐Deficient Basins on the Northern European Epicontinental Shelf Across the Toarcian Carbon Isotope Excursion Interval
2021-05-27

Abstract The worldwide recognition of the Toarcian carbon isotope excursion (T‐CIE) in organic‐rich sedimentary rocks has been linked to an oceanic anoxic event (OAE) which implies the world's deep oceans were anoxic ∼183 Ma. The majority of independent redox observations used to build this argument were mainly obtained from T‐CIE organic‐rich sediments deposited on northern European epicontinental shelf. However, increasing evidence has shown that this shelf had limited connection with the open ocean, making it unsuitable for reconstructing the T‐CIE ocean redox structure. To unveil such controversy, we present integrated δ 15 N bulk and δ 15 N ker from Dotternhausen profile, Germany, combined with literature data from other T‐CIE profiles. Both δ 15 N bulk and δ 15 N ker values are predominantly between +0.3 and +2.5‰. These positive near‐zero δ 15 N values imply enhanced N 2 fixation by cyanobacteria using molybdenum (Mo)‐based nitrogenase to compensate bioavailable N loss following quantitative denitrification and/or anammox in a strongly redox‐stratified marine setting. Such N isotope composition contradicts the typical sedimentary δ 15 N values (&gt;3‰) induced by partial water‐column denitrification and/or anammox in modern‐ocean oxygen minimum zones. We rather propose the existence of local oxygen‐deficient basins on northern European epicontinental shelf where dissolved N underwent extensive denitrification and/or anammox causing bioavailable N deficiency. Mo‐based diazotrophy thus played a critical role in discriminating N isotope compositions among multiple hydrographically restricted T‐CIE marginal basins. Restricted oxygen‐depleted environments on the northern European epicontinental shelf unlikely represent the open‐ocean redox landscape. The existence of the global OAE thus needs comprehensive redox investigations on Tethys and/or Panthalassa deep‐sea T‐CIE successions to validate.