julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Random translation-invariant Hamiltonians and their spectral gaps
2022-09-01

We consider random translation-invariant frustration-free quantum spin Hamiltonians on <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>D</mml:mi></mml:msup></mml:math> in which the nearest-neighbor interaction in every direction is randomly sampled and then distributed across the lattice. Our main result is that, under a small rank constraint, the Hamiltonians are automatically frustration-free and they are gapped with a positive probability. This extends previous results on 1D spin chains to all dimensions. The argument additionally controls the local gap. As an application, we obtain a 2D area law for a cut-dependent ground state via recent AGSP methods of Anshu-Arad-Gosset.
Capturing In Situ Glyphosate (De)sorption Kinetics in Floodplain Aquifer Sediment Columns: Geophysical Measurements and Reactive Transport Modeling
2022-09-01

Glyphosate, an ionizable organic herbicide, is frequently detected in soils and groundwater globally despite its strong retention via sorption. Understanding its apparent mobility hinges on our ability to quantify its system-specific sorption behavior, hindered by its affinity to adsorb onto sediments, yielding very low aqueous concentrations. Here, we present findings from a saturated flow-through column experiment in which we monitored glyphosate sorption onto a natural calcareous aquifer sediment, using the noninvasive geophysical method spectral induced polarization (SIP). Our kinetic sorption reactive transport model predicted the strong nonlinear reversible retention of glyphosate and reproduced the spatial profile of retained glyphosate in the sediment, with a measured maximum of 0.06 mg g<sup>-1</sup>. The strong contribution of sorption to pore fluid conduction masked the expected variations in imaginary conductivity, σ′′. However, time constants derived from a Cole-Cole model matched the timing and spatial distribution of model-predicted sorbed concentration changes, increasing from 0.8 × 10<sup>-3</sup> to 1.7 × 10<sup>-3</sup> s with an increase in sorbed glyphosate of 0.1 mg g<sup>-1</sup>. Thus, glyphosate sorption modified the surface charging properties of the sediment proportional to the solid-bound concentrations. Our findings link SIP signal variations to sorption dynamics and provide a framework for improved monitoring of charged organic contaminants in natural sediments.
Parental perception matters: Reciprocal relations between adolescents’ depressive symptoms and parental perceptions.
2022-09-01

A large body of research has shown that parents play a vital role in the development of adolescents' depression. However, previous research has overlooked the effects of a potentially critical factor, namely, parental perceptions, and beliefs about adolescents' depression. The present study examined whether parental perceptions of an adolescent's depressive symptoms predict longitudinal changes in adolescents' symptoms (i.e., the parental perception effect). The longitudinal relationship between adolescents' depressive symptoms and parental perceptions of the adolescents' symptoms was analyzed in three independent groups of parent-adolescent pairs (in total <i>N</i> = 1,228). Parental perception and monitoring effects were found in Studies 1B and 2 only in the depressive mood subscale. While a decreased enjoyment subscale showed a perception effect in Study 1A, we obtained null results from other studies. We synthesized the results by applying meta-analytic structural equation modeling to obtain a more robust estimate. The analysis qualified both perception and monitoring effects in both subscales. Our results suggest that when parents believe that their adolescent child is depressed, adolescents are cognitively biased by their parental perceptions over time, resulting in more severe depressive symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
An additional source of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions from perturbation of nonlinear force by reflection from inhomogeneities
2022-09-01

The basilar membrane in the cochlea can be modeled as an array of fluid coupled segments driven by stapes vibration and by the undamping nonlinear force simulating cochlear amplification. If stimulated with two tones, the model generates additional tones due to nonlinear distortion. These distortion products (DPs) can be transmitted into the ear canal and produce distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) known to be generated in the healthy ear of various vertebrates. This study presents a solution for DPs in a two-dimensional nonlinear cochlear model with cochlear roughness—small irregularities in the impedance along the basilar membrane, which may produce additional DPs due to coherent reflection. The solution allows for decomposition of various sources of DPs in the model. In addition to the already described nonlinear-distortion and coherent-reflection mechanisms of DP generation, this study identifies a long-latency DPOAE component due to perturbation of nonlinear force. DP wavelets that are coherently reflected due to impedance irregularities travel toward the stapes across the primary generation region of DPs and there evoke perturbation of the nonlinear undamping force. The ensuing DP wavelets have opposite phase to the wavelets arising from coherent reflection, which results in partial cancellation of the coherent-reflection DP wavelets.
Seasonal Changes in Boundary-Layer Flow Over a Forested Escarpment Measured by an Uncrewed Aircraft System
2022-09-01

Abstract The uncrewed airborne measurement platform MASC-3 (Multi-Purpose Airborne Sensor Carrier) is used to measure the influence of a forested escarpment with differing leaf area indices ( LAI ) onto the wind field. Data from flight legs between 30 and 200 m above ground with uphill (westerly) wind during summer (July–September) and winter (October–March) seasons between 2018 and 2021 are analyzed. Compared with a low value of LAI , it is found that the mean wind speed acceleration is stronger for a high values of LAI , and the turbulence is enhanced in the lee of the trees in the lowest 20–60 m above ground. During summer with a high LAI , the inclination angle is more clearly defined into an upward motion above the slope and downward motion above the plateau. The results of the airborne dataset fits well into the theoretical and analytical models established in the 1970s and 1980s.
Drastic decline of extensive grassland species in Central Europe since 1950: Forester moths of the genusJordanita(Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) as a type example
2022-09-01

Abstract The decline of biodiversity in general and of insect diversity in particular has been recognized as a major environmental problem in recent years. In this study, we analyze the distribution and the decline of populations of forester moths of the genus Jordanita in Central Europe since 1950 as a type example of the loss of grassland biodiversity, and discuss potential drivers causing this decline. Based on the extensive work in museums and private collections, a literature review and own observations, and including data as far back as 1834, this genus helps to understand the deeper reasons of insect population and biodiversity decline, as the well investigated six Central European species cover a broad range of extensive grassland habitats (fens to low‐production grassland and xerothermic steppes) from low altitudes to high alpine meadows. Therefore, they monitor processes relevant also to other, less investigated grassland species. Although there are differences in research intensity over time and in different natural areas, we show that in the whole of Central Europe, the populations of all six investigated Jordanita species broke down massively in the past decades, both in terms of number of populated habitats (about 400 recorded localities after the year 2000 compared with a total number of about 1600 at all times, cumulated for all six species) and in terms of number of individuals. On the other hand, some natural areas on a regional scale have more or less maintained their Jordanita populations, due to conservative land use and due to the early implementation of conservation and protection management plans. The reasons of decline are manifold and monitored in detail by the different species with their different habitat requirements. They comprise (1) loss of habitats due to land use changes (both intensification and abandonment), (2) loss of habitats due to urbanization and construction work, (3) loss of habitat networks to cope with small‐scale extinction events, (4) more intensive growth of grass at the expense of other plants in otherwise undisturbed habitats due to fertilization through the air (increased nitrogen levels due to human activities) and (5) use of pesticides.
9. Changing beekeeping seasons in Vestland, Norway
2022-09-01

Currently, apiculture is a niche topic in agricultural and food ethics. Yet, ethical issues arise for both beekeeping as a practice and for food production, which relies heavily on pollination services. Weather and climate impact apiculture directly by affecting honeybees and indirectly through their environment, vegetation, and pests. Against this backdrop, how can beekeepers' knowledge be mobilised to transform their seasonal knowledge and practices in the face of risks related to weather and climate? This is the main research question of the BeeWare project, a one-year pilot research collaboration (2022) of scholars coming from the University of Bergen and the Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE). It studies, first, how beekeepers in the Norwegian Vestland region organise their activities over the year according to frameworks of 'normal' seasons, and how these are impacted by weather and climate. Second, it investigates how knowledge of current and future climate can mitigate risk important for beekeeping seasonal frameworks. And third, it co-produces informed practices together with beekeepers to support them in anticipating and adapting to weather and climate related risks. BeeWare aims to initiate reflection on good beekeeping practices in times of climate change, and co-produce socially robust knowledge for food security.
F58 Visual feedback improving tapping performance in the q-motor speeded tapping task
2022-09-01

<h3>Background</h3> Q-Motor Speeded Tapping is a well-established quantitative digital motor assessment able to detect early motor changes in neurodegenerative diseases. In this task patients are instructed to tap a force sensor with their index finger as quickly as possible over a period of 10 seconds. While the task delivers sensitive signals in multiple trials, we aim at exploring whether further standardization is feasible. <h3>Aims</h3> To evaluate the influence of visual feedback on speed, test-retest reliability and data quality. <h3>Methods</h3> 7 healthy control subjects performed 5 consecutive trials of the Q-Motor Speeded Tapping task, first without feedback, and then 5 consecutive trials with feedback on 4 consecutive days, using the dominant hand in order to reduce training effects. Visual feedback was provided in the form of a tachometer on a computer screen showing the tapping frequency over a 5 second time window. <h3>Results</h3> Comparing all trials performed with feedback to all trials without feedback, the trials with feedback had a significant higher tapping frequency. Furthermore, the test-retest reliability has also slightly improved in terms of a day-to-day comparison for tasks performed with feedback. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although in both cases instructed to tap as fast as possible, visual feedback motivated the participants to tap faster and thus might improve the standardization of the Q-Motor Speeded Tapping task. It is yet to be shown if this finding can be replicated in a non-control group of participants.
Treating depression with hypnotherapy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
2022-09-01

INTRODUCTION: Two meta-analyses on the efficacy of hypnosis or hypnotherapy for the treatment of depressive symptoms found moderate effect sizes. However, in most of the primary studies included in these meta-analyses, an established diagnosis of depression was not a mandatory inclusion criterion. To be relevant for treatment guidelines, the current systematic review focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating hypnotherapy in the treatment of patients with a diagnosis of depression.EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The literature search was conducted within PubMed, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Central. Only RCTs that were published in a peer-reviewed journal and had investigated samples with a diagnosis of depression were included. Methodological quality of the RCTs was evaluated with the Cochrane tool for risk-of-bias assessment (RoB 2).EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Out of the four included trials with altogether favorable results for hypnotherapy, only one RCT was assessed as having a low risk of bias. In this RCT, hypnotherapy was non-inferior to cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of a mild to moderate depressive episode.CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, there is some methodologically sound evidence for the efficacy of hypnotherapy in the treatment of depressive disorders, corroborating the positive results found with less methodologically strict trials. Conducting well-designed RCTs and manualizing treatment is feasible in that field. Further RCTs are needed to enable the decision whether hypnotherapy should be recommended in treatment guidelines.
81. The literary classroom conversation as a didactic method for teaching food ethics
2022-09-01

How can literary texts be used in teaching food ethics? How can food ethical topics be addressed in literature classes? As an answer to both questions, our paper introduces the Heidelberg Model of Literary Classroom Conversations (LCC). As a didactic method, it focuses on bringing together learners' lifeworld experiences with the close reading of a text. We describe how we use in LLCs a poem by the German author Silke Scheuermann (*1973) that addresses the fate of the passenger pigeons. More specifically, her poem speaks about the historic passenger pigeon Martha, who has evolved into an icon of species extinction. We discuss how the poem raises food ethical issues, present contributions from learners made after an LCC and show how the learners reflect on food and animal ethical issues. Finally, we discuss the potentials of LCCs for food ethics and literary classes alike. Our paper aims to introduce the food ethics community to a didactical method that has been used primarily in German-language literary didactics, but that has added value to ethics teaching beyond its initial context.
Into the unknown: Empirical UBI trials as social Europe’s risk insurance
2022-09-01

In this article, we conduct a case study of EU-level debates on universal basic income (UBI) trials, as part of which we examine core contributions in the Conference on the Future of Europe, the election manifestos produced by European party groups, as well as European Parliament debates since 2009. The results indicate that parties and politicians are far more hesitant than citizens to demand UBI, while also relying proportionally more on proposing trials rather than policies. Interpreting the results, we develop a conceptual framework designed to better understand how political decisionmakers at the EU level can deal with the uncertainties involved in European social policymaking. We argue that these actors face legal, political, and suitability risks when proposing policies that would integrate the EU’s social dimension. Unlike in national settings, the potential to pursue various strategies of risk reduction is limited at the EU level. However, we argue that empirical trials of social policies are particularly well-suited to insuring politicians at the EU level against risks. This insurance function is based not only on the scope of empirical trials to reduce uncertainties about policy outcomes, but also on the fact that they are inherently non-binding. By simply proposing empirical trials, actors can influence agendas, benefit from public demands, or reduce public pressure without having to take on the risks associated with implementing a fully-fledged policy proposal. We conclude that empirical trials can be understood as buffers against risks that might be used strategically by politicians, and which have the potential to break stalemates in the future development of a “Social Europe”.
Little Rock, Arkansas. Hannah Arendt, Ralph Ellison and Danielle Allen on Education and the Public Sphere
2022-09-01

Three years after the U.S. Supreme Court’s landmark decision Brown v. Board of Education, 15-year-old Elizabeth Eckford tried to enter a school previously reserved for white students in Little Rock, Arkansas. She was confronted by a white mob, spitting on her and shouting racist insults. The photographs taken that day went around the world. They inspired three different ways to think about the relationship between democracy, the public sphere, and education: Hannah Arendt, Ralph Ellison and Danielle Allen interpret the photos in very different ways – and their interpretations reveal much about their understanding of the public sphere. In this contribution, I will explore these three interpretations – and at least hint at their implications for the relationship between the public sphere and education.
Evidential-perceptual transfer by a blind speaker? Or: what do the Ladakhi markers for “visual” and “non-visual” perceptual experience, ḥdug and rag, actually encode?
2022-09-01

Abstract A typical trait of the modern Tibetic languages is that speakers obligatorily encode the knowledge base for their statements: whether they have intimate and/or authoritative knowledge of a situation, whether they have merely perceived a situation, whether they have merely inferred (or presumed etc.) a situation, whether they have second-hand knowledge, or even whether their knowledge is shared with the addressee or the larger community. In most of the Tibetic languages, speakers do not differentiate between different perceptual channels. By contrast, in most of the Ladakhi dialects, speakers appear to differentiate between visual perception, using the auxiliary ḥdug (or snaṅ ), and sense perception through other channels, using the auxiliary rag . This opposition needs to be reanalysed based on the observation of how a congenitally blind speaker deals with these two options and upon certain unexpected choices made by non-handicapped speakers.
20. Debating planetary boundaries
2022-09-01

Human impacts on the Earth system raise serious, often novel ethical concerns. Introduced in 2009, the Planetary Boundaries (PB) framework now figures prominently to link Earth system sciences to global agendas like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Despite academic and political omnipresence, the PB framework has received little ethical attention. The project Earth System Ethics: Unravelling the Planetary Boundaries provides a sustained engagement from various disciplines and perspectives into the normative dimensions of the PB framework and thus aims to lay foundations for an Earth system ethics. Its core research area lies at the intersection where geography and practical philosophy converge on concerns regarding the unequal processes through which humans are altering the Earth and how those impacts are known and governed. The Earth System Ethics project has two aims: First, it facilitates nine dialogues covering each aspect of the PB framework in which diverse scholars debate challenges of science and ethics. Second, it maps ethical implications of the PB framework. After introducing the Earth System Ethics project, this paper discusses how the framework can be used as a boundary object to engage in ethical debate of the Earth system. It elaborates in which ways the project's dialogic approach enables interdisciplinary reflection. So, the paper's contribution to food and agricultural ethics is twofold: it presents an innovative method and in doing so, focusses on a problem area highly relevant for food production.
Issue Information
2022-09-01

Analysis (EPA) is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal addressing European perspectives on the study of public policy.Published on behalf of the Policy Studies Organization, the journal provides a platform for individually submitted articles and special foci of high quality.Both empirical and theoretical contributions are welcomed, but EPA prefers submissions that present new theoretical or methodological perspectives combined with current data.Likewise, EPA invites overviews of country and regional perspectives on the study of public policy.With a focus on European countries, issues and studies, the journal follows a comparative approach enhancing the cross-continental theoretical understanding of policy research.
P03.07.A MRI signature in preoperative imaging predicts mesenchymal stem cell features and radioresistance in primary glioblastoma stem cell cultures
2022-09-01

Abstract Background Recently, a molecular signature describing the mesenchymal / proneural features of primary stem-cell-enriched glioblastoma cultures was identified correlating with invasiveness, radiation sensitivity and patient-outcome. However, generating and characterizing primary cultures is time-consuming and this might hamper translation into clinical concepts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of standard preoperative MR imaging (T1ce and T2FLAIR sequences) to predict the molecular signature and thus enable the development of clinical treatment concepts based on the molecular properties of the individual tumors. Material and Methods For 16 patients, for whom primary stem cell enriched cultures had been characterized for their mesenchymal / proneural signature and radiation sensitivity, tumor volume (hyperintense volume in T1ce), necrosis (hypointense volume inside the tumor volume) and edema (hyperintense volume in T2FLAIR) were contoured for volumetric analysis. Volume parameters were used to calculate ratios (edema/tumor and necrosis/tumor) and a MRI signature, which was then correlated with molecular parameters and patient outcome stratified by MGMT promoter methylation. Results As expected, the prognosis of patients with MGMT-promoter-methylated tumors was better (n.s.) compared to those with unmethylated MGMT promoters. Neither molecular nor imaging data were significantly different between these subgroups. In the subgroup of patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter, volumetric imaging parameters correlated with the molecular signature and cellular radiation sensitivity of the stem cell enriched cultures. This association was much weaker in the subgroup with methylated MGMT promoter. Conclusion In the subgroup of patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter, volumetric parameters on preoperative standard MR imaging might hint at the molecular properties of the respective tumor and its radiation sensitivity. This might be a clinically applicable method to stratify treatment according to molecular stem cell subtype without tissue culture and molecular analysis.