julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial comparing a rivaroxaban-based with an antiplatelet-based strategy for cerebral embolization after TAVR (EARTH TAVR)-a magnetic resonance imaging substudy of the GALILEO trial
2020-11-01

Abstract Background Cerebral embolization in patients after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) represents a serious complication, that was related to impaired bioprosthetic leaflet motion and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AFib). Purpose Hereafter we present the first randomized study comparing the effect of an anticoagulation plus antiplatelet with a dual antiplatelet antithrombotic treatment in patients after TAVR on cerebral embolizations as assessed by serial cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods The Evaluation of Cerebral Thrombembolism After TAVR (EARTH - TAVR) study was conducted as an investigator initiated substudy of the multicenter, randomized, GALILEO study. After successful TAVR, patients without indication for chronic anticoagulation were randomly assigned to rivaroxaban 10mg plus acetylsalicylic acid 75–100mg once-daily or clopidogrel 75mg plus acetylsalicylic acid 75–100mg once-daily. Cerebral MRI scans were performed pre-TAVR as a baseline, post-TAVR (within 24–48 hours after TAVR) and 90 days after TAVR. The MRI protocol included diffusion-weighted (DWI) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging. Cerebral embolic lesions were evaluated by an independent cerebral MRI core lab. The primary outcome measure of this study was the occurrence and extent of cerebral embolizations as measured by total volume of new ischaemic cerebral lesions. Results 36 patients were enrolled in the EARTH and the GALILEO study. The DWI MRI scans revealed an increase of cerebral lesions and volume post-TAVR by a median of 4.75 (95% NBCI 2.1–8.9) and 0.26cm3 (95% NBCI 0.11–0.59). On FLAIR imaging, lesion number and volume increased by a median of 3 (95% NBCI 1.5–6) and 0.1 cm3 (95% NBCI 0.04–0.31). At the 90 days MRI scan, there was no statistically significant change in cerebral lesions, if compared to the post-TAVR scan, irrespective of the treatment arm. Conclusion Thromboembolic events occur largely in the periinterventional phase post TAVR. Thereafter, the risk for additional cerebral embolization is low. An additional rivaroxaban therapy beyond antiplatelet inhibition did not impact on cerebral thromboembolism. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Bayer Pharmaceuticals
DriverMHG: A Multi-Modal Dataset for Dynamic Recognition of Driver Micro Hand Gestures and a Real-Time Recognition Framework
2020-11-01

The use of hand gestures provides a natural alternative to cumbersome interface devices for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) systems. However, real-time recognition of dynamic micro hand gestures from video streams is challenging for in-vehicle scenarios since (i) the gestures should be performed naturally without distracting the driver, (ii) micro hand gestures occur within very short time intervals at spatially constrained areas, (iii) the performed gesture should be recognized only once, and (iv) the entire architecture should be designed lightweight as it will be deployed to an embedded system. In this work, we propose an HCI system for dynamic recognition of driver micro hand gestures, which can have a crucial impact in automotive sector especially for safety related issues. For this purpose, we initially collected a dataset named Driver Micro Hand Gestures (DriverMHG), which consists of RGB, depth and infrared modalities. The challenges for dynamic recognition of micro hand gestures have been addressed by proposing a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) based architecture which operates online efficiently with a sliding window approach. For the CNN model, several 3-dimensional resource efficient networks are applied and their performances are analyzed. Online recognition of gestures has been performed with 3D-MobileNetV2, which provided the best offline accuracy among the applied networks with similar computational complexities. The final architecture is deployed on a driver simulator operating in real-time. We make DriverMHG dataset and our source code publicly available.
Flow Cytometric Assessment of AKT Signaling in Platelet Activation: An Alternative Diagnostic Tool for Small Volumes of Blood
2020-11-01

Abstract Introduction The diagnosis of platelet function disorder in children is challenging. Light transmission aggregometry is the gold standard for platelet function disorders. However, large blood volumes are required. Currently, there are no existing tools for the diagnosis of platelet function disorders that use small blood volumes. AKT signaling plays a central role in platelet activation during hemostasis and might be visualized by flow cytometry. Methods Platelet-rich plasma obtained by centrifugation of citrated blood from healthy volunteers was activated with arachidonic acid, thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 (TRAP-6), collagen, adenosine diphosphate ADP, collagen-related peptide (CRP), and epinephrine. After platelet activation, the phosphorylation of AKT was assessed by flow cytometer using a Navios cytometer. Results Healthy volunteers showed a reproducible phosphorylation of AKT upon activation. In comparison to nonactivated platelets, we documented an increase in pAKT expression with all agonists. Especially TRAP-6 and CRP caused considerable increase in percentage of pAKT expression throughout all the tested healthy volunteers. Conclusion An activation of the AKT-signal pathway by different agonists can clearly be detected on the flow cytometer, indicating that the visualization of signaling in platelets by flow cytometry might be an efficient alternative for light transmission aggregometry to test platelet function in children.
Intrinsic Autoencoders for Joint Deferred Neural Rendering and Intrinsic Image Decomposition
2020-11-01

Neural rendering techniques promise efficient photorealistic image synthesis while providing rich control over scene parameters by learning the physical image formation process. While several supervised methods have been proposed for this task, acquiring a dataset of images with accurately aligned 3D models is very difficult. The main contribution of this work is to lift this restriction by training a neural rendering algorithm from unpaired data. We propose an autoencoder for joint generation of realistic images from synthetic 3D models while simultaneously decomposing real images into their intrinsic shape and appearance properties. In contrast to a traditional graphics pipeline, our approach does not require to specify all scene properties, such as material parameters and lighting by hand. Instead, we learn photo-realistic deferred rendering from a small set of 3D models and a larger set of unaligned real images, both of which are easy to acquire in practice. Simultaneously, we obtain accurate intrinsic decompositions of real images while not requiring paired ground truth. Our experiments confirm that a joint treatment of rendering and decomposition is indeed beneficial and that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art image-to-image translation baselines both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Sound production in male and female corkwing wrasses and its relation to visual behaviour
2020-11-01

In fish, social interactions are commonly accompanied by acoustic signalling. Males have been found to produce sounds in a large range of species, but female sounds have received considerably less attention. But even in males, there remain significant taxonomical gaps, e.g. in one of the largest fish families, the wrasses. Here, we investigate sound production in territorial males and females of the corkwing wrasse in a field study in Norway. We complemented an in-depth analysis of the visual and acoustic behavioural repertoire of territorial males by descriptions of female behaviours. Males as well as females produced sounds in courtship and agonistic contexts. We recorded four types of sounds and found significant differences between male and female sound properties. We hereby provide one of the first descriptions of sound production in wrasses and, to our knowledge, the first one to also investigate female sound production. Our study shows that wrasses are an underappreciated family when it comes to sound production. With a repertoire of four different calls, corkwing wrasses are remarkably versatile among fishes. Our results highlight the potential and importance of future research about sound communication in neglected taxa, and in both sexes.
The Development of the Southeast Lower Town of Sirkeli Höyük
2020-11-01

Abstract The site of Sirkeli Höyük in the province of Adana in modern Turkey is one of the largest settlement mounds in Plain Cilicia. In 2012, a geophysical survey revealed that the ancient settlement was not confined to the höyük , but also encompassed an extensive lower town to the southeast of the main mound. To gain information on the dating and development of this part of the settlement, an excavation area (“Sector F”) was opened at a spot where the magnetometry survey suggested the presence of a city gate. Since then, archaeological work in this area has continuously produced new discoveries that help us understand how this residential area and its inhabitants developed throughout the periods of its occupation. Especially the Iron Age (Neo Cilician period) levels, which cover approximately the 11 th –7 th centuries B.C., provide important information on how this urban center of the Neo Hittite kingdom Hiyawa/Que changed over time and to which extent historical events impacted the people living in one of its residential areas. This contribution discusses the stratigraphic sequence, the pottery, and the archaeobotanical remains discovered in Sector F during the 2013–2019 campaigns, and concludes with a synthesis of the development in this area from a historical perspective.
Human Origins—Digital Future, an international conference about the future of archeological and paleoanthropological databases
2020-11-01

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study. FIGURE S1 Mind-map drawn using the collaboration platform NextCloud showing the results of all five conference sessions: Databases, Methods, Applications, Products and Perspectives, each in a different color Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Treatment Landscape and Prognosis After Treatment with Trastuzumab Emtansine
2020-11-01

Abstract Purpose Pertuzumab and T-DM1 are two efficient anti-HER2 treatments for patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. While pertuzumab is usually given in first-line treatment and T-DM1 in second-line treatment, standard therapy options seem to be exhausted up to now after the treatment of patients with these two therapy options. Therefore, it is important to have data that describes the therapy situation and prognosis after T-DM1 treatment. Methods The PRAEGNANT metastatic breast cancer registry (NCT02338167) is a prospective registry for breast cancer patients with a focus on molecular biomarkers. Patients of all therapy lines with any kind of treatment are eligible. Collected data comprises therapies, adverse events, quality of life and other patient reported outcomes. Here we report on the patient characteristics and descriptive prognostic data for HER2-positive patients who have completed a treatment with T-DM1. Therapy patterns after T-DM1 and progression-free survival are reported as well as overall survival. Results A total of 85 patients were identified for the study who were prospectively observed during therapy after the termination of T-DM1. The main reason for T-DM1 termination was progress. Following T-DM1, lapatinib, trastuzumab and chemotherapy were the main therapy choices. Median progression-free survival was 4.8 months (95% CI: 3.2 – 6.3) and median overall survival was 18.4 months (95% CI: 15.5 – 21.3). Conclusions Therapy options after T-DM1 in a real-world setting seem to exhibit a relevant clinical efficacy, supporting the concept of continuous anti-HER2 treatments in the advanced therapy setting for breast cancer patients. Novel therapies are needed to improve the rather short median progression-free survival.
Foreign language teaching from a pedagogical lingua franca perspective
2020-11-01

According to a social constructivist understanding, foreign language teachers should enable their learners to reflectively explore their own foreign language communication and to negotiate and refine their requirements of communicative and communal success. Suitable conditions for such an experience can be provided in intercultural virtual exchanges in which ‘learners’ of different linguacultural backgrounds are engaged as ‘speakers’ and use their common target language as a pedagogical lingua franca. Two case studies involving secondary school students with English and German as target languages will be presented to illustrate the pedagogical lingua franca approach and to discuss it with regard to issues of learner agency, non-native speaker emancipation, communication monitoring, and pedagogical mentoring.
Context and Complexity in Incremental Sentence Interpretation: An ERP Study on Temporal Quantification
2020-11-01

Abstract The present event‐related potential (ERP) study used picture–sentence verification to investigate the neurolinguistic correlates of the online processing of compositional‐semantic information. To this end, we examined context effects on sentences involving temporal adverbial quantification like Jana war jeden Morgen schwimmen an den Arbeitstagen (“Jana went for a swim every morning during the working week”). We tested whether the conceptual complexity associated with quantifying over time intervals leads to delayed predictions regarding the upcoming words in a sentence. The present study replicated previous results relating to quantification over individuals, which are conceptually less complex than time intervals. Analogous to previous studies, false vs. true sentences elicited an N400 whenever contextual cues did not permit a potential revision of a locally assigned truth value. The present results are compatible with an approach under which contextual cues are immediately considered for predicting how a sentence continues. The fact that the contextual complexity did not lead to processing delays indicates that the processing system quickly abstracts away from the conceptual complexity associated with the linguistic input if such an abstraction is possible.
Impaired heart rate variability triangular index to identify clinically silent strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation
2020-11-01

Abstract Introduction The identification of clinically silent strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is of high clinical relevance as they have been linked to cognitive impairment. Overt strokes have been associated with disturbances of the autonomic nervous system. Purpose We therefore hypothesize that impaired heart rate variability (HRV) can identify AF patients with clinically silent strokes. Methods We enrolled 1358 patients with AF without a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack from the multicenter SWISS-AF cohort study who were in sinus rhythm (SR-group, n=816) or AF (AF-group, n=542) on a 5 minute resting ECG recording. HRV triangular index (HRVI), the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and the mean heart rate (MHR) were calculated. Brain MRI was performed at baseline to assess the presence of large non-cortical or cortical infarcts, which were considered silent strokes without history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. We constructed binary logistic regression models to analyze the association between HRV parameters and silent strokes. Results At baseline, silent strokes were detected in 10.5% in the SR group and 19.9% in the AF group. In the SR-group, HRVI &amp;lt;15 was the only parameter independently associated with the presence of silent strokes (odds ratio (OR) 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–2.72; p=0.033) after adjustment for various clinical covariates (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, history of heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, prior major bleeding, intake of oral anticoagulation, antiarrhythmics or betablockers). Similarly, in the AF-group, HRVI&amp;lt;15 was independently associated with the presence of silent strokes (OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.05–2.57; p=0.028). SDNN&amp;lt;70ms and MHR&amp;lt;80 were not associated with silent strokes, neither in the SR group, nor in the AF group (Figure). Conclusions Reduced HRVI is independently associated with the presence of clinically silent strokes in an AF population, both when assessed during SR and during AF. Our data suggest that a short-term measurement of HRV in routine ECG recordings might contribute to identifying AF patients with clinically silent strokes. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Swiss National Science Foundation
758 Identification of tumor antigen-specific T cells in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients
2020-11-01

<h3>Background</h3> Interactions between the immune system and the tumor are now recognized as key determinants of clinical outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC). Immune landscapes have been extensively studied within resected primary tumors and immune markers, such as T cells, have been found to be associated with CRC patients' survival. Little is known about the immune profile of cells in peripheral blood. We hypothesize that the functional status of T cells, characterized by their response to CRC tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), can be monitored in the peripheral blood of patients and that they have prognostic relevance in CRC. <h3>Methods</h3> In vitro T cell responses to pools of overlapping peptides representing the TAAs MUC-1, hTERT, NY-ESO-1 and CEA were assessed by analyzing IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production by CD8+ T cells using flow cytometry, in 5 stage II-III CRC patients just prior to surgical resection and 3 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. <h3>Results</h3> T cells responding to MUC-1, hTERT, NY-ESO-1 and CEA were present in 3, 3, 1 and 5 CRC patients, respectively, whereas only one response to TAAs (MUC-1) was found in one healthy control (figure 1). When TAA responses were pooled together, 83.3% of responders were patients (n=5) and 100% of non-responders were healthy controls (n=2). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The presence of circulating T cells responding to CEA in all 5 patients, but also to MUC-1 and hTERT in 3 patients suggests that these TAAs may be good targets for immunotherapy in CRC. Our findings also provide a rationale to investigate the prognostic value of CEA-, MUC-1- and hTERT-specific T cells in the peripheral blood of CRC patients and to consider vaccination with these antigens to boost or induce responses to control residual tumor post-surgery. <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> This study was approved by Health Sciences North's Research Ethics Board; approval number 18- 104.
Cassirer, der Grundlagenstreit und die „idealen Elemente“ der Mathematik
2020-11-01

Abstract This paper shows that Cassirer’s philosophy of mathematics underwent a significant transformation by the end of the 1920s. This transformation was due to Cassirer’s reception of the ‘foundational crisis’ within mathematics itself. David Hilbert’s conception of the ‘ideal elements’ of mathematics attracted Cassirer’s particular attention. Indeed, he sought a ‘transcendental deduction’ of these elements. Reflection on this issue is therefore essential to providing an adequate interpretation of the later Cassirer’s enterprise in the philosophy of mathematics.
837 Interleukin-10 drives the development of T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells and is a target for immunotherapy
2020-11-01

<h3>Background</h3> In recent years, immunotherapy has become a common tool of cancer treatment. In order to define therapeutic targets, it is necessary to understand mechanisms of tumor-induced immunosuppression. In malignant B-cell lymphoma, the effects of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) remain poorly understood. <h3>Methods</h3> To investigate the role of IL-10 in a tumor microenvironment, we used λ-MYC-transgenic mice that spontaneously develop B-cell lymphoma. The experiments were performed either in vivo or in vitro and the cell samples were then analyzed by flow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> In MYC tumors, CD4+Foxp3- effector T cells maintained the expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), yet became exhausted. Within this population we found a cell fraction of unknown origin coexpressing IFN-γ and IL-10 that increased during disease progression. These cells turned out to be T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells, which are known to be immunosuppressive. When exposing homogeneous IFN-γ-producing T helper type 1 (Th1) cells to a MYC tumor milieu in vitro, part of these cells started to express both, IFN-γ and IL-10, and showed an increased level of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Notably, these changes diminished when an IL-10 neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) was added to the coculture, indicating that IL-10 is necessary for the Tr1 development and is involved in the upregulation of PD-1. In line with these results, we treated λ-MYC mice with anti-IL-10 mAb. This therapy not only led to significantly prolonged survival but also decreased expression of PD-1 on effector T cells and increased proliferation of cytotoxic T cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In summary, these results showed the importance of IL-10 for the tumor immune escape in lymphoma. IL-10 induced a conversion from Th1 to Tr1 cells and elevated levels of PD-1. Both effects were diminished after IL-10 ablation. Thus, targeting IL-10 might be a promising new approach of immunotherapy. <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> All animal studies were approved by Regierung von Oberbayern, approval number 55.2-1-54.
873 Pharmacologic macrophage depletion affects metastasis formation by modulating systemic immune responses in a genetic pancreatic cancer model
2020-11-01

<h3>Background</h3> Tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) play an important role in mediating tumour progression. In pancreatic cancer, infiltrating macrophages have been identified not only in invasive tumours, but also in early preinvasive pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias and are known to mediate tumour progression. <h3>Methods</h3> We aimed to study the impact of pharmacological macrophage depletion by liposomal clodronate in the genetic mouse model of pancreatic cancer (KPC mouse: LSL-KrasG12D/+;LSL-Trp53R172H/+;Pdx-1-Cre). KPC mice were treated with liposomal clodronate or control liposomes from week 8 to week 20. Tumour and metastasis formation as well as alterations in local and circulating immune cells and cytokines were analysed. <h3>Results</h3> Treatment with liposomal clodronate effectively reduced CD11b-positive macrophages both in the pancreas and other organs such as liver, lung and spleen. Tumour incidence and size was only slightly reduced. However, metastasis formation in the liver und lungs was markedly diminished after macrophage depletion. Reduced macrophage count was associated with significant alterations in circulating growth factors and mediators known to be secreted by macrophages and associated with angiogenesis, most prominently VEGF. Moreover, application of liposomal clodronate led to marked alterations in circulating immune cells, among them reduced regulatory T cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Pharmacological depletion of macrophages in a genetic mouse model of pancreatic cancer markedly reduced metastasis formation and is associated with modulated profile of both secreted mediators and regulatory T cells. Pharmacological modulation of infiltrating macrophages represents a promising avenue for antimetastatic therapeutic approaches.