julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Benford and the Internal Capital Market: A Useful Indicator of Managerial Engagement
2016-11-01

We propose the application of digit analysis using the Benford law to indicate managerial engagement in the capital allocation process. First, we motivate the potential of the Benford digit analysis to identify allocation outcomes that are shaped by human engagement instead of fixed decision rules. Second, we provide a case study to illustrate how the Benford digit analysis can be used to detect allocations affected by managerial interventions. We are unaware of any study applying the Benford test to internal capital markets, while this approach appears very useful in this context. It is commonly used in the auditing, financial accounting, and fraud detection literature.
IN VITRO TESTING OF POTENT ANTI-CMV AGENTS: DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION
2016-11-01

HIV-infected individuals; and c) an in vitro model of human CMV infection in fibroblasts that shows potent anti-CMV effects of modulators of the sirtuin pathway (resveratrol and sirtinol) and of other compounds including metformin.After attending this Symposium, participants will be able to define: 1) current knowledge about the role of chronic CMV infection in immunosenescence in older adults; 2) T-cell immunity against CMV and its role in chronic inflammation and residual immune activation in HIV infection; and 3) potent anti-CMV therapeutic agents with potential for clinical application.This Symposium also aims to stimulate research collaboration among participants.
INTERGENERATIONAL CAREGIVING AND FILIAL PIETY: A CHINESE CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
2016-11-01

HIV-infected individuals; and c) an in vitro model of human CMV infection in fibroblasts that shows potent anti-CMV effects of modulators of the sirtuin pathway (resveratrol and sirtinol) and of other compounds including metformin.After attending this Symposium, participants will be able to define: 1) current knowledge about the role of chronic CMV infection in immunosenescence in older adults; 2) T-cell immunity against CMV and its role in chronic inflammation and residual immune activation in HIV infection; and 3) potent anti-CMV therapeutic agents with potential for clinical application.This Symposium also aims to stimulate research collaboration among participants.
Debugging Eukaryotic Genetic Code Expansion for Site‐Specific Click‐PAINT Super‐Resolution Microscopy
2016-11-02

Abstract Super‐resolution microscopy (SRM) greatly benefits from the ability to install small photostable fluorescent labels into proteins. Genetic code expansion (GCE) technology addresses this demand, allowing the introduction of small labeling sites, in the form of uniquely reactive noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs), at any residue in a target protein. However, low incorporation efficiency of ncAAs and high background fluorescence limit its current SRM applications. Redirecting the subcellular localization of the pyrrolysine‐based GCE system for click chemistry, combined with DNA‐PAINT microscopy, enables the visualization of even low‐abundance proteins inside mammalian cells. This approach links a versatile, biocompatible, and potentially unbleachable labeling method with residue‐specific precision. Moreover, our reengineered GCE system eliminates untargeted background fluorescence and substantially boosts the expression yield, which is of general interest for enhanced protein engineering in eukaryotes using GCE.
Measuring the local wind field at an escarpment using small remotely-piloted aircraft
2016-11-02

A remotely-piloted aircraft (RPA) is used in this study to collect high resolution data of the flow in&#13;\\ncomplex terrain at a potential site for a wind energy test field in Southern Germany. It is described how&#13;\\nsuch a system was used to retrieve information about the flow field, turbulence intensity, vertical wind&#13;\\ncomponents and shear at an escarpment site that is known for its high wind potential. Measurements&#13;\\nwere done with the aircraft on several days with varying wind and weather conditions, while the focus of&#13;\\nthe study is on the characterisation of the flow field in main wind direction and neutral stratification. It is&#13;\\nshown that flow inclination of up to 30� is found over the escarpment, but attenuates within a few&#13;\\nhundred metres downstream. The formation of a reattached boundary layer could be measured, as well&#13;\\nas an increased turbulence intensity in the reattachment zone. The results are highly valuable information&#13;\\nfor the planning of a wind energy test site at the location of the experiment and can also be used&#13;\\nfor the validation of numerical simulations and remote sensing instruments.
Hans Kelsen and the Return of Universalism
2016-11-02

Abstract This chapter illustrates the deep structure of the Kelsenian approach to international law from an intellectual history perspective. Hans Kelsen (1881–1973) was a Viennese law professor in between the two world wars, who is seen by many as one of the most outstanding, if not the most outstanding, jurist of the twentieth century. Therefore studying the Kelsenian approach includes the political, doctrinal, and philosophical context in which Kelsen developed his fundamental critique of the then-prevailing German international law theory. Furthermore, the chapter reveals the subversive and revolutionary force of Kelsen’s critical methodology with a couple of examples, concluding with a few words on how German international legal scholarship dealt with Kelsen’s legacy after the Second World War.
Extension of the clinical and molecular phenotype of DIAPH1‐associated autosomal dominant hearing loss (DFNA1)
2016-11-03

In about 20% of non‐syndromic hearing loss ( NSHL ) cases, inheritance is autosomal dominant ( ADNSHL ). DIAPH1 mutations define the ADNSHL locus DFNA1 . We identified two new families with heterozygous truncating DIAPH1 mutations (p. Ala1210Serfs *31 and p.Arg1213*). In contrast to the extensively studied original DFNA1 family, hearing loss was not confined to low frequencies, but congenital manifestation and rapid progression were confirmed. In line with a recent unrelated study, we identified an association with thrombocytopenia, reclassifying DFNA1 as a syndrome. Consequently, we suggest to include the blood count into the initial clinical workup of patients with autosomal dominant hearing loss to guide the genetic diagnosis. We provide the first data on DIAPH1 expression in the organ of Corti, where it localizes to the inner pillar cells, at the base of the outer hair cells. Homozygous truncating DIAPH1 mutations located N‐terminally to the DFNA1 mutations have recently been identified in autosomal recessive microcephaly. It is therefore noteworthy that we found DIAPH1 expression also in spiral ganglion neurons and in the barrier between the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes that form the myelinating glia of the central nervous system (CNS).
Impact of infectious disease epidemics on tuberculosis diagnostic, management, and prevention services: experiences and lessons from the 2014–2015 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa
2016-11-03

The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Tuberculosis Report 2015 states that 28% of the world's 9.6 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases are in the WHO Africa Region. The Mano River Union (MRU) countries of West Africa-Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia-have made incremental sustained investments into TB control programmes over the past two decades. The devastating Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak of 2014-2015 in West Africa impacted significantly on all sectors of the healthcare systems in the MRU countries, including the TB prevention and control programmes. The EVD outbreak also had an adverse impact on the healthcare workforce and healthcare service delivery. At the height of the EVD outbreak, numerous staff members in all MRU countries contracted EBV at the Ebola treatment units and died. Many healthcare workers were also infected in healthcare facilities that were not Ebola treatment units but were national hospitals and peripheral health units that were unprepared for receiving patients with EVD. In all three MRU countries, the disruption to TB services due to the EVD epidemic will no doubt have increased Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, TB morbidity and mortality, and decreased patient adherence to TB treatment, and the likely impact will not be known for several years to come. In this viewpoint, the impact that the EVD outbreak had on TB diagnostic, management, and prevention services is described. Vaccination against TB with BCG in children under 5 years of age was affected adversely by the EVD epidemic. The EVD outbreak was a result of global failure and represents yet another 'wake-up call' to the international community, and particularly to African governments, to reach a consensus on new ways of thinking at the national, regional, and global levels for building healthcare systems that can sustain their function during outbreaks. This is necessary so that other disease control programmes (like those for TB, malaria, and HIV) are not compromised during the emergency measures of a severe epidemic.
Spectral Clustering Predicts Tumor Tissue Heterogeneity Using Dynamic 18F-FDG PET: A Complement to the Standard Compartmental Modeling Approach
2016-11-03

In this study, we described and validated an unsupervised segmentation algorithm for the assessment of tumor heterogeneity using dynamic <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET. The aim of our study was to objectively evaluate the proposed method and make comparisons with compartmental modeling parametric maps and SUV segmentations using simulations of clinically relevant tumor tissue types. <b>Methods:</b> An irreversible 2-tissue-compartmental model was implemented to simulate clinical and preclinical <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET time-activity curves using population-based arterial input functions (80 clinical and 12 preclinical) and the kinetic parameter values of 3 tumor tissue types. The simulated time-activity curves were corrupted with different levels of noise and used to calculate the tissue-type misclassification errors of spectral clustering (SC), parametric maps, and SUV segmentation. The utility of the inverse noise variance- and Laplacian score-derived frame weighting schemes before SC was also investigated. Finally, the SC scheme with the best results was tested on a dynamic <sup>18</sup>F-FDG measurement of a mouse bearing subcutaneous colon cancer and validated using histology. <b>Results:</b> In the preclinical setup, the inverse noise variance-weighted SC exhibited the lowest misclassification errors (8.09%-28.53%) at all noise levels in contrast to the Laplacian score-weighted SC (16.12%-31.23%), unweighted SC (25.73%-40.03%), parametric maps (28.02%-61.45%), and SUV (45.49%-45.63%) segmentation. The classification efficacy of both weighted SC schemes in the clinical case was comparable to the unweighted SC. When applied to the dynamic <sup>18</sup>F-FDG measurement of colon cancer, the proposed algorithm accurately identified densely vascularized regions from the rest of the tumor. In addition, the segmented regions and clusterwise average time-activity curves showed excellent correlation with the tumor histology. <b>Conclusion:</b> The promising results of SC mark its position as a robust tool for quantification of tumor heterogeneity using dynamic PET studies. Because SC tumor segmentation is based on the intrinsic structure of the underlying data, it can be easily applied to other cancer types as well.
How do patients with anorexia nervosa “process” psychotherapy between sessions? A comparison of cognitive–behavioral and psychodynamic interventions
2016-11-03

In outpatient treatment in AN, the processing of therapy as measured by the IEQ showed surprisingly few differences between CBT-E and FPT. However, different ISP patterns were predictive of outcome, pointing to different mechanisms of change.
Loss-of-function mutations in theATP13A2/PARK9 gene cause complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG78)
2016-11-04

Hereditary spastic paraplegias are heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive spasticity of the lower limbs due to degeneration of the corticospinal motor neurons. In a Bulgarian family with three siblings affected by complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia, we performed whole exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping and identified a homozygous p.Thr512Ile (c.1535C > T) mutation in ATP13A2. Molecular defects in this gene have been causally associated with Kufor-Rakeb syndrome (#606693), an autosomal recessive form of juvenile-onset parkinsonism, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (#606693), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigments. Further analysis of 795 index cases with hereditary spastic paraplegia and related disorders revealed two additional families carrying truncating biallelic mutations in ATP13A2. ATP13A2 is a lysosomal P5-type transport ATPase, the activity of which critically depends on catalytic autophosphorylation. Our biochemical and immunocytochemical experiments in COS-1 and HeLa cells and patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrated that the hereditary spastic paraplegia-associated mutations, similarly to the ones causing Kufor-Rakeb syndrome and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, cause loss of ATP13A2 function due to transcript or protein instability and abnormal intracellular localization of the mutant proteins, ultimately impairing the lysosomal and mitochondrial function. Moreover, we provide the first biochemical evidence that disease-causing mutations can affect the catalytic autophosphorylation activity of ATP13A2. Our study adds complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG78) to the clinical continuum of ATP13A2-associated neurological disorders, which are commonly hallmarked by lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. The disease presentation in our patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia was dominated by an adult-onset lower-limb predominant spastic paraparesis. Cognitive impairment was present in most of the cases and ranged from very mild deficits to advanced dementia with fronto-temporal characteristics. Nerve conduction studies revealed involvement of the peripheral motor and sensory nerves. Only one of five patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia showed clinical indication of extrapyramidal involvement in the form of subtle bradykinesia and slight resting tremor. Neuroimaging cranial investigations revealed pronounced vermian and hemispheric cerebellar atrophy. Notably, reduced striatal dopamine was apparent in the brain of one of the patients, who had no clinical signs or symptoms of extrapyramidal involvement.
Near Real-Time Peer-to-Peer Shared Editing on Extensible Data Types
2016-11-04

Near real-time collaboration using Web browsers is becoming rapidly more and more popular for many applications such as text editing, coding, sketching and others. These applications require reliable algorithms to ensure consistency among the participating Web clients. Operational Transformation (OT) and more recently Commutative Replicated Data Types (CRDT) have become widely adopted solutions for this kind of problem. However, most existing approaches are non-trivial and require trade-offs between expressiveness, suitable infrastructure, performance and simplicity. The ever growing number of potential use cases, the new possibilities of cutting-edge messaging protocols that shaped the near real-time Web, and the use of N-way communication between clients (e.g. WebRTC), create a need for peer-to-peer algorithms that perform well and are not restricted to only a few supported data types. In this paper, we present YATA, an approach for peer-to-peer shared editing applications that ensures convergence, preserves user intentions, allows offline editing and can be utilized for arbitrary data types in the Web browser. Using Yjs, its open-source JavaScript library implementation, we have evaluated the performance and multiple usage of YATA in Web and mobile browsers, both on test and real-world data. The promising evaluation results as well as the uptake by many commercial vendors and open-source projects indicate a wide applicability of YATA.
The Maturation of Interference Suppression and Response Inhibition: ERP Analysis of a Cued Go/Nogo Task
2016-11-04

Inhibitory control is a core function that allows us to resist interference from our surroundings and to stop an ongoing action. To date, it is not clear whether inhibitory control is a single process or whether it is composed of different processes. Further, whether these processes are separate or clustered in childhood is under debate. In this study, we investigated the existence and development of two hypothesized component processes of inhibitory control-interference suppression and response inhibition-using a single task and event related potential components. Twenty 8-year-old children and seventeen adults performed a spatially cued Go/Nogo task while their brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography. Mean N2 amplitudes confirmed the expected pattern for response inhibition with both the children and the adults showing more negative N2 for Nogo vs. Go trials. The interference suppression N2 effect was only present in adults and appeared as a more negative N2 in response to Go trials with a congruent cue than Go trials with an incongruent cue. Contrary to previous findings, there was no evidence that the interference suppression N2 effect was later occurring than the response inhibition N2 effect. Overall, response inhibition was present in both the children and the adults whereas interference suppression was only present in the adults. These results provide evidence of distinct maturational processes for both component processes of inhibitory control, with interference suppression probably continuing to develop into late childhood.
Dysfunction of cGMP signalling in photoreceptors by a macular dystrophy-related mutation in the calcium sensor GCAP1
2016-11-04

Macular dystrophy leads to progressive loss of central vision and shows symptoms similar to age-related macular degeneration. Genetic screening of patients diagnosed with macular dystrophy disclosed a novel mutation in the GUCA1A gene, namely a c.526C > T substitution leading to the amino acid substitution p.L176F in the guanylate cyclase-activating protein 1 (GCAP1). The same variant was found in three families showing an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. For a full functional characterization of the L176F mutant we expressed and purified the mutant protein and measured key parameters of its activating properties, its Ca2+/Mg2+-binding, and its Ca2+-induced conformational changes in comparison to the wildtype protein. The mutant was less sensitive to changes in free Ca2+, resulting in a constitutively active form under physiological Ca2+-concentration, showed significantly higher activation rates than the wildtype (90-fold versus 20-fold) and interacted with an higher apparent affinity with its target guanylate cyclase. However, direct Ca2+-binding of the mutant was nearly similar to the wildtype; binding of Mg2+ occurred with higher affinity. We performed molecular dynamics simulations for comparing the Ca2+-saturated inhibiting state of GCAP1 with the Mg2+-bound activating states. The L176F mutant exhibited significantly lower flexibility, when three Ca2+ or two Mg2+ were bound forming probably the structural basis for the modified GCAP1 function.
“Girl Power” in Eastern Europe? The human capital development of Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries and its determinants
2016-11-04

How did human capital develop in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and other east-central and eastern European countries? We trace the development of a specific human capital indicator during this period: numeracy. We draw upon new evidence for Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania, and Russia, controlling for potential selectivity issues. Numeracy started at low levels, especially in Russia and, later, in Lithuania. In the mid-eighteenth century, levels in Russia began to converge to Polish levels; later, the other regions followed. We test potential determinants such as serfdom, female autonomy, nutrition, and geography. We find that female autonomy proxied by the share of young female singles had a particularly consistent positive effect. An instrumental variable regression suggests that the relationship could be causal.
Facile Way of Synthesis for Molybdenum Iodides
2016-11-04

Molybdenum iodides are prepared based on a new way of synthesis, namely, via reductive metathesis reaction of MoCl<sub>5</sub> with SiI<sub>4</sub>. MoI<sub>3</sub> was formed at 150 °C. Mo<sub>6</sub>I<sub>12</sub> and the new molybdenum iodides Mo<sub>6</sub>I<sub>16</sub> and Mo<sub>6</sub>I<sub>18</sub> with the well-known [Mo<sub>6</sub>I<sub>8</sub>]<sup>4+</sup> cluster core were obtained in the temperature range 550-600 °C. Compounds were structurally characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques.
Novel cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations
2016-11-06

Previous case studies reported nine patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) who developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) after AVM embolisation. Here, we describe three novel cases of ALS which developed 13–34 years after treatment, including embolisation, of cerebral AVM. This study provides further arguments supporting the thesis that embolisation of cerebral AVM might influence the risk of later ALS development.
The accretion of migrating giant planets
2016-11-07

\\n Aims. Most studies concerning the growth and evolution of massive planets focus either on their accretion or their migration only. In this work we study both processes concurrently to investigate how they might mutually affect one another. \\n Methods. We modeled a two-dimensional disk with a steady accretion flow onto the central star and embedded a Jupiter mass planet at 5.2 au. The disk is locally isothermal and viscosity is modeled using a constant α. The planet is held on a fixed orbit for a few hundred orbits to allow the disk to adapt and carve a gap. After this period, the planet is released and free to move according to the gravitational interaction with the gas disk. The mass accretion onto the planet is modeled by removing a fraction of gas from the inner Hill sphere, and the removed mass and momentum can be added to the planet. \\n Results. Our results show that a fast migrating planet is able to accrete more gas than a slower migrating planet. Utilizing a tracer fluid we analyzed the origin of the accreted gas originating predominantly from the inner disk for a fast migrating planet. In the case of slower migration, the fraction of gas from the outer disk increases. We also found that even for very high accretion rates, in some cases gas crosses the planetary gap from the inner to the outer disk. Our simulations show that the crossing of gas changes during the migration process as the migration rate slows down. Therefore, classical type II migration where the planet migrates with the viscous drift rate and no gas crosses the gap is no general process but may only occur for special parameters and at a certain time during the orbital evolution of the planet. \\n