julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Analysing X-ray pulsar profiles
2012-03-20

\\n Aims. By analysing the asymmetric pulse profiles of the transient Be/X-ray binaries 4U 0115+63 and V 0332+53 we aim to identify the origin of the pulsed emission to understand the geometry of the accretion onto the neutron star.\\n Methods. We have applied the pulse-profile decomposition method, which enabled us to find two symmetric pulse profiles for the two magnetic poles of the neutron star. We derived beam patterns for different energy bands and luminosity states. This allowed us to identify the components that are responsible for the emission. The analysis and the models used for the interpretation of the results take relativistic light deflection into account. \\n Results. We find that the magnetic field of the neutron star is distorted in both 4U 0115+63 and V 0332+53. The beam patterns are interpreted in terms of a model for an accretion column that includes the formation of a halo at the bottom of the accretion column and scattering in the upper accretion stream.\\n Conclusions. In both systems, an accretion column forms while the accretion rate is high. If the accretion decreases and the sources become fainter, the emission from the halo and the accretion column disappears. In 4U 0115+63 there seems to be significant scattering of photons in the still existing accretion stream even at the end of the outburst. In V 0332+53, the scattering in the upper stream also disappears at the end and we apparently observe the emission from the hot spots on the neutron star.\\n
Miscellaneous vitreous‐derived IgM antibodies target numerous retinal proteins in equine recurrent uveitis
2012-03-20

Abstract Objective In equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), immune reactions are directed toward known antigens like S‐antigen, interphotoreceptor retinoid‐binding protein, and cellular retinalaldehyde‐binding protein, and anti‐retinal antibodies were detected in vitreous samples. The aim of this study was the investigation of intraocular immunoglobulin M (IgM) reactivities to retinal proteome. Procedures Retina was separated by one‐ and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and blotted semidry on PVDF membranes. To identify intraocular IgM antibody responses to retinal tissue, blots were incubated with vitreous samples of ERU‐diseased horses ( n = 50) and healthy controls ( n = 30), followed by an HRP‐labeled secondary antibody specific for equine IgM. Noticeable 2D western blot signals were aligned on a 2D gel of retinal proteome, excised, and subsequently identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Results Interestingly, frequent and very miscellaneous IgM response patterns to the retinal proteome in 68% of ERU vitreous samples were detected. Binding of IgM antibodies was localized at 17 different molecular weights. The most frequently detected signal, in 21 of the 50 samples, was located at 49 kDa. Comparing the samples interindividually between one and up to nine different signals in one sample could be observed. All healthy vitreous samples were devoid of IgM antibodies. Analysis of targeted spots with mass spectrometry led to the clear identification of 11 different proteins (corresponding to 16 different spots). One candidate could not be discovered so far. Conclusion The considerable IgM response to retinal proteins demonstrates an ongoing immune response, which might contribute to the remitting relapsing character of ERU. Novel identified target proteins point to a diverse response pattern of individual ERU cases.
Anomaly Detection at “supersonic” Speed
2012-03-20

Abstract Anomaly-based methods of intrusion detection are gaining increasing interest among IT-security practitioners. Unlike the traditional intrusion detection systems (IDS) based on pattern matching they are capable of detecting previously unknown attacks without any knowledge about attack signatures. For practical deployment, not only accuracy but also the computational performance is crucial. A deployed IDS must be able to process traffic volumes of several Gbps, which is typical for network infrastructure nodes. Most of the previously proposed anomaly-based IDS have not specifically addressed performance issues. Moreover, it has been widely believed that no anomaly-based system with full analysis of packet payload can reach a “sound barrier” of 1 Gbps. In this contribution, we show that using a careful selection of algorithms and common parallelization techniques, the performance of well over 1 Gbps is possible for a wide range of methods based on a metric embedding of packet/connection payloads. After a brief introduction to the embedding techniques, we describe the specific algorithms and data structures for a high-performance implementation of such methods. We present experiments on large-scale traces of real network traffic that demonstrate that processing rates of over 4 Gbps can be attained by our methods on commodity multi-core processors.
Fertility preservation methods in young women with systemic lupus erythematosus prior to cytotoxic therapy: experiences from the FertiProtekt network
2012-03-21

Objectives: Despite new treatment options, some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) need to be treated with the cytotoxic agent cyclophosphamide (CYC). Unlike malignant disease, there are no recommendations for ovarian protection in SLE. The clinical experience of the FertiPROTEKT network as well as recommendations after literature review will be presented in this paper. Methods: Retrospective analyses of counselling and treatment data from the FertiPROTEKT register with special respect to SLE patients under 40 years prior to planned CYC treatment. Results: A total of 2836 patients were advised prior to cytotoxic treatment in one of the FertiPROTEKT centres during January 2007 to November 2011. Of those, 68 patients (mean age 25 +/− 6.07years) were counselled for severe SLE. Only five women did not make use of a fertility preservation method. Sixty-three patients (92.6%) decided in favour of a fertility preservation method. The largest proportion (91.2%) opted for treatment with a GnRH analogue. Ovarian tissue removal for cryoconservation was performed in 16 patients (25%). Stimulation therapy for cryoconservation of fertilized egg cells was performed in three patients (4.4%). Conclusions: When counselling patients with SLE for fertility preservation one has to be aware of the disease-specific risks. According to the literature, a safe and effective option in SLE up to now has been the use of a GnRH analogue. Cryoconservation of ovarian tissue must still be seen as an experimental treatment, but as data on removal, cryoconservation, retransplantation and pregnancies are steadily rising, this presents a promising option for young SLE patients. Cryoconservation of oocytes must be very critically evaluated due to the need for a stimulation therapy and should only be performed after particular consideration of the individual risks.
Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Complexes of the Alkaline-Earth Metals: Alkylaluminate Precursors and Schlenk-Type Rearrangements
2012-03-21

A series of 3,5-substituted tris(pyrazolyl)borate (TpR,Me; R = Me, Ph, tBu) complexes of the alkaline-earth metals (Mg, Ca, Ba) was synthesized by salt metathesis reactions. The influence of different organometallic precursors on Schlenk-type rearrangement reactions was studied, putting emphasis on the metal size and the steric encumbrance of the Tp ligands. Magnesium alkyls MgR2 (R = AlMe4, CH3) react with KTpR,Me to form the heteroleptic complexes (TpMe,Me)Mg(CH3), (TptBu,Me)Mg(CH3), and (TpMe,Me)Mg(AlMe4). The latter tetramethylaluminate complex can also be obtained by treatment of TpMe,MeMg(CH3) with an excess of trimethylaluminum. The formally six-coordinate cyclopentadienyl derivative (C5Me5)Mg(Me)(thf)2 is synthesized from MeMgBr and 1 equiv of K(C5Me5). Equimolar reactions of the tetraethylaluminates [M(AlEt4)2]n of the heavier alkaline-earth metals calcium and barium with KTpR,Me give the homoleptic complexes of Ca(TpR,Ph)2 and Ba(TpR,Me)2. Heterotrimetallic [BaK(AlEt4)3]n is identified as a ligand rearrangement product and can be independently obtained by adding [K(AlEt4)]n to [Ba(AlEt4)2]n. Treatment of Ba[N(SiMe3)2]2(thf)2 with KTpMe,Me generates the heteroleptic complex (TpMe,Me)Ba[N(SiMe3)2](thf)2. All complexes are fully characterized including X-ray structure analyses.
Identification of a Novel Signaling Pathway and Its Relevance for GluA1 Recycling
2012-03-21

We previously showed that the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3) increases the AMPA-type glutamate receptor GluA1 protein in the plasma membrane. The activation of AMPA receptors by NMDA-type glutamate receptors eventually leads to postsynaptic neuronal plasticity. Here, we show that SGK3 mRNA is upregulated in the hippocampus of new-born wild type Wistar rats after NMDA receptor activation. We further demonstrate in the Xenopus oocyte expression system that delivery of GluA1 protein to the plasma membrane depends on the small GTPase RAB11. This RAB-dependent GluA1 trafficking requires phosphorylation and activation of phosphoinositol-3-phosphate-5-kinase (PIKfyve) and the generation of PI(3,5)P(2). In line with this mechanism we could show PIKfyve mRNA expression in the hippocampus of wild type C57/BL6 mice and phosphorylation of PIKfyve by SGK3. Incubation of hippocampal slices with the PIKfyve inhibitor YM201636 revealed reduced CA1 basal synaptic activity. Furthermore, treatment of primary hippocampal neurons with YM201636 altered the GluA1 expression pattern towards reduced synaptic expression of GluA1. Our findings demonstrate for the first time an involvement of PIKfyve and PI(3,5)P(2) in NMDA receptor-triggered synaptic GluA1 trafficking. This new regulatory pathway of GluA1 may contribute to synaptic plasticity and memory.
The impact of verb form, sentence position, home language, and second language proficiency on subject–verb agreement in child second language Dutch
2012-03-21

ABSTRACT It has been argued that children learning a second language (L2) omit agreement inflection because of communication demands. The conclusion of these studies is that L2 children know the morphological and syntactic properties of agreement inflection, but sometimes insert an inflectional default form (i.e., the bare verb) in production. The present study focuses on factors that explain errors with subject–verb agreement in the speech of children learning Dutch as their L2. Analyses of experimentally obtained production data from 4- to 9-year-old L2 children reveal that verb form, sentence position, home language, and L2 proficiency determine accuracy with subject–verb agreement in the L2. Most errors were omissions of inflection, in line with the above hypothesis. However, in more exceptional contexts, the children also substituted verb forms, which is more difficult to reconcile with the claim that L2 children's errors reflect insertion of a default form.
Severe paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
2012-03-21

Abstract Background Renal cell carcinoma can cause various paraneoplastic syndromes including metabolic and hematologic disturbances. Paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia has been reported in a variety of hematologic and solid tumors. We present the first case in the literature of severe paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia in a patient with renal cell carcinoma. Case presentation A 46 year-old patient patient with a history of significant weight loss, reduced general state of health and coughing underwent radical nephrectomy for metastasized renal cell carcinoma. Three weeks after surgery, the patient presented with excessive peripheral hypereosinophilia leading to profound neurological symptoms due to cerebral microinfarction. Systemic treatment with prednisolone, hydroxyurea, vincristine, cytarabine, temsirolimus and sunitinib led to reduction of peripheral eosinophils but could not prevent rapid disease progression of the patient. At time of severe leukocytosis, a considerable increase of cytokines associated with hypereosinophilia was measurable. Conclusions Paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia in patients with renal cell carcinoma might indicate poor prognosis and rapid disease progression. Myelosuppressive therapy is required in symptomatic patients.
Fibulo‐scapho‐lunate arthrodesis after resection of the distal radius for giant‐cell tumor of the bone
2012-03-21

Abstract Background: Giant‐cell tumors of the distal radius are rare. They have a high‐risk of local recurrence and a risk of pulmonary metastasis. Curettage alone or combined with adjunctive agents is often associated with local recurrence. Methods: Three patients with giant‐cell tumor of the distal radius are presented. All patients showed Campanacci grade 3 lesions. All patients underwent complete distal radius resection and reconstruction with a vascularized fibular graft distally fused with the scaphoid and the lunate, allowing midcarpal motion. Results: The follow‐up period ranged from 6 to 60 months. For all three patients, emotional acceptance was excellent. The postoperative motion of the wrist was good, with a range of motion of 30‐0‐30°, 40‐0‐0°, and 30‐0‐10° (extension–flexion). There was neither tumor recurrence nor pulmonary metastasis. Conclusion: Fibulo‐scapho‐lunate fusion is an elegant method of distal radius reconstruction with good functional outcome and low risk of pulmonary metastasis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Reliability of the novel 7‐joint ultrasound score: Results from an inter‐ and intraobserver study performed by rheumatologists
2012-03-22

Abstract Objective To assess the inter‐ and intraobserver reliability of 26 rheumatologists when performing the 7‐joint ultrasound score (US7). Methods Six patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined by 26 sonographers in 12 rater groups who performed the US7 score. The US7 score includes the clinically dominant wrist, the second and third metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal joints, and the second and fifth metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints, which were evaluated for synovitis, tenosynovitis/paratenonitis, and erosions from the dorsal side and palmar/plantar aspects by gray‐scale and power Doppler (PD) ultrasound. Additional lateral scans were performed at the MCP2 and MTP5 joints. All of the groups repeated the examination in 4 patients in order to calculate the intraobserver reliability. The results of one group that included 2 expert sonographers were considered as the reference standard. Kappa values, median agreement rates (interobserver), and P values (intraobserver evaluation) were calculated. Results The median overall kappa value for detecting synovitis was 0.51, for tenosynovitis/paratenonitis was 0.57, and for erosions was 0.45. In detail, the best interobserver results were found for the detection of erosions in the MTP2 joint from the plantar aspect (κ = 1; median agreement rate 89.4%) and for PD signal detection in the palmar wrist region (κ = 0.79; median agreement rate 78.8%). Good agreement was found for detecting erosions in the MCP2 joint from the radial side (κ = 0.67; median agreement rate 77.3%). Conclusion The inter‐ and intraobserver reliability of the US7 score shows moderate to substantial kappa values and good agreements. Therefore, this ultrasound score has the potential to be an important imaging tool, including multicenter analysis to assess structural changes.
Elastic waves in the presence of a granular shear band formed by direct shear
2012-03-22

The propagation of elastic waves in a box under direct shear, filled with glass beads and being sheared at constant rates, is studied experimentally and theoretically. The respective velocities are shown to be essentially unchanged from that in a static granular system under the same pressure and shear stress but without a shear band. Influence of shear band on sound behaviors are also briefly discussed.
Testing Drugs Together With Those Who Need Them
2012-03-22

Abstract Under which conditions is international biomedical research in low and middle income countries acceptable? For about 15 years there has been no agreement in the international bioethical community on how to answer this question. Strict positions ask for universal global rules including a global standard of medical care. Others are concerned that this would be too paternalistic and want to leave space for negotiations between the parties involved. We want to point out that each of the positions mentioned above can claim to meet widespread moral intuitions and to be based on widely accepted ethical principles. However, they show also important weaknesses. In order to provide evidence for this, we first outline the general context in which international biomedical research is carried out. After analyzing each position in respect to two problems, the standard of care and reasonable availability, we evaluate two paradigmatic clinical trials from the perspective of both positions. This will help us to demonstrate their weaknesses. Finally, we argue for a middle ground which can correct these weaknesses, and we will as well provide an ethical justification for this middle ground.
Halogen-Enriched Fragment Libraries as Leads for Drug Rescue of Mutant p53
2012-03-23

The destabilizing p53 cancer mutation Y220C creates a druggable surface crevice. We developed a strategy exploiting halogen bonding for lead discovery to stabilize the mutant with small molecules. We designed halogen-enriched fragment libraries (HEFLibs) as starting points to complement classical approaches. From screening of HEFLibs and subsequent structure-guided design, we developed substituted 2-(aminomethyl)-4-ethynyl-6-iodophenols as p53-Y220C stabilizers. Crystal structures of their complexes highlight two key features: (i) a central scaffold with a robust binding mode anchored by halogen bonding of an iodine with a main-chain carbonyl and (ii) an acetylene linker, enabling the targeting of an additional subsite in the crevice. The best binders showed induction of apoptosis in a human cancer cell line with homozygous Y220C mutation. Our structural and biophysical data suggest a more widespread applicability of HEFLibs in drug discovery.
Hybrid Neurofibroma/Schwannoma is Overrepresented Among Schwannomatosis and Neurofibromatosis Patients
2012-03-23

We analyzed the histologic features of peripheral nerve sheath tumors occurring in 14 patients with schwannomatosis. Among a total of 31 tumors, 19 tumors (61%) showed schwannoma-like nodules within a neurofibroma-like tumor, corresponding to hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma. At least 1 hybrid tumor occurred in 10 of 14 (71%) schwannomatosis patients. We then retrieved cases of hybrid tumors without documented relation to schwannomatosis from our database and identified 41 tumors arising in 23 patients. More than half of these patients (14/23) were reported to suffer from multiple peripheral nerve sheath tumors, favoring a tumor syndrome. Indeed, analysis of clinical records revealed the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) in 26% (6/23), neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in 9% (2/23), definite schwannomatosis in 4% (1/23), and possible schwannomatosis in 13% (3/23) of patients with multiple nerve sheath tumors. Our findings suggest that hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma represents a common tumor type in schwannomatosis and shows a striking association with neurofibromatoses.
Impaired Trunk Stability in Individuals at High Risk for Parkinson's Disease
2012-03-23

Individuals with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease have subtle signs of a balance deficit under most challenging conditions. This preliminary finding should motivate further studies on sway performance in individuals with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease, to evaluate the potential of this symptom to serve as a biological marker for prodromal Parkinson's disease.
Meaning in History—A Comparison Between the Works of Karl Löwith and Erich Auerbach
2012-03-23

Karl Löwith (1897–1973) and Erich Auerbach (1892–1957) were assimilated German Jewish scholars who came to America during and after World War II. In the early 1940s both émigrés wrotetheir masterpieces From Hegel to Nietzsche and Mimesis in Japan and Turkey. In these books, the philosopher as well as the philologist, provide a certain philosophy of history forced by the historical crisis of Europe. The differences in their viewpoints can clearly be seen in their decisive judgments on Goethe and the French Revolution. The comparison first looks at the question what impact the reality of being expelled from the German University of Marburg had on the development of their thoughts. The expanding war and the persecution of the European Jews is taken into account as well. The second focus is directed on the experience both made at the American East Coast and how this might have influenced their later writings namely Meaning in History and Philology of World-Literature. And at last the question is raised which significance the Jewish-Christian background had for Löwith and Auerbach especially for their attitude towards the religious sphere.
Genetic Evidence of Functional Ficolin-2 Haplotype as Susceptibility Factor in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
2012-03-23

Our results demonstrate a significant association of FCN2 AGACG haplotype with cutaneous leishmaniasis in a Syrian Arab population. These first results provide a basis for a future study that could confirm or disprove possible relationships between FCN2 gene polymorphisms with cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Common Genetic Variation in the SERPINF1 Locus Determines Overall Adiposity, Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance, and Circulating Leptin Levels
2012-03-23

In humans at increased risk for type 2 diabetes, a functional common genetic variant in the gene locus encoding PEDF contributes to overall body adiposity, obesity-related insulin resistance, and circulating leptin levels.
Thermal Generation of Pentacenes from Soluble 6,13-Dihydro-6,13-ethenopentacene Precursors by a Diels–Alder-retro-Diels–Alder Sequence with 3,6-Disubstituted Tetrazines
2012-03-23

3,6-Substituted tetrazines 2 (a: R(2) = 2-pyridyl or b: CO(2)Me) react with 2,3,9,10-(R(1))(4)-dihydro-6,13-ethenopentacene 3 in solution at elevated temperature to the corresponding pentacene 1 (a: R(1) = H, b: OBn, c: F).
Performance of PCN-Based Admission Control Under Challenging Conditions
2012-03-23

Precongestion notification (PCN) is a packet-marking technique for IP networks to notify egress nodes of a so-called PCN domain whether the traffic rate on some links exceeds certain configurable bounds. This feedback is used by decision points for admission control (AC) to block new flows when the traffic load is already high. PCN-based AC is simpler than other AC methods because interior routers do not need to keep per-flow states. Therefore, it is currently being standardized by the IETF. We discuss various realization options and analyze their performance in the presence of flash crowds or with multipath routing by means of simulation and mathematical modeling. Such situations can be aggravated by insufficient flow aggregation, long round-trip times, on/off traffic, delayed media, inappropriate marker configuration, and smoothed feedback.