julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Uniqueness of equipotential photon surfaces in 4-dimensional static vacuum asymptotically flat spacetimes for positive, negative, and zero mass—And a new partial proof of the Willmore inequality
2025-05-01

We present different proofs of the uniqueness of 4-dimensional static vacuum asymptotically flat spacetimes containing a connected equipotential photon surface or in particular a connected photon sphere. We do not assume that the equipotential photon surface is outward directed or non-degenerate and hence cover not only the positive but also the negative and the zero mass case which has not yet been treated in the literature. Our results partially reproduce and extend beyond results by Cederbaum and by Cederbaum and Galloway. In the positive and negative mass cases, we give three proofs which are based on the approaches to proving black hole uniqueness by Israel, Robinson, and Agostiniani–Mazzieri, respectively. In the zero mass case, we give four proofs. One is based on the positive mass theorem, the second one is inspired by Israel’s approach and in particular leads to a new proof of the Willmore inequality in (R3,δ), under a technical assumption. The remaining two proofs are inspired by proofs of the Willmore inequality by Cederbaum and Miehe and by Agostiniani and Mazzieri, respectively. In particular, this suggests to view the Willmore inequality and its rigidity case as a zero mass version of equipotential photon surface uniqueness.
Anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy in patients with embolic stroke of unknown source: A systematic review and meta-analysis
2025-05-01

Abstract Introduction Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) carries a substantial clinical burden due to high stroke recurrence rate.(1) Recent randomised trials have tested whether anticoagulation is more effective than antiplatelet therapy in ESUS patients. Although anticoagulation is not superior to antiplatelet therapy in this setting, the full safety profile of anti-coagulation compared to anti-platelet therapy has not been reported, limiting assessment of the risk:benefit ratio and therapeutic decision making. Purpose This meta-analysis reports the comparative safety and efficacy of anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy in ESUS patients. Methods A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases was conducted from inception to August 19, 2024. Eligible randomised trials reported recurrent stroke, cerebral emboli, and safety outcomes, including bleeding events. The meta-analysis used a random-effects model to estimate pooled risk ratios (RR) with heterogeneity assessed via I2 values. The efficacy outcome was recurrent stroke, systemic thromboembolism or myocardial infarction, whilst the safety outcome was haemorrhagic stroke, major bleeding or clinically relevant non-major bleeding. Direct communication with study teams was used to clarify outcome events where these were not reported in primary publications. Results Of 365 records screened, four trials (RE-SPECT ESUS, NAVIGATE ESUS, ATTICUS, and ARCADIA) with a total of 13,970 patients were included.(2-5) Recurrent stroke occurred in 841 patients (6%), with similar rates in the anticoagulation (5.7%) and antiplatelet (6.2%) groups (RR 0.96, CI 0.81–1.11, p=0.581, I2=21.6%). No significant reduction was observed in the composite efficacy outcome (RR 0.94, CI 0.82-1.07, p=0.335, I2=4.95%)(Figure 1). However, the composite safety outcome was significantly greater amongst patients receiving anticoagulation (RR 1.58, CI 1.20–2.07, p=0.009, I2=48.81%)(Figure 2). Clinically relevant non-major bleeding was higher in the anticoagulation group (3.0% vs. 1.9%, RR 1.56, CI 1.25–1.95, p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion(s) This meta-analysis found no significant benefit of anticoagulation over antiplatelet therapy in reducing recurrent stroke or the composite outcome of ischemic stroke, systemic thromboembolism, and myocardial infarction in ESUS patients. Anticoagulation was associated with an increased risk of bleeding, particularly clinically relevant non-major bleeding, and a significantly greater relative risk of the composite safety outcome of major bleeding, haemorrhagic stroke, and non-major bleeding. These findings highlight the need for improved patient selection to identify those ESUS patients who might benefit from anticoagulation, allowing for safer and more tailored secondary prevention strategies.
Portal Vein Obstruction in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients: An Evaluation of Self‐Reported Management Practices
2025-05-01

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Portal vein obstruction (PVO) is a known complication after pediatric liver transplantation (pLT). Effective management strategies are crucial in improving patient outcomes. This study investigated the various practice patterns related to PVO management to clarify the degree of consensus on the diverse facets of care involved in addressing PVO after pLT. Methods A self‐reported evaluation was conducted using a scanned, paper‐based survey among specialized pLT centers participating in the Portal vein Obstruction Revascularization Therapy After Liver transplantation (PORTAL) registry. The survey consisted of 30 questions covering the current practices regarding PVO, including experience, team composition, follow‐up and screening protocol, assessment criteria, postprocedural care, and radiologic follow‐up. Results The survey was returned by 25 centers (100%) from different regions worldwide. All centers used Doppler ultrasound (DUS) for PVO screening in the outpatient department. Noninvasive diagnostic criteria used during DUS assessment included anastomotic velocity (50%) and anastomotic‐to‐pre‐anastomotic velocity ratio (54%). Digital subtraction angiography was used by 79% of respondents to diagnose portal vein anastomosis stenosis, which led to diagnostic cutoff values including a narrowing of the visual aspect of the anastomosis of ≥ 50% (80%) and a pressure gradient ≥ 5 mmHg (50%). PTA was identified as a standard treatment for PVO. A remarkable heterogeneity was observed in postinterventional anticoagulation and surveillance protocols. Conclusions The care for PVO after pLT lacks standardization, resulting in substantial variation across healthcare centers. There is a need to establish a clear consensus on PVO management after pLT to guarantee optimal care. Trial Registration: NL9261.
Rescue intracranial stenting for failed mechanical thrombectomy of vertebrobasilar occlusions: a pooled analysis from the French and German national stroke registries
2025-05-02

Background Whether rescue intracranial stenting (RIS) should be performed in patients with vertebrobasilar occlusions (VBO) refractory to endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (MT) remains an open question. Methods We conducted a pooled analysis using data from two national stroke registries, the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke registry in France, and the German Stroke Registry–Endovascular Treatment. Patients with VBO who underwent RIS for failed MT, defined as a modified treatment in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score of 0 to 2a after MT, from January 2015 to December 2023 were included. The primary outcome was a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–3 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included mRS distribution and mortality at 90 days, any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Propensity score matching and inverse propensity weighting were employed to balance baseline differences. Results Among 2028 patients, 307 (15.1%) patients had MT-refractory VBO. Of these, 127 (41.4%) underwent RIS and 180 (58.6%) patients no RIS. After propensity score matching, two balanced groups were obtained: 106 patients with RIS and 99 without RIS. Patients who underwent RIS had higher odds of achieving an mRS 0–3 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27 to 9.34. P=0.014), a favorable shift across the mRS distribution (aOR 2.55 per 1-point mRS improvement, 95% CI 1.22 to 5.34; P=0.013) and lower odds of 90-day mortality (aOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.71; P=0.008). There were no significant differences in any ICH and sICH. Conclusion This registry-based study provides level 3 evidence supporting the use of RIS in patients with VBO refractory to MT. Prospective randomized trials are necessary to validate the potential benefits of RIS in this condition.
Process evaluation of a Germany-wide complex intervention to prevent dysregulated screen time in under threes: a RE-AIM-approach
2025-05-02

Background Children's current screen time is well above current recommendations and is associated with many health consequences in the first years of life. Methods The complex intervention study “Screen free till 3” introduced parent education to a regular examination of 6-month-old children in outpatient pediatric practices. Pediatric practices were cluster-randomized in a 2:1 ratio (intervention group:control group). 2,581 pediatric practices received the intervention materials by cold call and participated by self-selection. The study includes a process evaluation that examines the implementation process. In this article, four different quantitative methods of the process evaluation are evaluated according to the RE-AIM scheme. Result 33.4% of pediatric practices confirmed their participation in the study. 10,391 parents took part in the pre-interventional app-based parent survey. 151 interested institutions contacted the research team by email. The majority (84.1%) asked to take part in the study. 518 pediatric practices took part in a telephone survey, of which 87.2% said that they are supported by the intervention materials and 91.6% would recommend the project to others. Discussion The RE-AIM analysis shows a high reach of parents via the app. The high adoption by pediatric practices and other institutions characterizes the relevance of the topic as well as the innovation of the study materials. After one and a half years, the intervention is firmly integrated into the structures of pediatric practices in Germany. Trial register number https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00032258 , DRKS00032258.
Understanding the role of community membership in journalistic authority claims: a framework informed by boundary work and fan studies
2025-05-02

Abstract Digitalization and declines in news use underscore the tension between journalistic ideals of detachment and audience communities’ demands for journalistic actors’ engagement. This is enhanced by the emergence of non-traditional actors who can effectively assert journalistic authority within communities by deviating from specific traditional journalistic values. However, scholarly understanding of the role of community membership in claims of journalistic authority remains limited. To address this, we propose a theoretical framework that draws on boundary work and fan studies. This framework allows us to examine how diverse journalistic actors in a variety of communities can base their journalistic authority claims on their: (1) proximity to news sources and protagonists; (2) authenticity as perceived by the audience community; and (3) professionalism in relation to the journalistic field. Through empirical research, this framework may help us to better understand how diverse journalistic actors can claim authority while meeting communities’ diverse needs.
Training adaptations in magnetomyography
2025-05-02

Muscle strength training leads to neuromuscular adaptations that can be monitored by electromyography (EMG). In view of new technical possibilities to measure the neuromuscular system via contactless magnetomyography (MMG) using miniaturized quantum sensors (optically pumped magnetometer, OPM), the question arises whether MMG detects similar neuromuscular adaptations compared to EMG. Therefore, we developed an experimental design and a multimodal setup for the simultaneous measurement of EMG, triaxial OPM-MMG, and vigorimetry. As a proof of concept, right biceps brachii muscle activity was recorded during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and a 40 % MVC muscle fatigue paradigm over 3 min in 12 healthy, untrained subjects. Measurements were taken before and after a 30-day strength training program, with six subjects undergoing training and six serving as controls. EMG and MMG showed a similar increase in RMS during MVC and fatigue after training (r > 0.9). However, the MMG increase varied by vector component, with the magnetic flux signal along the muscle fibers showing the highest RMS increase. Furthermore, these MMG findings can be visualized three-dimensionally using one OPM, which is not possible with bipolar EMG. This is the first longitudinal MMG study to demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring strength training-induced adaptations over 4 weeks, which highlights the opportunities and challenges of OPM-MMG for contactless neuromuscular monitoring.
Optimizing stroke lesion segmentation: A dual-approach using Gaussian mixture models and nnU-Net
2025-05-02

Machine learning-based stroke lesion segmentation models are widely used in biomedical imaging, but their ability to detect treatment effects remains largely unexplored. Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) and nnU-Net are among the most prominent and well-established segmentation workflows. GMM has been widely used for probabilistic tissue classification for decades, while nnU-Net has established itself as a leading deep learning framework for biomedical image segmentation, with hundreds of applications in preclinical and clinical research. Despite their widespread adoption, these methods are typically evaluated using segmentation metrics alone, without assessing their reliability in detecting therapy-induced changes - a critical factor for translational research and clinical decision-making. In this study, we systematically evaluate GMM and nnU-Net to determine their effectiveness in identifying therapy-related changes in stroke volume. Both methods demonstrate strong segmentation performance; however, nnU-Net trained solely on manual segmentations fails to detect significant therapy-induced stroke volume reductions, leading to false negative study outcomes despite achieving excellent segmentation metrics. This limitation is particularly relevant given the increasing integration of nnU-Net into biomedical research, multi-center trials and clinical workflows. To further investigate this issue, we evaluated nnU-Net trained with GMM-derived ground truth (GT) labels and observed that it more accurately detected therapy response compared to training with Manual-GT. These results illustrate how different GT definitions can influence model performance in therapy assessment. While the integration of probabilistic methods with deep learning has been previously described, our results demonstrate its practical impact in a controlled experimental setting. By systematically evaluating two widely used segmentation methods under therapy conditions, this study highlights the importance of considering therapy detection as a key evaluation criterion, rather than relying solely on segmentation accuracy.
Interdependence of plasma membrane nanoscale dynamics of a kinase and its cognate substrate underlies Arabidopsis response to viral infection
2025-05-02

Plant viruses represent a risk to agricultural production and as only a few treatments exist, it is urgent to identify resistance mechanisms and factors. In plant immunity, plasma membrane (PM)-localized proteins play an essential role in sensing the extracellular threat presented by bacteria, fungi, or herbivores. Viruses are intracellular pathogens and as such the role of the plant PM in detection and resistance against viruses is often overlooked. We investigated the role of the partially PM-bound Calcium-dependent protein kinase 3 (CPK3) in viral infection and we discovered that it displayed a specific ability to hamper viral propagation over CPK isoforms that are involved in immune response to extracellular pathogens. More and more evidence supports that the lateral organization of PM proteins and lipids underlies signal transduction in plants. We showed here that CPK3 diffusion in the PM is reduced upon activation as well as upon viral infection and that such immobilization depended on its substrate, Remorin (REM1.2), a scaffold protein. Furthermore, we discovered that the viral infection induced a CPK3-dependent increase of REM1.2 PM diffusion. Such interdependence was also observable regarding viral propagation. This study unveils a complex relationship between a kinase and its substrate that contrasts with the commonly described co-stabilisation upon activation while it proposes a PM-based mechanism involved in decreased sensitivity to viral infection in plants.
Strong Association of Perceived Chronic Stress with Leadership Quality, Work–Privacy Conflict and Quantitative Work Demands: Results of the IMPROVEjob Study
2025-05-03

The health of primary care professionals is crucial for the health of populations. A lower number of general practitioners per 1000 patients correlates with higher patient mortality. Challenging work demands, work–privacy conflict, and poor leadership quality are associated with higher perceived chronic stress and/or burnout in physician populations. However, studies investigating the influence of all three factors in a single quantitative model are lacking. This study analysed the associations between the mentioned parameters and perceived chronic stress among general practice personnel based on baseline data of the cluster-randomized IMPROVEjob study. It comprised 60 German general practices with 366 participants (84 general practice leaders, 28 employed physicians, 254 practice assistants). Perceived chronic stress (TICS-SSCS), leadership quality (LMX-7, FIF), work–privacy conflict (COPSOQ), and quantitative and emotional work demands (COPSOQ) were measured with validated questionnaires. The factors associated with lower perceived chronic stress were identified using a multilevel regression model approach. The model showed a significant association with less work–privacy conflict (p &lt; 0.001, β = 0.31), lower quantitative work demands (p &lt; 0.001, β = 0.28), and good leadership quality (p &lt; 0.001, β = −0.22). Especially transformational leadership with the dimension ‘innovation of the leader’ was associated with lower perceived chronic stress. The data support the importance of high-quality leadership as a protective factor for perceived chronic stress among general practice personnel, which needs to be considered in future leadership interventions in this setting.
Bridging neuro-biomarkers and MR imaging: The synergistic role of glial fibrillary acidic protein in early CNS disease diagnosis
2025-05-03

Molecular neuroimaging is a powerful and emerging tool for the early detection and monitoring of central nervous system (CNS)-related and neurodegenerative diseases. Biomarkers play a crucial role in diagnostic accuracy, prognosis, and treatment efficacy. Among these, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), a cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein, serves as a key indicator of astrocytic activation and neuroaxonal injury. Elevated levels of GFAP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood-based samples (serum/plasma) are increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers for neurodegeneration and CNS pathology. Advanced molecular imaging techniques, including Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI), along with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), provide visual scoring, local morphometry, and volumetric analysis. Therefore, integrating GFAP with neuroimaging modalities offers the potential to improve disease characterization, allowing for accurate spatial mapping of neurodegeneration and monitoring of disease progression at a molecular level. The relationship between MRI and GFAP is currently under evaluation. This review explores the interplay between GFAP and molecular neuroimaging, highlighting their combined potential to enhance early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of CNS disorders.
Content Validity of Creativity Self‐Report Questionnaires From PISA 2022
2025-05-05

ABSTRACT The present paper questions the content validity of the eight creativity‐related self‐report scales available in PISA 2022's context questionnaire and provides a set of considerations for researchers interested in using these indexes. Specifically, we point out some threats to the content validity of these scales (e.g., creative thinking self‐efficacy , creativity, and openness to intellect ) including ambiguity in construct and content definition, construct underrepresentation, or item overlaps between constructs. We then discuss content validity from a theoretical angle, outlining how important is the clarity of content domain definition and corresponding test content, to avoid possible jingle‐jangle fallacies in the item sets (e.g., overlap between same/similar items attributed to different constructs) which undermine the utility of resulting scores. We also present approaches for empirically quantifying content validity. In all, this paper calls for a cautious use and interpretation of creativity self‐report data in PISA 2022 as it stands. It provides guidance for further examination of the content validity of the creativity‐related self‐report scales in PISA 2022. Such future efforts are necessary to enhance the validity of inferences made from these self‐report scale scores, to optimize their comparability across different research teams and nations, toward a more generalizable use in creativity and education research.
Large language models outperform humans in identifying neuromyths but show sycophantic behavior in applied contexts
2025-05-06

While LLMs outperformed humans at identifying isolated neuromyth statements, they struggled to hint users towards the same misconception when they were included in more applied user-like questions-presumably due to LLMs' tendency toward sycophantic responses. This limitation suggests that, despite their potential, LLMs are not yet a reliable safeguard against the spread of neuromyths in educational settings. However, when users explicitly prompt LLMs to correct unsupported assumptions-an approach that may initially seem counterintuitive-this effectively reduced sycophantic responses.
Behavior-Specific Computations in the Vertebrate Retina
2025-05-06

Since Lettvin and colleagues’ seminal discovery of bug detector neurons in the frog retina, understanding how retinal circuits support behavioral demands has been a central goal of visual neuroscience. Recent advances in machine learning, genetic tools, and neural recording have transformed our understanding of these circuits, particularly in the mouse retina. With a focus on mice, we examine how species-specific visual sampling strategies determine the behavioral relevance of retinal computations and review recent insights into circuits underlying reflexive behaviors, threat detection, prey capture, color vision, and night vision. We also highlight how the behavioral state itself influences retinal processing through direct neuromodulation and pupillary changes, challenging the traditional view of purely feedforward retinal processing in mammals. These findings confirm the retina as a sophisticated computational engine whose circuits have evolved to meet species-specific behavioral demands. While Lettvin's discovery of dedicated retinal circuits for innate behaviors launched the field, new tools now promise to expand our understanding of retinal contributions to naturalistic and flexible behaviors across species.