julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Min-$k$-planar Drawings of Graphs
2024-01-01

The study of nonplanar drawings of graphs with restricted crossing configurations is a well-established topic in graph drawing, often referred to as beyond-planar graph drawing. One of the most studied types of drawings in this area are the k-planar drawings (k ≥ 1), where each edge cannot cross more than k times. We generalize k-planar drawings, by introducing the new family of min-k-planar drawings. In a min-k-planar drawing edges can cross an arbitrary number of times, but for any two crossing edges, one of the two must have no more than k crossings. We prove a general upper bound on the number of edges of min-k-planar drawings, a finer upper bound for k = 3, and tight upper bounds for k = 1, 2. Also, we study the inclusion relations between min-k-planar graphs (i.e., graphs admitting min-k-planar drawings) and k-planar graphs. In our setting, we only allow simple drawings, that is, any two edges cross at most once, no two adjacent edges cross, and no three edges intersect at a common point.
Germaborene reactivity study – addition of carbon nucleophiles, cycloaddition reactions, coordination chemistry
2024-01-01

Germaborene chemistry is presented: halide substitution by carbon nucleophiles, Cp*Al insertion into the B–Br bond, cycloaddition of CO 2 , dimethylbutadiene and selenium and coordination of CuBr, AuCl and Fe(CO) 4 fragments at the BGe double bond.
The Will to Being and the Cult of Sisyphus
2024-01-01

The story of Sisyphus has been obscured by modern interpretations, such as Albert Camus' famous Myth of Sisyphus, where Sisyphus' turmoil is too easily dismissed, as we are urged to 'imagine Sisyphus happy'. My argument is that Sisyphus is not an 'absurd hero', but rather a failed hero and even a failed philosopher, for he was once called 'the wise one'. His attempt at overcoming death resulted in him getting punished by the gods to toil aimlessly forever, so that he'd be completely absorbed by the task at hand, no longer having the leisure to try to evade death. I couple this myth with Plato's argument from Theaetetus 175e-176b, according to which the philosopher is a man 'brought up in freedom and leisure', as well as the 'leaky vessel' analogy from Gorgias in order to ignite a discussion about the lack of leisure (schole) and its implications in pursuing immortality.
The Philosopher Who Stole the Heavens: The Immortal Hero and the Challenge of the Eternal
2024-01-01

Building upon the distinction between philo-sophos an d philo-zophos, I offer a reinterpretation of the Allegory of the Cave, which will unearth hidden meaning not just in the Republic, but in all of Plato's dialogues. The clash between the philo-sophos and the philo-zophoi will be illustrated as a clash between a Time-bound ontology and a Being-centered ontology.In the second half of this chapter, I focus on Plato's method of reaching out of the 'cave' and grasping the realm of the unchanging, eternal Being, while paralleling paideia with Heidegger's urge for 'un-learning' and 'learning'. This endeavor will bring Plato's philosophical project and Heidegger's later account of 'thinking' closer together.
Philosophy as time-towards-Eternity
2024-01-01

In this concluding chapter I turn back to Theaetetus 176a-b, where Plato urges us to evade earth and become God-like. I reinforce this Platonic idea by appropriating Hesiod's myth of Cronus from Theogony to build an analogy for philosophy as time-towards-Eternity. It is in Plato's philosophy that learning is best tied to death, since the inevitability of death is a matter that is tackled through feeding the immortal part of the soul, as argued in Timaeus 90c. Paideia can thus be rendered a 'a discipline of overcoming death', and a discipline of 'deliverance and purification' where the philosophical and religious ideals are reconciled.
Caught Between Becoming and Being
2024-01-01

Nietzsche called himself an 'inverted Platonist', and diligently worked to 'drag' Being back into the realm of becoming. Thus, in this chapter I address Nietzsche's inversion of Platonism, according to which Eternity is an imitation or hyperbole of Time, as well as I tackle the issue of heroism through Nietzschean lenses. In doing so, I intend to explore the alternative to both the heroic solution and the Platonic solution to immortality, while trying to cycle back to Plato's solution through Diotima's speech from Symposium. Subsequently, I devise a myth, 'The Allegory of the Stone-Pushers', where I bring together the main elements composing the ontology of the philo-zophoi, underlining the deep existential crisis of the ones whose immortality project is bound to fail. I argue that this interpretation not only uncovers the existential turmoil present in the ancient Greek culture, but even more than that, it is representative of the human condition.
Distinct neural networks of task engagement and choice response in moral, risky, and ambiguous decision-making: An ALE meta-analysis
2024-01-01

Abstract Moral, risky, and ambiguous decision-making are likely to be characterized by common and distinct cognitive processes and thus show partly overlapping neural correlates. Previously, two different analysis approaches have been used to assess the neural correlates in all three domains: (a) comparing general engagement in an experimental task versus a control task (task engagement) or (b) comparing actual opposite choices made during the experimental task (choice response). Several coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses were performed to delineate consistent activations across experiments of the two analysis categories and the different decision-making domains. Our results show that task engagement and choice response capture different aspects of salience network involvement and reward-related striatum processing during decision-making. When assessing domains separately, we discovered that moral cues are processed in a multi-modal social cognition network, while risk and ambiguity require engagement of the salience and the frontoparietal attention networks. This is the first meta-analysis to disentangle the two analysis approaches yielding new insight into common and distinct neural correlates of different kinds of decision-making.
The AMATUS Dataset: Arithmetic Performance, Mathematics Anxiety and Attitudes in Primary School Teachers and University Students
2024-01-01

Although the mathematics anxiety-performance link has been extensively studied, its interplay with other emotional and attitude constructs is still unclear. The present dataset includes measures of mathematics anxiety and arithmetic performance alongside different types of anxiety (i.e., state, test, general anxiety and neuroticism), attitudes towards mathematics (i.e., mathematics self-concept, mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics-gender stereotype endorsement), and math-unrelated constructs among university students (<i>N</i> = 848) and primary school teachers (<i>N</i> = 258) from Germany and Belgium. The data is accessible in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/gszpb/).
Acetylomics reveals an extensive acetylation diversity within Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2024-01-01

Abstract Bacteria employ a myriad of regulatory mechanisms to adapt to the continuously changing environments that they face. They can, for example, use post-translational modifications, such as Nε-lysine acetylation, to alter enzyme activity. Although a lot of progress has been made, the extent and role of lysine acetylation in many bacterial strains remains uncharted. Here, we applied stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) in combination with the immunoprecipitation of acetylated peptides and LC-MS/MS to measure the first Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 acetylome, revealing 1076 unique acetylation sites in 508 proteins. Next, we assessed interstrain acetylome differences within P. aeruginosa by comparing our PAO1 acetylome with two publicly available PA14 acetylomes, and postulate that the overall acetylation patterns are not driven by strain-specific factors. In addition, the comparison of the P. aeruginosa acetylome to 30 other bacterial acetylomes revealed that a high percentage of transcription related proteins are acetylated in the majority of bacterial species. This conservation could help prioritize the characterization of functional consequences of individual acetylation sites.
Living in the Big Pond: Adding the Neighborhood as a Frame of Reference for Academic Self-Concept Formation
2024-01-01

Research on the big-fish-little-pond effect demonstrates that class-average achievement negatively affects students’ academic self-concept via social comparison processes. The neighborhood-effects literature reports positive effects of advantageous socioeconomic neighborhood conditions on students’ academic development via collective socialization mechanisms. To investigate how socioeconomic neighborhood conditions affect academic self-concept, we separately and simultaneously analyzed classroom- and neighborhood-level composition effects on students’ academic self-concept, using two samples drawn from two grade levels ([Formula: see text] = 3,906, [Formula: see text] = 3,277). Analyses of the neighborhood level only indicate that socioeconomic neighborhood conditions negatively predict general, math, and German self-concept in Grade 5. In Grade 9, this holds only for math self-concept. In simultaneous analyses including classrooms and neighborhoods, socioeconomically advantageous neighborhood conditions negatively predicted general and math self-concept in Grade 5.
Viral capsid structural assembly governs the reovirus binding interface to NgR1
2024-01-01

We reveal how viral capsid protein organization and curvature critically influence the stability of reovirus–NgR1 interactions, with distinct differences observed between single proteins, 2D assemblies, and 3D viral particles.
Efficient synthesis of an unsupported aryl substituted iminoborane chain (HNArBH)2NAr (Ar = [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)
2024-01-01

The reaction of 2-aminobiphenyl ArNH 2 with triethylamine borane (Et 3 NBH 3 ) at 165 °C, about 40 °C lower temperature than that used for borazine synthesis, gives a linear HArN-BH-NAr-BH-NArH chain in good yield (57%).
Dialogic teaching practices and student performance in mathematics in Asian countries
2024-01-01

&lt;p&gt;Improving the mathematics performance of school children is an objective for many policy-makers around the world. Student-centered interactive pedagogies like classroom discussions and other dialogic interaction practices have been considered the best practice to engage learners effectively in the learning process. However, dialogic teaching practices are least used in most Asian countries that on average achieve the highest mathematics scores in international assessments. Based on this conundrum, this paper utilized a large-scale education dataset for five Asian countries, namely the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) dataset for learner data from Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, Korea, Malaysia, and Singapore to examine the relationship between dialogic classroom interaction teaching practices and the mathematics performance of 8th-grade learners. Using a within-learner-between-subject estimation strategy to account for endogeneity, we established that learners who are taught more frequently through dialogic interactive teaching practices in mathematics classes achieve higher mathematics scores. Our results confirm that interactive pedagogies do provide learning benefits, even in countries that use them sparingly. Thus, our findings challenge the held assumption that the efficacy of dialogic classroom interaction practices is context and learning culture specific. Nevertheless, our study also shows that the highly endogenous nature of the teaching and learning environment and learner performance limits the ability of any study that uses observational data to establish the true impact of dialogic practices on learner mathematics performance.&lt;/p&gt;
Bayesian evidence for the neural dissociation between finger and hand imitation skills
2024-01-01

Abstract For limb apraxia—a heterogeneous disorder of higher motor cognition following stroke—an enduring debate has arisen regarding the existence of dissociating neural correlates for finger and hand gestures in the left hemisphere. We re-assessed this question asking whether previous attempts analyzing pooled samples of patients with deficits in only one and patients with deficits in both imitation types might have led to systematically biased results. We conducted frequentist and Bayesian, voxelwise, and regionwise lesion symptom mappings on (i) the full sample (N = 96) in which all patients with hand and/or finger imitation apraxia as well as without apraxia were included and (ii) three sub-samples, which excluded those patients from the full sample showing isolated hand imitation deficits, isolated finger imitation deficits or shared (finger and hand) imitation deficits. Anatomical analyses revealed a cortical dissociation of finger imitation deficits (located more anteriorly) and of hand imitation deficits (located more posteriorly). The presence of patients with shared deficits did, indeed, dilute associations that appeared stronger in the respective isolated samples. Also, brain regions truly associated with hand imitation deficits showed a positive bias for finger imitation deficits, when the sample contained patients with shared deficits. In addition, our frequentist parameters uncovered that some of our Bayesian evidence supported reverse associations (damage protecting from rather than increasing the deficit). Anatomo-behavioral analyses that analyze patients with shared (hand and finger) and isolated (hand or finger) imitation deficits together in one sample do, indeed, lead to undesirable biases. This explains why some earlier studies failed to detect the apparent neural dissociation between hand and finger imitation deficits.
The spine-brain axis: is spinal anatomy associated with brain volume?
2024-01-01

Abstract First small sample studies indicate that disturbances of spinal morphology may impair craniospinal flow of cerebrospinal fluid and result in neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of cervical spinal canal width and scoliosis with grey matter, white matter, ventricular and white matter hyperintensity volumes of the brain in a large study sample. Four hundred participants underwent whole-body 3 T magnetic resonance imaging. Grey matter, white matter and ventricular volumes were quantified using a warp-based automated brain volumetric approach. Spinal canal diameters were measured manually at the cervical vertebrae 2/3 level. Scoliosis was evaluated using manual measurements of the Cobb angle. Linear binomial regression analyses of measures of brain volumes and spine anatomy were performed while adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, cholesterol levels, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption. Three hundred eighty-three participants were included [57% male; age: 56.3 (±9.2) years]. After adjustment, smaller spinal canal width at the cervical vertebrae 2/3 level was associated with lower grey matter (P = 0.034), lower white matter (P = 0.012) and higher ventricular (P = 0.006, inverse association) volume. Participants with scoliosis had lower grey matter (P = 0.005), lower white matter (P = 0.011) and larger brain ventricular (P = 0.003) volumes than participants without scoliosis. However, these associations were attenuated after adjustment. Spinal canal width at the cervical vertebrae 2/3 level and scoliosis were not associated with white matter hyperintensity volume before and after adjustment (P &amp;gt; 0.864). In our study, cohort smaller spinal canal width at the cervical vertebrae 2/3 level and scoliosis were associated with lower grey and white matter volumes and larger ventricle size. These characteristics of the spine might constitute independent risk factors for neurodegeneration.
Segment-Encoded Explicit Trees (SEETs) for Stateless Multicast: P4-Based Implementation and Performance Study
2024-01-01

IP multicast (IPMC) is used to efficiently distribute one-to-many traffic within networks. It requires per-group state in core nodes and results in large signaling overhead when multicast groups change. Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) and its tree engineering variant BIER-TE have been introduced as a stateless transport mechanism for IPMC. To utilize BIER or BIER-TE in a large domain, domains need to be subdivided into smaller sets of receivers or smaller connected subdomains, respectively. Sending traffic to receivers in different sets or subdomains necessarily implies sending multiple packets. While efficient algorithms exist to compute sets for BIER, algorithms for computing BIER-TE subdomains are still missing. In this paper, we present a novel stateless tree encoding mechanism called Segment-Encoded Explicit Tree (SEET). It encodes an explicit multicast distribution tree within a packet header so that tree engineering is supported and sets or subdomains are not needed for large domains. SEET is designed to be implementable on low-cost switching ASICs which we underline by a prototype for the Intel Tofino&#x2122;. If explicit distribution trees are too large to be accommodated within a single header, multiple packets with different distribution trees are sent. For this purpose, we suggest an effective optimization heuristic. A comprehensive study compares the number of sent packets and resulting overall traffic for SEET and BIER in large domains. In our experiments, SEET outperforms BIER even for large multicast groups with up to 1024 receivers.
The influence of intentions on dream content
2024-01-01

Abstract Study Objectives The “Zeigarnik effect” refers to the phenomenon where future intentions are remembered effectively only as long as they are not executed. This study investigates whether these intentions, which remain active during sleep, influence dream content. Methods After an adaptation night, each of the 19 participants (10 women and 9 men) received three different task plans in the evening before the experimental night, each describing how to perform specific tasks. One of the task plans (completed) was then to be executed before the sleep period, another task (uncompleted) was told to be executed in the next morning, and on the third task (interrupted) participants were interrupted during the enactment before sleep and told to resume it the next morning. Polysomnography and multiple awakenings were conducted, resulting in 86 dream reports, 36 in NREM stage 2, and 50 in rapid eye movement sleep. After a traditional rating-based analysis of dream reports yielded inconsistent results, we analyzed the reports using a transformer-based assessment of dream incorporation, which quantified the semantic similarity between the dreams and pre-sleep tasks. Results The number of dreams showing above-criterion similarity to the respective task was significantly lower for the completed than the uncompleted or interrupted tasks (p &amp;lt; .05, χ2 test). This pattern was confirmed through a forced choice approach, where—based on the similarity of single sentences of the dream reports—each dream report was allocated to one of the three task plans (p &amp;lt; 0.01, one-tailed χ2 test). Conclusions Active intentions increase the likelihood of dream content being semantically similar to these intentions.
Dustin M. Neighbors, Lars Cyril Nørgaard, Elena Woodacre (eds), Notions of Privacy at Early Modern European Courts. Reassessing the Public and Private Divide, 1400–1800. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2024, 304 pp. ISBN 9789463720076.
2024-01-01

The field of privacy studies, dating back to the 1970s, has experienced a remarkable resurgence in recent years. No doubt fueled by contemporary concerns over data protection, surveillance techniques, and social media’s impact on the publicity of private life, scholars have taken a renewed interest in not just privacy’s relation to ongoing technological developments, but also to historical notions of privacy. This new historiography, of which this edited volume is a part, is engaging critica...
Nf-Root: A Best-Practice Pipeline for Deep-Learning-Based Analysis of Apoplastic pH in Microscopy Images of Developmental Zones in Plant Root Tissue
2024-01-01

Abstract Hormonal mechanisms associated with cell elongation play a vital role in the development and growth of plants. Here, we report Nextflow-root (nf-root), a novel best-practice pipeline for deep-learning-based analysis of fluorescence microscopy images of plant root tissue from A. thaliana. This bioinformatics pipeline performs automatic identification of developmental zones in root tissue images. This also includes apoplastic pH measurements, which is useful for modeling hormone signaling and cell physiological responses. We show that this nf-core standard-based pipeline successfully automates tissue zone segmentation and is both high-throughput and highly reproducible. In short, a deep-learning module deploys deterministically trained convolutional neural network models and augments the segmentation predictions with measures of prediction uncertainty and model interpretability, while aiming to facilitate result interpretation and verification by experienced plant biologists. We observed a high statistical similarity between the manually generated results and the output of the nf-root.
From Texts on Walls to Walls of Text: The Layout of Late Antique Greek Documents Inscribed on Architecture
2024-01-01

Late Roman documents inscribed in Greek on wall space in Asia Minor look surprisingly different from earlier Greek documentary inscriptions also inscribed on walls, which were often carved with the text subdivided into neat and orderly columns. By contrast, some late antique documents were carved in continuous lines stretching for metres, and they incorporate disparate visual features, such as kalends dates in Latin cursive letters. Rather than assume that such mise en page and visual characteristics represent the “decline” of classical epigraphic traditions, I trace the dissolution of the older, columnar formatting in documentary inscriptions on architectural wall space and the development of new layouts in Asia Minor, beginning in the Roman imperial period and accelerating in Late Antiquity. I argue that the aesthetic change can be summarized as follows: earlier Greek and Roman inscriptions appear as “texts on walls,” that is, discrete columns of texts written upon a pre-existing wall space. In the late Roman period, inscriptions fill up larger wall spaces without division, transforming these architectural surfaces into “walls of text.” These late antique inscribed documents become visually inseparable from their architectural writing bearers, acting as an “inscribed skin” and adding texture to the buildings. In some cases (e.g. Hagios Polyeuktos in Constantinople), architects or building teams clearly planned space for inscriptions early in the construction process. These changes correspond with the wider aestheticization of inscriptions in the late Roman period.