julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
The impact of patient narratives on medical students’ perceptions of shared decision making: A randomized controlled trial
2021-01-01

Successful shared decision making (SDM) in clinical practice requires that future clinicians learn to appreciate the value of patient participation as early as they can in their medical training. Narratives, such as patient testimonials, have been successfully used to support patients' decision-making process. Previous research suggests that narratives may also be used for increasing clinicians' empathy and responsiveness in medical consultations. However, so far, no studies have investigated the benefits of narratives for conveying the relevance of SDM to medical students. In this randomized controlled experiment, N = 167 medical students were put into a scenario where they prepared for medical consultation with a patient having Parkinson disease. After receiving general information, participants read either a narrative testimonial of a Parkinson patient or a fact-based information text. We measured their perceptions of SDM, their control preferences (i.e., their priorities as to who should make the decision), and the time they intended to spend for the consultation. Participants in the narrative patient testimonial condition referred more strongly to the patient as the one who should make decisions than participants who read the information text. Participants who read the patient narrative also considered SDM in situations with several equivalent treatment options to be more important than participants in the information text condition. There were no group differences regarding their control preferences. Participants who read the patient testimonial indicated that they would schedule more time for the consultation. These findings show that narratives can potentially be useful for imparting the relevance of SDM and patient-centered values to medical students. We discuss possible causes of this effect and implications for training and future research. <b>Trial registration</b>: The study was pre-registered on the pre-registration platform <i>AsPredicted</i> (aspredicted.org) before data collection began (registration number: #29,342). Date of registration: 17 October 2019.
Automatic Detection of Volcanic Unrest Using Blind Source Separation With a Minimum Spanning Tree Based Stability Analysis
2021-01-01

Repeated synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisitions can be utilized to produce measurements of ground deformations and associated geohazards, such as it can be used to detect signs of volcanic unrest. Existing time series algorithms like permanent scatterer analysis and small baseline subset are computationally demanding and cannot be applied in near real time to detect subtle, transient, and precursory deformations. To overcome this problem, we have adapted a minimum spanning tree based spatial independent component analysis method to automatically detect sources related to volcanic unrest from a time series of differential interferograms. For a synthetic dataset, we first utilize the algorithm's capability to isolate signals of geophysical interest from atmospheric artifacts, topography, and other noise signals, before monitoring the evolution of these signals through time in order to detect the onset of a period of volcanic unrest, in near real time. In this article, we first demonstrate our approach on synthetic datasets having different signal strengths and temporal complexities. Second, we demonstrate our approach on a couple of real datasets, one acquired in 2017-2019 over the Colima volcano, Mexico, showing the occurrence of previously unrecognized short-term deformation events and the other over Mt. Thorbjorn in Iceland acquired over 2020. This shows the strength of the deep learning application to differential interferometric SAR measurements, and highlights that deformation events occurring without eruptions, which may have previously been undetected.
Wildfires in the Campanian of James Ross Island: a new macro-charcoal record for the Antarctic Peninsula
2021-01-01

The Cretaceous “high-fire” period was a global event that reached almost all continental masses during that period in Earth’s history. The extensive wildfires directly affected plant communities. Significant palaeobotanical records in the Antarctic Peninsula have been studied from the James Ross Sub-Basin, especially from the Santa Marta Formation. However, there is no described evidence for palaeo-wildfires in the area so far. Here, we present the first occurrence of fossilized macro-charcoal coming from James Ross Island, confirming that palaeo-wildfires occurred in the Campanian vegetation preserved in the Santa Marta Formation. The new charcoal material has a gymnospermous taxonomic affinity, more specifically with the Araucariaceae, which is in accordance with previous palaeobotanical records from James Ross Island. This occurrence adds new information to the construction of the palaeo-wildfire scenario for Gondwana.
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Prosopis tamarugo (Prosopis, Leguminosae), an endangered endemic tree species from the Atacama Desert
2021-01-01

Prosopis tamarugo (Prosopis, Sect. Strombocarpa) is an important endangered tree species from the Atacama Desert (Chile). However, this species requires urgent conservation measures, for which it is necessary to evaluate their genetic diversity. Here, we present the characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of P. tamarugo; the first complete chloroplast of a species from the Strombocarpa section, obtained by next generation sequencing (NGS) methods. The complete chloroplast contains 161,575 bp and a total of 129 genes. A phylogenetic analysis of four Prosopis plastomes revealed that P. tamarugo is a sister species of the other Prosopis species albeit having smaller chloroplast sequence compared to those of other Prosopis species. Nine DNAcp markers were detected to distinguish between haplotypes. Therefore, the chloroplast sequence of P. tamarugo could be highly valuable for upcoming phylogenetic studies.
Triage 4.0: On Death Algorithms and Technological Selection. Is Today’s Data- Driven Medical System Still Compatible with the Constitution?
2021-01-01

Health data bear great promises for a healthier and happier life, but they also make us vulnerable. Making use of millions or billions of data points, Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are now creating new benefits. For sure, harvesting Big Data can have great potentials for the health system, too. It can support accurate diagnoses, better treatments and greater cost effectiveness. However, it can also have undesirable implications, often in the sense of undesired side effects, which may in fact be terrible. Examples for this, as discussed in this article, are discrimination, the mechanisation of death, and genetic, social, behavioural or technological selection, which may imply eugenic effects or social Darwinism. As many unintended effects become visible only after years, we still lack sufficient criteria, long-term experience and advanced methods to reliably exclude that things may go terribly wrong. Handing over decision-making, responsibility or control to machines, could be dangerous and irresponsible. It would also be in serious conflict with human rights and our constitution.
Longitudinal Associations Between Parenting and Child Big Five Personality Traits
2021-01-01

The goal of this research was to explore the relationships between four parenting dimensions (academic involvement, structure, cultural stimulation, and goals) and child personality development. Many theories, such as social learning, attachment theory, and the psychological resources principle assume that parenting practices influence child personality development. Most of past research on the associations between parenting and child Big Five traits specifically has used cross-sectional data. The few longitudinal studies that examined these associations found small relations between parenting and child personality. We extended this research by examining the long-term relations between four underexplored parenting dimensions and child Big Five personality traits using bivariate latent growth models in a large longitudinal dataset (N = 3,880). Results from growth models revealed a preponderance of null relations between these parenting measures and child personality, especially between changes in parenting and changes in child personality. In general, the observed associations between parenting and child Big Five personality were comparable in magnitude to the association between factors such as SES and birth order, and child personality—that is, small. The small associations between environmental factors and personality suggest that personality development in childhood and adolescence may be driven by multiple factors, each of which makes a small contribution.
Identification and biological characteristics of clear cell renal cell carcinoma associated urine-derived stem cells.
2021-01-01

Urine-derived stem cells (USC) are isolated from voided urine and have demonstrated potential for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common urological malignancy that originates in the kidney. Since USC also originate in the kidney, the objective of this study was to investigate any biological differences between USC isolated from healthy patients and those isolated from ccRCC patients (rc-USC). We found that USC can be isolated from the voided urine of ccRCC patients (rc-USC) and have a morphology and function similar to those isolated from healthy donors. However, the rc-USC showed greater proliferation and invasion capacity than USC, and possessed some features of cancer cells; but the rc-UC were not able to form xenografts when implanted <i>in vivo</i>. We further performed RNA sequencing of rc-USC and USC and found several differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs; however subsequent GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed few pathway differences between these cells. Bioinformatic analyses and RT-PCR showed the expression of several known ccRCC-related genes in rc-USC expressed, as compared to USC derived from healthy donors. This study demonstrates that rc-USC displayed several cellular and genetic features of ccRCC cells, which suggests that this population of cells could provide a non-invasive approach for for the diagnosis, predication, disease modeling and therapeutic strategies targeting ccRCC.
Value of HSP90α in Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Recurrence Prediction: A Cohort Study
2021-01-01

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Purpose:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; In the current study, we tried to analyze the diagnostic value of HSP90α expression during the course of disease in patients treated with and without surgery. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Three hundred and twelve patients with lung cancer who referred to Qinhuangdao First Hospital from June 2016 to March 2021 were selected as the experimental group and 160 healthy individuals subjected as the control group in this cohort study. The ELISA method was used to detect the expression level of plasma HSP90α. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We observed significant differences in the level of HSP90α in pathologic type, differentiation degree, stage, and presence of lung, liver, and bone metastasis; HSP90α was significantly higher in non-small cell lung carcinoma in comparison with small cell lung carcinoma, especially in lung adenocarcinoma. Our results demonstrated that HSP90α at 71.45 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 66.3% and a specificity of 95.0% for diagnosing lung cancer. Also, we observed that the HSP90α expression was significantly increased prior to lung cancer relapse in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy and surgery. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Serum level of plasma HSP90α could be a reliable biomarker in diagnosing lung cancer and its subtypes and might be a valid biomarker for predicting lung cancer relapse in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy and surgery.
The Potential as New Treatment Agent of Urolithin-A Metabolized from Ellagic Acid by Gut Microbiota in Cancer
2021-01-01

Cancer is the leading cause of death in Japan. Cancer is treated by multidisciplinary therapy such as surgery, chemotherapy, molecular target therapy and radiotherapy. However, almost of advanced cancer relapse after treatment. The relapsed cancer acquires resistance to the therapeutic agents we already used. The prognosis of relapsed cancer is very poor. Therefore, new treatment agents are needed urgently. In recent years metabolites derived from natural foods are focused as new therapeutic agents of cancer diseases. The metabolites are expected to cause less side effect than chemotherapy and have same effect as chemotherapy to cancer. Furthermore therapeutic agents from natural foods are Ellagic acid is metabolite derived from nuts, berries, and pomegranates. Ellagic acid is known to have anticancer effects, due to affecting apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation. Some of metabolites from ellagic acid also have anticancer effect. Urolithins are gut derived bacterial metabolites from ellagic acid. Many articles reported that Urolithin-A has anticancer effect for many cancers. Urolithin-A was reported to regulate p53 protein, caspase 3, caspase 7, AKT, aromatase and PARP in some cancers. Actin polymerization is regulated via Rac1 pathway by Urolithin-A in endometrial cancer. Furthermore, proliferation of many cancer cell lines is suppressed by UA. Safety of UA was investigated by using Rat model. The article suggested Urolithin-A has less genotoxicity compared with cyclophosphamide. Thus, Urolithin-A might be able to have a role as new treatment agent to cancer.
One Program Fits All? Patterns and Outcomes of Professional Development During a Large-Scale Reform in a High-Stakes Science Curriculum
2021-01-01

When translating large-scale policy changes into educational practice, classroom-level implementation is crucial and dependent on teachers’ capabilities. Most research underscores the importance of professional development (PD) as a proximal factor to achieve educational change. Connected to the recent Advanced Placement (AP) science examination reform, this large-scale quantitative study (N Teachers = 9,096; N Students = 197,589) investigates teacher participation in different PD formats (i.e., face-to-face, online, materials) and their associations with teacher- and student-level outcomes. We found that teacher characteristics (e.g., gender and administrative support) were associated with the choice of the PD format. We also found AP subscore differences between students of teachers who participated in different PD formats. Furthermore, teachers who participated in formal PD activities tended to report higher challenges with the AP reform. Thus, this study encourages PD providers to implement changes alongside a variety of PD programs to account for the potential differential benefits for teachers.
Sleep and circadian phenotype in people without cone-mediated vision: a case series of fiveCNGB3and twoCNGA3patients
2021-01-01

Abstract Light exposure entrains the circadian clock through the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which sense light in addition to the cone and rod photoreceptors. In congenital achromatopsia (prevalence 1:30–50 000), the cone system is non-functional, resulting in severe light avoidance and photophobia at daytime light levels. How this condition affects circadian and neuroendocrine responses to light is not known. In this case series of genetically confirmed congenital achromatopsia patients (n = 7; age 30–72 years; 6 women, 1 male), we examined survey-assessed sleep/circadian phenotype, self-reported visual function, sensitivity to light and use of spectral filters that modify chronic light exposure. In all but one patient, we measured rest-activity cycles using actigraphy over 3 weeks and measured the melatonin phase angle of entrainment using the dim-light melatonin onset. Owing to their light sensitivity, congenital achromatopsia patients used filters to reduce retinal illumination. Thus, congenital achromatopsia patients experienced severely attenuated light exposure. In aggregate, we found a tendency to a late chronotype. We found regular rest-activity patterns in all patients and normal phase angles of entrainment in participants with a measurable dim-light melatonin onset. Our results reveal that a functional cone system and exposure to daytime light intensities are not necessary for regular behavioural and hormonal entrainment, even when survey-assessed sleep and circadian phenotype indicated a tendency for a late chronotype and sleep problems in our congenital achromatopsia cohort.
German translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire: a cohort study
2021-01-01

The results demonstrate that the MSK-HQ<inf>G</inf> has sufficient psychometric properties for use in musculoskeletal research and practice. However, the SDC should be kept in mind when using the tool for individual patients. The MSK-HQ<inf>G</inf> has the advantage of being a single instrument that can measure musculoskeletal health status across different pain sites, reducing the burden from the use of multiple tools.
Systemic low-dose erythropoietin administration improves the vascularization of collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices seeded with adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments
2021-01-01

Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (MVF) are used as vascularization units in tissue engineering. In this study, we investigated whether the vascularization capacity of MVF can be improved by systemic low-dose erythropoietin (EPO) administration. MVF were isolated from the epididymal fat of donor mice and seeded onto collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices, which were implanted into full-thickness skin defects within dorsal skinfold chambers of recipient mice. Both donor and recipient mice were treated daily with either EPO (500 IU/kg) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). The implants were analyzed by stereomicroscopy, intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology, and immunohistochemistry. EPO-treated MVF contained a comparable number of proliferating Ki67 + but less apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 + endothelial cells when compared to vehicle-treated controls. Moreover, EPO treatment accelerated and improved the in vivo vascularization, blood vessel maturation, and epithelialization of MVF-seeded matrices. These findings indicate that systemic low-dose EPO treatment is suitable to enhance the viability and network-forming capacity of MVF.
Soils, landscapes, and cultural concepts of favor and disfavor within complex adaptive systems and ResourceCultures: human-land interactions during the Holocene
2021-01-01

We review and contrast three frameworks for analyzing human-land interactions in the Holocene: the traditional concept of favored and disfavored landscapes, the new concept of ResourceCultures from researchers at University of Tübingen, and complex adaptive systems, which is a well-established contemporary approach in interdisciplinary research. Following a theoretical integration of fundamental concepts, we analyze three paired case studies involving modern agriculture in Germany and Belize, prehistorical changes in land use in southwest Germany, and aquaculture on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America. We conclude that ResourceCultures and complex adaptive systems provide different but complementary strengths, but that both move beyond the favor-disfavor concept for providing a holistic, system-level approach to understanding human-land interactions. The three frameworks for understanding human responses to contemporary cultural and biophysical challenges are relevant to new thinking related to sustainability, resilience, and long-term environmental planning in the Anthropocene.
Pentacene/perfluoropentacene bilayers on Au(111) and Cu(111): impact of organic–metal coupling strength on molecular structure formation
2021-01-01

As crucial element in organic opto-electronic devices, heterostructures are of pivotal importance. A comprehensive study of a donor–acceptor (D–A) bilayer structure is presented, using UPS, XPS, LEED and NIXSW techniques.
Supracondylar rotation osteotomy of the femur influences the coronal alignment of the ankle
2021-01-01

Abstract Purpose Osteotomies represent well‐established treatment‐options for the redistribution of loads and forces within and around the knee‐joint. Effects of these osteotomies on the remaining planes and adjacent joints are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a distal‐femoral‐rotation‐osteotomy on the coronal alignment of the ankle. It was hypothesized that supracondylar‐external‐rotation‐osteotomy of the distal femur leads to a change in the coronal orientation of the ankle joint. Methods Long‐leg standing radiographs and CT‐based torsional measurements of 27 patients undergoing supracondylar‐rotational‐osteotomy of the femur between 2012 and 2019 were obtained and utilized for the purpose of this study. Postoperative radiographs were obtained after union at the osteotomy‐site. The hip‐knee‐ankle‐angle (HKA), the mechanical‐lateral‐distal‐femur‐angle (mLDFA), and Tibia‐Plafond‐Horizontal‐Orientation‐Angle (TPHA) around the ankle were measured. Comparison between means was performed using the Wilcoxon‐Mann–Whitney test. Results Twenty‐seven patients with high femoral antetorsion (31.3° ± 4.0°) underwent supracondylar‐external‐rotation‐osteotomy. The osteotomy led to a reduced antetorsion (17.4 ± 5.1; p &lt; 0.001) and to a valgisation of the overall limb‐alignment. The HKA decreased by 2.4° ± 1.4° ( p &lt; 0.001). The TPHA decreased by 2.6° ( p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Supracondylar external rotation osteotomy of the femur leads to lateralization of the weight bearing line at the knee and ankle due to valgisation of the coronal limb alignment. The mobile subtalar joint has to compensate (inversion) for the resulting valgus orientation of the ankle to ensure contact between the foot and the floor. When planning a rotational osteotomy of the lower limb, this should be appreciated – especially in patients with a preexisting valgus alignment of the lower extremities or restricted mobility in the subtalar joint.
Keratinocyte differentiation antigen-specific T cells in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated NSCLC patients are associated with improved survival
2021-01-01

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by reinvigorating tumor-specific T cell responses. However, the specificity of such T cells and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated epitopes recognized, remain elusive. In this study, we identified NSCLC T cell epitopes of recently described NSCLC-associated antigens, termed keratinocyte differentiation antigens. Epitopes of these antigens were presented by HLA-A 03:01 and HLA-C 04:01 and were associated with responses to ICI therapy. Patients with CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses to these epitopes had improved overall and progression-free survival. T cells specific for such epitopes could eliminate HLA class I-matched NSCLC cells <i>ex vivo</i> and were enriched in patient lung tumors. The identification of novel lung cancer HLA-associated epitopes that correlate with improved ICI-dependent treatment outcomes suggests that keratinocyte-specific proteins are important tumor-associated antigens in NSCLC. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanisms of ICI therapy and may help support the development of vaccination strategies to improve ICI-based treatment of these tumors.