julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Counterion‐Switched Reversibly Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic TiO2‐Incorporated Layer‐By‐Layer Self‐Assembled Membrane for Nanofiltration
2019-10-09

Abstract The manipulation of surface wettability has been regarded as an efficient strategy to improve the membrane performances. Herein, the counterion‐switched reversibly hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface of TiO 2 ‐loaded polyelectrolyte membrane are prepared by layer‐by‐layer assembly of poly(sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallydimethyl‐ammoniumchloride (PDDA) containing TiO 2 @PDDA nanoparticles (NPs) on the hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) substrate membrane. The obtained polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) membranes [PEM‐TiO 2 ] 4.5 + X − (X − = Cl − , PFO − [perfluorooctanoate] etc.) show different hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity with various counterions. The integration of TiO 2 NPs obviously improves the wettability and nanofiltration (NF) performance of PEM membrane for (non)aqueous system of dyes (crystal violet, eriochrome black T) with a high recyclability. The highly hydrophilic [PEM‐TiO 2 ] 4.5 + Cl − (water contact angle [WCA]: 13.2 ± 1.8°) and hydrophobic [PEM‐TiO 2 ] 4.5 + PFO − (WCA: 115.4 ± 2.3°) can be reversibly switched via counterion exchange between Cl − and PFO − , verifying the surface with a reversible hydrophilic–hydrophobic transformation. For such membranes, the morphology, wettability, and NF performance rely on the loading of TiO 2 @PDDA NPs and surface counterion. Meanwhile, the motion and interaction of water or ethanol in the hydrophilic or hydrophobic membrane are revealed by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance. This work provides a facile and rapid approach to fabricate smart and tunable wetting surface for potential utilization in (non)aqueous NF separation.
Groups of compact 8-dimensional planes: conditions implying the Lie property
2019-10-09

The automorphism group [math] of a compact topological projective plane with an [math] -dimensional point space is a locally compact group. If the dimension of [math] is at least [math] , then [math] is known to be a Lie group. For the connected component [math] of [math] it is shown that [math] suffices, if [math] is semisimple or does not fix exactly a nonincident point-line pair or a double-flag. [math] is also a Lie group, if [math] has a compact connected [math] -dimensional normal subgroup and [math] .
Kinship-based social inequality in Bronze Age Europe
2019-10-10

Ancient DNA informs on past cultures Archaeology has used analysis of the artifacts and remains of people to uncover their past behaviors and to infer their cultural practices. However, establishing genetic relationships has only recently become possible. Mittnik et al. examined the kinship and inheritance of the remains of people from the German Lech River Valley over a time period spanning the Late Neolithic Corded Ware Culture, the Bell Beaker Complex, the Early Bronze Age, and the Middle Bronze Age (see the Perspective by Feinman and Neitzel). From genetic and archaeological analyses, it was revealed that the Early Bronze Age household's burials over multiple generations consisted of a high-status core family and unrelated low-status individuals. Furthermore, women were not related to the men within the household, suggesting that men stayed within their birth communities in this society, but women did not. Science , this issue p. 731 ; see also p. 682
Luminescence and Light‐Driven Energy and Electron Transfer from an Exceptionally Long‐Lived Excited State of a Non‐Innocent Chromium(III) Complex
2019-10-10

Abstract Photoactive metal complexes employing Earth‐abundant metal ions are a key to sustainable photophysical and photochemical applications. We exploit the effects of an inversion center and ligand non‐innocence to tune the luminescence and photochemistry of the excited state of the [CrN 6 ] chromophore [Cr(tpe) 2 ] 3+ with close to octahedral symmetry (tpe=1,1,1‐tris(pyrid‐2‐yl)ethane). [Cr(tpe) 2 ] 3+ exhibits the longest luminescence lifetime ( τ =4500 μs) reported up to date for a molecular polypyridyl chromium(III) complex together with a very high luminescence quantum yield of Φ =8.2 % at room temperature in fluid solution. Furthermore, the tpe ligands in [Cr(tpe) 2 ] 3+ are redox non‐innocent, leading to reversible reductive chemistry. The excited state redox potential and lifetime of [Cr(tpe) 2 ] 3+ surpass those of the classical photosensitizer [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) enabling energy transfer (to oxygen) and photoredox processes (with azulene and tri( n ‐butyl)amine).
Lagged versus concurrent changes between burnout and depression symptoms and unique contributions from job demands and job resources.
2019-10-10

Burnout and depression pose significant threats to emotional and occupational functioning; however, questions exist over how these 2 conditions are associated with each other over time, and how these are related to underlying job stressors. The job demands-resources model provides a useful framework for understanding how job demands and job resources may lead to burnout, but questions remain about their distinct association with depression symptoms. The current study examined these questions in a sample of 402 nursing workers. The Exhaustion subscale of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression assessment, and items reflecting job demands and job resources from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire were assessed at baseline; additionally, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory Exhaustion and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression were assessed over 12 monthly follow-ups. Linear mixed models assessed longitudinal bidirectional associations between burnout and depression in both concurrent and lagged models. Longitudinal models found bidirectional relationships between burnout and depression symptoms over time, with relatively stronger associations for concurrent models relative to lagged models. Job demands and job resources each predicted unique variance in burnout and depression symptoms over time. Results provide evidence that burnout and depression symptoms change in the same direction, in tandem, rather than one condition having a distinctly stronger temporal association over the other. Results also indicate that both job demands and job resources are associated with depression symptoms independent from their association with burnout symptoms. Our results highlight the importance of considering burnout symptoms, depression symptoms, and job stressors concurrently in evaluating worker mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Different Forms of TFF3 in the Human Saliva: Heterodimerization with IgG Fc Binding Protein (FCGBP)
2019-10-10

The peptide TFF3 is a member of a family of secretory lectins, and is typically synthesized by mucous epithelia together with mucins. It is mainly released from intestinal goblet cells as a high-molecular mass heterodimer with IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP). Herein, we investigated human saliva by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and proteomics and identified high- and low-molecular-mass forms of TFF3. Whereas the high-molecular-mass forms represent a heterodimer with FCGBP, the low-molecular-mass forms represent homodimeric TFF3 forms. Proteomic analysis also revealed a C-terminally truncated form of TFF3. We hypothesize that salivary TFF3-FCGBP might play a role in the innate immune defense of the oral cavity and that TFF3 might also bind to microbial glycans. The known interaction of TFF3 with the agglutinin DMBT-1, a typical constituent of human saliva, further supports this protective role.
Auditory Deficits in Audiovisual Speech Perception in Adult Asperger’s Syndrome: fMRI Study
2019-10-10

Audiovisual (AV) integration deficits have been proposed to underlie difficulties in speech perception in Asperger's syndrome (AS). It is not known, if the AV deficits are related to alterations in sensory processing at the level of unisensory processing or at levels of conjoint multisensory processing. Functional Magnetic-resonance images (MRI) was performed in 16 adult subjects with AS and 16 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, gender, and verbal IQ as they were exposed to disyllabic AV congruent and AV incongruent nouns. A simple semantic categorization task was used to ensure subjects' attention to the stimuli. The left auditory cortex (BA41) showed stronger activation in HC than in subjects with AS with no interaction regarding AV congruency. This suggests that alterations in auditory processing in unimodal low-level areas underlie AV speech perception deficits in AS. Whether this is signaling a difficulty in the deployment of attention remains to be demonstrated.
Simultaneous positive and negative optical patterning with dye-sensitized CdSe quantum dots
2019-10-10

CdSe quantum dots are functionalized with the organic dye iron β-tetraaminophthalocyanine to reward a solution-processable hybrid material with two individually addressable optical resonances. We exploit this dual functionality during optical write/optical read patterning experiments and show that it is possible to simultaneously write complex optical patterns with positive and negative fluorescence contrast. This is enabled by a fluorescence enhancement under near-resonant excitation of the quantum dots in combination with a fluorescence bleaching during excitation of the singlet transition of the phthalocyanine. The presence of the organic dye not only enables negative optical patterning but also enhances the contrast during positive patterning. Furthermore, the patterning result is strongly dependent on the excitation wavelength during readout. Our results highlight the new possibilities that arise from combining inorganic quantum dots and organic π-systems into hybrid nanocomposites.
Conscious perception of flickering stimuli in binocular rivalry and continuous flash suppression is not affected by tACS-induced SSR modulation
2019-10-10

Abstract The content of conscious perception is known to correlate with steady-state responses (SSRs), yet their causal relationship remains unclear. Can we manipulate conscious perception by directly interfering with SSRs through transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)? Here, we directly addressed this question in three experiments involving binocular rivalry and continuous flash suppression (CFS). Specifically, while participants (N=24) viewed either binocular rivalry or tried to detect stimuli masked by CFS, we applied sham or real tACS across parieto-occipital cortex at either the same or a different frequency and phase as an SSR eliciting flicker stimulus. We found that tACS did not differentially affect conscious perception in the forms of predominance, CFS detection accuracy, reaction time, or metacognitive sensitivity, confirmed by Bayesian statistics. We conclude that tACS application at frequencies of stimulus-induced SSRs does not have perceptual effects and that SSRs may be epiphenomenal to conscious perception.
Steep decline of HPV 6 and genital warts despite low HPV vaccination coverage in young women in Germany: a long-term, population-based cohort study
2019-10-10

Abstract Background: The introduction of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination has resulted in a remarkable decline of genital warts in women and men, but in Germany historical rates of vaccination are relatively low. We report long-term surveillance data on changes in HPV 6 and 11 infection and the prevalence of genital warts in young women in the Wol fsburg HP V e pidemiological s tudy (WOLVES).Methods: Women born in 1983/84, 1988/89, and 1993/94 participated in four cohorts between 2009/10 and 2014/15. Vaccination coverage and prevalence of HPV 6/11 and genital warts are reported for participants aged 19−22 years and 24−27 years at the time of analysis. Statistical analyses were done to compare similarly aged participants using 2 x 2 contingency tables (Röhmel-Mansmann unconditional exact test; two-side alpha of 0.05).Results: A total of 2,456 women were recruited. In 2010, vaccination rates were 40/659 (6.1%) in women aged 24−27 years and 142/600 (23.7%) in those aged 19−22 years; 5 years later, vaccination rates had increased to 135/733 (18.4%) and 177/368 (48.1%), respectively. Between 2010 and 2015, there was a statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of HPV 6 among women aged 24−27 years (2.12% versus 0%; P&lt;0.0001) and women aged 19−22 years (2.0% versus 0%; P=0.0056). In total, 52 of 2341 participants were diagnosed with genital warts. There was a statistically significant decrease in the life-time risk of developing genital warts in women aged 24−27 years between 2010 and 2015 (4.7% versus 1.68%, respectively; P=0.0018). The overall life-time risk of developing genital warts in women aged 19−27 years decreased from 3.1% in 2010 to 1.2% in 2015 (P=0.0022).Conclusions: An increase in vaccination coverage was associated with a decreased prevalence of genital warts in young women. A protective effect greater than herd immunity alone was seen despite low vaccination rates. Quadrivalent vaccine had a protective effect on genital HPV 6 positivity and a fully protective effect on the development of genital warts in the youngest population.
Accessing 1,2‐Substituted Cyclobutanes through 1,2‐Azaborine Photoisomerization
2019-10-11

Abstract We provide a seminal example of the utility of the 1,2‐azaborine motif as a 4C+1N+1B synthon in organic synthesis. Specifically, conditions for the practically scalable photoisomerization of 1,2‐azaborine in a flow reactor are reported that furnish aminoborylated cyclobutane derivatives. The C−B bonds could also be functionalized to furnish a diverse set of highly substituted cyclobutanes.
Shuttling of Rydberg Ions for Fast Entangling Operations
2019-10-11

We introduce a scheme to entangle Rydberg ions in a linear ion crystal, using the high electric polarizability of the Rydberg electronic states in combination with mutual Coulomb coupling of ions that establishes common modes of motion. After laser initialization of ions to a superposition of ground and Rydberg states, the entanglement operation is driven purely by applying a voltage pulse that shuttles the ion crystal back and forth. This operation can achieve entanglement on a sub-μs timescale, more than 2 orders of magnitude faster than typical gate operations driven by continuous-wave lasers. Our analysis shows that the fidelity achieved with this protocol can exceed 99.9% with experimentally achievable parameters.
Silhouette-Length-Scaled Gait Parameters for Motor Functional Analysis in Mice and Rats
2019-10-11

Gait analysis of transgenic mice and rats modeling human diseases often suffers from the condition that those models exhibit genotype-driven differences in body size, weight, and length. Thus, we hypothesized that scaling by the silhouette length improves the reliability of gait analysis allowing normalization for individual body size differences. Here, we computed video-derived silhouette length and area parameters from a standard markerless gait analysis system using image-processing techniques. By using length- and area-derived data along with body weight and age, we systematically scaled individual gait parameters. We compared these different scaling approaches and report here that normalization for silhouette length improves the validity and reliability of gait analysis in general. The application of this silhouette length scaling to transgenic Huntington disease mice and Parkinson ́s disease rats identifies the remaining differences reflecting more reliable, body length-independent motor functional differences. Overall, this emphasizes the need for silhouette-length-based intra-assay scaling as an improved standard approach in rodent gait analysis.
Modeling and Predicting Complex Patterns of Change Using Growth Component Models: An Application to Depression Trajectories in Cancer Patients
2019-10-12

In this paper, we present a general and flexible framework for constructively defining growth components to model complex change processes. Building on the concepts of the latent state-trait theory (LST theory; Steyer, Ferring, &amp;amp; Schmitt, 1992), we develop structural equation models containing latent variables that represent latent growth (change) components of interest. We formulate these models based on an approach presented by Mayer, Steyer &amp;amp; Mueller (in press). We discuss an application to the longitudinal course of depression in 2794 individuals from the Health and Retirement Study who experienced cancer diagnosis over the course of the study. We found that (1) on average, the depression trajectories showed a steep increase after diagnosis as well as an adaptation phase where levels returned back to levels prior to diagnosis, and (2) individual differences in change were large and could be partly explained by marital status and cognitive functioning.
Effect Analysis Using Nonlinear Structural Equation Mixture Modeling
2019-10-12

In this article, we present an approach for comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of interventions based on nonlinear structural equation mixture models (NSEMM). We provide definitions of average and conditional effects and show how they can be computed. We extend the traditional moderated regression approach to include latent continous and discrete (mixture) variables as well as their higher-order interactions, quadratic or more general nonlinear relationships. This new approach can be considered a combination of the recently proposed EffectLiteR approach and the NSEMM approach. A key advantage of this synthesis is that it gives applied researchers the opportunity to gain greater insight into the effectiveness of the intervention. For example, it makes it possible to consider SEMs for situations where the treatment is non-effective for extreme values of a latent covariate but is effective for medium values, as we illustrate using an example from the educational sciences.
Carbon/nitrogen homeostasis control in cyanobacteria
2019-10-14

ABSTRACT Carbon/nitrogen (C/N) balance sensing is a key requirement for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Therefore, cyanobacteria have evolved a sophisticated signal transduction network targeting the metabolite 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), the carbon skeleton for nitrogen assimilation. It serves as a status reporter for the cellular C/N balance that is sensed by transcription factors NtcA and NdhR and the versatile PII-signaling protein. The PII protein acts as a multitasking signal-integrating regulator, combining the 2-OG signal with the energy state of the cell through adenyl-nucleotide binding. Depending on these integrated signals, PII orchestrates metabolic activities in response to environmental changes through binding to various targets. In addition to 2-OG, other status reporter metabolites have recently been discovered, mainly indicating the carbon status of the cells. One of them is cAMP, which is sensed by the PII-like protein SbtB. The present review focuses, with a main emphasis on unicellular model strains Synechoccus elongatus and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, on the physiological framework of these complex regulatory loops, the tight linkage to metabolism and the molecular mechanisms governing the signaling processes.
Feasibility, Safety, and Outcome of Endovascular Recanalization in Childhood Stroke
2019-10-14

The results of this study suggest that the safety profile of thrombectomy in childhood stroke does not differ from the safety profile in randomized clinical trials for adults; most of the treated children had favorable neurologic outcomes. This study may support clinicians' practice of off-label thrombectomy in childhood stroke in the absence of high-level evidence.
Predicting Cognitive Load in an Emergency Simulation Based on Behavioral and Physiological Measures
2019-10-14

The reliable estimation of cognitive load is an integral step towards real-time adaptivity of learning or gaming environments. We introduce a novel and robust machine learning method for cognitive load assessment based on behavioral and physiological measures in a combined within- and cross-participant approach. 47 participants completed different scenarios of a commercially available emergency personnel simulation game realizing several levels of difficulty based on cognitive load. Using interaction metrics, pupil dilation, eye-fixation behavior, and heart rate data, we trained individual, participant-specific forests of extremely randomized trees differentiating between low and high cognitive load. We achieved an average classification accuracy of 72%. We then apply these participant-specific classifiers in a novel way, using similarity between participants, normalization, and relative importance of individual features to successfully achieve the same level of classification accuracy in cross-participant classification. These results indicate that a combination of behavioral and physiological indicators allows for reliable prediction of cognitive load in an emergency simulation game, opening up new avenues for adaptivity and interaction.
Chemical complexity in high-mass star formation
2019-10-14

Aims. In order to understand the observed molecular diversity in high-mass star-forming regions, we have to determine the underlying physical and chemical structure of those regions at high angular resolution and over a range of evolutionary stages. Methods. We present a detailed observational and modeling study of the hot core VLA 3 in the high-mass star-forming region AFGL 2591, which is a target region of the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) large program CORE. Using NOEMA observations at 1.37 mm with an angular resolution of ~0′′. 42 (1400 au at 3.33 kpc), we derived the physical and chemical structure of the source. We modeled the observed molecular abundances with the chemical evolution code MUSCLE (MUlti Stage ChemicaL codE). Results. With the kinetic temperature tracers CH 3 CN and H 2 CO we observe a temperature distribution with a power-law index of q = 0.41 ± 0.08. Using the visibilities of the continuum emission we derive a density structure with a power-law index of p = 1.7 ± 0.1. The hot core spectra reveal high molecular abundances and a rich diversity in complex molecules. The majority of the molecules have an asymmetric spatial distribution around the forming protostar(s), which indicates a complex physical structure on scales &lt;1400 au. Using MUSCLE , we are able to explain the observed molecular abundance of 10 out of 14 modeled species at an estimated hot core chemical age of ~21 100 yr. In contrast to the observational analysis, our chemical modeling predicts a lower density power-law index of p &lt; 1.4. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. Conclusions. Combining high spatial resolution observations with detailed chemical modeling allows us to derive a concise picture of the physical and chemical structure of the famous AFGL 2591 hot core. The next steps are to conduct a similar analysis for the whole CORE sample, and then use this analysis to constrain the chemical diversity in high-mass star formation to a much greater depth.