julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific difference in treatment success/failure after vestibular schwannoma treatment
2025-01-01

Abstract Background Sex-related differences in patients with sporadic, unilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS) are poorly investigated so far, and it remains unclear whether biological sex affects treatment response to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or microsurgical resection (SURGERY). This study elucidates sex-related differences in treatment outcome of VS. Methods This is a retrospective two-center cohort study. All consecutive patients treated for their VS between 2005 and 2012 were included. Previously treated VS and patients with neurofibromatosis were excluded. Clinical status and treatment-related complications were analyzed from both centers’ prospective treatment registries. Recurrence/progression-free-survival was assessed radiographically by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Results Within the entire patient cohort of N = 1,118, the majority of VS patients (56%) was female. Sixty-two percent of patients were treated by SRS. Females with very small tumors (KOOS I) were significantly less likely to be assigned to SURGERY than males (P = .009). Mean follow-up time was 6 ± 4.3 years. In SURGERY, the rate of subtotal resection was significantly higher in women (7%) compared to men (2%) (P = .041). However, there was no difference in long-term tumor control after SURGERY between both sexes (P = .729). In SRS however, the incidence of recurrence was significantly higher in women (14%) compared to men (8%) (P = .004), which was also reflected in the Kaplan–Meier analysis (P = .031). Conclusions Female sex was a negative prognostic factor for treatment success (long-term tumor control) if treated with SRS—there was no sex-related differences in long-term tumor control after SURGERY. Additional research is needed to elucidate sex-related differences in tumor biology affecting the response to VS treatment.
Associations Between Transdiagnostic Psychological Processes and Global Symptom Severity Among Outpatients With Various Mental Disorders: A Cross‐Sectional Study
2025-01-01

ABSTRACT Objective Knowledge about transdiagnostic factors associated with global symptom severity among patients diagnosed with various mental disorders remains limited. This study examined the cross‐sectional associations between transdiagnostic processes including global emotion regulation and specific emotion regulation strategies (i.e., amount of physical activity and sedentary behaviour, repetitive negative thinking and sleep routines) with global symptom severity, while controlling for sociodemographic data (age, gender, employment status, relationship status, and educational level) and fear of the coronavirus. Methods Data from 401 outpatients, aged 42.08 years on average ( SD = 13.26; 71.3% female), diagnosed with depressive disorders, non‐organic primary insomnia, agoraphobia, panic disorder and/or post‐traumatic stress disorder were examined. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Data were collected from 10 different study sites between March 2021 and May 2022 for cross‐sectional analysis. The influence of predictors of global symptom severity was determined using three‐step hierarchical multiple regression: (1) control variables, (2) global emotion regulation and (3) specific emotion regulation strategies. Global symptom severity was measured using the Global Severity Index, derived from the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18. Predictors were measured using validated scales, and physical activity was additionally assessed via accelerometer‐based sensors. Results In the first step, control variables accounted for 4% of variance in global symptom severity. The inclusion of global emotion regulation in the second step explained 26% of the outcome variance, and the incorporation of specific emotion regulation strategies in the third step increased the explained variance to 37%. Significant predictors included global emotion regulation ( β = 0.28), repetitive negative thinking ( β = 0.26) and sleep routines ( β = 0.25). Conclusion Global emotion regulation along with repetitive negative thinking and sleep routines as specific emotion regulation strategies are identified as transdiagnostic psychological processes that may serve as treatment targets for evidence‐based interventions designed to enhance emotion regulation, particularly in transdiagnostic samples of stress‐related disorders. Additional prospective longitudinal studies with transdiagnostic samples are necessary to explore possible causal relationships.
Spectroelectrochemistry with hydrogen-doped indium oxide electrodes monitors electron and hole injection into PbS quantum dots
2025-01-01

Determination of the absolute band edges and Fermi level positions by monitoring electrochemically induced IR absorption changes of EDT cross-linked PbS quantum dot films. IHO substrates provide optical transmittance and electrical conductivity.
Radiation-associated angiosarcoma of the breast: radical resection technique of the entire radiation field
2025-01-01

Background: Radiation-associated angiosarcoma of the breast (RAASB) is a rare secondary angiosarcoma that typically develops subsequent to breast-conserving therapy for breast cancer. The parameters of the resection width and depth remain the subject of considerable controversy. More recent data indicate that radical resection of the complete radiation field at the thorax is associated with improved local control and survival. Objectives: The present study investigates the radical resection technique of the entire radiation field and subsequent defect coverage in RAASB, as well as the medium-term follow-up. Design: Monocentric, retrospective, and non-comparative study. Methods: From January 2017 to January 2024 a total of 10 patients with RAASB were treated at our hospital. The radical resection technique was employed in the treatment of all patients, encompassing the entire radiation field. Three patients received local flaps (two of whom received vertical and transversal rectus abdominis muscle flaps and one received a local random pattern flap), while the remaining seven were treated with split-thickness skin grafts for defect coverage. Results: The median age at initial diagnosis of breast cancer was 59.3 ± 9.41 years, while that of RAASB was 66.2 ± 8.32 years. The median latency period between the start of irradiation of the chest wall and the initial presentation of RAASB was 6.5 ± 3.08 years. The cumulative median total radiation dose was 57.23 ± 8.34 Gray (cumulative Gray) in 9 of the 10 patients. The overall survival (OS) was 80% in the cohort, with a median follow-up period of 40.0 ± 27.96 months. Three patients exhibited local relapses following radical resection, with two of these patients ultimately succumbing to their condition. Conclusion: Patients with RAASB may benefit from a radical resection of the entire radiation field. Despite the relatively mutilating nature of the procedure, the radical resection technique may have the potential to reduce the rate of local recurrence and prolong OS.
La2(CN2)3 – the missing link of rare-earth carbodiimides, prepared through an efficient synthetic route and its Ce3+ activated photoluminescence
2025-01-01

The characterization of La 2 (CN 2 ) 3 and the luminescence of La 2 (CN 2 ) 3 :Ce 3+ are reported. This finding completes the series of rare-earth carbodiimdes with three distinct crystal structures and coordination numbers of cations.
Effects of an app-based physical training for long- and post-COVID treatment (A PILOT) study: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
2025-01-01

Long- and post-COVID syndrome (PCS) affect at least 65 million individuals globally, with an estimated incidence of 10% among over 651 million documented cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PCS impacts nearly every organ system, posing significant challenges for healthcare systems and patients. Despite this, effective guidelines for multimodal training or rehabilitation remain absent. The app-based physical intervention for long- and post-COVID treatment (A PILOT) study is a prospective, multicentre, two-armed, randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an app-based multimodal training intervention in patients with PCS. 100 participants will be randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). Over 2 months, the IG will follow a standardised app-based intervention programme incorporating breathing exercises, endurance and strength training and progressive muscle relaxation. The CG will adhere to general WHO exercise recommendations during the waiting period and gain access to the app after the study concludes. Comprehensive assessments, including physical examinations, blood tests, psychological questionnaires, transthoracic echocardiography, electrocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing, will be conducted pre- and post-intervention. The primary endpoints are the effects of app-based multimodal training on physical performance, neurocognitive function and health-related quality of life. Secondary endpoints include mental health outcomes (eg, depression, perceived stress, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness), echocardiographic and anthropometric measures and alterations in inflammatory markers and metabolites of the kynurenine pathway. This study aims to provide critical insights into structured app-based programmes, potentially establishing a framework for improving recovery in PCS patients.
Clozapine-induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia: Clinical and cognitive determinants of dysfunctional checking
2025-01-01

Abstract Background Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) emerge in a significant proportion of clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients, affecting social functioning and increasing depressive symptoms. This study investigates the underexplored cognitive mechanisms of clozapine-induced OCS, particularly focusing on dysfunctional checking behavior. Methods Clinical and cognitive profiles of OCS and their relationship to dysfunctional checking were investigated using a novel checking paradigm (image verification task or IVT) in four groups: clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients with clozapine-induced OCS (SCZ-OCS, n = 21) and without (SCZ-only, n = 15), patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD, n = 32) and IQ-matched healthy volunteers (HV, n = 30). Results Only SCZ-OCS patients showed a distinctive pattern of dysfunctional checking on the IVT. Compared with SCZ-OCS, SCZ-only patients exhibited functional checking while having equivalent deficits in executive cognition, clozapine dose, and treatment duration, though with less severe positive and depressive symptoms. In SCZ-OCS, dysfunctional checking was positively correlated with clozapine dose and working memory performance. By contrast, OCD patients’ checking was positively related to intolerance of uncertainty. Checking in the OCD and SCZ-OCS groups was positively correlated with YBOCS-compulsion. Conclusion This study is the first to compare the distinct cognitive and clinical profiles of SCZ-OCS, SCZ-only, and OCD, with a focus on checking behavior, a major symptom in clozapine-treated patients. We introduced a novel and sensitive measure for checking, which showed dysfunctional checking only in SCZ-OCS patients treated with clozapine. These findings indicate that a subset of patients with schizophrenia with more severe positive symptoms and cognitive deficits are especially susceptible to OCD symptoms when treated with clozapine.
Lighting the participatory spark? The role of social media influencers in initiating political participation
2025-01-01

Abstract The role of social media influencers is often limited to the realm of consumer behaviour. However, recently, their role in the sphere of political communication has become a new topic of interest. In this article, we focus on how political influencer content is perceived by Finnish social media users and probe the interrelations between these perceptions and political participation. A moderated mediation model was developed and tested using data gathered from Finnish respondents ( n = 680) through an online survey and self-reported measures. The results imply that perceived exposure to political influencer content is associated with latent political participation (i.e., increased attention and awareness), which is further related to manifest political participation (e.g., boycotting and voting). The moderating effects of general political interest and engagement with influencers were also tested, but not found. The findings suggest that influencers’ political content has the potential to spark political participation, as it may ignite awareness towards political topics – possibly even among those who have not previously shown interest in politics. Suchawareness, in turn, may eventually manifest itself as political behaviour, such as voting or boycotting. The results provide an enhanced understanding of the potential impact of new social media arenas on increasing political participation while simultaneously contributing to the studies on political influencers, a research area that is growing in popularity.
Comparative real-world outcomes of stage III melanoma patients treated with talimogene laherparepvec or interleukin 2
2025-01-01

Background: Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) are both used in the intralesional treatment of melanoma skin metastases. T-VEC received regulatory approval from the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2015, while IL-2 has been used off-label for this purpose for many years. Despite their use in clinical practice, there is a lack of comparative data on the efficacy and safety of these treatments. Objectives: This retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of intralesional T-VEC and IL-2 in non-resectable stage III patients with melanoma treated at a single center between January 2016 and September 2024. Methods: We identified eligible patients using the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry and the local University Hospital Pharmacy database. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated. Furthermore, best response rates and occurrence of adverse events (AEs) were compared between the T-VEC and the IL-2 group. Concomitant systemic treatment was allowed. Results: A total of 62 patients were included, with 37 receiving T-VEC and 25 receiving IL-2 as first-line therapy. Ten patients received both therapies subsequently. The median PFS for the cohort was 5.0 months, and the median OS was 34.0 months. No significant differences in PFS ( p = 0.790), OS ( p = 0.894), or best response rates ( p = 0.468) were found between groups. Common AEs included local injection site reactions and fever, with no severe events leading to discontinuation by a physician. Conclusion: No significant differences in PFS, OS, or best response rates were observed between IL-2 and T-VEC treatments. The choice of therapy may be influenced by factors such as availability, physician preference, and patient-specific considerations.
Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT): A call for implementation of new approach methodologies for regulatory purposes: Summary of the 5th International Conference on DNT Testing
2025-01-01

The 5th International Conference on Developmental Neurotoxicity (DNT) Testing (DNT5) took place in April 2024 in Konstanz, Germany, organized by CAAT-Europe, the University of Konstanz, and scientists from the US EPA, SCAHT, and CAAT at Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. The conference convened experts from regulatory agencies, industry, and academia to explore the latest advancements in DNT testing and the integration of animal-free new approach methodologies (NAMs) into next-generation risk assessment (NGRA). The key topic was the appli-cation and further development of the recently established DNT in vitro test battery (DNT-IVB). To support this, OECD held a satellite meeting to discuss necessary next steps for further implementation of the DNT-IVB in regulatory contexts. Validation of new DNT test methods and use of their data for in-vitro-to-in-vivo extrapolations in physiologically based kinetic models were also important themes of the main meeting. In this context, the question was raised when a comprehensive biological and chemical coverage by the DNT-IVB would be reached. A need for additional testing data was recognized. Context-specific validation approaches for the entire DNT-IVB and the potential for intelligent combinations of assays to enhance the predictive power of the test battery were also addressed. Many presentations demonstrated the field's embrace of novel developments, including the use of multi-endpoint embryonic zebrafish tests, the development of artificial intelligence-driven computational approaches, and the establishment of complex, electrically active brain organoids and other self-organizing structures. Through its highly interactive format, DNT5 promoted extensive collaborative efforts in advancing the field toward more human-relevant, scientifically reliable, and ethical toxicological assessments.
Brain age in multiple sclerosis: a study with deep learning and traditional machine learning
2025-01-01

Abstract ‘Brain age’ is a numerical estimate of the biological age of the brain and an overall effort to measure neurodegeneration, regardless of disease type. In multiple sclerosis, accelerated brain ageing has been linked to disability accrual. Artificial intelligence has emerged as a promising tool for the assessment and quantification of the impact of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the existence of numerous AI models, there is a noticeable lack of comparative imaging data for traditional machine learning versus deep learning in conditions such as multiple sclerosis. A retrospective observational study was initiated to analyse clinical and MRI data (4584 MRIs) from various scanners in a large longitudinal cohort (n = 1516) of people with multiple sclerosis collected from two institutions (Karolinska Institute and Oslo University Hospital) using a uniform data post-processing pipeline. We conducted a comparative assessment of brain age using a deep learning simple fully convolutional network and a well-established traditional machine learning model. This study was primarily aimed to validate the deep learning brain age model in multiple sclerosis. The correlation between estimated brain age and chronological age was stronger for the deep learning estimates (r = 0.90, P &amp;lt; 0.001) than the traditional machine learning estimates (r = 0.75, P &amp;lt; 0.001). An increase in brain age was significantly associated with higher expanded disability status scale scores (traditional machine learning: t = 5.3, P &amp;lt; 0.001; deep learning: t = 3.7, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and longer disease duration (traditional machine learning: t = 6.5, P &amp;lt; 0.001; deep learning: t = 5.8, P &amp;lt; 0.001). No significant inter-model difference in clinical correlation or effect measure was found, but significant differences for traditional machine learning-derived brain age estimates were found between several scanners. Our study suggests that the deep learning-derived brain age is significantly associated with clinical disability, performed equally well to the traditional machine learning-derived brain age measures, and may counteract scanner variability.
High resolution infrared spectroscopy of monodeutero-oxirane (c-C2H3DO) and analysis of two fundamentals between 820 and 950 cm−1
2025-01-01

First analysis of high resolution rotation–vibration spectra of monodeutero-oxirane in the infrared THz region and extended analysis of the vibrational ground state. This is important for astrophysical observations and fundamental studies of parity violation in isotopically chiral molecules.
4‐Phenyl Butyric Acid (4‐PBA) Suppresses Neutrophil Recruitment in a Murine Model of Acute Perinatal Inflammation
2025-01-01

Neutrophils are the first immune cells to be recruited to the site of infection and deregulated activation is linked to adverse outcome, especially in premature neonates. Dampening neutrophil activity may therefore be a means of preventing acute and chronic inflammatory diseases; however, little is known about potential drugs to modulate neutrophil activity. 4‐Phenyl butyric acid (4‐PBA) is a clinically used drug, which acts as a chemical chaperone to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and to suppress immune activation. Here, we investigated the potential of 4‐PBA to regulate neutrophil‐mediated inflammation and specifically the recruitment cascade of neutrophils. We found that 4‐PBA suppressed perinatal neutrophil recruitment cascade as assessed by fetal intravital microscopy (IVM), as well as transmigration of neutrophils through the endothelial compartment via the inositol‐requiring enzyme (IRE)‐1α/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling pathway. Likewise, 4‐PBA promoted an anti‐inflammatory phenotype by suppressing the release of pro‐inflammatory mediators in bone marrow neutrophils and endothelial cells in vitro. Taken together, our data indicate that 4‐PBA can exert anti‐inflammatory effects by limiting excessive neutrophil infiltration into inflamed tissues, thereby holding significant therapeutic potential in managing various inflammatory diseases.
High energy density dihydroazaborinine dyads and triad for molecular solar thermal energy storage
2025-01-01

The reversible photoisomerization of 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborinines (BN benzenes) to their Dewar isomers (2-aza-3-borabicyclo[2.2.0]hex-5-enes) provides a promising platform for molecular solar thermal (MOST) energy conversion, storage, and release.
Niobium oxyiodide cluster compounds Li3Nb7O5I15 and Nb8O5I17(NbI5) with expanding cluster architectures and multicentre Nb–Nb bonding
2025-01-01

Two niobium oxyiodide compounds are presented, based on the novel [Nb 7 O 5 ] cluster core. Theoretical calculations suggest some oxygen orbitals mixing with niobium orbitals near the Fermi energy, as well as a three-centred bond between niobium atoms.
Hierarchical surprise signals in naturalistic violation of expectations
2025-01-01

Abstract Surprise responses signal both high-level cognitive alerts that information is missing, and increasingly specific back-propagating error signals that allow updates in processing nodes. Studying surprise is, hence, central for cognitive neuroscience to understand internal world representations and learning. Yet, only few prior studies used naturalistic stimuli targeting our high-level understanding of the world. Here, we use magic tricks in an fMRI experiment to investigate neural responses to violations of core assumptions held by humans about the world. We showed participants naturalistic videos of three types of magic tricks, involving objects appearing, changing color, or disappearing, along with control videos without any violation of expectation. Importantly, the same videos were presented with and without prior knowledge about the tricks’ explanation. Results revealed generic responses in frontal and parietal areas, together with responses specific to each of the three trick types in posterior sensory areas. A subset of these regions, the midline areas of the default mode network (DMN), showed surprise activity that depended on prior knowledge. Equally, sensory regions showed sensitivity to prior knowledge, reflected in differing decoding accuracies. These results suggest a hierarchy of surprise signals involving generic processing of violation of expectations in frontal and parietal areas with concurrent surprise signals in sensory regions that are specific to the processed features.