julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Nessi: An EEG-ControlledWeb Browser for Severely Paralyzed Patients
2007-01-01

1Department of Computer Engineering, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany 2 Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tubingen, Gartenstrasse 29, 72074 Tubingen, Germany 3Graduate School of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany 4Fraunhofer FIRST, Intelligent Data Analysis Group, 12489 Berlin, Germany 5Department of Computer Engineering, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany 6Human Cortical Physiology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
TARGET VALUE PREDICTION FOR ONLINE OPTIMIZATION AT ENGINE TEST BEDS
2007-01-01

The settling times of target functions play an important role in the domain of online optimization at the engine test bed. Inert target functions generally induce long measuring times which lead to increased costs. In this article, we analyze how previous knowledge about the physical behavior of target functions can be used to early predict the final steady state value to reduce measuring times.
Substrate-dependent bonding distances of PTCDA: A comparative x-ray standing-wave study on Cu(111) and Ag(111)
2007-01-02

We study the adsorption geometry of\\n3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) on Ag(111) and Cu(111)\\nusing X-ray standing waves. The element-specific analysis shows that the carbon\\ncore of the molecule adsorbs in a planar configuration, whereas the oxygen\\natoms experience a non-trivial and substrate dependent distortion. On copper\\n(silver) the carbon rings resides 2.66 A (2.86 A) above the substrate. In\\ncontrast to the conformation on Ag(111), where the carboxylic oxygen atoms are\\nbent towards the surface, we find that on Cu(111) all oxygen atoms are above\\nthe carbon plane at 2.73 A and 2.89 A, respectively.\\n
Synthese und Struktur der basischen Erdalkalinitrate Sr2(OH)3NO3 und Ba2(OH)3NO3
2007-01-02

Abstract Synthesis and Structure of the Basic Alkaline Earth Nitrates Sr 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 and Ba 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 Sr 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 and Ba 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 were synthesized from mixtures of freshly prepared strontium or barium hydroxides and their corresponding nitrates in evacuated quartz glass ampoules at 420 °C and 360 °C, respectively. Single crystals of Sr 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 were obtained in a solidified Sr(NO 3 ) 2 melt after subsequent heating and cooling cycles in air up to 600 °C. The crystal structure of the strontium compound was refined from single crystal and powder X‐ray data. Sr 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 crystallizes hexagonally in the space group (No. 189) with Z = 1 and the lattice parameters a = 6.624(2) Å and c = 3.560(1) Å (single crystal data). The powder pattern of Ba 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 was indexed isotypically to Sr 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 with the lattice parameters a = 6.9260(1) Å and c = 3.8086(1) Å, and the crystal structure was refined from powder X‐ray data. Alkaline earth ions in the structures are surrounded trigonal‐prismatically by six hydroxide ions. These prisms are sharing their trigonal faces along [001] building up columns. These columns are connected in the ab ‐plane by shared edges, and form hexagonal tunnels with the nitrate groups stacked inside. Infrared and thermoanalytical data of Sr 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 are presented.
Optical Bandgaps of π‐Conjugated Organic Materials at the Polymer Limit: Experiment and Theory
2007-01-03

Abstract In this Review, the extreme care that must be taken when predicting the optical properties of conjugated polymers via the oligomer approach, and when comparing theoretical and experimental data, is illustrated. In the first part, conceptual strategies for the correct determination of optical transitions from experimental spectra and relevant extrapolation procedures at the polymer limit are introduced. The impact of conformational, substitution, solvent, and solid‐state effects on the optical properties is discussed in light of experimental data reported for molecular backbones based on phenylene, phenylenevinylene, and thiophene repeat units. A comparison is then made between experimental results and those provided by standard quantum‐chemical methods, to assess their reliability.
Burial and exhumation of Corsica (France) in the light of fission track data
2007-01-04

The Mesozoic and Cenozoic exhumation and cooling history of Corsica is reconstructed by fission track (FT) data on basement and sedimentary rocks. Apatite ages are 105–16 Ma; zircon ages are 160–145 Ma. The Jurassic and Cretaceous ages show that parts of the Variscan basement escaped Alpine influence. The basement was thermally affected by rifting prior to Jurassic opening of the Ligurian‐Piedmont Ocean; then it cooled to near‐surface temperatures. In Paleocene‐Eocene times, subduction buried parts of the basement and overlying flysch to greater depth. In the Oligocene, both collapse of the nappe stack and rifting prior to opening of the Ligurian‐Provençal Basin affected the apatite FT system of the basement in different, partly overlapping areas causing a complex age pattern. The study shows that thorough analysis of FT data and thermal modeling allow to assign age populations to distinct cooling processes even when several thermotectonic events contributed to generate an intricate age pattern.
Task-Related Modulation of Early Cortical Responses during Language Production: An Event-Related Synthetic Aperture Magnetometry Study
2007-01-04

We used whole-head magnetoencephalography measurements to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of neural activity related to language production. Eight participants overtly responded by repeating aloud or vocalizing an internally generated verb to auditorily or visually presented nouns. Activity peaked within primary sensory (auditory or visual) cortices between 75 and 130 ms after stimulus onset, association cortices (inferior and superior temporal gyri) between 130 and 170 ms, and inferior frontal and premotor areas between 150 and 240 ms. Common to auditory and visual modalities, peak activity at about 220 ms was significantly larger in bilateral inferior frontal and left precentral regions when participants generated a verb than when they repeated a noun. These early differences in frontal regions may reflect the allocation of resources to the processing of low-level perceptions that are projected to the premotor areas early in the preparation of language production.
Regulation of P53 stability in p53 mutated human and mouse hepatoma cells
2007-01-04

Abstract The tumor suppressor p53 is frequently mutated in cancer. We have investigated the regulation of P53 in p53 wild type mouse hepatoma cells (line 55.1c), in p53 heterozygeously mutated cells (56.1b) and in p53 defective cells (lines 56.1d, 70.4 and HUH7) under various experimental settings. The basal levels of P53 were low in 55.1c cells, but nuclear accumulation occurred upon UV‐irradiation. Similarly, UV‐exposure induced stabilization of P53 in the heterozygeously p53 mutated 56.1b hepatoma cells. By contrast, the 3 hepatoma lines, which lack transcriptionally active P53, demonstrated high basal nuclear concentrations of P53 protein and, unexpectedly, showed loss of P53 upon UV‐irradiation. Expression of p53 mRNA was also decreased in p53 defective cells after 24 hr post UV‐irradiation, which may be linked to induction of apoptosis of the irradiated cells under these conditions. Other stressors like H 2 O 2 also mediated a decrease in P53 concentration in p53 defective cells. This effect occurred at very low concentrations and was already detectable 1–2 hr after exposure of cells. There were no signs of apoptosis of H 2 O 2 ‐exposed cells at this time point and no significant changes in p53 mRNA or MDM2 level. These unexpected findings indicate a new aspect related to regulation of P53 stability in cells with a defect in the tumor suppressor protein. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2007-01-04

Pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) as aglycones of saponins have a wide distribution in plants, and many of them have been used as anti-inflammatory remedies in folk medicine.This survey critically reviews the effects of PTs on proinflammatory mediator signalling pathways and data from experimental animal models and clinical trials.Because the knowledge of their actions is far from being satisfactory a critical summary of the partly promising but mostly scattered and preliminary data might promote productive research on chances and risks of PTs.Antiproliferative and anti-infectious actions and effects on intracellular cell signalling and hormone metabolism are beyond the scope of this short review, although such effects might also contribute to the understanding of the systemic anti-inflammatory actions of aglycones.
Estimates of short- and long-term incubation periods of Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Republic of Korea
2007-01-05

With the current epidemic of vivax malaria closely associated with the demilitarised zone along the border between North and South Korea, it has been suggested that the incubation period tends, in part, to be prolonged. Based on the detailed travel history of cases from 2000 to 2003 who reside in non-malarious areas, statistical estimates of the incubation periods were obtained. The data suggest that cases fall into two categories with short- and long-term incubation periods, respectively. Of 416 cases with available information, 72 and 79 successfully met our criteria for inferring the durations of short- and long-term incubation periods. The mean short- and long-term incubation periods were estimated to be 26.6 days (95% CI 21.0-32.2) and 48.2 weeks (95% CI 46.8-49.5), respectively. The maximum likelihood method was used to fit gamma and normal distributions to the short- and long-term incubation periods, assisting prediction of the frequency distribution of the overall incubation period, which exhibited a bimodal pattern. We postulate that the observed distribution reflects adaptation of the parasite to the seasonal population dynamics of the vector, Anopheles sinensis, ensuring continued transmission of vivax malaria in this temperate zone.
Direct detection rates of dark matter coupled to dark energy
2007-01-05

We investigate the effect of a coupling between dark matter and dark energy on the rates for the direct detection of dark matter. The magnitude of the effect depends on the strength of this new interaction relative to gravity. The resulting isothermal velocity distribution for dark matter in galaxy halos is still Maxwell-Boltzmann (M-B), but the characteristic velocity and the escape velocity are increased by . We adopt a phenomenological approach and consider values of near unity. For such values we find that: (i) The (time averaged) event rate increases for light WIMPs, while it is somewhat reduced for WIMP masses larger than 100 GeV. (ii) The time dependence of the rate arising from the modulation amplitude is decreased compared to the standard M-B velocity distribution. (iii) The average and maximum WIMP energy increase proportionally to , which, for sufficiently massive WIMPs, allows the possibility of designing experiments measuring rays following nuclear de-excitation.
2007-01-05

whether or not it is justified to use a plant or its active principles.Only few of medicinal plants have attracted the interest of scientists and been the subject of scientific investigations.tional systems of medicine from different ethnic societies.The use of medicinal plants in modern medicine suffers from the fact that though hundreds of plants are used in the world to prevent or to cure diseases scientific evidence in terms of modern medicine is lacking in most cases.However, today it is necessary to provide scientific proof as to Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) is a perennial herb widely cultivated in tropical regions of Asia.Its rhizome is extensively used for imparting colour and flavour to food.As a powder, called turmeric, it is also used for medicinal purposes.In old Hindu texts it is ascribed for its aromatic, stimulant, and carminative properties.Turmeric mixed with slaked lime is known as a household remedy for the treatment of sprains and swellings caused by injury.For this purpose it is applied locally over the affected area.
Epigenetic memory at malaria virulence genes
2007-01-06

During its red blood cell stage, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum can switch its variant surface proteins ( P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1) to evade the host immune response. The var gene family encodes P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1, different versions of which have unique binding specificities to various human endothelial surface molecules. Individual parasites each contain ≈60 var genes at various locations within their chromosomes; however, parasite isolates contain different complements of var genes, thus, the gene family is enormous with a virtually unlimited number of members. A single var gene is expressed by each parasite in a mutually exclusive manner. We report that control of var gene transcription and antigenic variation is associated with a chromatin memory that includes methylation of histone H3 at lysine K9 as an epigenetic mark. We also discuss how gene transcription memory may affect the mechanism of pathogenesis and immune evasion.
The lower esophageal sphincter strength in patients with gastroesophageal reflux before and after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication
2007-01-06

Lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and sphincter strength (LESS) were measured before and after short and floppy laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) in 38 patients with severe gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). These patients were compared with a control group of 23 healthy volunteers. GERD was assessed by stationary manometry, 24-h pH recordings and endoscopy. LESS was verified by motorized pull-back of an air-filled balloon catheter from the stomach into the esophagus. The catheter assembly was well tolerated by all study participants. LESP increased significantly after operation from 8 mmHg to 14 mmHg (75% of normal values; P < 0.0001), but compared to the control group, LESP (22 mmHg) decreased significantly (P < 0.002). In the control group and in patients with GERD, LESP and LESS showed excellent correlation (r = 0.97, r = 0.94, respectively). After LNF, LESS increased significantly from 0.6 to 1.6 N (P < 0.0001), about 166%. We conclude that the measurement of LESS is able to explain the discrepancy between satisfactory NF operation and the distinct increase of postoperative LESP. The evaluation of LESS is a helpful tool in assessing functional understanding of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with a short and floppy wrap.
Transfer-matrix approach to multiband Josephson junctions
2007-01-08

We study the influence of multiple bands on the properties of Josephson junctions. In particular we focus on the two gap superconductor magnesium diboride. We present a formalism to describe tunneling at a point contact between two MgB2 electrodes generalizing the transfer-matrix approach to multiple bands. A simple model is presented to determine the effective hopping amplitudes between the different energy bands as a function of the misorientation angle of the electrodes. We calculate the critical current and the current-voltage characteristics for N-I-S and S-I-S contacts with different orientation for junctions with both high and low transparency. We find that interband tunneling processes become increasingly important with increasing misorientation angle. This is reflected in certain features in the differential tunneling conductance in both the tunneling limit as well as for multiple Andreev reflections.
Synthesis of Luminacin D (I).
2007-01-08

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synergistic antiglioma activity of radiotherapy and enzastaurin
2007-01-09

Abstract Objective Radiotherapy is an essential treatment modality for malignant gliomas, but it exerts adverse effects via promotion of glioma cell invasion in experimental glioma. Furthermore, irradiation induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in gliomas, which is associated with poor prognosis. Here, we investigate the combination of the protein kinase C‐β inhibitor enzastaurin (ENZA) and radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo in comparison with either treatment alone. Methods We analyzed the effects of ENZA and irradiation on migration, apoptosis, and proliferation of glioma cells, as well as VEGF secretion in vitro. Neurotoxicity of ENZA was assessed in cerebellar granule neurons. After orthotopic intracerebral implantation of LNT‐229 glioma cells in nude mice, the effects of in situ cerebral irradiation and oral application of ENZA on survival, tumor size, VEGF expression, apoptosis, and microvessel density in vivo were analyzed. Results Combining cerebral irradiation with ENZA leads to longer survival in vivo. ENZA diminishes tumor volume, irradiation‐induced tumor satellite formation, upregulation of VEGF expression in vitro and in vivo, as well as enhanced microvessel density in vivo. Importantly, ENZA is not neurotoxic in vitro or in vivo. Interpretation Long‐term administration of ENZA after radiotherapy is feasible and leads to long‐term survival without neurotoxicity. Ann Neurol 2007
Sorption/Desorption Reversibility of Phenanthrene in Soils and Carbonaceous Materials
2007-01-09

Sorption/desorption of phenanthrene in two soil samples and carbonaceous materials was found to yield co-incident equilibrium isotherms and no significant hysteresis was observed. Additionally, release of native phenanthrene was investigated. Equilibrium sorption and desorption isotherms were determined using pulverized samples of Pahokee peat, lignite, and high-volatile bituminous coal, a mineral soil, and an anthropogenic soil. Instead of the conventional decant-and-refill batch method, sorption/desorption was driven by temperature changes using consistent samples. Sorption started at 77 °C and was increased by reducing the temperature stepwise to 46, 20, and finally 4 °C. For desorption the temperature was increased stepwise again until 77 °C was reached. Besides the co-incident sorption and desorption isotherms at each temperature step, the solubility-normalized sorption/desorption isotherms of all different temperatures collapse to unique overall isotherms. Leaching of native phenanthrene occurred at much lower concentrations but was well predicted by extrapolation of the spiked sorption isotherms indicating that the release of native phenanthrene involves the same sorption/desorption mechanisms as those for newly added phenanthrene.
Ubiquitin Binds to a Short Peptide Segment of Hydrolase UCH‐L3: A Study by FCS, RIfS, ITC and NMR
2007-01-09

Abstract Screening for small peptidic affinity tags for the detection of ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins yielded the dodecapeptide amide DPDELRFNAIAL‐NH 2 as a specific ubiquitin‐interacting ligand. A peptide collection—based on crystal structures with ubiquitin‐interacting proteins—was designed and confirmed by sequence comparison of ubiquitin‐interacting motifs. Four independent physical detection methods demonstrated that the peptide binds to monomeric ubiquitin with an affinity of about 10 μ M and with fast on and off rates. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with fluorescent peptides showed specific interaction with ubiquitin. Reflectometric interference spectroscopy with surface‐immobilized peptides and isothermal calorimetry measurements confirmed the specific binding of ubiquitin and fast rate constants. 1 H, 15 N heteronuclear NMR localised the interaction site across the β sheet of ubiquitin. The peptide aligns well with the ubiquitin‐interacting motif and represents a lead structure for the rational design of high‐affinity tags for targeting ubiquitinated protein in vitro and in vivo.
A finite size pencil beam algorithm for IMRT dose optimization: density corrections
2007-01-10

For beamlet-based IMRT optimization, fast and less accurate dose computation algorithms are frequently used, while more accurate algorithms are needed to recompute the final dose for verification. In order to speed up the optimization process and ensure close proximity between dose in optimization and verification, proper consideration of dose gradients and tissue inhomogeneity effects should be ensured at every stage of the optimization. Due to their speed, pencil beam algorithms are often used for precalculation of beamlet dose distributions in IMRT treatment planning systems. However, accounting for tissue heterogeneities with these models requires the use of approximate rescaling methods. Recently, a finite size pencil beam (fsPB) algorithm, based on a simple and small set of data, was proposed which was specifically designed for the purpose of dose pre-computation in beamlet-based IMRT. The present work describes the incorporation of 3D density corrections, based on Monte Carlo simulations in heterogeneous phantoms, into this method improving the algorithm accuracy in inhomogeneous geometries while keeping its original speed and simplicity of commissioning. The algorithm affords the full accuracy of 3D density corrections at every stage of the optimization, hence providing the means for density related fluence modulation like penumbra shaping at field edges.
Increased frequency of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid but not in the blood of multiple sclerosis patients
2007-01-11

Summary Naturally occurring CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (nTreg) play a major role in controlling autoimmunity by suppressing self-reactive T cells. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), where T cells play a key role in orchestrating tissue damage. While CD4+ CD25+ nTreg have been investigated in peripheral blood from MS patients, little is known about their presence and possible function within the target organ, the CNS. In order to study whether these cells are present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) under pathological conditions, we have analysed the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ nTreg in peripheral blood and CSF from MS patients (n = 14), patients with other neurological disorders (OND; n = 9) and compared peripheral levels with healthy controls (n = 40). We found that the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ forkhead transcription factor 3 (FOXP3)+ nTreg was significantly elevated in the CSF from MS patients (mean CSF = 4·05 ± 1·54% versus mean peripheral blood = 2·93 ± 0·94%) but not from patients with other neurological disorders (mean CSF = 3·78 ± 1·26% versus mean peripheral blood = 3·74 ± 1·4%). The frequency of nTreg in the periphery did not differ between MS patients and healthy donors; however, nTreg from MS patients showed reduced suppressive capacity.
TLR ligands differentially affect uptake and presentation of cellular antigens
2007-01-11

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) have the unique ability to efficiently present T-cell epitopes from exogenous antigens on MHC class I molecules, a process called cross-presentation. In our study we demonstrate that stimulation of monocyte-derived DCs with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands differentially affects the uptake and cross-presentation of cellular antigens. Activation of DCs with TLR3 or TLR4 but not with TLR2 or TLR7/8 ligands inhibited phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells and resulted in a reduced cross-presentation of pp65-derived T-cell epitopes on MHC class I molecules upon engulfment of cytomegalovirus (CMV)–infected fibroblasts. These results have an important impact on the understanding of the interactions between the immune system and pathogens and the development of vaccination strategies to treat malignant diseases.