julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Dynamic reconfiguration of human brain functional networks through neurofeedback
2013-05-16

Recent fMRI studies demonstrated that functional connectivity is altered following cognitive tasks (e.g., learning) or due to various neurological disorders. We tested whether real-time fMRI-based neurofeedback can be a tool to voluntarily reconfigure brain network interactions. To disentangle learning-related from regulation-related effects, we first trained participants to voluntarily regulate activity in the auditory cortex (training phase) and subsequently asked participants to exert learned voluntary self-regulation in the absence of feedback (transfer phase without learning). Using independent component analysis (ICA), we found network reconfigurations (increases in functional network connectivity) during the neurofeedback training phase between the auditory target region and (1) the auditory pathway; (2) visual regions related to visual feedback processing; (3) insula related to introspection and self-regulation and (4) working memory and high-level visual attention areas related to cognitive effort. Interestingly, the auditory target region was identified as the hub of the reconfigured functional networks without a-priori assumptions. During the transfer phase, we again found specific functional connectivity reconfiguration between auditory and attention network confirming the specific effect of self-regulation on functional connectivity. Functional connectivity to working memory related networks was no longer altered consistent with the absent demand on working memory. We demonstrate that neurofeedback learning is mediated by widespread changes in functional connectivity. In contrast, applying learned self-regulation involves more limited and specific network changes in an auditory setup intended as a model for tinnitus. Hence, neurofeedback training might be used to promote recovery from neurological disorders that are linked to abnormal patterns of brain connectivity.
Transcriptional repression of BODENLOS by HD-ZIP transcription factor HB5 in Arabidopsis thaliana
2013-05-16

In Arabidopsis thaliana, the phytohormone auxin is an important patterning agent during embryogenesis and post-embryonic development, exerting effects through transcriptional regulation. The main determinants of the transcriptional auxin response machinery are AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) transcription factors and AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) inhibitors. Although members of these two protein families are major developmental regulators, the transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding them has not been well explored. For example, apart from auxin-linked regulatory inputs, factors regulating the expression of the AUX/IAA BODENLOS (BDL)/IAA12 are not known. Here, it was shown that the HOMEODOMAIN-LEUCINE ZIPPER (HD-ZIP) transcription factor HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 5 (HB5) negatively regulates BDL expression, which may contribute to the spatial control of BDL expression. As such, HB5 and probably other class I HD-ZIP proteins, appear to modulate BDL-dependent auxin response.
Sobolev Stability of Plane Wave Solutions to the Cubic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation on a Torus
2013-05-16

It is shown that plane wave solutions to the cubic nonlinear Schr\\\\"odinger\\nequation on a torus behave orbitally stable under generic perturbations of the\\ninitial data that are small in a high-order Sobolev norm, over long times that\\nextend to arbitrary negative powers of the smallness parameter. The\\nperturbation stays small in the same Sobolev norm over such long times. The\\nproof uses a Hamiltonian reduction and transformation and, alternatively,\\nBirkhoff normal forms or modulated Fourier expansions in time.\\n
Non-Hydrogenic Rydberg Atoms in Magnetic Fields
2013-05-16

The classical and quantal dynamics of non-hydrogenic Rydberg atoms in magnetic fields are investigated. Previous attempts to infer classical behaviour from quantum properties produced conflicting results: at low scaled energies (ε=−0.5) the nearest-neighbour statistics (NNS) were found to be at the chaotic (Wigner) limit while quantum phase-space distributions suggested a high degree of regularity. Here the classical limit is investigated directly by solving the equations of motion of the Diamagnetic Kepler problem (DKP) with an additional non-Coulombic model potential. It is found that typically trajectories are, over a long time-scale, ergodic. However over a shorter time-scale—in between collisions with the core—classical trajectories remain confined on the tori of the DKP. The origin of a well-known resonance in the NNS of hydrogen at ε= −0.316 is clarified by the comparison with the non-hydrogenic behaviour. However, the classical model only partially explains the quantum behaviour. The difficulties of quantizing such a system are discussed.
Is There BN Bond‐Length Alternation in 1,2:3,4:5,6‐Tris(biphenylylene)borazines?
2013-05-17

Abstract The alternation of the BN bonds in the central borazine ring of the overcrowded 1,2:3,4:5,6‐tris(biphenylylene)borazine ( 2 a ) and its tribromo derivative ( 2 g ) is investigated by computational methods and compared with their experimentally obtained crystal structures. The calculations are performed with a meta‐generalized‐gradient‐approximation (GGA) density functional (Tao–Perdew–Staroverov–Scuseria (TPSS)) without and with dispersion corrections, including Becke–Johnson damping, in conjunction with a polarized triple‐ζ basis set. These data show a small bond‐length alternation (BLA) of around 0.01 Å in 2 a and 2 g . This outcome is in good agreement with X‐ray diffraction data for 2 g , but at variance with earlier X‐ray diffraction measurements that gave a BLA of 0.06 Å for 2 a . A re‐investigation of the crystal structure of 2 a reveals a positional disorder that precludes a discussion of the BN bond lengths. The synthesis of 2 g is the first example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution of an aryl borazine with elemental bromine. Successful bromination was also demonstrated for hexaphenylborazine.
Rare‐Earth‐Metal‐Promoted Hydroalumination
2013-05-17

Abstract The capability of bis(trimethylsilyl)amidoalane to act as a hydride transfer reagent in organolanthanide chemistry was investigated by probing its reactivity toward alkylyttrium complexes. Reaction with Cp* 2 YMe(thf) led to the isolation of the bimetallic complex Cp* 2 Y(μ‐H) 2 Al(Me)[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] (Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopentadiene), whereas reaction with [Cp*YMe 2 ] 3 gave MeAl[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 as the only isolable hydride transfer product. The dimeric complex [Cp*Y{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 }(μ‐H)] 2 represents one possible product of the aforementioned reaction that could be structurally characterized. The use of [YMe 3 ] n as the alkylyttrium source led to the isolation of Y[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 , which displays competition between amide and hydride transfer. Finally, the performance of Cp* 2 Y(μ‐H) 2 Al(Me)[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] and [YMe 3 ] n in the hydroalumination of 1‐octene was tested, and these compounds represent the first rare‐earth metal catalysts for this transformation.
Comment on: Teeuwisse et al. Short-Term Caloric Restriction Normalizes Hypothalamic Neuronal Responsiveness to Glucose Ingestion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2012;61:3255–3259
2013-05-17

The functional magnetic resonance imaging study by Teeuwisse et al. (1) investigated the effect of caloric restriction on glucose responsiveness of the hypothalamus in patients with type 2 diabetes. In these patients, an oral glucose test does not decrease hypothalamic activity (2), a reaction observed in healthy persons (3). The authors showed that a 4-day very-low-calorie diet (450 kcal/day) was sufficient to normalize the physiological hypothalamic response. On the basis of animal and human findings, Teeuwisse et al. discussed very comprehensively the possible underlying mechanisms of the hypothalamic response ...
Primary blood neutrophils express a functional cell surface Toll‐like receptor 9
2013-05-18

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes ( PMN s) represent one of the first lines of defense against pathogens. TLR 9 is normally expressed in endosomes/lysosomes where it is activated by pathogen‐derived DNA . Here we show that freshly isolated human and mouse primary PMN s express TLR 9 at the cell surface ex vivo. Moreover, surface TLR 9 expression is upregulated upon activation of PMN s with different stimuli and not only TLR 9 agonists. Importantly, surface TLR 9 is processed, active, and functional. TLR 9 ligands, oligo‐nucleotides containing unmethylated C p G motifs, indeed bind to surface TLR 9 and binding was strongly observed at the cell surface of human cells expressing surface TLR 9 and at the surface of WT but not TLR 9‐deficient mouse PMN s. Finally, C p G oligonucleotides cross‐linked onto a solid phase and having no access to intracellular TLR 9 are able to trigger cell surface TLR 9 and induce neutrophil activation, even when endosomal acidification is inhibited. This is the first demonstration of a functional TLR 9 expressed at the cell surface of human primary cells. This pathway may be triggered when pathogen‐derived TLR 9 ligands cannot reach the endosome, offering a rescue mechanism for neutrophil activation.
The Tug-of-War between Regulatory Interventions and Market Demands in the Chinese Television Industry
2013-05-19

In the People’s Republic of China, the media industry has become increasingly commercialized over the past three decades, but like many other areas of the economy, it remains subject to the tensions between state and market priorities. In some aspects, market interests may seem to be in the ascendancy. Many programs and program formats, which for various political and social reasons would have been taboo just 20 years ago, have been produced to meet market-led objectives. Nevertheless, through the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, the authorities monitor and regulate media products to ensure that they do not stray beyond the parameters of acceptable political discourse. The state, therefore, remains the ultimate arbiter of what content reaches the audience. This article examines the relationship between state and market priorities in the case of television drama. Historical dramas in particular provide an explicit example of a program format which is popular with audiences (and therefore revenue generating), but which is also profoundly affected by the political requirement to protect the past and present legitimacy of the Communist Party. The authorities adopt an adaptive–reactive approach, which combines formal regulation with ad hoc interventions to create an atmosphere of uncertainty and self-censorship among media producers. The analysis connects debates over controversial programs to the various rules and regulations which have been issued in response, which in turn shape the production of new content. The institutional dynamics through which conflicting political and economic objectives have been negotiated in the media industry are reflective of a wider tug-of-war between state and market forces in China.
Miniature curved artificial compound eyes
2013-05-20

In most animal species, vision is mediated by compound eyes, which offer lower resolution than vertebrate single-lens eyes, but significantly larger fields of view with negligible distortion and spherical aberration, as well as high temporal resolution in a tiny package. Compound eyes are ideally suited for fast panoramic motion perception. Engineering a miniature artificial compound eye is challenging because it requires accurate alignment of photoreceptive and optical components on a curved surface. Here, we describe a unique design method for biomimetic compound eyes featuring a panoramic, undistorted field of view in a very thin package. The design consists of three planar layers of separately produced arrays, namely, a microlens array, a neuromorphic photodetector array, and a flexible printed circuit board that are stacked, cut, and curved to produce a mechanically flexible imager. Following this method, we have prototyped and characterized an artificial compound eye bearing a hemispherical field of view with embedded and programmable low-power signal processing, high temporal resolution, and local adaptation to illumination. The prototyped artificial compound eye possesses several characteristics similar to the eye of the fruit fly Drosophila and other arthropod species. This design method opens up additional vistas for a broad range of applications in which wide field motion detection is at a premium, such as collision-free navigation of terrestrial and aerospace vehicles, and for the experimental testing of insect vision theories.
Sidestepping the Combinatorial Explosion: An Explanation of n-gram Frequency Effects Based on Naive Discriminative Learning
2013-05-20

Arnon and Snider ((2010). More than words: Frequency effects for multi-word phrases. Journal of Memory and Language, 62, 67–82) documented frequency effects for compositional four-grams independently of the frequencies of lower-order n-grams. They argue that comprehenders apparently store frequency information about multi-word units. We show that n-gram frequency effects can emerge in a parameter-free computational model driven by naive discriminative learning, trained on a sample of 300,000 four-word phrases from the British National Corpus. The discriminative learning model is a full decomposition model, associating orthographic input features straightforwardly with meanings. The model does not make use of separate representations for derived or inflected words, nor for compounds, nor for phrases. Nevertheless, frequency effects are correctly predicted for all these linguistic units. Naive discriminative learning provides the simplest and most economical explanation for frequency effects in language processing, obviating the need to posit counters in the head for, and the existence of, hundreds of millions of n-gram representations.
Bevacizumab, irinotecan, and radiotherapy versus standard temozolomide and radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, MGMT-non-methylated glioblastoma patients: First results from the randomized multicenter GLARIUS trial.
2013-05-20

LBA2000 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstract.asco.org at 7:30 AM (EDT) on Saturday, June, 1, 2013, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2013, issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Saturday edition of ASCO Daily News.
Anorectal Malignant Melanoma: Extensive 45-Year Review and Proposal for a Novel Staging Classification
2013-05-20

Falch, Claudius MD; Stojadinovic, Alexander MD, FACS; Hann-von-Weyhern, Claus MD; Protic, Mladjan MD; Nissan, Aviram MD; Faries, Mark B. MD, FACS; Daumer, Martin Dr rer nat, Dipl Phys; Bilchik, Anton J. MD, PhD, FACS; Itzhak, Avital MD, PhD, FACS; Brücher, Björn L.D.M. MD, PhD, FRCS (ENGL), FACS Author Information
OBSERVATIONS OF THE HIGH-MASS X-RAY BINARY A 0535+26 IN QUIESCENCE
2013-05-20

We have analyzed 3 observations of the High Mass X-ray Binary A0535+26\\nperformed by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) 3, 5, and 6 months after\\nthe last outburst in 2011 February. We detect pulsations only in the second\\nobservation. The 3-20 keV spectra can be fit equally well with either an\\nabsorbed power law or absorbed thermal bremsstrahlung model. Re-analysis of 2\\nearlier RXTE observations made 4 years after the 1994 outburst, original\\nBeppoSAX observations 2 years later, re-analysis of 4 EXOSAT observations made\\n2 years after the last 1984 outburst, and a recent XMM-Newton observation in\\n2012 reveal a stacked, quiescent flux level decreasing from ~2 to &lt;1 x 10^{-11}\\nergs/cm2/s over 6.5 years after outburst. Detection of pulsations during half\\nof the quiescent observations would imply that accretion onto the magnetic\\npoles of the neutron star continues despite the fact that the circumstellar\\ndisk may no longer be present. The accretion could come from material built-up\\nat the corotation radius or from an isotropic stellar wind.\\n
Effective management and intrauterine treatment of congenital cytomegalovirus infection: review article and case series
2013-05-20

We want to stress the potential benefit of an off label use of CMV-specific hyperimmune globulin (HIG) therapy, present an algorithm for the management of affected pregnancies and review current literature on this issue.
Cytological and molecular remissions with blinatumomab treatment in second or later bone marrow relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
2013-05-20

10007 Background: Pediatric B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in second or later relapse is an aggressive malignancy that needs therapeutic approaches with new mechanisms of action. Blinatumomab, a bispecific T-cell engaging (BiTE) antibody, has shown a hematological remission rate of 69% in adult patients with relapsed/refractory ALL. In order to establish a recommended dose in pediatric patients, a phase I multicenter trial was initiated. Methods: The primary endpoint is to determine the maximum tolerable dose defined by ≤1 of 6 patients experiencing dose limiting toxicity (DLT) within the 1st course of treatment. Up to 6 different dose levels of blinatumomab are being evaluated. Eligible patients must be &lt;18 years old and have B-precursor ALL that is refractory or in second or later bone marrow relapse, or in any marrow relapse after allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Blinatumomab is administered by continuous IV infusion over 28 days followed by a 14-day treatment-free interval (up to 5 cycles). To date, 3 dose levels have been explored (Table). Results: Seventeen patients have been treated thus far with a total of 32 cycles. One DLT (gastrointestinal hemorrhage) at dose level 2 (15 μg/m2/d) and two DLTs at dose level 3 (30 μg/m2/d; both cytokine release syndrome) with 1 death have been observed. One patient had generalized seizures on the 3rd day of the 2nd treatment cycle at the first dose level of 5 μg/m 2 /d, which was completely reversible. The patient successfully underwent an allogeneic HSCT after blinatumomab. Eight (47%) of the 17 patients reached a cytological complete remission in bone marrow and a molecular remission defined as MRD by PCR &lt;10 -4 . Conclusions: A phase I trial of blinatumomab in patients with relapsed/refractory pediatric ALL has shown hematological and molecular remissions. Dose-limiting cytokine release syndrome has been noted. Alternative dosing regimens are being explored in current cohorts to refine the recommended dose of blinatumomab in this patient population. Clinical trial information: NCT01471782. [Table: see text]
Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone (POM + LoDEX) versus high-dose dexamethasone (HiDEX) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM): MM-003 analysis of patients (pts) with moderate renal impairment (RI).
2013-05-20

8527 Background: Pts who have exhausted lenalidomide (LEN) and bortezomib (BORT) treatment (Tx) have a poor prognosis. A significant proportion of pts have RI with increasing incidence during disease course. POM + LoDEX has demonstrated efficacy in pts with prior LEN and BORT, including those with RI. MM-003 is an open-label, multicenter, phase 3 trial comparing POM + LoDEX vs HiDEX in RRMM pts who failed LEN and BORT and progressed on their last Tx. Methods: Pts must have failed LEN and BORT after ≥ 2 consecutive cycles of each (alone or in combination) and must have been refractory to last prior Tx (progressive disease [PD] during Tx or within 60 days). Pts with creatinine clearance (CrCl) &lt; 45 mL/min were excluded. Randomization was 2:1 to POM 4 mg D1–21 + DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged &gt; 75 y) qw; or DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged &gt; 75 y) D1–4, 9–12, and 17–20 (28-D cycles). Tx continued until PD or unacceptable adverse event (AE). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and AEs. This analysis examined pts with or without moderate RI (CrCl &lt; 60 vs ≥ 60mL/min). Results: 302 pts received POM + LoDEX; 153 pts received HiDEX, 31% and 39% had moderate RI, respectively. Pts with moderate RI were more likely to be older (64% vs 36% aged &gt; 65 y) vs no RI. Median follow-up was 4 mo. Median PFS and OS were significantly longer with POM + LoDEX vs HiDEX regardless of RI (Table). Similar AE rates for POM + LoDEX as well as HiDEX Tx were seen in pts with and without moderate RI (Table). Discontinuation due to AE was 5% vs 7% (no moderate RI) and 11% vs 5% (moderate RI). Conclusions: POM + LoDEX significantly extended PFS and OS vs HiDEX in pts with or without moderate RI. Tolerability of POM + LoDEX was acceptable across subgroups, with few discontinuations due to AE. Clinical trial information: NCT01311687. [Table: see text]
MM-003: A phase III, multicenter, randomized, open-label study of pomalidomide (POM) plus low-dose dexamethasone (LoDEX) versus high-dose dexamethasone (HiDEX) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).
2013-05-20

8510 Background: RRMM patients (pts) who have exhausted treatment (Tx) with bortezomib (BORT) and lenalidomide (LEN) or thalidomide have a poor prognosis with short overall survival (OS). HiDEX is a well-established standard Tx in RRMM. POM has demonstrated clinical efficacy in pts refractory to LEN and BORT. MM-003 compared POM + LoDEX vs. HiDEX in RRMM pts who failed LEN and BORT and who progressed on their last Tx. Methods: Pts must have been refractory to last prior Tx (progressive disease [PD] during Tx or within 60 days) and failed LEN and BORT after ≥ 2 consecutive cycles of each (alone or in combination). Pts were randomized 2:1 to receive 28-day cycles of POM 4 mg D1–21 + DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged &gt; 75 y) weekly or DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged &gt; 75 y) D1–4, 9–12, and 17–20. Tx continued until PD or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included OS, overall response rate (ORR; ≥ partial response), and safety. Analyses were based on intent to treat. Results: 455 pts were randomized to POM + LoDEX (n = 302) or HiDEX (n = 153). The median number of prior Tx was 5 (range 1-17). 72% were refractory to LEN and BORT. Median follow-up was 4 months. POM + LoDEX significantly extended median PFS (3.6 vs. 1.8 months, HR = 0.45, P &lt; .001) and OS (not reached vs. 7.8 months, HR = 0.53, P &lt; .001) vs. HiDEX. The OS benefit was observed despite 29% of HiDEX pts receiving POM after PD. The trial met the primary endpoint of PFS, crossed the upper boundary for OS superiority, and the Data Monitoring Committee recommended crossover from HiDEX to POM ± DEX. With updated data, the ORR was 21% for POM + LoDEX vs. 3% for HiDEX (P &lt; .001) and 24% vs 3% for pts randomized ≥ 6 months post-enrollment (P &lt; .001). The most frequent grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) for POM + LoDEX vs. HiDEX were neutropenia (42% vs. 15%), anemia (27% vs. 29%), and infection (24% vs. 23%). Discontinuation due to AEs was infrequent (7% vs. 6%). Updated data will be presented. Conclusions: POM + LoDEX significantly extended PFS and OS vs. HiDEX in pts who failed LEN and BORT. POM + LoDEX should become a standard of care in RRMM pts who have exhausted Tx with LEN and BORT. Clinical trial information: NCT01311687.
Development of a prospective isopropyl alcohol-loaded pharmaceutical base using simultaneousin vitro/in vivocharacterization methods of skin performance
2013-05-20

Results recommend the investigated emulsifier for stabilization of topical drug delivery systems, not only for their ability to sustain the addition of isopropyl alcohol which proved to be a valuable enhancer, but also satisfactory skin absorption and tolerability when compared to samples stabilized by conventional emulsifier. Tape stripping proved to be a useful and yet inexpensive tool for in vivo trials, able to discriminate subtle differences in dermal availability.