julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Schwertmannite as a new sorbent for phosphate immobilization: The role of pH and sulfate release
2023-01-01

Schwertmannite is a nanocrystalline ferric oxyhydroxysulfate mineral with a variable chemical composition, simplified as Fe 8 O 8 (OH) 8-2x (SO 4 ) x (with 1≤ x ≤ 1.75).Although there is still some controversy with regard to its actual structure, schwertmannite is typically described as an akaganeite-like framework of iron(III) octahedra with a tunnel structure that hosts inner-and outer-spherical complexes of sulfate.Due to its high specific surface area and the ability to incorporate oxyanions into the tunnel cavities, schwertmannite has recently been proposed as a promising sorbent for environmental remediation technologies to immobilize phosphate.Phosphate sorption to schwertmannite is likely to occur via ligand exchange with surface and tunnel sulfate, resulting in the release of sulfate.The importance of phosphate interaction with sulfate groups and its consequences for the structure of schwertmannite are still poorly understood, hampering the use of schwertmannite as a sorbent in natural systems.Here, we investigated phosphate sorption, concomitant sulfate release and their impact on the structure of schwertmannite as a function of pH and phosphate loading.Kinetic and equilibrium batch experiments with synthetic schwertmannite were performed at pH 3, 6, and 8, and solid-phase samples of unreacted and phosphate-sorbed schwertmannite were analyzed using a combination of diffractometric, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques.Phosphate sorption to schwertmannite resulted in the substitution of up to ~90% of all solid-phase sulfate.Alkaline conditions were more favorable for phosphate sorption despite an increase in electrostatic repulsion, which we attributed to sulfate groups being more loosely (outer-spherically) bound at higher pH.Diffractometric and scanning electron microscopic analyses suggest no transformation to other mineral phases and no morphological changes during equilibration with phosphate.However, infrared spectra showed a broadening of the sulfate vibrational bands with increasing pH, confirming a change in sulfate speciation with pH. 57 Mössbauer showed that the solidphase did not undergo major mineralogical changes, but in the presence of phosphate, the proportion of partially ordered schwertmannite decreased, indicating a loss in crystallinity.Our results are important for a fundamental understanding of the sorption properties of schwertmannite in phosphate-rich environments as they point towards the central role of sulfate coordination for phosphate immobilization by schwertmannite.
Formation and reactivity of iron-organic matter (Fe-OM) phases in wetland systems
2023-01-01

The biogeochemical cycle of iron is closely linked to organic carbon turnover in soils, sediments, and aquatic environments.Association with iron (Fe) species has been observed to protect organic carbon (in the form of organic matter, OM) from microbial decomposition and eventual release as CO 2 .In addition, this association changes the redox properties of iron, affecting its bioavailability.Iron-organic matter (Fe-OM) phases may form via sorption of dissolved or particulate organic matter (DOM and POM, respectively) to iron species, or formation of iron (oxyhydr)oxide minerals in the presence of DOM and/or POM.The association between iron and organic matter is particularly important in wetland systems, e.g., peatlands, as they contain large quantities of organic carbon.These systems undergo redox changes through water table fluctuations.Under wet conditions, microbial iron(III) reduction may occur, leading to the release of associated organic matter which may then be available for microorganisms.Conversely, under dry conditions, abiotic oxidation of iron(II) due to O 2 may occur, reforming Fe-OM phases.Thus, the redox reactivity of Fe-OM phases has direct implications for the bioavailability of organic carbon in these carbon-rich systems.To better predict the turnover of carbon, it is critical to know (i) the quantity and composition of carbon and the speciation of iron within Fe-OM phases, and (ii) the reactivity of Fe-OM phases under changing redox conditions.In this project, we investigate the formation and reactivity of Fe-OM phases in model and environmental systems.We first synthesized Fe-OM phases using peatland DOM and POM via different association pathways.We quantified the quantity of carbon and relative abundance of organic functional groups associated with these phases.Via X-ray absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy, we characterized the iron speciation.Complementary to the laboratory experiments, we characterized Fe-OM phases from a permafrost peatland in Abisko, Sweden.We then subjected the laboratory and field Fe-OM phases to changing redox conditions and tracked the dynamics of iron and carbon.The results of this work will inform our understanding of the role of iron in organic carbon turnover in wetland systems.
Upgrade of the BM@N detector for studies of heavy ion interactions
2023-01-01

In the next years the Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron (BM@N) experiment at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) will carry out the physics program with heavy ion beams with energies up to 3.9 AGeV and intensities up to 2 [Formula: see text] ions/s. The experiment is devoted to measure observables sensitive to the equation of state of dense baryonic matter. To meet this goal the existing BM@N set-up will be upgraded with fast hybrid tracking system, which includes beam tracking detectors, a large aperture silicon tracking system, gas electron multiplier stations and cathode strip chambers. The measurement of the event plane and centrality will be achieved with a forward hadron calorimeter and granular hodoscopes. The physics program and configuration of the upgraded BM@N set-up are presented.
Introducing the Research Project “Sacred Narrative – The Political Dimension of Japanese Mythology”
2023-01-01

The Kojiki and Nihon shoki have been integral to the formation of Japanese identity, especially since the 18th century. As such, they were constantly exposed to processes of sacralization and desacralization, i.e., the attribution and removal of authority. The research project “Sacred Narrative – The Political Dimension of Japanese Mythology” is concerned with how certain systems of thought or ideology used these texts in a way that raised them to an elevated position or deprived them of it. Organized in three focus areas, the project delves into the topic of the historical change the Kojiki and Nihon shoki underwent in terms of interpretation and instrumentalization from the Edo period up to modern-day Japan. These investigations are integrated into the research group “De/Sacralization of Texts” at the University of Tübingen that started its work in January 2022. In this interdisciplinary context, “Sacred narrative” seeks to promote the integration of East-Asian textuality into general theory formation.
How Pharaohs Became Media Stars: Ancient Egypt and Popular Culture
2023-01-01

&lt;p&gt;The appearance of new media and its enormous diffusion in the last decades of the 20th century and up to the present has greatly increased and diversified the reception of Egyptian themes and motifs and Egyptian influence in various cultural spheres. So-called ‘popular’ or ‘pop’ culture (cinema, genre fiction, TV-series, comics, graffiti, computer and video games, rock and heavy music, radio serials, among others) often makes use of narratives and motifs drawn from the observation and study of ancient Egypt, updated and reinterpreted in various ways, and which is now the subject of study by scholars of Egyptology.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The present monograph seeks to provide new evidence of this interdisciplinarity between Egyptology and popular culture. It explores the conscious reinterpretation of the past in the work of contemporary authors, who shape an image of the Egyptian reality that in each case is determined by their own circumstances and contexts.&lt;/p&gt;
Insights to HIV-1 coreceptor usage by estimating HLA adaptation with Bayesian generalized linear mixed models
2023-01-01

This is the data repository to the manuscript &amp;quot;Insights to HIV-1 coreceptor usage by estimating HLA adaptation with Bayesian generalized linear mixed models&amp;quot;.\\nIt contains a minimal data set to reproduce all results that don&amp;#39;t compromise the privacy concerns.\\nThe repository contains the following data:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\t\\nadaptscore_acute.csv \\n\\n\\t\\n\\n\\t\\t\\nA csv file that contains the estimated adaptation scores for the acute data set with HLA I model.\\n\\t\\n\\t\\n\\t\\nadaptscore_leftout.csv \\n\\t\\n\\n\\t\\t\\nA csv file that contains the estimated adaptation scores for the leftout data set with the joint HLA I and HLA II model\\n\\t\\n\\t\\n\\t\\nadaptscore_training.csv \\n\\t\\n\\n\\t\\t\\nA csv file that contains the estimated adaptation scores for the traininig data set with the joint HLA I and HLA II model\\n\\t\\n\\t\\n\\t\\nadaptscore_training_hla1_without_clin.csv \\n\\t\\n\\n\\t\\t\\nA csv file that contains the estimated adaptation scores for the training data set with the HLA I model (via cross-validation)\\n\\t\\n\\t\\n\\t\\nadaptscore_training_seed2.csv \\n\\t\\n\\n\\t\\t\\nA csv file that contains the estimated adaptation scores for the training data set with the joint HLA I and HLA II model via cross-validation with another seed\\n\\t\\n\\t\\n\\t\\nenv_leftout.fasta \\n\\t\\n\\n\\t\\t\\nA fasta file that contains the consensus nucleotide sequences for the env protein for the leftout data set\\n\\t\\n\\t\\n\\t\\nenv_nt_274.fasta \\n\\t\\n\\n\\t\\t\\nA fasta file that contains the consensus nucleotide sequences for the env protein for the training data set\\n\\t\\n\\t\\n\\t\\ngag_leftout.fasta \\n\\t\\n\\n\\t\\t\\nA fasta file that contains the consensus nucleotide sequences for the gag protein for the leftout data set\\n\\t\\n\\t\\n\\t\\ngag_nt_274.fasta \\n\\t\\n\\n\\t\\t\\nA fasta file that contains the consensus nucleotide sequences for the gag protein for the training data set\\n\\t\\n\\t\\n
The Importance of a Rhetorical Approach for the Historically Informed Performance of Music: 1740–1830
2023-01-01

During the period 1740–1830, the classical art of rhetoric was still largely connected to music. Eighteenth-century theorists emphasized crucial links between rhetoric and the musical arts. Each mode of expression informed the other, with common goals of expressing, communicating, and persuading. Rhetoric guided musical composers and performers alike, who sought to capture the hearts and minds of listeners through artistic expression. However, such principles arguably deserve more attention in modern musical education and performances of this repertory. This essay outlines some basic principles behind a rhetorical approach to eighteenth-century music for modern musical performers in the historically informed performance field.
European Dreams of the Cloud: Imagining Innovation and Political Control
2023-01-02

Recently, several private and political cloud initiatives emerged in Europe. This paper demonstrates how the sociotechnical imaginaries of three European cloud projects reveal a performative coupling of innovation and political ideas of control, territoriality and sovereignty. I ascertain three elements of the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries (innovation, boundary making and material properties) guiding the empirical analysis. Taking technology in the making and its role in (geo)politics seriously, this paper shows how imaginaries shape and interact with current geostrategic and political developments in Europe. The analysis of Microsoft's cloud, Bundescloud and GAIA-X reveals that rising privacy and data security issues have been integrated into cloud imaginaries that traditionally highlight progress and innovation. More specifically, state actors and cloud providers link and sometimes merge allegedly opposing technological aspects of innovation and politicised ideas of control such as digital sovereignty. This shift constitutes a move towards erecting political borders and localising IT within a global infrastructure.
Apathy in patients with Alzheimer's disease is a cost‐driving factor
2023-01-02

Abstract Background Apathy is the most frequent neuropsychiatric symptom in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). We analyzed the influence of apathy on the resource use of DAT patients and their caregivers. Methods Included were baseline data of 107 DAT patients from a randomized clinical trial on apathy treatment. The Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD) instrument assessed costs over a 1‐month period prior to baseline. Cost predictors were determined via a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Results On average, total monthly costs were €3070, of which €2711 accounted for caregivers’ and €359 for patients’ costs. An increase of one point in the Apathy Evaluation Scale resulted in a 4.1% increase in total costs. Discussion Apathy is a significant cost driving factor for total costs in mild to moderate DAT. Effective treatment of apathy might be associated with reduced overall costs in DAT.
The neglected role of technology in quality of care crisis
2023-01-02

The quality of care crisis (QCC) is one of the most crucial crises the modern medicine is confronting, as the existential and psychological needs of patients have not been addressed and satisfied. Several attempts have been made to find solutions for QCC, e.g., the Marcum's recommendation to make physicians virtuous. Most of the existing formulations for the QCC have regarded technology as one of the causes of this crisis and not part of its solution. Although the authors agree with the role of technology in creatingthe crisis of care to some extent, in this article we try to present thecrisis of care so that medical technology is an important part of itssolution. For this purpose, we analyzed QCC from the philosophicalperspectives of Husserl and Borgmann and put forward a novelproposal to take account of technology in QCC. In the first step, itis discussed that the role of technology in causing the crisis of careis due to the gap between the techno-scientific world and the life-world of the patients. This formulation shows that the crisis-causing role of technology is not inherent. In the second step, it is tried to find a way to integrate technology into the solution to the crisis. In the proposed reframing, designing and applying technologies based on focal things and practices make it possible to develop technologies that are caring and are able to mitigate QCC.
Revision of the Late Miocene hornless rhinocerotids from Samos Island (Greece) with the designation of neotypes and implications for the European chilotheres
2023-01-02

Extant rhinoceroses are represented only by five species and are characterized by the presence of a nasal horn. In the past, they were much more diverse, with one of the best-known groups being the aceratheriines, i.e., hornless rhinoceroses. Chilotheres are a group of hornless rhinos that inhabited Eurasia during the Late Miocene. Their westernmost geographic range reached Eastern Europe, where overall eight species have been erected. Four of these were described based on material from the Upper Miocene of Samos Island (Greece), two of which are not considered valid anymore. Unfortunately, the type skulls of all four species are lost and there are several issues concerning their taxonomy. Therefore, we herein designate two skulls housed in historical collections from Samos as neotypes for the first two species, Chilotherium schlosseri (Weber, 1905) and Eochilotherium samium (Weber, 1905), and provide detailed comparisons for the separation of the species from each other and from any other chilotheres. Our results prove that the two species are valid and justify their separation on a generic level. Chilotherium schlosseri seems to be more closely affiliated with the other European Chilotherium species, whereas E. samium is more similar to the Chinese 'Chilotherium' wimani and 'Chilotherium' primigenium, based on their more plesiomorphic characters.
Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Recent Ingestion of Direct Oral Anticoagulants
2023-01-03

Importance International guidelines recommend avoiding intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with ischemic stroke who have a recent intake of a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC). Objective To determine the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) associated with use of IVT in patients with recent DOAC ingestion. Design, Setting, and Participants This international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 64 primary and comprehensive stroke centers across Europe, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Consecutive adult patients with ischemic stroke who received IVT (both with and without thrombectomy) were included. Patients whose last known DOAC ingestion was more than 48 hours before stroke onset were excluded. A total of 832 patients with recent DOAC use were compared with 32 375 controls without recent DOAC use. Data were collected from January 2008 to December 2021. Exposures Prior DOAC therapy (confirmed last ingestion within 48 hours prior to IVT) compared with no prior oral anticoagulation. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was sICH within 36 hours after IVT, defined as worsening of at least 4 points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and attributed to radiologically evident intracranial hemorrhage. Outcomes were compared according to different selection strategies (DOAC-level measurements, DOAC reversal treatment, IVT with neither DOAC-level measurement nor idarucizumab). The association of sICH with DOAC plasma levels and very recent ingestions was explored in sensitivity analyses. Results Of 33 207 included patients, 14 458 (43.5%) were female, and the median (IQR) age was 73 (62-80) years. The median (IQR) National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 9 (5-16). Of the 832 patients taking DOAC, 252 (30.3%) received DOAC reversal before IVT (all idarucizumab), 225 (27.0%) had DOAC-level measurements, and 355 (42.7%) received IVT without measuring DOAC plasma levels or reversal treatment. The unadjusted rate of sICH was 2.5% (95% CI, 1.6-3.8) in patients taking DOACs compared with 4.1% (95% CI, 3.9-4.4) in control patients using no anticoagulants. Recent DOAC ingestion was associated with lower odds of sICH after IVT compared with no anticoagulation (adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.92). This finding was consistent among the different selection strategies and in sensitivity analyses of patients with detectable plasma levels or very recent ingestion. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, there was insufficient evidence of excess harm associated with off-label IVT in selected patients after ischemic stroke with recent DOAC ingestion.
MASH Native: A Unified Solution for Native Top-Down Proteomics Data Processing
2023-01-03

Abstract Native top-down proteomics (nTDP) integrates native mass spectrometry (nMS) with top-down proteomics (TDP) to provide comprehensive analysis of protein complexes together with proteoform identification and characterization. Despite significant advances in nMS and TDP software developments, a unified and user-friendly software package for analysis of nTDP data remains lacking. Herein, we have developed MASH Native to provide a unified solution for nTDP to process complex datasets with database searching capabilities in a user-friendly interface. MASH Native supports various data formats and incorporates multiple options for deconvolution, database searching, and spectral summing to provide a one-stop shop for characterizing both native protein complexes and proteoforms. The MASH Native app, video tutorials, written tutorials and additional documentation are freely available for download at https://labs.wisc.edu/gelab/MASH_Explorer/MASHNativeSoftware.php . All data files shown in user tutorials are included with the MASH Native software in the download .zip file.
Epidemiology and Characteristics of Gastric Carcinoma in Childhood—An Analysis of Data from Population-Based and Clinical Cancer Registries
2023-01-03

(1) Background: Gastric carcinoma is an exceptionally rare tumor in childhood. Little is known about the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical features of pediatric gastric carcinomas. This analysis aimed to fill this gap by increasing knowledge about the occurrence of gastric carcinoma in childhood. (2) Material and methods: Data from gastric carcinoma cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2017/2018 were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) and the German Center for Cancer Registry Data. Data from patients &lt;20 years of age were analyzed for patient- and tumor-related characteristics. In addition, clinical data from patients with gastric carcinoma registered in the German Registry for Rare Pediatric Tumors (STEP) were analyzed for diagnostics, therapy, and outcome. (3) Results: Ninety-one cases of gastric carcinoma, mainly in adolescents, were identified in the epidemiologic cancer registries. Among patients with recorded staging data, advanced tumor stages were common (66.7%). Within the follow-up period covered, 63.7% of patients with clinical follow-up data died. Eight pediatric patients with gastric carcinoma were enrolled in the STEP registry, among whom two were patients with hereditary CDH1 mutations and another was a patient with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome. Three patients were found to have distinctly decreased immunoglobulin concentrations. All four patients in whom complete resection was achieved remained in remission. Three of the other four patients died despite multimodal therapy. (4) Conclusions: A combination of Helicobacter pylori infection and tumor predisposition and/or immunodeficiency appears to promote the development of gastric carcinoma in childhood. While patients with localized disease stages have a good chance of achieving durable remission through complete resection, patients with stage IV carcinomas face a dismal prognosis, highlighting the need to develop new strategies such as mutation-guided treatments.