julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Synthese und Charakterisierung der Lanthanoidbleioxidnitrate LnPbO2NO3 mit Ln = La, Pr, Nd und Sm/ Synthesis and Characterisation of Lanthanide Lead Oxide Nitrates LnPbO2NO3 with Ln = La, Pr, Nd, and Sm
2006-05-01

The lanthanide lead oxide nitrates LnPbO 2 NO 3 with Ln = La, Pr, Nd, and Sm were synthesised by solid state reactions of the nitrates in air and subsequent reactions in sealed silica tubes under in situ generated NO x atmosphere. The crystal structure of LaPbO 2 NO 3 was refined isotypically with BiPbO 2 NO 3 in the tetragonal space group I4/mmm by means of Rietveld powder XRD. According to this refinement, an orientational disorder is present for the NO 3 − ions. The homologous LnPbO 2 NO 3 compounds were indexed isotypically for Ln = Pr, Nd, and Sm, and their lattice parameters were refined. The structures contain [LnPbO 2 ] + layers, alternating with single [NO 3 ] − layers. Thermal analyses (DTA/TG) were performed for LnPbO 2 NO 3 compounds and magnetic measurements for NdPbO 2 NO 3 . The employment of LaPbO 2 NO 3 as a precursor for oxide materials, or as an NO x storage material is considered.
Bis[1,3-dimethylbarbituryl(5)]sulfid – Struktur und Reaktionen/ Bis[1,3-dimethylbarbituryl(5)]sulfide – Structure and Reactions
2006-05-01

Bis[1,3-dimethylbarbituryl(5)]sulfide (3, [BarbH] 2 S, BarbH = 1,3-dimethylbarbitur-5-yl) was obtained from 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (2) and SCl 2 or SOCl 2 . The compound 3 reacted with 2,3-dihydro-1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (7, Im) to give the imidazolium salts [ImH][BarbH-S-Barb] (8) and [ImH] 2 [Barb-S-Barb] (9) in which the ions are linked by hydrogen bonds. From 3 and triphenylphosphane, the zwitterionic compound Barb-S-PPh 3 (10) was obtained. The crystal structures of the compounds 3, 8, 9 and 10 were discussed.
Estimation of the Probit Model from Anonymized Micro Data
2006-05-01

The demand of scientists for confidential micro data from official sources has created discussion of how to anonymize these data in such a way that they can be given to the scientific community. We report results from a German project which exploits various options of anonymization for producing such ”scientific-use- files”. The main concern in the project however is whether estimation of stochastic models from these perturbed data is possible and – more importantly – leads to reliable results. In this paper we concentrate on estimation of the probit model under the assumption that only anonymized data are available. In particular we assume that the binary dependent variable has undergone post-randomization (PRAM) and that the set of explanatory variables has been perturbed by addition of noise. We employ a maximum likelihood estimator which is consistent if only the dependent variable has been anonymized by PRAM. The errors-in-variables structure of the regressors then is handled by the simulation extrapolation (SIMEX) estimation procedure where we compare performance of quadratic and nonlinear (rational) extrapolation.
Microarray-based Gene Expression Fingerprint in Leukocytes of Half-marathon Runners
2006-05-01

Gene expression fingerprints are already a useful classification tool in tumor biology or drug application. PURPOSE: Similarly, gene expression profiling may provide information for the characterization and understanding of the immunological response to exercise. Microarray expression analysis affords the opportunity to find specific gene expression pattern (fingerprints) and to complete the list of involved genes. METHODS: An inflammation-centered cDNA microarray was used to screen mRNA expression in leukocytes of eight male athletes before (t0), immediately (t1) and 24h after (t2) a half marathon (HM). Differentially regulated gene expression was analyzed using a linear regression-based algorithm. Genes were clustered based upon similarity in gene expression changes with samples from t0 vs t1 and from t0 vs t2. The assumption for a gene to be clustered was that its regulation was identical in all eight athletes at the particular time. Selected genes were evaluated by quantitative Real Time PCR. RESULTS: Comparing t0 with t1, and t0 with t2, 36 and 21 genes respectively, were similarly regulated in all eight athletes. This pattern of identically changed genes can be viewed as a 'gene expression fingerprint' at the particular times post-exercise. Genes were allocated to functional groups such as signal transduction, cell type specific surface markers, cellular interaction and protection, apoptosis, and inflammatory processes. CONCLUSION: Microarray analysis is applicable for exercise-related gene expression profiling in human leukocytes. An exercise-related gene expression fingerprint may become helpful to characterize the immune response to different types of exercise or even to diagnose overtraining.
Results and status of the CRESST experiment
2006-05-01

CRESST (Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers) employs cryogenic detectors for the direct search for weakly interacting massive dark matter particles (WIMPs).In the second phase of the experiment scintillating calcium tungstate crystals are used to discriminate background by means of different light yield for background and WIMP signals.After first results with this novel technique have been obtained, the experimental setup is being upgraded for further background reduction and larger target mass.The results and present status of the experiment will be presented.
Tritium labeled choline and fluoroethylcholine - In vitro evaluation for visualization of prostate cancer with PET
2006-05-01

1909 Objectives: Carbon-11 labeled choline (CH) showed great potential for imaging prostate cancer especially in correlation with modern imaging techniques as PET/CT [1, 2]. Due to longer half life and shorter positron range of 18F, resulting in higher resolution in PET, CH and the F-substituted analogue fluoroethylcholine (FEC) [3] were evaluated in in vitro investigations using [3H]CH and [3H]FEC. Methods: Normal (human skin fibroblasts, HSF5 (A)) and tumor cells (prostate adenocarcinoma: bone metastasis, PC3 (B); prostate adenocarcinoma: brain metastasis DU145 (C)) were seeded 105 cells/well on 6well plates and treated with 37 kBq/well of [3H]CH or [3H]FEC. After incubation cells were lysed by methanol incubation followed by liquid-liquid-extraction to elaborate lipophilic and hydrophilic metabolites [4]. Determination and quantification of free and phosphorylated substance in the hydrophilic fraction was analyzed by HPLC (for A and B). Results: After 3 h of incubation the uptake of [3H]CH and [3H]FEC in tumor cells was significantly higher than in normal cells. Longer incubation up to 24 h confirmed the results (see table: Results calculated on 106 cells in % dose, n > 3). In comparison to the distribution of [3H]CH metabolites the distribution of [3H]FEC metabolites led to similar amounts of activity in the hydrophilic fraction but less in the lipophilic fraction. [table] HPLC analysis showed same amounts of phosphorylation for [3H]CH and [3H]FEC in tumor cells B and C, but slower phosphorylation of both tracers in A. Conclusions: With respect to longer half life and shorter positron range [18F]FEC seems to be a highly promising tracer for imaging prostate cancer with PET as similar results in cell experiments could be obtained using [3H]CH and [3H]FEC. Ref.: [1] Breeuwsma AJ et al., Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2005, 32, 668-73. [2] Farsad M et al., J. Nucl. Med. 2005, 46, 1642-9. [3] Hara T et al., J. Nucl. Med. 2002, 43, 187-99. [4] DeGrado TR et al., J. Nucl. Med. 2001, 42, 1805-1814.
Exercise-Induced Sudden Dyspnea - Habitual Physical Activity
2006-05-01

HISTORY A 57 year old man presented with progressive dyspnea during exertion, evident while climbing stairs and decreasing during the course of exercise. He noticed the sudden necessity to take longer and greater breaths. After a period of some further minutes of exercise, the shortness of breath vanished. He was otherwise asymptomatic. The patient was subjected to several examinations including transthoracic echocardiography, cycle ergometer stress test, dobutamine stress echocardiography and a body pletysmography with regular results. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Examination before exercise revealed normal vital signs, cardiovascular and abdominal exams. Pulmonary examination revealed regular tidal volume and breathing frequency in rest. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Ischemia, heart failure. Restrictive or obstructive pulmonary disease Anxiety, anaemia, myopathy Test and Results Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on a cycle ergometer. The work rate began at 50 W and was then increased 25 W per 3 minutes up to 175 W to symptom limited maximum. Test was finally terminated due to fatigue. Maximal heart rate max 175 bpm, RR 210/100 mmHg. Parameters of spirometry were measured every 10 seconds, BGA on each work rate. Dyspnoe began during the 75 W and vanished at the end of 100 W phase. Simultaneously to this, there was a sudden increase in tidal volume (76%) and breathing frequency (46%), with resulting exercise ventilation of 67 L/min. Ventilatory equivalents increased both for VE/VO2 and VE/VCO2. Low PETCO2 and increasing PETO2 signaled hyperventilation. BGA revealed alcalosis, vanishing after a certain period of time. High and irregular RER supports this diagnosis. FINAL WORKING DIAGNOSIS Exercise-induced hyperventilation TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES Explanation of reasons for dyspnea Instruction in improved breathing techniques
Exercise-Induced Weakness of the Leg Muscles - Cycling
2006-05-01

HISTORY: A 40 year old hobby cyclist (annual training volume 10,000 km, regular participation in cycling marathons) with a history of weakness, numbness and “pins/needles” sensation of both lateral buttocks, thighs, calves and feet over the past two years. The discomfort occurred during cycling, especially uphill and most recently when walking quickly after at least 200 meters. The discomfort disappeared immediately at rest. Due to the discomfort he had to substantially reduce cycling-training. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: 40 year old healthy, in good general health, the examination of the heart and the lungs produced no pathological findings, blood pressure was normal, and a supraumbilical systolic murmur could be heard at the abdomen. Examination of the pulses revealed a weak but symmetrical finding in both legs and feet. No muscular atrophy, no paresis and no loss of sensation. The reflexes were normal. Examination of cranial nerve status revealed no pathological findings. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Central or peripheral neurological disease Myopathy Disease of the spinal column Vascular disease TEST AND RESULTS: Before admission to our clinic, preceding neurological examination including electroneurography, EMG and MR tomography of the spinal column revealed only a mild prolapsed intervertebral disc L3⁄4 und L4/5. Exercise testing: Continuous walking at 6 km/h induced pain in both legs after 1 min. Calf muscle (CF) oxygenation as measured by Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) showed a persistent decrease of StO2 from 60 to 27 %. Ultrasound of the abdomen: 10x7 mm large flap valve structure at the infrarenal abdominal aorta with luminal constriction and pronounced turbulent flow in the duplex scan. The Doppler scan revealed an acceleration of the flow to more than 6 m/sec in the stenosis. Angiography: High grade short focal stenosis of the infrarenal aorta with collateral circulation through lumbal arteries and the A. mesenterica inferior. FINAL WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Peripheral arterial occlusive disease stage IIb, due to the high grade short focal stenosis of the infrarenal aorta. TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: Angioplasty and stenting with a self-expanding Nitinol Stent Secondary prophylaxis: Platelet aggregation inhibitor, statin therapy, advice to quit smoking, continue the aerobic exercise. The patient returned to cycling, starting with basic endurance training. No recurrence of prior symptoms and return to a good physical performance. Using the walking protocol as mentioned above, oxygenation kinetics (NIRS) in CF normalized with an initial smaller decrease in StO2 from 62 to 52%, followed by an increase to 72% until the end of exercise.
Differential Expression of a Newly-Discovered Phylogenetically Conserved HIF1alpha mRNA Variant
2006-05-01

Exhaustive endurance exercise and especially intensive training under high altitude conditions have an impact on the supply of diverse tissues and cell types with oxygen. In most cells the expression of the transcription factor HIF1? mediates the expression of genes with cell protective function. HIF1α is therefore an important marker for the dimension of exercise induced cell protection. PURPOSE: Here we investigated the differential expression of a new potential HIF1α mRNA variant. METHODS: Expression of a newly-discovered, HIF1α mRNA variant with an extended 3'UTR (HIF1α-1) was investigated by 3'RACE followed by sequencing. Differential expression of HIF 1α–1 and the classic HIF1α mRNA variants was quantified by real-time RT-PCR in lymphocytes following a half-marathon run and in peripheral mononuclear cells following normobaric hypoxia (12,5% FiO2). RESULTS: HIF1α-1 has a more than 2000 bp longer 3'-untranslated region than the mRNA variants, which have already been described. A sequence comparison between human, mouse and rat demonstrates a high phylogenetic conservation of the 3'-untranslated end of HIF1α-1, indicating a functional relevance. HIF1α-1 is in contrast to the other variants significantly 3.3-fold up-regulated in isolated lymphocytes of half-marathon runners following competition (n = 7, CI: 1,9 – 5,8; p=0.002). Normobaric hypoxia did not have an influence on HIF1α-1. CONCLUSION: HIF1α-1 is in contrast to the other variants entirely complementary to the potent HIF1α down-regulator Anti-HIF1α-mRNA. We propose that HIF1α-l is one of the factors which contribute to a complex regulation of HIF 1α expression on a posttranscriptional level.
Sprint Training for Women
2006-05-01

Atherogenesis is known to be influenced by lipoproteins and oxidative modified LDL-particles. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of sprint training on changes in lipoproteins and on the oxidation of LDL in vitro. METHODS: Sprint training was performed by 20 untrained women, aged 23 ys, BMI 21 kg/m2, and total body fat of 20% and 10 controls with comparable anthropometric data for 8 weeks 3 x/wk for 30 min. Before and after training they underwent a progressive exhaustive spiroergemetric treadmill test. Venous blood was taken 30 min before and 3 min after the test. The test was repeated after the training. Cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins were measured as well as the oxidation of LDL in vitro, the products of lipidperoxidation and malondialdehyd. RESULTS: With a compliance of 94%, the running speed was increased by 0.5 km/h, while VO2max and maximum lactate remained constant. With the triglycerides, HDL and VLDL unchanged, cholesterol reduced from 191 ± 23 to 178 ± −23 mg/dl (p<0.001) and LDL from 128 ± 21 to 117 ± 18mg/dl in the training group. Lp (a) and malondialdehyd remained unchanged in both groups. In the training group, the small increase in lagtime from 79 to 87 min was not significant. After treadmill running, HDL increased before and after training, in the control group before the intervention only, and LDL in the training group only. VLDL remained unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSION: In young women, sprint training apparently fails to influence the anti oxidative capacity for LDL-oxidation, but leads to a reduction of cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.
Dissecting the role of infections in atopic dermatitis
2006-05-02

In patients with atopic dermatitis the skin is highly susceptible to infection by bacteria, fungi and viruses. Increasing knowledge about the complex immune network that regulates anti-microbial responses has helped to dissect further the role of infections in atopic dermatitis. Conserved patterns of microbes are recognized by the innate immune system, which mediates microbicidal activity, either directly or through inflammatory responses. New evidence suggests that components of the innate immune system, such as anti-microbial peptides, humoural lectins, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing (NOD) proteins, and Toll-like receptors not only protect from microbial invasion, but contribute to skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis. In addition, atopic patients tend to develop Th2-dominated immune responses that weaken anti-microbial immunity. This impairment of an appropriate anti-microbial defence compounded by amplified microbe-driven innate and adaptive immune responses leads to the vicious circle of skin inflammation. New microbial management in atopic dermatitis will foster a well-balanced microbial flora, which establishes natural defence mechanisms to maintain immuno-surveillance of the skin. In addition to anti-microbial therapies, other innate immune stimuli may suppress pro-inflammatory signals and help to break the vicious circle of cutaneous inflammation. To elucidate further these different interactions of the skin immune system and microbes in atopic dermatitis, clinical studies and further efforts in basic research are needed.
Individual Differences in Approach and Avoidance Movements: How the Avoidance Motive Influences Response Force
2006-05-02

ABSTRACT The present research is based on the assumption that people differ in their responsiveness to incentives and threats. In two experiments we examined whether the trait corresponding to the responsiveness to threats (avoidance motive) and the trait corresponding to the responsiveness to incentives (approach motive) influence voluntary motor behavior toward or away from stimuli. In Experiment 1, stimuli consisted of positive and negative words within a lexical decision task. Participants moved their arms backward in order to withdraw from the stimuli or forward in order to approach them. In Experiment 2, participants responded with forward or backward arm movements to neutral sounds coming from behind or in front of them. The main dependent variable was the strength of the approach and avoidance movements. In both experiments this variable was related to participants' avoidance‐motive disposition but not to their approach‐motive disposition. Avoidance‐motivated individuals generally showed more forceful avoidance movements than approach movements. There was no effect of stimulus valence on the strength of the movements in Experiment 1. Furthermore, the results of Experiment 2 suggest that it is not the physical direction (forward or backward) but rather the movement's effect of distance reduction (approach) or distance increase (avoidance) in regard to the stimulus that defines a movement as an approach or an avoidance movement.
Some considerations on the use of peptides and mRNA for therapeutic vaccination against cancer
2006-05-02

Active immunization against existing cancer is a field that is currently in development and is associated with a number of problems. The potential use of peptides as minimal essential T‐cell antigens and of mRNA as a novel form of antigen with advantages is discussed, with special consideration of practical aspects.
INTERFEROMETRY IN BIO- AND CHEMOSENSING
2006-05-02

Optical methods are a perfect tool to characterize interaction processes between a sensitive chemical or bio polymer layer and analytes. Timeresolved measurements of this interaction process provide kinetic and thermodynamic data. These types of sensors allow the monitoring of production processes, quantification of analytes in mixtures and many applications in the area of diagnostics, biomolecular interaction processes, DNA hybridization studies and even protein/protein interactions.
A Practical One‐Pot Synthesis of New S‐Glycosyl Amino Acid Building Blocks for Combinatorial Neoglycopeptide Synthesis.
2006-05-02

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lateralized processing in human auditory cortex during the perception of emotional prosody
2006-05-02

The aim of the present fMRI-study was to investigate the influence of different word prosodies on the activation of the auditory cortex (AC) of 24 subjects.Pseudowords and semantically neutral words were presented with neutral prosody in experiment I and with emotional prosodies in experiment II.We applied two lexical tasks i.e. detecting words or pseudowords.The control task was to detect pure tones.In both studies there was a typical left lateralized activation for speech perception on planum temporale (T3).This territory as part of Wernicke's area is specifically involved in speech perception.A right lateralization simply dependent on prosodic versus neutral content of speech stimuli, as suggested by some literature, is not supported by the current results.In our experiments the emotional information was task-irrelevant and even distracted from the lexical task.Namely, the performance in the detection of words and pseudowords was significantly better in the prosodically neutral condition.Thus, the current results contribute to the clarification of the controversial issue whether prosodies lateralize brain activation to the right, i.e. if lexical rather than prosodic information is in the focus of a task involving prosodic material, a right hemisphere dominance cannot be expected.
Safe adoptive transfer of virus‐specific T‐cell immunity for the treatment of systemic adenovirus infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
2006-05-03

Summary During periods of immunosuppression, such as postallogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), patients are at significant risk for severe viral infections. Human adenovirus (HAdV) infection is a serious complication post‐SCT, especially in children. Virus‐specific T cells are essential for the clearance of HAdV, as antiviral chemotherapy has revealed limited success. We present feasibility data for a new treatment option using virus‐specific donor T cells for adoptive transfer of immunity to patients with HAdV‐infection/reactivation. Virus‐specific donor T cells were isolated and infused into nine children with systemic HAdV infection after SCT. Isolation was based on γ ‐interferon (IFN‐ γ ) secretion after short in vitro stimulation with viral antigen, resulting in a combination of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. 1·2–50 × 10 3 /kg T cells were infused for adoptive transfer. Isolated cells showed high specificity and markedly reduced alloreactivity in vitro . Adoptive transfer of HAdV‐specific immunity was successful in five of six evaluable patients, documented by a dose‐independent and sustained in vivo expansion of HAdV‐specific T cells, associated with a durable clearance/decrease of viral copies. T‐cell infusion was well tolerated in all nine patients, except one case with graft‐ versus ‐host disease II of the skin. In conclusion, induction of a specific T‐cell response through adoptive transfer was feasible and effective. When performed early in the course of infection, adoptive T‐cell transfer may protect from HAdV‐related complications.