julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Capitalism, Religion, and the Idea of the Demonic
2012-01-01

Following the debate on the relationship between capitalism and religion, this paper discusses the role of religion in present-day capitalism. It argues that neither the secularization thesis nor the influential concepts of a 'return' or a 'transformation' of religions can offer a convincing interpretation of the challenges religions are faced with in modern capitalism. Partially following Habermas, the paper outlines an interactionist reinterpretation of Durkheim's theory of religion. It shows that from the viewpoint of such an interpretation, it is possible that the place of religion in modern societies can be filled not only by manifestly religious systems of meaning, but also by nominally nonreligious ones. I argue that the capital form of money can, in fact, assume the function of such a 'latent' religion in an apparently 'secularized' world. Nevertheless, to simply equate capitalism with religion, as many authors have suggested, would be shortsighted. Rather, as a characterization of the contemporary relationship between capitalism and religion, Paul Tillich's concept of the 'demonic' appears more promising.
A legal and technical perspective on secure cloud storage
2012-01-01

Public cloud infrastructures represent alluring storage platforms supporting easy and flexible, location-independent access to the hosted information without any hassle for maintaining own infrastructures.&lt;br /&gt;Already widely established and utilized by end-users as well as by institutions, the hosting of data on untrusted platforms, containing private and confidential information, generates concerns about the security. Technical measures establishing security rely thereby on the technical applicability. As a consequence, legal regulations must be applied to cover those measures even beyond this technical applicability.&lt;br /&gt;This paper provides an evaluation of technical measures combined with legal aspects representing a guideline for secure cloud storage for end-users as well as for institutions. Based upon current approaches providing secure data storage on a technical level, german laws are applied and discussed to give an overview about correct treatment of even confidential data stored securely in the cloud.&lt;br /&gt;As a result, a set of technical possibilities applied on fixed defined security requirements is presented and discussed. These technical measures are extended by legal aspects which must be provided from the site of the hosting Cloud Service Provider.&lt;br /&gt;The presented combination of the technical and the legal perspective on secure cloud storage enables end-users as well as hosting institutions to store their data securely in the cloud in an accountable and transparent way.
Creativity, analytical skills, personality traits, and innovative capability: A lab experiment
2012-01-01

Innovation economics is usually neglecting the psychological tradition of creativity research. Our study is an attempt to experimentally collect behavioral data revealing in how far personality characteristics like creativity, analytical skills and personality traits on the one hand and innovative capability, the topic of innovation economics, on the other hand are interrelated. We find that participants' performance in innovation games is related to their creativity, risk tolerance and self-control. Other personality traits such as participants' anxiety, independence, tough-mindedness, analytical skills and extraversion at best play a minor role.
Gelatin and Decorin are Suitable Candidates for Application in Tissue-Engineered Matrices - an Immunological In Vitro Study
2012-01-01

Abstract Inflammatory and immune-mediated responses to extracellular matrix proteins (ECMp) or biomaterials mainly determine the acceptance of tissue-engineered scaffolds like heart valve grafts. Therefore, we focused on detailed analysis of those responses induced either by the single ECMp gelatin and the proteoglycan decorin or by electrospun scaffolds composed of both proteins. Proliferation assays were performed to analyze response of T cell subsets by flow cytometry. Therefore, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were co-cultured with bovine decorin, porcine gelatin or with electrospun scaffolds generated of poly-ε-caprolacton (PCL) with either gelatin alone or in combination with decorin under low-dose anti-CD3 treatment for 5 days. Moreover, monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (DC) were co-cultured with decorin and gelatin to determine maturation effects by specific surface markers and flow cytometric analysis compared to a Lipopolysaccharride (LPS) stimulated control. Supernatants of both T cell and DC cultures were analyzed for the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNγ, TNFα and IL-6 by cytometric bead arrays or ELISA. Additionally, complement activation by decorin and gelatin was screened by incubation with pooled human serum and measuring induced C5a release by standard ELISA. In general, a slight reduction of the T cell subset proliferation compared to the anti-CD3 stimulated positive control in CFSE-based assays could be demonstrated for bovine decorin and porcine gelatin. Both electrospun scaffold types did not alter the proliferation response. Additionally, neither decorin nor gelatin induced a distinct proinflammatory cytokine secretion of IFNγ and TNFα relative to the control. The overall high secretion level of IL-6 was not affected by both proteins and electrospun scaffolds. Remarkably, a trend for reduced IFNγ and TNFα release could be observed for both scaffold types. Moreover, the surface marker expression pattern of DC revealed that decorin as well as gelatin were not able to induce DC maturation due to low expression levels for CD83 and fairly low TNFα secretion when compared to the LPS control. Analyzing complement activating capacities of both ECMp as part of the first line innate immune response, decorin as well as gelatin did not induce enhanced C5a release compared to controls. The results presented here illustrate the important role of evaluating complex immune responses to single ECMp as well as to electrospun scaffolds to facilitate an efficient selection of immunological inert tissue-engineered matrices for their future application as heart valve substitutes. Thus, gelatin as well as decorin are promising candidates for tissue engineering scaffolds as seen by their low immunogeneic properties as single ECMp or as part of electrospun blends.
SINGLE SPIN ASYMMETRIES IN INCLUSIVE DIS AND MULTI-PARTON CORRELATIONS IN THE NUCLEON
2012-01-01

Transverse single spin asymmetries in inclusive deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering can be generated through multi-photon exchange between the leptonic and the hadronic part of the process. Here we consider two-photon exchange, and mainly focus on the transverse target spin asymmetry. In particular, we investigate the case where two photons couple to different quarks. Such a contribution involves a quark-photon-quark correlator in the nucleon, which has a (model-dependent) relation to the Efremov-Teryaev-Qiu-Sterman quark-gluon-quark correlator T F . Using different parameterizations for T F we compute the transverse target spin asymmetry for both a proton and a neutron target, and compare the results to recent experimental data. Potential implications on our general understanding of single spin asymmetries in hard scattering processes are discussed as well.
Gnostic Apocalypse and Islam: Qur’an, Exegesis, Messianism, and the Literary Origins of the Babi Religion, by Todd Lawson
2012-01-01

First paragraph:The title, circumstantial and long-winded as it is, bears witness to a protracted process of maturity. The author addressed the topic in his PhD thesis (McGill Univ., 1987), and he has apportioned the material to a series of articles presented at a number of relevant conferences. He stands within a tradition: the origins of Bābism (and, in its wake, the Bahāʾī religion) attracted E. G. Browne’s interest when he spent “A Year amongst the Persians” in 1887-1888, and anglophone scholarship followed with works written by Hasan Balyuzi (1973), Denis MacEoin (1979, 1992, 2009), and Abbas Amanat (1989). The present book (140 pages of text with 34 pages of endnotes) addresses the philological hub of the problem, the Bāb’s Tafsīr sūrat Yūsuf, a strange product of religious Schwarmgeisterei that is anything but what it pretends to be, namely exegesis. Sūra 12 of the Qurʾān serves as a mere gimmick; the “commentary” rarely refers to the scriptural basis but accumulates a multitude of enigmatic allusions that must be decoded in the process of reception. Most of these statements conjure up the Qurʾān itself, but on the basis of a specific interpretation that could develop only in a late Iranian intellectual milieu after the spread of the Shaykhī movement. The Tafsīr itself was subdivided into 111 “sūras” of 42 verses each (because 42 is the numerical value of the word balā, the answer given by mankind to the famous a-last question in Q 7:172).
P-522 - Vagus somatosensory evoked potentials in subjects with major depression
2012-01-01

Vagus somatosensory evoked potentials (VSEP) were proposed for the detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) because of the degeneration of specific brainstem structures including Vagus nuclei early in the course of disease.Our objective was to contribute a means for differentiating between Major depression (MD) and AD. Our aim was to investigate if VSEP will be able to differentiate between healthy controls and MD where opposite to AD no brainstem involvement should occur. In 57 subjects with MD and 57 healthy controls the stimulation of the auricular branch of the Vagus nerve (ABVN) was done at the inner side of the tragus applying electrical square impulses (0.1 msec duration, interstimulus interval 2 sec, stimulus intensity 8 mA). Evoked potentials were recorded bipolarly from the electrode positions C4-F4 and Fz-F4 (band-pass 0.1 Hz to 1 kHz, analysis time 10 msec, averaging of 100 artefact-free epochs). Statistical analyses were performed by means of ANOVAs for repeated measurements with the inner-subject factor "recording site" and the between-subject factor "diagnosis". ANOVAs for the VSEP latencies P1, N1 and P2 did not show any significant effect including the factor "diagnosis". Conlusions VSEP latencies did not show statistically significant differences in subjects with MD as compared to healthy controls. This finding not only underpins the specifity of the results of VSEP in AD with longer latencies in patients than in controls but also points to a possibility to use VSEP as a method for the differential diagnosis of AD and MD which is often difficult to afford in older patients.
P-803 - Reduced neural error signaling in left inferior prefrontal cortex in adults with ADHD
2012-01-01

Neuroimaging studies in healthy subjects have shown that the neural network involved in inhibition of inappropriate response tendencies shares commonalities with the error processing network signalling failure of inhibition. It has also been proposed that the observed behavioral response inhibition deficits in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) seem to be strongly associated with dysfunctional error processing. Most studies on error processing in ADHD have been conducted in children using electrophysiological methods, while investigations in adult patients with ADHD, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in particular, are sparse. Using event-related fMRI we studied 14 adults with ADHD and 12 group-matched healthy control subjects while performing a modified version of a combined Eriksen Flanker-Go/NoGo-task. The modification permitted for the distinction between congruent and incongruent Go- and NoGo-trials, with incongruent NoGo-trials representing the most demanding condition permitting a response-based analysis of the neural error processing network of failed inhibition. Behaviourally, no differences between groups were observed for reaction times or rates of incorrect NoGo-trials. Compared to healthy controls patients with ADHD demonstrated significant hypoactivation of the left inferior frontal gyrus bordering the anterior insular cortex (BA 47), when contrasting failed against successful inhibitions. The inverse group comparison (ADHD>controls) showed no difference. Our data suggest that hypoactivation in the inferior frontal cortex might represent a neuro-functional marker of altered error processing in adults with ADHD, possibly signaling dysfunctions in the neural system that operates task-set related representations and conscious evaluation of erroneous performance.
Optimized Antiretroviral Therapy with Darunavir/Ritonavir, Etravirine and/or Raltegarvir: A Salvage Therapy Option in HIV-1 Infected Patients with Long-Term Therapeutic Failures, about 23 Cases
2012-01-01

Objectives: The aims of this study was to analyze the immuno-virologic response after optimised background antiretroviral therapy (OBT) associated to new active antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV-1 infected patients with chronic virologic failure. Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of the immuno-virologic responses in HIV-1 adult infected patients: 1) harbouring multiple therapeutic failures with ART; 2) with no virologic response obtained over 10 years (1997-2008); and 3) treated with OBT combined with new drugs including at least 1 of the 3 active ART among darunavir/ritonavir, etravirine and raltegravir; 4) observed between month 0 (M0), before new ART to month 12 (M12) after new ART initialisation. Results: Twenty three patients were included in the study. After OBT, the proportion of patients with undetectable viral load was significantly higher at M6 and M12 than M0 (86% and 73% versus 0%, p = 0.03, respectively). At the same period, the median HIV viral load decreased significantly in 19/23 (83%) patients from 4.3 to 1.69log10 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml (p 3 [0 - 604] to 449/mm3 [130 - 964] between M0 and M12 (p 3 decreased from 57% to 23% (p = 0.02). Tolerability was good and no death was recorded during the 12-month' follow-up. Conclusions: These results show that the combination of OBT with the new ART can offer a salvage therapy in patients presenting a long-term history of virologic failures.
P-491 - Sensitivity to changes during antidepressant treatment: a comparison of unidimensional depression rating scales in patients with minor depression
2012-01-01

In the efficacy evaluation of antidepressant treatments the total score of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) is still regarded as the'gold standard'. Studies suggest that unidimensional subscales of the HAMD, which capture the core depressive symptoms, outperform the full HAMD regarding the detection of antidepressant treatment effects. The present study compared several unidimensional subscales of the HAMD and the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) regarding their sensitivity to changes in depression symptoms in a sample of patients with minor depression (MIND). Biweekly IDS-C28 and HAMD17 data from 287 patients of a 10-week randomised, placebo-controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of sertraline and cognitive-behavioural group therapy in patients with MIND were converted to subscale scores and analysed during the antidepressant treatment course. We investigated sensitivity to depressive change for all scales from assessment-to-assessment, in relation to depression severity level and placebo-verum differences. The subscales performed similarly during the treatment course, with slight advantages for some subscales in detecting treatment effects depending on the treatment modality and on the items included. Most changes in depressive symptomatology were detected by the IDS short scale, but regarding effect sizes it performed worse than most subscales. Unidimensional subscales are a time- and cost-saving option in judging drug therapy outcomes, especially in antidepressant treatment efficacy studies. However, subscales do not cover all facets of depression, which might be important for comprehensively understanding the nature of the disease depression. Therefore, the cost-to-benefit ratio must be carefully assessed in the decision for using unidimensional subscales.
Problems of experimental and theoretical studies of the Gamow-Teller giant resonance in118Sb
2012-01-01

Properties of the Gamow-Teller giant resonance (GTGR) in 118Sb are described within the semi-microscopic approach based on the extended version of the "charge-exchange" continuum-quasiparticle-random-phase-approximation and phenomenological treatment of the spreading effect. The structure effect of the configuration splitting of this GTGR is confirmed. With taking this effect into account the experimental data on excitation of the GTGR in direct and resonance reactions are analyzed.
Ice-Free-Cryopreservation Attenuates Calcification in Allograft Heart Valves
2012-01-01

Abstract The objective of the study was to attenuate calcification in allogeneic ovine pulmonary heart valves. Six valves of white face sheep were ice-free-cryopreserved (STUDY) in 12.6 mol/L cryoprotectant (4.65, 4.65, and 3.31 mol/L of DMSO, formamide and 1,2-propanediol) and stored at -80°C. 6 control valves were cryopreserved by controlled slow rate freezing in 1.4 mol/L DMSO and stored in vapor-phase nitrogen (CONTROL). After 7 months in vivo explanted valves were processed for histopathology. Gross morphology showed significantly thickened leaflets in the CONTROL group. Histopathology revealed a marked calcification in the leaflet stroma and conduit wall. STUDY valves in contrast demonstrated well preserved ECM structures, no leaflet thickening, inflammation and only neglectable calcification in the conduit wall. Only discrete panus formation was noted migrating from the ventricularis onto the leaflet. Ice-free-cryopreservation enables attenuation of calcification in ovine allografts valves. The observed decreased calcification warrant improved long-term function.
Cylindrical vector beams for imaging and spectroscopy of single nanoparticles and single quantum systems
2012-01-01

Cylindrical vector beams have created an increasing interest for applications in confocal optical microscopy due to their unique polarization properties in the focal region of a high numerical aperture objective lens or in a parabolic mirror. They have proven to be an efficient technique for probing the threedimensional orientation and dimensionality of the excitation transition dipole moment (TDM) of single nanoparticles and single quantum systems. (180.0180)
Supergiant fast X-ray transients with Swift: Spectroscopic and temporal properties
2012-01-01

Supergiant fast X-ray transients (SFXTs) are a class of high-mass X-ray binaries with possible counterparts in the high energy gamma rays. The Swift SFXT Project has conducted a systematic investigation of the properties of SFTXs on timescales ranging from minutes to years and in several intensity states (from bright flares, to intermediate intensity states, and down to almost quiescence). We also performed broad-band spectroscopy of outbursts, and intensity-selected spectroscopy outside of outbursts. We demonstrated that while the brightest phase of the outburst only lasts a few hours, further activity is observed at lower fluxes for a remarkably longer time, up to weeks. Furthermore, we assessed the fraction of the time these sources spend in each phase, and their duty cycle of inactivity. We present the most recent results from our investigation. The spectroscopic and, most importantly, timing properties of SFXTs we have uncovered with Swift will serve as a guide in search for the high energy emission from these enigmatic objects.
Swift monitoring of IGR J16418–4532
2012-01-01

We report on the Swift observations of the candidate supergiant fast X-ray transient (SFXT) IGR J16418-4532, which has an orbital period of ~3.7 d. Our monitoring, for a total of ~43 ks, spans over three orbits and represents the most intense and complete sampling along the orbital period of the light curve of this source. If one assumes a circular orbit, the X-ray emission from this source can be explained by accretion from a spherically symmetric clumpy wind from a blue supergiant, composed of clumps with different masses, ranging from ~5x10^16 g to 10^21g.
COSMIC STRINGS STABILIZED BY FERMION FLUCTUATIONS
2012-01-01

We provide a thorough exposition of recent results on the quantum stabilization of cosmic strings. Stabilization occurs through the coupling to a heavy fermion doublet in a reduced version of the standard model. The study combines the vacuum polarization energy of fermion zero-point fluctuations and the binding energy of occupied energy levels, which are of the same order in a semi-classical expansion. Populating these bound states assigns a charge to the string. Strings carrying fermion charge become stable if the Higgs and gauge fields are coupled to a fermion that is less than twice as heavy as the top quark. The vacuum remains stable in the model, because neutral strings are not energetically favored. These findings suggest that extraordinarily large fermion masses or unrealistic couplings are not required to bind a cosmic string in the standard model.
ABC Effect and Resonance Structure in the Double-Pionic Fusion to3He
2012-01-01

Historically the double-pionic fusion to 3He is the reaction, where the ABC effect (low-mass enhancement of the ππ-invariant mass spectrum) was observed for the first time more than 50 years ago. Meanwhile exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurements with WASA at COSY revealed a strict correlation between the ABC effect and a narrow resonance structure with I(JP) = 0(3+) in the total cross section of the most basic double-pionic fusion, the pn → dπ0π0 reaction. In order to investigate the situation in the double-pionic fusion to 3He the energy dependence of the ABC effect in the fusion to 3He has been measured by fixed energy measurements of the type pd →3Heππ as well as by quasifree and coherent measurements of the type dd →3He n ππ.
Using Nominal Compounds for Word Sense Discrimination
2012-01-01

In many morphologically rich languages, conceptually independent morphemes are glued together to form a new word (a compound) with a meaning that is often at least in part predictable from the meanings of the contributing morphemes. Assuming that most compounds express a subconcept of exactly one sense of its nominal head, we use compounds as a higher-quality alternative to simply using general second-order collocate terms in the task of word sense discrimination. We evaluate our approach using lexical entries from the German wordnet GermaNet (Henrich and Hinrichs, 2010). 1
Parameters of scalar resonances from the combined analysis ofππscattering and coupled-channel data
2012-01-01

Peculiarities of obtaining parameters for broad multichannel resonances from data are discussed analyzing the experimental data on processes ππ → ππ, KK ̄ , in the scalar channel in a model-independent approach based on analyticity and unitarity and using an uniformization procedure. It is shown that one can obtain a good description of the ππ scattering data from the threshold up to 1.89 GeV with values of resonance parameters cited in the PDG tables as preferred. However, in this case the representation of the ππ background is not satisfactory and the data on the coupled process ππ → KK ̄ are not well described, above 1.15 GeV even qualitatively. The combined analysis of the considered coupled processes is needed, which is also carried out satisfactorily. Then both above-indicated deficiencies related to the one-channel analysis are removed. The most important change concerns parameters of the f0(600) which are now in some accordance with the prediction by Weinberg on the basis of mended symmetry. The obtained ππ- scattering length agrees well with the values extracted from the data on Ke4 decay and DIRAC experiment and also with results from ChPT.