julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Differential cortical activation patterns: pioneering sub-classification of tinnitus with and without hyperacusis by combining audiometry, gamma oscillations, and hemodynamics
2024-01-04

The ongoing controversies about the neural basis of tinnitus, whether linked with central neural gain or not, may hamper efforts to develop therapies. We asked to what extent measurable audiometric characteristics of tinnitus without (T) or with co-occurrence of hyperacusis (TH) are distinguishable on the level of cortical responses. To accomplish this, electroencephalography (EEG) and concurrent functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were measured while patients performed an attentionally demanding auditory discrimination task using stimuli within the individual tinnitus frequency (fTin) and a reference frequency (fRef). Resting-state-fMRI-based functional connectivity (rs-fMRI-bfc) in ascending auditory nuclei (AAN), the primary auditory cortex (AC-I), and four other regions relevant for directing attention or regulating distress in temporal, parietal, and prefrontal cortex was compiled and compared to EEG and concurrent fNIRS activity in the same brain areas. We observed no group differences in pure-tone audiometry (PTA) between 10 and 16 kHz. However, the PTA threshold around the tinnitus pitch was positively correlated with the self-rated tinnitus loudness and also correlated with distress in T-groups, while TH experienced their tinnitus loudness at minimal loudness levels already with maximal suffering scores. The T-group exhibited prolonged auditory brain stem (ABR) wave I latency and reduced ABR wave V amplitudes (indicating reduced neural synchrony in the brainstem), which were associated with lower rs-fMRI-bfc between AAN and the AC-I, as observed in previous studies. In T-subjects, these features were linked with elevated spontaneous and reduced evoked gamma oscillations and with reduced deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) concentrations in response to stimulation with lower frequencies in temporal cortex (Brodmann area (BA) 41, 42, 22), implying less synchronous auditory responses during active auditory discrimination of reference frequencies. In contrast, in the TH-group gamma oscillations and hemodynamic responses in temporoparietal regions were reversed during active discrimination of tinnitus frequencies. Our findings suggest that T and TH differ in auditory discrimination and memory-dependent directed attention during active discrimination at either tinnitus or reference frequencies, offering a test paradigm that may allow for more precise sub-classification of tinnitus and future improved treatment approaches.
A Monodisperse, End‐Capped Ru(bda) Oligomer with Outstanding Performance in Heterogeneous Electrochemical Water Oxidation
2024-01-04

Abstract Water oxidation catalysis is a key step for sustainable fuel production by water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen. The synthesis of a novel coordination oligomer based on four Ru(bda) (bda = 2,2′‐bipyridine‐6,6′‐dicarboxylate) centers, three 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bpy) linkers, and two 4‐picoline (4‐pic) end caps is reported. The monodispersity of this tetranuclear compound is characterized by NMR techniques. Heterogeneous electrochemical water oxidation after immobilization on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) shows catalytic performance unprecedented for this compound class, with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 133 s −1 and a turnover number (TON) of 4.89 × 10 6 , at a current density of 43.8 mA cm −2 and a potential of 1.45 V versus normal hydrogen electrode (NHE).
Digital gait outcomes for ARSACS: discriminative, convergent and ecological validity in a multi-center study (PROSPAX)
2024-01-04

Abstract Background With treatment trials on the horizon, this study aimed to identify candidate digital-motor gait outcomes for Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS), capturable by wearable sensors with multi-center validity, and ideally also ecological validity during free walking outside laboratory settings. Methods Cross-sectional multi-center study (4 centers), with gait assessments in 36 subjects (18 ARSACS patients; 18 controls) using three body-worn sensors (Opal, APDM) in laboratory settings and free walking in public space. Sensor gait measures were analyzed for discriminative validity from controls, and for convergent (i.e. clinical and patient-relevance) validity by correlations with SPRS mobility (primary outcome) and SARA, SPRS and FARS-ADL (exploratory outcomes). Results Of 30 hypothesis-based digital gait measures, 14 measures discriminated ARSACS patients from controls with large effect sizes (|Cliff’s δ| &gt; 0.8) in laboratory settings, with strongest discrimination by measures of spatiotemporal variability Lateral Step Deviation (δ=0.98), SPcmp (δ=0.94) and Swing CV (δ=0.93). Large correlations with the SPRS mobility were observed for Swing CV (Spearman’s ρ = 0.84), Speed (ρ=-0.63) and Harmonic Ratio V (ρ=-0.62). During supervised free walking in public space, 11/30 gait measures discriminated ARSACS from controls with large effect sizes. Large correlations with SPRS mobility were here observed for Swing CV (ρ=0.78) and Speed (ρ=-0.69), without reductions in effect sizes compared to lab settings. Conclusion We identified a promising set of digital-motor candidate gait outcomes for ARSACS, applicable in multi-center settings, correlating with patient-relevant health aspects, and with high validity also outside lab settings, thus simulating real-life walking with higher ecological validity.
Custom and Its Interpretation in International Investment Law
2024-01-04

Despite the undeniable ‘treatification’ of international investment law, that should not lead one to the erroneous assumption that, as a direct consequence of this, other sources of law and custom in particular, become gradually and increasingly more irrelevant in this particular filed of international law. Contrarily, customary rules remain of fundamental importance in what has been called ‘the age of treatification of international investment law’. Furthermore, custom, both in its primary rule and secondary rule incarnation, potentially will even further grow in its importance to international investment law and arbitration, considering the seemingly increasing trend of what may be dubbed if not a ‘de-treatification’ then at least a decrease in the number of treaties (or treaty ratifications) relating to international investment law. Even with the justified criticisms about false narratives and the creation of custom being a reflection of prior and current power structures, the study of custom and its function across all stages of its life-cycle has a lot to yield. Both these criticisms and the general academic inquiries into the lacunae of custom (at the identification as well as the interpretation/content-determination stages) contribute to the gradual refinement of our understanding of how custom works, how it is used, what gaps it has and how it can adapt to modern challenges and new circumstances.
How tool combinations in different pipeline versions affect the outcome in RNA-seq analysis
2024-01-04

This upload contains data and code used to generate the statistics and graphs discussed in the paper "How tool combinations in different pipeline versions affect the outcome in RNA-seq analysis". The paper was pre-published on BioRxiv and submitted for publication to NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics.
A monodisperse, end-capped Ru(bda) oligomer with outstanding performance in heterogeneous electrochemical water oxidation
2024-01-04

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Synthesis of a monodisperse oligomer from Ru(bda) (bda&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;2,2&amp;rsquo;-bipyridine-6,6&amp;rsquo;-dicarboxylate), 4,4&amp;rsquo;-bipyridine linkers and 4‐picoline end caps afforded a highly stable water oxidation catalyst. After deposition on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, an active electrode material with outstanding performance in heterogeneous electrochemical water oxidation catalysis is obtained.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
How tool combinations in different pipeline versions affect the outcome in RNA-seq analysis
2024-01-04

&lt;p&gt;This upload contains data and code used to generate the statistics and graphs discussed in the paper "How tool combinations in different pipeline versions affect the outcome in RNA-seq analysis".&nbsp; The paper was pre-published on &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.04.560168"&gt;BioRxiv&lt;/a&gt; and submitted for publication to NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics.&lt;/p&gt;
How tool combinations in different pipeline versions affect the outcome in RNA-seq analysis
2024-01-05

Abstract Data analysis tools are continuously changed and improved over time. In order to test how these changes influence the comparability between analyses, the output of different workflow options of the nf-core/rnaseq pipeline were compared. Five different pipeline settings (STAR+Salmon, STAR+RSEM, STAR+featureCounts, HISAT2+featureCounts, pseudoaligner Salmon) were run on three datasets (human, Arabidopsis, zebrafish) containing spike-ins of the External RNA Control Consortium (ERCC). Fold change ratios and differential expression of genes and spike-ins were used for comparative analyses of the different tools and versions settings of the pipeline. An overlap of 85% for differential gene classification between pipelines could be shown. Genes interpreted with a bias were mostly those present at lower concentration. Also, the number of isoforms and exons per gene were determinants. Previous pipeline versions using featureCounts showed a higher sensitivity to detect one-isoform genes like ERCC. To ensure data comparability in long-term analysis series it would be recommendable to either stay with the pipeline version the series was initialized with or to run both versions during a transition time in order to ensure that the target genes are addressed the same way.
Modeling the Conduction Mechanism in Chemoresistive Gas Sensor Based on Single-Crystalline Sn3O4 Nanobelts: A Phenomenological In Operando Investigation
2024-01-05

Investigating the sensing mechanisms in semiconducting metal oxide (SMOx) gas sensors is essential for optimizing their performance across a wide range of potential applications. Despite significant progress in the field, there are still many gaps in comprehending the phenomenological processes occurring in one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures. This article presents the first insights into the conduction mechanism of chemoresistive gas sensors based on single-crystalline Sn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanobelts using the operando Kelvin Probe technique. From this approach, direct current (DC) electrical resistance and work function changes were simultaneously measured in different working conditions, and a correlation between the conductance and the surface band bending was established. Appropriate modeling was proposed, and the results revealed that the conduction mechanism in the single-crystalline one-dimensional nanostructures closely aligns with the behavior observed in single-crystalline epitaxial layers rather than in polycrystalline grains. Based on this assumption, relevant parameters were further estimated, including Debye length, concentration of free charge carriers, effective density of states in the conduction band, and position of the Fermi level. Overall, this study provides an effective contribution to understanding the role of surface chemistry in the transduction of the electrical signal generated from gas adsorption in single-crystalline one-dimensional nanostructures.
The light side of gaming: creativity and brain plasticity
2024-01-05

Could gaming enhance brain plasticity and executive functions (EFs) by fostering creativity? We identify vital benefits from further research exploring the relationship between games, brain plasticity, and creativity. The ongoing progress in neuroscience research in these three disciplines offers many possibilities and prospects for impactful therapy. Therefore, we emphasize the significance of investigating the untapped potentials of using games in creative therapy—our perspective on the often-overlooked neuroscientific aspect of creativity concerning health and wellbeing. One of these potentials is examining games as a therapeutic tool, focusing on their capacity to inspire and engage the imagination and other mental operators shared with creativity. Using a game as a therapeutic approach may boost brain plasticity, which may help them reduce their cognitive impairments by improving their EFs. This review offers a comprehensive outline of the latest advancements in the literature on games that tie to creativity through enhancing brain plasticity and EFs. Communicating this knowledge can furnish countless possibilities to improve our overall health and wellbeing and foster a positive perspective in individuals affected by anxiety.
The impact of emotional dysregulation and comorbid depressive symptoms on clinical features, brain arousal, and treatment response in adults with ADHD
2024-01-05

Introduction The role of emotional dysregulation (ED) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become an important issue. This study, in which we analyzed data from a predictive pharmaco-EEG-trial, aimed to examine whether symptoms of ED in adult ADHD affect ADHD symptom severity, brain arousal regulation as measured by resting EEG, and the response to stimulant medication. Methods ED is defined as having a sex- and age-corrected T -score of &amp;gt;70 on the emotional lability subscale of the German version of Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale. A total of 115 participants were included in the study, 56 of whom had ED. Participants with ED were more impaired in terms of the severity of core ADHD symptoms, especially inattentive symptoms, comorbid depressive symptoms, interpersonal relationships, and quality of life. In addition, participants with ED were more likely to report a total score above 13 on the Beck Depression Inventory-II, which was considered to be the cutoff for mild depression. Results No differences were found between the ED and non-ED groups in response to stimulant medication or in brain arousal regulation. In addition, there was no significant effect of ED with comorbid depressive symptoms on treatment response. There was a trend for subgroups that showed a change in brain arousal regulation associated with symptom improvement. Discussion Our findings may support the assumption that ED may be an important feature of ADHD. The use of EEG-based brain arousal regulation as a diagnostic and predictive tool in ADHD in the presence of ED and comorbid depressive symptoms should be further investigated.
Analysis of Predictors and Risk Factors of Postpolypectomy Syndrome
2024-01-05

Background and aims: Postpolypectomy syndrome (PPS) is a relevant adverse event that can appear after polypectomy. Several publications mention postpolypectomy syndrome using different criteria to define it. The aim of this study is to detect potential risk factors and predictors for developing PPS and to define the main criteria of PPS. Methods: In this retrospective monocentric study, 475 out of 966 patients who underwent colonoscopy with polypectomy from October 2015 to June 2020 were included. The main criterion of PPS is defined as the development of postinterventional abdominal pain lasting more than six hours. Results: A total of 9.7% of the patients developed PPS, which was defined as local abdominal pain around the polypectomy area after six hours. A total of 8.6% of the study population had abdominal pain within six hours postintervention. A total of 3.7% had an isolated triad of fever, leukocytosis, and increased CRP in the absence of abdominal pain. Increased CRP combined with an elevated temperature over 37.5 °C seems to be a positive predictor for developing PPS. Four independent risk factors could be detected: serrated polyp morphology, polypoid configurated adenomas, polyp localization in the cecum, and the absence of intraepithelial neoplasia. Conclusions: Four independent risk factors for developing PPS were detected. The combination of increased CRP levels with elevated temperature seems to be a predictor for this pathology. As expected, the increasing use of cold snare polypectomies will reduce the incidence of this syndrome. Key summary: Our monocentric study on 966 patients detected four independent risk factors for developing PPS: pedunculated polyp, resected polyps in the cecum, absence of IEN, and serrated polyp morphology. The combination of increased CRP levels with elevated temperature seems to be a predictor for this pathology.
Pre-treatment 18F-FDG-PET/CT parameters as biomarkers for progression free survival, best overall response and overall survival in metastatic melanoma patients undergoing first-line immunotherapy
2024-01-05

Background Checkpoint inhibitors have drastically improved the therapy of patients with advanced melanoma. 18F-FDG-PET/CT parameters might act as biomarkers for response and survival and thus can identify patients that do not benefit from immunotherapy. However, little literature exists on the association of baseline 18F-FDG-PET/CT parameters with progression free survival (PFS), best overall response (BOR), and overall survival (OS). Materials and methods Using a whole tumor volume segmentation approach, we investigated in a retrospective registry study (n = 50) whether pre-treatment 18F-FDG-PET/CT parameters of three subgroups (tumor burden, tumor glucose uptake and non-tumoral hematopoietic tissue metabolism), can act as biomarkers for the primary endpoints PFS and BOR as well as for the secondary endpoint OS. Results Compared to the sole use of clinical parameters, baseline 18F-FDG-PET/CT parameters did not significantly improve a Cox proportional-hazard model for PFS (C-index/AIC: 0.70/225.17 and 0.68/223.54, respectively; p = 0.14). A binomial logistic regression analysis for BOR was not statistically significant (χ 2 (15) = 16.44, p = 0.35), with a low amount of explained variance (Nagelkerke’s R 2 = 0.38). Mean FDG uptake of the spleen contributed significantly to a Cox proportional-hazard model for OS (HR 3.55, p = 0.04). Conclusions The present study could not confirm the capability of the pre-treatment 18F-FDG-PET/CT parameters tumor burden, tumor glucose uptake and non-tumoral hematopoietic tissue metabolism to act as biomarkers for PFS and BOR in metastatic melanoma patients receiving first-line immunotherapy. The documented potential of 18F-FDG uptake by immune-mediating tissues such as the spleen to act as a biomarker for OS has been reproduced.
Examining the Conscientiousness × Interest Compensation (CONIC) model with similar constructs in high school and college students
2024-01-05

The Conscientiousness × Interest Compensation (CONIC) model (Authors, 2019) assumes that the two constructs conscientiousness and interest can (partly) compensate for each other in predicting academic effort and achievement. We extend previous work by testing the CONIC model in two independent U.S. samples from different age groups (high school sample: N = 1,246, Mage = 14.86 years; college sample: N = 581, Mage = 19.83 years). We also assessed whether the compensatory relations occur when grit is substituted for conscientiousness and students' overall task value or utility value for interest. We preregistered the study and tested the various models for both science and math effort as well as achievement, using latent variable regression analyses. Overall, we found some support for the CONIC model in the U. S. samples. There was also some support for the extensions of the model to the other constructs; however, the predictive links were not as strong.
Integrative emotion regulation relates to sympathy and support for outgroups—Independent of situational outgroup behaviour
2024-01-05

Intergroup emotions powerfully shape intergroup relations. Anger and fear fuel, while hope and sympathy reduce intergroup strife. This implies that emotion regulation may play an important role in improving intergroup relations. Broadening the scope of prior research, we herein investigate the potential benefits of integrative emotion regulation for improving intergroup relations. Integrative emotion regulation involves actively paying attention to emotions to determine which information they provide. Interindividual differences in the use of integrative emotion regulation correlate with sympathy and supportiveness towards outgroups, but why this is the case is unclear. We tested two possible explanations: a person effect (i.e., interindividual differences in integrative emotion regulation shape respondents’ general outlook on outgroups) and a person-situation interaction effect (i.e., integrative emotion regulation reduces the impact of situational factors that would typically dampen sympathy, thereby shaping situation-specific responses to outgroups). In four experiments (total N = 984), we manipulated outgroup behaviour and measured interindividual differences in integrative emotion regulation. We found no interaction between integrative emotion regulation and outgroup behaviour in predicting outgroup-directed sympathy and supportiveness. Instead, integrative emotion regulation consistently correlated positively with supportiveness, mediated by sympathy. These findings suggest that those high in integrative emotion regulation have a more positive, general outlook on outgroups than those low in integrative emotion regulation, but being high in integrative emotion does not alter situational responses.
Au30(PiPr2nBu)12Cl6—An Open Cluster Provides Insight into the Influence of the Sterical Demand of the Phosphine Ligand in the Formation of Metalloid Gold Clusters
2024-01-05

Phosphine-stabilized gold clusters are an important subgroup of metalloid gold cluster compounds and are important model compounds for nanoparticles. Although there are numerous gold clusters with different phosphine ligands, the effect of phosphine on cluster formation and structure remains unclear. While the linear alkyl-substituted phosphine gold chlorides result in a Au32 cluster, the bulky tBu3P leads to a Au20 cluster. The reduction of (iPr2nBuP)AuCl, with the steric demand of the phosphine ligand between the mentioned phosphines, results in the successful synthesis and crystallization of a new metalloid gold cluster, Au30(PiPr2nBu)12Cl6. Its structure is similar to the Au32 cluster but with two missing AuCl units. The UV/Vis studies and quantum chemical calculations show the similarities between the two clusters and the influence of the phosphine ligand in the synthesis of metalloid gold clusters.