julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
ABC Effect in Double-Pionic Fusion – a New Resonance?
2012-01-01

ABC effect, an intriguing low-mass enhancement in the ππ invariant mass spectrum — known since more than 50 years from inclusive measurements of double-pionic fusion reactions — is reexamined. To this end exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics experiments of the fusion reactions to d, 3He and 4He have been carried out with WASA at COSY. These measurements cover the full energy region, where the ABC effect has been observed previously. They also complement the systematic measurements of nucleon-nucleon induced two-pion production. An isospin decomposition of all three basic double-pionic fusion reactions leading to the deuteron uniquely shows that solely the isoscalar reaction part exhibits the ABC effect tightly correlated with a narrow resonance structure in the total cross section. The peak energy of the resonance structure is about 90 MeV below the nominal ΔΔ threshold of 2 mΔ and its width of only 70 MeV is much less than the 2 ГΔ expected from the conventional t-channel ΔΔ process. Based on angular distributions the quantum numbers I(JP) = 0(3+) have been assigned. In the double-pionic fusion reaction dd→4Heπ0π0 again the ABC effect is observed to be correlated with the appearance of a resonance-like structure in the total cross section at the same excess energy. From this we conclude that this resonance structure obviously is strong enough to survive even in nuclei.\\n
Three Approaches to Finding German Valence Compounds
2012-01-01

Valence compounds (German: Rektionskomposita) such as Autofahrer ‘car driver’ are a special subclass in the otherwise very heterogeneous class of nominal compounds. As the corresponding verb (fahren ‘to drive’ in the example) governs the (accusative) object (Auto ‘car’), valence compounds allow for a straightforward (event-)semantic interpretation. Hence the automatic detection of valence compounds constitutes an essential step towards a more comprehensive approach to the analysis of compound-internal semantic relations. Using a hand-annotated dataset of 200 examples, we develop an accurate approach that finds valence compounds in large-scale corpora.
The future of the global church: History, trends and possibilities, Patrick Johnstone : book review
2012-01-01

Johnstone chronicles the worldwide history of Christian mission, and projects its future from an evangelical perspective in the context of demographics, major religious movements and ideological developments. An impressive array of color-coded maps and charts presents data on the evangelization of people groups drawn from the World Christian Encyclopedia and Operation World databases.
Shape coexistence, shape evolution and Gamow-Teller β-decay of neutron-rich A≃100 nuclei
2012-01-01

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. Petrovici, K. W. Schmid, A. Faessler; Shape coexistence, shape evolution and Gamow-Teller β-decay of neutron-rich A≃100 nuclei. AIP Conference Proceedings 20 November 2012; 1498 (1): 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4768478 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
New Moabite inscriptions and their historical relevance
2012-01-01

To elucidate the high quality of the Moabite text corpus two recently found Moabite inscriptions are presented and discussed: the unprovenanced royal inscription and the pestle inscription of el-B?lū'. In spite of regional linguistic differences, the new Moabite texts argue that the Mesha inscription is still a reliable reference text to evaluate other Moabite texts, regardless whether they are official, such as the royal inscription, or colloquial, such as the pestle inscription. Moreover, it seems that there have been (semi-)literate groups in Iron Age Moab. The poetic yet profane pestle inscription underlines the literary skill of its author and his audience suggesting that literacy was at least not an isolated phenomenon. Furthermore, the royal inscription refers to a Moabite expansion to the north after the time of Mesha, thus attesting to the biblical description of the region east of the river Jordan as ערבח מואב in the 8th century BCE.
Questions of Trust
2012-01-01

We consider the application of Game Theory in the model- ing of different strategies of politeness. In particular, we examine how differences in the linguistic form of requests and proposals map onto the structure of the game being played by interlocutors. We show how considerations of social wants (1, 2) and coordination and cooperation motivate these differences. First, we adapt the notion of other-regarding preferences (3, 4) to show how linguistic systems with the ability to en- code politeness strategies allow for requests and cooperation between a wider range of individuals. Finally, we connect the distinction between requests and proposals to the notion of a self-enforcing equilibrium (5).
Armed oncolytic measles vaccine virus–a novel therapeutic agent for virotherapy of sarcomas of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal origin
2012-01-01

Introduction: The oncolytic potential of measles vaccine virus (MeV) has been demonstrated in several tumor models but it has also been shown that primary and secondary resistances exist or may arise. To improve the oncolytic potential of MeV and to overcome resistances, a suicide gene (SCD) was inserted (MeV-SCD) which allows the systemic application of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) which is locally converted into the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). 5-FU is diffusible and can kill primarily non-infected neighbouring cells. Aims: To investigate if MeV-SCD in combination with the prodrug 5-FC is a suitable tool to overcome primary resistances towards MeV mediated oncolysis. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of resistance should be elucidated. Results: MeV-SCD was used to infect eight sarcoma cell lines in the presence or absence of the prodrug 5-FC. Five cell lines were found to be susceptible to MeV-SCD mediated oncolysis whereas three showed a primary resistance which could be overcome by employment of an increased input of viral particles and application of the prodrug 5-FC. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of tumor cell resistance versus susceptibility we had a closer look at one MeV resistant (SRH) and one MeV susceptible (BRZ) sarcoma cell line. Viral growth curves revealed an inhibition of viral replication in the resistant sarcoma cell line. Real time PCR analyses showed a strong induction of TLR3, MDA5 as well as interferon beta mRNA in the resistant cell line whereas there was no induction of these transcripts in the susceptible cell line. Western Blot analyses showed constitutive phosphorylation of Stat1 in the resistant cell line which was increased after infection with MeV-SCD. No Stat1 phosphorylation/Stat1 activation could be detected in the susceptible cell line. Conclusion: Differences in interferon signaling were found to account for resistance or susceptibility of tumor cells towards MeV mediated oncolysis.
Comparison of two size variants of a miniaturized multi-compartment three-dimensional (3D)-bioreactor system for primary human hepatocyte cultivation
2012-01-01

Co-cultivation of primary human hepatocytes (pHH) with nonparenchymal liver cells in a perfused 3D-membrane capillary bioreactor (BR) enables more efficient long-term cell cultivation with maintenance of the physiological cell functions in comparison to standard 2D culture systems. Due to the restricted availability of primary human liver cells, miniaturization of the culture system while providing sufficient material for extra- and intracellular analyses is desirable for in vitro studies on hepatocyte physiology and metabolism. In this study two size variants of a miniaturized multi-compartment BR technology consisting of two or four capillary layers, each composed of medium perfusion and oxygenation capillaries were compared with respect to their metabolic activity. pHH from the same donors, (n=3) respectively, were cultivated in parallel in two- or four-layer BRs for 10 days with regular measurement of metabolic parameters. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4/5, as well as urea production showed no significant differences in the two different BR systems during the cultivation period. Equally aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, measured to assess cellular injury, showed comparative concentrations in both systems. In addition, immunochemically assessed expression patterns of cytokeratin (CK) 19 as biliary marker, CK18 as hepatocyte/biliary marker and the mesenchymal marker vimentin confirmed the preservation of cellular identity within the two size variants of the BR technology. In conclusion both miniaturized BR systems are suitable for extended pHH culture while preserving specific metabolism. While the smaller model is useful for studies with small cell numbers, experiments requiring larger cell numbers for complex analyses should be performed with the four-layer model.
CoPAn: Exploring Recurring Patterns in Conflict Analysis of CDCL SAT Solvers (Tool Presentation)
2012-01-01

Even though the CDCL algorithm and current SAT solvers perform tremendously well for many industrial instances, the perfor- mance is highly sensitive to specific parameter settings. Slight modifi- cations may cause completely different solving behaviors for the same benchmark. A fast run is often related to learning of 'good' clauses. Our tool CoPAn allows the user for an in-depth analysis of conflicts and the process of creating learnt clauses. Particularly we focus on iso- morphic patterns within the resolution operation for different conflicts. Common proof logging output of any CDCL solver can be adapted to configure the analysis of CoPAn in multiple ways. 1 Introduction and Motivation Though the vast success of the CDCL approach to SAT solving (12,16,6) is well-documented, it is not fully understood, why small changes in the choice of parameters may cause significantly different behavior of the solver. With the tool presented in this paper, we provide a perspective to find an answer for the question about subtle differences between successful and rather bad solver runs. Our tool CoPAn, an abbreviation for Conflict Pattern Analysis, can be used to analyse the complete learning and conflict analysis of a CDCL solver using the common proof logging output of the systems. Due to the use of efficient external data structures, CoPAn manages to cope with a big amount of logged data. The influence of learning to the SAT solvers' efficiency is undeniable (10). On the one hand new measures for the quality of learnt clauses based on the obser- vation of CDCL solvers on industrial instances (4) were proposed. On the other hand it is very promising to turn away from these static measures that cause a definitive elimination of clauses and focus on a dynamical handling of learnt clauses (3). Therefore changes in learning schemes can lead to a considerable speed-up of the solving process (see (15,4,8)). We are convinced that CoPAn can help to obtain a better understanding about when and how good clauses are learnt by the SAT solver. We provide a tool for in-depth analysis of conflicts and the associated process of producing learnt clauses.
DLOGTIME-Proof Systems.
2012-01-01

We define DLOGTIME proof systems, DLTPS, which generalize NC0 proof systems. It is known that functions such as Exactk and Majority do not have NC0 proof systems. Here, we give a DLTPS for Exactk (and therefore for Majority) and also for other natural functions such as Reach and Cliquek. Though many interesting functions have DLTPS, we show that there are languages in NP which do not have DLTPS. We consider the closure properties of DLTPS and prove that they are closed under union and concatenation but are not closed under intersection and complement. Finally, we consider a hierarchy of polylogarithmic time proof systems and show that the hierarchy is strict.
The Richard Wurmbrand case - examined on the background of the relations between the Protestant Churches in Germany and the Orthodox Church in Romania during the Cold War (1945-1980) : research in progress
2012-01-01

This research in contemporary church history at Tubingen University focuses on the specific case of Rev. Richard Wurmbrand, which took place in the turbulent phase of upheaval between the late 1960s and early 1970s in Germany. Being known for his books Tortured for Christ (1967) and In God's underground (1968), etc., Wurmbrand supported the Christians in suffering and persecution behind the iron curtain. All this happened after Wurmbrand had been freed in 1964 with the help of the Norwegian Israel Mission and Christian Jews from England. He then came to the West in 1965 and raised his voice for the voiceless. But his efforts to enlighten people on this real existing socialism were not only met with open interest, but also provoked harsh criticism from a number of Protestants in West Germany accusing Wurmbrand of anticommunism and considering him a troublemaker for the East-West detente.
On the Human Capital of Inca Indios before and after the Spanish Conquest. Was there a “Pre-Colonial Legacy”?
2012-01-01

Not only the colonial period, but also the pre-colonial times might have influenced later development patterns. In this study we assess a potential pre-colonial legacy hypothesis for the case of the Andean region. In order to analyze the hypothesis, we study the human capital of Inca Indios, using age-heaping-based techniques to estimate basic numeracy skills. We find that Peruvian Inca Indios had only around half the numeracy level of the Spanish invaders. The hypothesis holds even after adjusting for a number of potential biases. Moreover, the finding has also crucial implications for the narrative of the military crisis of the Inca Empire. A number of explanations have been given as to why the Old American Empires were not able to defend their territory against the Spanish invaders in the early 16th century. We add an economic hypothesis to the debate and test it with new evidence: Were the human capital formation efforts of the Inca economy perhaps too limited, making it difficult to react appropriately to the Spanish challenge?
Innovation, tort law, and competition
2012-01-01

In this paper, we examine the link between innovative activity on the part of firms, the competitive pressure to introduce innovations and optimal damages awards. While innovative activity brings forth valuable new products for consumers, competitive pressure in the ensuing innovation race induces firms to launch innovations too early, thereby raising the likelihood of severe product risks above the optimal failure rate. Introducing innovations too early may call for the application of punitive damages instead of mere compensation of harm caused, in order to decelerate such welfare-reducing innovation races. The optimal tort system is accordingly highly dependent not only on the expected profits and the effectiveness of time delays with respect to reducing expected harm, but also on the competitive environment in which firms operate. -- competition ; innovation ; punitive damages ; tort law
Immigration, Enterprises, and Employment in the European Union
2012-01-01

We study the eects of ethnic diversity, measured by the share of immigrants in the total population in the EU member countries, on the number of establishments and employment in the EU. We distinguish between dierent industries and
8.1.3 Influence of Oxygen Impurities on the CO/H2 Selectivity of GaN Based Gas Sensors
2012-01-01

We report on the influence of oxygen impurities on the gas sensing properties of gallium nitride based chemiresistors, once prepared by using synthesized GaN from nitridation of Ga 2 O 3 and once by using a commercial GaN.Time dependencies of the resistance for untreated-and ammonia treated-GaN sensors exposed to carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ) in pure nitrogen at 530 °C is investigated.The untreated GaN sensors show high response towards both CO and H 2 whereas for ammonia treated GaN sensors the sensitivity towards CO is dramatically reduced.The decrease in CO sensor response for ammonia treated GaN sensors is attributed to a decrease in the wt.% of contaminated oxygen in as synthesized-and commercial-GaN after their treatment in dry ammonia.
‘Good change’ in the woods: conceptual and ethical perspectives on integrating sustainable land-use and biodiversity protection
2012-01-01

The interrelations between land use, protection of biodiversity, mitigation of and adaption to climate change are contested. Hence possible synergies as well as conflicts have to be identified. But not only empirical data, models and scenarios have to contribute here: Conceptual and ethical perspectives play an important role for adequately setting and enacting the agenda. A realistic and feasible integration of climate change adaptation and nature conservation is a general and accepted goal. Within this, one building block should be a justified concept of ‘good change’. This is of importance for both land-use and conservation since both often tend to stick too closely to static concepts of alleged stability of existing states of nature. However, ‘good change’ neither is to be confused with a downplaying of disastrous effects of climate change nor with an uncritical affirmation of change per se. In this paper forestry shall serve as a specific example for the needs of integrating sustainable land-use and biodiversity protection with regard to climate change. A normative concept of ‘good change’ entails goals, criteria, and measures for protecting and promoting biodiversity as well as for sustainable use. But even in forestry, the field of birth of sustainability, it is far from clear which strategies of mitigation and adaptation are to be sought, for example with regard to (1) importing non-indigenous tree species as a means of precaution to climate change; (2) contrasting or combining wild woods, extensive forestry and intensive short rotation tree-farming; and (3) a hierarchy of goals for using forest products (timber, fuel, etc.). ‘Good change’ shall serve as a somewhat neglected part of the much more encompassing notion of sustainable development. For example perspectives on biodiversity have to go beyond instrumental expressions of ecosystem services and other functional approaches. It shall take seriously the dynamic perspective of natural and cultural processes, also regarding the too sharp distinction between forestry and agriculture, and a revised notion of what naturalness or integrity might mean. ‘Good change’ shall be part of ethically sound decisions about which measures are to be taken against undesirable developments and how to act in favour of desirable change.
Reducing vortex losses in superconducting microwave resonators with microsphere patterned antidot arrays
2012-01-02

We experimentally investigate the vortex induced energy losses in niobium coplanar waveguide resonators with and without quasihexagonal arrays of nanoholes (antidots), where large-area antidot patterns have been fabricated using self-assembling microsphere lithography. We perform transmission spectroscopy experiments around 6.25 GHz in magnetic field cooling and zero field cooling procedures with perpendicular magnetic fields up to B = 27 mT at a temperature T = 4.2 K. We find that the introduction of antidot arrays into resonators reduces vortex induced losses by more than one order of magnitude.
The Influence of Terminal Push–Pull Substitution on the Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Pentacenes
2012-01-02

Abstract The synthesis of 2,3‐R 2 ‐9,10‐(OMe) 2 ‐substituted pentacenes (R=OMe, F, Br, CN; 1 – 4 ) from 2,3‐R 2 ‐9,10‐dimethoxy‐6,13‐dihydro‐6,13‐ethanopentacene‐15,16‐diones (α‐diketone‐bridged precursors) by photochemically induced bis‐decarbonylation (Strating–Zwanenburg reaction) is described. Under matrix‐isolation conditions (solid Ar, 10 K) the S 1 transitions of 1 and 2 undergo hypsochromic and those of 3 and 4 bathochromic shifts compared to parent pentacene. The S 1 transition wavelengths correlate well with the difference of substituent parameters σ p . A computational analysis of the excited states at the CAM‐B3LYP/6‐311+G** level of theory provides an assignment of the electronic transitions. Photolysis in solution at room temperature yields red [R=OMe ( 1 )], blue [R=Br ( 3 ), F ( 2 )], and green [R=CN ( 4 )] pentacenes. The compounds are oxygen‐sensitive and have low solubility, but their formation can be monitored by UV/Vis and, in the case of R=CN, also by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The S 1 transition in 4 does not show the typical pentacene fine structure in the electronic absorption spectrum. Photogeneration in the presence of oxygen leads to a number of photoproducts that could be identified by monitoring the reaction by 1 H NMR spectroscopy for R=OMe.
Identification of Naturally Processed Hepatitis C Virus-Derived Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Ligands
2012-01-03

Fine mapping of human cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is based on external loading of target cells with synthetic peptides which are either derived from prediction algorithms or from overlapping peptide libraries. These strategies do not address putative host and viral mechanisms which may alter processing as well as presentation of CTL epitopes. Therefore, the aim of this proof-of-concept study was to identify naturally processed HCV-derived major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I ligands. To this end, continuous human cell lines were engineered to inducibly express HCV proteins and to constitutively express high levels of functional HLA-A2. These cell lines were recognized in an HLA-A2-restricted manner by HCV-specific CTLs. Ligands eluted from HLA-A2 molecules isolated from large-scale cultures of these cell lines were separated by high performance liquid chromatography and further analyzed by electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (MS)/tandem MS. These analyses allowed the identification of two HLA-A2-restricted epitopes derived from HCV nonstructural proteins (NS) 3 and 5B (NS31406−1415 and NS5B2594−2602). In conclusion, we describe a general strategy that may be useful to investigate HCV pathogenesis and may contribute to the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines in the future.
Temporal Wilson loop in the Hamiltonian approach in Coulomb gauge
2012-01-03

We investigate the temporal Wilson loop using the Hamiltonian approach to\\nYang-Mills theory. In simple cases such as the Abelian theory or the\\nnon-Abelian theory in (1+1) dimensions, the known results can be reproduced\\nusing unitary transformations to take care of time evolution. We show how\\nCoulomb gauge can be used for an alternative solution if the exact ground state\\nwave functional is known. In the most interesting case of Yang-Mills theory in\\n(3+1) dimensions, the vacuum wave functional is not known, but recent\\nvariational approaches in Coulomb gauge give a decent approximation. We use\\nthis formulation to compute the temporal Wilson loop and find that the Wilson\\nand Coulomb string tension agree within our approximation scheme. Possible\\nimprovements of these findings are briefly discussed.\\n