julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Inverse mean curvature flow and Ricci-pinched three-manifolds
2024-07-01

Abstract Let <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:mi>M</m:mi> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:mi>g</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:math> (M,g) be a noncompact, connected, complete Riemannian three-manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature satisfying <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>Ric</m:mi> <m:mo>≥</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mi>ε</m:mi> <m:mo lspace="0.167em">⁢</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mi>tr</m:mi> <m:mo>⁡</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:mi>Ric</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:mi>g</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> \\mathrm{Ric}\\geq\\varepsilon\\operatorname{tr}(\\mathrm{Ric})g for some <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>ε</m:mi> <m:mo>&gt;</m:mo> <m:mn>0</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:math> \\varepsilon&gt;0 . In this note, we give a new proof based on inverse mean curvature flow that <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:mi>M</m:mi> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:mi>g</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:math> (M,g) is either flat or has non-Euclidean volume growth. In conjunction with the work of J. Lott [On 3-manifolds with pointwise pinched nonnegative Ricci curvature, Math. Ann. 388 (2024), 3, 2787–2806] and of M.-C. Lee and P. Topping [Three-manifolds with non-negatively pinched Ricci curvature, preprint (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.00504 ], this gives an alternative proof of a conjecture of R. Hamilton recently proven by A. Deruelle, F. Schulze, and M. Simon [Initial stability estimates for Ricci flow and three dimensional Ricci-pinched manifolds, preprint (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.15313 ] using Ricci flow.
The Growing Role of Telerehabilitation and Teleassessment in the Management of Movement Disorders in Rare Neurological Diseases: A Scoping Review
2024-07-01

<b>Background:</b> People with rare neurological diseases (RNDs) often experience symptoms related to movement disorders, requiring a multidisciplinary approach, including rehabilitation. Telemedicine applied to rehabilitation and symptom monitoring may be suitable to ensure treatment consistency and personalized intervention. The objective of this scoping review aimed to emphasize the potential role of telerehabilitation and teleassessment in managing movement disorders within RNDs. By providing a systematic overview of the available literature, we sought to highlight potential interventions, outcomes, and critical issues. <b>Methods:</b> A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, IEEE, and Scopus up to March 2024. Two inclusion criteria were followed: (1) papers focusing on telerehabilitation and teleassessment and (2) papers dealing with movement disorders in RNDs. <b>Results:</b> Eighteen papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The main interventions were home-based software and training programs, exergames, wearable sensors, smartphone applications, virtual reality and digital music players for telerehabilitation; wearable sensors, mobile applications, and patient home video for teleassessment. Key findings revealed positive outcomes in gait, balance, limb disability, and in remote monitoring. Limitations include small sample sizes, short intervention durations, and the lack of standardized protocols. <b>Conclusion:</b> This review highlighted the potential of telerehabilitation and teleassessment in addressing movement disorders within RNDs. Data indicate that these modalities may play a major role in supporting conventional programs. Addressing limitations through multicenter studies, longer-term follow-ups, and standardized protocols is essential. These measures are essential for improving remote rehabilitation and assessment, contributing to an improved quality of life for people with RNDs.
Familiar Sequences Are Processed Faster Than Unfamiliar Sequences, Even When They Do Not Match the Count‐List
2024-07-01

Abstract In order processing, consecutive sequences (e.g., 1‐2‐3) are generally processed faster than nonconsecutive sequences (e.g., 1‐3‐5) (also referred to as the reverse distance effect). A common explanation for this effect is that order processing operates via a memory‐based associative mechanism whereby consecutive sequences are processed faster because they are more familiar and thus more easily retrieved from memory. Conflicting with this proposal, however, is the finding that this effect is often absent. A possible explanation for these absences is that familiarity may vary both within and across sequence types; therefore, not all consecutive sequences are necessarily more familiar than all nonconsecutive sequences. Accordingly, under this familiarity perspective, familiar sequences should always be processed faster than unfamiliar sequences, but consecutive sequences may not always be processed faster than nonconsecutive sequences. To test this hypothesis in an adult population, we used a comparative judgment approach to measure familiarity at the individual sequence level. Using this measure, we found that although not all participants showed a reverse distance effect, all participants displayed a familiarity effect. Notably, this familiarity effect appeared stronger than the reverse distance effect at both the group and individual level; thus, suggesting the reverse distance effect may be better conceptualized as a specific instance of a more general familiarity effect.
Surrogate measures of first-phase insulin secretion versus reference methods intravenous glucose tolerance test and hyperglycemic clamp: a systematic review and meta-analyses
2024-07-01

Introduction In this systematic review, we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of surrogate measures of insulin secretion based on fasting samples and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The first phase of insulin secretion was calculated using two gold standard methods; the hyperglycemic clamp (HGC) test and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Research design and methods We conducted searches in the PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science databases, the last of which was conducted at the end of June 2021. Studies were included that measured first-phase insulin secretion in adults using both a gold-standard reference method (either HGC or IVGTT) and one or more surrogate measures from either fasting samples, OGTT or a meal-tolerance test. QUADAS-2, a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies, was used for quality assessment. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to examine the correlation between first-phase measured with gold standard and surrogate methods. Results A total of 33 articles, encompassing 5362 individuals with normal glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes, were included in our systematic review. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-beta and Insulinogenic Index 30 (IGI(30)) were the surrogate measures validated in the largest number of studies (17 and 13, respectively). HOMA-beta’s pooled correlation to the reference methods was 0.48 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.56) The pooled correlation of IGI to the reference methods was 0.61 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.68). The surrogate measures with the highest correlation to the reference methods were Kadowaki (0.67 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.73)) and Stumvoll’s first-phase secretion (0.65 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.71)), both calculated from an OGTT. Conclusions Surrogate measures from the first 30 min of an OGTT capture the first phase of insulin secretion and are a good choice for epidemiological studies. HOMA-beta has a moderate correlation to the reference methods but is not a measure of the first phase specifically. PROSPERO registration number The meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (Id: CRD42020169064) before inclusion started.
Evaluation of custom-made Relay® stent-grafts for aortic arch landing zones 0 and 1: experience from two high-volume aortic centres
2024-07-01

Abstract OBJECTIVES To report experience with a Relay® stent-graft custom-made platform in treating different aortic arch pathology in 2 high-volume aortic centres. METHODS A retrospective analysis of all patients treated between July 2016 and July 2023 with custom-made Relay® stent-graft (custom-made device). Underlying aortic arch pathology was an aneurysm, penetrating aortic ulcer, and dissection. Three custom-made device designs were used: proximal scallop, fenestrations, and inner branches. The endpoints were technical success, perioperative stroke, death, and reintervention rate. RESULTS Thirty-five patients (89% males) with a mean age of 70 ± 11 years were treated. Indication for treatment was penetrating aortic ulcer in 14 patients (40%), aneurysm in 11 patients (31%) and aortic dissection in 10 patients (29%). The technical success rate was 100%. Twenty-eight patients (80%) had proximal sealing in zone 0, and 7 (20%) had proximal sealing in zone 1. Nine patients (25.6%) had proximal scallops, 9 (25.6%) had 1 big fenestration and 17 (48.8%) had a branched device; 1 with single branch, 15 with double branches and 1 with triple branches. Thirty patients (86%) had previous or simultaneous left subclavian artery revascularization. No patient died during 30 days. Two patients (5.7%) had stroke postoperatively; both recovered without disabling deficits. The mean follow-up was 35 ± 26 months. Six patients (17.1%) died during follow-up. One patient required reinforcement of the bridging stent in the left common carotid artery and one additional vascular plugging of the left subclavian artery. Three patients received distal extension. CONCLUSIONS The Relay® stent-graft custom-made platform showed a good performance in our study with a high technical success rate, low perioperative stroke and mortality, and low reintervention rates during the follow-up.
Reading language of the eyes in female depression
2024-07-01

Abstract Aberrations in non-verbal social cognition have been reported to coincide with major depressive disorder. Yet little is known about the role of the eyes. To fill this gap, the present study explores whether and, if so, how reading language of the eyes is altered in depression. For this purpose, patients and person-by-person matched typically developing individuals were administered the Emotions in Masked Faces task and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, modified, both of which contained a comparable amount of visual information available. For achieving group homogeneity, we set a focus on females as major depressive disorder displays a gender-specific profile. The findings show that facial masks selectively affect inferring emotions: recognition of sadness and anger are more heavily compromised in major depressive disorder as compared with typically developing controls, whereas the recognition of fear, happiness, and neutral expressions remains unhindered. Disgust, the forgotten emotion of psychiatry, is the least recognizable emotion in both groups. On the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test patients exhibit lower accuracy on positive expressions than their typically developing peers, but do not differ on negative items. In both depressive and typically developing individuals, the ability to recognize emotions behind a mask and performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test are linked to each other in processing speed, but not recognition accuracy. The outcome provides a blueprint for understanding the complexities of reading language of the eyes within and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Synthesis of Thiourea and Thioamide S-Oxides via SO Transfer from a Thiirane S-Oxide onto N-Heterocyclic Carbenes
2024-07-01

Thiourea <i>S</i>-oxides are labile compounds that suffer from a quick overoxidation when directly prepared from thioureas. Therefore, we have developed an alternative route on the basis of the SO transfer from a thiirane <i>S</i>-oxide onto sterically encumbered <i>N</i>-heterocyclic carbenes, including imidazole- and imidazoline-ylidenes, and a cyclic alkyl amino carbene. Reaction conditions and DFT computations suggest a concerted SO transfer mechanism. Thiourea <i>S</i>-oxides are nucleophiles adding to dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate under fission of the S-O bond.
Postoperative management following osteotomies around the knee: a narrative review
2024-07-01

The present narrative review provides a summary of postoperative therapy modalities and their effectiveness following osteotomies around the knee. The topics that are discussed in the scientific discourse include support of cartilage cell regeneration, pain management, drainage insertion, tourniquet use, pharmacological and mechanical thromboembolism prophylaxis, weight-bearing protocols and bone consolidation. There is evidence for the use of pharmacological thromboembolism prophylaxis and weight-bearing protocols. A standardized postoperative treatment concept following osteotomies around the knee cannot be derived due to lack of evidence for the other topics in current literature.
Chondrocranial anatomy of Testudo hermanni (Testudinidae, Testudines) with a comparison to other turtles
2024-07-01

Abstract Using histological cross‐sections, the chondrocranium anatomy was reconstructed for two developmental stages of Hermann's tortoise ( Testudo hermanni ). The morphology differs from the chondrocrania of most other turtles by a process above the ectochoanal cartilage with Pelodiscus sinensis being the only other known species with such a structure. The anterior and posterior processes of the tectum synoticum are better developed than in most other turtles and an ascending process of the palatoquadrate is missing, which is otherwise only the case in pleurodiran turtles. The nasal region gets proportionally larger during development. We interpret the enlargement of the nasal capsules as an adaption to increase the surface area of the olfactory epithelium for better perception of volant odors. Elongation of the nasal capsules in trionychids, in contrast, is unlikely to be related to olfaction, while it is ambiguous in the case of Sternotherus odoratus . However, we have to conclude that research on chondrocranium anatomy is still at its beginning and more comprehensive detailed descriptions in relation to other parts of the anatomy are needed before providing broad‐scale ecological and phylogenetic interpretations.
Increases and decreases in soil moisture in water‐limited plant communities cause asymmetrical responses in biomass but not in diversity
2024-07-01

Abstract Aims Changes in precipitation patterns, such as the predicted increases in the frequency of climatic extremes, are likely to alter plant communities, but whether responses to drought or to wetter conditions respectively cause consistent, opposite responses is debated. Here, we assessed the response in biomass production and species diversity of water‐limited plant communities to the direction (increase or decrease) and magnitude (micro‐ and macro‐climatic effects) of changes in soil moisture. Location We reciprocally translocated soils containing seed banks from two climates (semi‐arid and mediterranean) at a micro‐climatic (opposite slopes) and a macro‐climatic scale (between climates) in Chile. Results Biomass production for the soils that were translocated from wetter to drier climates was unrelated to the available soil moisture. The lowest biomass was produced in the wettest climate on the wet slope. Biomass production increased after a translocation to the drier climate (representing the largest change in climate). Nonetheless, the highest overall biomass for the wet to dry translocation was produced on the mediterranean dry slope with intermediate soil moisture. However, on the same mediterranean dry slope, biomass was almost zero for soil translocated the other way round (from drier to wetter). Diversity after 24 months was unaffected by micro‐climatic change, but soils transplanted toward the drier climate yielded a plant community with increased diversity. Conclusion Our results showed direction and magnitude of climate change but also the response factor that is studied matters to detect direction‐dependent responses; i.e., species richness had a linear and reversible response. However, the response of biomass depended on the origin of the transplanted material (soil and plant community), indicating history dependence (hysteresis). This emphasizes that responses to unidirectional climate manipulation experiments may not be able to capture the entire nature of the response of plant communities to climate change.
Families of non time-symmetric initial data sets and Penrose-like energy inequalities
2024-07-01

Motivated by solving the constraint equations in the evolutionary form suggested by Rácz in 2016, we propose a family of asymptotically flat initial data sets which are “asymptotically spherically symmetric” at infinity. Within this family, we obtain Penrose-like energy estimates and establish the existence of solutions for the constraint equations in the spherical symmetric and totally umbilic cases.
Looking with or without seeing in an individual with age-related macular degeneration impairing central vision
2024-07-01

Looking leads gaze to objects; seeing recognizes them. Visual crowding makes seeing difficult or impossible before looking brings objects to the fovea. Looking before seeing can be guided by saliency mechanisms in the primary visual cortex (V1). We have proposed that looking and seeing are mainly supported by peripheral and central vision, respectively. This proposal is tested in an observer with central vision loss due to macular degeneration, using a visual search task that can be accomplished solely through looking, but is actually impeded through seeing. The search target is an uniquely oriented, salient, bar among identically shaped bars. Each bar, including the target, is part of an “X” shape. The target’s X is identical to, although rotated from, the other X’s in the image, which normally causes confusion. However, this observer exhibits no such confusion, presumably because she cannot see the X’s shape, but can look towards the target. This result demonstrates a critical dichotomy between central and peripheral vision.
Natural solution for the remediation of multi-metal contamination: application of natural amino acids, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Micrococcus yunnanensis to increase the phytoremediation efficiency
2024-07-01

Natural amino acids (NAA) have been rarely investigated as chelators, despite their ability to chelate heavy metals (HMs). In the present research, the effects of extracted natural amino acids, as a natural and environmentally friendly chelate agent and the inoculation of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> (<i>PF</i>) and <i>Micrococcus yunnanensis</i> (<i>MY</i>) bacteria were investigated on some responses of quinoa in a soil polluted with Pb, Ni, Cd, and Zn. Inoculation of PGPR bacteria enhanced plant growth and phytoremediation efficiency. Pb and Cd were higher in quinoa roots, while Ni and Zn were higher in the shoots. The highest efficiencies were observed with NAA treatment and simultaneous inoculation of <i>PF</i> and <i>MY</i> bacteria for Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn. The highest values of phytoremediation efficiency and uptake efficiency of Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn were 21.28, 19.11, 14.96 and 18.99 μg g-1, and 31.52, 60.78, 51.89, and 25.33 μg g-1, respectively. Results of present study well demonstrated NAA extracted from blood powder acted as strong chelate agent due to their diversity in size, solubilizing ability, abundant functional groups, and potential in the formation of stable complexes with Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn, increasing metal availability in soil and improving phytoremediation efficiency in quinoa.
Disturbance of the Sense of Agency in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and its Modulation by Social Context
2024-07-01

Abstract Executing precise actions and perceiving them as one’s own is a fundamental ability underlying the sense of agency (SoA). The SoA thereby heavily relies on the accuracy and reliability of forward models, capturing sensory movement consequences. Impairments thereof thus represent a promising candidate mechanism contributing to cases of SoA pathogenesis. In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), for example, the feeling of control over one’s actions is perturbed: Compulsive actions are often experienced as uncontrollable and performed without conscious awareness. At the same time, compulsions can be coupled with an inflated sense of illusory control for uncontrollable events. Here we studied self-action perception in virtual reality with and without veridical or rotated visual feedback about subjects’ pointing movements to test whether patients’ internal forward models are indeed less reliable compared to controls. Interestingly, OCD patients did not exhibit deficits in their accuracy and reliability of motor performance and self-action perception in the absence of visual feedback, suggesting intact forward models. Nonetheless, OCD patients weighted rotated visual action-feedback significantly stronger perceptually. Furthermore, they adapted their movement to this false feedback on a trial-by-trial basis. Finally, increasing the social relevance of action consequences led to stronger feedback weighting in all participants while this effect increased with the strength of OCD symptomatology under conditions with strongest social relevance. We suggest that internal forward models are equally reliable in OCD but their weight is pathologically decreased leading to patients’ overreliance on explicit visual action-feedback and, more generally, to their over-attribution of unrelated events to themselves.
Association of transketolase polymorphisms with diabetic polyneuropathy in the general population: The KORA F4 study
2024-07-01

Abstract Aims We recently reported that genetic variability in the TKT gene encoding transketolase, a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, is associated with measures of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) in recent‐onset diabetes. Here, we aimed to substantiate these findings in a population‐based KORA F4 study. Materials and Methods In this cross‐sectional study, we assessed seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the transketolase gene in 952 participants from the KORA F4 study with normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 394), prediabetes ( n = 411), and type 2 diabetes ( n = 147). DSPN was defined by the examination part of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) using the original MNSI &gt; 2 cut‐off and two alternative versions extended by touch/pressure perception (TPP) (MNSI &gt; 3) and by TPP plus cold perception (MNSI &gt; 4). Results After adjustment for sex, age, BMI, and HbA1c, in type 2 diabetes participants, four out of seven transketolase SNPs were associated with DSPN for all three MNSI versions (all p ≤ 0.004). The odds ratios of these associations increased with extending the MNSI score, for example, OR (95% CI) for SNP rs62255988 with MNSI &gt; 2: 1.99 (1.16–3.41), MNSI &gt; 3: 2.27 (1.26–4.09), and MNSI &gt; 4: 4.78 (2.22–10.26); SNP rs9284890 with MNSI &gt; 2: 2.43 (1.42–4.16), MNSI &gt; 3: 3.46 (1.82–6.59), and MNSI &gt; 4: 4.75 (2.15–10.51). In contrast, no associations were found between transketolase SNPs and the three MNSI versions in the NGT and prediabetes groups. Conclusions The link of genetic variation in transketolase enzyme to diabetic polyneuropathy corroborated at the population level strengthens the concept suggesting an important role of pathways metabolising glycolytic intermediates in the evolution of diabetic polyneuropathy.