julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the Giant Planets of the Solar System in the Gaseous Protoplanetary Disk and Their Relationship to the Current Orbital Architecture
2007-09-13

We study the orbital evolution of the 4 giant planets of our solar system in a gas disk. Our investigation extends the previous works by Masset and Snellgrove (2001) and Morbidelli and Crida (2007, MC07), which focussed on the dynamics of the Jupiter-Saturn system. The only systems that we found to reach a steady state are those in which the planets are locked in a quadruple mean motion resonance (i.e. each planet is in resonance with its neighbor). In total we found 6 such configurations. For the gas disk parameters found in MC07, these configurations are characterized by a negligible migration rate. After the disappearance of the gas, and in absence of planetesimals, only two of these six configurations (the least compact ones) are stable for a time of hundreds of millions of years or more. The others become unstable on a timescale of a few My. Our preliminary simulations show that, when a planetesimal disk is added beyond the orbit of the outermost planet, the planets can evolve from the most stable of these configurations to their current orbits in a fashion qualitatively similar to that described in Tsiganis et al. (2005).
Chondrogenic Potential of Human Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Independent of Age or Osteoarthritis Etiology
2007-09-13

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease strongly correlated with history of joint trauma, joint dysplasia, and advanced age. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising cells for biological cartilage regeneration. Conflicting data have been published concerning the availability of MSCs from the iliac crest, depending on age and overall physical fitness. Here, we analyzed whether the availability and chondrogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs isolated from the femoral shaft as an alternative source is age- or OA etiology-dependent. MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow (BM) of 98 patients, categorized into three OA-etiology groups (age-related, joint trauma, joint dysplasia) at the time of total hip replacement. All BM samples were characterized for cell yield, proliferation capacity, and phenotype. Chondrogenic differentiation was studied using micromass culture and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Significant volumes of viable BM (up to 25 ml) could be harvested from the femoral shaft without observing donor-site morbidity, typically containing &amp;gt;107 mononuclear cells per milliliter. No correlation of age or OA etiology with the number of mononuclear cells in BM, MSC yield, or cell size was found. Proliferative capacity and cellular spectrum of the harvested cells were independent of age and cause of OA. From all tested donors, MSCs could be differentiated into the chondrogenic lineage. We conclude that, irrespective of age and OA etiology, sufficient numbers of MSCs can be isolated and that these cells possess an adequate chondrogenic differentiation potential. Therefore, a therapeutic application of MSCs for cartilage regeneration of OA lesions seems feasible. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Relationship between cribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasia in the early medieval Slavic population at Borovce, Slovakia
2007-09-14

Abstract Cribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasia were examined in an early medieval (8 th to beginning of 12 th century AD) skeletal sample of 451 individuals from Borovce, Slovakia. More than 40% of these individuals died before reaching 20 years of age. The relationship between the occurrence of orbital and enamel lesions was analysed by focusing on the age‐specific distribution, and on its influence on demographic parameters. Both features were found in 11.2% of the observed skulls. The presence of orbital and dental lesions showed a considerable impact on mortality as well as the life expectancy. Generally, the highest mortality was observed among 0–4 year old individuals. The greatest discrepancy in the demographic parameters, however, appeared between the affected and unaffected individuals aged 10–14 and 15–19 years. In these two age groups the co‐occurrence of both lesions was most frequently recorded. These individuals obviously had a history of sickness, and thus could not cope with further bouts of disease and with the increased physiological demands of pubertal growth. The missing correlation in younger age categories can be largely explained by the difficulty of macroscopically examining the permanent dentition, since an interrelationship between the age at hypoplasia development and the occurrence of cribra orbitalia was detected. Several differences between the individuals with enamel defects and both conditions were observed in the distribution of age at hypoplasia formation. According to these results, several factors, such as impaired health status, growth demands and diet, influence the development of enamel hypoplasia and cribra orbitalia in a particular population. It is possible that after reaching a certain threshold, the underlying factors act synergistically in a kind of vicious cycle as the balance between the immune system, metabolism, and exogenous factors such as pathogens and nutrition, is disturbed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Adding electron-nuclear cusps to Gaussian basis functions for molecular quantum Monte Carlo calculations
2007-09-14

A scheme for imposing the electron-nuclear cusp condition in molecular quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations using Gaussian basis functions is presented. While the constraints proposed by Ma et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 122, 224322 (2005)] have been used, in our scheme the basis functions are modified instead of the molecular orbitals. This method can also be directly applied to density matrix-based QMC calculations whose effort scales linearly for calculating the local energy [J. Kussmann et al., Phys. Rev. B 75, 165107 (2007)]. Furthermore, virtually no additional computational effort in the evaluation of the local energy arises within QMC calculations.
Pharmacokinetics of two paediatric artesunate mefloquine drug formulations in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Gabon
2007-09-17

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the two paediatric dosage forms, i.e. the novel fixed-dose co-formulation and the standard co-blister of artesunate-mefloquine show comparable results in the two treatment groups. The novel fixed-dose paediatric formulation is an interesting option for outpatient treatment of uncomplicated malaria in African children.
Real-Time Fetal Heart Monitoring in Biomagnetic Measurements Using Adaptive Real-Time ICA
2007-09-17

Electrophysiological signals of the developing fetal brain and heart can be investigated by fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG). During such investigations, the fetal heart activity and that of the mother should be monitored continuously to provide an important indication of current well-being. Due to physical constraints of an fMEG system, it is not possible to use clinically established heart monitors for this purpose. Considering this constraint, we developed a real-time heart monitoring system for biomagnetic measurements and showed its reliability and applicability in research and for clinical examinations. The developed system consists of real-time access to fMEG data, an algorithm based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and a graphical user interface (GUI). The algorithm extracts the current fetal and maternal heart signal from a noisy and artifact-contaminated data stream in real-time and is able to adapt automatically to continuously varying environmental parameters. This algorithm has been named Adaptive Real-time ICA (ARICA) and is applicable to real-time artifact removal as well as to related blind signal separation problems.
Suppressing anisoplanatism effects in speckle interferometry
2007-09-17

\\n Aims.\\nThe effect of anisoplanatism in speckle interferometry is studied\\nwith emphasis on the autocorrelation function and Knox-Thompson data.\\n\\n Methods.\\nWe introduce a method for eliminating anisoplanatism artefacts by\\nstatistical analysis of Fourier amplitudes calculated from Knox-Thompson data.\\n\\n Results.\\nWith this method, it is possible to suppress anisoplanatism artefacts\\nnearly completely.\\n\\n
Vortex Quantum Creation and Winding Number Scaling in a Quenched Spinor Bose Gas
2007-09-18

Motivated by a recent experiment, we study nonequilibrium quantum phenomena taking place in the quench of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate through the zero-temperature phase transition separating the polar paramagnetic and planar ferromagnetic phases. We derive the typical spin domain structure (correlations of the effective magnetization) created by the quench arising due to spin-mode quantum fluctuations, and we establish a sample-size scaling law for the creation of spin vortices, which are topological defects in the transverse magnetization.
Low grade ganglioglioma rapidly progressing to a WHO grade IV tumor showing malignant transformation in both astroglial and neuronal cell components
2007-09-18

Gangliogliomas are rare CNS neoplasms mostly occuring in young adults and are usually assigned to WHO grade I. The few cases of WHO grade IV gangliogliomas were either primarily malignant glio‐neuronal tumors or underwent malignant progression from other WHO grades after radiotherapy. Herein, we present the case of a now 47‐year‐old female patient presenting with a benign ganglioglioma and showing a tumor recurrence 2 years later with an anaplastic ganglioglioma, assigned to WHO grade IV, with malignant transformation in both glial and neuronal components. The presented case is the first reported low‐grade ganglioglioma rapidly progressing to a WHO grade IV glio‐neuronal tumor not being associated with radiotherapy and showing malignant transformation in both astroglial and neuronal tumor cell components.
The genetics of pathogen avoidance inCaenorhabditis elegans
2007-09-19

Summary Much attention is rightly focused on how microbes cause disease, but they can also affect other aspects of host physiology, including behaviour. Indeed, pathogen avoidance behaviours are seen across animal taxa and are probably of major importance in nature. Here, we review what is known about the molecular genetics underlying pathogen avoidance in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . In its natural environment, the soil, this animal feeds on microbes and is continuously exposed to a diverse mix of microorganisms. Nematodes that develop efficient behavioural responses that enhance their attraction to sources of food and avoidance of pathogens will have an evolutionary advantage. C. elegans can specifically detect natural products of bacteria, including surfactants (such as serrawettin) and acylated homoserine lactone autoinducers, and it can learn to avoid pathogenic species. To date, several distinct mechanisms have been shown to be involved in pathogen avoidance. They are based on G protein‐like, insulin‐like and neuronal serotonin signalling. We discuss recent findings on the mechanisms of pathogen recognition in C. elegans , the relationship between alternative behavioural defences and also between these and other life‐history traits. We propose that the selective pressure associated with avoidance behaviours influence both pathogen and host evolution.
Pre‐transplant depression as risk factor for survival of patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
2007-09-19

Abstract Introduction : Depression is discussed as a possible risk factor for survival in cancer patients. We explored this relationship for patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Patients and methods : The depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) served as a measure for depression. One hundred and thirty‐eight patients (mean age 41 years; different diagnoses) participating in a psycho‐oncology study filled in the HADS after admission for allogeneic HSCT. They were followed‐up for at least two years; 72 patients died during follow‐up. Results : Depression scores were not correlated with medical and psychosocial objective factors with the exception of having under‐aged children. Controlling for medical factors that showed up as predictors for survival in our sample (patient's age at HSCT, having had a transplant before, risk for treatment failure) the HADS depression score (range 0–21) emerged as an independent predictor (Cox regression): hazard ratio = 1.087, 95% CI = 1.018–1.161. Conclusion : Depression is probably not a simple indicator of a worse health status. Further research is needed to decide if depression must be considered as an independent risk factor for survival when diagnosed in the pre‐transplant period. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Angles of facial convexity in different skeletal Classes
2007-09-19

The objective of this study was to investigate whether it is possible to use a lateral (profile) photograph to determine the underlying skeletal Class and which reference points of the angle of convexity are most suitable for this purpose. Profile photographs and lateral cephalographs included in the baseline data for 180 orthodontic patients were retrospectively evaluated. The subjects were assigned to skeletal Classes based on Wits values obtained by radiolographic analysis. The Class I subjects were 58 patients (22 males, 36 females) with an average age of 13.63 +/- 2.1 years, the Class II subjects 60 patients (37 males, 23 females) with an average age of 13.60 +/- 2.6 years, and the Class III subjects 62 patients (28 males, 34 females) with an average age of 11.65 +/- 3.3 years. The angles measured were A'OrB' (=POrA'-POrA'), A'N'B', and the angle of convexity with its variants (N'SnPog', N'A'Pog', TrSnPog', TrA'Pog', Gl'SnPog', and Gl'A'Pog'). These angles were statistically evaluated using a two-sided t-test and linear discriminant analysis. Class II and Class III subjects exhibited highly significant differences (P < 0.001) for all angles. Class I and Class III exhibited highly significant differences (P < 0.001) for almost all angles, and significant differences for A'N'B' (P < 0.05). Class I and Class II differed significantly (P < 0.05) only for some angles (N'SnPog', TrA'Pog', Gl'SnPog', and Gl'A'Pog'). The error within the linear discriminant analysis was smallest for N'SnPog', GlA'Pog', and TrA'Pog' angles. However, the method error according to Dahlberg yielded rather high values for all angles (1.07-1.17 degrees). Discrimination between skeletal Class I and Class III was easier than that between Class I and Class II. One of the reasons may be that the subclasses division I and division II were not distinguished within the Class II subjects.
Calibration of a single-atom detector for atomic microchips
2007-09-19

We experimentally investigate a scheme for detecting single atoms magnetically trapped on an atom chip. The detector is based on the photoionization of atoms and the subsequent detection of the generated ions. We describe the characterization of the ion detector with emphasis on its calibration via the correlation of ions with simultaneously generated electrons. A detection efficiency of 47.8±2.6% is measured, which is useful for single-atom detection, and close to the limit allowing atom counting with sub-Poissonian uncertainty.
Reconstruction of Deforming Geometry from Time-Varying Point Clouds
2007-09-20

In this paper, we describe a system for the reconstruction of deforming geometry from a time sequence of unstructured, noisy point clouds, as produced by recent real-time range scanning devices. Our technique reconstructs both the geometry and dense correspondences over time. Using the correspondences, holes due to occlusion are filled in from other frames. Our reconstruction technique is based on a statistical framework: The reconstruction should both match the measured data points and maximize prior probability densities that prefer smoothness, rigid deformation and smooth movements over time. The optimization procedure consists of an inner loop that optimizes the 4D shape using continuous numerical optimization and an outer loop that infers the discrete 4D topology of the data set using an iterative model assembly algorithm. We apply the technique to a variety of data sets, demonstrating that the new approach is capable of robustly retrieving animated models with correspondences from data sets suffering from significant noise, outliers and acquisition holes.
Preprocedural C-Reactive Protein Levels Predict Stroke and Death in Patients Undergoing Carotid Stenting
2007-09-21

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Elevated baseline levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with an adverse outcome during coronary stent placement. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether preprocedural CRP levels also are predictive of stroke and death in patients undergoing carotid stent placement (CAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed data prospectively collected from 130 patients (97 men, 33 women; mean age, 68.5 ± 10.1 years; range, 43–89 years) who underwent CAS for symptomatic carotid stenosis and from whom preprocedural CRP values had been obtained. A CRP value of >5 mg/L was considered to be elevated. The frequency of stroke and death within 30 days was compared between patients with and without elevated baseline CRP levels using χ(2) and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Baseline CRP values were normal in 94 (72.3%) patients but were elevated in 36 (27.7%) patients. The demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in both treatment groups. The 30-day stroke and death rate was significantly higher in patients with elevated CRP values (8/36; 22.2%) than in those without (3/94; 3.2%; P < .01). After adjusting for demographic characteristics, degree of carotid stenosis, and use of cerebral protection devices and/or statin therapy, an elevated CRP value before CAS remained a significant and independent predictor of stroke and death within 30 days after CAS (odds ratio, 7.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.8–32.8, P = .006). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline CRP is a powerful predictor of outcome in patients undergoing CAS, which underscores the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of embolic complications during this procedure.
Synthesis of Y2O2(CN2) and Luminescence Properties of Y2O2(CN2):Eu.
2007-09-21

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Perceptual Reparameterization of Material Properties
2007-09-21

The recent increase in both the range and the subtlety of computer graphics techniques has greatly expanded the possibilities for synthesizing images. In many cases, however, the relationship between the parameters of an algorithm and the resulting perceptual effect is not straightforward. Since the ability to produce specific, intended effects is a natural pre-requisite for many scientific and artistic endeavors, this is a strong drawback. Here, we demonstrate a generalized method for determining both the qualitative and quantitative mapping between parameters and perception. Multidimensional Scaling extracts the metric structure of perceived similarity between the objects, as well as the transformation between similarity space and parameter space. Factor analysis of semantic differentials is used to determine the aesthetic structure of the stimulus set. Jointly, the results provide a description of how specific parameter changes can produce specific semantic changes. The method is demonstrated using two datasets. The first dataset consisted of glossy objects, which turned out to have a 2D similarity space and five primary semantic factors. The second dataset, transparent objects, can be described with a non-linear, 1D similarity map and six semantic factors. In both cases, roughly half of the factors represented aesthetic aspects of the stimuli, and half the low-level material properties. Perceptual reparameterization of computer graphics algorithms (such as those dealing with the representation of surface properties) offers the potential to improve their accessibility. This will not only allow easier generation of specific effects, but also enable more intuitive exploration of different image properties.
(E)-N′-[(Furan-2-yl)methylene]-2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetohydrazide monohydrate
2007-09-21

In the structure of the title compound, C19H16N2O3·H2O, the configuration with respect to the C=N double bond is trans. The molecules form layers parallel to the ac plane, linked to each other by water molecules and OH groups, which are extended along the b axis involving the NH groups of adjacent molecules via N—H⋯OH2 interactions, thus resulting in sheets of molecules. In addition, there are edge-to-face and offset face-to-face interactions between phenyl rings of adjacent molecules along both the a and b axes [C⋯C distances in the range 3.9–4.1 Å]. The extremely strong hydrogen bonds and phenyl–phenyl interactions contribute greatly to stabilizing the three-dimensional network.
Up‐regulation of platelet‐derived growth factor by peripheral‐blood leukocytes during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
2007-09-24

Abstract In multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), clinical disease is associated with infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) by immune cells. Subsequent remission with remyelination has been linked to an increased occurrence of oligodendrocyte progenitor (O2A) cells. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor–2 (FGF‐2) are key growth factors for O2A cells, yet little is known about their relevance in EAE and MS. We analyzed the expression of PDGF, FGF‐2, and their receptors by peripheral‐blood leukocytes (PBLs) and lymphocyte subsets during MBP‐induced EAE. Strong up‐regulation of PDGF, but not FGF‐2, was observed in PBLs, with the highest expression after the disease maximum. T, NK, and NKT cells expressed PDGF, which is a novel observation because thus far only monocytes/macrophages have been reported to express PDGF. These results extend the idea that growth factors may contribute to improved CNS tissue repair, including PDGF, which is secreted by lesion‐homing immune cells. The production of PDGF by lymphocytes may have potential therapeutic value when activating or modulating T‐cell responses in demyelinating diseases. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.