julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Gas source declaration with a mobile robot
2004-01-01

As a sub-task of the general gas source localisation problem, gas source declaration is the process of determining the certainty that a source is in the immediate vicinity. Due to the turbulent character of gas transport in a natural indoor environment, it is not sufficient to search for instantaneous concentration maxima, in order to solve this task. Therefore, this paper introduces a method to classify whether an object is a gas source or not from a series of concentration measurements, recorded while the robot performs a rotation manoeuvre in front of a possible source. For three different gas source positions, a total of 288 declaration experiments were carried out at different robot-to-source distances. Based on these readings, two machine learning techniques (ANN, SVM) were evaluated in terms of their classification performance. With learning parameters that were optimised by grid search, a maximal hit rate of approximately 87.5% could be obtained using a support vector machine
Miocene siliciclastic deposits of Naxos Island: Geodynamic and environmental implications for the evolution of the southern Aegean Sea (Greece)
2004-01-01

An interdisciplinary study has been carried out on Naxos Island, located in the southern Aegean Sea (Greece), which shows Miocene geodynamic and environmental changes in a classic example of a collapsing orogen. Early to Mid-Miocene siliciclastic deposits on Naxos have been shed from an uplifting mountainous realm in the south, which included a patchwork of at least four source terrains of different thermal histories.Petrography of pebbles suggests that the source units formed part of a passivecontinental margin succession (external Pelagonian unit), and an ophiolite succession mainly of deep-water cherts and limestones deposited on basalt substratum (Pindos unit). The continental margin source contributed rounded zircon crystals of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age and broadly scattering Paleozoic zircon fission-track&#13;\\ncooling ages. A distal pebble assemblage of Paleogene shallow-water carbonates passing into flysch-like, mixed calcarenitic and siliciclastic components with volcanic arc&#13;\\ncomponents is subordinately present. High-grade metamorphic components from the nearby metamorphic core complex are not present. The depositional evolution reflects increasing relief and, in some parts, a fluvial succession with rhythmic channel deposition, possibly due to runoff variability forced by orbital cyclicity. Upsection, the depositional trend indicates increasing seasonality&#13;\\nand decreasing humidity in the source region. The Miocene sedimentary succession has been deposited on an ophiolite nappe. Juxtaposition of this ophiolite nappe occurred as an extensional allochthon during large-scale extension in the Aegean region at the margins of an exhuming metamorphic&#13;\\ncore complex.
Regulation of the Epithelial Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channel TRPV5 by the NHE Regulating Factor NHERF2 and the Serum and Glucocorticoid Inducible Kinase Isoforms SGK1 and SGK3 Expressed in <i>Xenopus oocytes</i>
2004-01-01

The epithelial Ca2+ channel TRPV5 (ECaC1) plays a key role in renal and intestinal Ca2+ (re)absorption and is thus regulated by 1,25(OH) 2D3. The present study aims to explore whether TRPV5 is regulated by the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1, a kinase transcriptionally upregulated by 1,25(OH) 2D3. To this end cRNA encoding TRPV5 has been injected into Xenopus oocytes with or without additional injection of SGK1, its isoforms SGK2 and SGK3, constitutively active (S422D)SGK1, inactive (K127N)SGK1, constitutively active (T308D,S473D)PKB and/or the Na+/H+ exchanger regulating factor NHERF2. In Xenopus laevisoocytes expression of TRPV5 increases uptake of tracer Ca(S422D;) and induces a Ca2+ current (ICa). In the presence of Cl-, TRPV5 mediated Ca2+ entry leads to secondary activation of Ca(2+)-sensitive Cl- channels (ICl(Ca)). Coexpression of TRPV5 with both (S422D)SGK1 and NHERF2 stimulates tracer Ca2+ entry, ICa and ICl(Ca). The effect of (S422D)SGK1 on TRPV5 and NHERF2 expressing oocytes is mimicked by SGK1 and SGK3, but not by SGK2, constitutively active (T308D,S473D)PKB or inactive (K127N)SGK1. The observations suggest that SGK1, SGK3 and NHERF2 regulate TRPV5 and are thus likely to participate in the regulation of calcium homeostasis.
Corotational simulation of deformable solids
2004-01-01

The classical formulation of large displacement visco-elasticity requires the geometrically nonlinear Green tensor. Keeping track of the rotational part of strain permits alternative formulations, that allow the tensor to stay linear, and at the same time maintaining rotational invariance. We replace a recently proposed heuristical warping technique by the application of the polar decomposition. The polar decomposition exactly extracts rotations, thus enhances stability and accuracy. We combine it with a hierarchical finite element basis, which allows us to compute accurate rotations from a coarse level nonlinear simulation and use them with corotated tensors for finer detail.
Brain Edema in Neurooncology: Radiological Assessment and Management
2004-01-01

Vasogenic brain edema is a common diagnostic and management problem in brain tumor patients. Molecular mechanisms play a role in the pathophysiology, including abnormalities of tumor endothelium, vascular endothelial growth factor and leukotriene synthase. Edema diagnosis is facilitated by the development of neuroradiological imaging techniques, with diffusion-weighted imaging (DW-MRI) differentiating tumor grades or abscesses and tumors, and diffusion tensor imaging representing an advanced technique to potentially differentiate malignant glioma from metastasis or facilitate preoperative planning. Edema is a prognostic factor for meningioma and metastases but not for glioma. Therapy includes, amongst others, tumor-directed measures such as debulking surgery, radio- and chemotherapy. However, local therapeutic approaches might also induce or exacerbate edema formation. Peritumoral edema can usually be managed with corticosteroids. However, patients on corticosteroids are at greater risk of metabolic changes, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and thromboembolism. More recently, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 as well as boswellic acids have been explored as antiedema agents in patients with brain tumors.
Bacterial Iron Transport Related to Virulence
2004-01-01

We examined the efficacy of a new, fixed-bed, uncoated charcoal device in experimentally intoxicated dogs and in drug-intoxicated as well as chemically poisoned patients. In the animal studies, 4 h of hemoperfusion resulted in a significant decrease in the blood level of phenobarbital, salicylate, pentobarbital and glutethimide. The drug clearances varied between 97 ± 10 and 129 ± 6 ml/min. However, the total amount of drug removed was higher for phenobarbital and salicylate which have a small apparent volume of distribution (AVD) than for pentobarbital and glutethimide which have an AVD greater than total body water. We next treated 14 patients suffering from a wide variety of intoxications. Patients intoxicated with phenobarbital, methsuximide, chlordane and Amanita muscaria all showed a significant improvement in their clinical status. Patients intoxicated with ethchlorvynol, glutethimide, methaqualone, podophylhn and fluoroacetamide did not improve. Charcoal hemoperfusion may be useful in patients poisoned with drugs characterized by an AVD smaller than total body water. No major complications were encountered during the hemoperfusions.
Association of the Serum and Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinase (sgk1) Gene with QT Interval
2004-01-01

The serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase (SGK1) is well known to up-regulate the renal epithelial Na(+) channel ENaC. Excessive SGK1 activity would be expected to cause renal Na(+) retention and blood pressure increase. Certain polymorphisms of the SGK1 gene (E8CC/CT;I6CC) are indeed associated with moderately enhanced blood pressure. We have recently disclosed another function of SGK1, i.e. the stimulation of the slowly activating K(+) channel KCNE1/KCNQ1. Among the functions of this channel is the repolarisation of cardiac myocytes. Accordingly, defective KCNE1 and/or KCNQ1 lead to long QT syndrome, a disorder causing fainting and sudden cardiac death. In the present study we demonstrate that coexpression of SGK1 in Xenopus oocytes increases KCNQ1/KCNE1 induced current without significantly altering voltage dependence, activation and deactivation kinetics. To test for the relevance of SGK1 in human cardiac repolarization, we analysed the ECG of monozygotic (MZ) (126 pairs) and dizygotic (DZ) (70 pairs) twin subjects and parents of DZ twins. The E8CC/CT;I6CC polymorphism was indeed significantly (p<0.025) associated with shortened age and gender corrected QT interval. No significant differences were observed in any other ECG parameter, including heart rate, P, PQ and QRS. We conclude that the regulation of KCNE1/KCNQ1 by SGK1 is similarly relevant for the repolarization of cardiac myocytes as for regulation of renal ENaC activity and blood pressure control.
Structure Property Analysis of Pentamethine Indocyanine Dyes:  Identification of a New Dye for Life Science Applications
2004-01-01

A collection of nine pentamethine indocyanine dyes was synthesized, and the photophysical characteristics relevant to applications in cell biology and single molecule detection were analyzed in detail. Substituents at the aromatic system covering the auxochromic series and substitutions in the polymethine chain were investigated with respect to absorption and emission spectra, fluorescence lifetimes, fluorescence quantum yields, and fluorescence autocorrelations. Substitutions in the polymethine chain increased the nonradiative energy dissipation of the excited singlet state and decreased the fluorescence quantum yield, relative to the unsubstituted compound. For substituents at the aromatic rings the fluorescence quantum yield negatively correlates with the position of the substituents in the auxochromic series -SO(3)(-), -H, -F, -CH(3). Compounds with sulfonic acid groups or halogen atoms attached to the indolenine systems had the highest fluorescence quantum yields. The compound S0387 had nearly 70% of the quantum yield of Cy5 and comparable photostability. The free carboxylic acid of S0387 was attached to peptides in high yield and purity by established procedures of solid-phase synthesis. The dye-labeled peptides did not aggregate or bind to tissue culture cells and proteins unspecifically. The indocyanine dye S0387 is therefore an attractive new fluorophore for in vitro and cell-based detection of receptor ligand interaction at nanomolar concentrations by flow cytometry, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and laser scanning microscopy.
A Genotype-Phenotype Correlation with Gender-Effect for Hearing Impairment Caused by <i>TECTA</i> Mutations
2004-01-01

It is conspicuous that the phenotype in this family correlates with other families, also displaying mutations involving conserved cysteines. In all three families these mutations result in progressive HI involving high frequencies. In contrast, mutations which are not affecting the vWFD domains seem to provoke mid-frequency sensorineural HI. Furthermore, evaluation of clinical data in our family revealed a gender effect for the severity of hearing impairment. Males were significantly more affected than females. The identification of the third family displaying a missense mutation in the vWFD domain of alpha-tectorin underlines the phenotype-genotype correlation based on different mutations in TECTA.
Behçet's disease in patients of German and Turkish origin living in Germany: a comparative analysis.
2004-01-01

Our results do not favor an ethnic influence on the expression of BD. Environmental influences may be responsible for the higher frequency of ocular manifestations and the higher male to female ratio in patients living in Germany compared to those living in Turkey.
MαNP acid, a powerful chiral molecular tool for preparation of enantiopure alcohols by resolution and determination of their absolute configurations by the 1H NMR anisotropy method
2004-01-01

Abstract A novel methodology using a chiral molecular tool of MαNP acid ( 1 ), 2‐methoxy‐2‐(1‐naphthyl)propionic acid, useful for preparation of enantiopure secondary alcohols and determination of their absolute configurations by the 1 H NMR anisotropy method was developed; racemic MαNP acid ( 1 ) was enantioresolved with (–)‐menthol, and the enantiopure MαNP acid ( S )‐(+)‐( 1 ) obtained was allowed to react with racemic alcohol, yielding a mixture of diastereomeric esters, which was clearly separated by HPLC on silica gel. By applying the sector rule of 1 H NMR anisotropy effect, the absolute configuration of the first‐eluted MαNP ester was unambiguously determined. Solvolysis or reduction of the first‐eluted MαNP esters yielded enantiopure alcohols. Chirality 16:569–585, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Digital Rights Management in the United States and Europe
2004-01-01

Journal Article Digital Rights Management in the United States and Europe Get access Stefan Bechtold Stefan Bechtold 1Stefan Bechtold is a Research Fellow, University of Tübingen Law School, Germany; Fellow, since 2002, Center for Internet and Society, Stanford Law School; Second State Examination, 2004, State of Baden-Württemberg, Germany; J.S.M., 2002, Stanford Law School; Dr. iur. (legal Ph.D.), 2001, University of Tübingen Law School, Germany; First State Examination (J.D. equivalent), 1999, University of Tübingen Law School, Germany. The author would like to thank George Bermann, Darlene Corrigan, Brian Hemphill and Margaret Radin for helpful comments on this article. The author also gratefully acknowledges many conversations with and comments by Christoph Engel, Hannes Federrath, Kamiel Koelman, Mark Lemley, Lawrence Lessig, Robert Merges, Wernhard Möschel, Markus Müller, Niels Rump, Pamela Samuelson, Tomas Sander, and Florian Wagner, on this topic over the last few years Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Journal of Comparative Law, Volume 52, Issue 2, Spring 2004, Pages 323–382, https://doi.org/10.2307/4144454 Published: 01 April 2004
An event-based network-on-chip monitoring service
2004-01-01

Networks on chip (NoCs) are a scalable interconnect solution for large scale multiprocessor systems on chip (SoCs). However, little attention has been paid so far to the monitoring and debugging support for NoC-based systems. We propose a generic online event-based NoC monitoring service, based on hardware probes attached to NoC components. The proposed monitoring service offers run-time observability of NoC behavior and supports system-level and application debugging. The defined service can be accessed and configured at run-time from any network interface port. We present a probe architecture for the monitoring service, together with its associated programming model and traffic management strategies. We prove the feasibility of our approach via a prototype implementation for the AEthereal NoC. The additional monitoring traffic is low; typical monitoring connection configuration for a NoC-based SoC application needs only 4.8KB/s, which is 6 orders of magnitude lower than the 2GB/s per link raw bandwidth offered by the AEthereal NoC.
Cannibalism of diploid drone larvae in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is released by odd pattern of cuticular substances
2004-01-01

SUMMARYIn order to decipher the assumed scent signals from diploid drone larvae which release the cannibalism behaviour of nursing worker honey bees, cuticular extracts of newly hatched and unfed live larvae were made by brief washes in pentane. The first instars were sexed using a recently improved method. The extracted cuticular substances of diploid drones, diploid workers and haploid drones were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Greater quantities of cuticular compounds were obtained from male than from female larvae, with the diploid drones having a little less than the haploids. The main components in the first instar larval spectrum were identified as four alkanes and squalene, present in the extracts of all three larval types, but in different amounts. No substance was found to occur exclusively on the diploid drones. Our analyses clearly indicate pronounced quantitative but no qualitative peculiarities in the pattern of cuticular secretions on first instar diploid drone larvae. The pattern differs from both the worker and the normal drone composition and is presumably perceived as odd by the nursing worker bees. This assumption was bioassayed with dummies impregnated with blends copying the quantitative pattern of the five main components as determined for the three types of larvae. The brood cells containing diploid drone 'dummies' (shaped from paraffin) were emptied significantly faster than those with the worker and haploid drone odour or the controls. According to these within-colony test results, the adult bees can recognize diploid drones by their particular pattern of cuticular secretions. Neither the previous notion of a cannibalism substance nor that of a diminished production of pheromones could be confirmed. Implications of this infanticide on inclusive fitness of the superorganism bee colony and evolutionary aspects in relation to the hymenopteran sex determination are discussed.Keywords: Apis melliferadiploid droneslarval cannibalismcuticular substanceslarval discrimination bioassayinclusive fitnessevolution of sex determination
Extensive peritoneal and omental lymphomatosis with raised CA 125 mimicking carcinomatosis: CT and intraoperative findings
2004-01-01

Diffuse peritoneal and omental seeding are well-known forms of dissemination of metastatic carcinoma. A wide variety of primary neoplasms may cause peritoneal and omental carcinomatosis, most commonly carcinomas of the ovary, gastrointestinal tract and breast. Extensive involvement of the peritoneal cavity with lymphoma is, however, rare. The association of peritoneal lymphoma with a raised CA 125, a tumour marker which is commonly raised in ovarian carcinoma, is a highly challenging clinical situation, which to our knowledge has not been published before in the medical literature. Not being aware of the possibility of this unusual combination of clinical, laboratory and imaging findings can lead to an erroneous diagnosis, as in our case.
Sorption kinetics during macropore transport of organic contaminants in soils: Laboratory experiments and analytical modeling
2004-01-01

Preferential solute transport coupled with diffusion into the surrounding matrix region has been examined in a silty loam soil by conducting macropore column experiments for various hydrophobic organic compounds (phenanthrene, 1, 2‐DCB, TCE, carbofuran) representing the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorobenzenes, chlorinated solvents, and pesticides. A new and ready‐to‐use analytical solution was developed for this setting to model the breakthrough curves. The model accounts for advection in the macropore region, diffusion into the matrix region, and linear sorption in both regions. In this setting, hydrodynamic dispersion is negligible as proved by a comparison of an advection‐dispersion model of finite pulse input. Conservative tracer experiments were predicted very well with independently determined transport parameters except for the tortuosity factor, which was used as a fitting parameter for the pore diffusion coefficient in the matrix. In case of sorbing solutes the sorption coefficient ( K d ) was used as additional fitting parameter. The fitted K d was 65% smaller for less sorbing compounds, e.g., carbofuran, and 80% less for strongly sorbing compounds, e.g., phenanthrene compared to the independently determined K d from batch experiments. This indicates that sorption equilibrium was not obtained completely during the matrix diffusion at the timescale of the macropore flow experiment.
Paclitaxel Treatment of Breast Cancer Cell Lines Modulates Fas/Fas Ligand Expression and Induces Apoptosis Which Can Be Inhibited through the CD40 Receptor
2004-01-01

&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt; Cytotoxic chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer is frequently complicated by drug resistance. Our goal was to define the role of the apoptosis-regulating receptors Fas (CD95) and CD40 in the chemosensitivity of breast cancer. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The sensitivity of four breast cancer cell lines to paclitaxel and mitoxantrone was evaluated using an ATP-based cell viability assay. After verification of apoptosis by annexin V staining and TUNEL assay, cell lines were characterized regarding their constitutive expression of both surface and soluble (s)Fas (CD95) and Fas ligand (Fas-L). The role of the Fas/Fas-L system and different caspases was assessed by blocking drug-mediated apoptosis with specific antibodies. Finally, the paclitaxel sensitivity of the CD40-negative cell line KS was compared to that of its CD40-positive transfectant KS-CD40. &lt;i&gt;Results and Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; While the cytotoxic effect of mitoxantrone did not correlate with Fas expression, the results presented here suggest some involvement of the Fas/Fas-L system in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Cell lines with constitutive expression of Fas/sFas demonstrated a higher sensitivity to paclitaxel than Fas-negative cells. Incubation with paclitaxel led to a measurable downregulation of the expression of both soluble and surface Fas receptor in these cells. Interestingly, stimulation of the CD40 receptor inhibited paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in the transfected cell line KS-CD40, suggesting a role of this receptor in the modulation of chemosensitivity.
Hepatic progenitor cells in human liver cirrhosis: Immunohistochemical, electron microscopic and immunofluorencence confocal microscopic findings
2004-01-01

HPC with ultrastructural and immunophenotypical features of oval cells, i.e., hepatic stem cell-like cells as noted in other liver diseases, were found in HLC. These findings further support the hypothesis that bipotent hepatic stem cells, that may give rise to biliary epithelial cells and hepatocytes, exist in human livers.
Sirolimus-eluting stents for the treatment of obstructive superficial femoral artery disease: six-month results.
2004-01-01

The use of sirolimus-eluting SMART Stents for superficial femoral artery occlusion is feasible, with a trend toward reducing late loss compared with uncoated stents. The coated stent also proved to be safe and was not associated with any serious adverse events.