julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Gap, shadows, spirals, and streamers: SPHERE observations of binary-disk interactions in GG Tauri A
2020-07-28

Context. A large portion of stars is found to be part of binary or higher-order multiple systems. The ubiquity of planets found around single stars raises the question of whether and how planets in binary systems form. Protoplanetary disks are the birthplaces of planets, and characterizing them is crucial in order to understand the planet formation process. Aims. Our goal is to characterize the morphology of the GG Tau A disk, one of the largest and most massive circumbinary disks. We also aim to trace evidence for binary-disk interactions. Methods. We obtained observations in polarized scattered light of GG Tau A using the SPHERE/IRDIS instrument in the H-band filter. We analyzed the observed disk morphology and substructures. We ran 2D hydrodynamical models to simulate the evolution of the circumbinary ring over the lifetime of the disk. Results. The disk and also the cavity and the inner region are highly structured, with several shadowed regions, spiral structures, and streamer-like filaments. Some of these are detected here for the first time. The streamer-like filaments appear to connect the outer ring with the northern arc. Their azimuthal spacing suggests that they may be generated through periodic perturbations by the binary, which tear off material from the inner edge of the outer disk once during each orbit. By comparing observations to hydrodynamical simulations, we find that the main features, in particular, the gap size, but also the spiral and streamer filaments, can be qualitatively explained by the gravitational interactions of a binary with a semimajor axis of ~35 au on an orbit coplanar with the circumbinary ring.
Genetic and Phenotypic Basis of Autosomal Dominant Parkinson's Disease in a Large Multi-Center Cohort
2020-07-28

<i>LRRK2, SNCA</i>, and <i>VPS35</i> are unequivocally associated with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated the prevalence of <i>LRRK2, SNCA</i>, and <i>VPS35</i> mutations and associated clinical features in a large French multi-center cohort of PD patients. Demographic and clinical data were collected for 1,805 index cases (592 with autosomal dominant inheritance and 1,213 isolated cases) since 1990. All probands were screened with TaqMan assays for <i>LRRK2</i> Gly2019Ser. In the absence of this mutation, the coding sequences of the three genes were analyzed by Sanger sequencing and/or next-generation sequencing. The data for the three genes were analyzed according to age at onset, family history, ethnic origin and clinical features. We identified 160 index cases (8.9%) with known pathogenic variants: 138 with pathogenic <i>LRRK2</i> variants (7.6%), including 136 with the Gly2019Ser mutation, 19 with <i>SNCA</i> point mutations or genomic rearrangements (1.1%), and three with the <i>VPS35</i> Asp620Asn mutation (0.16%). Mutation frequencies were higher in familial than isolated cases, consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance (12.0 vs. 7.3%; OR 1.7, 95% CI [1.2-2.4], <i>p</i> = 0.001). PD patients with <i>LRRK2</i> variants were more likely to have higher rates of late-onset PD (>50 years; OR 1.5, 95% CI [1.0-2.1], <i>p</i> = 0.03), whereas those with <i>SNCA</i> mutations tended to have earlier age at onset disease (≤ 50 years, <i>p</i> = 0.06). The clinical features of <i>LRRK2</i> carriers and those without any pathogenic variants in known PD-associated genes were similar. The likelihood of detecting disease-causing mutations was higher in cases compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance.
Neuronal correlates of spider phobia in a combined fNIRS-EEG study
2020-07-28

Abstract Specific phobia is associated with aberrant brain activation in confrontation paradigms with phobic stimuli. In previous EEG research enhanced event-related potentials (ERPs) in the late-positive potential (LPP) window have been observed. Further, studies with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and fMRI suggest that spider phobia is associated with enhanced activation within cortical and subcortical areas. In the current study we investigated the neuronal correlates of spider phobia in a combined fNIRS–EEG study. To this end, 37 spider phobic patients (PP) and 32 healthy controls (HC) underwent a symptom provocation paradigm during which subjects watched video clips of spiders and domestic animals (confrontation phase) after being primed on the content of the video (anticipation phase). Simultaneously, fNIRS, EEG, electromyography (EMG), electrocardiography and behavioral measures were assessed. Results showed increased LPP amplitudes, increased hemodynamic responses in the cognitive control network, and increased EMG activity and heart rate during spider conditions in PP in comparison to HC. Furthermore, in behavioral ratings PP showed higher emotional distress and avoidance. Behavioral ratings, fNIRS and EEG data showed positive correlations on a between-subject as well as on a within-subject level. Our results merge the existing data on neurophysiological correlates of phobic stimulus processing in hemodynamic and electrophysiological research and extend those of static visual material (pictures) to dynamic visual material (videos).
Direct Automated MALDI Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Cellular Transporter Function: Inhibition of OATP2B1 Uptake by 294 Drugs
2020-07-28

OATP2B1, a member of the solute carrier (SLC) transporter family, is an important mechanism of substrate drug uptake in the intestine and liver and therefore a determinant of clinical pharmacokinetics and site of drug-drug interactions. Other SLC transporters have emerged as pharmacology targets. Studies of SLC transporter uptake to-date relied on radioisotope- or fluorescence-labeled reagents or low-throughput quantification of unlabeled compounds in cell lysate. In this study, we developed a cell-based MALDI MS workflow for investigation of OATP2B1 cellular uptake by optimizing the substrate, matrix, matrix-analyte ratio, and matrix application and normalization method. This workflow was automated and applied to characterize substrate transport kinetics and to test 294 top-marketed drugs for OATP2B1 inhibition and quantify inhibitory potencies necessary for extrapolation of clinical drug-drug interaction potential. Intra-assay reproducibility of this MALDI MS method was high (CV < 10%), and results agreed well (83% overlap) with previously published radioisotope assay data. Our results indicate that fast and robust MALDI MS cellular assays could emerge as a high-throughput label-free alternative for direct assessment of drug transporter function in DDIs and toxicities as well as enable drug discovery for transporters as pharmacology targets.
Capsid-like particles decorated with the SARS2-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain elicit strong virus neutralization activity
2020-07-28

<title>Abstract</title> The rapid development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is a global priority. Here, we developed two capsid-like particle (CLP)-based vaccines displaying the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. RBD antigens were displayed on AP205 CLPs through a novel split-protein Tag/Catcher ensuring unidirectional and high-density display of RBD. Both soluble recombinant RBD, and RBD displayed on CLPs bound the ACE2 receptor with nanomolar affinity. Mice were vaccinated with soluble RBD or CLP-displayed RBD, formulated in Squalene-Water-Emulsion. The RBD-CLP vaccines induced higher levels of serum anti-RBD antibodies, than the soluble RBD vaccines. Remarkably, one injection with our lead RBD-CLP vaccine in mice elicited virus neutralization antibody titers comparable to those found in patients which had recovered from Covid-19. Following booster vaccinations, the virus neutralization titers exceeded those measured after natural infection, at serum dilutions above 1:10.000. Thus, the RBD-CLP vaccine is highly promising candidates for preventing COVID-19 disease.
Polar quasinormal modes of the scalarized Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black holes
2020-07-29

We study the polar quasinormal modes of spontaneously scalarized black holes\\nin Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory. In previous works we showed that a set of\\nnodeless solutions of the fundamental branch of the model studied in [1] are\\nstable under both radial [2] and axial perturbations [3]. Here we calculate the\\npolar quasinormal modes and show that this set of solutions is stable against\\nthe polar perturbations as well. Thus for a certain region of the parameter\\nspace the scalarized black holes are potentially stable physically interesting\\nobjects. The spectrum of the polar quasinormal modes differs both\\nquantitatively and qualitatively from the Schwarzschild one which offers the\\npossibility to test the Gauss-Bonnet theory via the future gravitational wave\\nobservations.\\n
Pancreatic Steatosis Associates With Impaired Insulin Secretion in Genetically Predisposed Individuals
2020-07-29

Abstract Context Pancreatic steatosis leading to beta-cell failure might be involved in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis. Objective We hypothesized that the genetic background modulates the effect of pancreatic fat on beta-cell function and investigated genotype × pancreatic fat interactions on insulin secretion. Design Two observational studies. Setting University hospital. Patients or participants A total of 360 nondiabetic individuals with elevated risk for T2D (Tuebingen Family Study [TUEF]), and 64 patients undergoing pancreatectomy (Pancreas Biobank [PB], HbA1c &amp;lt;9%, no insulin therapy). Main Outcome Measures Insulin secretion calculated from 5-point oral glucose tolerance test (TUEF) and fasting blood collection before surgery (PB). A genome-wide polygenic score for T2D was computed from 484,788 genotyped variants. The interaction of magnetic resonance imaging-measured and histologically quantified pancreatic fat with the polygenic score was investigated. Partitioned risk scores using genome-wide significant variants were also computed to gain insight into potential mechanisms. Results Pancreatic steatosis interacted with genome-wide polygenic score on insulin secretion (P = 0.003), which was similar in the replication cohort with histological measurements (P = 0.03). There was a negative association between pancreatic fat and insulin secretion in participants with high genetic risk, whereas individuals with low genetic risk showed a positive correlation between pancreatic fat and insulin secretion. Consistent interactions were found with insulin resistance-specific and a liver/lipid-specific polygenic scores. Conclusions The associations suggest that pancreatic steatosis only impairs beta-cell function in subjects at high genetic risk for diabetes. Genetically determined insulin resistance specifically renders pancreatic fat deleterious for insulin secretion.
Standardisation of optical coherence tomography angiography nomenclature in uveitis: first survey results
2020-07-29

Aim To standardise the nomenclature for reporting optical coherence angiography (OCT-A) findings in the field of uveitis. Methods Members of the International Uveitis Study Group, of the American Uveitis Society and of the Sociedad Panamericana de Infermedades Oculares that choose to participate responded to an online questionnaire about their preferred terminology when reporting on OCT-A findings in uveitis. The response of individuals with several publications on OCT-A (experts) was compared with uveitis specialists (users) who have less than five publications on the field of uveitis and OCT-A. Results A total of 108 uveitis specialists who participated in the survey were included in the analysis. Of those, 23 were considered OCT-A ‘experts’. There was an agreement in both groups for the definition of wide-field (WF)-OCT-A, and definition of neovascularisation in uveitis. Moreover, there was a difference in the responses in other areas, such as quantification of ischaemia, definition of ‘large’ areas of ischaemia or terms to describe decreased OCT-A signal from different causes. There was an unanimous need of ‘users’ and ‘experts’ to distinguish size of decreased OCT-A signal in uveitis, to implement a quantitative measurement of decreased flow specifically for WF-OCT-A and to use different terms for different causes of decreased OCT-A signal. Conclusions While there was considerable agreement in the terminology used by all uveitis experts, significant differences in terminology were noted between ‘users’ and ‘experts’. These differences indicate the need for standardisation of nomenclature among all uveitis specialists both for the purpose of reporting and in clinical use.
Magnetic bead-based ELISA allow inexpensive, rapid and quantitative detection of human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
2020-07-29

Abstract Here we describe a novel immunogenic method to detect COVID-19. The method is a chromogenic magnetic bead-based ELISA which allows inexpensive and quantitative detection of human IgG or IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in serum or whole blood samples in just 12 minutes. As a proof of concept, we compared the performance of our new method to classical ELISA. Person correlation between optical densities obtained using the two methods was 0.98, the color intensity observed in the novel method correlated with antibody titers determined by classical ELISA. The novel magnetic bead-based ELISA correctly classified all 6 positive COVID-19 samples tested and showed 100% specificity as judged by the analysis of a cohort of 26 negative samples. The magnetic bead-based ELISA performed better than classic ELISA to discriminate COVID-19 positive serum with low antibody titer. The chromogenic magnetic bead-based ELISA method described here can be applied to both point of care and high throughput analysis. The method is readily adaptable to be used with other protein and peptide-based antigens.
Cognitive Schemas of Multicultural and Multilingual Employees
2020-07-29

This study explores multicultural and multilingual individuals as two employee groups that gain increased importance for globally operating organizations. Companies have recognized the valuable resources these employees bring to their cross-cultural and cross-lingual ventures. As such, this study investigates their cognitive schemas as an important resource for outcomes in the workplace. Cognitive schemas are organized knowledge structures and influence individuals’ thinking, behaviour, emotions and how information is interpreted. Based on the analysis of 154 semi-structured interviews, we develop a framework of multicultural and multilingual schemas within individuals. Our inductive theory building concluded that their schemas are developed through external influences and internal dealings and consist of unique compositions of cultural and language elements. The schemas highlight the importance to consider varying degrees of knowledge in their multiple cultures and languages, specifically related to the professional and private contexts. In addition, they further our understanding about the individual agency in developing the schemas. We propose a shift toward acknowledging the existence of a multicultural schema and a multilingual schema within individuals as opposed to multiple cultural and language schemas.
Biallelic mutation ofCLRN2causes non-syndromic hearing loss in humans
2020-07-29

Abstract Deafness, the most frequent sensory deficit in humans, is extremely heterogenous with hundreds of genes probably involved. Clinical and genetic analyses of an extended consanguineous family with pre-lingual, moderate-to-profound autosomal recessive sensorineural hearing loss, allowed us to identify CLRN2 , encoding a tetraspan protein as a new deafness gene. Homozygosity mapping followed by exome sequencing identified a 15.2 Mb locus on chromosome 4p15.32p15.1 containing a missense pathogenic variant in CLRN2 (c.494C&gt;A, NM_001079827.2) segregating with the disease. Using in vitro RNA splicing analysis, we show that the CLRN2 c.494C&gt;A mutation leads to two events: 1) the substitution of a highly conserved threonine (uncharged amino acid) to lysine (charged amino acid) at position 165, p.(Thr165Lys), and 2) aberrant splicing, with the retention of intron 2 resulting in a stop codon after 26 additional amino acids, p.(Gly146Lysfs*26). Expression studies and phenotyping of newly produced zebrafish and mouse models deficient for clarin 2 further confirm that clarin 2, expressed in the inner ear hair cells, is essential for normal organization and maintenance of the auditory hair bundles, and for hearing function. Together, our findings identify CLRN2 as a new deafness gene, which will impact future diagnosis and treatment for deaf patients.
Multicultural and Multilingual Individuals Forming Social Capital
2020-07-29

This study investigates the social capital formation and outcome of two increasingly important groups of employees: multicultural and multilingual individuals. While internationally operating organizations are increasingly relying on the informal resources of their employees such as social capital to gain a competitive advantage, cultural and language differences among their employees limit the formation and presence of social capital. Since multicultural and multilingual employees could be a solution to this dilemma, we investigate how they form social capital and identify the properties of their network of relationships as relevant to the organization. Based on the analysis of 154 semi-structured interviews with multicultural and multilingual individuals in international workplaces, we develop a model that shows the multifaceted process how multilinguals form language-specific social capital only, whereas multiculturals form culture-specific and culture-general social capital. Our inductive reasoning unpacks the language-related, culture-related and personal attributes that these individuals draw on when forming social capital. Our study contributes to international business research by introducing the micro-processes of forming social capital and expanding knowledge about the resources that multicultural and multilingual employees bring to organizations.
A multi-phenotype genome-wide association study of clades causing tuberculosis in a Ghanaian- and South African cohort
2020-07-29

Abstract Despite decades of research and advancements in diagnostics and treatment, tuberculosis remains a major public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. New bioinformatics and computational methods are needed to interrogate the intersection of host- and bacterial genomes and identify novel targets for anti-tuberculosis drugs. Host genotype datum and paired infecting bacterial isolate information were analysed for associations using a multinomial logistic regression framework implemented in SNPTest. Two geographically distinct cohorts were evaluated: a cohort of 947 participants self-identifying as belonging to a five-way admixed South African population and a Ghanaian cohort consisting of 3 311 participants. We report potential associations between host genetic variants and multiple members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Although none of the variants analyzed in the South African cohort passed the GWAS cut-off for significance, 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the Ghanaian cohort as being statistically significantly associated with risk for infection with strains of different members of the MTBC. Further analysis revealed that two of these SNPs were directly genotyped, and the rest were imputed using the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 reference panel. The availability of paired host-pathogen data is imperative for investigating strain-specific interactions between MTBC and its host. As demonstrated by this study, the implementation of a multinomial logistic regression using paired host-pathogen data may prove valuable for further research investigating the complex relationships driving infectious disease.
The "situative nature" of competence and value beliefs and the predictive power of autonomy support: A multilevel investigation of repeated observations
2020-07-29

In their situated expectancy-value theory, Eccles and Wigfield (2020) assume students’ competence and value beliefs to be situation-specific and thereby to be “situative” in nature. Even though motivation research has gradually been developing an understanding of this situative nature, for instance, by disentangling time-consistent and fluctuating proportions of competence and value beliefs at the analytical level of the individual, most studies still have not disentangled them at the class level. The present study sought to close this gap by applying a multilevel modeling approach based on data from 1,617 ninth-grade students in 78 classrooms across five consecutive math lessons. Our findings revealed significant proportions of trait variance and state residual variance in students’ competence beliefs, value beliefs, and their perceptions of autonomy-supportive teaching behaviors at the individual and class levels. Larger amounts of variance could be attributed to the individual level compared with the class level and to fluctuating compared with time-consistent proportions (across levels). Furthermore, students’ perceptions of autonomy-supportive teaching behaviors predicted their situation-specific competence and value beliefs, whereby time-consistent differences, both between students and between classes, explained more variance than fluctuations within students and within classes. Thus, our findings supported the situative nature of competence and value beliefs but also revealed that, by and large, time-consistent differences in the perceptions of autonomy-supportive teaching behaviors between students and classes had more predictive power for students’ competence and value beliefs than intraindividual and intra-class fluctuations over time.
Moving Out and Back In: Unpacking Boomerang Employment and its Consequences
2020-07-29

As employee mobility drastically increases for the modern workforce, returning to one’s previous employer (“boomerang” employment) is increasingly becoming a career pattern pursued by both job seekers and organizations. Having crossed inter-organizational boundaries at least twice (upon turnover and re-entry), boomerangs characterize a unique and understudied type of mobility within and between organizations. Five papers comprising this symposium explore (1) what boomerangs bring to the table both in terms of their own performance behaviors and their influence on the behaviors of their coworkers and (2) how boomerang employment differs from other types of employee mobility patterns, e.g., stayers, multiple movers, and alumni who do not become boomerangs. Leveraging the hybrid nature of boomerang employment, this symposium seeks to deepen our understanding of the boomerang phenomenon while contributing to broader scholarship on employee mobility, careers, and human resources. In with the Old? Examining When Boomerang Employees Outperform New Hires Presenter: JR Keller; Cornell U. Presenter: Rebecca Rheinhardt Kehoe; Cornell U. Presenter: Matthew James Bidwell; U. of Pennsylvania Returning Employees: They Are Back But Are They Here To Stay? Presenter: John E. Delery; U. of Arkansas Presenter: Dorothea Roumpi; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Samantha A. Conroy; Colorado State U. You Can’t Go Home Again: Cooperative Performance Behavior Between Boomerang and Incumbent Employees Presenter: Thorsten Grohsjean; Bocconi U. Presenter: Gina Dokko; U. of California, Davis Presenter: Philip Yang; U. of Tuebingen Are Boomerangs More Like Movers or Stayers? Somewhere in Between? Or Something Else? Presenter: Rhett Andrew Brymer; U. of Cincinnati Presenter: Yeongsu Kim; U. of Massachusetts - Amherst Presenter: John Mawdsley; HEC Paris Presenter: Peter D Sherer; U. of Calgary Presenter: Robert Leonard; Miami U. Ohio Going Backwards to Move Forward: The Link Between Career Competencies and Boomerang Employment Presenter: Rebecca M. Paluch; Sauder School of Business, U. of British Columbia Presenter: Yuna Cho; Yale School of Management