julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
From Mantle Source to an Unusual Late-stage Mineral Wealth in Highest Crustal Levels: A Case Study from the Alkaline- peralkaline Mont Saint-hilaire Complex, Quebec, Canada
2010-01-01

Summary We present details of a field-based study on the evolution of alkaline to peralkaline rocks from the Mont Saint-Hiliaire complex, Quebec, Canada. The progressive magmatic evolution of the complex is represented by three melt batches: (1) primitive gabbroic rocks (XFe cpx = 0.17-0.27, where XFe cpx = molar Fetot/(Fetot+Mg)), (2) a dioritic/monzonitic rock suite (XFe cpx = 0.17-0.41) and (3) highly evolved peralkaline foid syenites (XFe cpx = 0.28-1). Nd and oxygen isotope data as well as major and trace element analyses of mineral separates indicate that all rock units derive from a single mantle source presumably by fractional crystallization processes from one parental melt. Solidification in the orthomagmatic stage probably occured under closed-system conditions. In the highly evolved peralkaline foid syenites, a wealth of minerals is found in the Poudrette quarry, which made Mont Saint-Hilaire a world-famous mineral locality. The late-stage evolution and formation of these partly exotic and rare minerals was reconstructed using a combination of stable isotopes of late-stage carbonates and comprehensive fluid inclusion studies. To explain the wealth of different minerals, at least two sources are necessary: (1) a mantle-derived and fractionated melt of alkaline character. Such magmas are strongly enriched in incompatible elements such as HFSE and LILE. (2) External fluids, probably in equilibrium with surrounding sedimentary rocks. The influence of this external fluid source is detected by the late-stage carbonate minerals’ O and C stable isotope composition, which displays a mixing trend between typical mantle values and sedimentary host rock limestone. Therefore, mixing of these external fluids with the restitic magma and/or its exsolved fluids caused dissolution and re-precipitation processes, resulting in the formation of a large number of rare and exotic minerals.
Self-consistent description of coexistence phenomena in medium mass nuclei
2010-01-01

Shape coexistence and mixing, isospin mixing, the competition between neutron‐proton and like‐nucleon pairing correlations have been identified as the main characteristic features of nuclei near the N = Z line in the A≃70 mass region. The self‐consistent treatment of exotic phenomena dominated by their interplay represents a challenge for the nuclear many‐body models. The realistic description of tiny effects in this mass region aiming to test the fundamental interactions and symmetries as well as the required theoretical predictions concerning the nuclear properties relevant for astrophysical scenarios are still open problems of the low‐energy nuclear physics today.
Self-selection into teamwork: A theoretical and experimental analysis
2010-01-01

We analyze self-selection decisions regarding teamwork both theoretically and empirically. While we focus on individual talent, we also investigate the effects of team tasks, individual teamwork skills, and expectations concerning the talent and teamwork skills of potential teammates as further determinants in the self-selection process. Putting our hypotheses derived from a basic self-selection model in dialogue with original data from a real-task laboratory experiment, we are able to show that it is the less talented who find teamwork appealing but that individual teamwork skills and expectations concerning the talent of potential teammates might compensate for this adverse effect.
Macroeconomic Factors and Bank Risk
2010-01-01

The interplay between banks and the macroeconomy is of key importance for financial and economic stability. We analyze this link using a Factor Augmented Vector Autoregressive Model (FAVAR) which extends a standard VAR for the U.S. macroeconomy with a set of factors summarizing conditions in the banking sector. We use the model to analyze bank risk, bank returns, and bank lending. We take data of more than 2,000 commercial banks from the U.S. Call Reports. We assess the importance of common versus idiosyncratic risk at the bank level and the heterogeneous transmission of macroeconomic and asset price shocks to individual banks. Our paper has four main findings. First, average bank risk declines following expansionary shocks. Results for individual banks reveal that 1/3 of all banks increase risk after a monetary loosening. In this sense, our results are partly in support of the risk-taking channel. Second, bank lending increases following expansionary shocks. Third, the correlation between bank risk and return depends on the underlying macroeconomic shock. Fourth, banks' responses to macroeconomic shocks exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity. We find that riskiness and internationalization are determinants of banks' risk and lending exposure to monetary policy shocks, and that liquidity, in addition, determines banks' lending exposure.
On a translation property of positive definite functions
2010-01-01

If is a locally compact group with a compact invariant neighbourhood of the identity , the following property holds: For every continuous positive definite function with compact support there is a constant such that $\\int L_
Hydrodynamic method versus constitutive modeling in geotechnical materials
2010-01-01

We discuss the methods usually employed for continuous mechanical modeling of geotechnical materials,of which roughly speaking there are two. The first--called hydrodynamic because it was originally used for deriving the Navier-Stokes equations--is mainly adopted by physicists,who applied it to systems such as solids,superfluid,liquid crystals,polymer solutions and granular matter. To set up and close the set of differential equations,it starts from generally valid principles including thermodynamics (especially its second law,or the positivity of entropy production),conservation laws (for mass,energy and momentum),and the concept of spontaneously broken-symmetry (for variables such as elastic strain or quantum phase). The second approach to continuous mechanics is constitutive modeling,usually employed by engineers for the study of systems such as plastic solids,non-Newtonian fluids,geotechnical materials. It aims to directly construct functional relations among stress,strain,their rates,velocity,density and temperature,and use these to close momentum conservation (i.e. the force balance). Since both hydrodynamic and constitutive modeling for geotechnical materials are reported in the literature recently,it is worthwhile--as we do,concisely,in the present paper–to clarify their respective ideology and range of validity,and discuss their similarities and differences. We point out especially what the complete set of state variables in either theory is,and how the treatment of the yield surface and plastic dissipation differ.
Counting paths in VPA is complete for #NC 1 .
2010-01-01

Abstract. We give a #NC 1 upper bound for the problem of counting accepting paths in any fixed visibly pushdown automaton. Our algorithm involves a non-trivial adaptation of the arithmetic formula evaluation algorithm of Buss, Cook, Gupta, Ramachandran ([9]). We also show that the problem is #NC 1 hard. Our results show that the difference between #BWBP and #NC 1 is captured exactly by the addition of a visible stack to a nondeterministic finite-state automaton. 1
[Matteo Borsa (1751-1798) and his 'Hippocratic' reform of medicine].
2010-01-01

The article examines an essay on philosophy of medicine that is, in the same time, a manifest for the reform of medicine. The author is Matteo Borsa (1751-1798) who was for a long period Segretario perpetuo of the Academia Reale di Mantova. The essay, originally entitled The physiologist, was published in 1781 and reveals a deeply skeptical vision of the cognitive power of medicine.
Response of pedogenesis to Holocene climate change in Southern Arabia.
2010-01-01

Pedostratigraphic and soil morphological data show a well-preserved and wide spread palaeosol at the southwestern margin of the Ar-Rub’ al-Khali, Ma’rib, Yemen. The marker horizon of the buried soils is considered as a new proxy of Holocene climate change that is characterised by alternation of e.g. low and high precipitation. The humic palaeosol mainly represented by Ahb and ABb horizons indicates soil development in a more humid climate during the Early Holocene in Southern Arabia as compared to overlying sediments (cover sediments). These cover sediments are obviously a result of increasing aridity from 5800 to 5950 yrs BP on. The early Holocene palaeosol is characterised by AMS 14 C, soil chemical and geochemical data. The pedogenic status quo of this palaeosol is a very important proxy for the interpretation of regional palaeoclimate fluctuations and of the southward shift of the ITCZ in Southern Arabia.
Should the Good and the Selfish be Taxed Differently
2010-01-01

This paper considers an environment where individual actions have externalities, and where there are two types of agents: socially responsible agents (the good) and selfish agents. Selfish agents have payoff functions that do not take into account social welfare. The payoff of a socially responsible agent is a linear combination of (i) social welfare, and (ii) the payoff of a selfish agent. We demonstrate that the corrective tax rates that maximize social welfare do not depend on the degree of social responsibility of socially responsible agents. Hence, the good and the selfish should not be taxed differently.
Importance of CXC chemokine receptor 2 in alveolar neutrophil and exudates macrophage recruitment in response to pneumococcal lung infection
2010-01-01

Aims: Sustained neutrophilic infiltration is known to contribute to organ damage, such as acute lung injury. CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is the major receptor regulating inflammatory neutrophil recruitment in acute and chronic inflamed tissues. Whether the abundant neutrophil recruitment observed in severe pneumonia is essential for protective immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae is poorly defined. Results: Here we show that CXCR2 KO compared to wild-type mice have a severely reduced recruitment of neutrophils and exudate macrophages that is associated with a massive bacterial outgrowth in distal airspaces after infection with S. pneumoniae, resulting in 100% mortality within three days. Furthermore, irradiated wild-type mice reconstituted with increasing amounts of CXCR2 KO bone marrow (10–25–50–75% KO) have correspondingly decreased numbers of both neutrophil and exudates macrophage recruitment that is associated with a step-wise increase in bacterial burden and a reciprocal step-wise decrease in survival in S. pneumoniae induced pulmonary infection. Summary: These data show that CXC chemokine receptor 2 serves a previously unrecognized non-redundant role in the regulation of both neutrophil and exudate macrophage recruitment to the lung in response to S. pneumoniae infection.
Phase transitions in proof theory
2010-01-01

Using standard methods of analytic combinatorics we elaborate critical points (thresholds) of phase transitions from provability to unprovability of arithmetical well-partial-ordering assertions in several familiar theories occurring in the reverse mathematics program.
Scotland and Wales
2010-01-02

Abstract This article starts by presenting the academic interpretation, and also argues that much of it rests on shaky foundations. The Marxist scholar, David Craig, wrote The Real Foundations. This book dwelt on base-superstructure relations in industrial society. The fate of various cultures is discussed. The study of how institutional change ‘beds itself in’ ought to occupy political scientists more than it has done. The relationship between the devolved governments and the Union state raise the peculiar nature of responsibilities within the Cabinet that carried devolution. If national identity becomes concentrated on political institutions, conflicts are likely to be much more explicit.
Cross-modal Interactions during Perception of Audiovisual Speech and Nonspeech Signals: An fMRI Study
2010-01-04

Abstract During speech communication, visual information may interact with the auditory system at various processing stages. Most noteworthy, recent magnetoencephalography (MEG) data provided first evidence for early and preattentive phonetic/phonological encoding of the visual data stream—prior to its fusion with auditory phonological features [Hertrich, I., Mathiak, K., Lutzenberger, W., &amp; Ackermann, H. Time course of early audiovisual interactions during speech and non-speech central-auditory processing: An MEG study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 259–274, 2009]. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the present follow-up study aims to further elucidate the topographic distribution of visual–phonological operations and audiovisual (AV) interactions during speech perception. Ambiguous acoustic syllables—disambiguated to /pa/ or /ta/ by the visual channel (speaking face)—served as test materials, concomitant with various control conditions (nonspeech AV signals, visual-only and acoustic-only speech, and nonspeech stimuli). (i) Visual speech yielded an AV-subadditive activation of primary auditory cortex and the anterior superior temporal gyrus (STG), whereas the posterior STG responded both to speech and nonspeech motion. (ii) The inferior frontal and the fusiform gyrus of the right hemisphere showed a strong phonetic/phonological impact (differential effects of visual /pa/ vs. /ta/) upon hemodynamic activation during presentation of speaking faces. Taken together with the previous MEG data, these results point at a dual-pathway model of visual speech information processing: On the one hand, access to the auditory system via the anterior supratemporal “what” path may give rise to direct activation of “auditory objects.” On the other hand, visual speech information seems to be represented in a right-hemisphere visual working memory, providing a potential basis for later interactions with auditory information such as the McGurk effect.
Differential proteomic analysis reveals novel links between primary metabolism and antibiotic production in Amycolatopsis balhimycina
2010-01-04

Abstract A differential proteomic analysis, based on 2‐DE and MS procedures, was performed on Amycolatopsis balhimycina DSM5908, the actinomycete producing the vancomycin‐like antibiotic balhimycin. A comparison of proteomic profiles before and during balhimycin production characterized differentially and constitutively expressed protein isoforms, which were associated with 203 ORFs in the A. balhimycina genome. These data, providing insights on the major metabolic pathways/molecular processes operating in this organism, were used to compile 2‐DE reference maps covering 3–10, 4–7 and 4.5–5.5 pH gradients available over the World Wide Web as interactive web pages ( http://www.unipa.it/ampuglia/Abal‐proteome‐maps ). Functional clustering analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins belong to functional groups involved in central carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism and protein biosynthesis, energetic and redox balance, sugar/amino sugar metabolism, balhimycin biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation or with hypothetical and/or unknown function. Interestingly, proteins involved in the biosynthesis of balhimycin precursors, such as amino acids, amino sugars and central carbon metabolism intermediates, were upregulated during antibiotic production. qRT‐PCR analysis revealed that 8 out of 14 upregulated genes showed a positive correlation between changes at translational and transcriptional expression level. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of two nonproducing mutants, restricted to a sub‐set of differentially expressed proteins, showed that most proteins required for the biosynthesis of balhimycin precursors are downregulated in both mutants. These findings suggest that primary metabolic pathways support anabolic routes leading to balhimycin biosynthesis and the differentially expressed genes are interesting targets for the construction of high‐yielding producer strains by rational genetic engineering.
Establishment of a neuroepithelial barrier by Claudin5a is essential for zebrafish brain ventricular lumen expansion
2010-01-05

Lumen expansion driven by hydrostatic pressure occurs during many morphogenetic processes. Although it is well established that members of the Claudin family of transmembrane tight junction proteins determine paracellular tightness within epithelial/endothelial barrier systems, functional evidence for their role in the morphogenesis of lumenized organs has been scarce. Here, we identify Claudin5a as a core component of an early cerebral-ventricular barrier system that is required for ventricular lumen expansion in the zebrafish embryonic brain before the establishment of the embryonic blood–brain barrier. Loss of Claudin5a or expression of a tight junction-opening Claudin5a mutant reduces brain ventricular volume expansion without disrupting the polarized organization of the neuroepithelium. Perfusion experiments with the electron-dense small molecule lanthanum nitrate reveal that paracellular tightness of the cerebral-ventricular barrier decreases upon loss of Claudin5a. Genetic analyses show that the apical neuroepithelial localization of Claudin5a depends on epithelial cell polarity and provide evidence for concerted activities between Claudin5a and Na + ,K + -ATPase during luminal expansion of brain ventricles. These data establish an essential role of a barrier-forming Claudin in ventricular lumen expansion, thereby contributing to brain morphogenesis.
Efficacy of Low-Dose Interferon α2a 18 Versus 60 Months of Treatment in Patients With Primary Melanoma of ≥ 1.5 mm Tumor Thickness: Results of a Randomized Phase III DeCOG Trial
2010-01-05

Purpose Low-dose (LD) interferon (IFN) alfa (LDI) has demonstrated a consistent disease-free survival benefit for patients with clinically lymph node–negative melanoma in clinical trials. However, the optimal duration of treatment is still under discussion, and no previous trial has evaluated this question specifically. A prolongation of LDI from 18 months to 60 months might be of clinical benefit for patients with intermediate or high-risk melanoma. Patients and Methods Eight hundred fifty patients with resected cutaneous melanoma of at least 1.5 mm tumor thickness were included in this prospective randomized, multicenter trial in Germany and Austria. Patients had to be clinically lymph node–negative, and sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) was performed in a majority of cases. They were randomly assigned to receive 3 MU IFNα2a three times a week subcutaneously for either 18 months (arm A) or 60 months (arm B). Results Of 850 randomly assigned patients, 840 were eligible for evaluation after a median follow-up of 4.3 years. Tumor thickness and other relevant prognostic factors were well balanced between both groups. SLNB was performed in 635 patients (75.6%), with a positivity rate of 18.0% in arm A and 17.5% in arm B. Neither relapse-free survival (arm A, 75.6% v arm B, 72.6%; P = .72; hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.39) nor distant-metastasis–free survival (81.9% v 79.7%; P = .56; HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.52) or overall survival (85.9% v 84.9%; P = .86; HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.50) showed significant differences. Conclusion A prolongation of conventional LDI therapy from 18 to 60 months showed no clinical benefit in patients with intermediate and high-risk primary melanoma.
Serum is not required for ex vivo IFN-γ ELISPOT: a collaborative study of different protocols from the European CIMT Immunoguiding Program
2010-01-05

The Cancer Immunotherapy Immunoguiding Program has conducted an IFN-gamma ELISPOT proficiency panel to examine the influence of serum supplementation of test media on assay performance. Sixteen European laboratories analyzed the same PBMC samples using different locally established protocols. Participants generated two simultaneous data sets-one using medium supplemented with serum and one without serum. Performances of the two test conditions were compared by quantifying: (1) the number of viable cells, (2) background spot formation induced in the medium only control and (3) the ability to detect antigen-specific T cell responses. The study demonstrated that the number of viable cells recovered and the overall background spot production were not significantly different between the two conditions. Furthermore, overall laboratory performance was equivalent for the two test conditions; 11 out of 16 laboratories reported equal or greater detection rates using serum-free medium, while 5 laboratories reported decreased detections rates under serum-free conditions. These results show that good performance of the IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay can be achieved under serum-free conditions. Optimization of the protocol for serum-free conditions should result in excellent detection rates and eliminate the requirement of serum batch and stability testing, allowing further harmonization of the assay.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Total Synthesis of Palmerolide A.
2010-01-05

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fcγ-Receptor IIa Polymorphism and the Role of Immunoadsorption in Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
2010-01-06

In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), cardiac autoantibodies are able to bind with their Fab fragment to epitopes on cardiomyocytes, but thereafter they crosslink through their Fc fragment to cardiac Fc(gamma)-receptor IIa. Polymorphic variability of the Fc(gamma)-receptor IIa is associated with modified affinity of immunoglobin G (IgG) binding and may influence therapeutic effects. In this study, 103 consecutive DCM patients were treated with immunoadsorption (IA) therapy with subsequent IgG substitution (IA/IgG). Echocardiography was performed at baseline and again at 3 and 6 months after IA/IgG. Fc(gamma)-receptor IIa polymorphism R/H131 was genotyped using a nested sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Patients with the Fc(gamma)-receptor IIa genotype R/R131 showed significantly greater improvement in left ventricular (LV) function than patients with the R/H131 or H/H131 genotypes did. Irrespective of the Fc(gamma)-receptor polymorphism, patients with shorter disease duration and a more impaired LV function responded with a greater increase in LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Therefore, the Fc(gamma)-receptor polymorphism influences the efficacy of immunomodulatory therapy involving IA/IgG.
The role of ultraviolet radiation in melanomagenesis
2010-01-07

Please cite this paper as: The role of ultraviolet radiation in melanomagenesis. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 81–88. Abstract: The role of ultraviolet radiation (UV) in the pathogenesis has been discussed controversially for many decades. Studies in mice (SCID, HGF/SF, SV40T) which develop malignant melanoma, show a role of UVB in melanomagenesis. In contrast to this, the role of UVA is less clear. We will review the recent in vitro and in vivo data in support of the hypothesis that UVA is also involved in the development of malignant melanoma. The role of UVA in p53 activation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and photoproduct formation is discussed.