julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Rotational & magnetic field instabilities in neutron stars
2014-01-01

In this short review we present recent results on the dynamics of neutron stars and their magnetic fields. We discuss the progress that has been made, during the last 5 years, in understanding the rotational instabilities with emphasis to the one due to the f-mode, the possibility of using gravitational wave detection in constraining the parameters of neutron stars and revealing the equation of state as well as the detectability of gravitational waves produced during the unstable phase of a neutron star's life. In addition we discuss the dynamics of extremely strong magnetic fields observed in a class of neutron stars (magnetars). Magnetic fields of that strength are responsible for highly energetic phenomena (giant flares) and we demonstrate that the analysis of the emitted electromagnetic radiation can lead in constraining the parameters of neutron stars. Furthermore, we present our results from the study of such violent phenomena in association with the emission of gravitational radiation.
Winning the Cold War: Anti-Communism, Informal Diplomacy, and the Transnational Career of Jean Violet
2014-01-01

The multifaceted career of the French lawyer, political advisor, voluntary intelligence officer, and anti-communist “freelancer” Jean Violet illustrates the growing importance of “informal diplomacy” during the second half of the twentieth century. In highlighting the decisive steps in Violet’s political life, aimed at defeating the communist regimes and “winning the cold war”, this paper discusses the role played by private and non-state actors in the development of a transnational European and transatlantic policy after World War II as well as the extension and professionalization of the informal diplomatic sector since the 1960s which was accompanied by an increasing lack of democratic legitimacy.
A Simultaneous Mobilization Of Four Impacted Upper Incisors In A Case Of An Adolescent Patient With Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD)
2014-01-01

Introduction: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is often attended by a considerable number of supernumerary teeth combined with impaction of sometimes all permanent teeth. To help these patients obtain an esthetically pleasing and functional dentition, eruption of an appropriate number of permanent teeth should ideally be brought about, while all other teeth should be removed. The simultaneous traction of several neighboring teeth into the same direction is associated with biomechanical challenges. This report illustrates how these difficulties were solved in a specific treatment case. Findings and diagnosis: A 9-year-old boy presented with delayed tooth eruption. Major concern of the patient was the edentulous maxillary anterior segment. Clinical manifestation was confined to all deciduous canines and molars in both jaws and to the permanent mandibular central incisors. Radiographic examination revealed the impaction of all remaining permanent teeth as well as 20 supernumerary teeth and four third-molar buds. Cephalometric analysis revealed a tendency for skeletal class III in conjunction with a horizontal growth pattern. &#13;\\nTreatment progress and outcomes: Utilizing a custom-planned appliance, four completely impacted maxillary incisors could be moved to esthetically and functionally acceptable positions within 8 months. The appliance used was supported exclusively by the maxillary deciduous teeth and the palate. Thanks to biomechanical considerations, the position of the anchor teeth could be fully preserved. &#13;\\nConclusions: Simultaneous mobilization of multiple teeth requires a customized approach that does justice to each patient�셲 individual situation. Meticulous treatment planning can prevent adverse effects even without the use of skeletal anchorage methods.
A Comparison of 3D Sensors for Wheeled Mobile Robots.
2014-01-01

Abstract. 3D Sensors are used for many different applications, e.g. scene reconstruction, object detection and mobile robots, etc. Several studies on usability and accuracy have been done for different sensors. However, all these studies have used different settings for the different sensors. For this reason we compare five 3D sensors, including the struc-tured light sensors Microsoft Kinect and ASUS Xtion Pro Live and the time of flight sensors Fotonic E70P, IFM O3D200 and Nippon Signal FX6, using the same settings. The sensor noise, absolute error and point detection rates are compared for different depth values, environmental illumination and different surfaces. Also simple models of the noise de-pending on the measured depth are proposed. It is found that the struc-tured light sensors are very accurate for close ranges. The time of flight sensors have more noise, but the noise does not increase as strongly with the measured distance. Further, it is found that these sensors can be used for outdoor applications. 1
Numerical Integrators for Motion under a Strong Constraining Force
2014-01-01

This paper deals with the numerical integration of Hamiltonian systems in which a stiff anharmonic potential causes highly oscillatory solution behavior with solution-dependent frequencies. The impulse method, which uses micro- and macro-steps for the integration of fast and slow parts, respectively, does not work satisfactorily on such problems. Here it is shown that variants of the impulse method with suitable projection preserve the actions as adiabatic invariants and yield accurate approximations, with macro-stepsizes that are not restricted by the stiffness parameter.
Proton-proton collisions at ultra-relativistic energies in quark-gluon string model
2014-01-01

\\nThe microscopic Monte Carlo quark-gluon string model (QGSM) is employed to study particle production in ultrarelativistic proton-proton collisions. The model is based on Reggeon Field theory accomplished by string phenomenology. Various observables, including multiplicity, rapidity and transverse momentum spectra, short-range, long-range and femtoscopy correlations, are described quite well in a wide span of the collision energy. Predictions are made for pp collisions at √s = 14 TeV.\\n
Design and Synthesis of Novel Quinazoline Derivatives and Their Evaluation as PI3Ks Inhibitors
2014-01-01

The aim of this work was to synthesize 4-acetamido-, 4-amino- and 4-oxo-6-substituted aminoquinazolines and to evaluate them as phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) inhibitors. The respective chemotype was designed based on combining the structural features of two previously reported scaffolds acting as potent PI3Kγ inhibitors, which are quinazoline derivatives and amino-heterocyclic derivatives. In vitro enzymatic assay at 10 μM against all the eight human PI3K isoforms showed that an unsubstituted benzamide group at position 6 and an acetyl group at N(4) gave the best inhibitory activity on PI3Kγ. Interestingly, compounds 5a and 5e showed a significant, inhibitory effect on Class II PI3K-C2γ. This is of high value since there are very few inhibitors for this isoform reported in the literature.
On the origin of cyclotron lines in the spectra of X-ray pulsars
2014-01-01

Cyclotron resonance scattering features are observed in the spectra of some X-ray pulsars and show significant changes in the line energy with the pulsar luminosity. In a case of bright sources, the line centroid energy is anti-correlated with the luminosity. Such a behaviour is often associated with the onset and growth of the accretion column, which is believed to be the origin of the observed emission and the cyclotron lines. However, this scenario inevitably implies large gradient of the magnetic field strength within the line-forming region, and it makes the formation of the observed line-like features problematic. Moreover, the observed variation of the cyclotron line energy is much smaller than could be anticipated for the corresponding luminosity changes. We argue that a more physically realistic situation is that the cyclotron line forms when the radiation emitted by the accretion column is reflected from the neutron star surface. The idea is based on the facts that a substantial part of column luminosity is intercepted by the neutron star surface and the reflected radiation should contain absorption features. The reflection model is developed and applied to explain the observed variations of the cyclotron line energy in a bright X-ray pulsar V 0332+53 over a wide range of luminosities.
Emission line diagnostics for accretion and outflows in young very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs
2014-01-01

We discuss accretion and outflow properties of three very low-mass young\\nstellar objects based on broad-band mid-resolution X-Shooter/VLT spectra. Our\\ntargets (FU TauA, 2M 1207-39, and Par-Lup3-4) have spectral types between M5\\nand M8, ages between 1 Myr and ~10 Myr, and are known to be accreting from\\nprevious studies. The final objective of our project is the determination of\\nmass outflow to accretion rate for objects near or within the substellar regime\\nas a probe for the T Tauri phase of brown dwarfs and the investigation of\\nvariability in the accretion and outflow processes.\\n
Encounters with dibaryons - have they finally become true?
2014-01-01

\\nA short review is given about the long-standing search for dibaryons, i.e. six-quark objects, from the early days until present, when the first non-trivial dibaryon resonance has been established.\\n
Introduction
2014-01-01

Demographic transformations in European and other industrialised countries do not only raise important challenges in the development of ageing policies but also offer new possibilities and perspectives. Responding to the challenges of population ageing on behalf of both governments and civil society is crucial for advancing higher levels of active and successful ageing.
Conclusion
2014-01-01

Learning in later life and intergenerational learning happens in a broad range of diverse contexts, providing not only benefits for the learners and the communities they live in, but also being a necessity for the future of ageing societies and its citizens (Findsen & Formosa, 2011).
Histological and Immunohistological Evaluation of the Tissue Response of a New Barrier Material Based on D,L-Polylactide, Trimethylene Carbonate and Caprolactone to Prevent Peritoneal Adhesion Formation
2014-01-01

Serosal membranes cover body cavities and guarantee frictionless gliding of inner organs.Serosal damage carries the risk of adhesion formation, which represents a relevant postoperative complication.Due to pathophysiological similarities between serous and dermal wound healing, the efficacy of SupraSeal ® in intraabdominal adhesion prevention was investigated at early time points.After standardized serosal damage, Wistar rats were examined macroscopically, histologically and immunohistochemically on days two, four and eight postoperatively.On day eight, all specimens of the control group presented distinctive adhesions consisting of fibrous tissue bands.In contrast, most specimens covered by SupraSeal ® were adhesion-free.Merely mild adhesion formation due to suture material used for fixation was detected.Histologically, SupraSeal ® revealed rapid clearance of fibrin and a marked lack of fibrosis.For the first time, the histomorphological effects of SupraSeal ® on adhesion formation over time are described and the relevance of the early stage of wound healing elucidated.
ESTIMATING THE SIGN AND SIZE OF THE TRANSVERSE SINGLE TARGET-SPIN ASYMMETRY IN INCLUSIVE DIS
2014-01-01

The single-spin asymmetry of unpolarized leptons scattering deep-inelastically off transversely polarized nucleons is discussed. This observable is generated by a two-photon exchange between lepton and nucleon. In a partonic description of the asymmetry the non-perturbative part is given in terms of multiparton correlations: quark-gluon correlation functions and quark-photon correlation functions. Using input from models and data fits for these twist-3 correlation functions, estimates for the single-spin asymmetries for a proton and a neutron are presented.
Metabolism of a novel skepinone l-like p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor
2014-01-01

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a key mediator in cytokine-induced signaling events and is activated in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli such as stress factors, UV-light and inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, the p38 MAP kinase plays an integral role in disease states including oncogenesis, immune disorders and inflammatory processes. Recently a novel class of highly selective p38α inhibitors was described and characterized as tools and probes for in vivo studies. The objective of the current study was the preclinical characterization of 3-((2,4-difluorophenyl)amino)dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-one, a potent p38α MAP kinase inhibitor. In rat and human hepatic microsomal incubations, the examined compound is completely inactivated (concerning the inhibitory potency of the isolated p38α enzyme) by a CYP2B6 mediated phase 1 metabolism. The dehalogenation and subsequent hydroxylation in the para position of the 2,4-difluorophenyl residue was found to be the predominant transformation. The metabolite was detected in different quantities in both species. In a consecutive reaction the phase 1 metabolite conjugates with glucuronic acid in terms of a phase 2 metabolism. The responsible isoenzymes were identified to be UGT1A3, UGT1A9 and UGT1A10. In this reaction UGT1A10 is the predominant driver of the conversion. Similar to the phase 1 metabolite, the conjugate could also be found in different amounts in both examined species.
WHAT CAUSES TRANSVERSE SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES IN LEPTON-NUCLEON AND IN NUCLEON-NUCLEON SCATTERING?
2014-01-01

Transverse single-spin asymmetries are among the most intriguing observables in hadronic physics. Though such asymmetries were already measured for the first time about four decades ago, their origin is still under debate. Here we consider transverse single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive lepton-nucleon scattering, in nucleon-nucleon scattering, and in inclusive lepton-nucleon scattering. It is argued that the single-spin asymmetries for those three processes may be simultaneously described in perturbative QCD, where the re-scattering of the active partons plays a crucial role. A comparison of single-spin asymmetries in different reactions can also shed light on the universality of transverse momentum dependent parton correlation functions. In particular, we discuss what existing data tells us about the predicted process dependence of the Sivers function.
Aligning Word Senses in GermaNet and the DWDS Dictionary of the German Language
2014-01-01

A comparison and alignment of lexical re-sources brings about considerable mutual ben-efits for all resources involved. For all sense distinctions that are completely parallel in two resources, such an alignment provides support-ing external evidence for the validity of sense distinction and allows enriching word senses by information contained in the other resource. By contrast, for all non-matching sense dis-tinctions, reason for revisiting and possibly re-vising the lexical entries in question is provid-ed. The purpose of this paper is to compare the German wordnet GermaNet with the Digital Dictionary of the German Language (DWDS) and to align word senses in the two resources. The paper presents issues that arise in practice when such an alignment is performed and in-dicates the benefits that both resources will gain. 1
Radiocarbon Dating, Mineralogy, and Isotopic Composition of Hackberry Endocarps from the Neolithic Site of Aşikli Höyük, Central Turkey
2014-01-01

Carbonate is abundant in many Neolithic tells and is a potentially useful archive for dating and climate reconstruction. In this paper, we focus on the mineralogy, radiocarbon dating, and stable isotope systematics of carbonate in hackberry endocarps. Hackberry fruits and seeds are edible in fresh and stored forms, and they were consumed in large quantities in many Neolithic sites in the Near East, including the site of our study, Aşıkli Höyük in central Anatolia, an Aceramic Neolithic tell occupied from about 9.4 to &amp;gt; 10.3 BP (7.4 to &amp;gt; 8.3 BCE). Detailed 14 C age control provided by archaeological charcoal permits a test of the fidelity in 14 C dating of hackberry endocarps. Modern endocarps and leaves yield fraction modern 14 C values of 1.050–1.066, consistent with levels present in the atmosphere when sampled in 2009. On the other hand, archaeological endocarps yield consistently younger ages than associated charcoal by ca. 130 14 C years (ca. 220 calendar years) for samples about 10,000 years old. We speculate this is caused by the slight addition of calcite or recrystallization to calcite in the endocarp, as detected by scanning electron microscopy. Subtle addition or replacement of calcite by primary aragonite is not widely recognized in the 14 C community, even though similar effects are reported from other natural carbonates such as shell carbonate. This small (but consistent) level of contamination supports the usefulness of endocarps in dating where other materials like charcoal are lacking. Before dating, however, hackberries should be carefully screened for mineralogical preservation and context. We examined the carbon and oxygen isotopic systematics of the fossil endocarps to try to establish potential source areas for harvesting. Most of the hackberries are enriched in 18 O compared to local water sources, indicating that they were drawing on highly evaporated soil water, rather than the local (perched and regional) water table sampled in our study. Isotopic evidence therefore suggests that most but not all of the hackberries were harvested from nearby mesas well above the local streams and seeps fed by the water table.
From Capitalistic to Humanistic Business
2014-01-01

Transforming Capitalism addresses the challenges to shareholder capitalism. It explores: fair play in the market place;challenges on systemic, organizational and individual levels; the need to refocus
Bilateral Trade and Similarity of Income Distributions: The Role of Second Moments
2014-01-01

This letter uses an augmented gravity model to revisit the effect of similarity in income distributions on bilateral trade flows. We document a robust new empirical regularity: while differences in average incomes between two countries increase trade, differences in income dispersion reduce it. Our result sheds new light on the Linder hypothesis and stresses the importance of demand-based theories of international trade.
QPOs in superuid magnetars
2014-01-01

We study the time-evolution of axisymmetric oscillations of superuid magnetars with a poloidal magnetic eld and an elastic crust. Extending earlier models, we study the eects of composition gradients and entrainment on the magneto-elastic wave spectrum and on the potential identication of the observed Quasi Periodic Oscillations (QPOs). The basic features of the axial axisymmetric spectrum of normal uid stars are reproduced by our results and in addition we nd several magnetoelastic waves with a mixed character. In the core, these oscillations mimic the shear mode pattern of the crust as a result of the strong dynamical coupling between these two regions. Incorporating the most recent entrainment congurations in our models, we nd that they have a double eect on the spectrum: the magnetic oscillations of the core have a frequency enhancement, while the mixed magneto-elastic waves originating in the crust are moved towards the frequencies of the single-uid case. The distribution
61th ORCA Congress. July 2-5, 2014, Greifswald, Germany: Abstracts
2014-01-01

To evaluate (i) the effect of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) using curcumin (C) and a blue LED (BL) on S. mutans (SM) mature biofilm in comparison to 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and (ii) PACT optimization using a novel white light (WL) and C on planktonic SM. (i) PACT was performed using BL (48 J.cm 2 , 3′33′′) combined with C (2.5 mM).SM biofilms were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs in batch culture, replacing the medium daily for five days.Treatments were C+BL+ (PACT); C only; BL only; CHX (60′′) or no treatment.Assays: variable pressure scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and microbial viability (colony-forming units -CFU/mg of biofilm dry weight).(ii) SM was adjusted at 1 × 10 6 cells/ml in PBS and the treatments were performed using WL (42 J.cm 2 , 12′′) with C (0.75 μM) using the same design of (i).The CFU/ mg was calculated by inoculating the disrupted biofilm in blood agar per milligram of biofilm dry weight and transformed into log 10 .Duplicate of three different experiments were performed (n = 6).One-way ANOVA followed by t-student test was applied to verify the differences among all the studied groups.The level of significance was 5%.(i) PACT resulted in a substantial higher number of dead cells (5.98 CFU/mg; reduction of 2.13 log 10 ) when compared to the control (8.11CFU/mg) with no statistical difference to CHX (7.73 CFU/mg) (≤0.05).The morphology of biofilms did not differ among the groups.(ii) PACT group WL achieved a lethal photokilling rate (reduction of 5.37 log 10 ).PACT mediated by curcumin was able to control the mature SM and the WL was an efficient light source to be used in photodynamic approach.
Delegation, worker compensation, and strategic competition
2014-01-01

We study interfirm competition on a product market where effort decisions are delegated to the firms' workers. Intrafirm organization is captured by a principal-multiagent framework where firm owners implement alternative compensation schemes for the workers. We show that the value of delegation as well as the optimal design of the compensation scheme crucially depend on the intensity of competition. In particular, our model explains why piece rates and performance-based revenue sharing may be observed in different markets at the same time.
Labor income risk and the reluctance of households to invest in risky financial assets : a panel data analysis
2014-01-01

We investigate the determinants of a household's decision on whether to invest in risky financial assets. Financial theory suggests that with increasing labor income risk, the reluctance of households to hold stocks increases. We propose to measure income risk as the observed variation of household income over a five year period. We find that indeed higher income risk reduces the propensity to invest in stocks. However, when controlling for household heterogeneity as well as subjective measures of a household's financial situation (income satisfaction, worries about financial situation), the impact of observed labor income variation vanishes.