julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH THE WESTERN GATE OF THE MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT DZHANKENT IN 2018
2019-06-21

The article highlights some of the results of the archaeological study of the defensive structures of the medieval hillfort of Dzhankent, located in Kazaly district, Kyzylorda region. According to medieval eastern sources, the mound in the last period of its existence functioned as the capital of the Oguz state in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya. The article describes the features of the planigraphy of the main entrance gate of the ancient hillfort Dzhankent. The preliminary results of field archaeological research at the main entrance gates of the monument show that, during the erection of the fortress walls, the construction techniques of the neighboring region in the Lower Amudarya were used, which confirm the features of the Dzhankent building structures that have similar architectural traditions of the urban culture of Central Asia. His closest analogies are the design of Dzhankent in Khorezm. First of all, it is the hillfort of Toprak-Kala, which gives the closest analogies for Dzhankent on the internal layout and location of the Citadel. And although Toprak-Kala dates from an earlier period, the comparison of the planning features of the two monuments is quite legitimate, since it is obvious that the spatial-planning model used in the late re-planning of Dzhankent was formed much earlier.
Frontispiece: Chasing Multiple Bonding Interactions between Alkaline‐Earth Metals and Main‐Group Fragments
2019-06-21

Alkylidenes or organoimido ligands which form complexes with alkaline-earth (Ae) metals play a major role in organometallic chemistry. Substantial progress in the respective field of divalent Ae chemistry has recently been made, which was triggered by new synthesis strategies involving new AeII precursors and tailor-made ligands. Dianionic alkylidene, organoimido, silylene, and phosphandiido ligands ideally charge-balance alkaline-earth metal cations but the pursuit of discrete low-molecular species remains extremely challenging. The Minireview by R. Anwander and B. M. Wolf on page 8190 ff. focusses on the synthesis and reactivity of well-defined Group 2 alkylidenes, organoimides, silylenes, and phosphandiides.
Non-invasive marker-independent high content analysis of a microphysiological human pancreas-on-a-chip model
2019-06-22

The increasing prevalence of diabetes, its heterogeneity, and the limited number of treatment options drive the need for physiologically relevant assay platforms with human genetic background that have the potential to improve mechanistic understanding and e\\xpedite diabetes-related research and treatment. In this study, we developed an endocrine pancreas-on-a-chip model based on a tailored microfluidic platform, which enables self-guided trapping of single human pseudo-islets. Continuous, low-shear perfusion provides a physiologically relevant microenvironment especially important for modeling and monitoring of the endocrine function as well as sufficient supply with nutrients and oxygen. Human pseudo-islets, generated from the conditionally immortalized EndoC-βH3 cell line, were successfully injected by hydrostatic pressure-driven flow without altered viability. To track insulin secretion kinetics in response to glucose stimulation in a time-resolved manner, dynamic sampling of the supernatant as well as non-invasive real-time monitoring using Raman microspectroscopy was established on-chip. Dynamic sampling indicated a biphasic glucose-stimulated insulin response. Raman microspectroscopy allowed to trace glucose responsiveness in situ and to visualize different molecular structures such as lipids, mitochondria and nuclei. In-depth spectral analyses demonstrated a glucose stimulation-dependent, increased mitochondrial activity, and a switch in lipid composition of insulin secreting vesicles, supporting the high performance of our pancreas-on-a-chip model.
Stabilizing Techniques and Guided Imagery for Traumatized Male Refugees in a German State Registration and Reception Center: A Qualitative Study on a Psychotherapeutic Group Intervention
2019-06-22

Refugees have an increased risk of developing mental health problems. Due to the unstable setting in refugee state registration and reception centers, recommended trauma-focused treatment approaches are often not applicable. For this purpose, we devised a suitable therapeutic approach to treat traumatized refugees in a German state registration and reception center: Group therapy, focusing on stabilizing techniques and guided imagery according to Reddemann (2017). From May 2017 to April 2018, we conducted semi-structured interviews with n = 30 traumatized refugees to assess their experiences with the stabilizing techniques and guided imagery in group sessions and self-practice. Participants mainly reported that they had more pleasant feelings, felt increasingly relaxed, and could better handle recurrent thoughts. Additionally, the participants noticed that their psychosocial functioning had improved. The main difficulties that participants encountered were feeling stressed, having difficulties staying focused, or concentrating on the techniques. During self-practice, the participants found it most challenging that they did not have any verbal guidance, were often distracted by the surroundings in the accommodation, and had recurrent thoughts about post-migratory stressors, such as insecurity concerning the future or the application for asylum. Our results show that stabilizing techniques and guided imagery according to Reddemann (2017) are a suitable approach to treat traumatized refugees living in volatile conditions.
T1ρ‐based dynamic glucose‐enhanced (DGEρ) MRI at 3 T: method development and early clinical experience in the human brain
2019-06-23

Purpose The aim of this study was to translate the T 1 ρ‐based dynamic glucose‐enhanced (DGEρ) experiment from ultrahigh magnetic field strengths to a clinical field strength of 3 T. Although the protocol would seem to be as simple as gadolinium‐enhanced imaging, several obstacles had to be addressed, including signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), robustness of contrast, and postprocessing, especially motion correction. Methods Spin‐lock based presaturation and a 3D gradient‐echo snapshot readout were optimized for 3 T with regard to robustness, chemical exchange saturation transfer effect strength, and SNR. Postprocessing steps, including dynamic B 0 and motion correction, were analyzed and optimized in 7 healthy volunteers. The final protocol, including glucose injection, was applied to 3 glioblastoma patients. Results With appropriate postprocessing, motion‐related artifacts could be drastically reduced, and an SNR of approximately 90 could be achieved for a single dynamic measurement. In 2 patients with blood–brain barrier breakdown, a significant glucose uptake could be observed with a DGEρ effect strength in the range of 0.4% of the water signal. Thorough analysis of possible residual motion revealed that the statistical evidence can decrease when tested against pseudo effects attributed to uncorrected motion. Conclusion DGEρ imaging was optimized for clinical field strengths of 3 T, and a robust protocol was established for broader application. Early experience shows that DGEρ seems possible at 3 T and could not only be attributed to motion artifacts. Observed DGEρ maps showed unique patterns, partly matching with the T 1 ‐ce tumor ring enhancement. However, effect sizes are small and careful clinical application is necessary.
Implementation Intentions for Improving Self-Regulation in Multimedia Learning: Why Don’t They Work?
2019-06-24

Learners face several self-regulatory challenges during multimedia learning: choosing adequate cognitive strategies (cognitive self-regulation), relying on their own learning abilities (motivational self-regulation), and investing sufficient effort (behavioral self-regulation). Implementation intentions (plans that help transform intentions into action) can support self-regulation. We expected that cognitive, motivational, or behavioral implementation intentions improved learning, compared to a control group. In a first experiment, we found weak evidence that cognitive and behavioral implementation intentions improved learning, whereas motivational implementation intentions reduced learning. However, replication failed in two follow-up experiments. Our findings contradict previous research and suggest that implementation intentions are not suitable to support multimedia learning. Future research should focus on possible boundary conditions that could account for the unexpected and unstable findings.
Diindenoperylene thin-film structure on MoS2 monolayer
2019-06-24

Research on two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals is one of the highly progressive topics in (opto)electronics, as the van der Waals (vdW) interactions enable integration of 2D crystals with a broad range of materials. Organic π-conjugated molecules offer new opportunities for creating the so-called “hybrid” vdW heterostructures, in which their anisotropy adds an extra degree of functional possibilities. Moreover, it was found that in the case of organic molecules, the 2D substrate changes the molecular orientation, which in turn can enhance the overall optoelectronic properties. However, the reorientation of the molecules has been until now studied solely on the graphene underlayer that restrained its applicability to a broader range of materials. Here, we study the molecular orientation of diindenoperylene (DIP), a representative of rodlike organic semiconductors, on the MoS2 monolayer. Our results show that DIP forms separate islands on the top of the MoS2 monolayer with lying-down orientation of the molecules. We combine the grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction technique with atomistic simulations to reveal the exact molecular arrangement on the atomically thin underlayer. We also investigate optical absorption spectra for different thicknesses of the DIP layer, as they are of fundamental importance for various applications in organic-based optoelectronics.
Dokuchaevite, Cu8O2(VO4)3Cl3, a new mineral with remarkably diverse Cu2+ mixed-ligand coordination environments
2019-06-24

Abstract Dokuchaevite, ideally Cu 8 O 2 (VO 4 ) 3 Cl 3 , was found in the Yadovitaya fumarole of the Second scoria cone of the North Breach of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (1975–1976), Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. Dokuchaevite occurs on the crusts of various copper sulfate exhalative minerals (such as kamchatkite and euchlorine) as individual prismatic crystals. Dokuchaevite is triclinic, P , a = 6.332(3), b = 8.204(4), c = 15.562(8) Å, α = 90.498(8), β = 97.173(7), γ = 90.896(13)°, V = 801.9(7) Å 3 and R 1 = 0.057. The eight strongest lines of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are ( d , Å ( I )( hkl ): (15.4396)(18)(00 ), (7.2762)(27)(0 1), (5.5957)(43)(012), (4.8571)(33)( 1), (3.1929) (29)(023), (2.7915)(30)(202), (2.5645)(21)(032), (2.5220)(100)(1 0), (2.4906)(18)(130) and (2.3267)(71)(2 2). The chemical composition determined by electron-microprobe analysis is (wt.%): CuO 60.87, ZnO 0.50, FeO 0.36, V 2 O 5 19.85, As 2 O 5 6.96, SO 3 0.44, MoO 3 1.41, SiO 2 0.20, P 2 O 5 0.22, Cl 10.66, –O = Cl 2 2.41, total 99.06. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 17 anions per formula unit is (Cu 7.72 Zn 0.06 Fe 0.05 ) Σ7.83 (V 2.20 As 0.61 Mo 0.10 S 0.06 P 0.03 Si 0.03 ) Σ3.03 O 13.96 Cl 3.04 . The crystal structure of dokuchaevite represents a new structure type with eight Cu sites, which demonstrate the remarkable diversity of Cu 2+ mixed-ligand coordination environments. The crystal structure of dokuchaevite is based on OCu 4 tetrahedra that share common corners thus forming [O 2 Cu 6 ] 8+ single chains. Two of the eight symmetrically independent copper atoms do not form Cu–O bonds with additional oxygen atoms, and thus are not part of the OCu 4 tetrahedra, but provide the three-dimensional integrity of the [O 2 Cu 6 ] 8+ chains into a framework. T O 4 mixed tetrahedral groups are located within the cavities of the framework. The structural formula of dokuchaevite can be represented as Cu 2 [Cu 6 O 2 ](VO 4 ) 3 Cl 3 .
Decoding of the other’s focus of attention by a temporal cortex module
2019-06-24

Abstract Faces attract the observer’s attention towards objects and locations of interest for the other, thereby allowing the two agents to establish joint attention. Previous work has delineated a network of cortical “patches” in the macaque cortex, processing faces, eventually also extracting information on the other’s gaze direction. Yet, the neural mechanism that links information on gaze direction, guiding the observer’s attention to the relevant object has remained elusive. Here we present electrophysiological evidence for the existence of a distinct “gaze-following patch (GFP)” with neurons that establish this linkage in a highly flexible manner. The other’s gaze and the object, singled out by the gaze, are linked only if this linkage is pertinent within the prevailing social context. The properties of these neurons establish the GFP as a key switch in controlling social interactions based on the other’s gaze. One Sentence Summary Neurons in a “gaze-following patch” in the posterior temporal cortex orchestrate the flexible linkage between the other’s gaze and objects of interest to both, the other and the observer.
LXRα activation and Raf inhibition trigger lethal lipotoxicity in liver cancer
2019-06-24

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Data related to the publication:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;\\n\\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;LXR&amp;alpha; activation and Raf inhibition trigger lethal lipotoxicity in liver cancer.&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;\\n\\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The files include raw trajectory files (three replicates REP1 - 3)&amp;nbsp;of the Desmond MD simulations of sorafenib within the ligand binding pocket of LXRalpha (PDB ID: 3IPS) and LXRbeta (PDB ID:&amp;nbsp;1PQ6), as well as in the AF-2 groove for both&amp;nbsp;LXRalpha (PDB ID: 3IPS) and LXRbeta (PDB ID:&amp;nbsp;3L0E). One extra simulation of sorafenib on the LXRbeta&amp;#39;s AF-2 region (PDB ID: 1PQ6) was tested and is presented.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;\\n\\n&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;(trajectory format is&amp;nbsp;out.cms and the full trj files, Schr&amp;ouml;dinger, LLC, New York, NY, 2018, mor details on the extended methods of the publication)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
The Signal Transduction Protein PII Controls Ammonium, Nitrate and Urea Uptake in Cyanobacteria
2019-06-25

P<sub>II</sub> signal transduction proteins are widely spread among all domains of life where they regulate a multitude of carbon and nitrogen metabolism related processes. Non-diazotrophic cyanobacteria can utilize a high variety of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. In recent years, several physiological studies indicated an involvement of the cyanobacterial P<sub>II</sub> protein in regulation of ammonium, nitrate/nitrite, and cyanate uptake. However, direct interaction of P<sub>II</sub> has not been demonstrated so far. In this study, we used biochemical, molecular genetic and physiological approaches to demonstrate that P<sub>II</sub> regulates all relevant nitrogen uptake systems in <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. strain PCC 6803: P<sub>II</sub> controls ammonium uptake by interacting with the Amt1 ammonium permease, probably similar to the known regulation of <i>E. coli</i> ammonium permease AmtB by the P<sub>II</sub> homolog GlnK. We could further clarify that P<sub>II</sub> mediates the ammonium- and dark-induced inhibition of nitrate uptake by interacting with the NrtC and NrtD subunits of the nitrate/nitrite transporter NrtABCD. We further identified the ABC-type urea transporter UrtABCDE as novel P<sub>II</sub> target. P<sub>II</sub> interacts with the UrtE subunit without involving the standard interaction surface of P<sub>II</sub> interactions. The deregulation of urea uptake in a P<sub>II</sub> deletion mutant causes ammonium excretion when urea is provided as nitrogen source. Furthermore, the urea hydrolyzing urease enzyme complex appears to be coupled to urea uptake. Overall, this study underlines the great importance of the P<sub>II</sub> signal transduction protein in the regulation of nitrogen utilization in cyanobacteria.
Structure-Function Analysis of Immune Receptor AtRLP23 with Its Ligand nlp20 and Coreceptors AtSOBIR1 and AtBAK1
2019-06-25

Pattern-triggered immunity is an inherent feature of the plant immune system. Recognition of either microbe-derived surface structures (patterns) or of plant materials released due to the deleterious impact of microbial infection is brought about by plasma membrane pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs composed of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) ectodomains are thought to mediate sensing of proteinaceous patterns and to initiate signaling cascades culminating in the activation of generic plant defenses. In contrast to LRR receptor kinases, LRR receptor proteins (LRR-RPs) lack a cytoplasmic kinase domain for initiation of downstream signal transduction. LRR-RPs form heteromeric constitutive, ligand-independent complexes with coreceptor SOBIR1. Upon ligand binding to LRR-RPs, recruitment of coreceptor SERK3/BAK1 results in formation of a ternary PRR complex. Structure-function analysis of LRR-RP-type PRRs is missing. AtRLP23 constitutes an LRR-RP PRR that mediates recognition of a peptide motif (nlp20) found in numerous bacterial, fungal, and oomycete necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like proteins (NLPs). We here report the use of a series of AtRLP23 variants to decipher subdomains required for ligand binding and interaction with coreceptors AtSOBIR1 and AtBAK1, respectively. Deletion of LRR1 or LRR3 subdomains efficiently abrogated the ability of AtRLP23 receptor variants to confer nlp20 pattern sensitivity, to bind nlp20, and to recruit AtBAK1 into a ternary PRR complex. This suggests that the very N-terminal part of the AtRLP23 ectodomain is crucial for receptor function. Deletion of the intracellular 17-amino-acid tail of AtRLP23 reduced but did not abolish receptor function, suggesting an auxiliary role of this domain in receptor function. We further found that interaction of AtRLP23 and other LRR-RP-type PRRs with AtSOBIR1 does not require the AtRLP23 LRR ectodomain but is brought about by a GxxxG protein dimerization motif in the transmembrane domain and a stretch of negatively charged glutamic acid residues in the outer juxtamembrane domain of the receptor. Further, AtRLP23 levels were found to be unaltered in Atsobir1-1 mutant genotypes, suggesting that AtSOBIR1 does not act as a protein scaffold in stabilizing LRR-RP-type PRRs in Arabidopsis.
Characterization of Retinal Structure in ATF6-Associated Achromatopsia
2019-06-25

Our data demonstrate a near absence of cone structure in subjects harboring ATF6 mutations. This implicates ATF6 as having a major role in cone development and suggests that at least a subset of subjects with ATF6-ACHM have markedly fewer cellular targets for cone-directed gene therapies than do subjects with CNGA3- or CNGB3-ACHM.
Constraints on the emission region of 3C 279 during strong flares in 2014 and 2015 through VHE γ-ray observations with H.E.S.S.
2019-06-25

The flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 is known to exhibit pronounced variability in the high-energy (100 MeV &lt; E &lt; 100 GeV) γ -ray band, which is continuously monitored with Fermi -LAT. During two periods of high activity in April 2014 and June 2015 target-of-opportunity observations were undertaken with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in the very-high-energy (VHE, E &gt; 100 GeV) γ -ray domain. While the observation in 2014 provides an upper limit, the observation in 2015 results in a signal with 8.7 σ significance above an energy threshold of 66 GeV. No VHE variability was detected during the 2015 observations. The VHE photon spectrum is soft and described by a power-law index of 4.2 ± 0.3. The H.E.S.S. data along with a detailed and contemporaneous multiwavelength data set provide constraints on the physical parameters of the emission region. The minimum distance of the emission region from the central black hole was estimated using two plausible geometries of the broad-line region and three potential intrinsic spectra. The emission region is confidently placed at r ≳ 1.7 × 10 17 cm from the black hole, that is beyond the assumed distance of the broad-line region. Time-dependent leptonic and lepto-hadronic one-zone models were used to describe the evolution of the 2015 flare. Neither model can fully reproduce the observations, despite testing various parameter sets. Furthermore, the H.E.S.S. data were used to derive constraints on Lorentz invariance violation given the large redshift of 3C 279 .
Modification of photon trapping orbits as a diagnostic of non-Kerr spacetimes
2019-06-25

Photon circular orbits, an extreme case of light deflection, are among the\\nhallmarks of black holes and are known to play a central role in a variety of\\nphenomena related to these extreme objects. The very existence of such orbits\\nwhen motion is not confined in the equatorial plane, i.e. spherical orbits, is\\nindeed a special property of the separable Kerr metric and may not occur, for\\ninstance, in the spacetime of other more speculative ultracompact objects. In\\nthis paper we consider a general stationary-axisymmetric spacetime and examine\\nunder what circumstances spherical or more general, variable-radius,\\n`spheroidal' non-equatorial photon orbits may exist with the ultimate goal of\\nusing the modifications -- or even loss -- of photon trapping orbits as a\\ntelltale of non-Kerr physics. In addressing this issue, we first derive a\\ngeneral necessary condition for the existence of spherical/spheroidal orbits\\nand then go on to study photon trapping orbits in a variety of known non-Kerr\\nmetrics (Johannsen, Johanssen-Psaltis, and Hartle-Thorne). The first of these\\nis an example of a separable spacetime which supports Kerr-like spherical\\nphoton orbits. A more detailed analysis reveals a deeper connection between the\\npresence of spherical orbits and the separability of a metric (that is, the\\nexistence of a third integral of motion). Specifically, a spacetime that does\\nnot admit spherical orbits in any coordinates is necessarily non-separable. The\\nother two spacetimes considered here exhibit a clear non-Kerr behaviour by\\nhaving spherical photon orbits replaced by spheroidal ones. More importantly,\\nsubject to the degree of deviation from Kerr, equatorial photon rings give\\nplace to non-equatorial ones with an accompanying loss of low-inclination\\nspheroidal orbits. The implications of these results for the electromagnetic\\nand gravitational wave signature of non-Kerr objects are briefly discussed.\\n
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Origins traced to impaired balance between neural excitation and inhibition in the neonatal period
2019-06-25

ABSTRACT Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult onset disease but with an increasingly recognized preclinical prodrome. A wide spectrum of investigative approaches has identified loss of inhibitory function at the heart of ALS. In developing an explanation for the onset of ALS, it remains a consideration that ALS has its origins in neonatal derangement of the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic system, with delayed conversion from excitatory to mature inhibitory GABA and impaired excitation/inhibition balance. If this is so, the resulting chronic excitotoxicity could marginalize cortical network functioning very early in life, laying the path for neurodegeneration. The possibility that adult‐onset neurodegenerative conditions might have their roots in early developmental derangements is worthy of consideration, particularly in relation to current models of disease pathogenesis. Unraveling the very early molecular events will be crucial in developing a better understanding of ALS and other adult neurodegenerative disorders. Muscle Nerve , 2019