julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering in Wandzura-Wilczek-type approximation
2019-01-01

We present the complete cross-section for the production of unpolarized hadrons in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering up to power-suppressed O (1/ Q 2 ) terms in the Wandzura–Wilczek-type approximation which consists in systematically assuming that q̅gq –terms are much smaller than q̅q –correlators. We compute all twist-2 and twist-3 structure functions and the corresponding asymmetries, and discuss the applicability of the Wandzura–Wilczek-type approximations on the basis of available data. We make predictions that can be tested by data from Jefferson Lab, COMPASS, HERMES, and the future Electron-Ion Collider. The results of this paper can be readily used for phenomenology and for event generators, and will help to improve our understanding of the TMD theory beyond leading twist. For more details see [1] or slides of Anatoly Efremov talk at https://indico.jinr.ru/getFile.py/access?contribId=25&amp;sessionId=15&amp;resId=0&amp;materialId=slides&amp;confId=433 .
Rise of right-wing populism in the Europe of today – outlines of a socio- theoretical exploration
2019-01-01

Culture, Practice and Europeanization (CPE) is an open access peer reviewed platform for publishing research-based articles predominantly dealing with research into the multiplicity of social processes, interactions, and policies relating to Europeanization and international encounters in Europe. Perspectives may be interdisciplinary. Empirical, theoretical and conceptual texts of significant originality will be considered for publication. CPE publishes foremost full-length original articles, but will also consider original reviews, conference speeches, and notes in order to inform the research community of most recent developments. CPE welcomes contributions that seek to enhance understanding of social processes relating to internationalization and further trans-national activities and processes in Europe.
Sport pro = Twitter pro - How soccer stars use Twitter at the height of their career
2019-01-01

This paper examines the usage of Twitter by professional soccer clubs and players in the context of a major sporting event. The study focuses on the UEFA Champions League Final in 2013, which featured two German football clubs. Nearly 300 tweets were coded via eight variables (author, content, date, language, media, mood, person and team). The results reveal considerable differences between the levels of activity and the players' Twitter performance. The clubs accompanied the season highlight in a communicatively extensive manner, but use Twitter in a strongly event-related manner. Concerning the players' activity, a classification into five categories was possible, based upon their overall levels of Twitter use. Numerous differences between each athlete's usage of Twitter were observed.
Expansion of a Y-Shaped Antenna Array and Optimization of the Future Antenna Array in Malaysia for Astronomical Applications
2019-01-01

To achieve high quality images from the sky by extending an existing interferometric array, in this work, the Geometrical Method (GM), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Division Algorithm (DA) are compared. These methods are each applied independently to an interferometer array starting from the same initial conditions. Using the GM method, the spiral configuration is suggested as an optimum arrangement that provides the desired u-v coverage with low side lobe levels (SLLs). Using the GA method, as the number of generations is increased, the unsampled cells are reduced, enhancing the imaging quality. As such, the algorithm improves the overlapped samples as it works with a greater number of generations. Moreover, the GA is able to suppress the SLL. Finally, the DA is applied to such an array. Results show that the DA is able to process the sampled data with less overlapping of the data in the snapshot observations, in comparison to the other discussed configurations in this paper; effectively the DA reduces the overlapped samples, such that it is more efficient than the GA. The configuration of antennas that arrives by applying the DA method can achieve a certain image quality with less overlapping, as compared to the configuration arriving by applying the GA method. The calculated SLLs for the DA configuration are used to demonstrate that the efficiency of the DA is potentially better than that of the GA. Moreover, the GA and DA algorithms discussed in this study are applied to an array of 10 antennas with coordinates that represent the antennas deployed in Malaysia. Results show that the DA can reduce the overlapping of the samples more efficiently than the GA for a 6-hour tracking observation and in terms of unsampled cells the DA has the same efficiency of the GA.
Investigations into the effects of linker length elongation on the behaviour of calcium-responsive MRI probes
2019-01-01

The effects of subtle structural changes on the coordination behaviour and subsequent relaxometric properties of two novel calcium-responsive magnetic resonance imaging probes have been assessed<italic>via</italic>a range of physicochemical techniques.
Europawahl 2019: neue politische Konstellationen für die Wahlperiode 2019-2024
2019-01-01

This article argues that the results of the European elections 2019 differ considerably in the 28 member states of the European Union since they were primarily determined by factors within the respective national context: the priorities in the political discourse and the actual configuration of the party system. The article identifies new political constellations for the European Parliament (the formation and composition of party groups incl. the relative weight of national groups as well as the relations between party groups) and asks about their impact on the role of the European Parliament in the electoral period 2019-2024 and on the inter-institutional relations. The Spitzenkandidaten procedure serves as a first test case.
Faculty motivation as a key for integrating sustainable development in higher education curricula
2019-01-01

The systematic integration of sustainable development into Higher Education curricula remains a challenge for many universities. Among other barriers, faculty motivation to include sustainable development into their courses seems to be crucial. At the same time, empirical research regarding faculty motivation in the context of sustainable development is missing. On the basis of the motivational systems theory (MST), this paper aims to provide a literature review on faculty motivation and to empirically investigate faculty's motivation through opinions of 20 workshop participants and interviews with six faculty members. Results include faculty's motivators as well as obstacles to integrate sustainable development into their curricula. The research contributes to the theory of integrating sustainable development into Higher Education. From a practical viewpoint, it also provides insights into possible support measures for faculty.
TuEval at SemEval-2019 Task 5: LSTM Approach to Hate Speech Detection in English and Spanish
2019-01-01

The detection of hate speech, especially in online platforms and forums, is quickly becoming a hot topic as anti-hate speech legislation begins to be applied to public discourse online. The HatEval shared task was created with this in mind; participants were expected to develop a model capable of determining whether or not input (in this case, Twitter datasets in English and Spanish) could be considered hate speech (designated as Task A), if they were aggressive, and whether the tweet was targeting an individual, or speaking generally (Task B). We approached this task by creating an LSTM model with an embedding layer. We found that our model performed considerably better on English language input when compared to Spanish language input. In English, we achieved an F1-Score of 0.466 for Task A and 0.462 for Task B; In Spanish, we achieved scores of 0.617 and 0.612 on Task A and Task B, respectively.
Annotating Information Structure in Italian: Characteristics and Cross-Linguistic Applicability of a QUD-Based Approach
2019-01-01

We present a discourse annotation study, in which an annotation method based on Questions under Discussion (QuD) is applied to Italian data. The results of our inter-annotator agreement analysis show that the QUD-based approach, originally spelled out for English and German, can successfully be transferred cross-linguistically, supporting good agreement for the annotation of central information structure notions such as focus and non-at-issueness. Our annotation and interannotator agreement study on Italian authentic data confirms the cross-linguistic applicability of the QuD-based approach.
Learning Divisive Normalization in Primary Visual Cortex
2019-01-01

Divisive normalization (DN) has been suggested as a canonical computation implemented throughout the neocortex. In primary visual cortex (V1), DN was found to be crucial to explain nonlinear response properties of neurons when presented with superpositions of simple stimuli such as gratings. Based on such studies, it is currently assumed that neuronal responses to stimuli restricted to the neuron's classical receptive field (RF) are normalized by a non-specific pool of nearby neurons with similar RF locations. However, it is currently unknown how DN operates in V1 when processing natural inputs. Here, we investigated DN in monkey V1 under stimulation with natural images with an end-to-end trainable model that learns the pool of normalizing neurons and the magnitude of their contribution directly from the data. Taking advantage of our model's direct interpretable view of V1 computation, we found that oriented features were normalized preferentially by features with similar orientation preference rather than non-specifically. Our model's accuracy was competitive with state-of-the-art black-box models, suggesting that rectification, DN, and a combination of subunits resulting from DN are sufficient to account for V1 responses to localized stimuli. Thus, our work significantly advances our understanding of V1 function.
Cultural evolutionary psychology is still evolutionary psychology
2019-01-01

Abstract The cognitive gadgets theory proposes to reform evolutionary psychology by replacing the standard nativist and internalist approach to modularity with a cultural constructivist one. However, the resulting “cultural evolutionary psychology” still maintains some controversial aspects of the original neo-Darwinian paradigm. These assumptions are unnecessary to the cognitive gadgets theory and can be eliminated without significant conceptual loss.
Uniqueness of static phantom wormhole solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton equations
2019-01-01

We consider static traversable wormhole solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton equations with a phantom scalar field and a possible phantom electromagnetic field. For certain asymptotic values of the lapse function and the scalar field there is a unique solution. This solution is completely determined by its asymptotic charges – mass M+, scalar charge q+ and electric charge Q̃+. The proof is based on the positive energy theorem.
Machine Learning based Predictions of Subjective Refractive Errors of the Human Eye
2019-01-01

The aim of this research was to demonstrate the suitability of a data-driven approach to identify the subjective refraction. An artificial deep learning network with two hidden layers was trained to predict power vector refraction (M, J0 and J45) from 37 dimensional feature vectors (36 Zernike coefficients + pupil diameter) from a large database of 50,000 eyes. A smaller database of 460 eyes containing subjective and objective refraction from controlled experiment conditions was used to test for prediction power. analysis was performed, calculating the mean difference (eg ΔM) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) between predictions and subjective refraction. Using the machine learning approach, the accuracy (ΔM = +0.08D) and precision (CI for ΔM = ± 0.78D) for the prediction of refractive error corrections was comparable to a conventional metric (ΔM = +0.11D ± 0.89D) as well as the inter-examiner agreement between optometrists (ΔM = -0.05D ± 0.63D). To conclude, the proposed deep learning network for the prediction of refractive error corrections showed its suitability to reliably predict subjective power vectors of refraction from objective wavefront data.
Protecting patients who lack a voice
2019-01-01

Neither human young today nor future human generations nor non-human species have a voice in protecting the biosphere. Treves et al. propose courts and trustees for defending their interests. I describe an analogy with attempts to represent the interests of children and comatose patients in medicine.
Development of a modelling and simulation methodology for hierarchical energy system scenarios
2019-01-01

In the context of renewable energies, precise and reliable forecasts are necessary to ensure a sustainable and economic operation of energy systems.This paper presents a methodology and environment that allows modelling, simulation and analysis of decentralized and heterogeneous energy system scenarios on a virtual level.An essential requirement for the modelling and simulation of complex network scenarios is a capable abstraction strategy, which allows hierarchical clustering and interaction of several network levels.The approach presented in this contribution provides mechanisms that allow a realistic modelling of complex energy system scenarios covering several network levels, taking into account the specific components, interactions and relationships that exist at each level (e.g.specific electrical lines etc.).The simulation follows a hierarchical tree-based approach, which allows to integrate already existing simulation models into the environment and to generate only a small overhead over the simulation run time.As we can show, the developed environment not only serves as an excellent basis for analysis and optimization purposes but also for the application of artificial intelligence techniques, as it supports the effective generation of training data and verification of optimization results.
Newly discovered Middle Pleistocene hominid-bearing deposits from the Lower Awash basin, Ethiopia
2019-01-01

Recent paleoanthropological surveys conducted in the Lower Awash basin (Afar Rift) have led to the discovery of new localities. Here we announce and describe the latest addition to the roster of hominid-bearing research areas in this basin. Located east of the modern Awash River and west of the Megenta mountain ridge, localities in the new research area contain extensive clay and silty-sand deposits variably capped by a widespread sandstone layer rich in archaeology and vertebrate fossils. Some of the localities are associated with volcanic tuffs suitable for radioisotopic age determination. A Middle Pleistocene antiquity is strongly inferred from the sampled fauna and archaeology; precise age estimates await results from ongoing tephra geochronological and geochemical analyses. Much of the archaeology falls under the conventional category of late Acheulean; assemblages identifiable as ‘Middle’ and ‘Later Stone Age’ are documented in a few localities. The vertebrate fauna from the closely probed Acheulean and hominid-bearing localities indicates a relatively wooded, near-water habitat. The cranial and post-cranial fossil hominid (and faunal) remains from the new localities promise insights into the patterns of human evolution across the Middle Pleistocene, a period currently poorly understood. Similarly, the archaeological occurrences provide unique opportunities for testing outstanding hypotheses about the origin of nuanced technologies and behaviors across the later Middle Pleistocene.
Incremental $$\\lambda $$ -Calculus in Cache-Transfer Style
2019-01-01

Incremental computation requires propagating changes and reusing intermediate results of base computations. Derivatives, as produced by static differentiation [7], propagate changes but do not reuse intermediate results, leading to wasteful recomputation. As a solution, we introduce conversion to Cache-Transfer-Style, an additional program transformations producing purely incremental functional programs that create and maintain nested tuples of intermediate results. To prove CTS conversion correct, we extend the correctness proof of static differentiation from STLC to untyped -calculus via step-indexed logical relations, and prove sound the additional transformation via simulation theorems. To show ILC-based languages can improve performance relative to from-scratch recomputation, and that CTS conversion can extend its applicability, we perform an initial performance case study. We provide derivatives of primitives for operations on collections and incrementalize selected example programs using those primitives, confirming expected asymptotic speedups.
CACNA1C risk variant affects microstructural connectivity of the amygdala
2019-01-01

Deficits in perception of emotional prosody have been described in patients with affective disorders at behavioral and neural level. In the current study, we use an imaging genetics approach to examine the impact of CACNA1C, one of the most promising genetic risk factors for psychiatric disorders, on prosody processing on a behavioral, functional and microstructural level. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) we examined key areas involved in prosody processing, i.e. the amygdala and voice areas, in a healthy population. We found stronger activation to emotional than neutral prosody in the voice areas and the amygdala, but CACNA1C rs1006737 genotype had no influence on fMRI activity. However, significant microstructural differences (i.e. mean diffusivity) between CACNA1C rs1006737 risk allele carriers and non carriers were found in the amygdala, but not the voice areas. These modifications in brain architecture associated with CACNA1C might reflect a neurobiological marker predisposing to affective disorders and concomitant alterations in emotion perception.
ProblemSolver at SemEval-2019 Task 10: Sequence-to-Sequence Learning and Expression Trees
2019-01-01

This paper describes our participation in SemEval-2019 shared task “Math Question Answering”, where the aim is to create a program that could solve the Math SAT questions automatically as accurately as possible. We went with a dual-pronged approach, building a Sequence-to-Sequence Neural Network pre-trained with augmented data that could answer all categories of questions and a Tree system, which can only answer a certain type of questions. The systems did not perform well on the entire test data given in the task, but did decently on the questions they were actually capable of answering. The Sequence-to-Sequence Neural Network model managed to get slightly better than our baseline of guessing “A” for every question, while the Tree system additionally improved the results.
Intrinsic Josephson Junctions in High Temperature Superconductors
2019-01-01

Cuprate superconductors have a layered crystal structure consisting of some nearby sheets which are separated from the next group of sheets by blocking layers. Cooper pairs form in the sheets. For the most anisotropic compounds such as current-flow across the blocking layer occurs via tunneling. The interlayer supercurrent is of the Josephson type and, thus, a single crystal forms a natural stack of Josephson junctions. Intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) have been investigated for more than two decades. The research, on the one hand, provided information about many details of the interlayer transport of Josephson-coupled layered superconductors and, on the other hand, showed that IJJ stacks can be used to probe the layered superconductor "from inside", or to generate electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz regime. This chapter introduces into the physics of IJJs and reviews part of the research achievements, including fabrication methods, theoretical and experimental results on Josephson vortexJosephson vortices dynamics, interlayer tunneling spectroscopy, and the generation of terahertz radiation.
Collaborative Spenser? Reading the “Spenser-Harvey Letters”
2019-01-01

The so-called "Spenser-Harvey letters" (1580) are generally studied only for the biographical and bibliographical information they contain, though they are an unreliable source for both. This article proposes that instead of being treated as a corrupted version of Spenser's personal correspondence with Harvey that found its way into print, the letters should be read as a collaboratively authored literary work that aims to give its readers a glimpse of the fictionalized (or fictional) collaborative relationship between two authors called "G.H." and "Immerito." The pseudonym "Immerito" in particular is highlighted in the book, suggesting that one of its goals was to supplement The Shepheardes Calender (which was due to be reprinted for the first time) and generate further interest in its author.
Prediction of response to endobronchial coiling based on morphologic emphysema characterization of the lung lobe to be treated and the ipsilateral non-treated lobe as well as on functional computed tomography-data: correlation with clinical and pulmonary function
2019-01-01

The emphysema-phenotype in the targeted and non-targeted ipsilateral lobe has no impact on the outcome of endobronchial coiling for LVR and also does not change significantly after treatment, whereas the volume of the treated lobe significantly decreases in responders.
A spectral decomposition for a simple mutation model
2019-01-01

We consider a population of individuals. Each individual has a type belonging to some at most countable type space . At each time step each individual of type mutates to type independently of the other individuals with probability . It is shown that the associated empirical measure process is Markovian. For the two-type case we derive an explicit spectral decomposition for the transition matrix of the Markov chain , where denotes the number of individuals of type at time . The result in particular shows that has eigenvalues , . Applications to mean first passage times are provided.
Peptide Feeding and Mechanical Wounding for Tomato Seedlings
2019-01-01

Plants need to respond appropriately to wounding and herbivorous insects. Peptide signals have been implicated in local and systemic induction of appropriate plant defense responses. To study these peptide signals and their perception in host plants, it is important to have reproducible bioassays. Several assays, such as treatment of peptide solution via pressure infiltration, have been developed. Here, we provide detailed protocols for peptide feeding and mechanical wounding for tomato seedlings. To directly introduce peptides into tomato seedlings, peptide solution is fed through the excised stem via the transpiration stream. To mimic the wounding caused by insect feeding, leaflets of tomato seedlings are mechanically damaged with a hemostat; and wounded and systemic unwounded leaves are harvested and analyzed separately. Samples from both assays may be further assessed by examining the transcript level of marker genes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).