julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Rediscovery of the transcerebellar approach: improving the risk-benefit ratio in robot-assisted brainstem biopsies
2022-01-01

OBJECTIVE Conventional frame-based stereotaxy through a transfrontal approach (TFA) is the gold standard in brainstem biopsies. Because of the high surgical morbidity and limited impact on therapy, brainstem biopsies are controversial. The introduction of robot-assisted stereotaxy potentially improves the risk-benefit ratio by simplifying a transcerebellar approach (TCA). The aim of this single-center cohort study was to evaluate the risk-benefit ratio of transcerebellar brainstem biopsies performed by 2 different robotic systems. In addition to standard quality indicators, a special focus was set on trajectory selection for reducing surgical morbidity. METHODS This study included 25 pediatric (n = 7) and adult (n = 18) patients who underwent 26 robot-assisted biopsies via a TCA. The diagnostic yield, complication rate, trajectory characteristics (i.e., length, anatomical entry, and target-point location), and skin-to-skin (STS) time were evaluated. Transcerebellar and hypothetical transfrontal trajectories were reconstructed and transferred into a common MR space for further comparison with anatomical atlases. RESULTS Robot-assisted, transcerebellar biopsies demonstrated a high diagnostic yield (96.2%) while exerting no surgical mortality and no permanent morbidity in both pediatric and adult patients. Only 3.8% of cases involved a transient neurological deterioration. Transcerebellar trajectories had a length of 48.4 ± 7.3 mm using a wide stereotactic corridor via crus I or II of the cerebellum and the middle cerebellar peduncle. The mean STS time was 49.5 ± 23.7 minutes and differed significantly between the robotic systems (p = 0.017). The TFA was characterized by longer trajectories (107.4 ± 11.8 mm, p &lt; 0.001) and affected multiple eloquent structures. Transfrontal target points were located significantly more medial (−3.4 ± 7.2 mm, p = 0.042) and anterior (−3.9 ± 8.4 mm, p = 0.048) in comparison with the transcerebellar trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Robot-assisted, transcerebellar stereotaxy can improve the risk-benefit ratio of brainstem biopsies by avoiding the restrictions of a TFA and conventional frame-based stereotaxy. Profound registration and anatomical-functional trajectory selection were essential to reduce mortality and morbidity.
Mechanics of migrating platelets investigated with scanning ion conductance microscopy
2022-01-01

Time-lapse scanning ion conductance microscopy reveals that migrating platelets exhibit a three-dimensional polarized shape and a characteristic subcellular stiffness distribution with rapid stiffening and softening dynamics in the leading edge.
Investigation on visible light-driven antimicrobial and mechanistic activity of GO/TiO2(V–N) nanocomposite against wound pathogens
2022-01-01

GO/TiO 2 (V–N) is fabricated as a visible light driven efficient antimicrobial material. In the presence of light, GO/TiO 2 (V–N) was employed as a photocatalytic active material against wound pathogens.
Kinetic stabilization allows structural analysis of a benzoborirene
2022-01-01

The successful synthesis and first structural characterization by single crystal X-ray crystallography of a highly strained benzoborirene motif, as well as its reactivity towards selected electrophiles and nucleophiles are reported.
Preserving the stoichiometry of triple-cation perovskites by carrier-gas-free antisolvent spraying
2022-01-01

The method of antisolvent application used during the fabrication of solution-processed lead halide perovskite layers influences their microstructure, stoichiometry and consequently, their photovoltaic performance.
The Significance of Relationality in “Doing Transitions”
2022-01-01

Abstract It is common to interpret transitions as individual experiences that are largely the result of personal choices and behaviors or that are being worked out through individual processes. A foundational tenet of a Doing Transitions framework is that transitions are shaped and produced through social practices and are therefore not individual but relational – constantly co-produced or shared with, conditioned by, or otherwise involving multiple others. As such, a Doing Transitions framework makes visible the ways in which social interactions and processes create or reify individual and group differences, including how transition processes and outcomes are entangled in dynamics of power and empowerment, inequalities, politics and the welfare state. Instead of being seen as fixed entities, transitions are viewed as processual, dynamic, situated, and interwoven. This chapter makes an innovative contribution to the literature by systematizing this shift in observing and analyzing transitions. It recalls some core aspects of the theoretical turn offered by relational approaches and, against this backdrop, offers five distinct patterns of relationality and draws upon chapters of this book to illustrate how the science and practice of transitions can be advanced by leveraging these patterns of relationality.
Spotlight on the Left Frontal Cortex: No Evidence for Response Inhibition from Cathodal High-Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus or Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
2022-01-01

Abstract Inhibitory control functions draw on a fronto-basal network with central cortical hubs at the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the pre-SMA. However, few neuropsychological studies investigated the role of brain regions in the left frontal cortex and some previous evidence from bilateral studies remained inconclusive. This study presents a systematic investigation with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD tDCS) in a focal 4 × 1 configuration, which was used to target the left IFG or the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with 1-mA active or sham cathodal HD tDCS. Healthy participants were randomized into three groups. We analyzed performance in an adaptive stop-signal task to quantify inhibitory control before (baseline), during cathodal HD tDCS (on-line), and after cathodal HD tDCS (off-line) to either left IFG, left DLPFC, or sham. Results from 67 participants and Bayesian analyses indicated moderate evidence against an effect of cathodal tDCS (left DLPFC and left IFG compared with sham) regardless of timing, that is, on-line or off-line cathodal HD tDCS. The study results are examined in view of previous neuropsychological and neurostimulation studies with bilateral and unilateral cathodal tDCS in healthy and patient samples. Theoretically, our results are compatible with a right-lateralization of response inhibition functions and suggest a negligible role of the left frontal hemisphere in healthy participants, but more stimulation parameters can be still explored in the left hemisphere. In line with previous studies, right inferior frontal gyrus seems a more promising target to investigate or alleviate response inhibition with tDCS.
Auger electron spectroscopy of fulminic acid, HCNO: an experimental and theoretical study
2022-01-01

Experimental Auger electron spectra of C, N, and O 1s ionized and excited HCNO are compared with theoretical counterparts. A simple minimal-basis LCAO approach provides reliable estimates for the significantly different Auger transition rates.
Resection of dominant fusiform gyrus is associated with decline of naming function when temporal lobe epilepsy manifests after the age of five: A voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping study
2022-01-01

Resections in the posterior part of the dominant fusiform and inferior temporal gyrus was associated with a risk of deterioration in naming performance at six months after surgery in patients with epilepsy onset after 5 years of age but not with earlier epilepsy onset.
Adiabatic theorem in the thermodynamic limit: Systems with a uniform gap
2022-01-01

We show that recent results on adiabatic theory for interacting gapped many-body systems on finite lattices remain valid in the thermodynamic limit. More precisely, we prove a generalized super-adiabatic theorem for the automorphism group describing the infinite volume dynamics on the quasi-local algebra of observables. The key assumption is the existence of a sequence of gapped finite volume Hamiltonians, which generates the same infinite volume dynamics in the thermodynamic limit. Our adiabatic theorem also holds for certain perturbations of gapped ground states that close the spectral gap (so it is also an adiabatic theorem for resonances and, in this sense, “generalized”), and it provides an adiabatic approximation to all orders in the adiabatic parameter (a property often called “super-adiabatic”). In addition to the existing results for finite lattices, we also perform a resummation of the adiabatic expansion and allow for observables that are not strictly local. Finally, as an application, we prove the validity of linear and higher order response theory for our class of perturbations for infinite systems. While we consider the result and its proof as new and interesting in itself, we also lay the foundation for the proof of an adiabatic theorem for systems with a gap only in the bulk, which will be presented in a follow-up article.
Exploring a prolonged enterovirus C104 infection in a severely ill patient using nanopore sequencing
2022-01-01

Abstract Chronic enterovirus infections can cause significant morbidity, particularly in immunocompromised patients. This study describes a fatal case associated with a chronic untypeable enterovirus infection in an immunocompromised patient admitted to a Dutch university hospital over nine months. We aimed to identify the enterovirus genotype responsible for the infection and to determine potential evolutionary changes. Long-read sequencing was performed using viral targeted sequence capture on four respiratory and one faecal sample. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using a maximum likelihood method, along with a root-to-tip regression and time-scaled phylogenetic analysis to estimate evolutionary changes between sample dates. Intra-host variant detection, using a Fixed Ploidy algorithm, and selection pressure, using a Fixed Effect Likelihood and a Mixed Effects Model of Evolution, were also used to explore the patient samples. Near-complete genomes of enterovirus C104 (EV-C104) were recovered in all respiratory samples but not in the faecal sample. The recovered genomes clustered with a recently reported EV-C104 from Belgium in August 2018. Phylodynamic analysis including ten available EV-C104 genomes, along with the patient sequences, estimated the most recent common ancestor to occur in the middle of 2005 with an overall estimated evolution rate of 2.97 × 10−3 substitutions per year. Although positive selection pressure was identified in the EV-C104 reference sequences, the genomes recovered from the patient samples alone showed an overall negative selection pressure in multiple codon sites along the genome. A chronic infection resulting in respiratory failure from a relatively rare enterovirus was observed in a transplant recipient. We observed an increase in single-nucleotide variations between sample dates from a rapidly declining patient, suggesting mutations are weakly deleterious and have not been purged during selection. This is further supported by the persistence of EV-C104 in the patient, despite the clearance of other viral infections. Next-generation sequencing with viral enrichment could be used to detect and characterise challenging samples when conventional workflows are insufficient.
Hydridotetrylene [Ar*EH] (E = Ge, Sn, Pb) coordination at tantalum, tungsten, and zirconium
2022-01-01

Low valent cations of tin and lead were used to form hydridotetrylene coordination compounds. The mobility of the hydrogen substituent was investigated in deprotonation equilibria as well as in 1,2-H-shift reactions.
Parametrizable exercise generation from authentic texts: Effectively targeting the language means on the curriculum
2022-01-01

We present a parametrizable approach to exercise generation from authentic texts that addresses the need for digital materials designed to practice the language means on the curriculum in a real-life school setting. The tool builds on a language-aware searchengine that helps identify attractive texts rich in the language means to be practiced. Making use of state-of-the-art NLP, the relevant learning targets are identified and transformed intoexercise items embedded in the original context.While the language-aware search engine ensures that these contexts match the learner‘s interests based on the search term used, and the linguistic parametrization of the system then reranks the results to prioritize texts that richly represent the learning targets, for theexercise generation to proceed on this basis, an interactive configuration panel allows users to adjust exercise complexity through a range of parameters specifying both properties of thesource sentences and of the exercises.An evaluation of exercises generated from web documents for a representative sample of language means selected from the English curriculum of 7th grade in German secondary school showed that the ombination of language-aware search and exercise generationsuccessfully facilitates the process of generating exercises from authentic texts that support practice of the pedagogical targets.
Tackling corruption in the health sector
2022-01-01

Corruption in the health sector is unique because it includes abuse by public officials and unscrupulous behavior by other actors (drug manufacturers, health professionals, patients, etc.). The urgency of solving the scientific problem lies in the fact that financial relations in the medical field arise between a wide range of persons who can act as initiators of corruption decisions and/or their executors. The study’s main goal is to analyze the forms of corruption in the healthcare system and their consequences for society, as well as to assess the degree of interrelationship between the level of corruption and indicators of financial support in the healthcare sector. The methods of structural and comparative bibliometric analysis and correlation analysis became the methodical tools of the conducted research. The object of research is 140 countries in the world. The conducted bibliometric analysis testified to the permanent growth of the study of the issue of corruption in medicine in the scientific environment. Scientists from the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany have implemented the largest number of works on a certain topic. The conducted correlation analysis also empirically confirmed that an increase in the level of corruption in the country leads to an increase in the share of household expenses for financing their own medical needs. The article founds that the population in countries with a low level of corruption (the corruption promotion index is closer to 100) has a higher level of provision of vital medical services (reproductive health, health of women, newborns, and children, infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases and opportunities provision of services and access to them). Countries with a high level of anti-corruption and coverage of medical services include Finland, Sweden, Germany, and Great Britain. The results of the research can be useful for state regulatory bodies, specialized organizations in the field of health care, as well as public organizations.
The interfacial structure of InP(100) in contact with HCl and H2SO4 studied by reflection anisotropy spectroscopy
2022-01-01

Electrochemical reflection anisotropy spectroscopy reveals the reversible re-structuring of InP surfaces in contact with low-concentration electrolytes upon applied potentials, while higher concentrations induce non-reversibility.
Natural Course of Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study
2022-01-01

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of OCT characteristics on the natural course of optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M). Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, observational case series. Patients with ODP-M were included in the study. Baseline demographic characteristics, central macular thickness (CMT), IPP, subretinal fluid (SRF), subretinal precipitations, outer retinal fluid (ORF), and outer retinal layer hole were evaluated. The changes in the OCT characteristics were analyzed with respect to the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to the last visit. Results: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients were evaluated with a mean follow-up time of 37.6 (median 22) months. The mean BCVA was 0.31 logMAR at baseline and 0.28 logMAR at the final visit (p = 0.521). Baseline BCVA was significantly related to CMT (β coefficient 0.001, p = 0.002). Mean BCVA increased in 7 patients (group 1), remained stable in nine (group 2), and decreased (group 3) in 6 patients. No significant difference was found between the groups regarding the baseline BCVA, CMT, and extent of retinal fluid. In patients with subretinal deposits, BCVA remained stable in 3 patients and worsened in one. ORF was recorded in all patients. In patients with SRF, the mean change of BCVA during follow-up differed significantly, depending on the presence (0.07 logMAR) or absence (−0.125 logMAR) of SRF (p = 0.019). Conclusion: Among the OCT characteristics, SRF was a negative prognostic factor in ODP-M. Most ODP-M patients showed improved or stable vision over 3 years of follow-up. Therefore, observation may be considered in patients with reasonable vision and without SRF even when they present with remarkable OCT findings.
Meaning and Use in the Expression of Estimative Probability
2022-01-01

Abstract Words of estimative probability (WEPs), such as ‘possible’ and ‘a good chance’, provide an efficient means for expressing probability under uncertainty. Current semantic theories assume that WEPs denote crisp thresholds on the probability scale, but experimental data indicate that their use is characterised by gradience and focality. Here, we implement and compare computational models of the use of WEPs to explain novel production data. We find that, among models incorporating cognitive limitations and assumptions about goal-directed speech, a model that implements a threshold-based semantics explains the data equally well as a model that semantically encodes patterns of gradience and focality. We further validate the model by distinguishing between participants with more or fewer autistic traits, as measured with the Autism Spectrum Quotient test. These traits include communicative difficulties. We show that these difficulties are reflected in the rationality parameter of the model, which modulates the probability that the speaker selects the pragmatically optimal message.
Exposure of primary osteoblasts to combined magnetic and electric fields induced spatiotemporal endochondral ossification characteristic gene‐ and protein expression profiles
2022-01-01

Abstract Purpose Molecular processes in primary osteoblasts were analyzed in response to magnetic and electric field exposure to examine its potential impact on bone healing. Methods Primary osteoblasts were exposed to a combination of a magnetic field and an additional electric field (EFMF) (20 Hz, 700 mV, 5 mT, continuous sinusoids) in vitro. mRNA‐ and protein‐expressions were assessed during a time interval of 21 days and compared with expression data obtained from control osteoblasts. Results We observed an autonomous osteoblast differentiation process in vitro under the chosen cultivation conditions. The initial proliferative phase was characterized by a constitutively high mRNA expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Concurrent EFMF exposure resulted in significanly increased cell proliferation (fold change: 1.25) and reduced mRNA‐expressions of matrix components (0.5–0.75). The following reorganization of the extracellular matrix is prerequisite for matrix mineralization and is characterised by increased Ca 2+ deposition (1.44). On molecular level EFMF exposure led to a significant decreased thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) mRNA‐ (0.81) and protein‐ (0.54) expression, which in turn reduced the TGFß1‐dependent mRNA‐ (0.68) and protein‐ (0.5) expression of transforming growth factor beta induced (ßIG‐H3) significantly, an inhibitor of endochondral ossification. Consequently, EFMF exposure stimulated the expression of genes characteristic for endochondral ossification, such as collagen type 10, A1 (1.50), osteopontin (1.50) and acellular communication network factor 3 (NOV) (1.45). Conclusions In vitro exposure of osteoblasts to EFMF supports cell differentiation and induces gene‐ and protein‐expression patterns characteristic for endochondral ossification during bone fracture healing in vivo.
When You Are Wrong on Facebook, Just Admit It
2022-01-01

Abstract. Intellectually humble behavior, like admitting when you are wrong, leads to better impression formation. However, online social networks (OSNs) have changed the impression formation process. We investigated the impact of wrongness admission on impression formation during an OSN argument. In four experiments ( N = 679), participants witnessed a user engage in wrongness admission, refuse to admit, or not respond, in an argument on a Facebook wall. Participants reported their impressions of whether they would be willing to interact with the (non)admitting user. User reputation ratings and interaction intentions were higher in the admission (vs. nonadmission) condition. The latter effect was mediated by user reputation ratings. Wrongness admission appears to have a positive impact on impression formation on OSNs.
Towards Spatial Reflexivity: Knowledge and Perspectives on (the Teaching of) Competences to use Geomedia Maturely
2022-01-01

Reflection and reflexivity are key concepts in geomedia education. Reflexive geomedia competences (such as reflection on basic technical concepts and spatial constructions, reflexivity in appropriation of space and towards one’s own learning processes, as well as general reflexive competences) enable learners to gain deeper insights into geographical issues and more mature participation in everyday spatial decision making. The pedagogical target of teaching reflection and reflexivity requires teachers who have the professional training to do so. However, little research has been done on university lecturers’ knowledge of and perspectives on spatial reflexivity. This contribution therefore develops a competence model of spatial reflexivity, and empirically explores teachers' starting points for teaching reflexivity. It does so by analysing 17 in-depth qualitative interviews with German university teachers and teacher trainers.
Items from Psychometric Tests as Training Data for Personality Profiling Models of Twitter Users
2022-01-01

Machine-learned models for author profiling in social media often rely on data acquired via self-reporting-based psychometric tests (questionnaires) filled out by social media users. This is an expensive but accurate data collection strategy. Another, less costly alternative, which leads to potentially more noisy and biased data, is to rely on labels inferred from publicly available information in the profiles of the users, for instance self-reported diagnoses or test results. In this paper, we explore a third strategy, namely to directly use a corpus of items from validated psychometric tests as training data. Items from psychometric tests often consist of sentences from an I-perspective (e.g., ‘I make friends easily.’). Such corpora of test items constitute ‘small data’, but their availability for many concepts is a rich resource. We investigate this approach for personality profiling, and evaluate BERT classifiers fine-tuned on such psychometric test items for the big five personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism) and analyze various augmentation strategies regarding their potential to address the challenges coming with such a small corpus. Our evaluation on a publicly available Twitter corpus shows a comparable performance to in-domain training for 4/5 personality traits with T5-based data augmentation.