julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Short-term Pasteurization of Breast Milk to Prevent Postnatal Cytomegalovirus Transmission in Very Preterm Infants
2018-11-06

Abstract Background Postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus (pCMV) infection through breast milk (BM) may cause severe illness and even death, yet BM is advantageous for preterm infants. Therefore, effective methods to prevent CMV transmission are needed. Methods To assess the effectiveness of short-term pasteurization (62°C for 5 seconds) in preventing CMV transmission via BM in preterm infants. Design: Prospective interventional bicentric cohort study with infant enrollment between 6/2010 and 1/2012. A cohort from the Tuebingen neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from 1995–1998 served as historical controls. Differences in CMV transmission were compared with reference to the cumulative time at risk for CMV transmission. Setting: Two German level-3 NICUs. Eighty-seven preterm infants of 69 CMV immunoglobulin G-positive mothers with birth weight &lt;1500 g or gestational age &lt;32 weeks and 83 historical controls were included. Intervention: BM samples were short-term pasteurized from postnatal day 4 to discharge. Primary endpoint: CMV status at discharge, evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and short-term microculture from urine. Results Two of 87 (2.3%) study infants had a pCMV transmission. This compared to 17 of 83 (20.5%) controls. Total time under risk for infection was 9.6 years vs 10.0 years in controls, yielding an incidence of 0.21/year (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03 to 0.75/year) vs 1.70/year (95% CI, 0.99 to 2.72/year), respectively. The risk ratio controls vs study infants was 8.3 (95% CI, 2.4 to 52.4) according to Cox proportional hazard model (P = .0003). Conclusions Short-term pasteurization significantly reduces the incidence of pCMV infection through BM in the NICU. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01178905.
CREBBP gene mutations are frequently detected in in situ follicular neoplasia
2018-11-06

TO THE EDITOR: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is characterized by the t(14;18)(q32;q21) chromosomal translocation,[1][1] found in ∼85% of manifest FL (mFL) cases. The t(14;18) is also present in early precursor lesions of FL and in a significant fraction of healthy individuals.[2][2],[3][3] This
Guidelines for tuning the macropore structure of monolithic columns for high‐performance liquid chromatography
2018-11-06

Abstract The ability to control the external porosity and to tune the dimensions of the macropore size on multiple length scales provides the possibility of tailoring the monolithic support structure towards separation performance. This paper discusses the properties of conventional polymer–monolithic stationary phases and its limitations regarding the effects of morphology on kinetic performance. Furthermore, guidelines to improve the macropore structure are discussed. The optimal monolithic macropore structure is characterized by high external porosity (while maintaining ultra‐high‐pressure stability), high structure homogeneity, polymer globule clusters in the submicron range, and macropores with a diameter tuned toward speed (small diameter in the 100–500 nm range using short beds) or efficiency (larger macropores in the range of 500 nm–1 μm allowing the use of longer column formats). Finally, promising approaches to control the morphology are discussed.
Real-Space Probing of the Local Magnetic Response of Thin-Film Superconductors Using Single Spin Magnetometry
2018-11-06

We report on direct, real-space imaging of the stray magnetic field above a micro-scale disc of a thin film of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) using scanning single spin magnetometry. Our experiments yield a direct measurement of the sample’s London penetration depth and allow for a quantitative reconstruction of the supercurrents flowing in the sample as a result of Meissner screening. These results show the potential of scanning single spin magnetometry for studies of the nanoscale magnetic properties of thin-film superconductors, which could be readily extended to elevated temperatures or magnetic fields.
Kinetics of Ion-Exchange Reactions in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Thin Films Studied by In Situ Real-Time X-ray Scattering
2018-11-07

The exchange of ions in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites with the general formula APbX<sub>3</sub> (A = MA, FA; X = I, Cl, Br) is studied in five different systems using in situ real-time grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXD). In systems where the organic cation is exchanged, we find a continuous shift of the lattice parameter. The relative shift compared to the pure materials is used to quantify the exchange. Whether or not a conversion is possible, as well as the amount of exchanged cations, depends on the halide used. In the case of the interconversion of MAPbI<sub>3</sub> and MAPbCl<sub>3</sub>, we observe a decay of the diffraction peaks of the original perovskite and the emergence of new peaks corresponding to the structure with the alternative halide. Moreover, we determined the relevant time scales of the growth and decay of the perovskite structures.
Super-Eddington accretion of dusty gas onto seed black holes: metallicity-dependent efficiency of mass growth
2018-11-07

The super-Eddington accretion onto intermediate seed BHs is a potential\\nformation mode of supermassive black holes exceeding in the\\nearly universe. We here investigate how such rapid accretion may occur with\\nfinite amounts of heavy elements contained in the gas and dust. In our 1D\\nradiation-hydrodynamics simulations, the radiative transfer is solved for both\\nthe direct UV lights emitted by an accretion disk and the diffuse IR lights\\nthermally emitted by dust grains. Our results show that the radiative force by\\nthe IR lights causes a strong feedback to regulate the mass accretion. The\\nresulting mean accretion rate is lower with the higher metallicity, and there\\nis the critical metallicity , above which the\\nsuper-Eddington accretion is prevented by the radiation pressure of the IR\\nlights. With this taken into account, we examine if the dusty super-Eddington\\naccretion occurs in young galaxies using a simple model. We show that a\\nsufficient number of galaxies at can be such potential sites if\\nBHs accrete the cold dense gas with K, approximately the thermal\\nequilibrium value at . We argue that the efficiency of the\\nBH growth via the rapid accretion depends on the metallicity, and that the\\nmetallicity slightly lower than provides a chance for the\\nmost efficient growth.\\n
Solar Neutrinos Spectroscopy with Borexino Phase-II
2018-11-07

Solar neutrinos have played a central role in the discovery of the neutrino oscillation mechanism. They still are proving to be a unique tool to help investigate the fusion reactions that power stars and further probe basic neutrino properties. The Borexino neutrino observatory has been operationally acquiring data at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy since 2007. Its main goal is the real-time study of low energy neutrinos (solar or originated elsewhere, such as geo-neutrinos). The latest analysis of experimental data, taken during the so-called Borexino Phase-II (2011-present), will be showcased in this talk—yielding new high-precision, simultaneous wide band flux measurements of the four main solar neutrino components belonging to the “pp” fusion chain (pp, pep, 7 Be, 8 B), as well as upper limits on the remaining two solar neutrino fluxes (CNO and hep).
Early human dispersals within the Americas
2018-11-08

Complex processes in the settling of the Americas The expansion into the Americas by the ancestors of present day Native Americans has been difficult to tease apart from analyses of present day populations. To understand how humans diverged and spread across North and South America, Moreno-Mayar et al. sequenced 15 ancient human genomes from Alaska to Patagonia. Analysis of the oldest genomes suggests that there was an early split within Beringian populations, giving rise to the Northern and Southern lineages. Because population history cannot be explained by simple models or patterns of dispersal, it seems that people moved out of Beringia and across the continents in a complex manner. Science , this issue p. eaav2621
TGR5 Activation Promotes Stimulus-Secretion Coupling of Pancreatic β-Cells via a PKA-Dependent Pathway
2018-11-08

The Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5 (TGR5) mediates physiological actions of bile acids. Since it was shown that TGR5 is expressed in pancreatic tissue, a direct TGR5 activation in β-cells is currently postulated and discussed. The current study reveals that oleanolic acid (OLA) affects murine β-cell function by TGR5 activation. Both a Gαs inhibitor and an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase (AC) prevented stimulating effects of OLA. Accordingly, OLA augmented the intracellular cAMP concentration. OLA and two well-established TGR5 agonists, RG239 and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), acutely promoted stimulus-secretion coupling (SSC). OLA reduced KATP current and elevated current through Ca2+ channels. Accordingly, in mouse and human β-cells, TGR5 ligands increased the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration by stimulating Ca2+ influx. Higher OLA concentrations evoked a dual reaction, probably due to activation of a counterregulating pathway. Protein kinase A (PKA) was identified as a downstream target of TGR5 activation. In contrast, inhibition of phospholipase C and phosphoinositide 3-kinase did not prevent stimulating effects of OLA. Involvement of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 (Epac2) or farnesoid X receptor (FXR2) was ruled out by experiments with knockout mice. The proposed pathway was not influenced by local glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion from α-cells, shown by experiments with MIN6 cells, and a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. In summary, these data clearly demonstrate that activation of TGR5 in β-cells stimulates insulin secretion via an AC/cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway, which is supposed to interfere with SSC by affecting KATP and Ca2+ currents and thus membrane potential.
Long-term use of a neural prosthesis in progressive paralysis
2018-11-08

Abstract Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) enable communication with others and allow machines or computers to be controlled in the absence of motor activity. Clinical studies evaluating neural prostheses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients have been performed; however, to date, no study has reported that ALS patients who progressed from locked-in syndrome (LIS), which has very limited voluntary movement, to a completely locked-in state (CLIS), characterized by complete loss of voluntary movements, were able to continue controlling neural prostheses. To clarify this, we used a BCI system to evaluate three late-stage ALS patients over 27 months. We employed steady-state visual evoked brain potentials elicited by flickering green and blue light-emitting diodes to control the BCI system. All participants reliably controlled the system throughout the entire period (median accuracy: 83.3%). One patient who progressed to CLIS was able to continue operating the system with high accuracy. Furthermore, this patient successfully used the system to respond to yes/no questions. Thus, this CLIS patient was able to operate a neuroprosthetic device, suggesting that the BCI system confers advantages for patients with severe paralysis, including those exhibiting complete loss of muscle movement.
School or Work? The Choice May Change Your Personality
2018-11-08

According to the social-investment principle, entering new environments is associated with new social roles that influence people’s behaviors. In this study, we examined whether young adults’ personality development is differentially related to their choice of either an academic or a vocational pathway (i.e., entering an academic-track school or beginning vocational training). The personality constructs of interest were Big Five personality traits and vocational-interest orientations. We used a longitudinal study design and propensity-score matching to create comparable groups before they entered one of the pathways and then tested the differences between these groups 6 years later. We expected the vocational pathway to reinforce more mature behavior and curtail investigative interest. Results indicated that choosing the vocational compared with the academic pathway was associated with higher conscientiousness and less interest in investigative, social, and enterprising activities.
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate and Ceric Ammonium Chloride as Precursors for Ceric Siloxides: Ammonia and Ammonium Inclusion
2018-11-08

Treatment of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) with sodium tris( tert‐ butoxy)siloxide in THF afforded crystalline complexes [Ce{OSi(O t Bu) 3 } 3 (NO 3 )(NH 3 ) 2 (THF)] and [Ce{OSi(O t Bu) 3 } 4 (NH 3 ) 2 ] featuring strong ammonia coordination. Conducting the CAN/NaOSi(O t Bu) 3 (1:4) reaction in acetonitrile gave ceric ate complex [Ce{OSi(O t Bu) 3 } 3 (NO 3 ) 2 (NH 4 )(NCCH 3 )] where the ammonium cation is embedded in the siloxy ligand sphere via hydrogen bonding. Salt‐metathetic conversion of ceric organo(R)ammonium hexachlorides (CAC R , R = Me, Et) with NaOSi(O t Bu) 3 and sodium siloxides NaOSiR 3 (R = Et, i Pr) in THF allowed the isolation of ceric siloxide complexes [Ce{OSi(O t Bu) 3 } 4 ], [Ce(OSiEt 3 ) 4 (THF) 0.5 ], and [Ce(OSi i Pr 3 ) 4 ]. Although the reaction products are prone to ate complex formation with the organoammonium chloride side products, the salt‐metathesis route gave good yields for homoleptic [Ce{OSi(O t Bu) 3 } 4 ]. The CAC R /alkylsiloxide reaction mixtures also suffer from (photo)redox processes as revealed by the formation of trivalent [Ce(OSi i Pr 3 ) 4 (NMe 4 )], but can be further stabilized by pyridine coordination as shown for the solid‐state structure of [Ce(OSi i Pr 3 ) 4 (py)]. The siloxide complexes were characterized by NMR, DRIFT, UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, as well as paramagnetic susceptibility measurements, X‐ray structure, and elemental analysis. The electrochemical studies revealed an effective stabilization of the Ce IV ion within the siloxy ligand environments.
Improving recovery of member genomes from enrichment reactor microbial communities using MinION–based long read metagenomics
2018-11-08

Abstract New long read sequencing technologies offer huge potential for effective recovery of complete, closed genomes. While much progress has been made on cultured isolates, the ability of these methods to recover genomes of member taxa in complex microbial communities is less clear. Here we examine the ability of long read data to recover genomes from enrichment reactor metagenomes. Such modified communities offer a moderate level of complexity compared to the source communities and so are realistic, yet tractable, systems to use for this problem. We sampled an enrichment bioreactor designed to target anaerobic ammonium-oxidising bacteria (AnAOB) and sequenced genomic DNA using both short read (Illumina 301bp PE) and long read data (MinION Mk1B) from the same extraction aliquot. The community contained 23 members, of which 16 had genome bins defined from an assembly of the short read data. Two distinct AnAOB species from genus Candidatus Brocadia were present and had complete genomes, of which one was the most abundant member species in the community. We can recover a 4Mb genome, in 2 contigs, of long read assembled sequence that is unambiguously associated with the most abundant AnAOB member genome. We conclude that obtaining near closed, complete genomes of members of low-medium microbial communities using MinION long read sequence is feasible.
Architectural glazed decorations in the Iron Age Northern Levant: Two case studies from Tell Afis (Syria) and Zincirli (Turkey)
2018-11-08

The aim of this paper is to discuss the issue of the employment of coloured glazed devices in architecture in the Iron Age Northern Levant, in light of current researches and archaeological evidence from old and recent excavations in Northern Syria and Southern Anatolia. Glazed ceramics from Tell Afis (Syria) and Zincirli (Turkey) are discussed in light of their provenance contexts, comparing such artefacts with a wide spectrum of visual sources both from the Northern Levant and North Mesopotamia. This analysis aims at understanding the possible function of these glazed ceramics, hypothesizing their possible employment in the architectural decorations of ancient buildings.
Pre‐ and postnatal development of the otic ganglion in humans
2018-11-08

Abstract Only a few papers exist dealing with the development and aging of the autonomic nervous system – and even rarer are studies that investigated the otic ganglion. Using a special trepan, we removed and investigated 172 samples from 86 corpses, ranging from 20 weeks of gestational age ( GA ) to 95 years of age. The aim of the study was to measure different morphometric parameters of the ganglionic neurons in order to study age‐related changes from early development until old age. Fetuses show the highest numerical density of neurons. Then, in the first years of life, a rapid growth of the cytoplasm takes place, which is the main reason for the neuronal growth and the increase of the general size of the otic ganglion at this age. Also, the number of satellite cells increases till puberty. In adults, the parameters are relatively stable over decades and decrease slowly, in contrast to the steep increase in the first years of life. Moreover, neuronal degeneration, storage of pigments, neuro‐axonal dystrophy, and lymphocytic infiltrates increase with age.
Ontogenetic Shifts in the Number of Axons in the Olfactory Tract and Optic Nerve in Two Species of Deep-Sea Grenadier Fish (Gadiformes: Macrouridae: Coryphaenoides)
2018-11-09

Neuroanatomical studies of the peripheral sense organs and brains of deep-sea fishes are particularly useful for predicting their sensory capabilities and ultimately their behavior. Over the abyssal plane (between 2,000 and 6,000 m), communities of grenadiers (Gadiformes: Macrouridae) play an important ecological role as predator-scavengers. Previous studies suggest that these fishes rely heavily on chemosensation, especially olfaction. Furthermore, at least one species, Coryphaenoides armatus, undergoes an ontogenetic shift in the relative size of the optic tectum and the olfactory bulbs, suggesting. a shift from a reliance on vision to olfaction during ontogeny, apparently in association with a shift to a more scavenging lifestyle. Here, we compared the olfactory and visual sensory inputs to the brain in C. armatus, and in a second, closely-related species, Coryphaenoides profundicolus, by assessing the total number of axons (myelinated and unmyelinated) in the olfactory tract and optic nerve in a range of individuals from both species. In C. armatus, the numbers of axons in both tract and nerve increased with body size, with the total number of axons in the olfactory tract being far greater than the number of axons in the optic nerve. These differences became more pronounced in larger animals. In the two smaller C. profundicolus individuals (≤ 315 mm SL), there were more axons in the optic nerve than in the olfactory tract, but the opposite situation was found in larger individuals. As in C. armatus, the number of olfactory tract axons also increased with body size in C. profundicolus, but in contrast, the number of optic nerve axons decreased in this species. These results suggest that both C. armatus and C. profundicolus undergo an ontogenetic shift in sensory orientation, with olfaction becoming relatively more important than vision in larger animals. The differences in the ratio of olfactory tract to optic nerve axons in C. armatus indicate that olfaction is of particular importance to larger individuals of this species. In both species, the percentage of myelinated axons in the olfactory tract was relatively low, but we found evidence for interspecific and ontogenetic variation in the percentages of myelinated axons in the optic nerve.
The Word Memory Test in medicolegal assessment: a measure of effort and malingering?
2018-11-09

The Word Memory Test (WMT) is claimed to measure effort and to detect cognitive response bias. Archival data from n = 2526 cases referred in 2009–2016 for medicolegal assessment were analyzed. Each participant underwent a medical and a psychological examination including a cognitive test battery and several validity measures including the WMT. The WMT validity test scores do not approximately follow a normal distribution. Thus, parametric statistics for WMT validity scores may not be appropriate. WMT performance explains 0–20% of the variance in cognitive test performance. This is more than what substantial brain damage accounts for. The standard uniform cutoff indicating a 'fail' in all three WMT effort subtests (equal or less than 82.5% correct responses) seems not supported by the data. Taking into account the context of the testing, cutoffs may be chosen according to the desired sensitivity or specificity. ROC-statistics with modified Slick criteria as gold standard for malingering look alike for the three WMT effort subtests, with a AUC between 0.86 and 0.88. The WMT seems a good indicator of both effort and (Slick) malingering, however, little is gained by administering the entire test.
Bis-heterocycles. Part I: tetrahydro-5,5′- bi(1,2,4-triazin-6-ones)
2018-11-09

Abstract Selected sets of tetrahydro-5,5′-bi(1,2,4-triazines) ( 1–3 ) appended with acetyl, benzoyl, and ester moieties at C-3 position and N -1 ( p -substituted)phenyl ring have been prepared and characterized by spectral (IR, NMR, MS) data and X-ray diffraction for compound 3a . Their synthesis was achieved in high yield via the reaction of diethyl aminomalonate with various N -(aryl)hydrazonoyl chlorides in the presence of triethylamine.
Providing orientation by philosophizing at school. Phenomenological and postmodern validity claims
2018-11-09

In liberal societies it seems to be important to provide orientation by philosophizing at school. We are used to doing this by discussing classic ethics with our students. Here, skills like rational argumentation can be trained. It is the universal rationality that can be applied to different ethical issues and, thus, provide orientation. When it comes to this learning objective phenomenology and postmodernism are mostly not expected to provide assistance. Phenomenology might be seen as just dealing with perception whereas postmodernism is under suspicion for contributing to indecision, arbitrariness and relativism. In this article I will try to outline the potentials of phenomenology and postmodernism in the field of orientation. In the tradition of Husserl’s ‘epoché’ we can let students discover the perspective of a first person and what it means to be a ‘self’. Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty have not only described a certain closeness to the world which can be described as ‘dwelling’ of a lived body. They have also delineated elements of a new ‘postmetaphysical’ and at the same time ‘prehermeneutical’ metaphysics. All this can help to open the depth of self, life, and world. Postmodern thinkers claim a plurality of truths. By this means, these theories can encourage self-empowerment. At the same time, authors like Lévinas (responsibility for the other), Lyotard (the sublime), and Rorty (solidarity) describe new ways of openness towards the world which are not founded by any primal truth and thus provide orientation.