julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Integrating surface georadar and crosshole radar tomography: A validation experiment in braided stream deposits
2002-09-01

We have used a combination of surface ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) profiling, crosshole radar tomography, and natural gamma‐ray logging to characterize a gravelly braided stream deposit. In a gravel pit, we conducted a survey using 300‐MHz surface GPR, 250‐MHz crosshole radar, and densely sampled gamma‐ray logging at single‐borehole locations. After excavation, we validated the geophysical results by comparison with the sedimentological and hydrogeological information obtained from the corresponding outcrop wall. We found the visual lithofacies boundaries agreed very well with the images provided by applied geophysical techniques. Our results illustrate how GPR reflector images are improved using tomographic velocity information. In addition, the structural interpretation of tomographic velocity fields is guided by the GPR reflector images in combination with natural gamma‐ray logging results. Groundwater flow and transport modeling was also performed on different subsurface models. The hydrogeological response of parameter distributions derived from a digitized outcrop image are compared with the response of a parameter field derived from the combined geophysical data and with the response of a simple block interpolation between the boreholes. Comparison of cumulative particle arrival times (breakthrough curves) indicates that the characterization of an appropriate real aquifer would benefit from incorporating high‐resolution geophysical data into the analysis.
A Putative Role for the Vacuolar Calcium/Manganese Proton Antiporter AtCAX2 in Heavy Metal Detoxification
2002-09-01

Abstract: Regulation of uptake and compartmentation of metal ions is important for the maintenance of metal ion homeostasis. To identify mechanisms involved in the protection of plants from Mn toxicity, wild‐type yeast was transformed with an Arabidopsis cDNA library and transformants were screened on toxic Mn concentrations. Wild‐type yeast could not grow in the presence of 30 mM MnSO 4 , while two transformants carrying variants of the same gene were able to grow. Database searches revealed that the isolated cDNAs correspond to AtCAX2, previously described as a vacuolar calcium‐proton antiporter. Since no other genes could be identified, AtCAX2 might represent a major function permitting Mn detoxification in this suppressor screen. Furthermore, yeast transformed with the two AtCAX2 cDNAs showed increased sensitivity towards hydrogen peroxide, pointing to a limited availability of cytoplasmic Mn in the presence of AtCAX2 activity. The open reading frames of the cDNA encoded polypeptides that have a 42 and a 92 amino acids shorter N‐terminal region relative to the predicted full‐length coding region of AtCAX2. In contrast to both truncated cDNAs, the full‐length clone was unable to confer Mn resistance to yeast, indicating that, similar to AtCAX1, AtCAX2 also carries an autoinhibitory N‐terminal domain regulating the activity of AtCAX2.
New Taxa in the Tremellales: Bulleribasidium oberjochense gen. et sp. nov., Papiliotrema bandonii gen. et sp. nov. and Fibulobasidium murrhardtense sp. nov.
2002-09-01

Two new genera, Bulleribasidium and Papiliotrema, and three new species, B. oberjochense, P. bandonii and Fibulobasidium murrhardtense are described. An integrated analysis of morphological, ultrastructural, physiological, and molecular data indicates that the new taxa belong to the Tremellales (Basidiomycota). Relevant characteristics of the new genera and species are discussed and compared with those of closely related taxa.
Combating drug use in competitive sports. An analysis from the athletes' perspective.
2002-09-01

An anti-doping law, as requested by the athletes, should include measures for educating the public about the health risks involved with doping. In addition, such a law would also make it possible to develop suitable methods of detection.
Occluded Umbilicus In The Pinacitinae (Devonian) And Its Palaeoecological Implications
2002-09-01

Eifelian (Middle Devonian) ammonoids of the Pinacitinae Hyatt, 1900 ( Exopinacites , Pinacites )with preserved shell structures from the eastern Anti–Atlas (Morocco) have revealed unusual morphological features. The Pinacitinae belong to the earliest ammonoids which closed their umbilici. As an approach to an interpretation of these structures, the representatives of the subfamily Pinacitinae ( Exopinacites singularis , Pinacites jugleri , P. eminens ) are compared with other ammonoids, e.g. Acrimeroceras , Araucanites , Clistoceras , Gaudryceras , Nathorstites , Prolobites , and Synpharciceras , which produced umbilical plugs and covers. Some of these are comparable in structure to Nautilus pompilius and N. belauensis . In contrast to all of these taxa, the lateral shell wall of the Pinacitinae reached the centre of the umbilicus and formed an umbilical lid. The umbilical shell wall rests on the umbilical lid of the previous whorl. This construction probably had the advantage that it improved the hydrodynamic properties of the conch, along with the oxyconic conch shape and the approximately horizontal orientation of the aperture.
Molecular Characterization of the 4′-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine Synthetase Domain of Bacterial Dfp Flavoproteins
2002-09-01

In bacteria, coenzyme A is synthesized in five steps from pantothenate. The flavoprotein Dfp catalyzes the synthesis of the coenzyme A precursor 4'-phosphopantetheine in the presence of 4'-phosphopantothenate, cysteine, CTP, and Mg(2+) (Strauss, E., Kinsland, C., Ge, Y., McLafferty, F. W., and Begley, T. P. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 13513-13516). It has been shown that the NH(2)-terminal domain of Dfp has 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase activity (Kupke, T., Uebele, M., Schmid, D., Jung, G., Blaesse, M., and Steinbacher, S. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 31838-31846). Here I demonstrate that the COOH-terminal CoaB domain of Dfp catalyzes the synthesis of 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine. The exchange of conserved amino acid residues within the CoaB domain revealed that the synthesis of 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine occurs in two half-reactions. Using the mutant protein His-CoaB N210D the putative acyl-cytidylate intermediate of 4'-phosphopantothenate was detectable. The same intermediate was detectable for the wild-type CoaB enzyme if cysteine was omitted in the reaction mixture. Exchange of the conserved Lys(289) residue, which is part of the strictly conserved (289)KXKK(292) motif of the CoaB domain, resulted in complete loss of activity with neither the acyl-cytidylate intermediate nor 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine being detectable. Gel filtration experiments indicated that CoaB forms dimers. Residues that are important for dimerization are conserved in CoaB proteins from eubacteria, Archaea, and eukaryotes.
Multi-Resolution Rendering of Complex Animated Scenes
2002-09-01

We present a novel multi-resolution point sample rendering algorithm for keyframe animations. The algorithm accepts triangle meshes of arbitrary topology as input which are animated by specifying different sets of vertices at keyframe positions. A multi-resolution representation consisting of prefiltered point samples and triangles is built to represent the animated mesh at different levels of detail. We introduce a novel sampling and stratification algorithm to efficiently generate suitable point sample sets for moving triangle meshes. Experimental results demonstrate that the new data structure can be used to render highly complex keyframe animations like crowd scenes in real-time. Categories and Subject Descriptors: I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture / Image Generation — Display Algorithms; I.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Methodology and Techniques — Graphics data structures and data types; G.3 [Mathematics of Computing]: Probability and Statistics — Probabilistic algorithms.
A Fish Oil Emulsion Used for Parenteral Nutrition Attenuates Monocyte-Endothelial Interactions Under Flow
2002-09-01

Monocyte adhesion contributes to perfusion abnormalities, tissue damage, and activation of the coagulation system seen during trauma, shock, or overwhelming inflammation. This study was performed to determine whether an intravenous fish oil emulsion used for parenteral nutrition attenuates monocyte-endothelial interactions under flow and reduces procoagulant activity, measured as tissue factor (TF) expression on adherent monocytes in vitro. Endothelial cell monolayers were incubated with either an intravenous fish oil emulsion or a conventional omega-6 lipid emulsion at 0.05 to 1 mg/ml for 24 h. Six hours following activation with TNFalpha (25 ng/ml), expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules was measured by flow cytometry. Adhesion of isolated monocytes to pretreated endothelium was examined in a parallel plate flow chamber at a shear stress of 1.5 dynes/cm2. Following perfusion, the cells were cocultured for an additional 4 h and TF expression on monocytes was determined by flow cytometry. In contrast to omega-6 lipids, fish oil down-regulated E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in a dose-dependent manner. P-selectin, however, remained unchanged. In addition, firm adhesion was reduced to 54%, whereas rolling interactions remained unchanged. Fish oil exhibited no effect on the TF expression on cocultured monocytes. We conclude that intravenous fish oil emulsions reduce both endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and monocyte adhesion. However, under postcapillary flow conditions, rolling interactions via P-selectin remain unaltered. The functional importance of this effect is illustrated by the corresponding upregulation of TF in response to residual monocyte-endothelial interactions.
Erythropoietin-mediated decrease of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kB is inversely correlated with the hemoglobin level
2002-09-01

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of rh-EPO on the redox-sensitive transcription factor (NF-kappaB) in vivo and in vitro. Ten patients (7 female, 3 male), mean age 69.2 +/- 11 years, with end-stage renal failure and anemia prior to initiation of regular hemodialysis were enrolled and divided into 2 groups (group A "good responder", 7 patients and group B "poor responder", 3 patients) in accordance to the response to rh-EPO therapy. Nuclear binding activity of NF-kappaB was determined in ex vivo isolated mononuclear cells before, 4 and 8 weeks after onset of regular hemodialysis and rh-EPO therapy by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). In group A, a reduction of NF-KB binding activity from 100% to 56 +/- 6% was observed within the first four weeks of rh-EPO treatment, while mean hemoglobin rose from 8.2 +/- 0.4 g/dl to 11.1 +/- 0.2 g/dl. However, this effect was abrogated after another 4 weeks of treatment when NF-kappaB signal increased back to 85.2 +/- 10.6% despite consistent mean hemoglobin level of 11.3 +/- 0.4 g/dl. Group B demonstrated a slight increase of NF-kappaB signal from 100% to 129 +/- 18.5%, while mean hemoglobin only moderately rose from 7.6 +/- 0.3 g/dl to 8.3 +/- 0.1 g/dl within the first 4 weeks, and it further rose to 180 +/- 45% after 8 weeks of treatment, while mean hemoglobin (9.5 +/- 0.1 g/dl) remained low. The NF-kappaB binding activity differed significantly when comparing both groups (p = 0.007). Binding activity of Oct-1, serving as control, did not change notably in either group (p = 0.34). In vitro studies showed that rh-EPO did not directly affect NF-KB binding activity in THP-1 cells. However, coincubation of THP-1 cells with erythrocytes led to a reduction of NF-kappaB binding activity only in THP-1 cells with a hemoglobin level adjusted to 11 g/dl compared to 8 g/dl in the presence of rh-EPO. In vivo and in vitro data implicate a complex interaction between rh-EPO, stimulated RBC and the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB in mononuclear cells.
On-line coupling of packed capillary electrochromatography with coordination ion spray-mass spectrometry for the separation of enantiomers
2002-09-01

Pressure-supported packed capillary electrochromatography (CEC) and packed capillary high-performance liquid chromatography (pHPLC) have been coupled on-line to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and coordination ion spray-mass spectrometry (CIS-MS). Separation of enantiomers of barbiturates and chlorinated alkyl phenoxypropanoates were performed on a permethylated beta-cyclodextrin stationary phase by pressure-supported CEC. For on-line detection with ESI- and CIS-MS, a modified sheath-liquid interface was used. CIS-MS is a universal, novel ionization technique which improves the selectivity as well as the sensitivity. Charged complexes were formed through the addition of central complexing ions such as silver(I), cobalt(II), copper(II), and lithium(I) to the sheath flow. Advantages of CIS-MS detection compared to the ESI-MS mode are discussed. In the CIS-MS mode, increased sensitivity and high selectivity was attained through different possibilities of complexation. The superiority of pressure-supported CEC compared to pHPLC in the hyphenation with CIS-MS is demonstrated.
High-quality unstructured volume rendering on the PC platform
2002-09-01

For the visualization of volume data the application of transfer functions is used widely. In this area the pre-integration technique allows high quality visualizations and the application of arbitrary transfer functions. For regular grids, this approach leads to a two-dimensional pre-integration table which easily fits into texture memory. In contrast to this, unstructured meshes require a three-dimensional pre-integration table. As a consequence the available texture memory limits the resolution of the pre-integration table and the maximum local derivative of the transfer function. Discontinuity artifacts arise if the resolution of the pre-integration table is too low. This paper presents a novel approach for accurate rendering of unstructured grids using the multi-texturing capabilities of commodity PC graphics hardware. Our approach achieves high quality by reconstructing the colors and opacities of the pre-integration table using the high internal precision of the pixel shader. Since we are using standard 2D multi-texturing we are not limited in the size of the pre-integration table. By combining this approach with a hardware-accelerated calculation of the pre-integration table, we achieve both high quality visualizations and interactive classification updates.
Comparison of different setups for one- and two-dimensional capillary high-performance liquid chromatography and pressurized capillary electrochromatography coupled on-line with mass spectrometry
2002-09-01

A comparison of different separation methods (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary HPLC (CHPLC) and pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC)) coupled on-line with mass spectrometry (MS) is undertaken using the separation of a crude extract of ergot fungus (secalis cornuti) as an example. New and simple setups for a two-dimensional CHPLC coupled on-line with electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS (2D-CHPLC-MS) as well as for capillary size-exclusion chromatography performed under pCEC conditions and coupled on-line with ESI-MS (CSEC-pCEC-MS) are shown. In addition, an improved method for column packing is presented.
DISTINCT ENZYME PROFILES IN PATIENTS WITH CRYPTOGENIC CIRRHOSIS REFLECT HETEROGENEOUS CAUSES WITH DIFFERENT OUTCOMES AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (OLT): A LONG-TERM DOCUMENTATION BEFORE AND AFTER OLT
2002-09-01

This study provides arguments that cryptogenic cirrhosis is a heterogeneous disease in which autoimmune mechanisms might be predominately involved and being responsible for recurrence of chronic liver disease observed in some instances after OLT.
Synthesis and characterization of unsymmetrically substituted dienophilic nickel phthalocyanines for Diels-Alder reactions
2002-09-01

A general synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted dienophilic nickel phthalocyanines is described. The desired nickel phthalocyanine complexes [3,4,10,11,17,18-hexakis(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)tribenzo(b,g,i]-24,27-di-hydro-24,27-epoxynaphthalo[q]porphyrazinato]nickel(II) (4) and dodeca alkoxy-substituted PcNi (5) were synthesized using a statistical approach by the condensation of 1,2-dicyano-4,5-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzene (1) or 1,2-dicyano-3,4,5,6-tetrakis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzene (2) and 6,7-dicyano-1,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxy-1,4-dimethylnaphthalene (3) in the presence of nickel(II) acetate. Reaction of 4 or 5 with tetraphenyl-cyclopentadieneone (9) lead to the phthalocyanine-tetracyclone adducts 10 and 11, respectively, which are precursors for intermediate adducts 12 and 13 containing isobenzofuran moiety as diene subunits. The dimer 14 was synthesized from 4 and the isobenzofuran intermediate 12. Dehydrogenation of the Diels-Alder product 14 to the fully conjugated derivative 15 was carried out successfully with p-toluenesulfonic acid.
Activated CD8+ T lymphocytes induce differentiation of monocytes to dendritic cells and restore the stimulatory capacity of interleukin 10-treated antigen-presenting cells.
2002-09-01

We analyzed the role of CD8+ T cells on dendritic cells (DCs). Incubation of monocytes with activated but not resting CD8+ T cells induced their differentiation into DCs with a CD1a+ and CD14- phenotype. Activated CD8+ lymphocytes induced down-regulation of CD14 expression in interleukin (IL)-10-treated macrophages and resulted in the expression of DC-related CD1a and up-regulation of mRNA transcripts for RelB, IL-12p40, MCP-2, MIP-1alpha, and ELC. These DCs were potent stimulatory cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction and induced primary CTL responses. This interaction was independent of a direct cell-to-cell contact. Monoclonal antibodies against IFN-gamma completely abolished the CD1a induction on IL-10-treated antigen-presenting cells. These results demonstrate that CD8+ cells can provide stimulatory signals to antigen-presenting cells to induce their differentiation in DC and to increase their immunostimulatory capacity.
Synthesis and properties of isoviagra. A 2‐methyl‐2H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrirnidin‐7‐one isomer of viagra®
2002-09-01

Abstract The synthesis and spectral properties (ir, ms, nmr) of a substituted 2‐methyl‐2 H ‐pyrazolo[4,3‐ d ]‐pyrimidin‐7‐one ( 3 ), an isomer of Viagra ® , are described. The key synthon, 4‐amino‐1‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐3‐pyrazolecarboxamide ( 7 ), is prepared via the reaction of ethyl 2,4‐dioxoheptanoate with methylhydrazine, followed by cyclization, nitration, amidation, and nitro group reduction. Interaction of 7 with 2‐ethoxyben‐zoyl chloride yielded the respective bis‐amide ( 8 ) which was cyclized in polyphosphoric acid to the corresponding pyrazolo[4,3‐ d ]pyrimidin‐7‐one derivative 9 . Chlorosulfonylation of 9 , and subsequent treatment with 1‐methylpiperazine furnished iso Viagra ( 3 ).
ALL-OPTICAL REFLECTANCE CONTROL BASED ON PHOTOINDUCED COMPLEX REFRACTIVE INDEX CHANGES IN GUIDED MODE THIN FILMS CONTAINING INDIUM OR GALLIUM PHTHALOCYANINES
2002-09-01

Tetrasubstituted indium or gallium phthalocyanines and their dimers bridged with various ligands were dispersed in a polymer thin film, which was spin-coated on silver thin film vacuum-evaporated on a glass slide. All-optical reflectance control was achieved by complex refractive index changes upon photoexcitation of phthalocyanines by nanosecond laser in such a guided mode geometry. They gave rise in less than ns pulse width, and a few to a few tens of microseconds decay characteristic to the lifetime of the excited triplet state. Repeated and reversible reflectance changes were achieved. Axially bridged phthalocyanine dimers showed almost the same photoresponses as monomers.
Transition to meson-dominated matter at RHIC. Consequences for kaon flow
2002-09-01

Anisotropic flow of kaons and antikaons is studied in heavy-ion collisions at CERN SPS and BNL RHIC energies within the microscopic quark-gluon string model. In the midrapidity range the directed flow of kaons v1 differs considerably from that of antikaons at SPS energy (Elab = 160 AGeV), while at RHIC energy ( √ s = 130 AGeV) the excitation functions of both, kaon and antikaon, flows coincide within the statistical error bars. The change is attributed to formation of dense mesondominated matter at RHIC, where the differences in interaction cross-sections of kaons and antikaons become unimportant. The time evolution of the kaon anisotropic flow is also investigated. The elliptic flow of these hadrons is found to develop at midrapidity at times 3 ≤ t ≤ 10 fm/c, which is much larger than the nuclear passing time t pass = 0.12 fm/c. As a function of transverse momentum the elliptic flow increases almost linearly with rising pt. It stops to rise at pt ≥ 1.5 GeV/c reaching the saturation value v K 2 (pt) ≈ 10%. Key words: Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, directed and elliptic flow of kaons, meson-rich matter, Monte-Carlo quark-gluon string model PACS: 25.75.-q, 25.75.Ld, 24.10.Lx 1
Changes in high molecular weight kininogen levels during and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery measured using a chromogenic peptide substrate assay
2002-09-01

High molecular weight kininogen (HK) is a co-factor in the blood-contact activation system. A chromogenic peptide substrate assay for HK (HKcs) has been developed in which test plasmas are mixed with diluted HK-deficient plasma and incubated with a soluble contact system activator that activates prekallikrein and factor XII. Calcium chloride, a synthetic thrombin inhibitor and a chromogenic peptide substrate for activated factor X (FXa) are then added. The FXa generated cleaves the FXa substrate releasing p-nitroanaline, which is measured photometrically. Test plasma HK values were calculated from a standard curve generated using a pooled normal plasma. Acceptable intra-assay and inter-assay precision values were obtained and levels of HK up to 200% were measurable. The assay measured HK in plasmas deficient in factor XII, prekallikrein and factor XI, was not affected by antiphospholipid antibodies and gave an acceptable correlation (r = 0.95) when normal plasmas and mixtures of HK-deficient and normal pooled plasma, calculated to give HK levels of 25 and 50%, were compared using HKcs and a HK one-stage clotting assay. The HKcs was used to measure HK levels in seven patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). HK levels fell significantly during CPB (P = 0.0014) and were significantly higher (P = 0.016) 6 days after CPB, suggesting that HK may be a positive acute-phase reacting protein.
Norepinephrine in the Rat Cortex before and after Occlusion of Chronic Arteriovenous Fistulae: A Microdialysis Study in an Animal Model of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
2002-09-01

The model seems to be valid for the simulation of events that occur before and after the obliteration of human cerebral AVMs in most cases, but not in those prone to hyperperfusion syndromes. The results provide evidence that cerebral sympathetic nervous system activity can be monitored by in vivo MD and that NE may play a role in CBF control before and after the obliteration of AVFs.
Giant Bilateral Inflammatory Pseudotumor Arising Along the Arterial Sheath of the Lower Extremities
2002-09-01

Giant Bilateral Inflammatory Pseudotumor Arising Along the Arterial Sheath of the Lower ExtremitiesMarius Horger1, Markus Müller-Schimpfle1, Manfred Wehrmann2, Brigitte Mehnert3, Franz Maurer4, Susanne M. Eschmann5 and Claus C. Claussen1Audio Available | Share
Simultaneous virtual representation of both vascular and neural tissue within the subarachnoid space of the basal cistern--technical note.
2002-09-01

The presented case demonstrates the clinical applicability of VIVENDI within the subarachnoid space of the basal cistern. The virtual representation enables pre-operative planning and simulation based on the patient's individual anatomy.