julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Perfect smooth orthogonal drawings
2014-07-01

Smooth orthogonal drawings were recently introduced with the view of combining two different graph drawing approaches: Orthogonal drawings and Lombardi drawings. In this paper, we focus on perfect smooth orthogonal drawings in which each edge is made of either a rectilinear segment or a circular arc. We prove that every 3-planar graph admits a planar perfect smooth orthogonal drawing. If we relax planarity constraints, we show that every graph of maximum degree 4 admits a (non-planar) perfect smooth orthogonal drawing. We demonstrate that there exist infinitely many planar graphs that do not admit planar perfect smooth orthogonal drawings under the Kandinsky model. Finally, we introduce classes of graphs admitting perfect smooth orthogonal drawings of different styles and study relations between these classes.
Model-based platform design and evaluation of cloud-based cyber-physical systems (CCPS)
2014-07-01

This paper presents a model-based approach to generate configurable software architectures of so called Cloud-based Cyber-Physical Systems (CCPS). Cloud computing makes dynamically scalable computing power and data storage available. These advantages are included in the design of Cloud-based Cyber-Physical Systems. The designed platform architecture is evaluated by two scenarios of automation engineering. The different scenarios of camera-based process monitoring are analyzed and subject of a timing analysis, an energy consumption estimation as well as a cost analysis. Significant improvements concerning processing time are shown and the energy optimal solution is identified. Moreover the most cost-effective solution is highlighted.
Psychosomatic consultation in the workplace: do we reach different users by changing the context?
2014-07-01

Background In Germany, the proportion of mental health diagnoses in early retirement is currently at 40%, constituting the largest diagnostic group. Due to demographic changes, shortage of qualified staff is an increasing challenge for social insurance funds and the labour market. Work-related stress is known to promote common mental disorders (CMD) like depression, anxiety, functional somatoform disorder or adjustment disorders and results in a declining quality of life and work performance. Although the landscape of mental health services is well established in Germany, only 40% of affected individuals managed to obtain professional care. The unmet need for easily accessible and early interventions and the economic impact of CMD led to the development of a variety of offers at the interface between company supported and conventional mental health care (CAU) e.g. the “psychosomatic consultation in the workplace” (PCIW). To learn more about this complex system we set out to analyse user profile and change 12-weeks after consultation.
Using a slit lamp-mounted digital high-speed camera for dynamic observation of phakic lenses during eye movements: a pilot study
2014-07-01

With the use of a slit lamp-mounted high-speed camera system and morphometry software, observation and objective measurements of iris-claw intraocular lenses and angle-supported intraocular lenses movements seem to be possible. Slight decentration in the primary position might be an indicator of increased lens mobility during kinetic stress during eye movements. Long-term assessment by high-speed analysis with higher case numbers has to clarify the relationship between progressing motility and endothelial cell damage.
Upward-rightward planar drawings
2014-07-01

Upward drawing is a widely studied drawing convention for the visual representation of directed graphs. In an upward drawing vertices are mapped to distinct points of the plane, and edges are curves monotonically increasing in the vertical direction, according to their orientation. In particular, not all planar digraphs admit an upward planar drawing (i.e., an upward drawing with no edge crossing), and testing whether a planar digraph is upward planar drawable is NP-hard. Furthermore, straight-line upward planar drawings may require exponential area. In this paper we study a relaxation of upward drawings, called upward-rightward drawings; in such a drawing for any directed path from a vertex u to a vertex v it must be that either v is above u or v is to the right of u. In contrast with upward planarity, we prove that every planar digraph admits an upward-rightward planar drawing with straight-line edges and that this drawing can be computed in linear time and polynomial area.
Von Alexandrien nach Jerusalem. Überlegungen zur Vermittlung philonischalexandrinischer Tradition an Paulus
2014-07-01

Abstract: In comparative research on Philo and Paul, there are currently three main models for explaining their commonalities: literary dependence; oral transmission of Philonic material to Paul via Apollos and the Corinthians; and a ‘common background’ in Greek-speaking Judaism shared by both authors. The present contribution tests these three models using the example of the motif of human self-aggrandizement over God. The paper concludes that none of these models sufficiently explains the analyzed motif. This also applies to the most recently favored model of ‘common background’ which can be substantiated neither by extra-Philonic Jewish literature nor by the traditions that Philo worked with. Therefore, in a variation on the second model, the paper explores possible historically describable ways for Philonic-Alexandrian tradition to have been transmitted to Paul. As a location for this, Jerusalem especially comes into question. Paul could have come directly into contact with Philonic material before his Damascus experience in the context of the Greek-speaking synagogues there, or later in Antioch through Barnabas and other Graeco-Palestinians.
O1‐09‐06: A EUROPEAN BIOBANK FOR THE VALIDATION OF NEW MARKERS FOR ALZHEIMER'S AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE: THE BIOMARKAPD PROJECT
2014-07-01

Early detection of neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (AD and PD) is crucial for slowing down the disease process. Biomarkers are promising for such early detection, but are not without problems. The use of biomarkers is challenged by the high interlaboratory variability and lack of plasma markers. The JPND project “Biomarkers for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease (BIOMARKAPD)” is a European multicentre study that aims to improve the clinical use of body fluid markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of AD and PD. The objectives are to standardise the use of existing assays and to validate novel biomarkers. To support these activities, a European central biobank for neurodegenerative diseases has been set-up in Luxemburg (www.ibbl.lu). Furthermore, a virtual biobank provides an overview of the availability of CSF, plasma, serum and DNA samples at each site. All 56 partners were asked to collect samples and clinical data for the central biobank and to provide information on the availability of samples at the local biobank. The central biobank aims to collect 2 ml CSF, 2 ml serum, 2 ml plasma stored in 0.5 aliquots and 4 ml blood for DNA of 800 subjects. To minimize variability between biomarker measurements, samples are collected according to the BIOMARKAPD standardized preanalytical procedures (Del Campo et al., 2012). Collection and storage tubes are provided centrally. To date 18 sites have started to collect samples for the central biobank and 22 sites have agreed to participate in the virtual biobank. Currently, the central biobank includes information on 31 subjects (20 subjects with AD, 5 with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and 6 with PD or dementia with Lewy bodies. (DLB)). The virtual biobank contains information on 63 subjects with AD, 54 with MCI, 19 with PD or DLB, and 69 with other types of dementia. BIOMARKAPD will provide a large repository with blood and CSF samples for research on neurodegenerative diseases, enabling progress in the clinical use of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of AD and PD. A module to request samples from the biobank will be launched in June.
P4‐065: HIGHLY POTENT SOLUBLE Aβ SEEDS IN HUMAN ALZHEIMER BRAIN BUT NOT CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
2014-07-01

Background: An accurate prognosis of decline is essential to reduce the dementia related burden by timely access to formal advice and care.The purpose of this study is to determine the added diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to a clinical judgment for the prediction of cognitive or functional decline.Methods: In a prospective cohort study memory clinic patients were evaluated at baseline according to current clinical standard diagnostic evaluations (physical, clinical and neuropsychological examination, history, and MRI) and received a CSF test.A diagnostic pathway 'clinic without CSF' was reflected by the judgment of patient vignettes, containing clinical information from baseline only, by three clinical experts who classified each patient as 'AD-related decline expected', 'other cause-related decline expected' or 'no decline expected'.As a comparison pathway, a CSF test was positioned as an add-on test to reclassify the clinical judgments if an abnormal beta-amyloid(1-42)/total tau ratio was found in subjects clinically judged as 'no decline expected' or a normal ratio was found in subjects judged as 'AD-related decline'.In each subgroup (subjective memory complaints, mild cognitive impairment and dementia) reclassifications were verified by a reference diagnosis set by an adjusted Delphi consensus procedure using 2 year follow up data to observe which patients actually declined.Results: The 'clinic without CSF' pathway correctly predicted decline in 55 out of 58 subjects (95%) who declined after 2 years and correctly predicted no decline in 34 out of 53 subjects (64%) who remained stable.When adding CSF, 25 subjects were reclassified of whom 6 were correct and 19 incorrect.In all subgroups the proportion correctly reclassified was lower than the proportion incorrectly reclassified.Conclusions: Adding CSF to the clinical judgment by a decision rule did not improve the prediction of 2-year cognitive or functional decline based on clinical evaluation in memory clinic subjects with subjective memory complaints, mild cognitive impairment or dementia.New data are expected in 2014 using a panel of experts to combine CSF to clinical information instead of relying on the decision rule with limited generalizable to clinical practice.
P1‐179: CAN DUAL TASK PARADIGMS CONTRIBUTE TO THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND DEMENTIA/MCI?
2014-07-01

Depressive symptoms or depression occur very often in the course of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Dementia. However, also a major depression episode can cause MCI-like symptoms. Hence, the differential diagnosis is not trivial due to the overlap of symptoms, i.e. depressive symptoms in cognitive impairment as well as cognitive symptoms in (major) depression. Therefore, in clinical practice a test or a set of tests is needed to improve the discrimination accuracy between the two diagnoses.Dual tasking (DT) has been shown to be useful for the differentiation of Alzheimer's disease from depression however this has, to the best of our knowledge, not been investigated in MCI patients. 701 participants of the TREND study (Tübinger evaluation of Risk factors for Early detection of NeuroDegeneration; www.TREND-studie.de) were examined with an extensive set of clinical, neuropsychological, and neurological tests. We built four cohorts (controls, MCI, depression, MCI and depression) based on the results of the CERADplus test battery and the Beck's Depression Inventory. Dual task capacity was evaluated by performing a 20 m fast walk and a checking boxes task under single (ST) and DT conditions. Dual task costs (DTC) defined as percentage of the loss of speed in DT versus ST condition, were calculated. Gait speeds under ST conditions were significantly higher in controls compared to the cohorts suffering from depression, MCI and MCI/depression, as well as MCI compared to the double diagnosis. Similarly, controls were faster in checking boxes under ST conditions than the MCI and the MCI/depression cohort. Interestingly, DTC of checking boxes speed were significantly higher in the depression and the MCI/depression cohorts compared to controls, but not in the MCI cohort. These results indicate that DT paradigms may indeed be helpful in the differentiation of MCI from depression state. As such tasks are simple to perform and need little equipment, it seems justified to further investigate the usefulness of DT paradigms in this difficult differential diagnosis.
P4‐110: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME AND FREQUENCY OF EVENT RETRIEVAL USING THE HISTORIC EVENTS MEMORY TEST IN PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
2014-07-01

Core symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a retrograde amnesia, where recent events are often significantly more affected than remote events. The hippocampus which is considered as a crucial neuroanatomical structure for memory consolidation is early impaired in this neurodegenerative disease. In the standard model of consolidation it is assumed that this temporal gradient in memory performance is due to a time-limited role of the hippocampus in memory storage. Remote events become stored in the neocortex and are therefore not affected by the hippocampal damage. The Multiple Trace Theory postulates that remote memories are better protected by a larger number of hippocampal-neocortical memory traces. Own studies of autobiographical memory and memory performance of historical events in AD suggest that not the temporal component but the retrieval frequency is most important for the memory performance. In 29 healthy controls and 25 patients with AD memory performance of important historical events of the past 50 years were evaluated with the Historic Events Memory Test. Retrieval frequency was operationalized by a paired comparison analysis. Using voxelbased morphometry it was correlatively evaluated whether frequently recalled memories depend less on hippocampal degeneration than seldomly retrieved memories. While we found a significant correlation between memory performance and hippocampal volume for the seldomly retrieved events in patients with AD we did not show this association for frequently retrieved events. Our findings indicate that more frequently remembered events are more independent of hippocampal structures. Thus, it can be concluded that mental activity protects against the neurodegenerative process of incipient AD.
P3‐005: A CASE SERIES OF GRN MUTATIONS FROM GERMAN‐SPEAKING COUNTRIES
2014-07-01

FTLD is a clinically heterogenous syndrome that overlaps with movement disorders (PSP, CBS) and motoneuron disease (MND). Apart from pathognomic histopathologic findings (Pick bodies, tau, ubiquitin, FUS, TDP-43), a number of genes has been associated with FTLD (MAPT, TARDBP, VCP, FUS, CHMP2B, SQSTM1, UBQLN2, GRN, C9orf72). Among the rarer genetic forms of FTLD, GRN mutations are of particular clinical interest as treatment options seem to be within reach. The product of GRN (OMIM 138945) is progranulin, a 88kD glycoprotein that was identified as an autocrine growth factor and plays a role in neoplasia as well as in immunity. The endogenous production of progranulin can be increased by drugs such as SAHA. Diagnosis of a GRN mutation is suggested by reduced progranulin activity in peripheral blood. In German speaking countries, GRN mutations have as yet been diagnosed rarely. Only one screening study has been published (Schlachetzki et al. 2009): it revealed 2 cases with GRN mutations in 79 FTLD patients from Southern Germany. Overall more than 400 individuals diagnosed as FTLD by specialist centers in German speaking countries have been screened either by progranulin activity in peripheral blood and/or by genetic assays. We report a series of 10 cases with mutations in the GRN gene. Two cases share the novel Y294X mutation, a third mutation has not been described outside of Germany so far. Our cases may serve as a nucleus for a cohort of patients and at-risk subjects with GRN mutations as a basis for trial-readiness (e.g. in the context of GenFI or the German FTLD consortium) focusing on this distinct subtype within the FTLD syndrome.
Observation of the ABC effect and final-state isospin
2014-07-01

Despite the number of inclusive measurements of the pionic fusion reactions, the nature of the ABC effect discovered in 1960 was not completely established. Exclusive measurements of the doublepion-production reactions leading to either fused d, 3He and 4He nuclear final states or pp pairs are analyzed. A significant ABC effect—enhancement in the region of low ππ mass—is found only in the isoscalar ππ channel while in the isovector channels it is small or absent. For the reaction with isovector pp final state an ABC effect was not observed even at the special kinematic conditions to reproduce a quasi-bound two-proton state. The total cross sections for the d and 4He fusion reactions show similar resonance-like energy dependence.
P4‐235: ALTERED SYNAPTIC CONNECTIVITY AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AFTER INTERFERENCE WITH CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE SUBUNIT IV EXPRESSION
2014-07-01

Although substantial progress has been made regarding neurodegenerative pathologies over the years, predictive animal models, reflecting the complex pathogenesis of sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases are still missing, hampering further understanding of underlying, early pathogenic mechanisms and development of efficient therapeutic strategies. With ageing being the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's and related diseases, an age-related functional decline of cellular processes comes to the fore laying the foundations for disease initiation. With high energy demand of neurons in mind, especially aged, malfunctioning mitochondria come into play as initiators of pathogenic cascades. Of clinical relevance, respiratory chain components like Cytochrome-C-Oxidase complex were shown to be reduced in activity and comparing healthy individuals and AD patients revealed an increase in sporadic mutations in the mtDNA control region. Several mutations found were also shown to be unique to AD. Based on these findings, age-related mitochondrial disfunction might serve as a gatekeeper for neurodegenerative pathogenesis eventually leading to AD and other diseases. Artificially interfering with proper mitochondrial function might therefore be a promising strategy to model age-dependent pathologies. To specifically interfere with Cytochrome-C-Oxidase function we developed lentiviral vectors to knockdown its nuclear-encoded subunit IV. Employing constructs harbouring CamKII-promoter driven miRNA- and Synapsin-promoter driven EGFP expression we were able to specifically tackle respiratory chain complex IV integrity in neurons in vitro and in vivo. Corresponding effects on synaptic connectivity were analysed by detailed immunocyto- and immunohistochemistry after recording of confocal z-stacks of stained sample material. Overall neurotoxic effects of lentiviral transductions were determined quantitatively using Draq5 nuclear staining in combination with NeuN immunoreactivity. Cognitive performance of treated animals was assessed by Morris Water Maze testing. Knockdown of Cytochrome-C-Oxidase subunit IV resulted in a marked decrease of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections. Notably, this occurred without any apparent decrease in neuronal number arguing for a specific effect on neuronal wiring. Treatment of lentivirally transduced neurons with inhibitors of GSK3ß successfully ameliorated the effects observed. Moreover, Morris Water Maze testing of lentivirally transduced animals revealed hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits. Our results demonstrate that mimicking age-related impairment of mitochondrial function may provide a novel model for age-related dementia.
Eculizumab Bridging and Plasma Cell-Directed Therapy - A Novel Concept in Severe Antibody Mediated Rejection in Kidney Transplantation.
2014-07-01

Purpose: Acute antibody mediated rejection (AMR) is a severe complication following kidney transplantation with profound impact on allograft survival. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody mediated cytotoxicity involves terminal complement activation. We report complement C5b inhibition by eculizumab to rapidly interrupt renal injury in AMR, thereby providing a window for antibody-directed therapy to become effective. Methods: A case series of three patients with severe AMR and high titres of C1q-binding donor specific antibodies (DSA) is presented. Eculizumab was administered followed by plasma cell therapy with bortezomib or cyclophosphamid, respectively. Results: In all patients, renal function stabilized rapidly despite unchanged DSA titres. Between one and 9 doses of eculizumab were administered until plasma cell therapy effectively reduced DSA titres over time. After a follow up of 9 - 28 months, median serum creatinine is 1.9 mg/dl and median eGFR is 38 ml/min/1.73 m2. Conclusion: Complement C5b blockade by eculizumab is highly effective in interrupting HLA antibody-mediated cell injury in AMR. As a novel concept, eculizumab bridging creates a therapeutic window for antibody-directed B- or plasma cell therapy to become effective and may improve outcome of AMR in kidney transplantation. DISCLOSURES:Heyne, N.: Speaker's Bureau, Alexion, speaker & consulting fees.
Evidence for Polarization of Gluons in the Proton
2014-07-02

We discuss the impact of recent high-statistics Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider data on the determination of the gluon polarization in the proton in the context of a global QCD analysis of polarized parton distributions. We find evidence for a nonvanishing polarization of gluons in the region of momentum fraction and at the scales mostly probed by the data. Although information from low momentum fractions is presently lacking, this finding is suggestive of a significant contribution of gluon spin to the proton spin, thereby limiting the amount of orbital angular momentum required to balance the proton spin budget.