julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Adapting GermaNet for the Web
2002-01-01

Under consideration for other conferences: No Abstract: This paper deals with the adaption of the lexical-semantic wordnet GermaNet for w eb- based applications. The GermaNet data have been converted into XML-conformant documents, which represent the concepts and all the basic relations defined between them, while acc ounting for the peculiarities of the German wordnet. We also compare GermaNet to the Princeton WordNet in order to unify the diverging representations for the use within a polylingual framework.
Cerebriform Giant Melanocytic Nevus of the Scalp: Report of Two Cases with Different Surgical Approaches
2002-01-01

Cerebriform giant melanocytic nevus of the scalp is an extremely rare malformation. Clinical appearance with maceration and fetor within the crypts and the risk of malignant transformation may require surgical therapy. We report two cases with different methods of surgical management. A 27-year-old woman noticed a swelling of the parietal scalp that developed over a period of 4 years into a gyrus-like tumor measuring 12 cm x 18 cm. The crypts between the gyri could not be inspected. Serial excisions under subcutaneous infusion anesthesia were performed to reduce the size of the nevus and to flatten the surface of the scalp. The second patient, a 26-year-old man, demonstrated a giant 10 cm x 10 cm cerebriform nevus on the occiput. The nevus also contained areas of fetid maceration. After implanting a tissue expander under general anesthesia the nevus was excised. The defect was closed using a rotation flap.
Isotope Fractionation of Toluene: A Perspective to Characterise MicrobialIn SituDegradation
2002-01-01

A concept to assess in situ biodegradation of organic contaminants in aquifers is presented. The alteration of the carbon isotope composition of contaminants along the groundwater flow path indicates microbial degradation processes and can be used as an indicator for in situ biodegradation. The Rayleigh equation was applied to calculate the percentage of the in situ biodegradation (B[%]) using the change in the isotopic composition of contaminants (R t /R 0 ) along the ground water flow path and a kinetic carbon isotope fractionation factor ( α C) derived from defined biodegradation experiments in the laboratory. When the groundwater hydrology is known and a representative source concentration (C 0 ) for a groundwater flow path can be determined, the extent of in situ biodegradation can be quantified.
Contrasting Effects of Long-Term Treatment with IFN-γ in Endothelial Cells: Increase in IL-6 Secretion Versus Decrease in IL-8 Secretion, NF-κB, and AP-1 Activation
2002-01-01

The benefit of neutrophil exclusion from type 1 T helper cell (TH1) inflammatory processes was demonstrated in clinical studies. Increased recruitment of lymphocytes and monocytes to endothelium and impaired recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) following interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment were described. The present study demonstrates that a 24 h treatment with IFN-gamma increases interleukin (IL)-6 release but reduces IL-8 secretion of both untreated and of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-stimulated endothelial cells (ECs), favoring the attraction of lymphocytes but not of neutrophils. Alteration of cytokine release was accompanied by reduced basal and TNF-alpha-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity. However, IFN-gamma application neither altered gene expression of both TNF-alpha receptors (p55 and p75) nor cellular density of TNF-alpha receptor-2 (p75). Therefore, immune-modulatory action of IFN-gamma seems to be mediated by signal transduction molecules.
Chronic Phase CML Patients Possess T Cells Capable of Recognising Autologous Tumour Cells
2002-01-01

Much circumstantial evidence points to the immunogenicity of chronic myloid leukemia (CML) cells, most impressively the well-established T cell-dependent GvL effect seen in bone marrow transplantation. However, only a small number of shared antigens expressed by CML cells have been identified as potential targets for T cell-mediated immune responses which might be exploited for immunotherapy. It may be that unique antigens expressed by individual tumours are more potent rejection antigens if the patient's own T cells could be encouraged to react against them. Work is reviewed here which documents that in vitro mixed cultures between autologous T cells and dendritic cells of chronic-phase CML patients can give rise to sensitised T cells capable of recognising the patient's tumour cells. Additionally, mixed autologous tumour cell/lymphocyte cultures, modified by the addition of cytokine cocktails, may also result in the generation of similarly sensitised T cells. These results could be exploited for adoptive immunotherapy, and possibly, after identification of the antigens recognised, also for active immunotherapy, i.e. including therapeutic vaccination.
Topological field chunking for German
2002-01-01

In this paper we compare three different approaches to the analysis of the basic structure in German sentences: the sentence brackets in the topological field framework in German (Hohle, 1986). The first approach is based on hand-written Finite-State Automata (FSA); the other two are trained on corpus data. One is a Probabilistic Context-Free Grammar (PCFG) approach, the other is a classification-based Memory-Based Learning (MBL) approach. The three approaches are evaluated on a manually annotated corpus. We will show that the Fβ=1 value for this task is around 94% for all three approaches, which suggests that this is a fruitful first step for parsing and analysing German text.
Nominalizations and temporal prepositions
2002-01-01

In this paper, we deal with the semantic interaction between ung-nominalizations of different event types and temporal prepositions like wiihrend 'during', vor 'before', nach 'after', bis 'until' and seit 'since'. According to the two-level-approach to selnantics (Bierwisch 1983, Bierwisch / Lang 1989), we will argue that the meaning of ten~poral prepositions is determined on the level of semantic form (SF). When combined with an event nominal, the period in time required by the preposition has to be inferred on the level of conceptual structure (CS). Very often, the exact nature of the period in time is determined by pragmatic factors. There are, however, some important restrictions to this inference procedure which rely on the event noun's Aktionsart. In Ehrich/Rapp (2000), it was claimed that eventive ungnominals inherit the Aktionsart of their base verb. This assumption receives strong support by the data presented in this paper.&#x0D;
Algorithms for SMP-clusters dense matrix-vector multiplication
2002-01-01

Clusters of symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) nodes are one of the most important parallel architectures now and in the future. The architecture consists of shared-memory nodes with multiple processors and a fast interconnection network between the nodes. New programming models try to exploit this architecture by using threads in the nodes and using message-passing-libraries for internode communication. In order to develop efficient algorithms it is necessary to consider the hybrid nature of the architecture and of the programming models. In this paper, we present a methodology for designing efficient algorithms for SMP-clusters on top of the ?NUMA-model. The ?NUMA-model is a computational model that extends the bulk-synchronous parallel (BSP) model with the characteristics of SMP-clusters. The ?NUMA-methodology is a top-down method, which suggests to develop an optimal overall algorithm by developing optimal algorithms for each level in the machine hierarchy. We use the problem of dense matrix-vector-multiplication for presentation. The theoretical results of our analysis are verified practically. We show results of experiments, which were made on a Linux-cluster of dual Pentium-III nodes.
Cytokine concentrations in the amniotic fluid during parturition at term: correlation to lower uterine segment values and to labor
2002-01-01

Background. In previous studies a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 concentrations in the lower uterine segment parallel to cervical dilatation at term could be found, however only a weak correlation to duration of labor was detected. This study compares amniotic fluid concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 with those in the lower uterine segment, and the duration of labor. Methods. Amniotic fluid and lower uterine segment specimens were obtained from 29 patients during cesarean section at term. The patients were divided into groups according to cervical dilatation (< 2 cm, 2–3.9 cm, 4–6 cm, > 6 cm) and to labor (0 h, > 0–12 h, > 12 h). Interleukin-6 and IL-8 concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Results. Amniotic fluid IL-6 already increased at 2–3.9 cm (p = 0.02), while the steepest increase in IL-8 was observed at > 6 cm (p = 0.003). No correlation with lower uterine segment values was observed for either of the cytokines. However, the amniotic fluid IL-6 concentration correlated with labor (p = 0.0008). Conclusion. The increase in the concentration of IL-6 in the amniotic fluid earlier than its increase in the lower uterine segment supports the hypothesis that IL-6 plays a crucial role for the promotion of labor in the first place, and afterwards for the biochemical degradation processes in the lower uterine segment. The fact that the greatest increase in IL-8 concentration occurs only at > 6 cm indicates that this chemotactic cytokine has only minor significance in the initiation of parturition by its concentration in the amniotic fluid.
Induction of anti-simian immunodeficiency virus cellular and humoral immune responses in rhesus macaques by peptide immunogens: correlation of CTL activity and reduction of cell-associated but not plasma virus load following challenge
2002-01-01

Lipopeptides which carry the N-terminal moiety tripalmitoyl- S -glyceryl-cysteinyl-seryl-seryl (P 3 CSS) have been shown to have effective adjuvant and transmembrane carrier properties. To test the ability of these constructs to immunize against simian immunodeficiency virus [(SIV) mac ] infection, rhesus macaques, prescreened for expression of the Mamu-A*01 MHC class I molecule, were immunized at regular intervals with lipopeptides corresponding to known SIV mac CTL epitopes alone or in combination with multiple antigenic peptides corresponding to neutralizing epitopes. Both humoral and CTL responses were elicited and the monkeys, along with non-immunized control animals, were challenged intravenously with 20 MID 50 of the homologous, uncloned SIV mac251-32H grown in rhesus monkey PBMC. Although none of the monkeys were protected from infection, most demonstrated an anamnestic CTL response with epitope-specific CTL precursor frequencies reaching as high as 1 in 20 total PBMC as measured by limiting dilution CTL assay or 25% of all CD8 + T-cells using tetrameric MHC-I/peptide complexes. A significant inverse correlation between the levels of CTLp and the number of infected cells in circulation was observed. However, no such correlation with the plasma viral load (RNA copies/ml) was evident.
<i>Pseudomonas Aeruginosa</i> Triggered Apoptosis of Human Epithelial Cells Depends on the Temperature During Infection
2002-01-01

The induction of apoptosis is a hallmark in many bacterial infections. Here, we show that the environmental temperature during infection influences P. aeruginosainduced apoptosis in human conjunctiva epithelial Chang cells. Infection with the clinical isolate P. aeruginosa762 at 37 degrees C resulted in a rapid induction of apoptosis within 30 min. Apoptosis was mediated by upregulation of CD95-receptor expression on the surface of the infected cells and depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPhim) as determined by FACS-analysis of immunostained cells or of cells loaded with the potential sensitive dye JC1 respectively. In contrast, P. aeruginosafailed to induce significant apoptosis and mitochondrial alterations at 22 degrees C. The loss of the apoptotic response at 22 degrees C correlated with the failure of the epithelial cells to upregulate CD95, while bacterial growth or secretion of bacterial exotoxins into the culture supernatant appeared to be not affected. From our data we conclude that P. aeruginosa762 induced apoptosis is dependent on the temperature during infection and that cellular pathways leading to CD95-upregulation are inhibited at low temperature.
Correlation between ST-T-Segment Changes with Markers of Hemostasis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
2002-01-01

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Disturbance of the hemostatic and the inflammatory system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Their markers have been shown to predict further coronary events in patients with ACS. The prognostic value of the admission electrocardiogram (ECG), which is commonly used to evaluate ischemia, was studied previously. We investigated the correlation between serum markers of the hemostatic/inflammatory system and ECG changes in ACS. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A standard 12-lead ECG was obtained from 85 patients with ACS on admission (0d). Markers of the hemostatic and inflammatory system were measured on admission and after 2 days (2d). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Patients with ST-T-changes had higher fibrinogen and thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) levels than patients without ECG alterations at both times (fibrinogen: 0d: 492 ± 38 vs. 357 ± 36 mg/dl, p &lt; 0.01; 2d: 633 ± 55 vs. 440 ± 50 mg/dl, p &lt; 0.02; TAT: 0d: 7.2 ± 1.3 vs. 3.6 ± 0.7 μg/l, p &lt; 0.05; 2d: 5.3 ± 0.9 vs. 3.2 ± 0.5 μg/l, p &lt; 0.05). Tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA) was elevated in patients with ECG changes initially (10.1 ± 0.6 vs. 7.2 ± 0.7 ng/ml, p &lt; 0.02). D-dimers, the acute-phase proteins C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and the soluble adhesion molecules showed no significance. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The data reveal a correlation between electrocardiographic changes and hemostasis in patients with ACS&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt; The association of myocardial damage and a disturbed hemostatic system might stratify patients who are at high risk of suffering further coronary events.
Development of a hybrid liver-support device
2002-01-01

The development of an extracorporeal hybrid liver-support system using hepatocytes and an artificial device has been long awaited for the treatment of patients with hepatic failure. During the past decade important progress has been made in biotechnology and bioengineering, and a hybrid liver-support device using metabolically active hepatocytes may well become a reality in the near future. This paper outlines recent developments in bioreactor systems used as bioartificial liver-support devices, and focuses on critical issues for bioreactor design, main transport features and culture techniques for hepatocytes. We describe our bioreactor, which uses porcine hepatocytes, and the scaling-up of the device. The biochemical performance of such a device is comparable to that of those developed by other researchers, and we feel encouraged to perform in vivo experiments on animal models in order to evaluate the potential of the device as a bioartificial liver.
Differential response of tumor cells and normal fibroblasts to fractionated combined treatment with topotecan and ionizing radiation
2002-01-01

Differential effects of combined topotecan/radiation treatment were detected between cells of normal tissue and tumor cells, being antagonistic in fibroblasts of the skin and lung, but not in tumor tissue, especially in glioblastoma cells.
The asymptotic behaviour of perturbed evolution families
2002-01-01

Given an evolution family on a Banach space , we present some conditions under which asymptotic properties of are stable under small perturbations by a family or , of linear closed operators on . Our results concern asymptotic properties like periodicity, (asymptotic) almost periodicity (even in the sense of Eberlein), uniform ergodicity and total uniform ergodicity. We present, moreover, an application of the abstract results to non-autonomous partial differential equations with delay.
The data-acquisition, processing and control system of a micromirror-based laser-scanning endoscope
2002-01-01

A novel endoscope device has been developed based on a new technology of laser scanning using silicon micromirrors for superior resolution and chromatic representation compared with the existing endoscopes. A critical part of this device, that is reported here, is the data- acquisition, control and processing (DACP) system which acquires, processes, displays, stores in real-time the collected images and handles the control signals. The software developed uses the multithreading technology for the parallel execution of specific software tasks in the available CPUs of the multiprocessing system employed. In this manner, the necessary computational power is provided for the realization of a high-performance realtime imaging system. First-trial results are also given.
Family interventions: empirical evidence of efficacy and open questions
2002-01-01

The development of psychoeducational and behavioral family intervention was inspired by the research of Brown and of Vaughn & Leff [6, 7, 30]. They found a correlation between the so-called "high expressed emotion behavior" in families of schizophrenic patients and the relapse rate of patients after discharge from hospital. Consequently, intervention strategies were developed to address family communication. The underlying assumption of these interventions strategies is that improved communication in the family may lead to a reduced stress level in the patient and therefore helps prevent relapses.
Stents: the future
2002-01-01

It has been less than a decade since the first commercial use of stents in the vascular system, yet today they are already a staple in any radiology suite. It is rare that a technology becomes so important so rapidly. As is often the case, sudden success brings the attention of many want-to-be entrepreneurs, quick to follow any great idea, perhaps not so quick to find new ones. In many ways, that is the current state of the art: a cluttered field intellectually littered with ideas, gadgets and gimmicks, somewhere within which lie tomorrow’s true breakthroughs.
Enhanced removal of herbicides by different in-site barrier-systems (GAC, FAC, anthracite, lignite coke) in slow sand filtration
2002-01-01

Improvement of artificial groundwater recharge via slow sand filtration combined with different in-site barrier-layers (activated carbons, anthracite, lignite coke) was tested. The micropollutant control of the systems achieve significant different pesticides reductions. Operation time depends on the micropore structure and site properties of the activated carbons (Sorption reactor) and reaches a calculated slow sand filter operation time of nearly 6 years (GAC). No distinct improvement of pesticide removal was observed by anthracite (biological reactor). Lignite coke was not used in pilot plant, because of its high pH-value during first 100 bed volumes.
Impact of stent design on clinical outcome after coronary stent implantation
2002-01-01

Coronary stents have considerably improved both immediate and late results after coronary angioplasty, by limiting elastic recoil and vascular remodeling, but their use does not eliminate restenosis, caused mainly by neointimal hyperplasia. Stents are now implanted in over 70% of percutaneous coronary interventions. More than 50 coronary stents have already been approved in Europe and over 20 stents are commercially available in the USA, raising the question: which device is best suitable for which lesion? Several in vitro experiments revealed significant differences in expansion characteristics of coronary stents, related to the strut design and metallic composition. Animal studies were performed to determine the influence of stent design on the patterns and extent of neointimal hyperplasia. However, the clinical results of randomized trials comparing stent types in humans have not always reflected laboratory findings. This article is a critical overview of experimental and clinical data concerning the impact of stent design on the early and late clinical outcome after coronary stent implantation.
Influence of rBAT-Mediated Amino Acid Transport on Cytosolic pH
2002-01-01

rBAT, together with its subunit b&lt;sup&gt;0,+&lt;/sup&gt; AT mediates the hetero- and homoexchange of neutral and dibasic amino acids. Since the heteroexchange of dibasic amino acids against neutral amino acids is coupled to net transport of positive charge, this transport is electrogenic. Extracellular addition of histidine could create an inward or an outward current depending on extracellular pH (pH&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;) and cell membrane potential. It has been concluded that histidine may be transported in both its protonated and its neutral form. In this study measurements of cytosolic pH (pH&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt;) were performed to test this hypothesis. As a result, addition of protonated histidine at acidic pH&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt; to &lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt; oocytes expressing rBAT creates an inward current which is paralleled by cytosolic acidification. Both can be reduced by increase of pH&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;. At alkaline pH&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt; and simultaneous depolarization of the cell membrane the effect of histidine on pH&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; is virtually abolished. The neutral amino acid leucine does not alter cytosolic pH at neither pH 6.0 nor at pH 8.0. In conclusion, histidine can be transported in either its neutral or its protonated form. Transport of the protonated form is facilitated by extracellular acidification and hyperpolarization of the cell membrane.
Drug-coated stents
2002-01-01

Drug-coated stents appear to be the most promising approach among all interventional strategies to prevent restenosis. These stents both suppress geometric remodeling and inhibit neointimal hyperplasia with a therapeutic agent. Animal studies and recent randomised clinical trials with sirolimus-eluting stents have achieved excellent results in the prevention of restenosis. These stents also have a good safety record and demonstrate a durable clinical benefit for patients at long-term follow-up. This article summarises experimental and clinical experiences with local drug delivery via a stent coating in the prevention of restenosis after coronary angioplasty, outlining the clinician's view of current trends.
Neural Networks Evaluating NMR Data:  An Approach To Visualize Similarities and Relationships of Sol−Gel Derived Inorganic−Organic and Organometallic Hybrid Polymers
2002-01-01

An artificial neural network (ANN)--the Kohonen Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOM)-is used to evaluate solid-state NMR spectroscopic derived data of 72 siloxane-based phosphine and organometallic functionalized hybrid polymers. The data set consists of parameters that describe their structural features and their dynamic behavior. The ANN visualizes similarities of the investigated compounds by reducing the dimension of the data set. This allows a comparison of these polymers that was not possible beforehand because of their structural diversity.
Shallow-Parsing Stylebook for German
2002-01-01

The presented system provides a shallow syntactic annotation for unre-stricted German text. It requires POS-annotated text and annotates the layers of chunks, topological fields and clauses. This stylebook gives an overview of the various categories annotated in those different layers. The method-ology of the annotation process is mentioned in those cases where it has an impact on the annotation scheme. Example sentences are taken from real language data, but were simplified where necessary. 1