julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Exercise-induced, persistent and generalized muscle cramps. A case report.
2002-03-01

We are reporting on a 46-year-old man who has suffered of muscle cramps for 4 years, occurring immediately after jogging and playing tennis and lasting for 7-8 hours. Repeated neurological, orthopedic, internal medical and endocrinological examinations showed no pathological findings. Physiotherapy, supplementation of fluids and electrolytes had no effect, nor did medication therapy with muscle relaxants. During spiroergometry without medication, there was an overproportional increase of heart rate and respiratory rate with delayed pCO2 increase after exercise with otherwise normal blood gas levels. This reaction was considerably reduced during spiroergometry under beta-blockade (metoprolol 100 mg); at the same time, the muscle cramps could no longer be induced. Both excessive respiratory regulation and direct hyperadrenergic stimulation should be discussed as the primary cause of the muscle cramps. According to recent findings, b-blockers with intrinsic sympathocomimetic activity should be avoided in therapy.
Shed human enterocytes as a tool for the study of expression and function of intestinal drug‐metabolizing enzymes and transporters
2002-03-01

Objectives Intestinal metabolism and transport are now recognized as protective barriers against orally ingested xenobiotics, including drugs. However, in vitro studies of the expression and function of intestinal proteins are hampered by the limited availability of human intestinal tissues. Because enterocytes are constantly shed in large numbers into the gut lumen, this study investigated whether these cells could be collected with a multilumen perfusion catheter and whether they are functionally active. Methods In healthy volunteers, a 20‐cm isolated jejunal segment was generated with the perfusion catheter by inflating 2 balloons with air. Shed cells were characterized by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis for leukocyte‐specific CD45 and enterocyte‐specific villin, as well as for apoptosis. Homogenates of the cells were used for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Cytochrome P450 enzyme activity was determined with the calcium channel blocker verapamil as a substrate. Results On average, 4.83 mg protein and 56.23 million cells were collected from a 20‐cm segment during 2 hours. A total of 84.2% of the cells were positive for enterocyte‐specific villin, and only 1.6% of the collected cells were positive for CD45. The majority of cells (65.3%) were not in early or late apoptosis or necrosis. In all volunteers, drug‐metabolizing enzymes (such as members of the cytochrome P450 family) could be detected as both messenger ribonucleic acid and proteins. Consistent with expression data, formation of verapamil metabolites catalyzed by CYP3A4 and CYP2C was shown. Conclusions The majority of shed human enterocytes collected with a multilumen perfusion catheter were still functionally active and not apoptotic. Harvesting of spontaneously shed enterocytes provides a new tool for studies on expression and function of intestinal proteins. Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics (2002) 71 , 131–140; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2002.121370
Evidence for Greater Oxidative Substrate Flexibility in Male Carriers of the Pro 12 Ala Polymorphism in PPARγ2
2002-03-01

The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2) gene is associated with reduced type 2 diabetes risk and increased insulin sensitivity. It is possible that the oxidative shift from lipid to glucose as a fuel is more efficient in Ala allele carriers. To test this hypothesis, we examined carbohydrate and lipid oxidation by indirect calorimetry in lean, glucose tolerant subjects with (X/Ala, n = 25) and without the Pro12Ala polymorphism (Pro/Pro, n = 73) basally and after insulin stimulation during a 2-hour eugylcaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Insulin sensitivity was non-significantly greater in X/Ala (0.13 +/- 0.01 micromol/kg/min/pM) than in Pro/Pro (0.12 +/- 0.01 micromol/kg/min/pM, p = 0.27). Basally, there were no lipid nor carbohydrate oxidation differences between the groups. Interestingly, the decrease in lipid oxidation during insulin stimulation was significantly greater in male X/Ala (- 0.51 +/- 0.06 mg/kg/min) than in male Pro/Pro (- 0.35 +/- 0.04 mg/kg/min, p = 0.03). No difference was observed in females. Analogously, the change in carbohydrate oxidation in male X/Ala (1.34 +/- 0.2 mg/kg/min) was significantly greater than in male Pro/Pro (1.03 +/- 0.12 mg/kg/min, p = 0.05). The respiratory quotient increased more, but not significantly more, in male X/Ala (0.11 +/- 0.01) than in male Pro/Pro subjects (0.08 +/- 0.01, p = 0.08) but similarly in females. These results indicate that the mechanism by which the Ala allele improves insulin sensitivity might involve enhanced suppression of lipid oxidation permitting more efficient (predominantly non-oxidative) glucose disposal. It is unclear why this could be demonstrated only in males, although gender differences in substrate oxidation are well documented.
Enhancement of Natural Killer Cell Activation and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity by Interferon-αand Interleukin-12 in Vaginal Mucosae SIVmac251-InfectedMacaca fascicularis
2002-03-01

We studied the innate immune system of Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) experimentally infected via the vaginal mucosae with a virulent simian immunodeficiency virus isolate SIVmac251. Animals were evaluated for their natural killer (NK) cell activity, and for their antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. NK cells from SIVmac251-infected macaques show impaired NK cell activity compared to cells from uninfected animals. Subsequent treatment of NK cells with interferon-a (IFN-alpha) or interleukin-12 (IL-12) alone partially restored the NK activity. However, either treatment of NK cells with both IFN-alpha and IL-12 completely reversed the impairment of cytotoxicity induced by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. Incubation of NK cells from infected but not from uninfected monkeys with IFN-alpha and IL-12 for 8 days increased the percentage of CD16+/CD56+ cells twofold to five-fold and enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. Thus IFN-alpha and IL-12 greatly enhance both the NK cell and ADCC activities of peripheral blood cells from SIVmac251-infected animals and increase the number of NK cells in longer term culture. The combined effect of IFN-alpha and IL-12 in enhancing NK cell activity may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the restoration of depressed NK cell activity observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients.
Caries risk analysis: considering caries as an individual time‐dependent process
2002-03-01

Summary. Aim .To estimate the probability that a tooth does not develop a cavitated lesion (= end‐stage caries) within time periods of interest. Additionally it was of interest to assess the heterogeneity between patients, in relation to the time periods required for their teeth to develop a cavitated lesion. Design .A prospective study using patient data of a clinical pedodontic course. Sample and methods .Forty‐one patients who had been followed for at least 3 years were selected. Before initiation of therapy, affiliation to a specific risk group was checked. Nine individuals who had belonged to a high‐risk group on test were excluded. Of 1968 teeth, 1378 were eligible for data evaluation. The statistical techniques applied originate from time‐to‐event analysis methods, including a parametric frailty approach providing estimates of the relative caries risk for each individual to develop a cavitated lesion. Results In the selected group of patients the probability that a tooth remained free of a cavitated lesion within five years ranged from 0·89 to 0·95 applying a 95% confidence interval. In the present sample the true caries risk of the patients to develop a cavitated lesion varied considerably although such variation was not expected from the individual examinations at baseline. Conclusion The frailty model accounts sufficiently for the heterogeneity of each patient. The applied time‐to‐event methods facilitated reliable estimation of both the probability that a tooth remains free of a cavitated lesion within a certain time and the relative caries risk of an individual to develop a cavitated lesion.
Application of wavelet transform to uterine electromyographic signals recorded using abdominal surface electrodes
2002-03-01

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the use of the wavelet transform technique to extract and display simultaneously the time, frequency and amplitude information corresponding to electromyographic (EMG) activity of the uterus during labor recorded using abdominal electrodes. Methods: Uterine EMG signals were recorded from patients in labor using three pairs of electrodes placed across the maternal abdomen. In all the patients uterine activity was also recorded either from an intrauterine pressure catheter (IUPC) or a tocodynamometer. The EMG signals were analyzed using spectral analysis and wavelet analysis. Results: Uterine EMG bursts corresponded with uterine activity measured with either the IUPC or the tocodynamometer. Using wavelet analysis a time-frequency-amplitude plot was obtained to separate out the frequency components relating to uterine EMG activity. Conclusion: This study showed that the wavelet transform could be a useful tool to study the uterine EMG activity. Continued studies on frequency content, amplitude and origin of uterine EMG activity could be helpful in understanding uterine contraction.
Bacterial Counts in Excised Tissue Predict Graft Take
2002-03-01

Journal Article Bacterial Counts in Excised Tissue Predict Graft Take Get access S. Wolf, BSc, S. Wolf, BSc 1Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany2Shriners Burns Institute, Galveston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Kraatz, MD, J. Kraatz, MD 1Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany2Shriners Burns Institute, Galveston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. P. Heggers, PhD, J. P. Heggers, PhD 1Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany2Shriners Burns Institute, Galveston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. E. Wolf, MD, FACS, S. E. Wolf, MD, FACS 1Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany2Shriners Burns Institute, Galveston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. N. Herndon, MD, FACS D. N. Herndon, MD, FACS 1Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany2Shriners Burns Institute, Galveston, TX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, Volume 23, Issue suppl_2, March-April 2002, Page S43, https://doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200203002-00005 Published: 01 March 2002
A rapid cytokinin response assay inArabidopsisindicates a role for phospholipase D in cytokinin signalling
2002-03-04

Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana harboring a fusion of the cytokinin‐responsive ARR5 gene promoter and the GUS reporter gene were used for a pharmacological approach to study cytokinin signal transduction. The assay was shown to be rapid, sensitive, dose‐dependent and highly specific for cytokinins, both adenine and phenylurea derivatives. Numerous inhibitors of known signalling pathways were tested and some were shown to suppress reporter gene induction. Particularly, primary alcohols that specifically inhibit phospholipase D (PLD) partially prevented cytokinin‐induced GUS activity and reduced the accumulation of ARR5 gene transcripts. This indicates a role for PLD early during cytokinin signalling.
Nuclear self-energy and realistic interactions
2002-03-04

The structure of nucleon self-energy in nuclear matter is evaluated for various realistic models of the nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction. Starting from the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation without the usual angle-average approximation, the effects of hole-hole contributions and a self-consistent treatment within the framework of the Green function approach are investigated. Special attention is paid to the predictions for the spectral function originating from various models of the NN interaction which all yield an accurate fit for the NN phase shifts.
ChemInform Abstract: Derivatives of Imidazoles. Part 43. Synthesis and Properties of 2‐Cyanimino‐1,3‐dimethylimidazoline.
2002-03-05

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Regulation by Polyamines of Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity and Cell Division in the Unicellular Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
2002-03-07

Polyamines are required for cell growth and cell division in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, biosynthesis of the commonly occurring polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) is dependent on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, EC 4.1.1.17) catalyzing the formation of putrescine, which is the precursor of the other two polyamines. In synchronized C. reinhardtii cultures, transition to the cell division phase was preceded by a 4-fold increase in ODC activity and a 10- and a 20-fold increase, respectively, in the putrescine and spermidine levels. Spermine, however, could not be detected in C. reinhardtii cells. Exogenous polyamines caused a decrease in ODC activity. Addition of spermine, but not of spermidine or putrescine, abolished the transition to the cell division phase when applied 7 to 8 h after beginning of the light (growth) phase. Most of the cells had already doubled their cell mass after this growth period. The spermine-induced cell cycle arrest could be overcome by subsequent addition of spermidine or putrescine. The conclusion that spermine affects cell division via a decreased spermidine level was corroborated by the findings that spermine caused a decrease in the putrescine and spermidine levels and that cell divisions also could be prevented by inhibitors of S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase, respectively, added 8 h after beginning of the growth period. Because protein synthesis was not decreased by addition of spermine under our experimental conditions, we conclude that spermidine affects the transition to the cell division phase directly rather than via protein biosynthesis.
Erucylphosphocholine-induced apoptosis in chemoresistant glioblastoma cell lines: involvement of caspase activation and mitochondrial alterations.
2002-03-12

Intrinsic chemoresistance constitutes a major problem in the therapy of malignant gliomas. In vitro experiments with four astrocytoma/glioblastoma (AC/GBM) cell lines revealed that the chemoresistance of two cell lines, A172 and T98G, to cisplatin and etoposide was due to resistance to drug-induced apoptosis. In contrast, all the AC/GBM cell lines tested were sensitive to treatment with the lipophilic ether lipid erucylphosphocholine, ErPC. ErPC-induced apoptosis was independent of wild-type p53-signaling and triggering of the CD95/CD95 ligand (CD95L) system. Inhibition of protein and RNA synthesis by cycloheximide and actinomycin D did not abrogate ErPC-induced apoptosis. However, expression of members of the bcl-2 protein family was modulated during ErPC treatment. Activation of caspase 3 and mitochondrial alterations were central to ErPC-induced apoptosis. We conclude that ErPC-induced activation of the mitochondrial pathway enables cell death in the chemoresistant AC/GBM cells.
Identification by suppression subtractive hybridization of p21 as a radio-inducible gene in human glioma cells.
2002-03-12

Irradiation induces p21 mRNA expression in a strictly p53-dependent manner and may only enhance the expression of a limited number of genes in glioma cells. We conclude that the identification of radio-inducible genomic sequences suitable for radio-gene therapy may turn out to be difficult.
ChemInform Abstract: Interconversion of Chiral Molecules in Interstellar Space.
2002-03-12

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The allograft inflammatory factor‐1 family of proteins
2002-03-13

The allograft inflammatory factor‐1 (AIF‐1) is a 17 kDa interferon‐γ‐inducible Ca 2+ ‐binding EF‐hand protein that is encoded within the HLA class III genomic region. Three proteins are probably identical with AIF‐1 termed Iba1 (ionized Ca 2+ ‐binding adapter), MRF‐1 (microglia response factor) and daintain. Considerable but not complete sequence identity with AIF‐1 has been described for IRT‐1 (interferon‐responsive transcript), BART‐1 (balloon angioplasty‐responsive transcript), and other, yet unassigned alternatively spliced variants. In this review, genomic and functional characteristics of AIF‐1‐related proteins are summarized and a common nomenclature is proposed.
Perturbations of existence families for abstract Cauchy problems
2002-03-13

In this paper, we establish Desch-Schappacher type multiplicative and additive perturbation theorems for existence families for arbitrary order abstract Cauchy problems in a Banach space: ; . As a consequence, we obtain such perturbation results for regularized semigroups and regularized cosine operator functions. An example is also given to illustrate possible applications.
Role of P53 and MDM2 in Treatment Response of Human Germ Cell Tumors
2002-03-15

PURPOSE: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) of adolescents and adults are very sensitive to systemic treatment. The exquisite chemosensitivity of these cancers has been attributed to a high level of wild-type P53. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To clarify the role of P53 in treatment sensitivity and resistance of TGCTs, we performed immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis on a series of 39 fresh-frozen primary TGCTs before therapy (unselected series). In a series of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded TGCTs of patients with fully documented clinical course, including treatment-sensitive (n = 17) and -resistant (n = 18) tumors, P53 status was assessed by immunohistochemistry and mutation analysis. In addition, the involvement of MDM2, a P53 antagonist, was investigated by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry demonstrated absence of staining for P53 in 36%, 41%, and 17% of the unselected, responding, and nonresponding TGCTs, respectively. Of the positive TGCTs, most tumors, ie, 49%, 41%, and 33%, showed 1% to 10% positive nuclei. This overall low level of P53 was confirmed by Western blotting. Mutation analysis revealed only one silent P53 mutation in one of the responding patients. All embryonal carcinomas were homogeneously positive for MDM2, encoded by the full length mRNA, while a heterogeneous pattern was found for the other histologic components. Amplification of MDM2 was detected in one out of 12 embryonal carcinomas. CONCLUSION: Although our results are in line with previous findings of the presence of wild-type P53 in TGCTs, they show that a high level of P53 does not relate directly to treatment sensitivity of these tumors, and inactivation of P53 is not a common event in the development of cisplatin resistance.
Prevention of irradiation-induced glioma cell invasion by temozolomide involves caspase 3 activity and cleavage of focal adhesion kinase.
2002-03-15

Sublethal doses of irradiation enhance the invasiveness of human malignantglioma cells. This can be inhibited by subtoxic concentrations of temozolomide (TMZ) but not by lomustine. Antagonism of irradiation-induced motility by TMZ is associated with the prevention of irradiation-induced alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and MT1-matrix metalloproteinase-expression. Irradiation induces focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation by phosphorylation, whereas TMZ promotes FAK cleavage. Inhibition of caspases prevents TMZ-induced FAK processing and restores the promigratory effect of irradiation, suggesting that the resistance of glioma cells to irradiation-induced caspase processing may determine the invasive responses of glioma cells to irradiation. In contrast, DAOY medulloblastoma cells, which respond with caspase activation to irradiation alone, do not show enhanced invasiveness when irradiated.
Formation of Bicyclic Ethers from Lewis Acid Promoted Cyclizations of Cyclic Oxonium Ions
2002-03-19

Oxacycles carrying a vinyl group and an acetal were extended with a cyclization terminator (vinyl silane or vinyl sulfide) by Suzuki coupling. Treatment with Lewis acid induced cyclization to provide bicyclic ethers in reasonable yields. In the case of the vinyl silane, an ene-like mechanism is preferred, whereas the thioenol ether enters into a Prins-type reaction channel. In one instance, the bicyclic compound was opened to give the ten-membered functionalized enone 24. [reaction: see text]
Aqueous Polyketone Latices Prepared with Water-Insoluble Palladium(II) Catalysts
2002-03-19

Alternating copolymerization of carbon monoxide with ethylene or 1-olefins in aqueous emulsion by water-insoluble palladium(II) complexes is reported. Latices of aliphatic polyketones(1-olefin/CO copolymers and ethylene/undec-10-enoic acid/CO terpolymers), prepared by catalytic polymerization, are described for the first time. An in situ catalyst system [{R2P(CH2)3PR2}Pd(OAc)2]/strong acid (R = Ph or (CH2)13CH3) or well-defined complexes [{Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2}PdMe(NCCH3)]+Y-(Y- = [B{3,5-(F3C)2C6H3}4]- or SbF6-) were used in the form of a solution of the palladium(II) complex in miniemulsion droplets of a hydrocarbon dispersed in the continuous aqueous phase. Catalyst activities of up to 5 X 103 TO h-1 slightly exceed those of nonaqueous polymerizations in methanol with the same catalysts. Polymer molecular weights (GPC vs PMMA standards) are typically Mw 2 X 105 (ethylene copolymers) respectively Mw 2 X 104 (1-olefin copolymers) with Mw/Mn 2-4. The 1-olefin copolymers exhibit glass transition temperatures of Tg = +10 to -55°C, which is in the range desirable for latex applications.
Expectation values of four-quark operators in pions
2002-03-19

The values of four-quark operators averaged over pions are expressed through those averaged over vacuum. The specific values are obtained in the framework of the factorization assumption. For the condensates of the light quarks of the same flavour the scalar condensate is shown to be an order of magnitude larger than the other ones. The condensates containing the strange quarks appear to be only about twice smaller than those of the light quarks. The degeneracy of the ground state in the Nambu--Jona--Lasinio model is shown explicitly.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthetic Capacities of Actinomycetes. Part 23. Bagremycin A and B, Novel Antibiotics from Streptomyces sp. Tue 4128.
2002-03-19

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.