julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
What’s Going On With Me and How Can I Better Manage My Health? The Potential of GPT-4 to Transform Discharge Letters Into Patient-Centered Letters to Enhance Patient Safety: Prospective, Exploratory Study
2024-11-29

Background For hospitalized patients, the discharge letter serves as a crucial source of medical information, outlining important discharge instructions and health management tasks. However, these letters are often written in professional jargon, making them difficult for patients with limited medical knowledge to understand. Large language models, such as GPT, have the potential to transform these discharge summaries into patient-friendly letters, improving accessibility and understanding. Objective This study aims to use GPT-4 to convert discharge letters into more readable patient-centered letters. We evaluated how effectively and comprehensively GPT-4 identified and transferred patient safety–relevant information from the discharge letters to the transformed patient letters. Methods Three discharge letters were created based on common medical conditions, containing 72 patient safety–relevant pieces of information, referred to as “learning objectives.” GPT-4 was prompted to transform these discharge letters into patient-centered letters. The resulting patient letters were analyzed for medical accuracy, patient centricity, and the ability to identify and translate the learning objectives. Bloom’s taxonomy was applied to analyze and categorize the learning objectives. Results GPT-4 addressed the majority (56/72, 78%) of the learning objectives from the discharge letters. However, 11 of the 72 (15%) learning objectives were not included in the majority of the patient-centered letters. A qualitative analysis based on Bloom’s taxonomy revealed that learning objectives in the “Understand” category (9/11) were more frequently omitted than those in the “Remember” category (2/11). Most of the missing learning objectives were related to the content field of “prevention of complications.” By contrast, learning objectives regarding “lifestyle” and “organizational” aspects were addressed more frequently. Medical errors were found in a small proportion of sentences (31/787, 3.9%). In terms of patient centricity, the patient-centered letters demonstrated better readability than the discharge letters. Compared with discharge letters, they included fewer medical terms (132/860, 15.3%, vs 165/273, 60/4%), fewer abbreviations (43/860, 5%, vs 49/273, 17.9%), and more explanations of medical terms (121/131, 92.4%, vs 0/165, 0%). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that GPT-4 has the potential to transform discharge letters into more patient-centered communication. While the readability and patient centricity of the transformed letters are well-established, they do not fully address all patient safety–relevant information, resulting in the omission of key aspects. Further optimization of prompt engineering may help address this issue and improve the completeness of the transformation.
Premerger Phenomena in Neutron Star Binary Coalescences
2024-11-29

A variety of high-energy events can take place in the seconds leading up to a binary neutron star merger. Mechanisms involving tidal resonances, electrodynamic interactions, or shocks in mass-loaded wakes have been proposed as instigators of these precursors. With a view of gravitational-wave and multimessenger astrophysics, more broadly, premerger observations and theory are reviewed, emphasising how gamma-ray precursors and dynamical tides can constrain the neutron-star equation of state, thermodynamic microphysics, and evolutionary pathways. Connections to post-merger phenomena, notably gamma-ray bursts, are discussed together with how magnetic fields, spin and misalignment, crustal elasticity, and stratification gradients impact observables.
Reliability of Automated RECIST 1.1 and Volumetric RECIST Target Lesion Response Evaluation in Follow-Up CT—A Multi-Center, Multi-Observer Reading Study
2024-11-29

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of a custom-made convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm for fully automated lesion tracking and segmentation, as well as RECIST 1.1 evaluation, in longitudinal computed tomography (CT) studies compared to a manual Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1) evaluation performed by three radiologists. Methods: Baseline and follow-up CTs of patients with stage IV melanoma (n = 58) was investigated in a retrospective reading study. Three radiologists performed manual measurements of metastatic lesions. Fully automated segmentations were generated, and diameters and volumes were computed from the segmentation results, with subsequent RECIST 1.1 evaluation. We measured (1) the intra- and inter-reader variability in the manual diameter measurements, (2) the agreement between manual and automated diameter measurements, as well as the resulting RECIST 1.1 categories, and (3) the agreement between the RECIST 1.1 categories derived from automated diameter measurement compared to automated volume measurements. Results: In total, 114 target lesions were measured at baseline and follow-up. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the intra- and inter-reader reliability of the diameter measurements were excellent, being &gt;0.90 for all readers. There was moderate to almost perfect agreement when comparing the timepoint response category derived from the mean manual diameter measurements from all three readers with those derived from automated diameter measurements (Cohen’s k 0.67–0.76). The agreement between the manual and automated volumetric timepoint responses was substantial (Fleiss’ k 0.66–0.68) and that between the automated diameter and volume timepoint responses was substantial to almost perfect (Cohen’s k 0.81). Conclusions: The automated diameter measurement of preselected target lesions in follow-up CT is reliable and can potentially help to accelerate RECIST evaluation.
Wherefore art thou competitors? How situational affordances help differentiate among prosociality, individualism, and competition
2024-11-29

The Triple Dominance Measure (choosing between prosocial, individualistic, and competitive options) and the Slider Measure (“sliding” between various orientations, for example, from individualistic to prosocial) are two widely used techniques to measure social value orientation, that is, the weight individuals assign to own and others’ outcomes in interdependent situations. Surprisingly, there is only moderate correspondence between these measures, but it is unclear why and what the implications are for identifying individual differences in social value orientation. Using a dataset of 8021 participants from 31 countries and regions, this study revealed that the Slider Measure identified fewer competitors than the Triple Dominance Measure, accounting for approximately one-third of the non-correspondence between the two measures. This is (partially) because many of the Slider items do not afford a competitive option. In items where competition is combined with individualism, competitors tended to make the same choices as individualists. Futhermore, we demonstrated the uniqueness of competitors. Compared to prosocials and individualists, competitors exhibited lower levels of both social mindfulness and trust. Overall, the present work highlights the importance of situational affordances in measuring personality, the benefits of distinguishing between individualists and competitors, and the importance of utilizing a measure that distinguishes between these two proself orientations.
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals FGF12 as a prognostic biomarker in low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma
2024-11-29

Background Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS) is a rare uterine malignancy characterized by its complex tumor microenvironment (TME) and high recurrence rates, posing challenges to accurate prognosis and effective treatment. Identifying prognostic biomarkers is essential for improving patient stratification and guiding therapeutic strategies. Methods Using single-cell transcriptome analysis combined with H&amp;amp;E and multiplex immunofluorescence staining, we identified a subpopulation of tumor cells in LG-ESS and further validated the association of this subpopulation and its characteristic genes with LG-ESS prognosis by molecular characterization and bulk transcriptome data. Results Our analysis reveals multiple cellular subpopulations within the tumor tissue, particularly a tumor cell subpopulation among them which is associated with poor prognosis. Originating from normal stromal fibroblasts, this subpopulation appears to play a crucial role in TME remodeling, smooth muscle cell behavior, and potentially in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Of particular interest in this subpopulation is the highly expressed FGF12 gene, which is significantly associated with a shortened survival in ESS, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Conclusion Our study reveals the complexity of TME within the LG-ESS and highlights the role that tumor cell subpopulations play in disease progression and patient prognosis. The identification of FGF12 as a prognostic biomarker suggests a new approach for the personalized treatment and prognosis monitoring of patients.
Pliocene to modern sediment routing in the Aare valley: implications for sediment recycling
2024-11-29

Abstract Rivers transport sediment from source to sink, forming an essential part of sediment routing systems. Sediment generation is often assumed to be focused on the upstream reaches of mountainous rivers, characterized by high topographic gradients and high denudation rates. However, sediment recycling from uplifted and incised basin fills with relatively low topography, for example in foreland basins, may contribute significant amounts of material to the sediment cascade. Identifying and quantifying sediment recycling from such lowlands, however, is complicated by the lack of proxies sensitive to sediment recycling. Nevertheless, it is a crucial task in sedimentary system analysis, because any interpretation of allogenic or autogenic factors that control sediment dynamics in sedimentary systems strongly depends on where and how sediment is generated. We here present a sedimentary provenance study on the Aare river, a tributary to the Rhine river, which is sourced in the Swiss Alps and drains the Alpine foreland basin fill in its middle and lower reaches. Using garnet geochemistry as a proxy, the sediment sources in the Aare catchment can be precisely determined. We show that the modern Aare river carries garnet types incompatible with the crystalline rocks outcropping in the present-day catchment area, but compatible with Miocene sandstones of the foreland basin fill. By comparing modern-day fluvial sediment to Pleistocene and Pliocene paleo-Aare deposits we show that recycling from the foreland basin has been a dominant sediment generation process since the onset of the Pleistocene glaciation and the incision of river valleys. Instead, garnet compositions in a Pliocene terrace are more compatible with sediment sources in the Alpine crystalline core, pointing towards first-cycle sediment. Our study further emphasizes that (1) sediment recycling can be identified using appropriate provenance proxies, (2) provenance data are crucial to understanding the sediment dynamics and drainage evolution in Alpine river valleys, and (3) recycling from lowland basin fills may be a significant source of sediment that should be considered to prevent erroneous provenance interpretations.
Trans-saccadic integration for object recognition peters out with pre-saccadic object eccentricity as target-directed saccades become more saliency-driven
2024-11-29

Bringing objects from peripheral locations to fovea via saccades facilitates their recognition. Human observers integrate pre- and post-saccadic information for recognition. This integration has only been investigated using instructed saccades to prescribed locations. Typically, the target has a fixed pre-saccadic location in an uncluttered scene and is viewed by a pre-determined post-saccadic duration. Consequently, whether trans-saccadic integration is limited or absent when the pre-saccadic target eccentricity is too large in cluttered scenes in unknown. Our study revealed this limit during visual exploration, when observers decided themselves when and to where to make their saccades. We asked thirty observers (400 trials each) to find and report as quickly as possible a target amongst 404 non-targets in an image spanning 57.3°×33.8° in visual angle. We measured the target's pre-saccadic eccentricity e, the duration T<sub>pre</sub> of the fixation before the saccade, and the post-saccadic foveal viewing duration T<sub>post</sub>. This T<sub>post</sub> increased with e before starting to saturate around eccentricity e<sub>p</sub>=10°-20°. Meanwhile, T<sub>pre</sub> increased much more slowly with e and started decreasing before e<sub>p</sub>. These observations imply the following at sufficiently large pre-saccadic eccentricities: the trans-saccadic integration ceases, target recognition relies exclusively on post-saccadic foveal vision, decision to saccade to the target relies exclusively on target saliency rather than identification. These implications should be applicable to general behavior, although e<sub>p</sub> should depend on object and scene properties. They are consistent with the Central-peripheral Dichotomy that central and peripheral vision are specialized for seeing and looking, respectively.
Process evaluation of a health- and fitness-related physical education program
2024-11-29

Abstract Objective The aim of this process evaluation study was to investigate fidelity, acceptance, applicability and movement time with respect to the health- and fitness-related GEKOS program ( Förderung bewegungsbezogener Gesundheitskompetenz im Sportunterricht ) linking theory and practice in physical education. Methods Fidelity was investigated by observation, self-report forms and poster documentations. Applicability and students’ ( n = 472) and teachers’ ( n = 27) acceptance were examined by qualitative interviews and surveys directly after the GEKOS program. Movement time was assessed using accelerometer data and compared to students’ ( n = 369) movement time in regular physical education classes. Results Overall, fidelity was high and statements in the interviews and surveys with regard to applicability and acceptance were heterogeneous. Particularly critical was the low net movement time, which was assessed using device-based accelerometer data. Conclusion The results allowed us to identify barriers such as standardization and facilitators such as teachers’ acceptance of teaching student-centered approaches. Therefore, flexibility in the delivery of programs and the balance between net time moving and theoretical cognitive activating content in PE need to be discussed further in terms of long-term implementation of such a program.
Sharp volume and multiplicity bounds for Fano simplices
2024-11-29

Abstract We present sharp upper bounds on the volume, Mahler volume and multiplicity for Fano simplices depending on the dimension and Gorenstein index. These bounds rely on the interplay between lattice simplices and unit fraction partitions. Moreover, we present an efficient procedure for explicitly classifying Fano simplices of any dimension and Gorenstein index, and we carry out the classification up to dimension four for various Gorenstein indices.
Historical plague pandemics: perspectives from ancient DNA
2024-11-29

Ancient DNA research has provided important insights into the evolutionary history of Yersinia pestis during the historical plague pandemics. Future work should prioritise a more diversified approach to sampling, to ensure a broader understanding of the factors underlying pandemic onset, spread, and impact across different regions and hosts.
Open Borders – Open Wounds: The Ambivalence of Pain and Narration in Salvador Plascencia’s The People of Paper
2024-11-29

Abstract Salvador Plascencia’s The People of Paper (2005) tells the story of borderland characters moving between fictionalised versions of Guadalajara, Mexico, and the city of El Monte in the United States. This essay argues that the novel evades reductive readings within a simplistic framework of ‘Latinx fiction’ by rendering an aesthetic register of ambiguity and ambivalence, and a narrative politics of openness. The book is not only a metafictional comment on the nature of storytelling in general, but also on the dilemma of telling borderland stories within overdetermined political contexts. Plascencia uses allusive imagery from the political realities of the borderland (trauma, wounds, the border as dividing line) to highlight the symbolic indeterminacies of physical and abstract borders and their crossings, and about the political ambivalences that necessarily accompany such an endeavour. The essay focusses especially on how the novel navigates its speculative landscapes and the dissolution of geopolitical boundaries in a metafictional mode which self-consciously acknowledges the dangers inherent in the aestheticisation of historically situated suffering.
Of Whales and Mushrooms: Anna Tsing’s and John Ironmonger’s Polyphonic Storytelling
2024-11-29

Abstract Growing discontent with the ideological formations of Hobbesian self-interest and capitalist progress narratives are countered in Anna Tsing’s The Mushroom at the End of the World (2015) and John Ironmonger’s The Whale at the End of the World ([2015] 2021) through the use of Bakhtinian polyphony which textually manifests collaborative survival. The converging narrative strategies of these books reshape the fiction/non-fiction boundary from opposite ends of the literature/science writing spectrum.
Aristotle on the Essence of Human Thought
2024-11-29

Abstract This book is concerned with Aristotle’s definition of the human capacity for rational thinking (nous) offered in De anima. For Aristotle, nous is the principle, and ultimate explanans, of all the phenomena of human thinking. The book presents an in-depth interpretation of De anima III 4–8 as a single and coherent philosophical argument. More specifically, the book argues for the following views: (i) Rationalism. Humans come to know the world via two fundamentally different cognitive powers: nous and perception. They are fundamentally different cognitive powers because the nature of their corresponding object is fundamentally different; (ii) Essentialism. The human power for thinking is defined as a capacity for directly grasping the essences of everything there is, including itself. It is this very capacity that Aristotle shows to be the principle of all other kinds of human thinking; (iii) Separatism. Human nous is unmixed with the body, has no dedicated bodily organ, and is separable from the body. As a result, it cannot be assimilated to any of the other parts of the soul. While nous belongs to our essence as human beings, it is not part of the natural world; (iv) Embeddedness in the cognitive soul. Human nous is embedded in a cognitive soul. Among other things, this means that the distinctive activity of human nous—thinking—can only take place in the context of a larger set of activities which are common to the body and the soul.
High iASPP (PPP1R13L) expression is an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
2024-11-30

Abstract Apoptosis-stimulating proteins of p53 (ASPPs) are a family of proteins that modulate key tumor suppressor pathways via direct interaction with p53. Deregulation of these proteins promotes cancer development and impairs sensitivity to systemic (chemo)therapy and radiation. In this study, we describe that the inhibitor of ASPP (iASPP) is frequently highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and that overexpression correlates with a poor clinical outcome. Four independent patient cohorts comprising about 1500 patient samples were analysed and consistently confirm an association of high iASPP expression with unfavourable clinical characteristics and shorter survival. Notably, the predictive role of iASPP is independent of, and adds information to, the European LeukemiaNET (ELN) risk classification. iASPP -interference cell models were developed to investigate the underlying functional aspects of iASPP in AML biology. Attenuation of iASPP expression resulted in reduced proliferation rates of leukemic blasts and rendered cells more susceptible towards induction of apoptosis in response to cytotoxic therapy. In line, independent NSG xenograft mouse experiments demonstrate that attenuation of iASPP results in a significant delay of disease onset and tumor burden and this translates to longer overall survival of mice. In conclusion, deregulation of iASPP has direct functional consequences in AML. Determination of iASPP expression levels provides valuable additional information as a predictive marker in AML and may guide treatment decisions.
Advanced aspects of acetogens
2024-12-01

Acetogens are a diverse group of anaerobic bacteria that are capable of carbon dioxide reduction and have for long fascinated scientists due to their unique metabolic prowess. Historically, acetogens have been recognized for their remarkable ability to grow and to produce acetate from different one-carbon sources, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, formate, methanol, and methylated organic compounds. The key metabolic pathway in acetogens responsible for converting these one-carbon sources is the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the latest discoveries that are related to acetogens. It delves into a variety of topics, including newly isolated acetogens, their taxonomy and physiology and highlights novel metabolic properties. Additionally, it explores metabolic engineering strategies that are designed to expand the product range of acetogens or to understand specific traits of their metabolism. Lastly, the review presents innovative gas fermentation techniques within the context of industrial applications.