julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Development of an oral cancer recurrence mouse model after surgical resection
2010-03-01

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are frequent epithelial malignancies and afflicted with a poor prognosis. The majority of these cancers are treated with surgical resection and local recurrences are predominantly responsible for a fatal outcome. In order to provide a better understanding of the development of these local recurrences after surgical ablation, we developed an orthotopic floor-of-mouth squamous cell carcinoma murine model, in which local recurrences occur at a high frequency (55%, 8 out of 15 mice) within 6-21 days after microsurgical removal of the primary. Expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in the cancer cells allows in this new model to confirm complete surgical resection under the microscope and helps to track repopulating primary tumor cells in the local recurrence by optical imaging. In addition the model resembles all typical features of invasive head and neck cancers including the formation of lymph node metastasis and local infiltration.
Towards assertion-based verification of heterogeneous system designs
2010-03-01

In this paper a comprehensive assertion-based verification methodology for the digital, analog and software domain of heterogeneous systems is presented. The proposed methodology combines a novel mixed-signal assertion language and the corresponding automatic verification algorithm. The algorithm translates the heterogeneous temporal properties into observer automata for a semi-formal verification. This enables automatic verification of complex heterogeneous properties that can not be verified by existing approaches. The experimental results show the integration of mixed-signal assertions into a simulation environment and demonstrate the broad applicability and the high value of the evolved solution.
Dual-Energy Computed Tomography
2010-03-01

Dual-energy mixed images offer an image quality comparable to SE images within the central FoV at comparable dose levels. In the peripheral FoV, image quality is decreased. By optimizing the composition ratio in the DE mixed images, higher CNRs than in the SE images can be achieved, leading to a dose reduction potential.
Platelets, Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases. New Concepts and Therapeutic Implications
2010-03-01

Platelets play a critical role in hemostasis and thrombosis. The role of platelets in hemostasis, clinically relevant bleeding resulting from defects and/or deficiencies in platelets and/or platelet components, and the diagnosis of such defects was the subject of a previous recent issue of Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] That platelets are of considerable interest to readers of this journal can also be highlighted by the popularity of a previous review published here, “Platelets: Physiology and Biochemistry.[14] Published in 2005, this article was included in the top-20 most popular article listings from this journal in three separate years, 2005, 2006, and 2007,[15] and was also subsequently awarded one of the inaugural (2009) Eberhard F. Mammen awards for most popular articles.[16]
Signs of Change? An Analysis of Taiwan's December 2009 Local Elections
2010-03-01

Under special circumstances created by a government decision to partly merge and upgrade six counties and county-level cities to special municipality status, local elections took place on December 5, 2009 in areas covering less than half of Taiwan's population. The results are generally seen as an important, though small, victory for the opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). The ruling Kuomintang (KMT) (Guomindang), however, has remained in a stable position, while the DPP still has a long way to go towards a comeback.
Modulating Immune Responses and Inflammation
2010-03-01

New disease-modifying therapeutic options for immune diseases in general and immune-related cardiovascular diseases are urgently needed. Various innovative therapies are currently developed ranging from small molecules and natural compounds to biopharmaceuticals. This article summarizes the overview of possible points of intervention for an ongoing immune response and lists examples of currently developed therapeutic exploitations of these targets. Research and development for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in general will most likely be fruitful also for therapy of immune-related cardiovascular diseases such as myocarditis and atherosclerosis and should be closely followed by research groups focused on cardiovascular immunology.
Simulation-based verification of the MOST NetInterface specification revision 3.0
2010-03-01

Design and specification errors are hard to find in the traditional automotive system design flow. Consequently, these errors may be detected very late e.g. in a hardware prototype or even worse in the final product. In order to allow the verification of distributed embedded systems in early design phases, this work proposes a flexible and efficient virtual prototyping approach in order to check the consistency of system specifications. Our virtual prototyping approach has been applied to the Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) specification revision 3.0 and verifies the influence of two newly specified algorithms, namely Ring Break Diagnosis and Sudden Signal Off detection, with respect to numerous network configurations. In total we have verified the specification using more than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> automatically generated network configurations. The overall costs for network modelling and verification compared to cost-expensive error detection and correction at later design phases have been significantly reduced.
Anatomical correlate of positive spontaneous visual phenomena – a voxelwise lesion study
2010-03-01

Objectives: Visual phenomena such as phosphenes, photopsias or complex visual hallucinations occur in patients with lesions affecting the occipital, parietal or temporal lobe. Whether these phenomena are provoked by lesions in specific anatomical regions is still uncertain. To determine which brain regions might be involved in such visual phenomena, we used new brain imaging and lesion analysis tools that allow a direct comparison with control patients.
Visual Motion Analysis for 3D Robot Navigation in Dynamic Environments
2010-03-01

This chapter concentrates on visual motion analysis for the safe navigation of mobile robots in dynamic environment. The aim is to build one of the important navigation abilities for robot systems: the detection of obstacles for collision avoidance during the 3D autonomous flight of UAVs. In dynamic environment, not only the robot itself but also some other objects are moving. With the proposed approach, we have shown a robot vision system capable of understanding the natural environment, analyzing the different motions and making appropriate decisions. Most motion estimation algorithms work well with perfect image flow measurement but are very sensitive to noise and outliers. To overcome this problem, we have designed a complete computational procedure for robust 3D motion/structure recovery. A well-known image flow algorithm has been extended and improved for the robust detection of image flow vectors. In order to estimate the camera motion, we proposed a novel approach for the separation of independent motion and removal of outliers. The motion parameters of the camera and the 3D position and orientation of scene points are then recovered using a linear estimation approach. With the output of our visual motion analysis, we are able to facilitate a flying platform with obstacle detection and avoidance ability. As a result, safe and autonomous navigation of UAV systems can be achieved.
Germanistik in Lateinamerika (Argentinien): Zwischen Überlebenskampf und neuen Herausforderungen zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts1
2010-03-01

Using Argentina as representative for Latin America, this essay lays out the situation of German instruction at the post‐secondary level. A general description of German curricula at Argentinian universities is provided, with special emphasis on the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, one of the most important universities in providing translators, teachers and researchers. Since the number of students has been in steady decline, the author proposes changes in university curricula and in the administrative policies of German‐language schools. Latin American Germanists are encouraged to make more use of their out‐standing comparative perspective on the field, an advantage which may also be applied to undergraduate curricula. Finally, more exchange could take place concerning research in Germany, Latin America and between (Latin) American countries.
Temporal dynamics of motor integration in Parkinson's disease: towards a concept of time-frequency coding in cortico-basal networks
2010-03-01

Introduction. Intraoperative recordings of oscillatory activity from the left subthalamic nucleus (STN), EEG and right forearm EMG (flexor digitorum muscle (FD), extensor digitorum muscle (ED)) were performed in six PD patients during surgery for STN-DBS in order to comprehensively study temporal dynamics of motor integration in distributed networks including STN, M1, and contralateral effector muscles.
Mechanisms for regulation of brain mitochondria by extramitochondrial Ca2+ as new targets of neurodegeneration
2010-03-01

Due to complex interactions between mitochondria and other cell compartments there are diverse possibilities for involvement of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration (1). Recently we detected for the first time at isolated muscle mitochondria of R6/2 mice an increased sensitivity of OXPHOS against Ca2+-stress (2). Therefore we systematically investigated the role of cytosolic Ca2+ (Ca2+ cyt) for the regulation of OXPHOS at isolated brain mitochondia of normal and transgenic animals as models of the neurodegenerative diseases Huntington, Parkinson and Alzheimer.
The catalytic PI3K isoforms p110γ and p110δ contribute to B cell development and maintenance, transformation, and proliferation
2010-03-03

Abstract PI3K isoforms p110γ and p110δ are required for early B cell development, peripheral maintenance, transformation by the Abelson oncogene, and LPS-induced proliferation. Class I PI3K-dependent signaling regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Analysis of gene-deficient mice revealed specific roles for the hematopoietically expressed PI3K catalytic subunits, p110γ and p110δ, in development and function of T and B lymphocytes. However, the functional redundancy between these two PI3K isoforms in the B cell lineage remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that p110δ and p110γ are expressed in B cells at early developmental stages. Normal B cell differentiation requires both isoforms, as p110γ/p110δ double deficiency causes an increased percentage of CD43hi/B220+/CD19− cells as compared with single deficiency. Interestingly, initial transformation efficiency of B cell precursors was strongly reduced in double-deficient cells following transformation by p185 bcr-abl or v-abl oncogenes as compared with single-deficient cells. The requirement of p110γ and p110δ in B cell development is underlined by reduced splenic B cell numbers of p110γ/p110δ double-deficient mice and of lethally irradiated wild-type mice reconstituted with double-deficient BM. Moreover, the peripheral maintenance of p110γ/p110δ double-deficient T and B cells was highly impaired following adoptive transfer of double-deficient splenocytes into wild-type mice. Functionally, LPS stimulation of splenocytes revealed proliferation defects resulting in decreased survival of p110γ/p110δ double-deficient B cells, which correlated with impaired induction of D-type cyclins and Bcl-XL. Surprisingly, this was not observed when purified B cells were analyzed, indicating a contribution of likely cell-extrinsic factor(s) to the impaired proliferation of double-deficient B cells. Thus, we provide novel evidence that p110γ and p110δ have overlapping and cell-extrinsic roles in the development, peripheral maintenance, and function of B cells.
Visualizing supercurrents in ferromagnetic Josephson junctions with various arrangements of 0 andπsegments
2010-03-03

Josephson junctions with ferromagnetic barrier can have positive or negative critical current depending on the thickness &#13;\\nd&#13;\\nF&#13;\\n of the ferromagnetic layer. Accordingly, the Josephson phase in the ground state is equal to 0 (a conventional or 0 junction) or to &#13;\\nπ&#13;\\n (&#13;\\nπ&#13;\\n junction). When 0 and &#13;\\nπ&#13;\\n segments are joined to form a “&#13;\\n0&#13;\\n−&#13;\\nπ&#13;\\n junction,” spontaneous supercurrents around the &#13;\\n0&#13;\\n−&#13;\\nπ&#13;\\n boundary can appear. Here we report on the visualization of supercurrents in superconductor-insulator-ferromagnet-superconductor (SIFS) junctions by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). We discuss data for rectangular 0, &#13;\\nπ&#13;\\n, &#13;\\n0&#13;\\n−&#13;\\nπ&#13;\\n, &#13;\\n0&#13;\\n−&#13;\\nπ&#13;\\n−&#13;\\n0&#13;\\n, and &#13;\\n20&#13;\\n×&#13;\\n(&#13;\\n0&#13;\\n−&#13;\\nπ&#13;\\n−&#13;\\n)&#13;\\n junctions, disk-shaped junctions where the &#13;\\n0&#13;\\n−&#13;\\nπ&#13;\\n boundary forms a ring, and an annular junction with two &#13;\\n0&#13;\\n−&#13;\\nπ&#13;\\n boundaries. Within each 0 or &#13;\\nπ&#13;\\n segment the critical current density is fairly homogeneous, as indicated both by measurements of the magnetic field dependence of the critical current and by LTSEM. The &#13;\\nπ&#13;\\n parts have critical current densities &#13;\\nj&#13;\\nπ&#13;\\nc&#13;\\n up to &#13;\\n35&#13;\\n &#13;\\nA&#13;\\n/&#13;\\ncm&#13;\\n2&#13;\\n at &#13;\\nT&#13;\\n=&#13;\\n4.2&#13;\\n &#13;\\nK&#13;\\n, which is a record value for SIFS junctions with a NiCu F-layer so far. We also demonstrate that SIFS technology is capable to produce Josephson devices with a unique topology of the &#13;\\n0&#13;\\n−&#13;\\nπ&#13;\\nboundary.
Committing to Incentives: Should the Decision to Sanction be Revealed or Hidden?
2010-03-03

Sanctions are widely used to promote compliance in principal-agent-relationships. While there is ample evidence confirming the predicted positive incentive effect of sanctions, it has also been shown that imposing sanctions may in fact reduce compliance by crowding-out intrinsic motivation. We add to the literature on the hidden costs of control by showing that these costs are restricted to situations where principals ex ante reveal their decision to sanction low compliance. If this decision is not revealed and agents do not know whether they will be sanctioned or not in case of low compliance, we do not find evidence of crowding-out - not even in those cases where agents firmly believe that they will be sanctioned in case of low performance.
Perception of the Arabidopsis Danger Signal Peptide 1 Involves the Pattern Recognition Receptor AtPEPR1 and Its Close Homologue AtPEPR2
2010-03-04

Plasma membrane-borne pattern recognition receptors, which recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns, provide the first line of defense in innate immunity. In plants, leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases fulfill this role, as exemplified by FLS2 and EFR, the receptors for the microbe-associated molecular patterns flagellin and elongation factor Tu. Here we examined the perception of the damage-associated molecular pattern peptide 1 (AtPep1), an endogenous peptide of Arabidopsis identified earlier and shown to be perceived by the leucine-rich repeat protein kinase PEPR1. Using seedling growth inhibition, elicitation of an oxidative burst and induction of ethylene biosynthesis, we show that wild type plants and the pepr1 and pepr2 mutants, affected in PEPR1 and in its homologue PEPR2, are sensitive to AtPep1, but that the double mutant pepr1/pepr2 is completely insensitive. As a central body of our study, we provide electrophysiological evidence that at the level of the plasma membrane, AtPep1 triggers a receptor-dependent transient depolarization through activation of plasma membrane anion channels, and that this effect is absent in the double mutant pepr1/pepr2. The double mutant also fails to respond to AtPep2 and AtPep3, two distant homologues of AtPep1 on the basis of homology screening, implying that the PEPR1 and PEPR2 are responsible for their perception too. Our findings provide a basic framework to study the biological role of AtPep1-related danger signals and their cognate receptors.
Optimal de novo Design of MRM Experiments for Rapid Assay Development in Targeted Proteomics
2010-03-04

Targeted proteomic approaches such as multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) overcome problems associated with classical shotgun mass spectrometry experiments. Developing MRM quantitation assays can be time consuming, because relevant peptide representatives of the proteins must be found and their retention time and the product ions must be determined. Given the transitions, hundreds to thousands of them can be scheduled into one experiment run. However, it is difficult to select which of the transitions should be included into a measurement. We present a novel algorithm that allows the construction of MRM assays from the sequence of the targeted proteins alone. This enables the rapid development of targeted MRM experiments without large libraries of transitions or peptide spectra. The approach relies on combinatorial optimization in combination with machine learning techniques to predict proteotypicity, retention time, and fragmentation of peptides. The resulting potential transitions are scheduled optimally by solving an integer linear program. We demonstrate that fully automated construction of MRM experiments from protein sequences alone is possible and over 80% coverage of the targeted proteins can be achieved without further optimization of the assay.
Grecocyclines: New Angucyclines from Streptomyces sp. Acta 1362
2010-03-04

Abstract Two novel angucyclines were isolated from the streptomycete Acta 1362. The strain was of particular interest regarding the production of characteristic metabolites that were detected by HPLC–diode array profiling of the extracts. Grecocycline A and B were isolated and their structures were determined. Grecocycline A shows cytotoxic activity and grecocycline B inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Moreover, shunt product grecocyline C was isolated and its structure was determined.
New Fluorous Photoaffinity Labels (F‐PAL) and Their Application in V‐ATPase Inhibition Studies
2010-03-04

Abstract (Trifluoromethyl)diazirines are well established photoaffinity labels (PAL) used in biochemical investigations to create covalent ligand‐receptor bonds. Two new diazirinylbenzoic acids 8b , c with perfluorobutyl and perfluorooctyl chains (F‐PAL) were efficiently prepared from p ‐bromobenzaldehyde and attached to the highly potent and specific V‐ATPase inhibitors 21‐deoxyconcanolide A ( 2 ) and bafilomycin A 1 ( 5 ), deriving from the natural product pool from Streptomyces producer strains. The labelled derivatives 17 and 18 were efficiently purified by fluorous solid‐phase extraction. Functional biochemical assays with the V‐ATPase holoenzymes proofed strong inhibition activities. So far, radioactive isotopes or biotin‐tags have mainly been used for tracing compounds in photoaffinity studies. The C 4 F 9 ‐ and C 8 F 17 ‐fluorous tags aim to enable advantageous separation and identification of labelled peptide fragments by fluorous chromatography followed by MS analysis. Therefore, F‐PAL represents an innovative new concept for binding site determination and should significantly accelerate and simplify such biochemical investigations.
Light-at-night, cancer and aging
2010-03-04

Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that that involves circadian disruption is probably carcinogenic to [1]. This conclusion was based upon limited evidence in humans [2,3] and sufficient evidence in experimental animals [4,5]. The current experimental results of Vinogradova and colleagues from Petrozavodsk and St. Petersburg render further support to this important issue and indicate a number of highly relevant points that will have to be taken into consideration for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved and possible extrapolations to the situation in humans. Their aim was see in which way constant bright light of 750 Lux (LL) may affect survival and tumor development of normal outbred male and female rats of the LIO-strain in comparison to animals kept under a standard photoperiod of LD=12h:12h. LL was applied life-long starting from either 1 or 14 months of age. At one month of age animals are becoming sexually mature whereas at 14 months sexual competence declines. The authors found that dramatic life-shortening effects are observed among female rats, particularly in those where LL-treatment was started at one month of age. They interpret these findings to indicate that constant light probably exerts its detrimental effects on health, tumorigenesis as well as survival via disturbances of the female reproductive cycle [6]. The mechanisms involved can be assumed to include the pineal hormone melatonin as well which as chemical signal of darkness and controlled by the central circadian clock in the N. suprachiasmatici [7] may play a very central part since it is suppressed by LL and participates in the neuroendocrine control of the female reproductive system. In addition, the authors present interesting data that disturbances in the regulation of the anti-oxidative enzymes superoxide-dismutase and catalase due to LL are also involved. These enzymes are known to be controlled by melatonin due to its anti-oxidative action [8]. These fascinating results of the team led by V.N. Anisimov clearly show that for a better understanding of the highly relevant issue of shift-work but also of jet-lag and space-flight and other life-styles connected with circadian disruption [9-12] it will be important to specifically consider developmental aspects. It appears to be very clear that photoperiodic experiences early in life are essential determinants for carcinogenic processes to develop at higher age. An important question to be addressed by future experiments is whether there might be a critical period towards the negative effects of LL in and around early adulthood or whether circadian disturbances have to persist over a longer period of time throughout life to promote cancer. We have to be thankful to the authors that they have started to open our eyes to consider such basic and complex issues and it will have to be seen in which way these findings will be applicable to women who are increasingly afflicted by breast cancer.
Comment on “Movement Intention After Parietal Cortex Stimulation in Humans”
2010-03-04

Desmurget et al . (Reports, 8 May 2009, p. 811) applied direct electrical stimulation (DES) to the human cortex to study the origin of movement intention. Their interpretation assumed that DES causes cortical activation, whereas it is possible that it actually evokes deactivation. The lack of certain knowledge about the true effects of DES limits its use for validation of cognitive models.