julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Autodisplay: Development of an Efficacious System for Surface Display of Antigenic Determinants inSalmonellaVaccine Strains
2003-03-24

ABSTRACT To optimize antigen delivery by Salmonella vaccine strains, a system for surface display of antigenic determinants was established by using the autotransporter secretion pathway of gram-negative bacteria. A modular system for surface display allowed effective targeting of heterologous antigens or fragments thereof to the bacterial surface by the autotransporter domain of AIDA-I, the Escherichia coli adhesin involved in diffuse adherence. A major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted epitope, comprising amino acids 74 to 86 of the Yersinia enterocolitica heat shock protein Hsp60 (Hsp60 74-86 ), was fused to the AIDA-I autotransporter domain, and the resulting fusion protein was expressed at high levels on the cell surface of E. coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Colonization studies in mice vaccinated with Salmonella strains expressing AIDA-I fusion proteins demonstrated high genetic stability of the generated vaccine strain in vivo. Furthermore, a pronounced T-cell response against Yersinia Hsp60 74-86 was induced in mice vaccinated with a Salmonella vaccine strain expressing the Hsp60 74-86 -AIDA-I fusion protein. This was shown by monitoring Yersinia Hsp60-stimulated IFN-γ secretion and proliferation of splenic T cells isolated from vaccinated mice. These results demonstrate that the surface display of antigenic determinants by the autotransporter pathway deserves special attention regarding the application in live attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains.
Cone selective adaptation influences L- and M-cone driven signals in electroretinography and psychophysics, by Kremers, Stepien, Scholl & Saito
2003-03-25

To assess the influence of selective adaptation of long (L) and middle (M) wavelength sensitive cones with electroretinography (ERG) and psychophysics, a novel adaptation procedure was developed, which comprises a selective and quantifiable change in the state of adaptation in the different cone types. One adaptation condition was used as a reference. In four additional conditions, the M-cones or the L-cones were selectively adapted, so that they absorbed either more or less photons. At each of these five states of adaptation, the ERG response amplitudes to 30Hz L- and to M-cone selective stimuli were measured. Furthermore, the psychophysical sensitivities to L- and M-cone selective stimuli were measured at different temporal frequencies. In subjects with normal color vision, adaptation can have a strong influence on the L- and M-cone driven response amplitudes in the ERG and on both the L- and the M-cone sensitivities in the psychophysical luminance channel. As a result, the L- to M-cone ERG and psychophysical ratios can change dramatically at the different states of adaptation. The cone sensitivity thresholds and the L- to M-cone sensitivity ratio in the psychophysical chromatic channel are about unity at all states of adaptation, suggesting the presence of a compensatory mechanism. In dichromats, the responses and sensitivities to stimulation of the absent cone type were generally small at all states of adaptation. But, with reddish backgrounds residual ERG responses and residual psychophysical sensitivities were observed, indicating the presence of either a robust rod driven signal or an additional adaptation mechanisms that are not cone driven and that have not been described before.
[Ph2P(O)CH2Im][F3B(μ‐OH)BF3]. Erste strukturanalytische Charakterisierung des Hexafluoro(μ‐hydroxo)diborat‐Ions [1]
2003-03-25

[Ph 2 P(O)CH 2 Im][F 3 B(μ‐OH)BF 3 ]. First Structural Characterization of the Hexafluoro(μ‐hydroxo)diborate Ion [1] The hexafluoro(μ‐hydroxo)diborate ion has been isolated as it's Ph 2 P(O)CH 2 Im salt [Im = 2‐(1, 3, 4, 5‐tetramethylimidazolio)] ( 2 ) through basic hydrolysis of [Ph 2 P(OBF 3 )CH 2 Im]BF 4 ( 1 ). The crystal structure of 2 · CH 2 Cl 2 reveals the presence of ion pairs linked by unsymmetrical O‐H‐O hydrogen bonds.
Preparation, Properties, and Reactions of Metal‐Containing Heterocycles. CX [1] Crystal Structure of 1, 1'‐Bis{[4‐(1, 10‐phenanthroline‐3‐yl‐ethynyl)‐2, 5‐dipropoxy‐phenyl]ethynyl}ferrocene
2003-03-25

Abstract The crystal structure of 1, 1'‐bis{[4‐(1, 10‐phenanthroline‐3‐yl‐ethynyl)‐2, 5‐dipropoxy‐phenyl]ethynyl}ferrocene ( 1 ) is reported. This compound crystallizes with two chloroform solvent molecules in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 /c (No. 14), a = 15.4253(11), b = 23.2003(10), c = 17.2630(13) Å, β = 90.866(9)° and Z = 4. Both arms of the ferrocene moiety are parallel displaced with the four nitrogen atoms pointing to the same direction.
Automated whole mount localisation techniques for plant seedlings
2003-03-28

Summary Plant biology is currently experiencing a growing demand for easy and reliable mRNA and protein localisation techniques. Here, we present novel whole mount in situ hybridisation and immunolocalisation protocols, suitable to localise mRNAs and proteins in Arabidopsis seedlings. We demonstrate that these methods can be used in different organs of Arabidopsis seedlings as well as in other plant species. In order to achieve better reproducibility and higher throughput, we modified these protocols for automation to be performed by a liquid handling robot. In addition, we show that other procedures such as reporter enzyme assays and tissue clearing can be similarly automated. We present examples of application of our protocols including mRNA localisation and proteins and epitope tag (co)localisations which demonstrate that these methods provide reliable and versatile tools for expression, localisation and anatomical studies in plants.
Synthesis and Characterization of (Octaaryltetraazaporphyrinato)indium(III) Complexes for Optical Limiting
2003-03-28

The preparation of (octaaryltetraazaporphyrinato)indium(III) chlorides [aryl = phenyl (5a), p-tert-butylphenyl (6a), p-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl (7a), m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl (8a)] and their reactions with aryl Grignard reagents XMgBr to give 5b-8b [X = p-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] and 5c (R = 3,5-difluorophenyl) are described. The characterization of all compounds by UV-vis, FT-IR, and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy was performed. The hypsochromic shift of all bands in the absorption spectra of complexes 5a-8a is observed in the sequence 6a < 5a < 7a approximately 8a. This is associated with the increasing electron-withdrawing character of the aryl substituents in the periphery of the tetraazaporphyrin macrocycle. Compounds 8a,b are very good soluble in organic solvents with 8a exhibiting the higher photochemical stability among the various synthesized species. The optical limiting (OL) properties of the complexes have been studied and correlated with the structure of the (tetraazaporphyrinato)indium(III) complexes and the electronic nature of the different substituents. In particular, the OL effect at 532 nm increases on going from the series of compounds 5 to the series 8.
Analysis of molecular data of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Brassicaceae) with Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
2003-03-28

Abstract A Geographical Information System (GIS) is used to analyse allelic information of 13 sequenced loci of natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana and to identify geographical structures. GIS provides tools for visualization and analysis of geographical population structures using molecular data. The geographical distribution of the number of variable positions in the alignments, the distribution of recombinant sequence blocks, and the distribution of a newly defined measure, the differentiation index, are studied. The differentiation index is introduced to measure the sequence divergence among individual plants sampled from various geographical localities. The numbers of variable positions and the differentiation index are also used for a metadata analysis covering about 26 kb of the genome. This analysis reveals, for the first time, differences in DNA sequence structures of geographically different populations of A. thaliana . The broadly defined west Mediterranean region consists of accessions with the highest numbers of polymorphic positions followed by the west European region. The GIS technology Kriging is used to define Arabidopsis specific diversity zones in Europe. The highest genetic variability is observed along the Atlantic coast from the western Iberian Peninsula to southern Great Britain, while lowest variability is found in central Europe.
Explicit solutions to the time-independent perturbation equations of the Reissner-Nordström geometry
2003-03-28

It is proven that the equations for the time-independent, negative-parity, gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations of the Reissner-Nordstr\\"om geometry have (for each angular momentum) one solution in the form of a finite power series in the (Schwarzschild-like) radial coordinate r. The explicit form of these solutions is given. Therefrom the second fundamental solutions of these equations, and the positive-parity perturbations, can also be constructed explicitly.
Arabidopsis haiku Mutants Reveal New Controls of Seed Size by Endosperm
2003-04-01

Abstract In flowering plants, maternal seed integument encloses the embryo and the endosperm, which are both derived from double fertilization. Although the development of these three components must be coordinated, we have limited knowledge of mechanisms involved in such coordination. The endosperm may play a central role in these mechanisms as epigenetic modifications of endosperm development, via imbalance of dosage between maternal and paternal genomes, affecting both the embryo and the integument. To identify targets of such epigenetic controls, we designed a genetic screen in Arabidopsis for mutants that phenocopy the effects of dosage imbalance in the endosperm. The two mutants haiku 1 andhaiku 2 produce seed of reduced size that resemble seed with maternal excess in the maternal/paternal dosage. Homozygoushaiku seed develop into plants indistinguishable from wild type. Each mutation is sporophytic recessive, and double-mutant analysis suggests that both mutations affect the same genetic pathway. The endosperm of haiku mutants shows a premature arrest of increase in size that causes precocious cellularization of the syncytial endosperm. Reduction of seed size in haikuresults from coordinated reduction of endosperm size, embryo proliferation, and cell elongation of the maternally derived integument. We present further evidence for a control of integument development mediated by endosperm-derived signals.
Intramyocellular Lipids: Anthropometric Determinants and Relationships with Maximal Aerobic Capacity and Insulin Sensitivity
2003-04-01

The existence of metabolically relevant intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) as assessed by the noninvasive (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been established. In the present studies, we analyzed the relationships between IMCL in two muscle types [the predominantly nonoxidative tibialis muscle (tib) and the predominantly oxidative soleus muscle (sol)] and anthropometric data, aerobic capacity (VO(2)max, bicycle ergometry, n = 77) and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, n = 105) using regression analysis. In univariate regression, IMCL (tib) was weakly but significantly correlated with percentage of body fat (r = 0.28, P = 0.01), whereas IMCL (sol) was better correlated with waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.41, P < 0.0001). No significant univariate correlation with age or maximal aerobic power was observed. After adjusting for adiposity, IMCL (tib) was positively correlated with measures of aerobic fitness. A significant interaction term between VO(2)max and percentage of body fat on IMCL (tib) (P = 0.04) existed (whole model r(2) = 0.26, P = 0.001). In contrast, aerobic fitness did not influence IMCL (sol). No correlation between insulin sensitivity as such and IMCL (tib) (r = -0.13, P = 0.2) or IMCL (sol) (r = 0.03, P = 0.72) was observed. Nethertheless, a significant interaction term between VO(2)max and IMCL on insulin sensitivity existed [P = 0.04 (tib) and P = 0.02 (sol)]; [whole model (sol) r(2) = 0.61, P < 0.0001, (tib) r(2) = 0.60, P < 0.0001]. In conclusion, obesity and aerobic fitness are important determinants of IMCL. IMCL and insulin sensitivity are negatively correlated in untrained subjects. The correlation between the two parameters is modified by the extent of aerobic fitness and cannot be found in endurance trained subjects. Thus, measurements of aerobic fitness and body fat are indispensable for the interpretation of IMCL and its relationship with insulin sensitivity.
Assessing the Shape of the Glucose Curve During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
2003-04-01

OBJECTIVE—The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is used to define the status of glucose tolerance based on the plasma glucose level at 120 min. The purpose of the present study was to identify parameters that determine the shape of the plasma glucose course measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min during an OGTT. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—OGTT data from 551 subjects (485 with normal glucose tolerance [NGT] and 66 with impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]) were analyzed. We distinguished between “monophasic,” “biphasic,” and unclassified glucose shapes. A “shape” index based on the extent and the direction of the plasma glucose change in the second hour allowed us to treat shape as a continuous variable. RESULTS—In the biphasic group, the NGT-to-IGT ratio was slightly higher (173/20 vs. 209/40, P = 0.08) and the male-to-female ratio was lower (60/133 vs. 120/129, P = 0.0003). Subjects with a biphasic shape had significantly lower age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), HbA1c, plasma glucose, and area under the insulin curve (insulinAUC) and a better estimated insulin sensitivity and secretion (using validated indexes) than monophasic subjects (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). By adjusting this shape index for glucoseAUC (as continuous measure of glucose tolerance), correlations with age, BMI, WHR, HbA1c, and insulinAUC were completely abolished. The adjusted shape index was still higher in female than in male subjects but lower in IGT than in NGT subjects (both P = 0.0003). Finally, we tested common polymorphisms in insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2, calpain-10, hepatic lipase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ for association with the shape index. CONCLUSIONS—We conclude that the plasma glucose shape during an OGTT depends on glucose tolerance and sex. In addition, genetic factors seem to play a role. The shape index may be a useful metabolic screening parameter in epidemiological and genetic association studies.
"Functional" Surgery in Subungual Melanoma
2003-04-01

Limited excision with partial resection of the distal phalanx only and three-dimensional histology to assure tumor-free resection margins give better cosmetic and functional results and do not negatively affect the prognosis of patients with subungual melanoma.
Protein Kinase C δ Activation and Translocation to the Nucleus Are Required for Fatty Acid-Induced Apoptosis of Insulin-Secreting Cells
2003-04-01

Insulin resistance as well as pancreatic β-cell failure can be induced by elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels. We studied the mechanisms of FFA-induced apoptosis in rat and human β-cells. Chronic treatment with high physiological levels of saturated fatty acids (palmitate and stearate), but not with monounsaturated (palmitoleate and oleate) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleate), triggers apoptosis in ∼20% of cultured RIN1046-38 cells. Apoptosis restricted to saturated FFAs was also observed in primary cultured human β-cells, suggesting that this mechanism is potentially relevant in vivo in humans. To further analyze FFA-induced signaling pathways leading to apoptosis, we used RIN1046-38 cells. Apoptosis was accompanied by a rapid (within 15 min) nuclear translocation of protein kinase C (PKC)-δ and subsequent lamin B1 disassembly. This translocation was impaired by the phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122, which also substantially reduced apoptosis. Furthermore, lamin B1 disassembly and apoptosis were decreased by cell transfection with a dominant-negative mutant form of PKC-δ. These data suggest that nuclear translocation and kinase activity of PKC-δ are both necessary for saturated fatty acid-induced apoptosis.
The HRX-BL Lac sample – Evolution of BL Lac objects
2003-04-01

The unification of X-ray and radio selected BL Lacs has been an outstanding\\nproblem in the blazar research in the past years. Recent investigations have\\nshown that the gap between the two classes can be filled with intermediate\\nobjects and that apparently all differences can be explained by mutual shifts\\nof the peak frequencies of the synchrotron and inverse Compton component of the\\nemission. We study the consequences of this scheme using a new sample of X-ray\\nselected BL Lac objects comprising 104 objects with z&lt;0.9 and a mean redshift\\nz=0.34. 77 BL Lacs, of which the redshift could be determined for 64 (83%)\\nobjects, form a complete sample. The new data could not confirm our earlier\\nresult, drawn from a subsample, that the negative evolution vanishes below a\\nsynchrotron peak frequency log (peak-frequency) = 16.5. The complete sample\\nshows negative evolution at the 2 sigma level (&lt;V_e/V_a&gt; = 0.42 +- 0.04). We\\nconclude that the observed properties of the HRX BL Lac sample show typical\\nbehaviour for X-ray selected BL Lacs. They support an evolutionary model, in\\nwhich flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ) with high energetic jets evolve\\ntowards low frequency peaked (mostly radio-selected) BL Lac objects and later\\non to high frequency peaked (mostly X-ray selected) BL Lacs.\\n
DNase Pretreatment of Master Mix Reagents Improves the Validity of Universal 16S rRNA Gene PCR Results
2003-04-01

ABSTRACT DNase I pretreatment of 16S rRNA gene PCR reagents was tested. The DNase I requirement for the elimination of false-positive results varied between 0.1 and 70 IU per master mix depending on the applied Taq polymerase. PCR sensitivity was mostly maintained when 0.1 IU of DNase I was used.
Increased Detection Rate of Glaucomatous Visual Field Damage With Locally Condensed Grids
2003-04-01

Fundus-oriented perimetry that uses individually condensed test grids significantly increases the detection rate of glaucomatous VFDs in morphologically conspicuous areas compared with CAP using equidistant (6 degrees x 6 degrees) target arrangements. Repeatability is comparable between both methods.
“Functional” Surgery in Subungual Melanoma
2003-04-01

BACKGROUND Subungual melanomas represent approximately 2% to 3% of cutaneous melanomas in White populations. Complete or partial amputation proximal to the distal interphalangeal joint of the digits has been suggested. Recently, we introduced for acral melanomas, similar to lentigo maligna melanoma, limited excision and complete histology of excisional margins (three-dimensional histology). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic relevance of clinical parameters and different surgical management in patients with subungual melanoma. STUDY DESIGN From 1980 to 1999, subungual melanoma was diagnosed in 62 of 3,960 stage I and II melanoma patients (1.6%) of the melanoma registry of the Department of Dermatology (University of Tuebingen). A retrospective comparative analysis of two treatment groups was performed: Thirty-one patients had an amputation in or proximal to the distal interphalangeal joint (median follow-up of 55 months), and 31 patients had “functional” surgery with local excision of the tumor and only partial resection of the distal phalanx (median follow-up of 54 months). RESULTS In the univariate analysis, the level of invasion (P = 0.0059), ulceration (P = 0.0024), and tumor thickness (P = 0.0004) were significant prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival but not for survival. In a multivariate analysis, only lower tumor thickness and a reduced level of amputation were independent significant prognostic parameters for recurrence-free survival (P = 0.035 and P = 0.0069). Patients with an amputation in or proximal to the distal interphalangeal joint did not fare better than patients with less radical “functional” surgery. CONCLUSION Limited excision with partial resection of the distal phalanx only and three-dimensional histology to assure tumor-free resection margins give better cosmetic and functional results and do not negatively affect the prognosis of patients with subungual melanoma.
Ouabain as a Mammalian Hormone
2003-04-01

A bstract : Endogenous ouabain changes rapidly in humans and dogs upon physical exercise and is under the control of epinephrine and angiotensin II. Hence, the steroid acts as a rapidly acting hormone. A search for a specific binding globulin for cardiac glycosides in bovine plasma resulted in the identification of the d allotype of the μ chain of IgM whose hydrophobic surfaces interact with cardiotonic steroids and cholesterol. Such IgM complexes might be involved in the hepatic elimination of cardiotonic steroids. Thus, differences in the signaling cascade starting at Na + ,K + ‐ATPase must explain any differences in the action of ouabain and digoxin in the genesis of arterial hypertension.
The HRX-BL Lac sample – Evolution of BL Lac objects
2003-04-01

\\n The unification of X-ray and radio selected BL Lacs\\nhas been an outstanding problem in the blazar research in the past\\nyears. Recent investigations have shown that the gap between the two\\nclasses can be filled with intermediate objects and\\nthat apparently all differences can be explained by mutual shifts of the peak frequencies of the synchrotron and inverse Compton component of the emission. \\nWe study the consequences of this scheme using a new\\nsample of X-ray selected BL Lac objects comprising 104 objects\\nwith and a mean redshift . 77 BL Lacs, of\\nwhich the redshift could be determined for 64 (83%) objects, form a\\ncomplete sample. \\nThe new data could not confirm our earlier result, drawn from a\\nsubsample, that the negative evolution vanishes below a synchrotron\\npeak frequency . The complete sample\\nshows negative evolution at the 2σ level ( ). \\nWe conclude that the observed properties\\nof the HRX BL Lac sample show typical behaviour for X-ray selected BL Lacs. \\nThey support an evolutionary model, in which\\nflat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ) with high energetic jets evolve\\ntowards low frequency peaked (mostly radio-selected) BL Lac objects\\nand later on to high frequency peaked (mostly X-ray selected) BL\\nLacs.\\n\\n\\n
Influence of geometric and hemodynamic parameters on aneurysm visualization during three-dimensional rotational angiography: an in vitro study.
2003-04-01

Contrast agent injection with the initial-bolus technique improved the depiction of aneurysms, compared with the continuous-flow method. Reconstructions of rotational studies of narrow-necked lateral aneurysms yielded incomplete visualization of the aneurysm.