julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Some aspects of the five-dimensional Lovelock black hole spacetime:\\n strong homotopy retract, perihelion precession and quasistationary levels
2021-08-16

In this work we explore some mathematical physics aspects of the spherically\\nsymmetric Lovelock black hole in high dimensions. Intended for this aim, we\\nthoroughly consider the metric corresponding to the five-dimensional Lovelock\\nblack hole spacetime. We construct the strong retractions by the geodesic\\nequations on the background under consideration. As a result, from the\\ntopological point of view, we construct the theory of strong homotopy retract,\\nwhich will allow us, in principle, to better understand some of its suitable\\napplications on astrophysics and cosmology, in particular, in the analysis of\\nthe spacetime singularities. We find the solutions of the equation of motion\\nfor both radial and angular coordinates, and then we describe the outer\\n("exterior") and lower ("interior") apparent horizons. Indeed, the outer\\napparent horizon is the last surface from which the light waves could still\\nescape from the black hole. Thus, it is meaningful to analyze some physical\\nphenomena related to quantum particles propagating outside the exterior\\napparent horizon, in particular, we discuss the quasistationary levels of\\nscalar fields and their radial wave functions, which are given in terms of the\\ngeneral Heun functions. We also calculate the perihelion precession in this\\nbackground.\\n
Vertical Josephson field-effect transistors based on black phosphorus
2021-08-16

The gate-tunable Josephson junction, generally achieved in planar Josephson field-effect transistors (JoFETs), is a key element for the applications of superconducting devices. At present, the performance of these systems with planar JoFETs is often impeded by the large channel length, which, at best, lies in the range of tens of nanometers. In contrast, the channel length in vertical junctions can be easily scaled down to nano-scale to realize the strong Josephson coupling. However, the vertical junctions are believed to be insensitive to the field-effect due to the atomic screening of electric fields in metals. Here, we report on a novel realization of few-layer black phosphorus (BP)-based vertical JoFETs using an electric-double-layer configuration. In transport experiments, using junctions of different shape, superconducting quantum interference device-like magnetic diffraction patterns of the junction critical current and anomalous Shapiro steps on current voltage characteristics are observed, strongly indicating that the critical current density in the junctions is highly inhomogeneous and peaked at the edges or even near the junction corners. The electric-field tunability of the Josephson coupling could be attributed to the edge- or corner-dominated supercurrent density profile combining with the carrier diffusivity in the few-layer BP. The ability to control the vertical Josephson coupling provides us with new opportunities to study high-performance and high-temperature superconducting Josephson field-effect transistors operating on an atomic-scale channel length.
International Survey of Operative Practices for Otologists and Neurotologists During the COVID-19 Crisis
2021-08-16

Objective: To investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on operative practices of otology and neurotology providers internationally. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: A 78-question survey was distributed to otologists and neurotologists between May 12, 2020 and June 8, 2020 to assess the impact of the pandemic on surgical practices. Sections within the survey delineated time periods: prior to the crisis, onset of the crisis, during the crisis, postcrisis transition. Results: Of 396 survey respondents, 284 participants from 38 countries met inclusion criteria. Respondents were 16.9% female and 82.4% male, with a most common age range of 40 to 49 years (36.3%). 69.8% of participants had been in practice for over 10 years and most respondents worked in an academic medical center (79.2%). The average operative weekly caseload was 5.3 (SD 3.9) per surgeon prior to the crisis, 0.7 (SD 1.2) during the COVID-19 crisis, and 3.5 (SD 3.3) for those who had begun a postcrisis transition at the time of survey administration ( p &lt; 0.001). 71.5% of providers did not perform an elective otologic or neurotologic operative procedure during the initial crisis period. 49.8% reported modifying their surgical technique due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Use of powered air-purifying respirators and filtering facepiece 2 or 3 (FFP2/FFP3) respirators were in minimal supply for 66.9% and 62.3% of respondents, respectively. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the otology and neurotology community globally, resulting in significant changes in operative volume and case selection. Modification of surgical technique and shortages of personal protective equipment were frequently reported.
Comparing the structure and function of social-cognition-related brain areas in bisexual, heterosexual, and homosexual women and men
2021-08-16

A small number of studies have examined neuroanatomical differences between heterosexual and homosexual men and women. These studies have yielded mixed support for the hypothesis that homosexual individuals possess sex-atypical neural anatomy. However, in addition to differing along dimensions of sex-typicality, non-heterosexual individuals’ brains may be different in other ways, potentially as a result of differences in experience. One way in which sexual minorities may differ from others is in their social experiences. Bisexual individuals in particular may occupy unique social niches and experience complex social environments as a result of sexual and romantic interactions with both men and women, and potentially also in terms of having a less-widely-recognized sexual identity than heterosexual and homosexual individuals. Based on this idea, we hypothesized that bisexual individuals may show increased gray matter volume and activity in two social-cognition-related areas of the brain: the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Contrary to our hypotheses, neither brain structure nor brain activity in the rTPJ and dmPFC were significantly greater in bisexual individuals than in heterosexual and homosexual individuals. Instead, we found larger rTPJ volumes in heterosexual women than in homosexual women. We also found larger relative volumes in the dmPFC in women than in men, consistent with a recent large-scale study of sex differences, and potentially indicative of sex and gender differences in social cognition.
Sexual Orientation and Neuroanatomy: An MRI Study of Gray Matter Differences in Homosexual, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Women and Men
2021-08-16

In this study, we attempted to replicate past work focusing on differences in neuroanatomical structures between heterosexual and homosexual men and women. We also performed the first analyses of sexual orientation and neuroanatomy to include bisexual men and women. Sex differences in raw subcortical volumes were consistent with past work and a broader literature on sex differences, showing larger raw subcortical volumes in male groups than female groups. However, we did not confirm past findings showing larger raw volumes in heterosexual than in homosexual men in the left thalamus or right thalamus. Additionally, we did not confirm past findings showing thicker cortices in heterosexual men than in homosexual men in visual/occipital areas (right cuneus, right lingual gyrus, right pericalcarine cortex) or a frontal area (right pars triangularis). Exploratory whole-brain analyses revealed several areas of difference between women that may be of interest for future confirmatory research. Bisexual women had smaller volumes in a region of the olfactory tubercule than heterosexual women as well as a thicker right anterior insula region than homosexual women. Homosexual women had smaller volumes in regions of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) than both heterosexual women and bisexual women. The functional relevance of these brain areas in terms of understanding female sexual orientation is unclear. However, based on these areas, future work may wish to consider the potential social, emotional, attentional, interoceptive, or general reward-related characteristics that may differentiate women with different attraction patterns. In contrast to previous work, no differences were found between groups of men (heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual) in any of our analyses. Finally, in terms of whole-brain analyses of sex differences, heterosexual women had both thicker cortices and larger (relative to the whole brain) gray matter volume than heterosexual men in the superior frontal gyrus, in contrast to large-scale studies of sex difference. Although statistically significant at a stringent threshold (FWE-corrected), our whole-brain findings should be interpreted and generalized with caution. The heterogeneity of patterns across analyses of sexual orientation and brain structure (and even across studies of sex/gender and brain structure) suggests that findings may potentially depend upon particular sample characteristics, and potentially Type 1 error due to the testing of many different brain areas.
Efficacy of Cipargamin (KAE609) in a Randomized, Phase II Dose-Escalation Study in Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa With Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
2021-08-17

Abstract Background Cipargamin (KAE609) is a potent antimalarial in a phase II trial. Here we report efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and resistance marker analysis across a range of cipargamin doses. These were secondary endpoints from a study primarily conducted to assess the hepatic safety of cipargamin (hepatic safety data are reported elsewhere). Methods This phase II, multicenter, randomized, open-label, dose-escalation trial was conducted in sub-Saharan Africa in adults with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Cipargamin monotherapy was given as single doses up to 150 mg or up to 50 mg once daily for 3 days, with artemether-lumefantrine as control. Key efficacy endpoints were parasite clearance time (PCT), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–corrected and uncorrected adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) at 14 and 28 days. Pharmacokinetics and molecular markers of drug resistance were also assessed. Results All single or multiple cipargamin doses ≥50 mg were associated with rapid parasite clearance, with median PCT of 8 hours versus 24 hours for artemether-lumefantrine. PCR-corrected ACPR at 14 and 28 days was &amp;gt;75% and 65%, respectively, for each cipargamin dose. A treatment-emerging mutation in the Pfatp4 gene, G358S, was detected in 65% of treatment failures. Pharmacokinetic parameters were consistent with previous data, and approximately dose proportional. Conclusions Cipargamin, at single doses of 50 to 150 mg, was associated with very rapid parasite clearance, PCR-corrected ACPR at 28 days of &amp;gt;65% in adults with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, and recrudescent parasites frequently harbored a treatment-emerging mutation. Cipargamin will be further developed with a suitable combination partner. Clinical Trials Registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03334747).
Differential privacy for eye tracking with temporal correlations
2021-08-17

New generation head-mounted displays, such as VR and AR glasses, are coming into the market with already integrated eye tracking and are expected to enable novel ways of human-computer interaction in numerous applications. However, since eye movement properties contain biometric information, privacy concerns have to be handled properly. Privacy-preservation techniques such as differential privacy mechanisms have recently been applied to eye movement data obtained from such displays. Standard differential privacy mechanisms; however, are vulnerable due to temporal correlations between the eye movement observations. In this work, we propose a novel transform-coding based differential privacy mechanism to further adapt it to the statistics of eye movement feature data and compare various low-complexity methods. We extend the Fourier perturbation algorithm, which is a differential privacy mechanism, and correct a scaling mistake in its proof. Furthermore, we illustrate significant reductions in sample correlations in addition to query sensitivities, which provide the best utility-privacy trade-off in the eye tracking literature. Our results provide significantly high privacy without any essential loss in classification accuracies while hiding personal identifiers.
Introducing digital technologies in the factory: determinants of blue-collar workers’ attitudes towards new robotic tools
2021-08-17

In the context of blue-collar work, digital technologies and robotic systems are introduced at a rapid speed. However, employees are not always motivated to adopt such new technologies. Thus, it is essential to understand the drivers of employees’ attitudes towards new technology at work (e.g. their enthusiasm about new technology or their insecurity or resistance to change). The present study examines (actual and desired) work characteristics as a predictor of attitudes towards new technology in blue-collar work. Results from a correlational study among blue-collar workers (N = 127) showed that work characteristics among blue-collar workers could be divided into three dimensions, namely, work enrichment, work demands, and task identity. These correlated with attitudes towards a to-be-implemented new technology (here, robotic system): As expected, desired work demands correlated with greater technology enthusiasm, whereas a lack of actual work enrichment predicted technology-based job insecurity. Work characteristics were unrelated to user resistance to change. The findings suggest that how workers evaluate their current work, and how much they are (dis)satisfied with it, predicts attitudes towards new technology. This research adds to the knowledge about attitudes towards new technology in blue-collar work. Practical implications for the implementation of technologies in blue-collar work are discussed.
Disk fragmentation in high-mass star formation
2021-08-17

Context. Increasing evidence suggests that, similar to their low-mass counterparts, high-mass stars form through a disk-mediated accretion process. At the same time, formation of high-mass stars still necessitates high accretion rates, and hence, high gas densities, which in turn can cause disks to become unstable against gravitational fragmentation. Aims. We study the kinematics and fragmentation of the disk around the high-mass star forming region AFGL 2591-VLA 3 which was hypothesized to be fragmenting based on the observations that show multiple outflow directions. Methods. We use a new set of high-resolution (0′′.19) IRAM/NOEMA observations at 843 μm towards VLA 3 which allow us to resolve its disk, characterize the fragmentation, and study its kinematics. In addition to the 843 μm continuum emission, our spectral setup targets warm dense gas and outflow tracers such as HCN, HC 3 N and SO 2 , as well as vibrationally excited HCN lines. Results. The high resolution continuum and line emission maps reveal multiple fragments with subsolar masses within the inner ~1000 AU of VLA 3. Furthermore, the velocity field of the inner disk observed at 843 μm shows a similar behavior to that of the larger scale velocity field studied in the CORE project at 1.37 mm. Conclusions. We present the first observational evidence for disk fragmentation towards AFGL 2591-VLA 3, a source that was thought to be a single high-mass core. While the fragments themselves are low-mass, the rotation of the disk is dominated by the protostar with a mass of 10.3 ± 1.8 M ⊙ . These data also show that NOEMA Band 4 can obtain the highest currently achievable spatial resolution at (sub-)mm wavelengths in observations of strong northern sources.
High ESBL-E colonization rate among children in Gabon: a follow-up study
2021-08-17

A previous study conducted in Gabon, Central Africa, in 2010/11 found a high colonization rate with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacterales (ESBL-E) among children of ~34 %. Eight years later, we aimed to reassess the ESBL-E rate and previously identified risk factors for colonization in children from Gabon. We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study in 2018 on 92 outpatients under 5 years of age with diarrhoea in Lambaréné, Gabon, in whom a rectal swab was obtained at the initial medical encounter (baseline). Fifty-eight of these provided a further rectal swab 1 week afterwards. ESBL-E colonization was assessed [following the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)], and in confirmed ESBL-E isolates the susceptibility to meropenem and the prevalence of the most abundant ESBL genes, bla CTX-M , bla SHV , and bla TEM , were investigated. At baseline, the ESBL-E colonization rate was 57 % (52/92; 95 % CI: 46–67). Hospitalization during the previous year, chicken consumption in the past week and young age were identified as independent risk factors for ESBL-E colonization at baseline. On day 7, the ESBL-E carriage rate was 72 % (42/58; 95 % CI: 59–83). All ESBL-E isolates ( n =293) were susceptible to meropenem and bla CTX-M was the most frequently detected β-lactamase gene. The ESBL-E colonization rate among children from Gabon is alarmingly high, with indications of further increase over recent years. While all ESBL-E strains remain currently susceptible to meropenem, in practice no adequate treatment is available locally for severe infections with such isolates. It is thus of the utmost importance to invest in improved hospital infection prevention and control measures to combat ESBL-E effectively.
Robotic Transrectal Computed Tomographic Ultrasound with Artificial Neural Network Analysis: First Validation and Comparison with MRI-Guided Biopsies and Radical Prostatectomy
2021-08-17

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; There is still a lack of availability of high-quality multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) interpreted by experienced uro-radiologists to rule out clinically significant PC (csPC). Consequently, we developed a new imaging method based on computed tomographic ultrasound (US) supported by artificial neural network analysis (ANNA). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Two hundred and two consecutive patients with visible mpMRI lesions were scanned and recorded by robotic CT-US during mpMRI-TRUS biopsy. Only significant index lesions (ISUP ≥2) verified by whole-mount pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Their visibility was reevaluated by 2 blinded investigators by grayscale US and ANNA. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; In the cohort, csPC was detected in 105 cases (52%) by mpMRI-TRUS biopsy. Whole-mount histology was available in 44 cases (36%). In this subgroup, mean PSA level was 8.6 ng/mL, mean prostate volume was 33 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, and mean tumor volume was 0.5 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. Median PI-RADS and ISUP of index lesions were 4 and 3, respectively. Index lesions were visible in grayscale US and ANNA in 25 cases (57%) and 30 cases (68%), respectively. Combining CT-US-ANNA, we detected index lesions in 35 patients (80%). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The first results of multiparametric CT-US-ANNA imaging showed promising detection rates in patients with csPC. US imaging with ANNA has the potential to complement PC diagnosis.
Introducing digital technologies in the factory: determinants of blue-collar workers’ attitudes towards new robotic tools
2021-08-17

In the context of blue-collar work, digital technologies and robotic systems are introduced at a rapid speed. However, employees are not always motivated to adopt such new technologies. Thus, it is essential to understand the drivers of employees’ attitudes towards new technology at work (e.g. their enthusiasm about new technology or their insecurity or resistance to change). The present study examines (actual and desired) work characteristics as a predictor of attitudes towards new technology in blue-collar work. Results from a correlational study among blue-collar workers (<i>N</i> = 127) showed that work characteristics among blue-collar workers could be divided into three dimensions, namely, work enrichment, work demands, and task identity. These correlated with attitudes towards a to-be-implemented new technology (here, robotic system): As expected, desired work demands correlated with greater technology enthusiasm, whereas a lack of actual work enrichment predicted technology-based job insecurity. Work characteristics were unrelated to user resistance to change. The findings suggest that how workers evaluate their current work, and how much they are (dis)satisfied with it, predicts attitudes towards new technology. This research adds to the knowledge about attitudes towards new technology in blue-collar work. Practical implications for the implementation of technologies in blue-collar work are discussed.
Adjuvant Pembrolizumab after Nephrectomy in Renal-Cell Carcinoma
2021-08-18

Pembrolizumab treatment led to a significant improvement in disease-free survival as compared with placebo after surgery among patients with kidney cancer who were at high risk for recurrence. (Funded by Merck Sharp and Dohme, a subsidiary of Merck; KEYNOTE-564 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03142334.).
The Role of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) for Staging and Disease Response Assessment in Localized and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
2021-08-18

Pancreatic Cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of only 9%. Even after radical surgical procedures, PC patients have poor survival rates, with a high chance of relapse (70–80%). Imaging is involved in all aspects of the clinical management of PC, including detection and characterization of primary tumors and their resectability, assessment of vascular, perineural and lymphatic invasion and detection of distant metastases. The role of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in detecting PC is still controversial, with the international guidelines not recommending its routine use. However, in resectable PC, PET/CT may play a role in assessing PC stage and grade and potential resectability after neoadjuvant treatment. Quantitative image analysis (radiomics) and new PET/CT radiotracers account for future developments in metabolic imaging and may further improve the relevance of this technique in several aspects of PC. In the present review, the current state of the art and future directions of PET/CT in resectable PC are presented.
Direct Correlation Function of a Crystalline Solid
2021-08-18

Direct correlation functions (DCFs), linked to the second functional derivative of the free energy with respect to the one-particle density, play a fundamental role in a statistical mechanics description of matter. This holds, in particular, for the ordered phases: DCFs contain information about the local structure including defects and encode the thermodynamic properties of crystalline solids; they open a route to the elastic constants beyond low temperature expansions. Via a demanding numerical approach, we have explicitly calculated for the first time the DCF of a solid: based on the fundamental measure concept, we provide results for the DCF of a hard sphere crystal. We demonstrate that this function differs at coexistence significantly from its liquid counterpart-both in shape as well as in its order of magnitude-because it is dominated by vacancies. We provide evidence that the traditional use of liquid DCFs in functional Taylor expansions of the free energy is conceptually wrong and show that the emergent elastic constants are in good agreement with simulation-based results.