julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Ceylon as an Exotic Escape in James Joyce’s Ulysses
2022-08-23

James Joyce’s Ulysses has been recognized as a literary masterpiece and has been interpreted in terms of many aspects. Being a quintessential Modernist novel, the novel brings out several post-colonial themes and concerns. Joyce writes about Ceylon in the episode “Lotus- Eaters” and his viewpoint is different from that of the common English perspective of his era. Many critics have interpreted this episode in terms of materialism and the colonial quest of acquiring resources and some critics have recognized the exotic Ceylonese symbols to be connected with psychology and sexuality. A new interpretation of this episode can shine a light on Joyce’s unique narrative techniques and his ability to transcend perspective. Therefore, this study would consider Joyce’s perception of Ceylon in terms of exoticism as presented by Victor Segalan in Essays on Exoticism and Edward Said in Culture and Imperialism while exploring how Joyce attempts to radically challenge the Western view of the Far East which was solely based on the acquisition of resources and financial gain.
Arthropofauna consumed by the Andean night monkey (Aotus lemurinus) in a forest fragment at the Cordillera Central Colombia
2022-08-23

Arthropods are important food for primates such as night monkeys (Aotus spp.) because they provide easily digestible protein and fat. However, the record of their consumption has been underestimated due to the opportunistic nature of their capture and difficulties in identification. We describe arthropod consumption by a group of Andean night monkeys (Aotus lemurinus) in a fragmented forest in Colombia. Between March and June 2016, we collected scat samples from nocturnal monitoring and visits to the resting site from a group of 4 individuals of the Andean night monkey. We preserved the samples in 96 % alcohol and subsequently visualized them under a stereoscope. The scats were inspected for arthropod fragments that were later determined at the taxonomic level of order and family. In 12 of the 15 scats analyzed, we found 48 arthropod fragments, among which we classified 38 at the order level and 16 at the family level. In total, we identified 7 arthropod orders (6 insects and 1 arachnid) and 9 insect families (5 Coleoptera, 3 Hemiptera and 1 Hymenoptera). The orders with the highest number of fragments in the scats were Coleoptera (21), Hemiptera (5) and Orthoptera (5) and the families were Elateridae and Curculionidae with 5 and 4 numbers of fragments, respectively. We report for the first time the consumption of the order Isoptera, as well as 2 new families of Hemiptera (i.e., Coreidae and Pentatomidae) and 5 families of Coleoptera (i.e., Chrysomelidae, Coccinellidae, Curculionidae, Elateridae and Staphylinidae) in the diet of night monkeys (Aotus spp.). The large number of beetle fragments in the scats of Andean night monkeys could be due to the chitinous composition of their exoskeletons that makes them difficult to degrade. This study provides novel information on the variety of arthropods consumed by the Andean night monkey and compiles all the information on the consumption of this item for the entire genus.
Genomic profiling for clinical decision making in lymphoid neoplasms
2022-08-24

Abstract With the introduction of large-scale molecular profiling methods and high-throughput sequencing technologies, the genomic features of most lymphoid neoplasms have been characterized at an unprecedented scale. Although the principles for the classification and diagnosis of these disorders, founded on a multidimensional definition of disease entities, have been consolidated over the past 25 years, novel genomic data have markedly enhanced our understanding of lymphomagenesis and enriched the description of disease entities at the molecular level. Yet, the current diagnosis of lymphoid tumors is largely based on morphological assessment and immunophenotyping, with only few entities being defined by genomic criteria. This paper, which accompanies the International Consensus Classification of mature lymphoid neoplasms, will address how established assays and newly developed technologies for molecular testing already complement clinical diagnoses and provide a novel lens on disease classification. More specifically, their contributions to diagnosis refinement, risk stratification, and therapy prediction will be considered for the main categories of lymphoid neoplasms. The potential of whole-genome sequencing, circulating tumor DNA analyses, single-cell analyses, and epigenetic profiling will be discussed because these will likely become important future tools for implementing precision medicine approaches in clinical decision making for patients with lymphoid malignancies.
Essential Oils as Multicomponent Mixtures and Their Potential for Human Health and Well-Being
2022-08-24

Essential oils (EOs) and their individual volatile organic constituents have been an inherent part of our civilization for thousands of years. They are widely used as fragrances in perfumes and cosmetics and contribute to a healthy diet, but also act as active ingredients of pharmaceutical products. Their antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties have qualified EOs early on for both, the causal and symptomatic therapy of a number of diseases, but also for prevention. Obtained from natural, mostly plant materials, EOs constitute a typical example of a multicomponent mixture (more than one constituent substances, MOCS) with up to several hundreds of individual compounds, which in a sophisticated composition make up the property of a particular complete EO. The integrative use of EOs as MOCS will play a major role in human and veterinary medicine now and in the future and is already widely used in some cases, e.g. , in aromatherapy for the treatment of psychosomatic complaints, for inhalation in the treatment of respiratory diseases, or topically administered to manage adverse skin diseases. The diversity of molecules with different functionalities exhibits a broad range of multiple physical and chemical properties, which are the base of their multi-target activity as opposed to single isolated compounds. Whether and how such a broad-spectrum effect is reflected in natural mixtures and which kind of pharmacological potential they provide will be considered in the context of ONE Health in more detail in this review.
The OpenGATE ecosystem for Monte Carlo simulation in medical physics
2022-08-24

Abstract This paper reviews the ecosystem of GATE, an open-source Monte Carlo toolkit for medical physics. Based on the shoulders of Geant4, the principal modules (geometry, physics, scorers) are described with brief descriptions of some key concepts (Volume, Actors, Digitizer). The main source code repositories are detailed together with the automated compilation and tests processes (Continuous Integration). We then described how the OpenGATE collaboration managed the collaborative development of about one hundred developers during almost 20 years. The impact of GATE on medical physics and cancer research is then summarized, and examples of a few key applications are given. Finally, future development perspectives are indicated.
Functional Connectivity of the Nucleus Accumbens and Changes in Appetite in Patients With Depression
2022-08-24

Importance Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a substantial burden on health, including changes in appetite and body weight. Heterogeneity of depressive symptoms has hampered the identification of biomarkers that robustly generalize to most patients, thus calling for symptom-based mapping. Objective To define the functional architecture of the reward circuit subserving increases vs decreases in appetite and body weight in patients with MDD by specifying their contributions and influence on disease biomarkers using resting-state functional connectivity (FC). Design, Setting, and Participants In this case-control study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were taken from the Marburg-Münster FOR 2107 Affective Disorder Cohort Study (MACS), collected between September 2014 and November 2016. Cross-sectional data of patients with MDD (n = 407) and healthy control participants (n = 400) were analyzed from March 2018 to June 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Changes in appetite during the depressive episode and their association with FC were examined using fMRI. By taking the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as seed of the reward circuit, associations with opposing changes in appetite were mapped, and a sparse symptom-specific elastic-net model was built with 10-fold cross-validation. Results Among 407 patients with MDD, 249 (61.2%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 36.79 (13.4) years. Reduced NAcc-based FC to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the hippocampus was associated with reduced appetite (vmPFC: bootstrap r = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02-0.23; hippocampus: bootstrap r = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05-0.26). In contrast, reduced NAcc-based FC to the insular ingestive cortex was associated with increased appetite (bootstrap r = −0.14; 95% CI, −0.24 to −0.04). Critically, the cross-validated elastic-net model reflected changes in appetite based on NAcc FC and explained variance increased with increasing symptom severity (all patients: bootstrap r = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.16-0.31; patients with Beck Depression Inventory score of 28 or greater: bootstrap r = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.25-0.58). In contrast, NAcc FC did not classify diagnosis (MDD vs healthy control). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, NAcc-based FC reflected important individual differences in appetite and body weight in patients with depression that can be leveraged for personalized prediction. However, classification of diagnosis using NAcc-based FC did not exceed chance levels. Such symptom-specific associations emphasize the need to map biomarkers onto more confined facets of psychopathology to improve the classification and treatment of MDD.
Cartographic Representations of Coastal Land Loss in Louisiana: An Investigation Based on Deviant Cartographies
2022-08-24

Abstract The claim of topographic cartography to represent things of relevance and at the same time of certain permanent material persistence is challenged by the processes of coastal land loss in Louisiana. This example is used to discuss central points of critical cartography, such as a positivist worldview of cartography, its state-boundedness, and the construction of relevance. These aspects are taken (meta-functionally) as the occasion for reflection and further development of cartography in the sense of post-critical cartography sensitive to hybridities, complexities and contingencies. In doing so, we draw on reflections on deviant cartographies that foreground the consideration of whether changes in cartography have proven professionally or socially useful, suitable, and usable, without resorting to the notion of a comprehensive paradigm shift. The need is particularly evident in the case of land loss in Louisiana, where there is a constantly changing physical space that hardly allows for the construction of a clear dividing line between land and water areas, as is also evident from the analysis of historical and current maps that reflect topographies.
Do Open-Science Badges Increase Trust in Scientists Among Undergraduates, Scientists, and the Public?
2022-08-24

In three experimental studies, we investigated whether badges for open-science practices have the potential to affect trust in scientists and topic-specific epistemic beliefs by student teachers ( n = 270), social scientists ( n = 250), or the public ( n = 257), all of whom were at least 16 years old. Furthermore, we analyzed the moderating role of epistemic beliefs for badges and trust. Each participant was randomly assigned to two of three conditions: badges awarded, badges not awarded, and no badges (control). In all samples, our Bayesian analyses indicated that badges influence trust as expected, with one exception in the public sample: An additional positive effect of awarded badges (compared with no badges) was not supported. For students and scientists, we found evidence for the relation of badges and epistemic beliefs as well as epistemic beliefs and trust. Further, we found evidence for the absence of moderation by epistemic beliefs.
Compiling regional structures in geological databases: The giant quartz veins of the Pyrenees as a case study
2022-08-24

Gathering and arranging specific data related to different types of geological structures in thematic and interactive databases has become central for the geosciences. However, a well-defined workflow to achieve this goal is currently lacking. We present a Geographical Information System-based method for the systematic compilation, evaluation, and interpretation of regional geological structures. The method is demonstrated by indexing 741 giant quartz veins cropping out along the Pyrenees (SW Europe) in a database called GIVEPY (GIant quartz VEins of the PYrenees). The GIVEPY database incorporates information of the geometry, distribution, and statistics of the indexed veins, as well as of their host rocks, and can serve as a starting point for boosting the understanding of giant quartz veins in the Pyrenees and other areas. The first-order structural controls on vein emplacement are hypothesized on the basis of vein distribution and linkage with other brittle and ductile structures, such as faults, folds, shear zones, and regional foliations. Furthermore, we discuss the strengths and limitations of the workflow and its potential application to other geological structures. The GIVEPY database is dynamic and freely available at https://givepy.info/.
Law and psychiatry—current and future perspectives
2022-08-24

We describe relevant interfaces between law and psychiatry and current ethical and legal views and changes within the past decades. Ideas of patient autonomy and patients' rights have been major drivers of changes in legal frameworks. We describe developments in the areas of patient information and informed consent, involuntary placement and involuntary treatment, use of coercive measures, forensic psychiatry, digital mental health, data privacy, physician liability, suicide, assisted suicide, euthanasia, end of life decision-making, advance directives, legal and illegal drugs, and delegation and substitution of professional activities. There is no unidirectional pathway between law and ethics. Views, conflicts, and requirements differ between countries and within countries and will need to be balanced according to the societies' changing values also in the future.
Failure of diet-induced transcriptional adaptations in alpha-synuclein transgenic mice
2022-08-24

Abstract Nutritional influences have been discussed as potential modulators of Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathology through various epidemiological and physiological studies. In animal models, a high-fat diet (HFD) with greater intake of lipid-derived calories leads to accelerated disease onset and progression. The underlying molecular mechanisms of HFD-induced aggravated pathology, however, remain largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to further illuminate the effects of a fat-enriched diet in PD by examining the brainstem and hippocampal transcriptome of alpha-synuclein transgenic mice exposed to a life-long HFD. Investigating individual transcript isoforms, differential gene expression and co-expression clusters, we observed that transcriptional differences between wild-type (WT) and transgenic animals intensified in both regions under HFD. Both brainstem and hippocampus displayed strikingly similar transcriptomic perturbation patterns. Interestingly, expression differences resulted mainly from responses in WT animals to HFD, while these genes remained largely unchanged or were even slightly oppositely regulated by diet in transgenic animals. Genes and co-expressed gene groups exhibiting this dysregulation were linked to metabolic and mitochondrial pathways. Our findings propose the failure of metabolic adaptions as the potential explanation for accelerated disease unfolding under exposure to HFD. From the identified clusters of co-expressed genes, several candidates lend themselves to further functional investigations.
Electroweak renormalization based on gauge-invariant vacuum expectation values of non-linear Higgs representations. Part II. Extended Higgs sectors
2022-08-24

A bstract A recently proposed scheme for a gauge-invariant treatment of tadpole corrections in spontaneously broken gauge theories — called Gauge-Invariant Vacuum expectation value Scheme (GIVS) — is applied to a singlet Higgs extension of the Standard Model and to the Two-Higgs Doublet Model. In contrast to previously used tadpole schemes, the GIVS unifies the gauge-invariance property with perturbative stability. For the Standard Model this was demonstrated for the conversion between on-shell and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>MS</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ̄</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> renormalized masses, where the GIVS leads to very moderate, gauge-independent electroweak corrections. In models with extended scalar sectors, issues with tadpole renormalization exist if Higgs mixing angles are renormalized with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>MS</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ̄</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> conditions, which is the major subject of this article. In detail, we first formulate non-linear representations of the extended scalar sectors, which is an interesting subject in its own right. Then we formulate the GIVS which employs these non-linear representations in the calculation of the tadpole renormalization constants, while actual higher-order calculations in the GIVS proceed in linear representations as usual. Finally, for the considered models we discuss the next-to-leading-order (electroweak and QCD) corrections to the decay processes h / H → WW / ZZ → 4 fermions of the CP-even neutral Higgs bosons h and H using <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>MS</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ̄</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> -renormalized Higgs mixing angles with the GIVS and previously used tadpole treatments.
Bevacizumab May Differentially Improve Prognosis of Advanced Ovarian Cancer Patients with Low Expression of VEGF-A165b, an Antiangiogenic VEGF-A Splice Variant
2022-08-24

Abstract Purpose: The identification of a robust IHC marker to predict the response to antiangiogenic bevacizumab in ovarian cancer is of high clinical interest. VEGF-A, the molecular target of bevacizumab, is expressed as multiple isoforms with pro- or antiangiogenic properties, of which VEGF-A165b is the most dominant antiangiogenic isoform. The balance of VEGF-A isoforms is closely related to the angiogenic capacity of a tumor and may define its vulnerability to antiangiogenic therapy. We investigated whether the expression of VEGF-A165b could be related to the effect of bevacizumab in advanced ovarian cancer patients. Experimental Design: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 413 patients of the ICON7 multicenter phase III trial, treated with standard platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab, were probed for VEGF-A165b expression by IHC. Results: In patients with low VEGF-A165b expression, the addition of bevacizumab to standard platinum-based chemotherapy significantly improved progression-free (HR: 0.727; 95% CI, 0.538–0.984; P = 0.039) and overall survival (HR: 0.662; 95% CI, 0.458–0.958; P = 0.029). Multivariate analysis showed that the addition of bevacizumab in low VEGF-A165b–expressing patients conferred significant improvements in progression-free survival (HR: 0.610; 95% CI, 0.446–0.834; P = 0.002) and overall survival (HR: 0.527; 95% CI, 0.359–0.775; P = 0.001), independently from established risk factors. Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time that bevacizumab may differentially improve the prognosis of advanced ovarian cancer patients with low expression of VEGF-A165b, an antiangiogenic VEGF-A splice variant. We envision that this novel biomarker could be implemented into routine diagnostics and may have direct clinical implications for guiding bevacizumab-related treatment decisions in advanced ovarian cancer patients.
Medical student attitudes on vaccination relevance: A mixed-method study
2022-08-24

Background and objectives The study aims to investigate the attitudes of medical students regarding the importance and relevance of vaccinations, whether vaccinations should be compulsory and how to employ a new teaching concept to deal with vaccination-critical parents. Methods This mixed-method study consists of a quantitative questionnaire and focus groups. Quantitative data were analysed by calculating the descriptive statistics, and interviews were analysed using Mayring’s content analysis. Results A total of 170 medical students completed the questionnaire, and 59 students participated in 9 focus groups. Students reported that they felt more confident dealing with vaccination-critical parents after learning the new teaching concept. Similar results were found for medical students prior to and during the pandemic. During the pandemic, medical students viewed vaccinations for several diseases, such as measles or COVID-19, as important (range: M = 3.56, SD = 0.54 to M = 3.97, SD = 0.17). Similar results were found for medical students prior to the pandemic (range: M = 3.26, SD = 0.77 to M = 3.94, SD = 0.24). In the focus groups, however, medical students displayed controversial attitudes regarding compulsory vaccinations. Conclusions While the medical students agreed on the use of vaccination for highly infectious diseases, their level of agreement decreased depending on the severity of the disease. Practical recommendations that come out of the study are creating a trustful relationship with and delivering information to patients.
Geometric Numerical Integration
2022-08-24

The topics of the workshop included interactions between geometric numerical integration and numerical partial differential equations; geometric aspects of stochastic differential equations; interaction with optimisation and machine learning; new applications of geometric integration in physics; problems of discrete geometry, integrability, and algebraic aspects.
TARGET – Real-World-Evidence study on the long-term benefits of MCT ® -associated pollen allergoid SCIT on AR and asthma
2022-08-24

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) may have a long-term disease modifying effect. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the long-term benefit of MCT®-associated allergoid pollen SCIT (MCT®-associated -AIT) on allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma in clinical practice. Methods: In this retrospective Real-World-Evidence (RWE) study the impact of AIT on the progression of AR and onset of need for asthma medication was analyzed using a German longitudinal database. Anonymized prescription data of AR patients and exactly matched control patients aged from 5-65 years were analyzed. Results: Significantly less patients treated with MCT®-associated-AIT did receive prescriptions for symptomatic AR medication in the follow up period vs. control group (OR: 0.27; p &lt; 0.001). Further, significantly less asthmatic patients under MCT®-associated-AIT did receive prescriptions for asthma medications (OR: 0.48; p = 0.004). In addition, the prescriptions of AR and asthma medication for MCT®-associated-AIT patients were significantly reduced in the follow-up vs. baseline and control group (24.2% and 35.6%, respectively, p &lt; 0.001).The probability of asthma medication onset in non-asthmatic patients during follow-up was significantly reduced for AIT patients compared to controls (OR: 0.77, p = 0.001). All endpoints were significant for children/adolescents and adults in the individual analyses. Conclusions: This study gives evidence for long-term benefits up to 9.5 years of MCT®-associated-AIT on the need for AR and new-onset asthma medication in AR patients and asthma medication in asthmatics in an RWE setting.