julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Positional preferences and narcissism: evidence from ‘money burning’ dictator games
2020-12-16

We study the relationship between positional preferences (i.e., preferences concerning the relative rank or position in comparison to others) and narcissism. We distinguish two dimensions of narcissism: Narcissistic admiration captures self-enhancement through searching for being admired, and narcissistic rivalry captures self-defense through an antagonistic orientation toward others. We use six “money burning” mini-dictator games to measure positional preferences. Controlling for other relevant individual characteristics such as the Big Five personality traits and gender, we find evidence that narcissistic admiration is a negative predictor and narcissistic rivalry a positive predictor of positional preferences. We further find exploratory evidence that studying business or economics as a major (vs. minor) subject is associated with less positional preferences and that the relationships between narcissism and positional preferences are mediated by decision makers’ expectations with regard to other players’ choices.
Calibrating a long-term meteoric 10Be delivery rate into eroding western US glacial deposits by comparing meteoric and in situ produced 10Be depth profiles
2020-12-16

Abstract. Meteoric 10Be (10Bemet) concentrations in soil profiles have great potential as a geochronometer and a tracer of Earth surface processes, particularly in fine-grained soils lacking quartz that would preclude the use of in situ produced 10Be (10Bein situ). One prerequisite for using this technique for accurately calculating rates and dates is constraining the delivery, or flux, of 10Bemet to a site. However, few studies to date have quantified long-term (i.e., millennial) delivery rates, and none have determined a delivery rate for an eroding soil. In this study, we compared existing concentrations of 10Bein situ with new measurements of 10Bemet in eroding soils sampled from the same depth profiles to calibrate a long-term 10Bemet delivery rate. We did so on the Pinedale (∼ 21–25 kyr) and Bull Lake (∼ 140 kyr) glacial moraines at Fremont Lake, Wyoming (USA), where age, grain sizes, weathering indices, and soil properties are known, as are erosion and denudation rates calculated from 10Bein situ. After ensuring sufficient beryllium retention in each profile, solving for the delivery rate of 10Bemet, and normalizing for paleomagnetic and solar intensity variations over the Holocene, we calculate 10Bemet fluxes of 1.46 (±0.20) × 106 atoms cm−2 yr−1 and 1.30 (±0.48) × 106 atoms cm−2 yr−1 to the Pinedale and Bull Lake moraines, respectively, and compare these values to two widely used 10Bemet delivery rate estimation methods that substantially differ for this site. Accurately estimating the 10Bemet flux using these methods requires a consideration of spatial scale and temporally varying parameters (i.e., paleomagnetic field intensity, solar modulation) to ensure the most realistic estimates of 10Bemet-derived erosion rates in future studies.
Motion-form interaction: Motion and form aftereffects induced by distorted static natural scenes
2020-12-16

Spatially varying distortions (SVDs) are common artifacts of spectacles like progressive additional lenses (PALs). To habituate to distortions of PALs, the visual system has to adapt to distortion-induced image alterations, termed skew adaptation. But how this visual adjustment is achieved is largely unknown. This study examines the properties of visual adaptation to distortions of PALs in natural scenes. The visual adaptation in response to altered form and motion features of the natural stimuli were probed in two different psychophysical experiments. Observers were exposed to distortions in natural images, and form and motion aftereffects were tested subsequently in a constant stimuli procedure where subjects were asked to judge the skew, or the motion direction of an according test stimulus. Exposure to skewed natural stimuli induced a shift in perceived undistorted form as well as motion direction, when viewing distorted dynamic natural scenes, and also after exposure to static distorted natural images. Therefore, skew adaptation occurred in form and motion for dynamic visual scenes as well as static images. Thus, specifically in the condition of static skewed images and the test feature of motion direction, cortical interactions between motion-form processing presumably contributed to the adaptation process. In a nutshell, interfeature cortical interactions constituted the adaptation process to distortion of PALs. Thus, comprehensive investigation of adaptation to distortions of PALs would benefit from taking into account content richness of the stimuli to be used, like natural images.
Significant decline of HPV 6 infection and genital warts despite low HPV vaccination coverage in young women in Germany: a long-term prospective, cohort data analysis
2020-12-16

Abstract Background: The introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has resulted in a remarkable decline of genital warts in women and men, but in Germany historical rates of vaccination are relatively low. We report long-term surveillance data on changes in HPV 6 and HPV 11 infection and the prevalence of genital warts in young women in the Wol fsburg HP V e pidemiological s tudy (WOLVES).Methods: Women born in 1983/84, 1988/89, and 1993/94 participated in four cohorts between 2009/10 and 2014/15. Quadrivalent vaccination coverage and prevalence of HPV 6/11 infection and genital warts are reported for participants aged 19−22 years and 24−27 years at the time of sample collection. Statistical analyses were done to compare similarly aged participants using 2 x 2 contingency tables (Röhmel-Mansmann unconditional exact test; two-side alpha of 0.05).Results: A total of 2,456 women were recruited. Between 2010 and 2015, there was a statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of HPV 6 infection among women aged 24−27 years (2.1% versus 0.0%; P&lt;0.0001) and women aged 19−22 years (2.0% versus 0.0%; P=0.0056). There was no significant decline in HPV 11 infection. In total, 52 of 2,341 participants were diagnosed with genital warts. There was a statistically significant drop in the risk of developing genital warts in women aged 24−27 years between 2010 and 2015 (4.7% versus 1.7%, respectively; P=0.0018). The overall risk of developing genital warts in women aged 19−27 years decreased from 3.1% in 2010 to 1.2% in 2015 (P=0.0022).Conclusions: An increase in vaccination coverage was associated with a decreased prevalence of genital warts in young women. A protective effect greater than herd immunity alone was seen despite low vaccination rates. Quadrivalent vaccine had a protective effect on genital HPV 6 infection and an almost fully protective effect on the development of genital warts in the youngest population.
Ferroptotic pores induce Ca2+ fluxes and ESCRT-III activation to modulate cell death kinetics
2020-12-17

Abstract Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated necrosis associated with lipid peroxidation. Despite its key role in the inflammatory outcome of ferroptosis, little is known about the molecular events leading to the disruption of the plasma membrane during this type of cell death. Here we show that a sustained increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ is a hallmark of ferroptosis that precedes complete bursting of the cell. We report that plasma membrane damage leading to ferroptosis is associated with membrane nanopores of a few nanometers in radius and that ferroptosis, but not lipid peroxidation, can be delayed by osmoprotectants. Importantly, Ca 2+ fluxes during ferroptosis induce the activation of the ESCRT-III-dependent membrane repair machinery, which counterbalances the kinetics of cell death and modulates the immunological signature of ferroptosis. Our findings with ferroptosis provide a unifying concept that sustained increase of cytosolic Ca 2+ prior to plasma membrane rupture is a common feature of regulated types of necrosis and position ESCRT-III activation as a general protective mechanism in these lytic cell death pathways.
Surface Subsidence in Urbanized Coastal Areas: PSI Methods Based on Sentinel-1 for Ho Chi Minh City
2020-12-17

In Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, though at present flooding is merely a recurring nuisance, there is increasing concern that a combination of impending climate change and rapid urbanization will significantly exacerbate the situation. Given the significant measures taken in HCMC to reduce groundwater extraction and sea-level rise (SLR) inundation since the most recent subsidence studies, we aim to update and contribute to the subsidence information of HCMC with continuous temporal coverage from 2017 to 2019. In this study, we use Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) with Copernicus Sentinel-1 data and open source tools to determine current subsidence rates within the urban center of HCMC. Additionally, the scalability of this method and use of freely accessible data allows for continuous updating and monitoring of this high-vulnerability region. The observed average subsidence rates were 3.3 mm per year with a maximum local subsidence of 5.3 cm per year. These results largely align with findings of previous studies and reflect similar spatial distributed subsidence patterns. Inundation risk awareness is enhanced by not only continued improved subsidence analysis, but also incorporating latest advancements in Digital Elevation Model (DEM) accuracy. This study compares local differences between traditionally used AW3D30 DEM with the CoastalDEM. Our findings indicate that although we identify lower than previously accepted elevations in the urban core, that stabilization of subsidence is observed in this same region.
The evolutionary pattern of language in scientific writings: A case study of Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society (1665–1869)
2020-12-17

Abstract Scientific writings, as one essential part of human culture, have evolved over centuries into their current form. Knowing how scientific writings evolved is particularly helpful in understanding how trends in scientific culture developed. It also allows us to better understand how scientific culture was interwoven with human culture generally. The availability of massive digitized texts and the progress in computational technologies today provide us with a convenient and credible way to discern the evolutionary patterns in scientific writings by examining the diachronic linguistic changes. The linguistic changes in scientific writings reflect the genre shifts that took place with historical changes in science and scientific writings. This study investigates a general evolutionary linguistic pattern in scientific writings. It does so by merging two credible computational methods: relative entropy; word-embedding concreteness and imageability. It thus creates a novel quantitative methodology and applies this to the examination of diachronic changes in the Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society (PTRS, 1665–1869). The data from two computational approaches can be well mapped to support the argument that this journal followed the evolutionary trend of increasing professionalization and specialization. But it also shows that language use in this journal was greatly influenced by historical events and other socio-cultural factors. This study, as a “culturomic” approach, demonstrates that the linguistic evolutionary patterns in scientific discourse have been interrupted by external factors even though this scientific discourse would likely have cumulatively developed into a professional and specialized genre. The approaches proposed by this study can make a great contribution to full-text analysis in scientometrics.
Ecological conditions during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition (MIS 3) in Iberia: the cold‐adapted faunal remains from Mainea, northern Iberian Peninsula
2020-12-17

Cold‐adapted faunal populations shifted southwards during the coldest episodes of the Middle and Late Pleistocene, reaching the Iberian Peninsula. In this context, some of these species, such as Coelodonta antiquitatis and Mammuthus primigenius extended throughout the territory, leaving evidence in, at least, 35 and 29 sites, respectively; however, in most cases, the evidence is scarce. Here we present the fossil assemblage from Mainea cave (Uitzi, Navarre, northern Iberian Peninsula), one of the sites yielding cold‐adapted faunal remains closer to the Pyrenees. The cave possibly acted as a natural trap due to its external geomorphology (a sinkhole) and the absence of aerial exposure, anthropogenic marks or evidence compatible with this site being a hyena den. This site has yielded the most evidence of Coelodonta antiquitatis remains (NISP = 190) and one of the most abundant in terms of number of individuals (five, each with different ages at death) for the Iberian Peninsula, five remains attributed to a single Mammuthus primigenius and a single Cervus elaphus remain. The direct dating of a woolly rhinoceros tooth (46 354–44 428 2σ cal. a BP) places Mainea within MIS 3, between the H4 and H5 Heinrich Events, during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition, within a context of changes in human behaviour and human species replacement in Europe. We have performed the first collagen isotopic analysis for a woolly rhinoceros from the Iberian Peninsula. The δ 13 C and δ 15 N values of the Coelodonta antiquitatis remains are similar to other European sites, thus suggesting the presence of Mammoth steppe environments at relatively high altitudes, which would compensate for the southern latitude. This would be consistent with the presence of open environments in lower altitudes. This site expands our understanding of the ecology of cold‐adapted faunas at their furthest southern range limit during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition.
A deep learning backcasting approach to the electrolyte, metabolite, and acid-base parameters that predict risk in ICU patients
2020-12-17

Background A powerful risk model allows clinicians, at the bedside, to ensure the early identification of and decision-making for patients showing signs of developing physiological instability during treatment. The aim of this study was to enhance the identification of patients at risk for deterioration through an accurate model using electrolyte, metabolite, and acid-base parameters near the end of patients’ intensive care unit (ICU) stays. Methods This retrospective study included 5157 adult patients during the last 72 hours of their ICU stays. The patients from the MIMIC-III database who had serum lactate, pH, bicarbonate, potassium, calcium, glucose, chloride, and sodium values available, along with the times at which those data were recorded, were selected. Survivor data from the last 24 hours before discharge and four sets of nonsurvivor data from 48–72, 24–48, 8–24, and 0–8 hours before death were analyzed. Deep learning (DL), random forest (RF) and generalized linear model (GLM) analyses were applied for model construction and compared in terms of performance according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A DL backcasting approach was used to assess predictors of death vs. discharge up to 72 hours in advance. Results The DL, RF and GLM models achieved the highest performance for nonsurvivors 0–8 hours before death versus survivors compared with nonsurvivors 8–24, 24–48 and 48–72 hours before death versus survivors. The DL assessment outperformed the RF and GLM assessments and achieved discrimination, with an AUC of 0.982, specificity of 0.947, and sensitivity of 0.935. The DL backcasting approach achieved discrimination with an AUC of 0.898 compared with the DL native model of nonsurvivors from 8–24 hours before death versus survivors with an AUC of 0.894. The DL backcasting approach achieved discrimination with an AUC of 0.871 compared with the DL native model of nonsurvivors from 48–72 hours before death versus survivors with an AUC of 0.846. Conclusions The DL backcasting approach could be used to simultaneously monitor changes in the electrolyte, metabolite, and acid-base parameters of patients who develop physiological instability during ICU treatment and predict the risk of death over a period of hours to days.
Endoscopic negative pressure therapy for upper gastrointestinal leaks: description of a fashioned device allowing simultaneous enteral feeding
2020-12-17

ENPT using the OFD method is an effective strategy to heal GI leaks and anastomotic defects. The capacity for simultaneous feeding is paramount and advantageous, obviating the need for 2 transnasal catheters and allowing easier placement in the target lesion, with minimal tissue adhesiveness.
Synthesis, Structure and Electronic Properties of Three Tin Oxide Halides
2020-12-17

Abstract Three tin oxide halides, Sn 7 O 4 Cl 6 , Sn 7 O 4 Br 6 , and Sn 4 OI 6 , were synthesized by solid‐state reactions of SnO and SnX 2 (X=Cl, Br, I) at 300 °C. Crystal structures were solved and refined from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data, revealing the presence of cubane‐like [Sn 4 O 4 ] units in the structures of Sn 7 O 4 Cl 6 and Sn 7 O 4 Br 6 . The electronic structure of Sn 7 O 4 Cl 6 was analyzed by DFT band structure calculations and the electron localization function (ELF).
Territorial Responses of Nuthatches Sitta europaea—Evaluation of a Robot Model in a Simulated Territorial Intrusion
2020-12-17

In birds, aggressive behavior can be elicited in the field with a simulated territory intrusion (STI). Here, we compared four different STI methods in nuthatches in the non-breeding season: playback only, playback combined with an inactive wooden model mounted on a robot device, playback and an active model mounted on a robot device, and playback with the robot device only. In the control treatment, birds were not exposed to STI. Experiments were carried out in 12 territories. Behavioral observations included latency to approach, latency to start calling, time spent in the same tree, number of flyovers, minimum distance, number of individuals, number of flights into the tree, and number of calls. There was no significant influence of stimulus presentation. Nuthatches responded equally to all four experimental manipulations, but order of presentation had a strong influence.
Comment on Exceptionally high heat flux needed to sustain theNortheast Greenland Ice Stream by S. Smith-Johnson et al., TheCryosphere, 14, 841–854, 2020
2020-12-17

Abstract. Smith-Johnson et al. (The Cryosphere, 14, 841–854, 2020) model the effect of a potential hotspot on the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS). They argue that a heat flux of at least 970 mW m−2 is required to have initiated or control NEGIS. Such an exceptionally high heat flux would be unique in the world and is incompatible with known geological processes that can raise the heat flux. NEGIS is thus formed and controlled by some other, yet unknown, process.
cAMP prevents antibody-mediated thrombus formation in COVID-19
2020-12-17

Abstract Thromboembolic events are frequently reported in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the exact mechanisms of thromboembolic events remain elusive. In this work, we show that immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass in patients with COVID-19 trigger the formation of procoagulant PLTs in a Fc-gamma-RIIA (FcγRIIA) dependent pathway leading to increased thrombus formation in vitro. Most importantly, these events were significantly inhibited via FcγRIIA blockade as well as by the elevation of PLTs’ intracellular cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate (cAMP) levels by the clinical used agent Iloprost. The novel findings of FcγRIIA mediated prothrombotic conditions in terms of procoagulant PLTs leading to higher thrombus formation as well as the successful inhibition of these events via Iloprost could be promising for the future treatment of the complex coagulopathy observed in COVID-19 disease. Key points - Fc-gamma-receptor IIA mediated PS externalization on the PLT surface triggers increased thrombus formation - Inductors of cAMP inhibit antibody-mediated thrombus formation and may have potential therapeutic advantage in COVID-19
Individual differences in cognitive offloading: A comparison of intention offloading, pattern copy, and short-term memory capacity
2020-12-17

The cognitive load of many everyday life tasks exceeds known limitations of short-term memory. One strategy to compensate for information overload is cognitive offloading which refers to the externalization of cognitive processes such as reminder setting instead of memorizing. There appears to be remarkable variance in offloading behavior between participants which poses the question whether there is a common factor influencing offloading behavior across different tasks tackling short-term memory processes. To pursue this question, we studied individual differences in offloading behavior between two well-established offloading ¬¬paradigms: the intention offloading task which tackles memory for intentions and the pattern copy task which tackles continuous short-term memory load. Our study also included an unrelated task measuring short-term memory capacity. Each participant completed all tasks twice on two consecutive days in order to obtain reliability scores. Despite high reliability scores, individual differences in offloading behavior were uncorrelated between the two offloading tasks. In both tasks, however, individual differences in offloading behavior were correlated with the individual differences in an unrelated short-term memory task. Our results therefore show that offloading behavior cannot simply be explained in terms of a single common factor driving offloading behavior across tasks. We discuss the implications of this finding for future research investigating the interrelations of offloading behavior across different tasks.
NirA is an alternative nitrite reductase fromPseudomonas aeruginosawith potential as an anti-virulence target
2020-12-17

ABSTRACT The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces an arsenal of virulence factors causing a wide range of diseases in multiple hosts and is difficult to eradicate due to its intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. With the antibacterial pipeline drying up, anti-virulence therapy has become an attractive alternative strategy to the traditional use of antibiotics to treat P. aeruginosa infections. To identify P. aeruginosa genes required for virulence in multiple hosts, a random library of Tn5 mutants in PAO1-L was previously screened in vitro for those showing pleiotropic effects in the production of virulence phenotypes. Using this strategy, we have identified a Tn5 mutant with an insertion in PA4130 showing reduced levels in a number of virulence traits in vitro . Construction of an isogenic mutant in this gene presented similar results as those from the Tn5 mutant. Furthermore, the PA4130 isogenic mutant showed substantial attenuation in disease models of Drosophila melanogaster , Caenorhabditis elegans as well as decreased toxicity in human cell lines. This mutant also presented an 80% increased survival in murine acute and agar-bead lung infection models. PA4130 codes for a protein with homology to nitrite and sulphite reductases. Overexpression of PA4130 in the presence of the siroheme synthase CysG enabled its purification as a soluble protein. Methyl viologen oxidation assays with purified PA4130 showed that this protein is a nitrite reductase operating in a siroheme and 4Fe-4S dependant manner. The preference for nitrite and the production of ammonium revealed that PA4130 is an ammonia:ferredoxin nitrite reductase and hence was named as NirA.