julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Heart Rate Variability and Functional Outcomes of Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
2024-08-16

Background: The relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) changes potentially indicating autonomic dysregulation following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and functional outcome has not yet been fully elucidated. This study investigated the effects of HRV during the initial 96 h after admission on 90-day functional outcome in ICH patients. Methods: We included patients with spontaneous ICH in a prospective cohort single-center study. Continuous HR data were retrieved from the Intellispace Critical Care and Anesthesia information system (Philips Healthcare) and analyzed within the following time intervals: 0–2, 0–8, 0–12, 0–24, 0–48, 0–72, and 8–16, 16–24, 24–48, 48–72, 72–96 h after admission. HRV was determined from all available HR values by calculating the successive variability (SV), standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CV). Low HRV was set as SD ≤ 11.4 ms, and high HRV as SD &gt; 11.4 ms. The clinical severity of ICH was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and functional outcome using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Good functional outcome was defined as mRS 0–2. Results: The cohort included 261 ICH patients (mean age ± SD 69.6 ± 16.5 years, 48.7% female, median NIHSS 6 (2, 12), median ICH score 1 (0, 2), of whom 106 (40.6%) had good functional outcome. All patients had the lowest HRV at admission, which increased during the first two days. Comparing ICH patients with low HRV (n = 141) and high HRV (n = 118), those with good outcome showed significantly lower HRV during the first three days (0–72 h: HRV SD good outcome 10.6 ± 3.5 ms vs. poor outcome 12.0 ± 4.0 ms; p = 0.004). Logistic regression revealed that advanced age, high premorbid mRS, and high NIHSS at admission were significant predictors of poor functional outcome, while reduced SD of HRV showed a non-significant trend towards good functional outcome (0–72 h: OR 0.898; CI 0.800–1.008; p = 0.067). Conclusions: Our results indicate autonomic dysfunction with sympathetic hyperactivity after spontaneous ICH, as reflected by the evidence of the lower HRV in the first days. Initially increased sympathetic tone appears to have a protective effect, as suggested by the comparatively lower HRV in patients with good functional outcome at the first days.
Glyphosate is a transformation product of a widely used aminopolyphosphonate complexing agent
2024-08-16

<title>Abstract</title> We demonstrate for the first time that the broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate is a stable transformation product during manganese-driven oxidation of diethylenetriamine penta(methylenephosphonate) (DTPMP), a complexing agent widely used in household and industry applications. Glyphosate formation was observed at circumneutral pH (i) in the presence of MnO<sub>2</sub> (with and without dissolved O<sub>2</sub>) as well as (ii) in the presence of Mn<sup>2+</sup> and O<sub>2</sub>. Maximum glyphosate yields varied with reaction conditions and ranged from 0.06 to 0.16 mol-%. Given the ubiquitous presence of manganese in the environment and wastewater treatment systems, Mn-driven transformation of DTPMP likely contributes to glyphosate formation under environmentally relevant conditions. Our results support recent reports of municipal wastewater as a previously neglected source of glyphosate in European surface waters with aminopolyphosphonates as suspected precursors. Therefore, the current approach to protecting water resources from glyphosate contamination needs to be revised, which has significant environmental, legal and economic implications.
Development of peptoid-based heteroaryl-decorated histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors with dual-stage antiplasmodial activity
2024-08-16

Dynamics of epigenetic modifications such as acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins have been shown to be crucial for the life cycle development and survival of Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite. In this study, we present a novel series of peptoid-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors incorporating nitrogen-containing bicyclic heteroaryl residues as a new generation of antiplasmodial peptoid-based HDAC inhibitors. We synthesized the HDAC inhibitors by an efficient multicomponent protocol based on the Ugi four-component reaction. The subsequent screening of 16 compounds from our mini-library identified 6i as the most promising candidate, demonstrating potent activity against asexual blood-stage parasites (IC<sub>50</sub>Pf3D7 = 30 nM; IC<sub>50</sub>PfDd2 = 98 nM), low submicromolar activity against liver-stage parasites (IC<sub>50</sub>PbEEF = 0.25 μM), excellent microsomal stability (t<sub>1/2</sub> > 60 min), and low cytotoxicity to HEK293 cells (IC<sub>50</sub> = 136 μM).
The Role of Parent and Teacher Support in Students’ Academic Development: Changing Associations Over the Course of Adolescence or Always Important For All?
2024-08-16

Teachers and parents are two important socializers for students. During adolescence, relationships with different social interaction partners undergo significant changes. However, empirical evidence regarding potential shifts in the importance of parents’ and teachers’ support for multiple dimensions of adolescents’ academic development over time is still lacking. Additionally, effects of teacher and parent support may differ depending on student background characteristics (gender, migration background, and socioeconomic status), and better understanding these issues is vital for theory building and for supporting students with diverse backgrounds to thrive academically. The present study therefore analyzed data from a longitudinal study with 3,470 adolescents from Germany who participated in yearly assessments from fifth to eighth grade. Results from longitudinal structural equation modelling revealed that parent and teacher support predicted adaptive changes in adolescents’ academic identification with school, school satisfaction, and truancy, whereas only parent support had a positive association with students’ self-concept of academic aptitude and achievement on standardized tests. These associations remained invariant over time and when we used parent reports instead of student reports on support. Moreover, the findings did not differ depending on students’ gender, migration background, or socioeconomic status. We discuss implications of these results for theory and research on adolescent development, and for practice.
Contingency awareness shapes neural responses in fear conditioning
2024-08-16

Abstract Contingency awareness refers to an observer’s ability to identify the association between a conditioned (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US). A widely held belief in human fear conditioning is that this form of associative learning may occur independently of contingency awareness. To test this hypothesis, in this preregistered study ( https://osf.io/vywq7 ), we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) during a task, where participants were presented with compounds of words (from two semantic categories) and tactile stimulation, followed by either a neutral sound (US-) or a loud noise (US+). Based on interviews, participants were divided into an aware (N=50) and an unaware (N=31) group. Only the aware group showed signs of learning, as expressed in larger stimulus-preceding negativity developing before US+ and a stronger theta response to vibrations predicting US+. The aware group also showed stronger alpha and beta suppression around the vibrations and a weaker theta response to US+, possibly indicating heightened attention to the cue and the violation/confirmation of expectation. Personality tests showed that elevated anxiety, neuroticism, higher intolerance of uncertainty, or harm avoidance are not predictive to the acquisition of contingency awareness. Our findings support the notion that fear conditioning, as reflected in cortical measures, cannot occur without contingency awareness.
Morphology and taphonomy of the gastropod Terebralia palustris from an iron age site in the Arabian Peninsula
2024-08-17

Abstract The Indo-Pacific gastropod Terebralia palustris is particularly suitable for comparing natural and anthropogenic induced taphonomic pathways due to its wide geographic distribution and common presence within archeological context. The present study aims to (1) correlate shell architecture and morphology with fragmentation pattern and preservation, (2) quantify taphonomic changes to differentiate between natural vs. anthropogenic preservation features, (3) provide a guideline for analyzing fragmented shell remains in archeological material. Shells and taphonomic features were studied from both recent mangrove environments from the Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates as well as archeological material within the Iron age II site (1000–600 BC) of Muweilah near the City of Sharjah. Techniques utilized include morphometry, thin sectioning, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of recent specimens and a semi—quantitative taphonomic analysis of anthropogenic material. Thin sectioning shows a complex internal shell morphology with a tripartite subdivision of shell layers. The recent material shows better preserved features on both the exterior and internal shell surfaces than the highly fragmented material recovered from the archeological context, which shows a distinct size distribution as well as showing higher levels of surface abrasion, surface cracks and color alterations. These features are correlated to extraction techniques, cooking methods and waste disposal handling.
Assessing the Role of Environmental Covariates and Pixel Size in Soil Property Prediction: A Comparative Study of Various Areas in Southwest Iran
2024-08-18

(1) Background: The use of multiscale prediction or the optimal scaling of predictors can enhance soil maps by applying pixel size in digital soil mapping (DSM). (2) Methods: A total of 200, 50, and 129 surface soil samples (0–30 cm) were collected by the CLHS method in three different areas, namely, the Marvdasht, Bandamir, and Lapuee plains in southwest Iran. Then, four soil properties—soil organic matter (SOM), bulk density (BD), soil shear strength (SS), and mean weighted diameter (MWD)—were measured at each sampling point as representative attributes of soil physical and chemical quality. This study examined different-scale scenarios ranging from resampling the original 30 m digital elevation model and remote sensing indices to various pixel sizes, including 60 × 60, 90 × 90, 120 × 120, and up to 2100 × 2100 m. (3) Results: After evaluating 22 environmental covariates, 11 of them were identified as the most suitable candidates for predicting soil properties based on recursive feature elimination (RFE) and expert opinion methods. Furthermore, among different pixel size scenarios for SOM, BD, SS, and MWD, the highest accuracy was achieved at 1200 × 1200 m (R2 = 0.35), 180 × 180 m (R2 = 0.67), 1200 × 1200 m (R2 = 0.42), and 2100 × 2100 m (R2 = 0.34), respectively, in Marvdasht plain. (4) Conclusions: Adjusting the pixel size improves the capture of soil property variability, enhancing mapping precision and supporting effective decision making for crop management, irrigation, and land use planning.
The role of emerging elites in the formation and development of communities after the fall of the Roman Empire
2024-08-19

Elites played a pivotal role in the formation of post-Roman Europe on both macro- and microlevels during the Early Medieval period. History and archaeology have long focused on their description and identification based on written sources or through their archaeological record. We provide a different perspective on this topic by integrating paleogenomic, archaeological, and isotopic data to gain insights into the role of one such elite group in a Langobard period community near Collegno, Italy dated to the 6-8th centuries CE. Our analysis of 28 newly sequenced genomes together with 24 previously published ones combined with isotope (Sr, C, N) measurements revealed that this community was established by and organized around a network of biologically and socially related individuals likely composed of multiple elite families that over time developed into a single extended pedigree. The community also included individuals with diverse genetic ancestries, maintaining its diversity by integrating newcomers and groups in later stages of its existence. This study highlights how shifts in political power and migration impacted the formation and development of a small rural community within a key region of the former Western Roman Empire after its dissolution and the emergence of a new kingdom. Furthermore, it suggests that Early Medieval elites had the capacity to incorporate individuals from varied backgrounds and that these elites were the result of (political) agency rather than belonging to biologically homogeneous groups.
Frequency Bias Causes Overestimation of Climate Change Impacts on Global Flood Occurrence
2024-08-19

Abstract The frequency change of 100‐year flood events is often determined by fitting extreme value distributions to annual maximum discharge from a historical base period. This study demonstrates that this approach may significantly bias the computed flood frequency change. An idealized experiment shows frequency bias exceeding 100% for a 50‐year base period. Further analyses using Monte Carlo simulations, mathematical derivations, and hydrological model outputs reveal that bias magnitude inversely relates to base period length and is weakly influenced by the generalized extreme value distribution's shape parameter. The bias, persisting across different estimation methods, implies floods may exceed local defenses designed based on short historical records more often than expected, even without climate change. We introduce a frequency bias adjustment method, which significantly reduces the projected rise in global flood occurrence. This suggests a substantial part of the earlier projected increase in flood occurrence and impacts is not attributable to climate change.
Applying the V.E.R.A. method to entheses of the humerus: An assessment of repeatability and reproducibility
2024-08-19

Abstract The “Validated Entheses‐based Reconstruction of Activity” (V.E.R.A.) method has proven to be a reliable method for the quantification and analysis of entheses. However, this method has only been successfully applied to human hand bones and animal long bones. This study tests the general applicability of the V.E.R.A. method to the human humerus, focusing on evaluating its reliability and repeatability. The sample included 23 humeri of unknown origin and background. The V.E.R.A. method was applied to six entheses of the humerus, comprising the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, common extensor origin, and common flexor origin. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and percentage of error statistics were used to measure intraobserver error. Interobserver error was assessed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Lin's CCC. Intraobserver rates were between 1.83% and 3.23%. Interobserver error values were excellent, with no significant differences found in the ANOVA tests; Lin's CCC values were all above 0.90, with only the common extensor origin being 0.87; and ICC values were all above 0.97. Our results showed that the V.E.R.A. method is highly reliable and reproducible for the six entheses of the human humerus selected for this study. These results demonstrate the vast potential for the V.E.R.A. method to be applied to other parts of the human skeleton.
Synthesis, Structure, Electrochemical Properties, and Antioxidant Activity of Organogermanium(IV) Catecholate Complexes
2024-08-19

A series of novel organogermanium(IV) catecholates 1–9 of the general formula R’2Ge(Cat), where R’ = Ph, Et, have been synthesized. Compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of 1–3, 6, and 8 in crystal state were established using single-crystal X-ray analysis. The complexes are tetracoordinate germanium(IV) compounds containing a dioxolene ligand in a dianion (catecholato) form. Electrochemical transformations of target germanium(IV) complexes have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. The electro-oxidation mechanism of complexes 1–5, 7, and 10 (the related complex Ph2Ge(3,5-Cat) where 3,5-Cat is 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholate) involves the consecutive formation of mono- and dicationic derivatives containing the oxidized forms of redox-active ligands. The stability of the generated monocations depends both on the hydrocarbon groups at the germanium atom and on the substituents in the catecholate ring. Compounds 6, 8, and 9 are oxidized irreversibly under the electrochemical conditions with the formation of unstable complexes. The radical scavenging activity and antioxidant properties of new complexes were estimated in the reaction with DPPH radical, ABTS radical cation, and CUPRACTEAC assay. It has been found that compounds 8 and 9 with benzothiazole or phenol fragments are more active in DPPH test. The presence of electron-rich moieties in the catecholate ligand makes complexes 5 and 7–9 more reactive to ABTS radical cation. The value of CUPRACTEAC for organogermanium(IV) catecholates varies from 0.23 to 1.45. The effect of compounds 1–9 in the process of lipid peroxidation of rat liver (Wistar) homogenate was determined in vitro. It was found that most compounds are characterized by pronounced antioxidant activity. A feature of complexes 1, 3, and 5–9 is the intensification of the antioxidant action with the incubation time. In the presence of additives of complexes 3, 5, 6, and 8, an induction period was observed during the process of lipid peroxidation.
Perisaccadic perceptual mislocalization strength depends on the visual appearance of saccade targets
2024-08-19

Abstract We normally perceive a stable visual environment despite repetitive eye movements. To achieve such stability, visual processing integrates information across saccades, and laboratory hallmarks of such integration are robustly observed by presenting brief perimovement visual probes. In one classic phenomenon, perceived probe locations are grossly erroneous. This phenomenon is believed to depend, at least in part, on corollary discharge associated with saccade-related neuronal movement commands. However, we recently found that superior colliculus motor bursts, a known source of corollary discharge, can be different for different image appearances of the saccade target. Therefore, here we investigated whether perisaccadic perceptual mislocalization also depends on saccade-target appearance. We asked human participants to generate saccades to either low (0.5 cycles/deg) or high (5 cycles/deg) spatial frequency gratings. We always placed a high contrast target spot at grating center, to ensure matched saccades across image types. We presented brief perisaccadic probes, which were high in contrast to avoid saccadic suppression, and the subjects pointed (via mouse cursor) at their perceived locations. We observed stronger perisaccadic mislocalization for low spatial frequency saccade targets, and for upper visual field probe locations. This was despite matched saccade metrics and kinematics across conditions, and it was also despite matched probe visibility for the different saccade target images (low versus high spatial frequency gratings). To the extent that perisaccadic perceptual mislocalization depends on corollary discharge, our results suggest that such discharge might relay more than just spatial saccade vectors to the visual system; saccade-target visual features can also be transmitted. Significance Brief visual probes are grossly mislocalized when presented in the temporal vicinity of saccades. While the mechanisms of such mislocalization are still under investigation, one component of them could derive from corollary discharge signals associated with saccade movement commands. Here, we were motivated by the observation that superior colliculus movement bursts, one source of corollary discharge, vary with saccade-target image appearance. If so, then perisaccadic mislocalization should also do so, which we confirmed.
A life dedicated to research and ideal: Johannes Müller between empirical universality and idealistic vitalism mirrored in lecture notes from 1851
2024-08-19

Abstract Until the mid-nineteenth century, "physiology" was a comprehensive theory of life, expounded and shaped by Johannes P. Müller (1801–1858). Biologists and medical doctors still refer to him today. In the summer term of 1851, Müller gave a lecture on the Comparative Anatomy of animals. This lecture was attended and recorded by Ernst Zeller (1830–1902), a future physician and zoologist, and has recently been published together with a German transcript. In this paper, we situate Johannes Müller within the intellectual history of his time. Through his "empirical idealism," we show how he opposed the speculative tendencies of the romantic understanding of nature, the emerging evolutionism, and the growing splits in the natural sciences. Müller focused on recognizing living nature as a whole and realizing ideal "phenomena" through his empirical research. He considered the notion of the soul of the world. Müller's lecture transcript serves as a poignant testament to German scientific culture in the mid-nineteenth century, a few years before the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species. It also provides valuable insights into the self-contained epistemological foundations of morphology.
Utilizing Metadata from Heterogeneous Sources within the Framework of the JVMG and GOLEM Projects to Identify Patterns in Anime-based Fandoms on AO3
2024-08-19

This paper offers an overview of the first step in the data alignment and joint research efforts between the Japanese Visual Media Graph (JVMG) and the Graphs and Ontologies for Literary Evolution Models (GOLEM) projects. Focusing on fully or in-part anime based fandoms in the Archive of Our Own (AO3) data in the GOLEM knowledge graph we connected 534 fandoms with 1,734 anime works from the JVMG knowledge graph. The fanfiction publication numbers and dates for these fandoms were then analyzed in conjunction with the various metadata available on the corresponding anime works, such as release date, genre, content rating and user rating. Fixed effects modeling was employed to identify a positive effect of anime releases on fanfiction publication numbers. Furthermore, individual graphs of the top four hundred fandoms’ fanfiction publication numbers over time overlayed with the corresponding anime release dates were also analyzed manually to identify a number of distinct patterns, as well as groups of fandoms for which the invigorating effect of anime releases on fanfiction publication numbers could be clearly identified.