julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Probing the ATIC peak in the cosmic-ray electron spectrum with H.E.S.S.
2009-10-21

The measurement of an excess in the cosmic-ray electron spectrum between 300 and 800 GeV by the ATIC experiment has - together with the PAMELA detection of a rise in the positron fraction up to ≈100 GeV - motivated many interpretations in terms of dark matter scenarios; alternative explanations assume a nearby electron source like a pulsar or supernova remnant. Here we present a measurement of the cosmic-ray electron spectrum with H.E.S.S. starting at 340 GeV. While the overall electron flux measured by H.E.S.S. is consistent with the ATIC data within statistical and systematic errors, the H.E.S.S. data exclude a pronounced peak in the electron spectrum as suggested for interpretation by ATIC. The H.E.S.S. data follow a power-law spectrum with spectral index of 3.0±0.1(stat.)± 0.3(syst.), which steepens at about 1 TeV.
Polymorphonuclear leucocytes consume oxygen in sputum from chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in cystic fibrosis
2009-10-21

The results demonstrate that CF sputum contains PMNs with an active consumption of O(2) for O(-)(2) production and suggest that the respiratory burst is ongoing and causes accelerated O(2) depletion due to formation of O(-)(2) in the lungs of chronically infected patients with CF.
Dynamic ordering and instability of the vortex lattice in Nb films exhibiting moderately strong pinning
2009-10-21

We study the nonlinear effects in the current-voltage characteristics of Nb superconducting thin films, induced both by the current dependence of the pinning force and by the electric-field dependence of the flux-flow resistance of Abrikosov vortices driven by high electric currents. Despite of the quite strong pinning in our samples, by increasing the bias current, in a temperature dependent magnetic-field range, the moving vortex system undergoes a dynamical transition from a disordered to an ordered vortex lattice. Such transition leads to a quite sharp reduction of the dynamic pinning force corresponding to a peak in the current dependence of the differential flux-flow resistance. On the same samples, in a higher voltage-velocity regime, for a different temperature dependent magnetic-field range, an instability of the moving vortex lattice also occurs, with a sudden jump in the curve from the non linear flux-flow branch to the linear normal resistive state. Within the Larkin-Ovchinnikov velocity dependence of the flux-flow resistance, this flux-flow instability has been studied as function of the magnetic field and temperature in order to get out its nonequilibrium electronic nature. Finally, we propose a dynamic phase diagram to describe the vortex lattice motion driven by high electric currents in the presence of such a disordered pinning landscape.
Hadronic Atoms
2009-10-21

We review the theory of hadronic atoms in the framework of quantum chromodynamics, with photons and electrons included (QCD+QED). We illustrate the method by means of π + π − atoms and briefly consider the application of the same approach to several other hadronic atoms.
Severe bilateral intracranial haemorrhage due to alloimmune thrombozytopenia in a premature infant
2009-10-21

A boy weighing 1310 g was born by caesarean section at 30 2/7 weeks’ gestation due to premature contractions. Fetal ultrasound 24 hours prior to delivery was normal. Postnatal cardio-pulmonary adaptation was poor and petechiae were noted. Thrombocytopenia (7.000/μl) and anaemia (7 g/dl) were present requiring transfusion of thrombocytes and packed red blood cells. Following detection of intracranial haemorrhage by ultrasound (fig 1), cranial MRI was done at 8 h of age on a 1.5T MR scanner (Philips, ...
Insights into theArabidopsisAbiotic Stress Response from the AtGenExpress Expression Profile Dataset
2009-10-21

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The AtGenExpress Abiotic Stress Experiment General Findings The Nine Stresses Signal Integration Novel Approaches and Future Developments Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Wiki‐supported learning and knowledge building: effects of incongruity between knowledge and information
2009-10-22

Abstract This study describes the empirical test of a theoretical model of knowledge building with wikis that was recently introduced by Cress and Kimmerle. The underlying assumption of this model is that both learning (as an internal, individual process) and knowledge building (as the creation of public knowledge) are based on the interplay between an individual's knowledge and the information available in the wiki. Incongruity between individual knowledge and the information contained in the wiki will lead to learning (through the acquisition of factual and conceptual knowledge) and to knowledge building (through assimilation and accommodation). In three conditions, the experiment provided the participants with different levels of incongruity between their individual knowledge and information in the wiki by varying the amount of information that was contained in the wiki, while the amount of information that the participants possessed was kept constant. As predicted, the results confirmed that a medium level of incongruity between an individual's knowledge and the information that a wiki contains will best support learning. Moreover, a medium level of incongruity leads to more accommodative knowledge building despite the fact that high and medium levels of incongruity will result in similar amounts of assimilative knowledge building. The implications of these findings were discussed in the concluding remarks.
Altered GABAA,slowInhibition and Network Oscillations in Mice Lacking the GABAAReceptor β3Subunit
2009-10-22

Phasic GABAergic inhibition in hippocampus and neocortex falls into two kinetically distinct categories, GABA A,fast and GABA A,slow . In hippocampal area CA1, GABA A,fast is generally believed to underlie gamma oscillations, whereas the contribution of GABA A,slow to hippocampal rhythms has been speculative. Hypothesizing that GABA A receptors containing the β 3 subunit contribute to GABA A,slow inhibition and that slow inhibitory synapses control excitability as well as contribute to network rhythms, we investigated the consequences of this subunit's absence on synaptic inhibition and network function. In pyramidal neurons of GABA A receptor β 3 subunit-deficient (β 3 −/− ) mice, spontaneous GABA A,slow inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were much less frequent, and evoked GABA A,slow currents were much smaller than in wild-type mice. Fittingly, long-lasting recurrent inhibition of population spikes was less powerful in the mutant, indicating that receptors containing β 3 subunits contribute substantially to GABA A,slow currents in pyramidal neurons. By contrast, slow inhibitory control of GABA A,fast -producing interneurons was unaffected in β 3 −/− mice. In vivo hippocampal network activity was markedly different in the two genotypes. In β 3 −/− mice, epileptiform activity was observed, and theta oscillations were weaker, slower, less regular and less well coordinated across laminae compared with wild-type mice, whereas gamma oscillations were weaker and faster. The amplitude modulation of gamma oscillations at theta frequency (“nesting”) was preserved but was less well coordinated with theta oscillations. With the caveat that seizure-induced changes in inhibitory circuits might have contributed to the changes observed in the mutant animals, our results point to a strong contribution of β 3 subunits to slow GABAergic inhibition onto pyramidal neurons but not onto GABA A,fast -producing interneurons and support different roles for these slow inhibitory synapses in the generation and coordination of hippocampal network rhythms.
No Rebound of Morbidity Following Intermittent Preventive Sulfadoxine‐Pyrimethamine Treatment of Malaria in Infants in Gabon
2009-10-22

In the context of a trial studying intermittent preventive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment of malaria in infants in Lambaréné, Gabon, children aged 18-30 months were followed up after having received their last dose at an age of 15 months. In the intention-to-treat population, the protective efficacy against all malaria episodes was -18.0 (95% confidence interval, -97.4 to 29.5; P = .529). The protective efficacy against first or only anemia episode was -45.3 (95% confidence interval, -234.5 to 36.3; P=.375). The protective efficacies were negative and were not statistically significant. These results do not appear to support the concept of a rebound effect after intermittent preventive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment of malaria in infants. Clinical trials registration. NCT00167843.
4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-methoxymethyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole
2009-10-22

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(17)H(15)FN(2)O, the mol-ecules form a three-dimensional network stabilized by π-π inter-actions between two imidazole rings related by a centre of symmetry. The distance between the centroids is 3.5488 (8) Å. The imidazole ring makes dihedral angles of 14.30 (7) and 33.39 (7)° with the 4-fluoro-phenyl ring and the phenyl ring, respectively.
Hepatic Lipid Composition and Stearoyl-Coenzyme A Desaturase 1 mRNA Expression Can Be Estimated from Plasma VLDL Fatty Acid Ratios
2009-10-23

Abstract Background: Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) catalyzes the limiting step of monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in humans and is an important player in triglyceride generation. SCD1 has been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Therefore it is of great importance to determine SCD1 activity in human samples. In this study we aimed to evaluate a hepatic SCD1 activity index derived from plasma VLDL triglyceride composition as a tool to estimate hepatic SCD1 expression in humans. Additionally, we further evaluated commonly used fatty acid ratios [elongase, de novo lipogenesis, and Δ5 and Δ6 desaturase] in plasma VLDL and hepatic lipid fractions. Design and methods: Liver biopsies and plasma samples were simultaneously collected from 15 individuals. Plasma VLDL was obtained by ultracentrifugation. Hepatic and plasma VLDL lipids were fractionated by thin-layer chromatography, and the fatty acid composition of each fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography. Hepatic SCD1 expression was determined by real-time PCR. Results: Hepatic SCD1 mRNA expression was associated with the product/precursor ratios (16:1/16:0 and 18:1/18:0) of hepatic lipid fractions. The 16:1/16:0 ratio in hepatic and VLDL triglycerides as well as the 18:1/18:0 ratio in plasma VLDL were closely associated with hepatic SCD1 expression. The hepatic de novo lipogenesis index from triglycerides was associated with expression of lipogenic genes [fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha (ACACA), and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1)] and is closely reflected by the de novo lipogenesis index in VLDL triglycerides. Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that hepatic SCD1 expression can be estimated noninvasively from routine blood samples by measuring the SCD1 activity index in fasting plasma VLDL.
Understanding dynamics of the system using Hilbert phases: An application to study neonatal and fetal brain signals
2009-10-23

The Hilbert phase phi(t) of a signal x(t) exhibits slips when the magnitude of their successive phase difference |phi(t(i+1))-phi(t(i))| exceeds pi. By applying this approach to periodic, uncorrelated, and long-range correlated data, we show that the standard deviation of the time difference between the successive phase slips Deltatau normalized by the percentage of slips in the data is characteristic of the correlation in the data. We consider a 50x50 square lattice and model each lattice point by a second-order autoregressive (AR2) process. Further, we model a subregion of the lattice using a different set of AR2 parameters compared to the rest. By applying the proposed approach to the lattice model, we show that the two distinct parameter regions introduced in the lattice are clearly distinguishable. Finally, we demonstrate the application of this approach to spatiotemporal neonatal and fetal magnetoencephalography signals recorded using 151 superconducting quantum interference device sensors to identify the sensors containing the neonatal and fetal brain signals and discuss the improved performance of this approach over the traditionally used spectral approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Constitutional Isomerism of BiW6Cl15: (BiCl)[W6Cl14] and (BiCl2)[W6Cl13].
2009-10-23

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Intrahepatic long‐term persistence of parvovirus B19 and its role in chronic viral hepatitis
2009-10-25

Abstract Parvovirus B19 (B19V) has been detected in the liver of Asian patients infected with HBV and may contribute to acute and chronic liver disease. This study aimed to investigate the impact of B19V infection in European patients with viral hepatitis. B19V DNA was detected in 1/91 and 0/50 serum samples from patients with chronic hepatitis C and B, respectively. In contrast, B19V DNA was amplified frequently from explanted end‐stage liver tissues (37/50, 74%) and from routine biopsy samples (14/32, 44%) ( P &lt; 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in B19V copy number per cell between these two groups. B19V‐specific CD4 + T‐cell responses to two dominant MHC‐class‐restricted epitopes were detected in a similar frequency in healthy anti‐B19V‐positive individuals (3/19; 16%) and patients with chronic hepatitis C (3/13; 23%). These results indicate that B19V can persist in the liver. However, there is no evidence that B19V is a “hepatitis virus” worsening liver disease in European patients with chronic hepatitis C. J. Med. Virol. 81:2079–2088, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Understanding learning
2009-10-25

Learning "the wiki way", learning through wikis is a form of self-regulated learning that is independent of formal learning settings and takes place in a community of knowledge. Such a community may work jointly on a digital artifact to create new, innovative and emergent knowledge. We regard wikis as a prototype of tools for community-based learning, and point out five relevant features. We will present the co-evolution model, as introduced by Cress and Kimmerle [3][4], that may be understood as a framework to describe learning in the wiki way. This model describes collaborative knowledge building as a co-evolution between cognitive and social systems. To investigate learning the wiki way, we have to consider both individual processes and processes within the wiki, which represent the processes that are going on within a community.
A Randomized Trial Assessing the Safety and Immunogenicity of AS01 and AS02 Adjuvanted RTS,S Malaria Vaccine Candidates in Children in Gabon
2009-10-26

BACKGROUND: The malaria vaccine candidate antigen RTS,S includes parts of the pre-erythrocytic stage circumsporozoite protein fused to the Hepatitis B surface antigen. Two Adjuvant Systems are in development for this vaccine, an oil-in water emulsion – based formulation (AS02) and a formulation based on liposomes (AS01). METHODS &amp; PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this Phase II, double-blind study (NCT00307021), 180 healthy Gabonese children aged 18 months to 4 years were randomized to receive either RTS,S/AS01(E) or RTS,S/AS02(D), on a 0–1–2 month vaccination schedule. The children were followed-up daily for six days after each vaccination and monthly for 14 months. Blood samples were collected at 4 time-points. Both vaccines were well tolerated. Safety parameters were distributed similarly between the two groups. Both vaccines elicited a strong specific immune response after Doses 2 and 3 with a ratio of anti-CS GMT titers (AS02(D)/AS01(E)) of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.68–1.15) post-Dose 3. After Doses 2 and 3 of experimental vaccines, anti-CS and anti-HBs antibody GMTs were higher in children who had been previously vaccinated with at least one dose of hepatitis B vaccine compared to those not previously vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS: RTS,S/AS01(E) proved similarly as well tolerated and immunogenic as RTS,S/AS02(D), completing an essential step in the age de-escalation process within the RTS,S clinical development plan. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT00307021
Soft X‐ray spectro‐tomography study of cyanobacterial biomineral nucleation
2009-10-26

Abstract Quantitative three‐dimensional (3D) chemical mapping using angle‐scan spectro‐tomography in a scanning transmission (soft) X‐ray microscope (STXM) has been used for the first time to characterize the early stages of CaCO 3 biomineral nucleation on the surface of planktonic freshwater cyanobacterial cells of the strain Synechococcus leopoliensis PCC 7942. The apparatus for STXM angle‐scan tomography is described. Aspects of sample preparation, sample mounting and data acquisition and quantitative analysis and interpretation are discussed in detail. Angle‐scan tomography and chemically selective 3D imaging at multiple photon energies has been combined with a complete 2D spectromicroscopic characterization of the biochemical and mineralogical composition. This has provided detailed insights into the mechanisms of mineral nucleation, leading to development of a detailed model of CaCO 3 nucleation by the cyanobacterial strain S. leopoliensis PCC 7942. It shows that Ca is absorbed by the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the cyanobacteria and that CaCO 3 with aragonite‐like short‐range order is precipitated rather homogeneously within the EPS. The precipitation of the thermodynamically more stable calcite polymorph then starts at Ca‐rich hot spots within the EPS and close to the cyanobacteria.
Coherent state model extension for the description of positive and negative parity bands in even-odd nuclei
2009-10-26

A particle-core Hamiltonian is used to describe the lowest parity partner\\nbands in U and Pu. The quadrupole and\\noctupole boson Hamiltonian associated to the core is identical to the one\\npreviously used for the description of four positive and four negative parity\\nbands in the neighboring even-even isotopes. The single particle space for the\\nodd nucleon consists of three spherical shell model states, two of positive and\\none of negative parity. The particle-core Hamiltonian consists of four terms: a\\nquadrupole-quadrupole, an octupole-octupole, a spin-spin and a rotational\\n interaction, with denoting the total angular momentum.\\nThe parameters involved in the particle-core coupling Hamiltonian were fixed by\\nfitting four particular energies in the two bands. The calculated excitation\\nenergies are compared with the corresponding experimental data as well as with\\nthose obtained with other approaches. Also, we searched for some signatures for\\na static octupole deformation in the considered odd isotopes.\\n
Thermotectonic evolution of the Ukrainian Donbas Foldbelt revisited: new constraints from zircon and apatite fission track data
2009-10-26

ABSTRACT The Donbas Foldbelt (DF) is the compressionally deformed segment of a large Late Palaeozoic rift cross‐cutting the southern part of the East European Craton and is traditionally described as a classic example of an inverted intracratonic rift basin. Proposed formational models are often controversial and numerous issues are still a matter of speculation, primarily due to the lack of absolute time constraints and insufficient knowledge of the thermal evolution. We investigate the low‐temperature thermal history of the DF by means of zircon fission track and apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology applied to Upper Carboniferous sediments. In all samples, the AFT chronometer was reset shortly after deposition in the Early Permian (∼275 Ma). Samples contained kinetically variable apatites that are sensitive to different temperatures and using statistic‐based component analysis incorporating annealing characteristics of individual grains assessed by D par , we identified several distinct age populations, ranging from the Late Permian (∼265 Ma) to the Late Cretaceous (∼70 Ma). We could thus constrain the thermal history of the DF during a ∼200 Myr long period following the thermal maximum. We found that earliest cooling of Permian and Permo‐Triassic age is recorded on the basin margins whereas the central parts were residing in or slowly cooling through the apatite partial annealing zone during Jurassic and most of Cretaceous times, and then finally cooled to near‐surface conditions latest around the Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary. Our data show that Permian erosion was less significant and Mesozoic erosion more significant than generally assumed. Inversion and pop‐up of the DF occurred in the Cretaceous and not in the Permian as previously thought. This is indicated by overall Cretaceous AFT ages in the central parts of the basin.
Tom20 Mediates Localization of mRNAs to Mitochondria in a Translation-Dependent Manner
2009-10-27

mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins are enriched in the vicinity of mitochondria, presumably to facilitate protein transport. A possible mechanism for enrichment may involve interaction of the translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (TOM) complex with the precursor protein while it is translated, thereby leading to association of polysomal mRNAs with mitochondria. To test this hypothesis, we isolated mitochondrial fractions from yeast cells lacking the major import receptor, Tom20, and compared their mRNA repertoire to that of wild-type cells by DNA microarrays. Most mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins were less associated with mitochondria, yet the extent of decrease varied among genes. Analysis of several mRNAs revealed that optimal association of Tom20 target mRNAs requires both translating ribosomes and features within the encoded mitochondrial targeting signal. Recently, Puf3p was implicated in the association of mRNAs with mitochondria through interaction with untranslated regions. We therefore constructed a tom20 Delta puf3 Delta double-knockout strain, which demonstrated growth defects under conditions where fully functional mitochondria are required. Mislocalization effects for few tested mRNAs appeared stronger in the double knockout than in the tom20 Delta strain. Taken together, our data reveal a large-scale mRNA association mode that involves interaction of Tom20p with the translated mitochondrial targeting sequence and may be assisted by Puf3p.