julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Examination of Tumorigenesis of Precursor Lesions in Bladder Cancer by in situ Hybridization
2004-01-01

Through examinations using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of chromosomes 1 and 9, we tried to obtain more information on dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (Cis) in relation to the oncogenesis of bladder cancer. 63 paraffin sections (dysplasia grades I–III and Cis) were evaluated, and 8 negative sections functioned as a control group. For FISH, DNA samples of CEP 1 and 9 (α satellites) were chosen. Gains (aneuploidy) or losses (monosomy) of chromosomal material were determined microscopically. Dysplasia grades I–III showed a 5–18% aberration in chromosome 1 aneuploidy and a 19–29% aberration in monosomy 9. Cis revealed 27% aneuploidy of chromosomes 1 and 9. Although at present dysplasia grade III and Cis of the bladder are viewed as histopathologically identical, we examined both molecular genetic differences in chromosome 9. As referred to in the literature we found the same genetic aberrations for dysplasias (grades I–III) and noninvasive papillary bladder tumors as well as for Cis and solid invasive bladder cancer.
Evaluative contrast in social comparison: the role of distinct and shared features of the self and comparison others
2004-01-01

Abstract Self‐other comparisons frequently evoke contrastive reactions, especially when the comparison dimension is relevant and when people strive to maintain or preserve a positive self‐evaluation. In three studies, normal‐weight women were asked to gauge satisfaction with their body weight. In Study 1, self‐evaluation was affected by accessible distinctive information either referring to the self or to comparison others. Studies 2 and 3 tested whether the evaluative contrast observed in Study 1 is reduced when shared features receive greater weight. Consistent with the proposition that perceived similarity between self and comparison others renders assimilative reactions more likely, evaluative contrast was markedly reduced when similarities were stressed prior to the comparison process, either by suggesting that one shares certain characteristics with others unrelated to the comparison dimension or by increasing the identification with the comparison other through an intergroup contrast.. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Stereochemisty of 3,3-disubstituted 2-methoxy-1,2-oxazolidines
2004-01-01

The conformations and anomeric effects for 1–3 in solution and for 3 in the solid state were investigated. The resolution of 1 by enantioselective gas chromatography was carried out and activation parameters of inversion in 1 were determined. The asymmetric transformation of the title compounds in an optically active solvent is discussed.
Reserpine methonitrate, a novel quaternary analogue of reserpine augments urinary excretion of VMA and 5-HIAA without affecting HVA in rats.
2004-01-01

The present study clearly indicated that the quaternization of reserpine restricts its transfer across the blood-brain barrier and could be the reason for its selective peripheral action. It is also clear that the hypotensive actions of RMN could be due to peripheral depletion of catecholamines.
Renal Tubular Alteration by Crystalluria in Stone Disease – An Experimental Study by Means of MDCK Cells
2004-01-01

&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt; Physicochemical properties of urine do not explain the formation of urinary stones. Clinical findings and results of animal experiments suggest that alteration to the renal tubular cell plays a key role in the initiation of urinary stone formation. It is not clear whether this is a primarily intracellular alteration of metabolic origin which, after lysis of the renal tubular cell in the lumen, presents a nucleus for the formation of concretions, or whether in the lumen it is tubular cell damage induced by crystalluria that triggers the formation of urinary stones. &lt;i&gt;Materials and Method:&lt;/i&gt; Using Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, the influence of crystalluria on the renal tubular cell was tested in cell cultures. The influence of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, oxalate and calcium concentrations and the extent to which these processes can be inhibited by allopurinol and selenium were investigated. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals produced reproducible damage to the renal tubular cell which was independent of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. The crystalluria-induced effects were unrelated to the oxalate and calcium concentration or the pH. Allopurinol and selenium were able to inhibit the processes. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; The results indicate secondary involvement of the renal tubular cell in lithogenesis as a result of luminal alteration caused by calcium oxalate crystals. Mechanical damage and interaction between crystal and tubular cell lead to the apposition of crystals. The nephroprotective effect of allopurinol and selenium as antioxidants might explain the benefit of allopurinol found clinically in terms of stone metaphylaxis.
Accurate Volumetric Measurements of Anatomical Cavities
2004-01-01

Summary Objectives: The volumetric assessment of anatomical cavities is of high relevance for various applications in medicine. Based on 3D scanning (i.e., CT) of these cavities, the volume can be determined by counting the volume elements of a segmentation of that cavity. Unfortunately, elements on the boundary of the segmentation require special treatment to obtain accurate volumetric measurements. In this paper, we propose a novel technique that in particular increases the accuracy of the volume estimation for the boundary elements of segmented anatomical objects. Methods: Based on a 3D segmentation of an anatomical cavity, we recursively subdivide boundary volume elements into a set of simple situations, where the volume can be estimated easily. Results: We performed volumetric measurements on seven datasets of phantom models made of plexiglass (see Fig. 1) scanned by a biplane angiography unit and assessed the quality of our method by comparing the measured volume by our novel method and by the fluid required to fill the phantom cavities. Conclusions: Our method calculates a significantly more accurate volume of the segmented cavities than previous methods. Nevertheless, it is only slightly more computationally expensive.
Problems in fast intraoperative diagnosis in Hirschsprung's disease.
2004-01-01

Histopathological evaluation of the proximal segment in colonic resections/biopsies for Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is very important because of the strong link between proximal segment histology and postoperative outcome. Therefore, we investigated whether a recently described rapid immunohistochemical staining technique using EnVision-antibody-complex is suitable for intraoperative diagnosis during surgery in HD. Various antibodies were applied on frozen sections from 20 colonic tissue samples including aganglionic segments, segments from the transitional zone, and normally innervated bowel segments to show ganglion cells (GCs) and cholinergic fibres. Several antibodies revealed positive staining of GCs (neurofilament, synaptophysin, peripherin, neural cell adhesion molecule/NCAM/CD56). However, none of these antibodies selectively identifies GCs. Microtubuli-associated protein 2/MAP2 stained few GCs only when incubation times were extensively prolonged. The antibodies applied to determine cholinergic innervation by immunohistochemistry (Acetylcholinesterase/AChE, cholinergic Acetyltransferase/chAT) failed. Rapid immunohistochemical technique using EnVision-antibody-complex on frozen sections of the large bowel is a) suitable for detection of many diverse antigens, including several neuronal antigens, b) not helpful to prove the presence or the absence of ganglion cells with any of the antibodies applied, c) not suitable to display the cholinergic innervation and iv) therefore is not helpful to shorten the consumption time during surgery in HD.
July 2003: 62‐year‐old female with progressive muscular weakness
2004-01-01

The July 2003 Case of the Month (COM). A 62-year-old female patient experienced progressive muscular weakness over the last ten years, involving shoulder and pelvic girdle muscles, paraspinal and facial muscles. A biopsy was taken from the left deltoid muscle where hepatitis vaccination had taken place 4 weeks previously. The specimen revealed macrophagic myofasciitis due to the injection of aluminium-bound vaccines. The finding can be reproduced experimentally by injecting vaccines in rats. The pathomechanism is supposed to involve immune stimulation due to long term persistence of the adjuvant. Macrophagic myofasciitis has been suggested to occasionally cause myopathy but is supposed to be unrelated to the underlying myopathy in our patient.
An examination of underperformance and liquidity of initial public offerings by high growth stocks on the German Neuer Markt
2004-01-01

Eckbo, Masulis, &amp; Norli (2000) question previous examination of initial public offering (IPO) underperformance with the keen argument that the increase in the number of traded shares and the infusion of equity reduce two significant premia in the stock’s return, namely, liquidity risk and financial risk. The new market for high (expected) growth stock in Germany is examined for evidence of underpricing, underperformance, and liquidity improvements during the first two complete years of operation – 1998 and 1999. The initial trading period examines the offering day and also the first ten days of trading (for the investor who can not get allocation but enters the secondary market). The postissue performance study period is taken as the 5‐day period one‐year after the IPO. Using regression of four underpricing measures upon issuing firm characteristics deemed important from the extant literature, we seek to explain the degree of underpricing discovered. We find that substantial underpricing occurs and performance is high one year later, even adjusted for the German market return for the period or the firm‐specific sector performance for the same period. Trading dwindles for most stocks after the offering day. One year later, the trading of the stock is even lower. We do find that the more active the trading in the initial period, the greater the returns and trading one year after.
A Fast Method for Applying Rigid Transformations to Volume Data
2004-01-01

Volume rendering is a widespread method for displaying graphical models in fields such as medical visualization or engineering. The required image information is stored in a volume dataset, which is a threedimensional array of voxel intensities. Sometimes it is necessary to transform a given volume dataset by geometric transformations like rotation, scaling or translation. In this process, a new volume dataset containing the transformed volume is generated. Straightforward algorithms with an emphasis on minimizing the resampling error are the standard approach to computing such transformations. In this paper we present a new algorithm, which is significantly faster than these. Since it is based on a simple interpolation scheme, it is useful for generating fast previews. Depending on their size and voxel bit depth, it can even provide realtime transformation of volumes.
Annotating and Querying a Treebank of Suboptimal Structures
2004-01-01

Existing treebanks of written language, as e.g., TIGER [2], TuBa-D/Z [11], Penn Treebank [1] etc., usually consist of sentences that can be considered as grammatically well-formed. The SINBAD treebank we present here covers a completely new domain, namely suboptimal syntactic structures, i.e., sentences which are neither fully grammatical nor completely ungrammatical, but merely suboptimal.1 The treebank consists of a collection of German sentences that are rated suboptimal or ungrammatical in the literature, as well as of sentences drawn from our own experimental work on graded grammaticality judgments. In the literature, these structures are usually compared with grammatical structures which express the same meaning, and for ease of comparison these were sometimes included in the treebank as well. With this data collection we provide access to negative evidence which does not occur in ordinary corpora of written or spoken language. It is characteristic for suboptimal structures that these data are judged incoherently varying between different speakers and in different contexts. It is therefore important to provide a systematic collection of these judgments in order to allow researchers better access to past judgements on the phenomena they are interested in and thus contribute towards greater consistency, even in tricky cases. Since most work in syntactic theory is based on suboptimal or ungrammatical structures, the treebank aims at providing linguists with a data basis for their research. This requires a rich syntactic annotation with linguistically relevant concepts. The linguistic framework of the annotation is that of generative grammar in the sense that the trees are strictly binary branching and contain traces and empty categories. The
Markup Manual for the Tübingen Partially Parsed Corpus of Written German (TüPP-D/Z)
2004-01-01

This document describes the document markup of TPP-D/Z, the Tbingen Partially Parsed Corpus of Written German. It describes the encoding of segmentation (into paragraphs, sentences, and words), of part-of-speech tags, and of morphological information. It also briefly shows how the levels of clauses, chunks, and topological fields are encoded, and complements Mller (2004), which describes the encoded phenomena in more detail.
CIS: A Web-Based Course Information System
2004-01-01

submissions and grades and holds related information such as worksheet texts, submission deadlines and the assignment of students to teaching assistents. In short, it covers most of the administrative data that comes up in regular university courses. CIS is designed to be used by first-year students conveniently. It aims at modelling real-world procedures, so that the system behaviour can be explained in well-known analogies. It is minimalistic, in the sense that it only takes on the routine work, while leaving the teacher free in any questions of structuring the contents of the course. Our problem statement and analysis focuses to two aspects: The requirements on the central data base and the interfaces for three groups of users: Students, teaching assistants, and teachers/administrators. The actual implementation is straightforward, and we only mention particular decisions taken herein. CIS has been in use at the Wilhelm-Schickard Institut for three years, in courses organized both by the authors and others. The experiences indicate that the system can be considered reliable and mature. As the effort of setting up CIS is small, it has become feasible to employ it for several
A System for Quality Assurance in Radiosurgery
2004-01-01

A quality assurance system has been developed for stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy, to fulfill three goals: first to evaluate the geometrical error within imaging, second to simulate the complete chain of a treatment beginning with the imaging and ending with the application of dose, and third to verify calculated dose distributions in three dimensions with high spatial resolution and accuracy. A water-filled cylindrical imaging phantom has been manufactured in which equally spaced rods are placed. It can be mounted to a stereotactic frame in different orientations to be imaged using CT and MRI. The distances of the rod positions are analyzed and a reference grid can be positioned to calculate displacement vectors according to which e.g. the head coil can be adjusted. The spectral emission of the light and the filters together with the efficiency of the red CCD channel were matched and balanced with the absorption spectra of the radiochromic film used with the adapted drum scanner. Standardized software has been designed for evaluating the film data, for calibration, for correction of temperature and darkening and for test routines. A spherical phantom with shells and inserts of different tissue equivalent materials has been developed to simulate complex treatment situations within the human skull.
A Maximum Density Rule for Surfaces of Quasicrystals
2004-01-01

Motivated by Bravais' rule, of wide validity for crystals, we introduce a maximum density rule for the surfaces of quasicrystals and use it to determine the 5-, 2- and 3-fold bulk terminations in a geometric icosahedral model of i-AlPdMn and i-AlCuFe that represent surfaces.
Irreducible Killing Tensors from Conformal Killing Vectors
2004-01-01

Koutras has proposed some methods to construct reducible proper conformal Killing tensorsand Killing tensors (which are, in general, irreducible) when a pair of orthogonal conformalKilling vectors exist in a given space. We give the completely general result demonstratingthat this severe restriction of orthogonality is unnecessary. In addition we correct andextend some results concerning Killing tensors constructed from a single conformal Killingvector. We give as an example a Kimura metric and demonstrate how it is possible toconstructalargerclassofreducibleproperconformalKillingtensorsandKillingtensorsthanpermitted by the Koutras algorithms. In addition, from our new result that all conformalKilling tensors are reducible in conformally flat spaces, we have a method of constructingall conformal Killing tensors and hence all the Killing tensors (which will in general beirreducible) of conformally flat spaces using their conformal Killing vectors.
Fast and Accurate Environment Modelling using Omnidirectional Vision
2004-01-01

Abstract. This paper describes an algorithm to detect obstacles and landmarks, using the omnidirectional vision system of a RoboCup robot, to build an internal representation of the robot’s environment. The restriction to pixels corresponding to an equally spaced grid on the floor around the robot and a biologically inspired fault-tolerant colour segmentation of this grid result in a fast and robust detection. The performance of the environment modelling concerning computation time and accuracy is addressed by comparing experimental results to object positions given by an absolute positioning system.
Annotating grammatical functions for German using finite-state cascades
2004-01-01

We describe an incremental parser which annotates grammatical functions in German on top of a shallow annotation structure consisting of chunks, topological fields and clauses. Since grammatical functions in German are strongly associated with case, the assignment and disambiguation of morphological information plays a crucial role as a step towards the annotation of grammatical functions. All components of the parsing system rely on finite-state methods to ensure efficient annotation. All stages of the annotation are robust so that they can deal with unexpected input from the source text or failing intermediate annotation components.
Towards a framework and a design methodology for autonomic integrated systems
2004-01-01

The transition from microelectronics to nanoelectronics reaches physical limits and results in a paradigm shift in the design and fabrication of electronic circuits. The conservative worst-case-approach is no longer feasible and has to be replaced by new design methods. These new design methods and tools have to guarantee reliable and robust systems in spite of unsafe and faulty functions on the lowest process levels. This paper proposes autonomic or organic computing principles to be applied to hardware design methods for future SoC solutions. Incorporating self-calibration, fault tolerance or even self-healing concepts into IC systems represents a major conceptual shift which requires new design processes and tools. In the future, guarantee of functional correctness at the chip level will include self-configuration of adaptable components and flexible interfaces supporting a flexible component composition within complex SoC systems. A high quality design process leading to more reliable systems is instrumental to secure a leading position in integrated system design among international competition. Of special interest are typical European application areas like automotive electronics, mobile systems, medical technology, smartcards, etc.
Dynamic guiding of bounded property checking
2004-01-01

Abstract — Current statistics attribute up to 75 % of the overall design costs of digital hardware and embedded system devel-opment to the verification task. In recent years, the trend to augment functional with formal verification tries to alleviate this problem. Efficient property checking algorithms allow automatic verification of middle-sized designs nowadays. However, the steadily increasing design sizes still leave verification the major bottleneck, because formal methodologies do not yet scale to very large designs. In this paper we present the formal verification tool SymC based on forward state space traversal and so-called AR-automata for property checking, both internally represented with BDDs. Furthermore, we introduce a new methodology called dynamic guiding. This methodology best suits multi-module concurrent Finite State Machine (FSM) designs. The aim of guiding is to reduce the intermediate and final BDD size, which in turn makes this verification technique applicable to larger designs. Our approach exploits abstract information of the design in the form of regular expressions and effectively guides the symbolic traversal depending on the verified property. I.
Localisation des firmes multinationales allemandes dans les Pays dEurope de lEst
2004-01-01

Locating German Multinationals in Eastern European Countries by Farid Toubal This paper sets out to study why German multinationals set up in Eastern European countries . An empirical analysis is made of the firms using a new database provided by the Bundesbank . The decision as to where to site German firms is not just dependent on the traditional determinants of FDI (foreign direct investment ). It also depends a great deal on factors inherent in the transition to a free market economy . Keywords : transition economy , FDI , panel
Modeling of Oxygen-Neon Dominated Accretion Disks in Ultracompact X-Ray Binaries: 4U 1626-67
2004-01-01

Abstract We report on first results of computing synthetic spectra from H/He-poor accretion disks in ultracompact LMXBs. We aim at the determination of the chemical composition of the very low-mass donor star, which is the core of a former C/O white dwarf. The abundance analysis allows to draw conclusions on gravitational settling in WDs which is an important process affecting cooling times and pulsational g-mode periods.
Comparison of load balancing algorithms for structured peer-to-peer systems
2004-01-01

Abstract: Among other things, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems are very useful for managing large amounts of widely distributed data. Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) offer a highly scalable and self-organizing approach for efficient and persistent distribution and retrieval of data. However the scalability and performance of DHTs is strongly based on an equal distribution of data across participating nodes. Because this concept is based on hash functions, one assumes that the content is distributed nearly evenly across all DHT-nodes. Nonetheless, most DHTs show difficulties in load balancing as we will point out in this paper. To ensure the major advantages of DHTs – namely scalability, flexibility and resilience – we discuss three approaches of load balancing and compare them corresponding to simulation results. 1