julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
The effects of teachers’ perceptions of community-based teamwork on intrinsic motivation and classroom adjustment
2022-01-01

Recently, in elementary and junior high schools with an emphasis on regional cooperation, teachers are required to demonstrate teamwork with parents and community residents. However, there is little evidence about what kind of educational effect the teacher-parent-resident teamwork would have on children. The present study aimed to examine the effects of homeroom teachers' perceptions of teamwork on the intrinsic motivation of children, and the subjective adjustment of children to the classroom, through a classroom social goals structure. A survey was conducted on 2,225 6th grade elementary school students and 3rd year junior high school students and 235 teachers. The multilevel structural equation modeling revealed that the influence of teamwork on intrinsic motivation and subjective adjustment to the classroom was mediated by the social goals structure. The results suggest that the teacher-parent-resident teamwork is an important factor for creating a comfortable class environment.
Endurance Time During Constant Work Rate Cycle Ergometry in COPD: Development of an Integrated Database From Interventional Studies
2022-01-01

The final dataset included data from 8 bronchodilator studies (2166) participants and 15 exercise training studies (3488 participants). The database includes 71 variables per participant, comprising demographic, pulmonary function, and detailed physiologic response data. This paper provides a detailed description of the analysis population, while analysis supporting the validation/qualification process and addressing other scientific questions will be described in subsequent publications.
Parallel Advantage: Further Evidence for Bottom-up Saliency Computation by Human Primary Visual Cortex
2022-01-01

Finding a target among uniformly oriented non-targets is typically faster when this target is perpendicular, rather than parallel, to the non-targets. The V1 Saliency Hypothesis (V1SH), that neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) signal saliency for exogenous attentional attraction, predicts exactly the opposite in a special case: each target or non-target comprises two equally sized disks displaced from each other by 1.2 disk diameters center-to-center along a line defining its orientation. A target has two white or two black disks. Each non-target has one white disk and one black disk, and thus, unlike the target, activates V1 neurons less when its orientation is parallel rather than perpendicular to the neurons’ preferred orientations. When the target is parallel, rather than perpendicular, to the uniformly oriented non-targets, the target’s evoked V1 response escapes V1’s iso-orientation surround suppression, making the target more salient. I present behavioral observations confirming this prediction.
On the Theory of Deduction, Part II. The Definitions of Classical and Intuitionist Negation (1948)
2022-01-01

This article is a corrected reprint of K. R. Popper (1948c). On the Theory of Deduction, Part II. The Definitions of Classical and Intuitionist Negation. In: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Proceedings of the Section of Sciences 51, pp. 322–331.
Young children spontaneously invent three different types of associative tool use behaviour
2022-01-01

Abstract Associative Tool Use (ATU) describes the use of two or more tools in combination, with the literature further differentiating between Tool set use, Tool composite use, Sequential tool use and Secondary tool use. Research investigating the cognitive processes underlying ATU has shown that some primate and bird species spontaneously invent Tool set and Sequential tool use. Yet studies with humans are sparse. Whether children are also able to spontaneously invent ATU behaviours and at what age this ability emerges is poorly understood. We addressed this gap in the literature with two experiments involving preschoolers (E1, N = 66, 3 years 6 months to 4 years 9 months; E2, N = 119, 3 years 0 months to 6 years 10 months) who were administered novel tasks measuring Tool set, Metatool and Sequential tool use. Participants needed to solve the tasks individually, without the opportunity for social learning (except for enhancement effects). Children from 3 years of age spontaneously invented all of the types of investigated ATU behaviours. Success rates were low, suggesting that individual invention of ATU in novel tasks is still challenging for preschoolers. We discuss how future studies can use and expand our tasks to deepen our understanding of tool use and problem-solving in humans and non-human animals.
Identifying Scenarios in Field Data to Enable Validation of Highly Automated Driving Systems
2022-01-01

Scenario-based approaches for the validation of highly automated driving\\nfunctions are based on the search for safety-critical characteristics of\\ndriving scenarios using software-in-the-loop simulations. This search requires\\ninformation about the shape and probability of scenarios in real-world traffic.\\nThe scope of this work is to develop a method that identifies redefined logical\\ndriving scenarios in field data, so that this information can be derived\\nsubsequently. More precisely, a suitable approach is developed, implemented and\\nvalidated using a traffic scenario as an example. The presented methodology is\\nbased on qualitative modelling of scenarios, which can be detected in\\nabstracted field data. The abstraction is achieved by using universal elements\\nof an ontology represented by a domain model. Already published approaches for\\nsuch an abstraction are discussed and concretised with regard to the given\\napplication. By examining a first set of test data, it is shown that the\\ndeveloped method is a suitable approach for the identification of further\\ndriving scenarios.\\n
Replacing Needle Injection by a Novel Waterjet Technology Grants Improved Muscle Cell Delivery in Target Tissues
2022-01-01

Current regimen to treat patients suffering from stress urinary incontinence often seems not to yield satisfactory improvement or may come with severe side effects. To overcome these hurdles, preclinical studies and clinical feasibility studies explored the potential of cell therapies successfully and raised high hopes for better outcome. However, other studies were rather disappointing. We therefore developed a novel cell injection technology to deliver viable cells in the urethral sphincter complex by waterjet instead of using injection needles. We hypothesized that the risk of tissue injury and loss of cells could be reduced by a needle-free injection technology. Muscle-derived cells were obtained from young male piglets and characterized. Upon expansion and fluorescent labeling, cells were injected into cadaveric tissue samples by either waterjet or injection needle. In other experiments, labeled cells were injected by waterjet in the urethra of living pigs and incubated for up to 7 days of follow-up. The analyses documented that the cells injected by waterjet in vitro were viable and proliferated well. Upon injection in live animals, cells appeared undamaged, showed defined cellular somata with distinct nuclei, and contained intact chromosomal DNA. Most importantly, by in vivo waterjet injections, a significantly wider cell distribution was observed when compared with needle injections ( P &lt; .05, n ≥ 12 samples). The success rates of waterjet cell application in living animals were significantly higher (≥95%, n = 24) when compared with needle injections, and the injection depth of cells in the urethra could be adapted to the need by adjusting waterjet pressures. We conclude that the novel waterjet technology injects viable muscle cells in tissues at distinct and predetermined depth depending on the injection pressure employed. After waterjet injection, loss of cells by full penetration or injury of the tissue targeted was reduced significantly in comparison with our previous studies employing needle injections.
FiNN: A toolbox for neurophysiological network analysis
2022-01-01

Abstract Recently, neuroscience has seen a shift from localist approaches to network-wide investigations of brain function. Neurophysiological signals across different spatial and temporal scales provide insight into neural communication. However, additional methodological considerations arise when investigating network-wide brain dynamics rather than local effects. Specifically, larger amounts of data, investigated across a higher dimensional space, are necessary. Here, we present FiNN (Find Neurophysiological Networks), a novel toolbox for the analysis of neurophysiological data with a focus on functional and effective connectivity. FiNN provides a wide range of data processing methods and statistical and visualization tools to facilitate inspection of connectivity estimates and the resulting metrics of brain dynamics. The Python toolbox and its documentation are freely available as Supporting Information. We evaluated FiNN against a number of established frameworks on both a conceptual and an implementation level. We found FiNN to require much less processing time and memory than other toolboxes. In addition, FiNN adheres to a design philosophy of easy access and modifiability, while providing efficient data processing implementations. Since the investigation of network-level neural dynamics is experiencing increasing interest, we place FiNN at the disposal of the neuroscientific community as open-source software.
Real Time Landmark Detection for Within- and Cross Subject Tracking With Minimal Human Supervision
2022-01-01

Landmark detection plays an important role for a variety of image processing and analysis tasks. Current methods rely on either supervised or semi-supervised learning which often requires large labeled training datasets. Also, retrospective addition of further target landmarks after completion of training is difficult in current methods. In this paper we propose a framework that addresses these limitations and allows for landmark detection based on only few examples and for definition of target landmarks after completed training without retraining. Our proposed approach relies on self-supervised training on a within-image template matching task with regularization by data augmentation. The trained network generalizes to cross-image matching and can thus be extended to example-based landmark detection and tracking. We extensively evaluate the proposed framework on chest X-ray images and abdominal MRI scans and demonstrate high accuracy with only few or even only one labeled example. Additionally we apply it to the task of liver and liver lesion tracking in CINE MRI scans.
Exponential attractors for two-dimensional nonlocal diffusion lattice systems with delay
2022-01-01

&lt;p style='text-indent:20px;'&gt;In this paper, we study the long term dynamical behavior of a two-dimensional nonlocal diffusion lattice system with delay. First some sufficient conditions for the construction of an exponential attractor are presented for infinite dimensional autonomous dynamical systems with delay. Then, the existence of exponential attractors for the two-dimensional nonlocal diffusion delay lattice system is established by using the new method of tail-estimates of solutions and overcoming the difficulties caused by the nonlocal diffusion operator and the multi-dimensionality.&lt;/p&gt;
The Logical Writings of Karl Popper
2022-01-01

This open access book is the first ever collection of Karl Popper's writings on deductive logic. Karl R. Popper (1902-1994) was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of science ("falsificationism") and his social and political philosophy ("open society") have been widely discussed way beyond academic philosophy. What is not so well known is that Popper also produced a considerable work on the foundations of deductive logic, most of it published at the end of the 1940s as articles at scattered places. This little-known work deserves to be known better, as it is highly significant for modern proof-theoretic semantics. This collection assembles Popper's published writings on deductive logic in a single volume, together with all reviews of these papers. It also contains a large amount of unpublished material from the Popper Archives, including Popper's correspondence related to deductive logic and manuscripts that were (almost) finished, but did not reach the publication stage. All of these items are critically edited with additional comments by the editors. A general introduction puts Popper's work into the context of current discussions on the foundations of logic. This book should be of interest to logicians, philosophers, and anybody concerned with Popper's work.
SIGMORPHON 2022 Shared Task on Morpheme Segmentation Submission Description: Sequence Labelling for Word-Level Morpheme Segmentation
2022-01-01

We propose a sequence labelling approach to word-level morpheme segmentation. Segmentation labels are edit operations derived from a modified minimum edit distance alignment. We show that sequence labelling performs well for “shallow segmentation” and “canonical segmentation”, achieving 96.06 f1 score (macroaveraged over all languages in the shared task) and ranking 3rd among all participating teams. Therefore, we conclude that sequence labelling is a promising approach to morpheme segmentation.
Antibody binding and ACE2 binding inhibition is significantly reduced for the Omicron variant compared to all other variants of concern
2022-01-01

Abstract The rapid emergence of the Omicron variant and its large number of mutations has led to its classification as a variant of concern (VOC) by the WHO(1). Initial studies on the neutralizing response towards this variant within convalescent and vaccinated individuals have identified substantial reductions(2-8). However many of these sample sets used in these studies were either small, uniform in nature, or were compared only to wild-type (WT) or, at most, a few other VOC. Here, we assessed IgG binding, (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2) ACE2 binding inhibition, and antibody binding dynamics for the omicron variant compared to all other VOC and variants of interest (VOI)(9), in a large cohort of infected, vaccinated, and infected and then vaccinated individuals. While omicron was capable of binding to ACE2 efficiently, antibodies elicited by infection or immunization showed reduced IgG binding and ACE2 binding inhibition compared to WT and all VOC. Among vaccinated samples, antibody binding responses towards omicron were only improved following administration of a third dose. Overall, our results identify that omicron can still bind ACE2 while pre-existing antibodies can bind omicron. The extent of the mutations appear to inhibit the development of a neutralizing response, and as a result, omicron remains capable of evading immune control.
ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF AN ACEHNESE DIALECT: PIDIENESE ORAL MONOPHTHONG VOWELS
2022-01-01

This study reports the characteristics of monophthong oral vowels of an Acehnese dialect, spoken in Pidie, Aceh, Indonesia.Ten Pidienese female speakers were recorded to produce ten target vowels using a carrier sentence.Approximately 300 vowel tokens were analysed using Praat version 6.0.19.The data is also compared to the North Aceh dialect vowels.Formant plots and t-tests were done to study their similarities and differences.The results showed that /i/ and /u/ are produced similarly, but the vowels, /ε/, /ə/ and /o/ are produced completely different because they are unalike in terms of height and dimension.Meanwhile, the vowels /e/, /ɯ/, /ʌ/, /a/ and /ɔ/ are produced differently, where the Pidienese speakers produced them lower in the vowel space.This study contributes to the documentation and preservation of Acehnese, considering that it is only spoken by the Acehnese ethnic out of hundreds of ethnic groups that exist in Indonesia.
Does the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score aid in the management of patients undergoing surgery for a soft-tissue sarcoma? : an international multicentre study.
2022-01-01

This study demonstrated that prognosis of localized STS strongly correlates with mGPS, as an increasing score is associated with a poorer outcome. We note that 203 patients (41%) with an STS have evidence of systemic inflammation. We recommend the mGPS and other biochemical blood indicators be introduced into the routine diagnostic assessment in STS patients to stratify patient prognosis. Its use will support clinical decision-making, especially when morbid treatment options such as amputation are being considered. Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint J</i> 2022;104-B(1):168-176.
Popper’s Theory of Deductive Logic
2022-01-01

We present Popper's theory of deductive logic as exhibited in his articles published between 1947 and 1949. After an introduction to Popper's inferentialist approach and his idea of "inferential definitions" of logical constants, we discuss in more formal detail Popper's general theory of the deducibility relation (which, using Gentzen's terminology, might be called his "structural" theory), as well as his special theory of logical constants. We put special emphasis on his inferential notion of duality, which includes his analysis of the "anti-conditional" (today called "co-implication"), his systematic study of various forms of negation including classical, intuitionistic and weaker negations, his system of bi-intuitionistic logic, and his theory of quantification and identity. We also touch on his treatment of modal operators, which is based on Carnap's Meaning and Necessity.
Evidente—a visual analytics tool for data enrichment in SNP-based phylogenetic trees
2022-01-01

Abstract Motivation A common practice in the analysis of pathogens and their strains is using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to reconstruct their evolutionary history. However, genome-wide SNP-based phylogenetic trees are rarely analyzed without any further information. Including the underlying SNP data together with further metadata on the respective samples in the exploration process can facilitate linking the genomic and phenotypic properties of the samples. Results We introduce Efficient VIsual analytics tool for Data ENrichment in phylogenetic TreEs (Evidente), a web-application that provides an interactive visual analysis interface for the simultaneous interrogation of phylogenetic relationships, genome-wide SNP data and metadata for samples of an organism. Besides visualizing the phylogenetic tree, Evidente classifies SNPs as supporting or non-supporting of the tree structures and shows the distribution of both types of SNPs among samples and clades of interest. Furthermore, additional metadata can be included in the visualization. Lastly, Evidente includes an enrichment analysis to identify over-represented genomic features encoded by GO-terms within the clades of the tree. We demonstrate the usability of Evidente with the data of the pathogens Treponema pallidum and Mycobacterium leprae. Availability and implementation Evidente is available at the TueVis visualization web server at https://evidente-tuevis.cs.uni-tuebingen.de/, it can also be run locally. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Region-based Resource Management and Lexical Exception Handlers in Continuation-Passing Style
2022-01-01

Abstract Regions are a useful tool for the safe and automatic management of resources. Due to their scarcity, resources are often limited in their lifetime which is associated with a certain scope. When control flow leaves the scope, the resources are released. Exceptions can non-locally exit such scopes and it is important that resources are also released in this case. Continuation-passing style is a useful compiler intermediate language that makes control flow explicit. All calls are tail calls and the runtime stack is not used. It can also serve as an implementation technique for control effects like exceptions. In this case throwing an exception means jumping to a continuation which is not the current one. How is it possible to offer region-based resource management and exceptions in the same language and translate both to continuation-passing style? In this paper, we answer this question. We present a typed language with resources and exceptions, and its translation to continuation-passing style. The translation can be defined modularly for resources and exceptions – the correct interaction between the two automatically arises from simple composition. We prove that the translation preserves well-typedness and semantics.
The use of prehistoric ‘big data’ for mapping early human cultural networks
2022-01-01

The archaeological record is one piece of the puzzle in understanding the evolution of humans, helping to trace the cultural connections between different species and their technologies, as well as their expansion in time and space. Here we demonstrate a method for mapping the boundaries, centers, and peripheries of ancient cultures, as well as the technological similarities between different cultures. The proposed workflow includes: a systematic collection of archaeological information in a database; a process to infer the similarities between assemblages and generate a network; and finally, a graphical method for big data visualization, a technique also used in social media analysis. We present the geography of multiple cultural complexes that span several stages of cultural evolution from the Lower to the Upper Paleolithic (Stone Age) and involve several species of the genus <i>Homo</i>. Finally, we discuss some alternative trajectories in which this workflow can be developed further.
The activated reaction of dichlorocarbene with triplet molecular oxygen
2022-01-01

The reaction of dichlorocarbene and molecular oxygen in their respective ground states is hindered by a considerable barrier rendering a diffusion controlled formation of the resulting Criegee intermediate unlikely.
A Multi-Method Study of a Chalcolithic Kiln in the Bora Plain (Iraqi Kurdistan): The Evidence From Excavation, Micromorphological and Pyrotechnological Analyses
2022-01-01

Abstract Pyrotechnology has always been a core topic in the archaeological debate concerning phases of deep cultural transformations, such as the Chalcolithic period in the Near East (c. 6000–3500 BC). However, previous studies on pyrotechnological installations, such as pottery kilns, pertaining to this period, have often been mainly descriptive, with a limited use of archaeometric investigations. This work presents a multi-method investigation of a Chalcolithic kiln recently discovered in the Bora Plain (part of the larger Peshdar Plain, in Iraqi Kurdistan), which combines stratigraphic analysis, pyrotechnological, micromorphological, and micro-remains analyses. Since this kiln represents the first Chalcolithic architectural feature excavated in the Bora Plain, this work offers precious insights into the pyrotechnology of the period, which is still relatively poorly understood, through the reconstruction of the kiln’s use and abandonment processes. The analytical outputs can be used to compare with other Near East kilns from the Chalcolithic and later periods.