julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Maintaining Nursing Care Quality—Clinical Care Guidelines for Cystic Fibrosis: Outpatient and Inpatient
2016-01-01

The Care Committee of the Mukoviszidose e.V., headed by Cornelia Meyer, has drawn up a completely revised version of the German Guidelines to Care in Cystic Fibrosis. It addresses all nursing staff concerning children, adolescents or adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) either in an inpatient and outpatient setting or in rehab clinics. The guidelines evolve along with the increased life expectancy of cystic fibrosis patients and improved quality of life which is described by CF patients and can be observed by the therapeutic CF team. For example, the treatment of secondary diseases like CFDR (CF related diabetes) which comes along with an increased life expectancy has been added over the years. It is essential that within such a complex disease pattern, professional experience of care staff who worked in specialized CF care centers (50+ patients per year) for many years has to be transferred to other nursing stuff or beginners. This is especially important in the context of the heterogeneous characteristics of this disease. Often it can be seen that the quality of the care for CF patients depends on the know-how and professional experience of the interdisciplinary CF therapists team. Moreover, it depends on the knowledge which the patient has gathered by himself by experience or learning. And, of course, it depends also on the knowledge of the relatives especially parents or partner respectively.
Targeted Treatment of Esophagogastric Cancer
2016-01-01

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) and stomach remains one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Although there is increasing data on the mutational landscape of esophagogastric cancer, phase III trials often yield negative results, and there is a paucity of approved targeted agents. For the time being, the subset of patients carrying HER2-positive metastatic tumors can receive trastuzumab in addition to chemotherapy. Furthermore, ramucirumab has been found to be active both as a single agent and in combination with paclitaxel. Herein, we give an overview of currently approved targeted treatments for locally advanced/resectable as well as unresectable/metastatic EGJ/gastric adenocarcinoma, summarizing the underlying clinical studies. Moreover, further potential targets still under investigation are presented.
Expertise And The Quest For Rural Modernization In The Russian Empire And The Soviet Union
2016-01-01

The project of modernity is generally associated with industrial and urban contexts. Yet the belief that the world can be transformed through knowledge, technology and reason has left clear marks beyond the classic laboratories of modernity. In rural regions, it manifested itself in the implementation of ambitious agricultural programs and gigantic infrastructure projects. Such endeavors brought about both adventure and risk, promising unseen triumphs and foreshadowing ecological disasters an...
Abelianization of Fuchsian systems on a $4$-punctured sphere and applications
2016-01-01

In this paper we consider special linear Fuchsian systems of rank on a punctured sphere and the corresponding parabolic structures. Through an explicit abelianization procedure we obtain a to correspondence between flat line bundle connections on a torus and these Fuchsian systems. This naturally equips the moduli space of flat connections on a punctured sphere with a new set of Darboux coordinates. Furthermore, we apply our theory to give a complex analytic proof of Witten's formula for the symplectic volume of the moduli space of unitary flat connections on the punctured sphere.
Ten Years of Complete Remission of Pulmonary Metastasis after Post-Cystectomy Palliative Cisplatin-Gemcitabine Chemotherapy with Gefitinib for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Case Report
2016-01-01

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is considered one of the most lethal malignancies with high metastatic potential. Usually, metastatic bladder cancer carries worse prognosis with a median survival rate of approximately 6 months, which can be prolonged for up to 14 months with palliative systemic chemotherapy. We present the case of a 61-year-old male patient diagnosed with localized MIBC 10 years ago. He underwent nerve-sparing radical cystectomy with ileal neobladder, but developed pulmonary metastatic disease 7 months postoperatively. Six cycles of gemcitabine/cisplatin combination chemotherapy with an addition of gefitinib as daily oral medication were administered within a randomized phase II clinical trial; this resulted in complete remission of the pulmonary metastases. Until now, the patient is still on gefitinib daily without any side effects. Although, the addition of gefitinib to standard systemic chemotherapy has not been shown to improve the survival in metastatic urothelial cancer, this case represents a very pleasant albeit uncommon long-term outcome.
Interlude I: The Cultures of Reflexivity
2016-01-01

One of the programmatic key quotes of the emergent modern culture of reflexivity can be found in the preface to the first edition of Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (1781): 'Our age is, to a special degree, the age of criticism, and to criticism everything must submit' (Kant 9). While this observation has frequently been acknowledged as 'the foundation of modern philosophy' (cf. Höffe), its ambiguity rests at the heart of all theoretical enterprises which were to follow (including Kant's own): On the one hand, the formula implies a new understanding of theory predicated on establishing models, systems, schools of thought, or theories by means of questioning the world in order to ascertain unquestionable truth (or at least valid and workable descriptions). In this mould, criticism leads to construction. On the other hand, the formula acknowledges the potential inconclusiveness of the persistent questioning that is at the heart of the critical method. In this dimension, criticism implies perspective and relativity, and theory emerges (in the singular) as an attitude of persistent reflection and (eventually) deconstruction. Modern reflexivity accordingly manifests itself in two modes: a constructive one ultimately aiming at applicability and viability (cf. von Glasersfeld), and an ultimately deconstructive one which acknowledges the intractable surplus of complexity in the world. As these two modes are to a certain extent mutually exclusive, they generate an inherently ambiguous understanding of theory which in turn generates a wide spectrum of cultural practices, so much so in fact that one could speak of distinct cultures of reflexivity in different discursive realms of modern culture.
Proceedings of the WFNS Neuro-Oncology Committee Workshop Rome 2015
2016-01-01

Vestibular schwannoma: Radiosurgery, surgery or wait and scan?Quality of life, symptoms and resultsThe optimal treatment of small vestibular schwannomas (VS) remains a matter of controversy, and a significant volume of literature has been published on the outcome of various management approaches.Before the factors that predict outcome can be determined, however, the question of what outcome is sought must first be answered.Many endpoints have been measured for VS, and modern techniques achieve high levels of facial nerve function and tumor control, however, recent studies indicate that symptoms such as vertigo and tinnitus may be extremely troublesome to patients and are relatively underemphasized.Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) considerations emphasize overall level of function and the pursuit of valued life goals, and data on the impact of VS management on QOL is now emerging.A prospective, observational study of 193 patients evaluating the effect of conservative management on tumor growth, symptoms, and QOL found that 41% required treatment within 5 years, and that vertigo significantly reduced QOL.In a comparison of 113 patients given Gamma Knife radiosurgery (RS), with 124 patients allotted to conservative management, tumor size and growth rate were significantly reduced and the rate of new treatment was lower in the RS group, whereas hearing loss, symptoms, and QOL were not different.These studies used the Short Form-36 (SF-36) QOL instrument, which may be limited by lack of specificity for fluctuations attributable to symptoms.Comparison of 82 patients receiving microsurgery or RS found more facial nerve and hearing preservation in the RS group, as well as better scores on the Health Status Questionnaire (HSQ) and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI).Another prospective series of 91 patients comparing microsurgery and RS found no difference in SF-36 scores and significantly better Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) scores for the RS group.
Complexity and Tractability Islands for Combinatorial Auctions on Discrete Intervals with Gaps
2016-01-01

Combinatorial auctions are mechanisms for allocating bundles of goods to agents who each have preferences over these goods. Finding an economically efficient allocation, the so-called winner determination problem, is computationally intractable in the general case, which is why it is important to identify special cases that are tractable but also sufficiently expressive for applications. We introduce a family of auction problems in which the goods on auction can be rearranged into a sequence, and each bid submitted concerns a bundle of goods corresponding to an interval on this sequence, possibly with multiple gaps of bounded length. We investigate the computational complexity of the winner determination problem for such auctions and explore the frontier between tractability and intractability in detail, identifying tractable, intractable, and fixed-parameter tractable cases.
OSR1 and SPAK Sensitivity of Large-Conductance Ca2+ Activated K+ Channel
2016-01-01

Background/Aims: The oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) and the serine/threonine kinases SPAK (SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) are under the control of WNK (with-no-K [Lys]) kinases. OSR1 and SPAK participate in diverse functions including cell volume regulation and neuronal excitability. Cell volume and neuronal excitation are further modified by the large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (maxi K+ channel or BK channels). An influence of OSR1 and/or SPAK on BK channel activity has, however, never been shown. The present study thus explored whether OSR1 and/or SPAK modify the activity of BK channels. Methods: cRNA encoding the Ca2+ insensitive BK channel mutant BKM513I+Δ899-903 was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes without or with additional injection of cRNA encoding wild-type OSR1 or wild-type SPAK, constitutively active T185EOSR1, catalytically inactive D164AOSR1, constitutively active T233ESPAK or catalytically inactive D212ASPAK. K+ channel activity was measured utilizing dual electrode voltage clamp. Results: BK channel activity in BKM513I+Δ899-903 expressing oocytes was significantly decreased by co-expression of OSR1 or SPAK. The effect of wild-type OSR1/SPAK was mimicked by T185EOSR1 and T233ESPAK, but not by D164AOSR1 or D212ASPAK. Conclusions: OSR1 and SPAK suppress BK channels, an effect possibly contributing to cell volume regulation and neuroexcitability.
LOOKING FORWARDS AND BACKWARDS IN THE MULTI-ALLELIC NEUTRAL CANNINGS POPULATION MODEL
2016-01-01

We look forwards and backwards in the multi-allelic neutral exchangeable Cannings model with fixed population size and nonoverlapping generations. The Markov chain X is studied which describes the allelic composition of the population forward in time. A duality relation (inversion formula) between the transition matrix of X and an appropriate backward matrix is discussed. The probabilities of the backward matrix are explicitly expressed in terms of the offspring distribution, complementing the work of Gladstien (1978). The results are applied to fundamental multi-allelic Cannings models, among them the Moran model, the Wright-Fisher model, the Kimura model, and the Karlin and McGregor model. As a side effect, number theoretical sieve formulae occur in these examples.
Price discovery in the markets for credit risk: a Markov switching approach
2016-01-01

Abstract We examine price discovery in the Credit Default Swap and corporate bond market. Using a Markov switching framework enables us to analyze the dynamic behavior of the information shares during tranquil and crisis periods. The results show that price discovery takes place mostly on the CDS market. The importance of the CDS market even increases during the more volatile crisis periods. According to a cross sectional analysis liquidity is the main determinant of a market’s contribution to price discovery. During the crisis period, however, we also find a positive link between leverage and CDS market information shares. Overall the results indicate that price discovery measures and their determinants change during tranquil and crisis periods, which emphasizes the importance of more flexible frameworks, such as Markov switching models.
Why Do Some Cores Remain Starless?
2016-01-01

Abstract Prestellar cores, by definition, are gravitationally bound but starless pockets of dense gas. Physical conditions that could render a core starless (in the local Universe) is the subject of investigation in this work. To this end, we studied the evolution of four starless cores, B68, L694-2, L1517B, L1689, and L1521F, a VeLLO. We demonstrate: (i) cores contracted in quasistatic manner over a timescale on the order of ~ 10 5 yr. Those that remained starless briefly acquired a centrally concentrated density configuration that mimicked the profile of a unstable BonnorEbert sphere before rebounding, (ii) three cores viz. L694-2, L1689-SMM16, and L1521F remained starless despite becoming thermally super-critical. By contrast, B68 and L1517B remained sub-critical; L1521F collapsed to become a VeLLO only when gas-cooling was enhanced by increasing the size of dust-grains. This result is robust, for other starless cores viz. B68, L694-2, L1517B, and L1689 could also be similarly induced to collapse. The temperature-profile of starless cores and those that collapsed was found to be radically different. While in the former type, only very close to the centre of a core was there any evidence of decline in gas temperature, by contrast, a core of the latter type developed a more uniformly cold interior. Our principle conclusions are: (a) thermal super-criticality of a core is insufficient to ensure it will become protostellar, (b) potential star-forming cores (the VeLLO L1521F here), could be experiencing dust-coagulation that must enhance gasdust coupling and in turn lower gas temperature, thereby assisting collapse. This also suggests, mere gravitational/virial boundedness of a core is insufficient to ensure it will form stars.
Coda: Theory Matters
2016-01-01

It would perhaps be too much of a good thing and counter-productive altogether to expect a truly common denominator at the end of a collaborative effort dedicated to the allocation of the place of theory in literary and cultural studies today. Rather than artificially synthesizing or neatly typologizing the current state of affairs in the light of the contributions to this volume, our diagnosis highlights difference, plurality, creativity, unpredictability, performativity, a dialogic interdisciplinarity, complexity, and, after all, the acceptance of contingency at the heart of theoretical discourse in the humanities today.
Analysis of body‐, arm‐ and hand‐posture and the human‐machine‐interaction when using an arm‐support‐device for laproscopic surgery – results of an evaluation in laboratory setting
2016-01-01

The aim of this article is the analysis of a multidisciplinary developed first prototype of an innovative Arm-Support-Device (ASD) for laparoscopic surgery.This device follows the motions of the leaned lower arm of the surgeon and supports the posture in order to relief the surgeon.During the multidisciplinary development process, important requirements of surgeons from gynecology and urology were compiled.Requirements like physical relief and usability-enhancement when using comparable techniques are shown in some studies.The fulfillment of further important requirements concerning the human-machine-interaction between surgeon and ASD as well as the effects of the ASD on the body-, arm-and hand-posture of the surgeon are analyzed in this study.Therefore 12 surgeons performed simulated laparoscopic static and dynamic tasks on a so-called pelvi-trainer in laboratory-setting using the developed ASD and without using the ASD.For analysis life-record data from two perspectives (frontal and sagittal), the method of thinking aloud and the interview were used.The analysis shows that body-, arm-and hand postures of the surgeons are mainly similar independent of the use of the ASD.The surgeons used the ASD intuitively for getting in, operating and getting out, which were important requirements.Nevertheless a familiarization is necessary.It is expected that some deficits of the ASD-prototype can be avoided in the possible next step of developing an end-design-product by using the results of this study.These deficits are skidding down of the arm of the surgeon from the support for some steeper arm-postures and rarely appearing collision of the support with the fixed endoscope.
‘Islamic Law between Originality and Renewal’: Yusuf al-Qara?awi’s Theory of the Renewal of Islamic Law
2016-01-01

‘Islamic Law between Originality and Renewal’: Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī’s Theory of the Renewal of Islamic Law Mahmud El-Wereny Abstract The Sunni Muslim scholar, Mufti and preacher, Yusuf al-Qara?awi (b. 1926), is one of the most prominent Muslim figures and religious authorities in contemporary time. His legal opinions (fatwawa sg. fatwa) count as an important reference point for questions of religious practice among many Arabic and European Muslims as well. The present article aims to present his views on tajdid al-fiqh and shows the strategy he used to renew the Islamic law. I am also interested in probing what is behind his endeavor of tajdid al-fiqh. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jisc.v4n1a1
Sequence Stratigraphy of the Middle Jurassic Dhruma Formation in the Oman Mountains (Sultanate of Oman)
2016-01-01

Summary This outcrop analog study focuses on a genetic understanding of the reservoir/seal potential and architecture of the Jurassic Dhruma Formation in Oman. As a joint project of the University of Tübingen (Germany) and Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) outcrop logging in nine sections in the Oman Mountains was carried out, supplemented by thin section analyses and spectral gamma-ray measurements. Observed facies types range from peritidal sandstones and microbial laminites to low-energy lagoonal deposits and high-energy, peloid and ooid dominated, shoal associated deposits. Cores and cuttings of the Dhruma, Tuwaiq Mountain and Hanifa/Jubaila Formations were logged over central and northern Oman. A sequence stratigraphic framework and 2D correlations were established based on litho-, chemo- and biostratigraphy. They reveal a clear decrease in thickness of the Dhruma Formation from west to east, which is due to (1) a small unconformity at the bottom and (2) a large Tithonian unconformity, which cuts down into Jurassic strata, eroding the whole Hanifa/Jubaila and Tuwaiq Mountain Formations as well as the top of the Dhruma Formation in outcrops. A 3D geo-cellular facies model was created with Petrel for the Dhruma, Tuwaiq Mountain and Hanifa/Jubaila Formations in central and northern Oman which has implications for the regional prospectivity.
The Hunt Scenes Of The Irish High Crosses And The Iconography Of The Continental Celtic Stag Deity
2016-01-01

The article is dedicated to the iconographic depictions of the hunt found on the Irish High crosses, in particular, the Banagher cross-shaft (Co. Offaly) and the Bealin High Cross (Co. Westmeath) involving a religious figure holding a crozier and a trapped stag. The author looks at further iconographic and literary evidence that can provide the basis of these scenes. Iconography and prosopography of the early Anatolian, Gallo-Roman and Celtic deities are also compared with the early Irish data from a typological religious perspective.
Talking Stones: Royal Inscriptions in Medieval Karṇāṭaka
2016-01-01

The specific motivation of the medieval Hoysaḷa king Viṣṇuvardhana for a program of inscriptions that included both local and trans-regional elements was the necessity to present his lineage as a strong dynasty comparable to that of his forerunners. On the top of it, he chose a particularly shiny stone, the sandstone: this element of unicity in his program might be understood in relation to the necessity of the king to differentiate himself from other lineages and to make his presence on the territory quite noticeable. If the epigraphic sources—together with the temples, the sacred areas, and the literary courtly production—are to be considered as forms of media of communication, even of “mass-media”, we must read them in the space where they are located, as part of a broader cultural and political process.
The Economics of Investor Protection: ISDS versus National Treatment
2016-01-01

Investor-state dispute settlements (ISDS) are supposed to protect foreign investors against domestic policies causing “unjustified” harm. This paper scrutinizes the effects of ISDS and national treatment provisions in a two-period model where foreign investment is subject to a hold-up problem. It shows that ISDS may increase welfare, but comes with additional regulatory distortions in the first period. A national treatment provision avoids these regulatory distortions, but implies entry distortions because it makes the hold-up problem also apply to domestic firms. If the domestic regulatory framework applies to many domestic firms, a national treatment provision welfare-dominates ISDS.
María Cruz Berrocal, Leonardo García Sanjuán and Antonio Gilman. The Prehistory of Iberia: Debating Social Stratification and the State (Routledge Studies in Archaeology 7. New York: Routledge, 2013, 423pp., 31 b/w figs., 16 tables, hbk, ISBN 978-0-415-88592-9)
2016-01-01

María Cruz Berrocal, Leonardo García Sanjuán and Antonio Gilman. The Prehistory of Iberia: Debating Social Stratification and the State (Routledge Studies in Archaeology 7. New York: Routledge, 2013, 423pp., 31 b/w figs., 16 tables, hbk, ISBN 978-0-415-88592-9) - Volume 19 Issue 1
Hamiltonian approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge: From the vacuum to finite temperatures
2016-01-01

The variational Hamiltonian approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge is reviewed and\\nthe essential results obtained in recent years are summarized. First the\\nresults for the vacuum sector are discussed, with a special emphasis on the\\nmechansim of confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. Then the deconfinement\\nphase transition is described by introducing temperature in the Hamiltonian\\napproach via compactification of one spatial dimension. The effective action\\nfor the Polyakov loop is calculated and the order of the phase transition as\\nwell as the critical temperatures are obtained for the color group SU(2) and\\nSU(3). In both cases, our predictions are in good agreement with lattice\\ncalculations.\\n
Cardiovascular Outcomes with Empagliflozin – News for Type 2 Diabetes Therapy
2016-01-01

Cardiovascular safety has to be proven for antidiabetic therapy for type 2 diabetes according to the guidance from regulatory bodies. Recently, the results of the respective study for the sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor empagliflozin were published. Unlike similar studies for other antidiabetic agents that proved cardiovascular safety by non-inferiority compared with standard treatment with regard to a combined cardiovascular primary endpoint, empagliflozin showed superiority with a significantly lower incidence of cardiovascular events.