julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Trait Anger, Hostility, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies
2022-03-30

Background: Research suggests associations between trait anger, hostility, and type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related complications, though evidence from longitudinal studies has not yet been synthesized. Objective: The present systematic review examined findings from longitudinal research on trait anger or hostility and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes or diabetes-related complications. The review protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020216356). Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL) were searched for articles and abstracts published up to December 15, 2020. Peer-reviewed longitudinal studies with adult samples, with effect estimates reported for trait anger/hostility and incident diabetes or diabetes-related complications, were included. Title and abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were conducted by two independent reviewers. A narrative synthesis of the extracted data was conducted according to the Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis guidelines. Results: Five studies (N = 155,146 participants) met the inclusion criteria. While results were mixed, our synthesis suggested an overall positive association between high trait-anger/hostility and an increased risk of incident diabetes. Only one study met the criteria for the diabetes-related complications outcome, which demonstrated a positive association between hostility and incident coronary heart disease but no significant association between hostility and incident stroke. Conclusion: Based on the available longitudinal evidence, trait anger and hostility are associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the association between trait-anger or hostility and the risk of diabetes-related complications.
Importance of Mangroves for Bat Research and Conservation: A Case Study from Vietnam with Notes on Echolocation of Myotis hasselti
2022-03-30

Mangrove ecosystems play important ecological roles, including the mitigation of global climate change and biodiversity conservation. However, they have received little attention from scientists for the research and conservation of bats and general biodiversity. In Vietnam, bat species inhabiting mangroves have been relatively unstudied, while this ecosystem is located along the country’s coastal zones and has declined dramatically due to the development of agriculture, wind energy and other threats. To initially fill this gap, five bat surveys were conducted between September 2019 and November 2021 within Ha Long Bay and Ben Tre province, which contain representative mangrove areas of northern and southern regions of Vietnam, respectively. Bats were captured using mist nets, mobile nets and hand nets. Their echolocation calls were recorded and analyzed using the PCTape system and Selena software, respectively. Five species were captured and recorded: Cynopterus brachyotis, Macroglossus minimus, Myotis hasselti, Myotis pilosus and Taphozous melanopogon. They are all new to both Ha Long Bay and Ben Tre province. Four species (C. brachyotis, M. minimus, M. hasselti and M. pilosus) have been rarely documented from other ecosystems in Vietnam but have commonly been recorded and captured in mangrove areas. Of these species, M. pilosus is a globally “Vulnerable” species. While searching for prey, Myotis hasselti emitted high energy echolocation calls sweeping from about 96 to about 24 kHz with a signal duration of about 5 ms. This species sometimes uses social calls of a horseshoe-shaped structure, which last about 15 ms and are emitted about 26 ms in front of a search call. Results from our surveys indicated the importance and potential of mangroves for bat research and conservation.
Anterolateral Extraarticular Stabilisation of the Knee: Modified Lemaire Procedure
2022-03-30

Summary The anterolateral aspect of the knee is prone to laxity or symptomatic instability, if the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is torn. It is necessary to address this issue in patients with general joint hyperlaxity, overextension of the knee, massive anterolateral instability, or re-tear of the ACL with chronic instability. In these cases, and in addition to a preoperative bony workup and revision ACL reconstruction, anterolateral stabilisation should be considered to avoid persistent anterolateral rotation instability and failure of the ACL reconstruction. To stabilise the anterolateral corner of the knee, the modified Lemaire procedure as presented and illustrated here is a straight forward surgical technique that can be performed right after standard ACL reconstruction surgery, if indicated. It is independent from the graft choice for the ACL reconstruction, and the surgical setting in the operating room remains unchanged.
Attentional processing of body images in women with overweight and obesity
2022-03-30

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Purpose</bold>: Despite the claim to integrate body image interventions in obesity treatment, little is known about the mechanisms involved in maintaining body dissatisfaction in persons with overweight and obesity. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate attentional processing of body stimuli in women with overweight and obesity (OW).<italic> </italic><bold>Methods</bold><italic>: </italic>Women with OW (<italic>n</italic> = 82) and normal weight controls (NW; <italic>n</italic> = 44) conducted two eye-tracking paradigms. In the first paradigm, fixation duration on the subjectively most beautiful and ugliest body part of one’s own and a weight-matched control body were analyzed. In the second paradigm, picture pairs including the own and a control body or object were presented and initial fixation orientation was measured. Automatic and intentional processing of the body pictures was manipulated by either indicating on which side which stimuli would appear or not.<bold>Results:</bold> Women with OW displayed a bias towards the ugliest as opposed to the most beautiful body part, whereas women with NW showed a balanced viewing pattern. Furthermore, both groups showed a preference for bodies relative to the object. However, only women with OW preferred their own relative to the control body during intentional processing.<bold>Conclusion:</bold> Taken together, results point towards a self-focused and deficit-oriented gaze pattern in women with overweight and obesity. Targeting these processes might help to improve obesity treatment outcomes.<bold>Level of Evidence: </bold>Level I, experimental study.
The Reading of Others
2022-03-30

&lt;p&gt;In recent years, the major science publishers have evolved away from publishing content providers to data analytics businesses. As platform companies, they generate high margins and use this capital to buy up alternative offers emerging from the science community and to expand into other business areas. The goal is to make themselves indispensable in all central processes of the research life cycle, so that we should see this as a vendor lock-in, just as it is known from the information sector. To this end, publishers have equipped their platforms with tools for comprehensive user tracking. At the same time, they are trying to bring access authentication under their control in order to ensure personalized access to each user. Some publishers or their parent corporations also intertwine with the security industry and (semi-)government actors in opaque data deals that also bring university networks into view. This essay attempts to analyze this development and outline the consequences.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This text is a machine-based translation of the journal article &raquo;Das Lesen der Anderen&laquo; in order to provide easier access for non-German speaking interested parties, also the german language quotes were therefore transferred. Consider this version a &raquo;post-print derivative&laquo; and please refer to the original in case of references or citations: Siems, R. (2022). Das Lesen der Anderen: Die Auswirkungen von User Tracking auf Bibliotheken. &lt;em&gt;O-Bib. Das Offene Bibliotheksjournal / Herausgeber VDB&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;9&lt;/em&gt;(1), 1&ndash;25. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5282/o-bib/5797"&gt;https://doi.org/10.5282/o-bib/5797&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;There have been requested &quot;corrections&quot; to this article by OCLC. This has been declined by both the editors of the journal &quot;o-bib&quot;, where &quot;Das Lesen der Anderen&quot; first was published, and by me as the author. You will find our comments as well as the letter of OCLC here (in german):&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;https://www.o-bib.de/bib/article/view/5879&lt;/p&gt;
Evolution of plant drought strategies and herbivore tolerance after two decades of climate change
2022-03-31

Summary Ongoing global warming, coupled with increased drought frequencies, together with other biotic drivers may have resulted in complex evolutionary adaptation. The resurrection approach, comparing ancestors raised from stored seeds with their contemporary descendants under common conditions, is a powerful method to test for recent evolution in plant populations. We used 21–26‐yr‐old seeds of four European plant species – Matthiola tricuspidata , Plantago crassifolia , Clinopodium vulgare and Leontodon hispidus – stored in seed banks together with re‐collected seeds from their wild populations. To test for evolutionary changes, we conducted a glasshouse experiment that quantified heritable changes in plant responses to drought and simulated insect herbivory. In three out of the four studied species, we found evidence that descendants had evolved shorter life cycles through faster growth and flowering. Shifts in the osmotic potential and leaf dry matter content indicated that descendants also evolved increased drought tolerance. A comparison of quantitative genetic differentiation ( Q ST ) vs neutral molecular differentiation ( F ST ) values, using double digest restriction‐site associated DNA (ddRAD) genotyping data, suggested that directional selection, and therefore adaptive evolution, was underlying some of the observed phenotypic changes. In summary, our study revealed evolutionary changes in plant populations over the last decades that are consistent with adaptation of drought escape and tolerance as well as herbivory avoidance.
An Assist for Cognitive Diagnostics in Soccer: Two Valid Tasks Measuring Inhibition and Cognitive Flexibility in a Soccer-Specific Setting With a Soccer-Specific Motor Response
2022-03-31

In professional soccer, players, coaches, and researchers alike recognize the importance of cognitive skills. Research addressing the relevance of cognitive skills has been based on the cognitive component skills approach (i.e., general cognitive processes) or the expert performance approach (i.e., sport-specific cognitive processes). Our project aimed to combine the strengths of both approaches to develop and validate cognitive tasks measuring inhibition and cognitive flexibility in a soccer-specific setting with a soccer-specific motor response. In the main study 77 elite youth soccer players completed a computerized version of the standard flanker and number–letter tasks as well as flanker and number–letter tasks requiring a soccer-specific motor response (i.e., pass) in a soccer-specific setting (i.e., the SoccerBot360). Results show good reliability for both tasks. For the SoccerBot360 number–letter task, switch effects for response times and accuracy and acceptable convergent validity were shown. A flanker effect for response time but not accuracy was apparent. Due to no acceptable convergent validity, the flanker task was revised (i.e., adaptation of stimuli) and 63 adult soccer players participated in a follow-up validation study in the SoccerBot100. The revised flanker task showed the flanker effect for response time, but not for accuracy. However, acceptable convergent validity for response time was present. Thus, the soccer-specific number–letter and to some extent the soccer-specific flanker task show potential to be used as a valid cognitive diagnostic tool by soccer clubs.
Visualizing Cell Death in Live Retina: Using Calpain Activity Detection as a Biomarker for Retinal Degeneration
2022-03-31

Calpains are a family of calcium-activated proteases involved in numerous disorders. Notably, previous studies have shown that calpain activity was substantially increased in various models for inherited retinal degeneration (RD). In the present study, we tested the capacity of the calpain-specific substrate t-BOC-Leu-Met-CMAC to detect calpain activity in living retina, in organotypic retinal explant cultures derived from wild-type mice, as well as from rd1 and RhoP23H/+ RD-mutant mice. Test conditions were refined until the calpain substrate readily detected large numbers of cells in the photoreceptor layer of RD retina but not in wild-type retina. At the same time, the calpain substrate was not obviously toxic to photoreceptor cells. Comparison of calpain activity with immunostaining for activated calpain-2 furthermore suggested that individual calpain isoforms may be active in distinct temporal stages of photoreceptor cell death. Notably, calpain-2 activity may be a relatively short-lived event, occurring only towards the end of the cell-death process. Finally, our results support the development of calpain activity detection as a novel in vivo biomarker for RD suitable for combination with non-invasive imaging techniques.
Adhesion, proliferation, and detachment of various cell types on thermoresponsive microgel coatings
2022-03-31

Abstract Cutting‐edge biomedical applications require increasingly complex and fastidious cell systems, for example, various classes of primary or stem cells. Their cultivation, however, still differs little from 30 years ago. This especially applies to the use of indiscriminative proteases for nonspecific cell detachment. A far more gentle alternative changes the adhesive properties of the cell culture substrates through coatings based on thermoresponsive polymers. Such polymers mediate cell adhesion at 37°C, but become repulsive upon a cell‐compatible temperature drop to, for example, 32°C. While the high functionality of this method has already been well proven, it must also be easy and reproducible to apply. Here, we emphasize the potential of standard cell culture materials coated by spraying with thermoresponsive microgels for routine cultivation and beyond. On these surfaces, we successfully cultivated and detached various cell types, including induced pluripotent stem cells and cells in serum‐free culture. In addition, we evaluated the compatibility of the microgel‐sprayed surfaces with adhesion‐promoting proteins, which are essential for, for example, stem cells or neuronal cells. Finally, we demonstrate that the microgel surfaces do not impair proliferation and show their long‐term stability. We conclude that for cell detachment, thermoresponsive cell culture substrates can fully substitute proteases, like trypsin, by employing a comparably straightforward protocol that is compatible with many industrial processing lines.
Spectral Fingerprints of Cortical Neuromodulation
2022-03-31

Pupil size has been established as a versatile marker of noradrenergic and cholinergic neuromodulation, which has profound effects on neuronal processing, cognition, and behavior. However, little is known about the cortical control and effects of pupil-linked neuromodulation. Here, we show that pupil dynamics are tightly coupled to temporally, spectrally, and spatially specific modulations of local and large-scale cortical population activity in the human brain. We quantified the dynamics of band-limited cortical population activity in resting human subjects using magnetoencephalography and investigated how neural dynamics were linked to simultaneously recorded pupil dynamics. Our results show that pupil-linked neuromodulation does not merely affect cortical population activity in a stereotypical fashion. Instead, we identified three frontal, precentral, and occipitoparietal networks, in which local population activity with distinct spectral profiles in the theta, beta, and alpha bands temporally preceded and followed changes in pupil size. Furthermore, we found that amplitude coupling at ∼16 Hz in a large-scale frontoparietal network predicted pupil dynamics. Our results unravel network-specific spectral fingerprints of cortical neuromodulation in the human brain that likely reflect both the causes and effects of neuromodulation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Brain function is constantly affected by modulatory neurotransmitters. Pupil size has been established as a versatile marker of noradrenergic and cholinergic neuromodulation. However, because the cortical correlates of pupil dynamics are largely unknown, fundamental questions remain unresolved. Which cortical networks control pupil-linked neuromodulation? Does neuromodulation affect cortical activity in a stereotypical or region-specific fashion? To address this, we quantified the dynamics of cortical population activity in human subjects using magnetoencephalography. We found that pupil dynamics are coupled to highly specific modulations of local and large-scale cortical activity in the human brain. We identified four cortical networks with distinct spectral profiles that temporally predicted and followed pupil size dynamics. These effects likely reflect both the cortical control and effect of neuromodulation.
Optimizing menopausal hormone therapy: for treatment and prevention, menstrual regulation, and reduction of possible risks
2022-03-31

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is used to treat menopausal complaints including the genitourinary syndrome of menopause, to prevent osteoporosis, and to treat bleeding problems. Since these can be the indications also in young women, especially with POI (premature ovarian insufficiency) or with surgical menopause (bilateral oophorectomy), also the old term “Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)” is still used. The effective component is the estrogen component without relevant difference in the efficacy of the various MHT-preparations. Additional preventive benefits are reduction of cardiovascular disease (including prevention of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome), reduction of colon cancer, and perhaps also Alzheimer's disease, if started within a “window of opportunity”, i.e. in perimenopause or within 6–10 years after menopause.Primary indication for progestogen addition is to avoid the development of estrogen-dependent endometrial cancer, i.e. addition not recommended in hysterectomized women. Two main schedules, sequential- or continuous-combined estrogen/progestogen regimens, are used for treatment of bleeding problems. For this and for optimizing menstrual regulation detailed recommendations are given including proposed dosages for the available different progestogens if added to oral or transdermal estradiol in different estrogen dosages.The WHI-study demonstrated the main risks using MHT within a “worst-case scenario”, i.e. start of MHT in old women with high risk for breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases, whereby only “conjugated equine estrogens” and “medroxprogesterone acetate” have been tested. One main result was that the progestogen component is decisive for the risk of breast cancer, which according to own experimental research and observational studies may be reduced using the physiological progesterone or its isomer dydrogesterone. In addition we propose to push forward research for screening patients with increased breast cancer risk like we have done in the past decade demonstrating that certain membrane-bound receptors in breast cancer tissue or blood can increase this risk. To reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism and stroke, transdermal estradiol (gels, patches,) should be used, in free combination with progesterone or dydrogesterone as “golden standard” in patients with increased risk. To increase the compliance in our patients without special risks we mostly use the available fix-combinations of estradiol/dydrogesterone getting strong efficacy, good menstrual regulation or amenorrhea, respectively, but also other combinations may be indicated to take advantage of for example androgenic or antiandrogenic progestogens.
Perceived criticism and family attitudes as predictors of recurrence in bipolar disorder
2022-03-31

Background Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly recurrent psychiatric condition. While combined pharmacological and psychosocial treatments improve outcomes, not much is known about potential moderators that could affect these treatments. One potential moderator might be the quality of interpersonal relations in families, for example, familial attitudes and perceived criticism. Method To explore this question we conducted a post-hoc analysis that used an existing data set from a previous study by our group that compared cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and supporting therapy (ST) in remitted BD. In the present study, we used Cox proportional hazard models. Results We found that the relatives’ ratings of criticism predicted the likelihood of depressive recurrences, especially in the ST condition. The patients’ ratings of negative familial attitudes predicted the risk of recurrences in general, irrespective of the therapy condition. Conclusion These results suggest that it might be important to assess perceived criticism and familial attitudes as potential moderators of treatment outcome in BD.
Observations on the Magisterium’s Gender Anthropology and Its Consequences for Women in the Catholic Church
2022-03-31

The Catholic Church has a gender-hierarchical constitution. The Church’s magisterium justifies this structure and the lack of gender equality within the Church with the complementary sexuality of human beings as man and woman, which is considered to be the will of God. In this article, this doctrine is presented in detail, based on relevant documents of the Church‘s magisterium, and is classified with regard to its consequences for women within the Catholic Church. Even though the Church rejects criticism of its position as a dangerous “(gender) ideology”, fewer and fewer women (and men) accept its teaching of a specific “genius of women” and of the assigned gender-specific roles in the Church and in the world associated with it. Moreover, there is now a growing awareness that violence against women is usually related to such hierarchical gender concepts.