julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Cultural diversity climate in school: A meta-analytic review of its relationships with intergroup, academic, and socioemotional outcomes.
2024-12-01

This first-of-its-kind meta-analysis (N = 79 studies; 56,552 students; k = 640 effects) provides a comprehensive assessment of five cultural diversity climate approaches that capture different ways of addressing cultural diversity in K-12 schools. We examined how intergroup contact theory's optimal contact conditions, multiculturalism climate, colorblind climate, critical consciousness climate, and polyculturalism climate were associated with children's and adolescents' intergroup outcomes (intergroup attitudes, cross-group friendships, experienced discrimination), academic outcomes (academic achievement, motivation, engagement), and socioemotional outcomes (belonging, well-being). Results from meta-analytic random-effects models revealed the largest and most consistent effects for optimal contact conditions, with small-to-medium-sized effects and significant relationships with all outcomes. Multiculturalism climate was significantly and positively related to intergroup attitudes, achievement, motivation, and belonging (mostly, these were small effect sizes). Critical consciousness climate (small effect sizes) and polyculturalism climate (small-to-medium effect sizes) were correlated with both academic and socioemotional outcomes. Colorblind climate was not significantly associated with any outcomes. Moderator analyses revealed that contact conditions exhibited larger effects in secondary education compared with primary education and in the United States compared with Europe. The percentage of majority group members moderated some relationships (e.g., contact conditions had smaller effects when there were more majority group members in the sample). Significantly larger effects emerged for student-reported colorblind climate measures than for teacher-reported measures. Overall, this meta-analysis provides a highly nuanced view of the most robust evidence for the associations between cultural diversity climate and outcomes that are critical for positive child and youth development to date. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Biogeography of a Global Plant Invader: From the Evolutionary History to Future Distributions
2024-12-01

ABSTRACT Biological invasions pose a global challenge, affecting ecosystems worldwide and human societies. Knowledge of the evolutionary history of invasive species is critical to understanding their current invasion success and projecting their future spread. However, to date, few studies have addressed the evolutionary history and potential future spread of invaders simultaneously. In this study, we explored both evolutionary history and spatiotemporal dynamic patterns of the distribution of Reynoutria japonica , known as one of the world's worst plant invaders. We analysed 265 R. japonica samples from its current geographical ranges across three continents, using seven chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers to establish the phylogenetic relationships among extant populations. We combined these with ecological niche modelling to infer historical and more recent migration patterns and predict potential future distribution changes under climate change. Our results indicate that climate fluctuations and sea level changes likely facilitated the expansion of R. japonica from southern Japan to continental East Asia in the Pliocene, followed by a contraction in East Asian populations. In the recent Holocene, human activities have then enabled a linage of this species to spread from Japan to Europe and North America, resulting in three major global clades. Future climate scenarios suggest a northward expansion of R. japonica in Europe and North America, but shrinking habitat in China. Our study, thus, demonstrates the complex influences of historical climate‐driven migrations, human activities and future climate changes on the global distribution of an invasive species.
Triphenyl‐Modified Mixed‐Mode Stationary Phases With and Without Embedded Ion‐Exchange Sites for High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography
2024-12-01

ABSTRACT The present work reports on the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of a set of novel triphenyl‐modified silica‐based stationary phases without and with embedded ion‐exchange sites for mixed‐mode liquid chromatography. The three synthesized triphenyl phases differed in additionally incorporated ion‐exchange sites. In one embodiment, allyltriphenylsilane was bonded to thiol‐modified silica by thiol‐ene click reaction, leading to particles with no ion‐exchange sites. A second stationary phase was obtained by thiol‐yne click reaction of thiol silica with 2‐propinyl‐triphenylphosphonium bromide, yielding a strong anion‐exchanger (SAX). A third stationary phase was obtained from this SAX phase by the oxidation of residual thiols to sulfonic acid moieties, leading to a zwitterionic surface. All synthesized materials were subjected to elemental analysis, 13 C and 29 Si solid‐state cross‐polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS NMR) spectroscopy analysis, and pH‐dependent ζ‐potential determinations via electrophoretic light scattering. The prepared stationary phases were chromatographically evaluated under classical reversed‐phase, ion‐exchange, and hydrophilic interaction chromatography conditions and classified within a set of commercially available columns by principal component analysis of retention factors. Finally, the obtained stationary phases were applied for biomolecule separations (e.g., teicoplanin and siRNA patisiran). These LC tests proved the orthogonality of the three prepared stationary phases and indicated possible fields of application.
Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Cropland Soil Organic Carbon Changes From Space
2024-12-01

ABSTRACT Soil monitoring requires accurate and spatially explicit information on soil organic carbon (SOC) trends and changes over time. Spatiotemporal SOC models based on Earth Observation (EO) satellite data can support large‐scale SOC monitoring but often lack sufficient temporal validation based on long‐term soil data. In this study, we used repeated SOC samples from 1986 to 2022 and a time series of multispectral bare soil observations (Landsat and Sentinel‐2) to model high‐resolution cropland SOC trends for almost four decades. An in‐depth validation of the temporal model uncertainty and accuracy of the derived SOC trends was conducted based on a network of 100 long‐term monitoring sites that were continuously resampled every 5 years. While the general SOC prediction accuracy was high ( R 2 = 0.61; RMSE = 5.6 g kg −1 ), the direct validation of the derived SOC trends revealed a significantly greater uncertainty ( R 2 = 0.16; p &lt; 0.0001), even though predicted and measured values showed similar distributions. Classifying the results into declining and increasing SOC trends, we found that 95% of all sites were either correctly identified or predicted as stable ( p &lt; 0.001), highlighting the potential of our findings. Increased accuracies for SOC trends were found in soils with higher SOC contents ( R 2 = 0.4) and sites with reduced tillage ( R 2 = 0.26). Based on the signal‐to‐noise ratio and temporal model uncertainty, we were able to show that the necessary time frame to detect SOC trends strongly depends on the absolute SOC changes present in the soils. Our findings highlight the potential to generate significant cropland SOC trend maps based on EO data and underline the necessity for direct validation with repeated soil samples and long‐term SOC measurements. This study marks an important step toward the usability and integration of EO‐based SOC maps for large‐scale soil carbon monitoring.
Functional screening reveals genetic dependencies and diverging cell cycle control in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors
2024-12-01

Abstract Background Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) are incurable high-grade pediatric brain tumors. Despite intensive research efforts, the prognosis for ATRT patients under currently established treatment protocols is poor. While novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed, the generation of molecular-driven treatment concepts is a challenge mainly due to the absence of actionable genetic alterations. Results We here use a functional genomics approach to identify genetic dependencies in ATRT, validate selected hits using a functionally instructed small molecule drug library, and observe preferential activity in ATRT cells without subgroup-specific selectivity. CDK4/6 inhibitors are among the most potent drugs and display anti-tumor efficacy due to mutual exclusive dependency on CDK4 or CDK6 . Chemogenetic interactor screens reveal a broad spectrum of G1 phase cell cycle regulators that differentially enable cell cycle progression and modulate response to CDK4/6 inhibition in ATRT cells. In this regard, we find that the ubiquitin ligase substrate receptor AMBRA1 acts as a context-specific inhibitor of cell cycle progression by regulating key components of mitosis including aurora kinases. Conclusions Our data provide a comprehensive resource of genetic and chemical dependencies in ATRTs, which will inform further preclinical evaluation of novel targeted therapies for this tumor entity. Furthermore, this study reveals a unique mechanism of cell cycle inhibition as the basis for tumor suppressive functions of AMBRA1.
Ultrasound-guided transbronchial cryobiopsy of mediastinal and hilar lesions: a multicenter pragmatic cohort study with real-world evidence
2024-12-01

Background Limited data exist on the reliability, efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided transbronchial cryobiopsy for suspicious mediastinal and hilar lesions. This study shares findings from implementing this method and compares the results with those of the standard endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). Methods Patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy for mediastinal or hilar lesions in four Swiss centres were included. The study aims to assess the diagnostic yield and safety of EBUS-guided cryobiopsy compared with EBUS-TBNA. Tunnelling to the target lesion was performed using an electric needle knife (70.8%), a 19 G- (12.4%) or a 22 G needle (16.8%). Cryobiopsies were obtained with a freezing time of 4–7 s (18.2% with a 1.7 mm probe) or 6–10 s (81.8% with a 1.1 mm probe). Results Altogether, 137 patients were enrolled with a median follow-up of 89 days. The overall diagnostic yield was 56.2% for EBUS-TBNA and 91.2% for cryobiopsies (p&lt;0.001). Cryobiopsies increased the diagnostic yield for benign disorders (+28.5%), uncommon tumours (+5.9%) and other metastatic cancer (+0.6%), but not for lung cancer (+0%). For lung cancer (n=27), immunohistochemistry was obtainable in 40.7% of EBUS-TBNA (median of 3 probes [IQR 3 to 3]), significantly lower than cryobiopsy’s 88.9% yield (median of 4 probes [IQR 3 to 5]) (p&lt;0.001). Adverse events were found in 23.4% of participants; 10.2% had mild to moderate bleeding, 0.7% had pneumonia, and 0.7% (one) of patients had pneumothorax following pneumomediastinum. No deaths or mediastinum infections were observed. Conclusion Cryobiopsy of mediastinal and hilar lesions improves the diagnostic yield compared with EBUS-TBNA while maintaining a favourable safety profile.
Ralstonia solanacearum Alters Root Developmental Programmes in Auxin‐Dependent and ‐Independent Manners
2024-12-01

ABSTRACT Microbial pathogens and other parasites can modify the development of their hosts, either as a target or a side effect of their virulence activities. The plant‐pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum , causal agent of the devastating bacterial wilt disease, is a soilborne microbe that invades host plants through their roots and later proliferates in xylem vessels. In this work, we studied the early stages of R. solanacearum infection in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana , using an in vitro infection system. In addition to the previously reported inhibition of primary root length and increase in root hair formation at the root tip, we observed an earlier xylem differentiation during R. solanacearum infection that occurs in a HrpG‐dependent manner, suggesting that the pathogen actively promotes the development of the vascular system upon invasion of the root. Moreover, we found that the phytohormone auxin, of which the accumulation is promoted by the bacterial infection, is required for the R. solanacearum ‐triggered induction of root hair formation but not earlier xylem differentiation. Altogether, our results shed light on the capacity of R. solanacearum to induce alterations of root developmental pathways and on the role of auxin in this process.
Characterizing of dropouts in the mental health of refugees and asylum seekers (MEHIRA) study examining the effects of a stepped and collaborative care model – a multicentered rater-blinded randomized controlled trial
2024-12-01

Abstract Background Dropout from healthcare interventions can negatively affect patients and healthcare providers through impaired trust in the healthcare system and ineffective use of resources. Research on this topic is still largely missing on refugees and asylum seekers. The current study aimed to characterize predictors for dropout in the Mental Health in Refugees and Asylum Seekers (MEHIRA) study, one of the largest multicentered controlled trials investigating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a nationwide stepped and collaborative care model. Methods Predictors were multiply imputed and selected for descriptive modelling using backward elimination. The final variable set was entered into logistic regression. Results The overall dropout rate was 41,7%. Dropout was higher in participants in group therapy ( p = 0.001; OR = 10.7), with larger satisfaction with social relationships ( p = 0.017; OR = 1.87), with difficulties in maintaining personal relationships ( p = 0.005; OR = 4.27), and with higher depressive symptoms ( p = 0.029; OR = 1.05). Participants living in refugee accommodation ( p = 0.040; OR = 0.45), with a change in social status ( p = 0.008; OR = 0.67) and with conduct ( p = 0.020; OR = 0.24) and emotional problems ( p = 0.013; OR = 0.31) were significantly less likely to drop out of treatment. Conclusion Overall, the outcomes of this study suggest that predictors assessing social relationships, social status, and living conditions should be considered as topics of psychological treatment to increase adherence and as predictors for future research studies (including treatment type).
Experimental evidence of bargaining power in agricultural land markets
2024-12-01

Abstract There is public concern about the degree to which rising farmland rental rates are driven by the perceived market influence of non-agricultural actors. We conduct a structural estimation to analyse the potential bargaining power of different types of actors in the farmland market. It allows us to infer their latent reservation utilities by exploiting equilibrium conditions, derived from a stochastic ultimatum game. Reservation utilities reflect outside options in negotiations, as they are determinants of bargaining power. We conduct economic experiments in the rental market. Our findings show that farmers and local actors have more bargaining power than non-farmers and absentee actors, respectively.
Multidisciplinary quantitative and qualitative assessment of IDH-mutant gliomas with full diagnostic deep learning image reconstruction
2024-12-01

This study demonstrates the clinical feasibility of DLR in MR imaging of IDH-mutant gliomas, with significant time savings of 29.6 % on average and non-inferior image quality to CR. DLR sequences received strong multidisciplinary preference, underscoring their potential for enhancing neuro-oncological decision-making and suitability for clinical implementation.
Ecphrasis and manual labour: the aesthetics of woodwork in Leonidas
2024-12-01

Abstract Leonidas of Tarentum wrote many epigrams commemorating dedications by poor labourers. Yet his epigrams also include ecphrases of famous artworks that evoke aristocratic tastes and prestige, such as Apelles’ Aphrodite Anadyomene and Myron’s Cow. This contrast raises the problem of how to reconcile these two seemingly discordant registers. Leonidas himself offers a solution in two epigrams on the dedications of woodworkers that both draw upon the conventions of ecphrasis (AP 6.204, 205). By framing this banausic craft in a mode usually reserved for high art, Leonidas presents his characteristic appreciation of society’s lower classes in aesthetic terms. Moreover, his ecphrastic depiction of woodworkers also draws upon the actual iconography through which these craftsmen were represented in the ancient plastic arts. Thus, we can witness Leonidas’ engagement with his Lebenswelt and his employment of an underappreciated aesthetic register in his dedicatory epigrams. As with ecphrastic epigrams on artworks such as Myron’s Cow, Leonidas’ poems draw upon artefacts that Leonidas and his readers may have encountered in their real lives, but we must also be wary of assuming that Leonidas simply acts as an impartial witness who merely documents what he has seen. Despite the iconographic parallels, Leonidas’ poems utilize a highly stylized poetic language. The article will conclude by showing how Leonidas’ use of manual labour plays a metapoetic role within his own aesthetics of purported poverty.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION SUCCESS FACTORS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
2024-12-01

Digital transformation has emerged as a critical strategy in today’s dynamic business environment. However, the high failure rate of digital transformation initiatives underscores the need for a deeper understanding of the factors that drive success. This study conducts a comprehensive examination of digital transformation success factors through a systematic literature review. Through a bibliometric analysis of 34 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2017 and 2023, the study evaluates research areas, temporal trends, geographical distributions, journals, significant keywords, and principal authors based on co-authorship. It unveils the current digital transformation research landscape, synthesises 119 enabling factors into 13 core dimensions for successful digital transformation, and presents a new and holistic digital transformation model. This model offers valuable guidance for practitioners in the field and organisations navigating transformation challenges.
Abnormalities in task‐fMRI activation are related to disease progression towards Alzheimer’s disease
2024-12-01

Abstract Background Differences in task‐fMRI activation have recently been found to be related to neuropathological hallmarks of AD. However, the evolution of fMRI‐based activation throughout AD disease progression and its relationship with other biomarkers remains elusive. Applying a disease progression model (DPM) to a multicentric cohort with up to four annual task‐fMRI visits, we hope to provide a deeper insight into these relationships. Method We estimated AD disease stages using a multivariate Gaussian Process (GP) DPM including CSF‐Aß42/40 ratio, CSF‐p‐tau181, hippocampal and entorhinal volume, ADAS13‐Cog sum and PACC5 scores. Disease stages from 493 participants with longitudinal task‐fMRI measurements from DELCODE (165 healthy controls (CN), 214 participants with SCD, 82 with MCI, 32 with suspected AD) were obtained. We derived subsequent memory and novelty contrasts from a visual memory encoding task using general linear modeling (GLM). Contrasts from all available follow‐ups were then submitted to voxel‐based group‐level GLM analyses. Activations from resulting disease‐stage‐related clusters were (1) used to estimate cluster‐level trajectory curves over disease stages using smoothing splines and (2) submitted to linear‐mixed effects models to test longitudinal changes over follow‐ups. Result Our DPM‐derived disease stages were associated with clinical groups, fMRI performance and white matter lesions (Figure 1C‐F). Generally, in both contrasts, activation increases were observed in task‐negative clusters while activation decreases were observed in task‐positive clusters (Figure 2C‐F). We did not find indications for inverted u‐shaped associations between disease stage and activation in whole brain voxel‐wise cross‐sectional analyses. However, smoothing splines revealed non‐linear monotonically increasing biomarker abnormality for task‐negative areas, showing earliest changes towards the beginning of disease progression. After a plateau, fMRI activation increases in abnormality conjointly with volume changes. For task‐positive areas, we observed linear relationships with disease stages (Figure 3). Activation changes over follow‐ups were not associated with disease stages. Conclusion Biomarker abnormality timing in our DPM reflected hypothetical AD progression. Changes in task‐fMRI activation and deactivation were both associated with progression towards AD. Smoothing spline fits indicated abnormality changes in task‐fMRI activation to begin in the earliest phases of the disease. Findings can be discussed as differential pathophysiological processes such as complex reorganization and neural noise.
Elevated Soluble ACE2 Activity in Children and Adults After SARS‐CoV‐2 Exposure Irrespective of Laboratory‐Confirmed Infection
2024-12-01

ABSTRACT The pivotal role of the cell entry receptor ACE2 for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is well‐established. When ACE2 is shed from cell surface into plasma as soluble ACE2 (sACE2), it can effectively neutralize SARS‐CoV‐2. This longitudinal prospective cohort study analyzed sACE2 activity in 1192 participants, aged 4 months to 81 years, 3 and 12 months after SARS‐CoV‐2 household exposure. Following SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure, participants exhibited significantly elevated sACE2 activity, irrespective of confirmed infection, with the highest levels observed in exposed children. Longitudinal analysis revealed a decline in sACE2 levels over time, reaching levels comparable to age‐ and sex‐matched pre‐pandemic controls. An increase in sACE2 activity was also confirmed in vitro in Calu‐3 (human lung) cells within hours of SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure, providing a direct link between SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure and elevated sACE2. This study, therefore, challenges the dichotomy of categorizing SARS‐CoV‐2 exposed participants as infected or not infected solely on currently established diagnostic assays. It demonstrates lasting host responses independent of B‐ and T‐cell memory and may help to keep SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in balance and contribute to successful virus clearance in children and adults lacking humoral and cellular immune responses following SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure. Trial Registration: German Registry for Clinical Studies; Identifier: D 00021521.