julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Effects of a School Internship on Situation-Specific Skills for an Inclusive PE—Evaluation of a PETE Concept for Prospective PE Teachers
2025-04-27

The development of situation-specific skills in prospective physical education (PE) teachers is crucial for effective inclusive PE. While research emphasizes the need for such competencies, there is a gap in understanding how school internships contribute to their development. The present study evaluates the impact of a teaching sequence, combining a seminar with a supervised school internship, on the situation-specific skills of prospective PE teachers in inclusive PE. Building on the Qualification of Prospective PE Teachers for Inclusive PE (QiPE) project, this study employs a quasi-experimental longitudinal design with an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG) across three measurement points (t0, t1, t2). The intervention consists of a university seminar (t0–t1) followed by a supervised school internship (t1–t2). Situation-specific skills are assessed using three scales—Recognition; Individual Support; and Participation—developed based on video-recorded PE lessons and expert evaluations. Statistical analyses include mixed-model ANOVAs and robust Welch’s tests to determine the effectiveness of each intervention phase. The seminar (t0–t1) significantly improved situation-specific skills in the IG across all three scales: Recognition (η2p = 0.17), Individual Support (η2p = 0.04), and Participation (η2p = 0.13). The supervised internship (t1–t2) showed a sustained effect for Participation, stabilized the effect for Recognition, but led to a slight decrease in Individual Support. A teaching sequence combining a seminar and a school internship can effectively promote situation-specific skills for inclusive PE, with the seminar demonstrating a strong initial impact. The supervised school internship particularly enhances skills related to Participation. Further research is needed to optimize the internship component, especially for Individual Support, and to explore the influence of mentor support and beliefs on skill development.
Comprehensive analysis of multi‐omics single‐cell data using the single‐cell analyst
2025-04-28

Abstract The rapid advancement of multi‐omics single‐cell technologies has significantly enhanced our ability to investigate complex biological systems at unprecedented resolution. However, many existing analysis tools are complex, requiring substantial coding expertize, which can be a barrier for computationally less competent researchers. To address this challenge, we present single‐cell analyst, a user‐friendly, web‐based platform to facilitate comprehensive multi‐omics analysis. Single‐cell analyst supports a wide range of data types, including six single‐cell omics: single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐sequencing), single‐cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC‐seq sequencing), single‐cell immune profiling (scImmune profiling), single‐cell copy number variation, cytometry by time‐of‐flight, and flow cytometry and spatial transcriptomics, and enables researchers to perform integrated analyses without requiring programming skills. The platform offers both online and offline modes, providing flexibility for various use cases. It automates critical analysis steps, such as quality control, data processing, and phenotype‐specific analyses, while also offering interactive, publication‐ready visualizations. With over 20 interactive tools for intermediate analysis, single cell analyst simplifies workflows and significantly reduces the learning curve typically associated with similar platforms. This robust tool accommodates datasets of varying sizes, completing analyses within minutes to hours depending on the data volume, and ensures efficient use of computational resources. By democratizing the complex process of multi‐omics analysis, single‐cell analyst serves as an accessible, all‐encompassing solution for researchers of diverse technical backgrounds. The platform is freely accessible at www.singlecellanalyst.org .
Thermodynamic phases in first detected return times of quantum many-body systems
2025-04-28

We study the probability distribution of the first return time to the initial state of a quantum many-body system subject to global projective measurements at stroboscopic times. We show that this distribution can be mapped to a continuation of the canonical partition function of a classical spin chain with noninteracting domains at equilibrium, which is entirely characterized by the Loschmidt amplitude of the quantum many-body system. This allows us to conclude that this probability may decay either algebraically or exponentially at long times, depending on whether the spin chain displays a ferromagnetic or a paramagnetic phase. We illustrate this idea on the example of the return time of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><a:mi>N</a:mi></a:math> adjacent fermions in a tight-binding model, revealing a rich phase behavior, which can be tuned by scaling the probing time as a function of <b:math xmlns:b="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><b:mi>N</b:mi></b:math>. The analysis presented here provides an overarching understanding of many-body quantum first detection problems in terms of equilibrium thermodynamic phases. Our theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with exact numerical computations.
An anti-virulence drug targeting the evolvability protein Mfd protects against infections with antimicrobial resistant ESKAPE pathogens
2025-04-28

The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance and the decline in the discovery of novel antibiotics have resulted in a global health crisis, particularly, for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, for which therapeutic dead-ends are alarming. Here, we identify and characterize a molecule, NM102, that displays antimicrobial activity exclusively in the context of infection. NM102 inhibits the activity of the non-essential Mutation Frequency Decline (Mfd) protein by competing with ATP binding to its active site. Inhibition of Mfd by NM102 sensitizes pathogenic bacteria to the host immune response and blocks infections caused by the clinically-relevant bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, without inducing host toxicity. Finally, NM102 inhibits the mutation and evolvability function of Mfd, thus reducing the bacterial capacity to develop antimicrobial resistance. These data provide a potential roadmap for the development of drugs to combat antimicrobial resistance.
Comparison of absorption and excretion of test compounds in sucking versus chewing pests
2025-04-28

A critical understanding of how pests interact with active ingredients is essential for the development of new insect control solutions to maintain crop quality and quantity by reducing insect damage. Absorption of insecticides into insect bodies of targeted pest species is the first critical step that confounds the efficacy of insecticides. This study investigated how different feeding behaviour of two pests, Myzus persicae and Spodoptera littoralis , affects the absorption, metabolism, and excretion (AME) of seven insecticidally inactive test compounds. A feeding contact assay for the chewing pest (Lepidopteran larvae) and an oral ingestion assay for the sucking pest (aphids) was used to investigate the AME of test compounds with agrochemical-like structural motifs. The standardized assays comprised of an exposure period with treated diet and a subsequent depuration period with untreated diet. The results showed that S. littoralis larvae differed from M. persicae in their compound quantities absorbed into the insect body and in their excretion products at the end of the exposure or depuration periods. We suggest that this is caused by their different ingestion types and rates resulting in different absorption and excretion quantities. Further, we found differences in the metabolism (timing and biotransformation pathways) of compounds between both species. Notably, certain compounds remained detectable in both pests after the depuration period, suggesting compound and species-specific metabolism and excretion. Our results highlight the complex interplay between feeding biology of insects, in particular the critical role of excretion products, and the exposure to different compounds that lead to species-specific AME.
Improving Postoperative Pediatric Recovery by Efficient Recovery Room Care—A Comprehensive Review
2025-04-28

Background/Objectives: Efficient postoperative recovery room care in pediatric patients is crucial for optimizing perioperative safety, patient outcome, and effective pain management. However, this area is frequently underemphasized, leading to higher complication rates compared to the operating room, which in turn increases healthcare costs. Improving pediatric recovery room care offers a significant opportunity to enhance the quality and safety of perioperative pediatric care. From an economic perspective, this is prudent; however, more importantly, every child has the right to the highest attainable standard of health, as outlined by the United Nations. Key aspects of recovery room care include ensuring adequate staffing and equipment, while also prioritizing the child’s privacy and parental presence, both of which are crucial for enhancing patient well-being. A +multimodal approach to postoperative pain management is essential for minimizing fear and stress, alongside strict adherence to established guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea, vomiting, and emergence delirium. Furthermore, addressing risk factors such as hypothermia and airway complications, as well as promoting early intake of clear fluids, plays a crucial role in optimizing pediatric recovery. Organizational strategies such as quality improvement initiatives, structured handovers, standardized care protocols with checklists, continuous staff training, and well-defined discharge criteria are further essential components to reduce translational gaps and to enhance postoperative pediatric safety. Conclusions: Improving pediatric postoperative anesthetic care is a multifaceted challenge for all healthcare providers that can significantly enhance care quality and safety while also reducing costs. Success in this area requires addressing both structural and medical factors.
Congenital Imprinting Diseases: Aetiology, Pre- and Perinatal Manifestations, Diagnosis and Care of Affected Families and Pregnancies
2025-04-28

Abstract Congenital Imprinting Disorders (ImpDis) are caused by abnormal expression of parentally imprinted genes. They are characterized by disturbances of imprinting marks which are a specific type of epigenetic signatures and occur either sporadic or familial. So far, twelve ImpDis have been identified, eight of them manifest prenatally or in the neonate period. With exception of abdominal wall defects, ImpDis are rarely associated with major malformations, but predominant early manifestations are disturbed pre- and/or postnatal growth, muscular hypotonia, neonatal feeding difficulties and metabolic/hormonal dysfunction. With few exceptions prenatal clinical features of ImpDis are unspecific and manifest only in the late second or third trimester. In some ImpDis, behavioural, developmental, and neurological symptoms might emerge, and in single ImpDis there is a higher risk of cancer in childhood. Prenatal diagnosis plays a crucial role in appropriate pregnancy management and initial care of the newborn, which in turn has positive impact on the life-long outcome of the patient. Furthermore, the diagnosis of ImpDis is relevant for the prevention of pregnancy risks such as preeclampsia and possible reproductive problems in future pregnancies and other family members. Genetic analysis is not straightforward, and imprinting disturbances may escape both DNA sequencing analysis and (molecular-)cytogenetic diagnostics. After introducing the topic with a case report, this review focuses on the recognition of ImpDis including maternal and family history, exogeneous and genetic risk factors, fetal imaging, and genetic findings as well as interdisciplinary care and treatment approaches in the management and decision making of affected families and pregnancies.
Author Correction: Female sex bias in Iberian megalithic societies through bioarchaeology, aDNA and proteomics
2025-04-28

Correction to: Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72148-x, published online 23 September 2024 The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Gonzalo Aranda Jiménez which was incorrectly given as Gonzalo Jiménez Aranda. The original Article has been corrected.
GIPR agonism and antagonism decrease body weight and food intake via different mechanisms in male mice
2025-04-29

Abstract Agonists and antagonists of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) enhance body weight loss induced by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism. However, while GIPR agonism decreases body weight and food intake in a GLP-1R-independent manner via GABAergic GIPR + neurons, it remains unclear whether GIPR antagonism affects energy metabolism via a similar mechanism. Here we show that the body weight and food intake effects of GIPR antagonism are eliminated in mice with global loss of either Gipr or Glp-1r but are preserved in mice with loss of Gipr in either GABAergic neurons of the central nervous system or peripherin-expressing neurons of the peripheral nervous system. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing shows opposing effects of GIPR agonism and antagonism in the dorsal vagal complex, with antagonism, but not agonism, closely resembling GLP-1R signalling. Additionally, GIPR antagonism and GLP-1R agonism both regulate genes implicated in synaptic plasticity. Collectively, we show that GIPR agonism and antagonism decrease body weight via different mechanisms, with GIPR antagonism, unlike agonism, depending on functional GLP-1R signalling.
Taming Spin Susceptibilities in Frustrated Quantum Magnets: Mean-Field Form and Approximate Nature of the Quantum-to-Classical Correspondence
2025-04-29

In frustrated magnetism, the empirically found quantum-to-classical correspondence (QCC) matches the real-space static susceptibility pattern of a quantum spin-<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mn>1</a:mn><a:mo>/</a:mo><a:mn>2</a:mn></a:math> model with its classical counterpart computed at a certain elevated temperature. This puzzling relation was observed via bold line diagrammatic Monte Carlo simulations in dimensions two and three. The matching was within error bars and seemed valid down to the lowest accessible temperatures <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mi>T</c:mi></c:math> about an order of magnitude smaller than the exchange coupling <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><e:mi>J</e:mi></e:math>. Here, we employ resummed spin diagrammatic perturbation theory to show analytically that the QCC breaks weakly at fourth order in <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><g:mrow><g:mi>J</g:mi><g:mo>/</g:mo><g:mi>T</g:mi></g:mrow></g:math> and provide the approximate mapping between classical and quantum temperatures. Our treatment further reveals that QCC is an indication of the surprising accuracy with which static correlators can be approximated by a simple renormalized mean-field form. We illustrate this for all models discussed in the context of QCC so far, including a recent example of the <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><i:mrow><i:mi>S</i:mi><i:mo>=</i:mo><i:mn>1</i:mn></i:mrow></i:math> material <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><k:mrow><k:msub><k:mrow><k:mi mathvariant="normal">K</k:mi></k:mrow><k:mrow><k:mn>2</k:mn></k:mrow></k:msub><k:msub><k:mrow><k:mi>Ni</k:mi></k:mrow><k:mrow><k:mn>2</k:mn></k:mrow></k:msub><k:mo stretchy="false">(</k:mo><k:msub><k:mrow><k:mi>SO</k:mi></k:mrow><k:mrow><k:mn>4</k:mn></k:mrow></k:msub><k:msub><k:mrow><k:mo stretchy="false">)</k:mo></k:mrow><k:mrow><k:mn>3</k:mn></k:mrow></k:msub></k:mrow></k:math>. The success of the mean-field form is traced back to partial diagrammatic cancellations.
TEXT Reviews April 2025
2025-04-29

Jodi Vial reviews Shady Cosgrove’s Flight ; Philip Harvey reviews Kevin Hart’s Lands of Likeness: For a poetics of contemplation and Dark-land: Memoir of a secret childhood ; Amanda Tink reviews Andy Jackson, Esther Ottaway and Kerri Shying’s Raging Grace: Australian writers speak out on disability ; Samuel J. Cox reviews The Cambridge Companion to teh Australian Novel (edited by Nicholas Birns and Louis Klee); Jen Webb reviews David Musgrave’s Mishearing ; Carolyn Booth reviews Languages of Water (edited by Eugen Bacon); Moya Costello reviews Helen Garner’s The Season ; Denise Beckton reviews JA Cooper’s Something About Alaska and Inga Simpson’s The Thinning ; Tarla Kramer reviews Anne Elvey’s Leaf and Anne Kellas’s Ways to Say Goodbye ; Andrew Leggett reviews Michel Houellebecq’s Annihilation ; Jake Sandtner reviews Tim Winton’s Juice ; and Colin Dray reviews A to Z of Creative Writing Methods (edited by Deborah Wardle, Julienne Van Loon, Stayci Taylor, Francesca Rendle-Short, Peta Murray and David Carlin). Letter to the Editor: James Shea and Grant Caldwell, editors of The Routledge Global Haiku Reader .
LGDE: Local Graph-based Dictionary Expansion
2025-04-29

Abstract We present Local Graph-based Dictionary Expansion (LGDE), a method for data-driven discovery of the semantic neighborhood of words using tools from manifold learning and network science. At the heart of LGDE lies the creation of a word similarity graph from the geometry of word embeddings followed by local community detection based on graph diffusion. The diffusion in the local graph manifold allows the exploration of the complex nonlinear geometry of word embeddings to capture word similarities based on paths of semantic association, over and above direct pairwise similarities. Exploiting such semantic neighborhoods enables the expansion of dictionaries of pre-selected keywords, an important step for tasks in information retrieval, such as database queries and online data collection. We validate LGDE on two user-generated English-language corpora and show that LGDE enriches the list of keywords with improved performance relative to methods based on direct word similarities or co-occurrences. We further demonstrate our method through a real-world use case from communication science, where LGDE is evaluated quantitatively on the expansion of a conspiracy-related dictionary from online data collected and analyzed by domain experts. Our empirical results and expert user assessment indicate that LGDE expands the seed dictionary with more useful keywords due to the manifold-learning-based similarity network.
Complete metamorphosis promotes morphological and functional diversity in Caudata
2025-04-30

Abstract Metamorphosis, a common and spectacular developmental process, involves major phenotypic changes often linked to environmental transitions. Understanding how these changes affect morphological evolution is crucial for examining metamorphosis's evolutionary impacts. In this study, we analysed the role of metamorphosis and life cycle variation on the morphological evolution of the mandible in Caudata (salamanders and newts), a clade that exhibits a great diversity of life cycles and ecologies. We focused on the mandible, a key component of the masticatory apparatus, to investigate how life cycle variation may influence the diversification of feeding modes. Using 3D geometric morphometrics on 317 extant species of Caudata, we found that both life cycle and size influence mandible shape, with complex interactions between these factors. The morphology of the mandibular bones evolved more independently in species undergoing complete metamorphosis compared to those with partial metamorphosis, likely facilitating feeding diversification in terrestrial adults. On the other hand, high morphological integration in species undergoing partial metamorphosis could promote the rapid evolution of traits, resulting in the differentiation of more disparate morphologies, potentially aiding paedomorphic species in adapting to challenging environments. This study highlights the interplay between metamorphosis and the environment in shaping morphological evolution among species and provides new insights into the role of heterochrony in the morphological diversification of organisms. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Perfluoroarene‐Based Tin Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics
2025-04-30

Hybrid halide perovskites are among the most promising candidates for next‐generation photovoltaics. The most investigated perovskite solar cells are lead based, which poses environmental concerns, making finding sustainable alternatives a pressing issue. Tin‐based halide perovskites are attracting interest as an alternative. However, their application in photovoltaics is hindered by the high concentration of defects and sensitivity to oxidation, compromising their performance and stability. Herein, perfluoroarene organic cations, namely 2‐(perfluorophenyl)methylammonium (F‐BNA) and 1,4‐(perfluorophenyl)dimethylammonium (F‐PDMA), are applied to form layered (2D) Ruddlesden–Popper and Dion–Jacobson tin‐based perovskites, respectively. Following a detailed structural and optoelectronic characterization, the perfluoroarenes are applied to formamidinium (FA)‐based FASnI 3 perovskite solar cells and an effective solvent is identified for their processing, 2‐pentanol. While F‐PDMA forms a 2D/3D heterostructure, F‐BNA remains assembled as a molecular interlayer, demonstrating higher photovoltaic performance with limited operational stability. This challenges the conventional role of mixed‐dimensional heterostructures in tin perovskite photovoltaics and opens new perspectives for advanced material design and device engineering.
Rapid Assessment of Samples from Large-Scale Clandestine Synthetic Drug Laboratories by Soft Ionization by Chemical Reaction in Transfer–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
2025-04-30

The worldwide ongoing trend of synthetic drug production is also of increasing concern due to enormous amounts of chemical waste produced in clandestine laboratories. Typically, several tons of different types of production waste are stored in numerous containers and need to be characterized after dismantling a laboratory to assess production features, e.g., synthesis route and production scale, and to draw conclusions on the minimum number of batches produced. This forensic assessment is commonly done by a rather laborious gas chromatography - mass spectrometry approach. The aim of this work is to evaluate the suitability of the SICRIT (soft ionization by chemical reaction in transfer) ion source, which is based on the dielectric barrier discharge ionization principle, combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), for the rapid classification of liquid samples from amphetamine production in a seized large-scale clandestine drug laboratory. Among the different sample introduction methods tested, headspace analysis directly into the SICRIT ion source in conjunction with a heated inlet proved to be optimal. Identification of expected target substances (reaction educts, intermediates, byproducts, products) was possible as well as grouping related samples and assigning them to specific synthesis steps by multivariate data analysis in an unsupervised approach. In addition, supervised machine learning algorithms were evaluated to obtain a classification model for the assessment of production waste samples from one dismantled synthetic drug laboratory, and a random forest classifier showed the best performance with an accuracy of 97%. The potential of the novel SICRIT-HRMS approach for the assessment of synthetic drug laboratories was demonstrated.