julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Building an audio/video-feedback system for simulation training in medical education
2015-05-30

Abstract Background: Simulation training in medical education is a valuable tool for skill acquisition. Standard audio/video-feedback systems for training surveillance and subsequent video feedback are expensive and often not available. Methods: We investigated solutions for a low-budget audio/video-feedback system based on consumer hardware and open source software. Results: Our results indicate that inexpensive, movable network cameras are suitable for high-quality video transmission including bidirectional audio transmission and an integrated streaming platform. In combination with a laptop, a WLAN connection, and the open source software iSpyServer , one or more cameras represent the easiest, yet fully functional audio/video-feedback system. For streaming purposes, the open source software VLC media player yields a comprehensive functionality. Using the powerful VideoLAN Media Manager, it is possible to generate a split-screen video comprising different video and audio streams. Optionally, this system can be augmented by analog audio hardware. In this paper, we present how these different modules can be set up and combined to provide an audio/video-feedback system for a simulation ambulance. Conclusions: We conclude that open source software and consumer hardware offer the opportunity to build a low-budget, feature-rich and high-quality audio/video-feedback system that can be used in realistic medical simulations.
Phytosulfokine Regulates Growth in Arabidopsis through a Response Module at the Plasma Membrane That Includes CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNEL17, H+-ATPase, and BAK1
2015-06-01

Phytosulfokine (PSK) is perceived by the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase PSKR1 and promotes growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. PSKR1 is coexpressed with the CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNEL gene CNGC17. PSK promotes protoplast expansion in the wild type but not in cngc17. Protoplast expansion is likewise promoted by cGMP in a CNGC17-dependent manner. Furthermore, PSKR1-deficient protoplasts do not expand in response to PSK but are still responsive to cGMP, suggesting that cGMP acts downstream of PSKR1. Mutating the guanylate cyclase center of PSKR1 impairs seedling growth, supporting a role for PSKR1 signaling via cGMP in planta. While PSKR1 does not interact directly with CNGC17, it interacts with the plasma membrane-localized H(+)-ATPases AHA1 and AHA2 and with the BRI-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1). CNGC17 likewise interacts with AHA1, AHA2, and BAK1, suggesting that PSKR1, BAK1, CNGC17, and AHA assemble in a functional complex. Roots of deetiolated bak1-3 and bak1-4 seedlings were unresponsive to PSK, and bak1-3 and bak1-4 protoplasts expanded less in response to PSK but were fully responsive to cGMP, indicating that BAK1 acts in the PSK signal pathway upstream of cGMP. We hypothesize that CNGC17 and AHAs form a functional cation-translocating unit that is activated by PSKR1/BAK1 and possibly other BAK1/RLK complexes.
Synchronous Endometrial and Ovarian Carcinomas: Evidence of Clonality
2015-06-01

Many women with ovarian endometrioid carcinoma present with concurrent endometrial carcinoma. Organ-confined and low-grade synchronous endometrial and ovarian tumors (SEOs) clinically behave as independent primary tumors rather than a single advanced-stage carcinoma. We used 18 SEOs to investigate the ancestral relationship between the endometrial and ovarian components. Based on both targeted and exome sequencing, 17 of 18 patient cases of simultaneous cancer of the endometrium and ovary from our series showed evidence of a clonal relationship, ie, primary tumor and metastasis. Eleven patient cases fulfilled clinicopathological criteria that would lead to classification as independent endometrial and ovarian primary carcinomas, including being of FIGO stage T1a/1A, with organ-restricted growth and without surface involvement; 10 of 11 of these cases showed evidence of clonality. Our observations suggest that the disseminating cells amongst SEOs are restricted to physically accessible and microenvironment-compatible sites yet remain indolent, without the capacity for further dissemination.
Spatial and temporal variations in rockfall determined from TLS measurements in a deglaciated valley, Switzerland
2015-06-01

Abstract Steep U‐shaped valleys produced by glaciation are commonly eroded by rockfall. In this study we investigate modern and long‐term (power law predicted) rates of rock wall retreat in a deglaciated valley. Our emphasis is on the 5.2 km 2 calcareous cliffs covering in the Lauterbrunnen Valley, Switzerland. Terrestrial laser scans were collected during nine field campaigns over 18 months to provide a continuous coverage of most of the valley walls. Results indicate a total of 122 rockfalls with volumes ranging between 0.06 ± 0.01 and 119.34 ± 1.07 m 3 . Different size groups of rockfall events were correlated with environmental factors (e.g., freeze‐thaw cycles/temperature, precipitation, and seismicity) using a linear regression with variable lag times of 0–6 months. The highest correlation factor ( r = 0.6, P = 0.08, 90% significance level) is observed for freeze‐thaw cycles and rockfall events smaller than 1 m 3 with a 2 month delay between temperature extremes and rockfall. Frequency‐magnitude relationships for rockfall events were calculated to predict less frequent larger rockfall events that did not occur during the observation period. A Monte Carlo analysis was applied to the frequency‐magnitude relationship to evaluate the sensitivity of results to their stochastic nature. An average power law exponent of 1.71 ± 0.09 was calculated using linear regression. The calculated exponents are similar to other studies in calcareous rock settings conducted over different observation durations. Finally, we determine an average total eroded volume of m 3 /yr and a corresponding long‐term (power law predicted) cliff retreat rate of .
Transorbital transnasal endoscopic combined approach to the anterior and middle skull base: a laboratory investigation.
2015-06-01

Orbital approaches provide significant trajectory to the skull base and are used with differently designed pathways. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a combined transorbital and transnasal approach to the anterior and middle cranial fossa. Cadaveric dissection of five silicon-injected heads was used. A total of 10 bilateral transorbital approaches and 5 extended endonasal approaches were performed. Identification of surgical landmarks, main anatomical structures, feasibility of a combined approach and reconstruction of the superior orbital defect were examined. Rod lens endoscope (with 0° and 45° lenses) and endoscopic instruments were used to complete the dissection. The transorbital approach showed good versatility and provides the surgeon with a direct route to the anterior and middle cranial fossa. The transorbital avascular plane showed no conflict with major nerves or vessels. Large exposure area from crista galli to the third ventricle was demonstrated with significant control of different neurovascular structures. A combined transorbital transnasal approach provides considerable value in terms of extent of exposure and free hand movement of the two surgeons, and allows better visualisation and control of the ventral skull base, thus overcoming the current surgical limits of a single approach. Combination of these two minimally invasive approaches should reduce overall morbidity. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the virtual applications of this approach.
Equity in access to health care among asylum seekers in Germany: evidence from an exploratory population-based cross-sectional study
2015-06-01

Our findings revealed that utilisation of health services among asylum-seekers is associated with higher need (vertical equity met). Horizontal equity was met with respect to educational attainment for most outcomes, but a social gradient in health care utilisation was observed across SSS. Further confirmatory research is needed, especially on potential inequities in unmet medical need and on measurements of SES among asylum-seekers.
Nuclear physics in soft-wall AdS/QCD: Deuteron electromagnetic form factors
2015-06-01

We present a high-quality description of the deuteron electromagnetic form\\nfactors in a soft-wall AdS/QCD approach. We first propose an effective action\\ndescribing the dynamics of the deuteron in the presence of an external vector\\nfield. Based on this action the deuteron electromagnetic form factors are\\ncalculated, displaying the correct 1/Q^10 power scaling for large Q^2 values.\\nThis finding is consistent with quark counting rules and the earlier\\nobservation that this result holds in confining gauge/gravity duals. The Q^2\\ndependence of the deuteron form factors is defined by a single and universal\\nscale parameter kappa, which is fixed from data.\\n
Usefulness of Genetic Testing in PD and PD Trials: A Balanced Review
2015-06-01

An increasing proportion of the individual and population risk to develop Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be explained by genetic variants of different effect strength, forming a continuum from rare high penetrance gain or loss of function mutations to relatively common genetic risk variants that only mildly modify disease risk. In the coming years, further advances in molecular genetic technologies, in particular the increasing use of next generation sequencing, is likely to generate a wealth of new knowledge about the genetic basis of PD. Although specific treatments for PD based on the underlying genetic etiology will probably not be available in the near future, genetic testing is therefore likely to play an increasing role, both in the counselling of individual patients and their families with respect to the expected disease course and recurrence risks, and in the stratification of patient groups in clinical trials. Thus, the usefulness of genetic testing strongly depends on question asked and needs to be considered within each particular setting.
Improved energy efficiency and vehicle dynamics for battery electric vehicles through torque vectoring control
2015-06-01

We propose a novel torque vectoring concept for battery electric vehicles propelled by wheel-individual electric machines. Besides vehicle dynamic aspects, mainly addressed in other works, we especially focus on energy efficiency improvements. Our approach is based on a comprehensive four-wheel model taking the tires' nonlinear characteristics into account. A yaw torque optimized for vehicle dynamics and energy efficiency is calculated by a controller and allocated to the wheel hubs by a torque distribution block considering the efficiency characteristics of the electric machines. The resulting torque vectoring control system leads to an energy consumption reduction of around 10% for many driving situations, containing both high and low lateral acceleration scenarios.
Reversibility in Reactions of Linker-Bridged Distannenes with Terminal Alkynes at Ambient Temperature
2015-06-01

The linker-bridged distannene [(2,6-Mes2)C6H3Sn]2C12H8 (1) featuring an acenaphthene linker and the sterically demanding terphenyl substituent Ar(Me) (= C6H3-2,6-Mes2; Mes = C6H2-2,4,6-Me3) was prepared and characterized by single-crystal analysis, NMR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. Furthermore, the reactivity of distannene 1 and previously reported distannenes 2 and 3, bearing either a naphthalene or a 9,9-dimethylxanthene backbone and the terphenyl substituent Ar(Me), as well as bis(stannylene) 4, featuring a 9,9-dimethylxanthene backbone and the terphenyl substituent Ar(iPr) (= C6H3-2,6-Trip2; Trip = C6H2-2,4,6-i-Pr3), toward terminal alkynes at ambient temperature was investigated, leading to the formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition products 5-9. The reactions of distannene 1 with trimethylsilylacetylene and phenylacetylene, the reaction of distannene 2 with trimethylsilyl-acetylene, as well as the reaction of bis(stannylene) 4 with phenylacetylene show reversibility, while distannenes 2 and 3 react irreversibly with phenylacetylene at room temperature. A van't Hoff analysis of variable-temperature (1)H NMR spectra of the cycloadduct of the reaction of distannene 1 with trimethylsilylacetylene afforded a dissociation enthalpy (ΔHdiss) of 71.6 kJ·mol(-1), which is in surprisingly good agreement with the results of accompanying DFT calculations (ΔHdiss = 70.9 kJ·mol(-1)).
Scalable structure from motion for densely sampled videos
2015-06-01

Videos consisting of thousands of high resolution frames are challenging for existing structure from motion (SfM) and simultaneous-localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques. We present a new approach for simultaneously computing extrinsic camera poses and 3D scene structure that is capable of handling such large volumes of image data. The key insight behind this paper is to effectively exploit coherence in densely sampled video input. Our technical contributions include robust tracking and selection of confident video frames, a novel window bundle adjustment, frame-to-structure verification for globally consistent reconstructions with multi-loop closing, and utilizing efficient global linear camera pose estimation in order to link both consecutive and distant bundle adjustment windows. To our knowledge we describe the first system that is capable of handling high resolution, high frame-rate video data with close to real-time performance. In addition, our approach can robustly integrate data from different video sequences, allowing multiple video streams to be simultaneously calibrated in an efficient and globally optimal way. We demonstrate high quality alignment on large scale challenging datasets, e.g., 2-20 megapixel resolution at frame rates of 25-120 Hz with thousands of frames.
Cortical information flow during flexible sensorimotor decisions
2015-06-01

During flexible behavior, multiple brain regions encode sensory inputs, the current task, and choices. It remains unclear how these signals evolve. We simultaneously recorded neuronal activity from six cortical regions [middle temporal area (MT), visual area four (V4), inferior temporal cortex (IT), lateral intraparietal area (LIP), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and frontal eye fields (FEF)] of monkeys reporting the color or motion of stimuli. After a transient bottom-up sweep, there was a top-down flow of sustained task information from frontoparietal to visual cortex. Sensory information flowed from visual to parietal and prefrontal cortex. Choice signals developed simultaneously in frontoparietal regions and travelled to FEF and sensory cortex. This suggests that flexible sensorimotor choices emerge in a frontoparietal network from the integration of opposite flows of sensory and task information.
The Western Australian Convicts
2015-06-01

B ritish convicts transported to W estern A ustralia between 1850 and 1868 were not as positively selected regarding their human capital as early historical accounts suggest. The heights of the convicts were not statistically different from those of B ritish prisoners who were not transported. While few were skilled, the proportion of construction workers was higher than expected, consistent with selection for the needs of the colonial government's works on infrastructure. Data on inmates of F remantle P rison allow validation of height measurements and occupational statements in the convict list. A ustralian‐born prisoners were taller than those who came from B ritain as free immigrants.
Clinical Parameters and Tools for Home-Based Assessment of Parkinson’s Disease: Results from a Delphi study
2015-06-01

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with fluctuating symptoms. To aid the development of a system to evaluate people with PD (PwP) at home (SENSE-PARK system) there was a need to define parameters and tools to be applied in the assessment of 6 domains: gait, bradykinesia/hypokinesia, tremor, sleep, balance and cognition. Objective: To identify relevant parameters and assessment tools of the 6 domains, from the perspective of PwP, caregivers and movement disorders specialists. Methods: A 2-round Delphi study was conducted to select a core of parameters and assessment tools to be applied. This process included PwP, caregivers and movement disorders specialists. Results: Two hundred and thirty-three PwP, caregivers and physicians completed the first round questionnaire, and 50 the second. Results allowed the identification of parameters and assessment tools to be added to the SENSE-PARK system. The most consensual parameters were: Falls and Near Falls; Capability to Perform Activities of Daily Living; Interference with Activities of Daily Living; Capability to Process Tasks; and Capability to Recall and Retrieve Information. The most cited assessment strategies included Walkers; the Evaluation of Performance Doing Fine Motor Movements; Capability to Eat; Assessment of Sleep Quality; Identification of Circumstances and Triggers for Loose of Balance and Memory Assessment. Conclusions: An agreed set of measuring parameters, tests, tools and devices was achieved to be part of a system to evaluate PwP at home. A pattern of different perspectives was identified for each stakeholder.
Halogenated hydrocarbon formation in a moderately acidic salt lake in Western Australia – role of abiotic and biotic processes
2015-06-01

Environmental context Volatile halogenated organic compounds (VOX) contribute to ozone depletion and global warming. Here we demonstrate that acidic salt lake sediments in Western Australia contribute to the global natural emission of these compounds and that the emissions are primarily of biotic origin. Elucidating major sources and sinks of VOX is a key task in environmental chemistry because their formation and degradation have major effects on atmospheric chemistry and thus earth climate. Abstract Volatile organohalogen compounds (VOX) are known environmental pollutants and contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion. Natural formation of VOX has been shown for many environments from the deep sea to forest soils and Antarctica. Recently, we showed that VOX are emitted from pH-neutral salt lakes in Western Australia and that they are mainly of biotic origin. To which extent this biotic organohalogen formation in salt lakes is pH-dependent and whether VOX are also formed under acidic conditions are unknown. Therefore, we quantified VOX emissions from an acidic salt lake in Western Australia (Lake Orr) in biotic and abiotic (γ ray-irradiated) microcosm experiments under controlled laboratory conditions. The experiments revealed that biotic halogenation processes also occurred under acidic conditions (pH range 3.8–4.8), though the emissions were approximately one order of magnitude lower (nanogram per kilogram dry sediment range) than from pH-neutral lake sediments. Among the detected substances were brominated, e.g. tribromomethane, as well as chlorinated compounds (e.g. trichloromethane). The addition of lactate and acetate, and ferrihydrite showed no stimulation of VOX formation in our microcosms. Hence, the stimulation of Fe-metabolising microorganisms and their potential effect on the formation of reactive Fe species did not promote VOX emissions, suggesting a direct enzymatic formation of the emitted compounds.
State-based power optimization using mixed-criticality filter for automotive networks
2015-06-01

In this paper we propose an approach on energy management for optimizing the energy consumption of both electrical and conventional vehicle's board electronic. The pursued idea exploits degrees of freedom resulting from vehicle functions which are not permanently used during operation. The elaborated framework achieves this by a state-based power optimization approach using partial networking. It selectively shuts down Electronic Control Units (ECUs) based on requirement and criticality. Experimental results show up to 29.6% saving of the ECUs energy consumption on several driving cycles, which were created from real measured data provided by an automotive OEM.
Integration of IEEE C37.118 and publish/subscribe communication
2015-06-01

IEEE C37.118 is the current standard for synchrophasor measurements in power systems. It defines the measurement method and communication protocols for the entities in a synchrophasor network. The standard offers two different modes for client-server communication, but cannot be used unchanged over publish/subscribe communication architectures, whose major advantage is simplified and incremental integration of new applications. This work reviews the communication part of IEEE C37.118, and provides an adapter-based solution to easily connect and integrate entities in a synchrophasor network over a publish/subscribe communication architecture. The proposed adapters offer standard-compliant communication between the synchrophasor measurement network entities to facilitate the exchange of measurement data.
Reactions of the rat musculoskeletal system to compressive spinal cord injury (SCI) and whole body vibration (WBV) therapy.
2015-06-01

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a loss of locomotor function with associated compromise of the musculo-skeletal system. Whole body vibration (WBV) is a potential therapy following SCI, but little is known about its effects on the musculo-skeletal system. Here, we examined locomotor recovery and the musculo-skeletal system after thoracic (T7-9) compression SCI in adult rats. Daily WBV was started at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after injury (WBV1-WBV28 respectively) and continued over a 12-week post-injury period. Intact rats, rats with SCI but no WBV (sham-treated) and a group that received passive flexion and extension (PFE) of their hind limbs served as controls. Compared to sham-treated rats, neither WBV nor PFE improved motor function. Only WBV14 and PFE improved body support. In line with earlier studies we failed to detect signs of soleus muscle atrophy (weight, cross sectional diameter, total amount of fibers, mean fiber diameter) or bone loss in the femur (length, weight, bone mineral density). One possible explanation is that, despite of injury extent, the preservation of some axons in the white matter, in combination with quadripedal locomotion, may provide sufficient trophic and neuronal support for the musculoskeletal system.
Temporal Self-Extension: Implications for Temporal Comparison and Autobiographical Memory
2015-06-01

Abstract Research on temporal comparison has shown that people dissociate themselves from their past to attain a positive self view. Social comparison research has demonstrated that the distinctness of contextually activated information determines whether a recalled self exerts assimilation or contrast effects on the current self. However, hardly any study addressed individual differences. Also, very little is known about whether the ease or difficulty to date past events and experiences influences current self-judgments. We present a new scale capturing the degree of the current self time extension. Three studies support the notion that temporal self-extension determines how past selves are accessed and processed, regarding both the abstractness with which self-knowledge is retrieved and the experienced temporal distance to the past. These findings have important implications for temporal as well as social comparison processes.
Interacting electrons in a magnetic field in a center-of-mass free basis
2015-06-01

We present an extension of the spin-adapted configuration-interaction method\\nfor the computation of four electrons in a quasi two-dimensional quantum dot.\\nBy a group-theoretical decomposition of the basis set and working with relative\\nand center-of-mass coordinates we obtain an analytical identification of all\\nspurious center-of-mass states of the Coulomb-interacting electrons. We find a\\nsubstantial reduction in the basis set used for numerical computations. At the\\nsame time we increase the accuracy compared to the standard spin-adapted\\nconfiguration-interaction method (SACI) due to the absence of distortions\\ncaused by an unbalanced cut-off of center-of-mass excitations.\\n