julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Category Level Object Pose Estimation via Neural Analysis-by-Synthesis
2020-12-11

Many object pose estimation algorithms rely on the analysis-by-synthesis framework which requires explicit representations of individual object instances. In this paper we combine a gradient-based fitting procedure with a parametric neural image synthesis module that is capable of implicitly representing the appearance, shape and pose of entire object categories, thus rendering the need for explicit CAD models per object instance unnecessary. The image synthesis network is designed to efficiently span the pose configuration space so that model capacity can be used to capture the shape and local appearance (i.e., texture) variations jointly. At inference time the synthesized images are compared to the target via an appearance based loss and the error signal is backpropagated through the network to the input parameters. Keeping the network parameters fixed, this allows for iterative optimization of the object pose, shape and appearance in a joint manner and we experimentally show that the method can recover orientation of objects with high accuracy from 2D images alone. When provided with depth measurements, to overcome scale ambiguities, the method can accurately recover the full 6DOF pose successfully.
The essential role of sodium bioenergetics and ATP homeostasis in the developmental transitions of a cyanobacterium
2020-12-11

Abstract The ability to resume growth after a dormant period is an important strategy for the survival and spreading of bacterial populations. Energy homeostasis is critical in the transition into and out of a quiescent state. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a non-diazotrophic cyanobacterium, enters metabolic dormancy as a response to nitrogen starvation. We used Synechocystis as a model to investigate the regulation of ATP homeostasis during dormancy and unraveled a critical role for sodium bioenergetics in dormant cells. During nitrogen starvation, cells reduce their ATP levels and engage sodium bioenergetics to maintain the minimum ATP content required for viability. When nitrogen becomes available, energy requirements rise, and cells immediately increase ATP levels employing sodium bioenergetics and glycogen catabolism. These processes allow them to restore the photosynthetic machinery and resume photoautotrophic growth. Our work reveals a precise regulation of the energy metabolism essential for bacterial survival during periods of nutrient deprivation.
Distinct cortical correlation structures of fractal and oscillatory neuronal activity
2020-12-11

Abstract Electrophysiological population signals contain oscillatory and fractal (1/frequency) components. So far research has largely focused on oscillatory activity and only recently interest in fractal population activity has gained momentum. Accordingly, while the cortical correlation structure of oscillatory population activity has been characterized, little is known about the correlation of fractal neuronal activity. To address this, we investigated fractal neuronal population activity in the human brain using resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG). We combined source-analysis, signal orthogonalization and irregular-resampling auto-spectral analysis (IRASA) to systematically characterize the cortical distribution and correlation of fractal neuronal activity. We found that fractal population activity is robustly correlated across the cortex and that this correlation is spatially well structured. Furthermore, we found that the cortical correlation structure of fractal activity is similar but distinct from the correlation structure of oscillatory neuronal activity. Anterior cortical regions showed the strongest differences between oscillatory and fractal correlation patterns. Our results suggest that correlations of fractal population activity serve as robust markers of cortical network interactions. Furthermore, our results show that fractal and oscillatory signal components provide non-redundant information about large-scale neuronal correlations. This may reflect at least partly distinct neuronal mechanisms underlying and reflected by oscillatory and fractal neuronal population activity.
(2S,3′S,3a'R,5′R,7a'R)-5′-[(E)-5-(Furan-3-yl)-2-methylpent-1-en-1-yl]-3-hydroxy-3′,4,7′-trimethyl-1′,2′,3′,3a',5′,7a'-hexahydro-5H-spiro[furan-2,4′-inden]-5-one
2020-12-11

The title compound, ircinianin, C 25 H 32 O 4 , belongs to the sesterterpene tetronic acid compound family and was isolated from the marine sponge Ircinia wistarii . These chemical scaffolds are pharmacologically relevant, since they represent a new class of glycine receptor modulators. The furan ring makes a dihedral angle of 35.14 (12)° to the 4-hydroxy-3-methylfuran-2( 5H )-one ring. The crystal packing is characterized by intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds, which generate [010] chains.
Convergent evolution of distinct immune sensor systems for fungal polygalacturonases inBrassicaceae
2020-12-11

Abstract Plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) facilitate recognition of microbial surface patterns and mediate activation of plant immunity. Arabidopsis thaliana RLP42, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor protein (LRR-RP), senses fungal endopolygalacturonases (PGs) through a ternary complex comprising RLP42, the adapter kinase SOBIR1, and SERK proteins. Several fungal PGs harbor a conserved 9-amino acid fragment pg9(At), which is sufficient to activate RLP42-dependent plant immunity. Domain swap experiments using RLP42 and paralogous RLP40 sequences revealed a dominant role of the island domain (ID) for ligand binding and PRR complex assembly. Involvement of the ID in plant receptor function is reminiscent of plant phytosulfokine (PSK) perception through the receptor, PSKR, a LRR receptor kinase. Sensitivity to pg9(At), which is restricted to A. thaliana , exhibits notable accession specificity as active RLP42 alleles were found in only 16 of 52 accessions tested. Arabidopsis arenosa and Brassica rapa , two Brassicaceae species closely related to A. thaliana , perceive plant immunogenic PG fragments pg20(Aa) or pg36(Bra), which are distinct from pg9(At). Our study unveils unprecedented complexity and dynamics of PG pattern recognition receptor evolution within a single plant family. PG perception systems may have evolved rather independently as a result of convergent evolution even among closely related species.
Ruskin’s Islamic Orient and the Formation of a European Ideal
2020-12-11

The Ruskinian attitude towards the non-European, and in particular, the Islamic ‘other’, may at first seem definitive. This position being made evident from Ruskin’s descriptions of the lugubrious nature of Islam’s sacred scripture, its peoples, arts and Weltanschauung . This paper argues, contrary to this bien pensant view, that Ruskin’s oeuvre intimates an ongoing, lasting and unfinished discussion with the Islamic Orient, from the earliest drafts of The Stones of Venice to later discourses on morality, history and religion. Whilst the sympathies for the refinement and delicacy of Islamic art and its influences upon the Venetian Gothic are well documented in the literature, Ruskin’s engagement with Islam (both positive and negative) has yet to be fully explored. This paper endeavours to warp and weft the strands of these ideas into a sustained discussion of Ruskin’s ideals in his oeuvre.
Radiocarbon dates associated to Neolithic contexts (ca. 5900 – 2000 cal BC) from the northwestern Mediterranean Arch to the High Rhine area
2020-12-11

This database is a compilation of radiocarbon dates associated with the process of arrival, development and consolidation of the first farming communities that settled between the north-western Mediterranean Arch and the High Rhine area approximately between 5900 and 2000 cal BC., covering a large geographical area previously out of the main focus of <sup>14</sup>C data compilations. The database includes dates from scientific publications and it incorporates several fields for evaluating the quality and the reliability of the available samples. It overall provides 3690 radiocarbon dates that allow the scientific community to build chronological models that can be combined with other proxies such as spatial location, type of sample or chronocultural phase.
Addressing a Trapped High-Energy Water: Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent Pyrimidoindole-based GSK-3β inhibitors.
2020-12-11

Raw concatenated trajectories of the molecular dynamics simulations and WaterMap-output files related to publication: Addressing a Trapped High-Energy Water: Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent Pyrimidoindole-Based Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitors <em><strong>J Med Chem (2021): </strong></em>https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02146 Compounds <strong><em>(S)</em>-5c</strong> and <strong><em>(S)</em>-15</strong> trajectories are provided in a single concatenated Desmond trajectory file (Both: 1 μs + 1 μs + 1 μs + 1 μs + 1 μs + 1 μs + 1 μs + 1 μs + 1 μs + 1 μs = 10 μs in total) <strong><em>(S)</em>-5c</strong> = Files named: M_CL_all-out.cms; M_CL_all_trj/ <strong><em>(S)</em>-15</strong> = Files named: M_CC_all-out.cms; M_CC_all_trj/ WaterMap-output files (.zip) <strong><em>(S)</em>-5c</strong> = watermap_5c_wm.zip <strong><em>(S)</em>-5m</strong> = watermap_5c_wm.zip <strong><em>(S)</em>-15</strong> = watermap_15_wm.zip;<em> </em>MD-derived (#1-5): MD_derived_watermap_15_?_wm.zip
The scientific payload on-board the HERMES-TP and HERMES-SP CubeSat missions
2020-12-12

HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) Technological and\\nScientific pathfinder is a space borne mission based on a LEO constellation of\\nnano-satellites. The 3U CubeSat buses host new miniaturized detectors to probe\\nthe temporal emission of bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts\\n(GRBs). Fast transient localization, in a field of view of several steradians\\nand with arcmin-level accuracy, is gained by comparing time delays among the\\nsame event detection epochs occurred on at least 3 nano-satellites. With a\\nlaunch date in 2022, HERMES transient monitoring represents a keystone\\ncapability to complement the next generation of gravitational wave experiments.\\nIn this paper we will illustrate the HERMES payload design, highlighting the\\ntechnical solutions adopted to allow a wide-energy-band and sensitive X-ray and\\ngamma-ray detector to be accommodated in a CubeSat 1U volume together with its\\ncomplete control electronics and data handling system.\\n
The X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) on-board THESEUS: design, main characteristics, and concept of operation
2020-12-12

Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray; Virtual, Online; United States; 14 December 2020 through 18 December 2020; Code 166330.--Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering Volume 11444, 2020, Article number 114442K.--Full list of authors: Labanti, C.; Amati, L.; Frontera, F.; Mereghetti, S.; Gasent-Blesa, J. L.; Tenzer, C.; Orleanski, P.; Kuvvetli, I.; Campana, R.; Fuschino, F.; Terenzi, L.; Virgilli, E.; Morgante, G.; Orlandini, M.; Butler, R. C.; Stephen, J. B.; Auricchio, N.; De Rosa, A.; Da Ronco, V.; Evangelisti, F. Melchiorri, M.; Squerzanti, S.; Fiorini, M.; Bertuccio, G.; Mele, F.; Gandola, M.; Malcovati, P.; Grassi, M.; Bellutti, P.; Borghi, G.; Ficorella, F.; Picciotto, A.; Zanini, V.; Zorzi, N.; Demenev, E.; Rashevskaya, I.; Rachevski, A.; Zampa, G.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.; Baldazzi, G.; La Rosa, G.; Sottile, G.; Volpe, A.; Winkler, M.; Reglero, V.; Connell, P. H.; Pinazo-Herrero, B.; Navarro-González, J.; Rodríguez-Martínez, P.; Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Santangelo, A.; Hedderman, P.; Lorenzi, P.; Sarra, P.; Pedersen, S. M.; Tcherniak, D.; Guidorzi, C.; Rosati, P.; Trois, A.; Piazzolla, R.
The THESEUS space mission: updated design, profile and expected performances
2020-12-12

THESEUS is a space mission concept, currently under Phase A study by ESA as\\ncandidate M5 mission, aiming at exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts for investigating\\nthe early Universe and at providing a substantial advancement of\\nmulti-messenger and time-domain astrophysics. In addition to fully exploiting\\nhigh-redshift GRBs for cosmology (pop-III stars, cosmic re-ionization, SFR and\\nmetallicity evolution up to the "cosmic dawn"), THESEUS will allow the\\nidentification and study of the electromagnetic counterparts to sources of\\ngravitational waves which will be routinely detected in the late '20s / early\\n'30s by next generation facilities like aLIGO/aVirgo, LISA, KAGRA, and Einstein\\nTelescope (ET), as well as of most classes of X/gamma-ray transient sources,\\nthus providing an ideal synergy with the large e.m. facilities of the near\\nfuture like, e.g., LSST, ELT, TMT, SKA, CTA, ATHENA. These breakthrough\\nscientific objectives will be achieved by an unprecedented combination of\\nX/gamma-ray monitors, providing the capabilities of detecting and accurately\\nlocalize and kind of GRBs and may classes of transient in an energy band as\\nlarge as 0.1 keV - 10 MeV, with an on-board NIR telescope providing detection,\\nlocalization (arcsec) and redshift measurement of the NIR counterpart. A Guest\\nObserver programme, further improving the scientific return and community\\ninvolvement is also envisaged. We summarize the main scientific requirements of\\nthe mission and provide an overview of the updated concept, design (instruments\\nand spacecraft) and mission profile.\\n
SRG/eROSITA in-flight background at L2
2020-12-12

eROSITA aboard the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma satellite, successfully launched in July 2019, is the first X-ray astronomical telescope operational at the Sun-Earth Lagrange point L2. A prime scientific goal of eROSITA is the detection of 100000 clusters of galaxies, which at the fainter luminosity end appears as weak and slightly extended objects. For a reliable detection and characterization of the sources also a detailed knowledge of the instrumental background is required. In the light of the upcoming ESA Athena mission and other future X-ray missions, eROSITA can play a role as pathfinder in terms of space environment and non-X-ray background at L2.. Initial results related to the eROSITA in-flight background have been obtained during Commissioning and subsequent Calibration and Performance Verification phases. The eROSITA background is composed of various components, such as from the electronics, from particle induced radiation inside the camera, external particles registered (and rejected) onboard, stray-light from celestial sources, and general X-ray background. By means of dedicated variations of the set-up (e.g., filter wheel, on-board processing) and viewing direction we started to disentangle the components and origins. Particle background variations appear to be low, which may be expected due to the low solar activity at the moment. The general background level appears to exceed pre-launch expectation. This is currently under investigation.
MCP detector development for UV space missions
2020-12-12

The Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics in Tübingen (IAAT) has a long-term experience in developing and building space-qualified imaging and photon counting microchannel-plate (MCP) detectors, which are sensitive in the ultraviolet wavelength range. Our goal is to achieve high quantum efficiency and spatial resolution, while maintaining solar blindness and low-noise characteristics.<br /> Our flexible detector design is currently tailored to the specific needs of three missions: For the ESBO <em>DS </em>(European Stratospheric Balloon Observatory - <em>Design Study</em>) we provide a sealed detector to the STUDIO instrument (Stratospheric Ultraviolet Demonstrator of an Imaging Observatory), a 50 cm telescope with a UV imager for operation at an altitude of 37-41 km. In collaboration with the Indian Institute of Astrophysics we plan a space mission with a CubeSat-sized farultraviolet spectroscopic imaging instrument, featuring an open version of our detector. A Chinese mission, led by the Purple Mountain Observatory, comprises a multi-channel imager using open and sealed detector versions.<br /> Our MCP detector has a cesium activated p-doped gallium-nitride photocathode. Other photocathode materials like cesium-telluride or potassium-bromide could be used as an alternative. For the sealed version, the photocathode is operated in semi-transparent mode on a MgF<sub>2</sub> window with a cut-off wavelength of about 118 nm. For missions requiring sensitivity below this cut-off, we are planning an open version. We employ a coplanar cross-strip anode and advanced low-power readout electronics with a 128-channel charge-amplifier chip.<br /> This publication focuses on the progress concerning the main development challenges: the optimization of the photocathode parameters and the sophisticated detector electronics.
Enhanced simulations on the ATHENA/WFI instrumental background
2020-12-12

The Wide Field Imager (WFI) is one of two focal plane instruments of the Advanced Telescope for High-Energy Astrophysics (Athena), ESA's next large X-ray observatory, planned for launch in the early 2030's. The current baseline halo orbit is around L2, the first Lagrangian point of the Sun-Earth system, L1 is under consideration. For both potential halo orbits the radiation environment, solar and cosmic protons, electrons and He-ions will affect the performance of the instruments. A further critical contribution to the instrument background arises from the unfocused cosmic hard X-ray background. It is important to understand and estimate the expected instrumental background and to investigate measures, like design modifications or analysis methods, which could improve the expected background level in order to achieve the challenging scientific requirement (&lt; 5 &times; 10<sup>−3</sup> cts/cm<sup>2</sup>/keV/s at 2 - 7 keV). Previous WFI background simulations1 done in Geant4 have been improved by taking into account new information about the proton flux at L2. In addition, the simulation model of the WFI instrument and its surroundings employed in GEANT4 simulations has been refined to follow the technological development of the WFI camera.
Status of the STUDIO UV balloon mission and platform
2020-12-12

Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes VIII 2020; Virtual, Online; United States; 14 December 2020 through 22 December 2020; Code 166573.--Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering\\nVolume 11445, 2020, Article number 114451Y.--Full list of authors: Pahler, A.; Ã ngermann, M.; Barnstedt, J.; Bougueroua, S.; Colin, A.; Conti, L.; Diebold, S.; Duffard, R.; Emberger, M.; Hanke, L.; Kalkuhl, C.; Kappelmann, N.; Keilig, T.; Klinkner, S.; Krabbe, A.; Janson, O.; Lengowski, M.; Lockowandt, C.; Maier, P.; Müller, T.; Rauch, T.; Schanz, T.; Stelzer, B.; Taheran, M.; Vaerneus, A.; Werner, K.; Wolf, J.
Mapping Lyman UV emission for diffuse sources
2020-12-12

&lt;p&gt;The CAFE (Census of warm-hot intergalactic medium, Accretion, and Feedback Explorer) and LyRIC (Lyman UV Radiation from Interstellar medium and Circum-galactic medium) have been proposed to the space agencies in China respectively. CAFE was first proposed in 2015 as a joint scientific CAS-ESA small space mission. LyRIC was proposed in 2019 as an independent external payload operating on the Chinese Space Station. Both missions are dedicated to mapping the Lyman UV emission (ionized oxygen (O vi) resonance lines at 103.2 and 103.8 nm, and Lyman series) for the diffuse sources in our Galaxy and the circum-galactic mediums of the nearby galaxies. We present the primary science objectives, mission concepts, the enabling technologies, as well as the current status. &amp;copy; 2020 SPIE&lt;/p&gt;
The Payload Data Handling Unit (PDHU) on-board the HERMES-TP and HERMES-SP CubeSat Missions
2020-12-12

The High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites (HERMES) Technological and Scientific pathfinder is a space borne mission based on a constellation of LEO nanosatellites. The payloads of these CubeSats consist of miniaturized detectors designed for bright high-energy transients such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). This platform aims to impact Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) science and enhance the detection of Gravitational Wave (GW) electromagnetic counterparts. This goal will be achieved with a field of view of several steradians, arcmin precision and state of the art timing accuracy. The localization performance for the whole constellation is proportional to the number of components and inversely proportional to the average baseline between them, and therefore is expected to increase as more. In this paper we describe the Payload Data Handling Unit (PDHU) for the HERMES-TP and HERMES SP mission. The PDHU is the main interface between the payload and the satellite bus. The PDHU is also in charge of the on-board control and monitoring of the scintillating crystal detectors. We will explain the TM/TC design and the distinct modes of operation. We also discuss the on-board data processing carried out by the PDHU and its impact on the output data of the detector.
Self-distillation for German and Dutch dependency parsing
2020-12-12

In this paper, we explore self-distillation as a means to improve statistical dependency parsing models for Dutch and German over purely supervised training. Self-distillation (Furlanello et al. 2018) trains a new student model on the output of an existing (weaker) teacher model. In contrast to most previous work on self-distillation, we perform distillation using a large, unannotated corpus. We show that in dependency parsing as sequence labeling (Spoustov ́a and Spousta 2010, Strzyz et al. 2019), self-distillation plus finetuning provides large improvements over models that use supervised training. We carry out experiments on the German T ̈uBa-D/Z universal dependency (UD) treebank (C ̧ ̈oltekin et al. 2017) and the UD conversion of the Dutch Lassy Small treebank (Bouma and van Noord 2017). We find that self-distillation improves German parsing accuracy of a bidirectional LSTM parser from 92.23 to 94.33 Labeled Attachment Score (LAS). Similarly, on Dutch we see improvement from 89.89 to 91.84 LAS.
Technology development of Athena WFI frame processor electronics and verification of its real-time performance
2020-12-12

The core element of the Athena Wide-Field-Imager (WFI) is its detector assembly. The scientific raw data rate, depending on the observation mode, reaches values up to 3.65 Gbit/s. We demonstrate the error-free real-time processing capability using an input data stream that simulates scientific observations, e.g. a crab-like point source with 78,000 up to 195,000 photons per second.