julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Neutron star mass–radius constraints using the high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations of GRB 200415A
2023-07-03

Context. Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in a giant flare of a strongly magnetized neutron star (magnetar) carry crucial information for extracting the properties od neutron stars. Aims. The aim of this study is to constrain the mass and radius of the neutron star model for GRB 200415A by identifying the observed QPOs with crustal torsional oscillations and comparing these with experimental constraints on the nuclear matter properties. The frequencies of the crustal torsional oscillations are determined by solving the eigenvalue problem with the Cowling approximation, assuming a magnetic field of about 10 15 G. Methods. We find that the observed QPOs can be identified with several overtones of crustal oscillations for carefully selected combinations of the nuclear saturation parameters. Thus, we can inversely constrain the neutron star mass and radius for GRB 200415A by comparing them to the values of nuclear saturation parameters obtained from terrestrial experiments. Results. We impose further constraints on the neutron star mass and radius while the candidate neutron star models examined here are consistent with the constraints obtained from other available astronomical and experimental observations.
Latest observations on the low energy excess in CRESST-III
2023-07-03

The CRESST experiment observes an unexplained excess of events at low energies. In the current CRESST-III data-taking campaign we are operating detector modules with different designs to narrow down the possible explanations. In this work, we show first observations of the ongoing measurement, focusing on the comparison of time, energy and temperature dependence of the excess in several detectors. These exclude dark matter, radioactive backgrounds and intrinsic sources related to the crystal bulk as a major contribution.
Synthesis of Cobalt‐Tin and ‐Lead Tetrylidynes—Reactivity Study of the Triple Bond
2023-07-03

Abstract Tetrylidynes [TbbSn≡Co(PMe 3 ) 3 ] ( 1 a ) and [TbbPb≡Co(PMe 3 ) 3 ] ( 2 ) (Tbb=2,6‐[CH(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 ‐4‐( t ‐Bu)C 6 H 2 ) are accessed for the first time via a substitution reaction between [Na(OEt 2 )][Co(PMe 3 ) 4 ] and [Li(thf) 2 ][TbbEBr 2 ] (E=Sn, Pb). Following an alternative procedure the stannylidyne [Ar*Sn≡Co(PMe 3 ) 3 ] ( 1 b ) was synthesized by hydrogen atom abstraction using AIBN from the paramagnetic hydride complex [Ar*SnH=Co(PMe 3 ) 3 ] ( 4 ) (AIBN=azobis(isobutyronitrile)). The stannylidyne 1 a adds two equivalents of water to yield the dihydroxide [TbbSn(OH) 2 CoH 2 (PMe 3 ) 3 ] ( 5 ). In reaction of the stannylidyne 1 a with CO 2 a product of a redox reaction [TbbSn(CO 3 )Co(CO)(PMe 3 ) 3 ] ( 6 ) was isolated. Protonation of the tetrylidynes occurs at the cobalt atom to give the metalla‐stanna vinyl cation [TbbSn=CoH(PMe 3 ) 3 ][BAr F 4 ] ( 7 a ) [Ar F =C 6 H 3 ‐3,5‐(CF 3 ) 2 ]. The analogous germanium and tin cations [Ar*E=CoH(PMe 3 ) 3 ][BAr F 4 ] (E=Ge 9 , Sn 7 b ) (Ar*=C 6 H 3 (2,6‐Trip) 2 , Trip=2,4,6‐C 6 H 2 i Pr 3 ) were also obtained by oxidation of the paramagnetic complexes [Ar*EH=Co(PMe 3 ) 3 ] (E=Ge 3 , Sn 4 ), which were synthesized by substitution of a PMe 3 ligand of [Co(PMe 3 ) 4 ] by a hydridoylene (Ar*EH) unit.
Flora in the Latin East: Archaeobotanical Remains from Crusader Arsur
2023-07-03

Archaeobotanical analysis in Crusader-period sites in the Southern Levant is rare, and the plant finds from Arsur (Apollonia-Arsuf ) add new data to the scarce Crusader botanical material. The fills of refuse from one cesspit from the 12th and 13th centuries CE have revealed mineralised plant finds seldom uncovered in the Southern Levant. Together with the carbonised plant material from other loci of Crusader-period contexts, this plant assemblage forms a comprehensive picture of the diet of the site inhabitants. The analysis of Crusader crop material shows a diet of typical Southern Levantine character that was based on the cultivation and use of indigenous crops also known from other contemporaneous sites.
Autonomous Adaption of Intelligent Humidity‐Programmed Hydrogel Patches for Tunable Stiffness and Drug Release
2023-07-03

Abstract Intelligent humidity‐programmed hydrogel patches with high stretchability and tunable water‐uptake and ‐release are prepared by copolymerization and crosslinking of N ‐isopropylacrylamide and oligo(ethylene glycol) comonomers. These intelligent elastomeric patches strongly respond to different humidities and temperatures in terms of mechanical properties which makes them applicable for soft robotics and smart skin applications where autonomous adaption to environmental conditions is a key requirement. It is shown that beyond using the hydrogel in the conventional state in aqueous media, new patches can be controlled by relative humidity. This humidity programming of the patches allows to tune drug release kinetics, opening potential application fields such as skin wound therapy and personalized medication. In situ dynamic‐mechanical measurements show a huge dependence on temperature and humidity. The glass transition temperature T g shifts from around 60 °C at dry conditions to below 0 °C for 75% r.h. and higher. The storage modulus is tunable over more than four orders of magnitude from 0.6 up to 400 MPa. Time‐temperature superposition in master curves allows to extract relaxation times over 14 orders of magnitude. With strains at break of over 200% the patches are compliant with human skin and therefore patient‐friendly in terms of adapting to movements.
Measuring spin in coalescing binaries of neutron stars that show double precursors
2023-07-03

Gamma-ray bursts resulting from binary neutron-star mergers are sometimes preceded by precursor flares. These harbingers can be ignited by quasi-normal modes, excited by orbital resonances, shattering the stellar crust of one of the inspiralling stars up to ≳10 s before coalescence. In the rare case when a system displays two precursors, successive overtones of either interface modes or g modes can be responsible for the overstrainings. Since the free-mode frequencies of these overtones have an almost constant ratio, and the inertial-frame frequencies for rotating stars are shifted relative to static ones, the spin frequency of the flaring component can be constrained as a function of the equation of state, the binary mass ratio, the mode quantum numbers, and the spin-orbit misalignment angle. As a demonstration of the method, we find that the precursors of GRB090510 hint at a spin frequency range of 2 ≲ ν ⋆ /Hz ≲ 20 for the shattering star if we allow for an arbitrary misalignment angle, assuming l = 2 g modes account for the events.
Association of the CHEK2 c.1100delC variant, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment with contralateral breast cancer risk and breast cancer‐specific survival
2023-07-03

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) patients with a germline CHEK2 c.1100delC variant have an increased risk of contralateral BC (CBC) and worse BC‐specific survival (BCSS) compared to non‐carriers. Aim To assessed the associations of CHEK2 c.1100delC, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment with CBC risk and BCSS. Methods Analyses were based on 82,701 women diagnosed with a first primary invasive BC including 963 CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers; median follow‐up was 9.1 years. Differential associations with treatment by CHEK2 c.1100delC status were tested by including interaction terms in a multivariable Cox regression model. A multi‐state model was used for further insight into the relation between CHEK2 c.1100delC status, treatment, CBC risk and death. Results There was no evidence for differential associations of therapy with CBC risk by CHEK2 c.1100delC status. The strongest association with reduced CBC risk was observed for the combination of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy [HR (95% CI): 0.66 (0.55–0.78)]. No association was observed with radiotherapy. Results from the multi‐state model showed shorter BCSS for CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers versus non‐carriers also after accounting for CBC occurrence [HR (95% CI): 1.30 (1.09–1.56)]. Conclusion Systemic therapy was associated with reduced CBC risk irrespective of CHEK2 c.1100delC status. Moreover, CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers had shorter BCSS, which appears not to be fully explained by their CBC risk.
Learning from positive and negative examples: New proof for binary alphabets
2023-07-03

One of the most fundamental problems in computational learning theory is the problem of learning a finite automaton A consistent with a finite set P of positive examples and with a finite set N of negative examples. By consistency, we mean that A accepts all strings in P and rejects all strings in N. It is well known that this problem is NP-complete. In the literature, it is stated that NP-hardness holds even in the case of a binary alphabet. As a standard reference for this theorem, the work of Gold from 1978 is either cited or adapted. Nevertheless, the results in Gold's work are stated in terms of Mealy machines, and not in terms of deterministic finite automata (DFAs) as most commonly defined. As Mealy machines are equipped with an output function, they can be more compact than DFAs which accept the same language. We show that the adaptations of Gold's construction for Mealy machines stated in the literature have some issues, and provide a correct proof for the fact that the DFA-consistency problem for binary alphabets is NP-complete.
Population Frequency of Repeat Expansions Indicates Increased Disease Prevalence Estimates Across Different Populations
2023-07-03

Abstract Repeat expansion disorders (REDs) are a devastating group of predominantly neurological diseases. Together they are common, affecting 1 in 3,000 people worldwide with population-specific differences. However, prevalence estimates of REDs are hampered by heterogeneous clinical presentation, variable geographic distributions, and technological limitations leading to under-ascertainment. Here, leveraging whole genome sequencing data from 82,176 individuals from different populations we found an overall carrier frequency of REDs of 1 in 340 individuals. Modelling disease prevalence using genetic data, age at onset and survival, we show that REDs are up to 3-fold more prevalent than currently reported figures. While some REDs are population-specific, e.g. Huntington’s disease type 2, most REDs are represented in all broad genetic ancestries, including Africans and Asians, challenging the notion that some REDs are found only in European populations. These results have worldwide implications for local and global health communities in the diagnosis and management of REDs both at local and global levels.
Reflexive or Not? Choosing a Possessive in Bulgarian, Czech, and Russian
2023-07-03

This article investigates the competition between reflexive and non-reflexive possessive pronouns in 1PSG contexts in Bulgarian, Czech, and Russian. Using comparable web corpora, I assessed the distributional frequencies of both possessives and, drawing on the theoretical framework of corpus-based variationist linguistics, modeled linguistic factors favoring one variant. The results show that in Czech and Russian, as well as in Bulgarian short possessives, the reflexive pronoun is the default option to indicate the possessive relation with the subject. The non-reflexive is used when other possible antecedents are present in the sentence, when the possessum is animate, and when the possessive phrase is embedded and precedes the finite verb. It is argued that speakers of these Slavic languages obey the economy principle by preferring the dedicated reflexive form for expressing the reflexive meaning and resort to the non-reflexive form only when they need to avoid ambiguity, minimize processing costs, or signal additional pragmatic meanings.
The Socio-political Perspective in Neuroethics: Applications, Clarifications & Extensions
2023-07-03

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:Porous or Contextualized Autonomy? Knowledge Can Empower Autonomous Moral AgentsThe Socio-Political Roles of Neuroethics and the Case of KlothoHas the Socio-Political Role of Neuroethics Been Neglected?Continuums of Capacity, Binaries of Guilt: The Sociopolitical Role of Neuroethics in Criminal JusticeWhat Exactly “History Has Taught us”? Enhancing the Socio-Political Perspective in NeuroethicsTrust in NeuroethicsEugenic Technologies Are Developed in Eugenic Eras: Why We Must Include Historical Circumstances in Socio-Political Perspectives for NeuroethicsThe Socio-Political Perspectives of Neuroethics: An Approach to Combat the Reproducibility Crisis in Science?Between Neurodiscourse and Ideology: Expanding on the Socio-Political Dimension in NeuroethicsPublic Engagement With Brain Organoid Research and Application: Lessons From Genome Editing DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
A Brain-Wide Map of Neural Activity during Complex Behaviour
2023-07-04

A key challenge in neuroscience is understanding how neurons in hundreds of interconnected brain regions integrate sensory inputs with prior expectations to initiate movements and thereby make decisions. It is difficult to meet this challenge if different laboratories apply different analyses to different recordings in different regions during different behaviours. Here, we report a comprehensive set of recordings from 621733 neurons across 139 mice in 12 labs performing a decision making task with sensory, motor, and cognitive components, obtained with 699 Neuropixels probe insertions covering 279 brain areas in the left forebrain and midbrain and the right hindbrain and cerebellum. We provide an initial appraisal of this brain-wide map, assessing how neural activity encoded key task variables. Representations of visual stimuli appeared transiently in classical visual areas after stimulus onset and then spread to ramp-like activity in a collection of mid- and hindbrain regions that also encoded choices. Neural responses correlated with motor action almost everywhere in the brain. Responses to reward delivery and consumption versus negative feedback were also widespread. This publicly available dataset represents an unprecedented resource for understanding how computations distributed across and within brain areas drive behaviour.
Brain-wide representations of prior information in mouse decision-making
2023-07-04

The neural representations of prior information about the state of the world are poorly understood. To investigate them, we examined brain-wide Neuropixels recordings and widefield calcium imaging collected by the International Brain Laboratory. Mice were trained to indicate the location of a visual grating stimulus, which appeared on the left or right with prior probability alternating between 0.2 and 0.8 in blocks of variable length. We found that mice estimate this prior probability and thereby improve their decision accuracy. Furthermore, we report that this subjective prior is encoded in at least 20% to 30% of brain regions which, remarkably, span all levels of processing, from early sensory areas (LGd, VISp) to motor regions (MOs, MOp, GRN) and high level cortical regions (ACAd, ORBvl). This widespread representation of the prior is consistent with a neural model of Bayesian inference involving loops between areas, as opposed to a model in which the prior is incorporated only in decision-making areas. This study offers the first brain-wide perspective on prior encoding at cellular resolution, underscoring the importance of using large scale recordings on a single standardized task.
Overexpression of human alpha-Synuclein leads to dysregulated microbiome/metabolites with ageing in a rat model of Parkinson disease
2023-07-04

Abstract Background Braak’s hypothesis states that sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD) follows a specific progression of pathology from the peripheral to the central nervous system, and this progression can be monitored by detecting the accumulation of alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) protein. Consequently, there is growing interest in understanding how the gut (commensal) microbiome can regulate α-Syn accumulation, as this could potentially lead to PD. Methods We used 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing to characterise microbial diversity. 1 H-NMR was employed to understand the metabolite production and intestinal inflammation estimated using ELISA and RNA-sequencing from feces and the intestinal epithelial layer respectively. The Na + channel current and gut permeability were measured using an Ussing chamber. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence imaging were applied to detect the α-Syn protein. LC-MS/MS was used for characterization of proteins from metabolite treated neuronal cells. Finally, Metascape and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) bioinformatics tools were used for identification of dysregulated pathways. Results We studied a transgenic (TG) rat model overexpressing the human SNCA gene and found that a progressive gut microbial composition alteration characterized by the reduction of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio could be detected in the young TG rats. Interestingly, this ratio then increased with ageing. The dynamics of Lactobacillus and Alistipes were monitored and reduced Lactobacillus and increased Alistipes abundance was discerned in ageing TG rats. Additionally, the SNCA gene overexpression resulted in gut α-Syn protein expression and increased with advanced age. Further, older TG animals had increased intestinal inflammation, decreased Na + current and a robust alteration in metabolite production characterized by the increase of succinate levels in feces and serum. Manipulation of the gut bacteria by short-term antibiotic cocktail treatment revealed a complete loss of short-chain fatty acids and a reduction in succinate levels. Although antibiotic cocktail treatment did not change α-Syn expression in the enteric nervous system of the colon, however, reduced α-Syn expression was detected in the olfactory bulbs (forebrain) of the TG rats. Conclusion Our data emphasize that the gut microbiome dysbiosis synchronous with ageing leads to a specific alteration of gut metabolites and can be modulated by antibiotics which may affect PD pathology.
Latent neural dynamics encode temporal context in speech
2023-07-04

Direct neural recordings from human auditory cortex have demonstrated encoding for acoustic-phonetic features of consonants and vowels. Neural responses also encode distinct acoustic amplitude cues related to timing, such as those that occur at the onset of a sentence after a silent period or the onset of the vowel in each syllable. Here, we used a group reduced rank regression model to show that distributed cortical responses support a low-dimensional latent state representation of temporal context in speech. The timing cues each capture more unique variance than all other phonetic features and exhibit rotational or cyclical dynamics in latent space from activity that is widespread over the superior temporal gyrus. We propose that these spatially distributed timing signals could serve to provide temporal context for, and possibly bind across time, the concurrent processing of individual phonetic features, to compose higher-order phonological (e.g. word-level) representations.
Mechanosensing and Sphingolipid-Docking Mediate Lipopeptide-Induced Immunity inArabidopsis
2023-07-04

Abstract Bacteria-derived lipopeptides are immunogenic triggers of host defenses in metazoans and plants. Root-associated rhizobacteria produce cyclic lipopeptides that activate systemically induced resistance (IR) against microbial infection in various plants. How these molecules are perceived by plant cells remains elusive. Here, we reveal that immunity activation in Arabidopsis thaliana by the lipopeptide elicitor surfactin is mediated by docking into specific sphingolipid-enriched domains and relies on host membrane deformation and subsequent activation of mechanosensitive ion channels. This mechanism leads to host defense potentiation and resistance to the necrotroph B. cinerea but is distinct from host pattern recognition receptor-mediated immune activation and reminiscent of damage-induced plant immunity.
Applying UV Hyperspectral Imaging for the Quantification of Honeydew Content on Raw Cotton via PCA and PLS-R Models
2023-07-04

Cotton contamination by honeydew is considered one of the significant problems for quality in textiles as it causes stickiness during manufacturing. Therefore, millions of dollars in losses are attributed to honeydew contamination each year. This work presents the use of UV hyperspectral imaging (225–300 nm) to characterize honeydew contamination on raw cotton samples. As reference samples, cotton samples were soaked in solutions containing sugar and proteins at different concentrations to mimic honeydew. Multivariate techniques such as a principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLS-R) were used to predict and classify the amount of honeydew at each pixel of a hyperspectral image of raw cotton samples. The results show that the PCA model was able to differentiate cotton samples based on their sugar concentrations. The first two principal components (PCs) explain nearly 91.0% of the total variance. A PLS-R model was built, showing a performance with a coefficient of determination for the validation (R2cv) = 0.91 and root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) = 0.036 g. This PLS-R model was able to predict the honeydew content in grams on raw cotton samples for each pixel. In conclusion, UV hyperspectral imaging, in combination with multivariate data analysis, shows high potential for quality control in textiles.
Long-term outcomes of autologous platelet treatment for optic disc pit maculopathy
2023-07-04

Abstract Purpose Optic disc pits (ODPs) are rare congenital cavitary abnormalities of the optic nerve head, which can lead to serous macular detachments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with autologous platelet concentrate (APC) for the treatment of optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on eleven eyes of ten patients with ODP-M, who received PPV combined with APC. Nine eyes operated primary, four of which had a repeat surgery also with injection of APC and two eyes underwent a rescue surgery, after they have been operated in another eye center without APC. Morphological and functional results were the main outcome parameters, determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), respectively. Results The mean duration of visual loss before surgery was 4.7 ± 3.89 months (range 0–12 months). The mean BCVA increased significantly from 0.82 ± 0.33 logMAR (range 0.4–1.3) preoperatively to 0.51 ± 0.36 logMAR (range 0–1.2) at the last examination ( p = 0.0022). A significant morphological improvement was also noticed with decrease of the mean foveal thickness from 935.82 ± 248.48 μm (range 559–1400 μm) preoperatively to 226.45 ± 76.09 μm (range 110–344 μm) at the final examination ( p &lt; 0.0001). The patients were followed-up for a mean 65.36 ± 48.81 months (range 1–144 months). Two eyes developed postoperatively a retinal detachment. Cataract surgery was performed in 5 eyes during the follow-up period. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that PPV with APC can improve functional and morphological outcomes, both as a primary and a rescue therapy, without any recurrence over a long follow-up period. To the best of our knowledge, this was the longest observation period regarding the use of APC in treatment of ODP-M.