julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma With Progression to a Clonally Related, Epstein Barr Virus+, Cytotoxic Aggressive T-cell Lymphoma: Evidence for Secondary EBV Infection of an Established Malignant T-cell Clone
2010-08-27

We report a case of primary Epstein Barr virus (EBV) negative peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) NOS in a 56-year-old female who-after an initially indolent course - simultaneously developed an aggressive, EBV+ cytotoxic large T-cell lymphoma, clonally related to the primary PTCL, and an EBV+, clonal large B-cell lymphoproliferation. The initial, EBV-negative PTCL had shown some features of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and had responded well to steroid therapy. Two years later, rapidly fatal, progressive disease with multivisceral involvement developed. Histologically, extensive infiltrates of EBV+, CD8+ large cells were present, in addition to areas of the initial PTCL. Extensive comparative phenotypic and molecular analyses confirmed the presence of an identical CD8+ T-cell clone in the initial EBV-negative PTCL and the EBV+, CD8+ large cell lymphoma at the time of aggressive transformation. These results also justified the retrospective classification of PTCL, NOS for the initial lymphoma. This case shows that secondary EBV infection of an established malignant T-cell clone can occur and may contribute to aggressive transformation of PTCL.
Fractional Anisotropy Levels Derived From Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Cervical Syringomyelia
2010-08-27

DTI of syringomyelia can demonstrate white matter fiber tracts around and beyond the syrinx consistent with electrophysiological values. DTI of the cervical spine can provide quantitative information about the pathological characteristics beyond the abnormalities visible on magnetic resonance imaging.
Glycemia Determines the Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Risk Genes on Insulin Secretion
2010-08-29

OBJECTIVE Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in diabetes risk genes reduce glucose- and/or incretin-induced insulin secretion. Here, we investigated interactions between glycemia and such diabetes risk polymorphisms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin secretion was assessed by insulinogenic index and areas under the curve of C-peptide/glucose in 1,576 subjects using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Participants were genotyped for 10 diabetes risk SNPs associated with β-cell dysfunction: rs5215 (KCNJ11), rs13266634 (SLC30A8), rs7754840 (CDKAL1), rs10811661 (CDKN2A/2B), rs10830963 (MTNR1B), rs7903146 (TCF7L2), rs10010131 (WFS1), rs7923837 (HHEX), rs151290 (KCNQ1), and rs4402960 (IGF2BP2). Furthermore, the impact of the interaction between genetic variation in TCF7L2 and glycemia on changes in insulin secretion was tested in 315 individuals taking part in a lifestyle intervention study. RESULTS For the SNPs in TCF7L2 and WFS1, we found a significant interaction between glucose control and insulin secretion (all P ≤ 0.0018 for glucose × genotype). When plotting insulin secretion against glucose at 120 min OGTT, the compromising SNP effects on insulin secretion are most apparent under high glucose. In the longitudinal study, rs7903146 in TCF7L2 showed a significant interaction with baseline glucose tolerance upon change in insulin secretion (P = 0.0027). Increased glucose levels at baseline predicted an increase in insulin secretion upon improvement of glycemia by lifestyle intervention only in carriers of the risk alleles. CONCLUSIONS For the diabetes risk genes TCF7L2 and WFS1, which are associated with impaired incretin signaling, the level of glycemia determines SNP effects on insulin secretion. This indicates the increasing relevance of these SNPs during the progression of prediabetes stages toward clinically overt type 2 diabetes.
Astroglial structures in the zebrafish brain
2010-08-30

Abstract To understand components shaping the neuronal environment we studied the astroglial cells in the zebrafish brain using immunocytochemistry for structural and junctional markers, electron microscopy including freeze fracturing, and probed for the water channel protein aquaporin‐4. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS) showed largely overlapping immunoreactivity: GFAP in the main glial processes and GS in main processes and smaller branches. Claudin‐3 immunoreactivity was spread in astroglial cells along their major processes. The ventricular lining was immunoreactive for the tight‐junction associated protein ZO‐1, in the telencephalon located on the dorsal, lateral, and medial surface due to the everting morphogenesis. In the tectum, subpial glial endfeet were also positive for ZO‐1. Correspondingly, electron microscopy revealed junctional complexes between subpial glial endfeet. However, in freeze‐fracture analysis tight junctional strands were not found between astroglial membranes, either in the optic tectum or in the telencephalon. Occurrence of aquaporin‐4, the major astrocytic water channel in mammals, was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and immunocytochemistry in tectum and telencephalon. Localization of aquaporin‐4 was not polarized but distributed along the entire radial extent of the cell. Interestingly, their membranes were devoid of the orthogonal arrays of particles formed by aquaporin‐4 in mammals. Finally, we investigated astroglial cells in proliferative areas. Brain lipid basic protein, a marker of early glial differentiation but not GS, were present in some proliferation zones, whereas cells lining the ventricle were positive for both markers. Thus, astroglial cells in the zebrafish differ in many aspects from mammalian astrocytes. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4277–4287, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of MR compatibility of a PET insert developed for simultaneous multiparametric PET/MR imaging on an animal system operating at 7 T
2010-08-30

Abstract The combination of positron emission tomography and MR in one system is currently emerging and opens up new domains in the functional examinations of living systems. This article reports on relevant influences of a positron emission tomography insert on MR imaging. The basic conditions of main magnetic field and RF field homogeneity were measured as well as image quality and signal‐to‐noise ratio when applying the usual MR sequence types including echo‐planar techniques. Moreover, the influence of the positron emission tomography insert on the RF noise level and on RF interferences was measured by comparing results achieved with and without the positron emission tomography insert. The temporal stability of EPI imaging with and without the positron emission tomography insert was assessed. Small but significant decreases in the signal‐to‐noise ratio were revealed when the positron emission tomography insert was present, whereas B 0 and B 1 homogeneity as well as RF noise level were not adversely affected. A higher signal intensity drift was found for EPI imaging studies; however, this can be compensated by post processing. In summary, this study shows that positron emission tomography inserts can be designed for and used within an MR system practically, without substantially affecting the MR image quality. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Healthcare Workers' Perceptions of Mandatory Vaccination: Results of an Anonymous Survey in a German University Hospital
2010-08-30

Despite decades of effort to encourage healthcare workers (HCWs) to be immunized, vaccination rates remain insufficient. Among German HCWs, 831 (68.4%) of 1,215 respondents supported mandatory vaccinations for HCWs in general. However, acceptance of mandatory vaccination varied significantly between physicians and nurses and also depended on the targeted disease.
Expression of MCSP and PRAME in conjunctival melanoma
2010-08-30

MCSP and PRAME are differentially expressed in conjunctival melanomas and nevi. MCSP might have an impact on the risk for recurrence in being inversely correlated to the event. Both markers have high potential to discriminate CoM from CoN. The results indicate that immunohistological characteristics gain relevance in the assessment of CoM.
ExbB Protein in the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Escherichia coli Forms a Stable Oligomer
2010-08-30

In Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli the ExbB-ExbD-TonB protein complex is anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane and is involved in energization of outer membrane transport. Outer membrane proteins catalyze energy-coupled transport of scarce nutrients. Energy is derived from the protonmotive force of the cytoplasmic membrane which is transferred through ExbB-ExbD-TonB to the outer membrane transporters. Earlier studies showed that ExbB is the most abundant protein of the ExbB-ExbD-TonB complex and stabilizes TonB and ExbD. To advance understanding of the role of ExbB in the membrane organization of the ExbB-ExbD-TonB complex, His-tagged ExbB was solubilized with decyl maltoside and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. Its size and shape were determined by blue native gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. Decyl maltoside bound to ExbB was quantified by the anthrone method that determines the sugar moiety of decyl maltoside. The results obtained with the four methods consistently indicated that isolated ExbB adopts a stable homooligomer with four to six monomers. We propose that the ExbB homooligomer forms a platform on which ExbD and TonB are assembled to form the energy-transducing complex in the cytoplasmic membrane.
History and Developments in Chromatographic Column Technology and Validation to 2001
2010-08-30

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction (Ernst Bayer) Supports, Stationary and Bonded Phases Contributions by Other Chromatographers Special Topics Chromatography Column Validation Developments in LC Column Technology During 2006-2008 (Ronald E. Majors)
Azacytidine impairs NK cell reactivity while decitabine augments NK cell responsiveness toward stimulation
2010-08-31

Abstract Azacytidine and decitabine are approved for treatment of acute myeloid leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes. While clinical responses are attributed to epigenetic effects and induction of apoptosis in malignant cells, these azanucleosides also affect antitumor immune responses. NK cells as components of innate immunity may confine development and progression of cancer. Numerous therapeutic strategies presently aim to reinforce NK reactivity against hematopoietic malignancies. We here comparatively analyzed the effect of the two clinically available azanucleosides and report that NK cytotoxicity and IFN‐γ production are significantly impaired by pharmacological concentrations of azacytidine but enhanced by decitabine. This was not due to alterations in the target cells but caused by direct effects on NK cells depending on the chemical modifications by which azanucleosides differ from their physiological analogues. Although azacytidine impaired mRNA synthesis and induced apoptosis in NK cells, decitabine did not per se alter NK cell viability or reactivity but enhanced responsiveness to activating stimuli by inducing transcription of genes involved in NK reactivity. Tantalizingly, these effects were independent of incorporation of the azanucleosides into DNA during cell division. While azacytidine impairs NK antitumor immunity, decitabine augments NK reactivity by yet unidentified mechanisms and may thus serve well in therapeutic strategies combining its effects on malignant cells with its ability to enhance NK functions.
Photoreceptor rescue and toxicity induced by different calpain inhibitors
2010-08-31

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115 , 930–940. Abstract Photoreceptor degeneration is the hallmark of a group of inherited blinding diseases collectively termed retinitis pigmentosa (RP); a major cause of blindness in humans. RP is at present untreatable and the underlying neurodegenerative mechanisms are largely unknown, even though the genetic causes are often established. The activation of calpain‐type proteases may play an important role in cell death in various neuronal tissues, including the retina. We therefore tested the efficacy of two different calpain inhibitors in preventing cell death in the retinal degeneration ( rd1 ) human homologous mouse model for RP. Pharmacological inhibition of calpain activity in rd1 organotypic retinal explants had ambiguous effects on photoreceptor viability. Calpain inhibitor XI had protective effects when applied for short periods of time (16 h) but demonstrated substantial levels of toxicity in both wild‐type and rd1 retina when used over several days. In contrast, the highly specific calpain inhibitor calpastatin peptide reduced photoreceptor cell death in vitro after both short and prolonged exposure, an effect that was also evident after in vivo application via intravitreal injection. These findings highlight the importance of calpain activation for photoreceptor cell death but also for photoreceptor survival and propose the use of highly specific calpain inhibitors to prevent or delay RP.
A point mutation in the dynein heavy chain gene leads to striatal atrophy and compromises neurite outgrowth of striatal neurons
2010-08-31

The molecular motor dynein and its associated regulatory subunit dynactin have been implicated in several neurodegenerative conditions of the basal ganglia, such as Huntington's disease (HD) and Perry syndrome, an atypical Parkinson-like disease. This pathogenic role has been largely postulated from the existence of mutations in the dynactin subunit p150(Glued). However, dynactin is also able to act independently of dynein, and there is currently no direct evidence linking dynein to basal ganglia degeneration. To provide such evidence, we used here a mouse strain carrying a point mutation in the dynein heavy chain gene that impairs retrograde axonal transport. These mice exhibited motor and behavioural abnormalities including hindlimb clasping, early muscle weakness, incoordination and hyperactivity. In vivo brain imaging using magnetic resonance imaging showed striatal atrophy and lateral ventricle enlargement. In the striatum, altered dopamine signalling, decreased dopamine D1 and D2 receptor binding in positron emission tomography SCAN and prominent astrocytosis were observed, although there was no neuronal loss either in the striatum or substantia nigra. In vitro, dynein mutant striatal neurons displayed strongly impaired neuritic morphology. Altogether, these findings provide a direct genetic evidence for the requirement of dynein for the morphology and function of striatal neurons. Our study supports a role for dynein dysfunction in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders of the basal ganglia, such as Perry syndrome and HD.
Diagnosis of Bilateral Giant Adrenal Myelolipoma
2010-08-31

A 33-year-old obese woman presented with a retroperitonealmassasanincidentalfindingduringherniasurgery.Aphysicalexam-inationrevealednopathologicfinding.Obesitypreventedpalpationofany abdominal mass. At the time of presentation to our hospital atEberhard-Karls-University(Tu ̈bingen,Germany),laboratoryparam-eters were at normal levels. A computed tomography scan showedbilateral giant adrenal tumors with predominantly fatty regions (Fig1A;straightwhitearrows)interspersedwithsolid,septa-liketissue(Fig1A; curved white arrow) demonstrating mild enhancement after in-travenouscontrastadministration.Themasseswereencapsulatedandmeasured19.1 10.5 22.6cmattheleftand12.3 8.7 19.3cmat the right side, compressing retroperitoneal vessels. The tumor waswell circumscribed and extended to the surrounding tissue withoutinvasion. The suspected diagnosis of bilateral adrenal myelolipomaswas histologically confirmed after a computed tomography–guidedbiopsy. The microscopic analysis of biopsy samples revealed adipo-cytes with clear cytoplasm, interspersed with cells of hematopoiesis.One half of the cells were erythroid nests with dense blue nuclei (Fig1B,whitestar).Theothercellswereprimarilyofmyeloidlineagewithmaturation to segmented granulocytes (Fig 1B; white arrow). Onemultilobulatedmegakaryocytewasalsopresentinthebonemarrow–likespecimen.Giventheabsenceofclinicalsymptoms,thetreatmentstrategychosenwasawatchandwaitregimen.First described in 1905, adrenal myelolipomas are rare, hor-monally inactive, benign tumors that are composed of mature fattissue and hematopoietic elements.
Towards secure and privacy sensitive surveillance
2010-08-31

This paper analyzes the requirements of an ideal vision system. Two major challenges are identified -- security and privacy. Security ensures a reliable and dependable operation where the whole chain is robust against modifications and erasures. This comprises the aspect of authenticity to qualify for legal actions on one hand and to prevent (e.g., man in the middle) attacks from modifying content to burden innocent persons. Privacy is strongly penetrated by today's surveillance systems. It has to be ensured that both the derived video analysis results and the adequately filtered imaging stream (if still required) are only accessible to adequate user groups to address the privacy dilemma. A vision based sensor should be applicable in the same application fields as other non-camera based application specific sensors, e.g., photoelectric sensors used in mens' restroom facilities (urinals/pissoirs) -- with the same confidence and trust. Related work is surveyed and a first concept is introduced to address these demands. It is based on a smart camera approach and various certification and authentification mechanisms to allow application specific sensors to use the power of the visual modality without the traditional drawbacks. Different use cases are discussed from the point of view of the persons surveilled, persons intending to modify and persons utilizing the results. Finally, the "survmotion" system is presented where some aspects of the concept are implemented to illustrate the potential applicability in various fields.
A Molecular Quantized Charge Pump
2010-08-31

A novel single electron pump based on individual molecules (a single wall carbon nanotube) is discussed in terms of the hybrid superconducting-normal conducting pumping principle. A concept demonstration device has been built based on a carbon nanotube contacted by Nb-Ti leads. Charge current quantization is achieved through rf modulation of the back gate voltage. The device is able to transfer a given number of electrons per pumping cycle. Single electron pumping is achieved for pumping frequencies up to 80 MHz.
Ad- and desorption of Rb atoms on a gold nanofilm measured by surface plasmon polaritons
2010-08-31

Hybrid quantum systems made of cold atoms near nanostructured surfaces are expected to open up new opportunities for the construction of quantum sensors and for quantum information. For the design of such tailored quantum systems the interaction of alkali atoms with dielectric and metallic surfaces is crucial and required to be understood in detail. Here, we present real-time measurements of the adsorption and desorption of Rubidium atoms on gold nanofilms. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) are excited at the gold surface and detected in a phase sensitive way. From the temporal change of the SPP phase the Rubidium coverage of the gold film is deduced with a sensitivity of better than 0.3 % of a monolayer. By comparing the experimental data with a Langmuir type adsorption model we obtain the thermal desorption rate and the sticking probability. In addition, also laser-induced desorption is observed and quantified.
Volume‐perfusion CT as an adjunct to whole‐body contrast‐enhanced CT for monitoring response to therapy in lymphoma
2010-08-31

A 52-year-old man, referred with facial paresis, low-grade fever, night sweats and weight loss, underwent whole-body contrast-enhanced computed tomography scanning (CECT) for diagnosis. Generalized lymph node enlargement on both sides of the diaphragm was found as well as abnormality of the liver and kidneys and node biopsy disclosed highly proliferative T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. After initial treatment with vincristine, cortisone and an initial cycle of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CHOP), volume-perfusion CT (4D-CT) performed in the mediastinal lymphomatous mass showed persistent rim perfusion, which was not readily detected on standard CECT (blood flow [BF] 12/100 ml, blood volume [BV] 32/100 ml/min, vessel wall permeability [PMB] 8/100 ml/min) (upper left and middle, arrows) whereas the tumour core was already necrotic. Ten weeks later, following PEG-asparaginase and mediastinal irradiation, follow-up 4D-CT demonstrated lack of measurable perfusion (BF <2/100 ml, BV <2/100 ml/min, PMB non-measurable) (lower left and middle, arrows) consistent with complete necrosis. Six weeks later, after further chemotherapy, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET)/CT confirmed the absence of viable lymphoma in the residual mass, which had remained of constant size throughout the entire disease course (right, fused PET/CT image). Accordingly, continuance of chemotherapy without transplantation was decided on. The hypermetabolic area in the right lower pulmonary lobe (PET/CT image) corresponded to a bacterial pneumonia. Residual masses in treated lymphoma patients are frequent. Morphological changes assessed by standard CT are often difficult to interpret, particularly if they remain unchanged over time. Therefore, acquisition of additional functional data to demonstrate residual lymphoma viability (e.g. glucose metabolism assessed by FDG-PET) is becoming imperative as part of the interim and/or end-of-therapy evaluation. Here, we present a new imaging technique (4D-CT), which can be used in any staging/monitoring CT protocol, accurately documenting response to treatment by tumour perfusion analysis. As illustrated in this case, lymphoma perfusion generally declines early after initiation of treatment. Therefore, the use of perfusion as a marker of tumour viability should be further evaluated, as an alternative to FDG-PET, for monitoring lymphoma patients.
Individual Differences, Auditory Imagery, and the Coordination of Body Movements and Sounds in Musical Ensembles
2010-09-01

The Role of Anticipatory Auditory Imagery in musical ensemble performance was investigated by examining the relationship between individual differences in auditory imagery and temporal coordination in piano duos. Vividness of imagery for upcoming sounds was assessed in 14 pianists using a task that required the production of rhythmic sequences with or without auditory feedback. Ensemble coordination was assessed by examining temporal relations between body movements (recorded by a motion capture system) and sound onsets (triggered by key strokes on two MIDI pianos) in seven duos playing two contrasting pieces with or without visual contact. Sound synchrony was found to be related to anterior-posterior body sway coordination in a manner that depended upon leader/follower relations between pianists assigned to 'primo' and 'secondo' parts. Furthermore, the quality of coordination, which was not affected markedly by whether pianists were in visual contact, was correlated with individual differences in anticipatory auditory imagery. These findings suggest that auditory imagery facilitates interpersonal coordination by enhancing the operation of internal models that simulate one's own and others' actions during ensemble performance.