julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Borylnitrenes: electrophilic reactive intermediates with high reactivity towards C–H bonds
2010-01-01

Borylnitrenes (catBN 3a and pinBN 3b; cat = catecholato, pin = pinacolato) are reactive intermediates that show high tendency towards insertion into the C-H bonds of unactivated hydrocarbons. The present article summarizes the matrix isolation investigations that were aimed at identifying, characterizing and investigating the chemical behaviour of 3a by spectroscopic means, and of the experiments in solution and in the gas phase that were performed with 3b. Comparison with the reactivity reported for difluorovinylidene 1a in solid argon indicates that 3a shows by and large similar reactivity, but only after photochemical excitation. The derivative 3b inserts into the C-H bonds of hydrocarbon solvents in high yields and thus allows the formation of primary amines, secondary amines, or amides from "unreactive" hydrocarbons. It can also be used for generation of methylamine or methylamide from methane in the gas phase at room temperature. Remaining challenges in the chemistry of borylnitrenes are briefly summarized.
Vulnerability Factors for Bipolar Disorders as Predictors of Attributions in Ability-Based and Chance-Based Tests
2010-01-01

The role of attributional style in bipolar disorder has received empirical support. Research suggests that a pattern of global, stable, and possibly internal attributions for positive events might even trigger mania. We tested whether hypothesized risk factors for bipolar disorder are associated with such attributions after feedback of success in an ability- and chance-based test. University students (n = 115) completed the Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Scales (BIS/BAS) and the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) to assess risk for bipolar disorder. In addition, participants were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview. All participants performed an ability-based (intelligence) test and a chance-based (dice-throwing) test, and success was induced by providing positive feedback regardless of their actual test performance. Attributions of perceived success were assessed after each test. Results showed that high scores on the BAS scale were generally predictive of self-serving attributions in the ability-based test, while scores on the HPS predicted a more global and self-serving attributional style in the chance-based test. Current depression, lifetime affective disorder, BIS, or the dysregulation of the BAS did not consistently predict attributions on either test. Despite some methodological limitations, results suggest that anticipated or experienced success in skill-related contexts triggers self-serving attributions in individuals scoring high on the BAS scale, while perceived positive outcome in chance-related, more unrealistic contexts triggers similar attributions in individuals scoring high on the HPS. Future research has to examine whether these overly positive attributions after positive, chance-related situations are a stable characteristic with respect to vulnerability to mania.
Surface- and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of DNA
2010-01-01

Calf thymus DNA adsorbed on a rough gold substrate or on an atomically smooth gold (111) surface has been investigated by collecting its unique Raman fingerprints using either surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) or tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS). A monolayer coverage of DNA strands adsorbed at both the irregular rough edges of evaporated gold grids and at gold nanoparticles is detected by SERS. Highly improved sensitivity down to single DNA strand spectroscopic determination is accomplished by TERS providing an enhancement factor of at least 1400. Based on our experimental results, we propose that TERS is a promising technique to study the DNA–drug molecule interaction on the level of a single DNA strand.
Standardizing wordnets in the ISO standard LMF: Wordnet-LMF for GermaNet
2010-01-01

Henrich, V. &amp;amp; E. Hinrichs (2010). Standardizing wordnets in the ISO standard LMF: Wordnet-LMF for GermaNet. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2010), 456 – 464, Beijing: Coling 2010 Organizing Committee.
Grafting of peralkylated LnIIAlIII heterobimetallic complexes onto periodic mesoporous silica KIT-6
2010-01-01

Tetraethylaluminates of the divalent lanthanides ytterbium and samarium were grafted onto large-pore cubic periodic mesoporous silica (PMS) KIT-6, which had been dehydroxylated at 500 degrees C (specific surface area a(s): 500 m(2)g(-1); mesopore volume V(p): 1.06 cm(3)g(-1); main pore diameter: 85 A). The bimetallic materials [Ln(AlEt(4))(2)]@KIT-6(-500) were analysed by DRIFT spectroscopy, elemental analysis, nitrogen physisorption and solid-state NMR. Upon heterogenization the surface area and pore volume of the KIT-6 materials dropped by 30-35% and 25%, respectively. The hybrid materials were compared to AlEt(3)@KIT-6(-500) since reaction of AlEt(3) with surface silanol groups is also a prominent reaction pathway when complexes [Ln(AlEt(4))(2)](n) are immobilized. Reaction of the Ln(II) tetraalkylaluminates with tris(tert-butoxy)silanol HOSi(OtBu)(3) gave complexes Ln[(mu-OSi(OtBu)(3))(mu-R)AlR(2)](2) (Ln = Yb, Sm; R = Et; Ln = Yb; R = Me) which can be seen as molecular model complexes, evidencing alkane elimination, trialkylaluminium adduct formation, and Ln(II)-O(siloxane) bonding.
Reciprocal principle of molecular recognition in supramolecular chromatography—highly selective analytical separation of cyclodextrin congeners on a silica-bonded [60]fullerene stationary phase
2010-01-01

The supramolecular pair fullerene/cyclodextrin represents a new example for the concept of reciprocal molecular recognition in liquid chromatography. Through inverting their roles as selectand and selector, small-to-large-ring cyclodextrins were chromatographed on silica-bonded [60]fullerene, whereas [60]- and [70]fullerenes were previously separated on a silica-bonded β-cyclodextrin. The recognition of cyclodextrins of intermediate ring size on silica-bonded [60]fullerene is highly selective. Thus, CD8, CD9 and CD10 are separated both from lower (CD6 and CD7) and higher (CD11–CD25) congeners with a remarkable and unprecedented retention window. By using the retention-increment method, employing a reactor column (with selector) and a reference column (without selector), apparent relative complexation constants Krel of CD6–CD12 and [60]fullerene were determined by supramolecular liquid chromatography. The historical development of the reciprocal principle of molecular recognition in chromatography is reported in the introduction.
Topographical Sensitivity and Specificity of Endorectal Coil Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prostate Cancer Detection
2010-01-01

&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt; Endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging (EC-MRI) is useful to evaluate prostate cancer localization. Herein, we evaluate sensitivity and specificity of EC-MRI in different regions of the prostate by comparing the acquired images to whole-mount sections of the prostate after radical prostatectomy. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; 69 patients with localized prostate cancer were included. After virtually dividing the prostate into 12 sectors, results of EC-MRI were compared to corresponding whole-mount sections by contingency analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each of the 12 areas as well as for the dorsal and ventral region. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Sensitivity right/left was dorsal apex/mid/base 41/41, 60/67 and 73/79%; ventral 33/52, 43/42 and 47/52%. Specificity right/left was dorsal apex/mid/base 92/89, 82/75 and 88/69%; ventral 100/100, 100/92 and 88/83%. Local sensitivity and specificity regarding dorsal versus ventral was 88/100 and 65/87%. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Local sensitivity decreased from basodorsal to apicoventral direction, whereas local specificity increased in the same direction. Therefore, prostate cancers demonstrated by MRI are more prone to be detected in the basodorsal region, whereas less false-positive results are found in the apicoventral region. These variations in topographical specificity and sensitivity need to be considered before radical prostatectomy or MRI-guided biopsy.
Neuroticism and Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff in Self-Paced Speeded Mental Addition and Comparison
2010-01-01

Previous research suggests a relationship between neuroticism (N) and the speed-accuracy tradeoff in speeded performance: High-N individuals were observed performing less efficiently than low-N individuals and compensatorily overemphasizing response speed at the expense of accuracy. This study examined N-related performance differences in the serial mental addition and comparison task (SMACT) in 99 individuals, comparing several performance measures (i.e., response speed, accuracy, and variability), retest reliability, and practice effects. N was negatively correlated with mean reaction time but positively correlated with error percentage, indicating that high-N individuals tended to be faster but less accurate in their performance than low-N individuals. The strengthening of the relationship after practice demonstrated the reliability of the findings. There was, however, no relationship between N and distractibility (assessed via measures of reaction time variability). Our main findings are in line with the processing efficiency theory, extending the relationship between N and working style to sustained self-paced speeded mental addition.
Synaptonemal Complex Protein SYCP3 Exists in Two Isoforms Showing Different Conservation in Mammalian Evolution
2010-01-01

Meiosis-specific protein SYCP3 is a major structural component of synaptonemal complex (SC) lateral elements. SYCP3 is rather well conserved in vertebrates. However, some differences in SYCP3 expression have been shown among mammals. To clarifiy these differences, we have investigated SYCP3 expression with the aid of bioinformatic, biochemical and cell biological methods. Here we show that, in contrast to other vertebrates, rat and mouse SYCP3 exist in 2 isoforms. The short isoform is conserved among vertebrates. However, the longer isoform, which represents an N-terminal extension of the shorter one, most likely appeared about 15 million years ago in a common ancestor of rat and mouse and after separation from the hamster branch.
Microcirculation of subepithelial gastric tumors using contrast-enhanced ultrasound
2010-01-01

Objectives: The evaluation of subepithelial tumors of the stomach is normally the domain of gastroscopy and endoscopic ultrasound. We investigated these rare tumors using transabdominal B-mode ultrasound and performed perfusion analysis of these tumors with contrast enhanced ultrasound. Methods: Patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST, n = 3), leiomyoma (n = 1) and schwannoma (n = 1) were routinely examined using conventional B-mode-ultrasound, colour Doppler ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (contrast media: Sonovue ® ; ultrasound device: Siemens Acuson Sequoia TM 512). Gastroscopy, endosonography with puncture of the subepithelial tumor and computed tomography were also performed in all patients. After surgery, the resected stomach tumors were correlated with the preoperative imaging findings. Results: All calculated tumor sizes using any imaging modalities showed a good correlation with the macroscopic tumor sizes ex-vivo. Histologically increased tumor size of the GISTs was correlated with large, central avascular areas. The GISTs and the leiomyoma presented with mixed echogenicity in B-mode-ultrasound. Colour Doppler ultrasound was able to detect some vessels in the periphery of the tumor only. Using contrast-enhanced ultrasound the GISTs and the leiomyoma presented hypervascular. The contrast pattern of these lesions was from the periphery to the centre or diffuse or a progressive centrifugal fill in during the arterial phase. We also registered slowly progressive washout starting at the end of the arterial phase and increasing into the late phase. The contrast media behaviour in the schwannoma was different from that describt above within the GISTs: it was noted to have a diffuse intralesional pattern at the start of the arterial phase followed by an early, rapidly progressing washout-phenomenon. Conclusion: In our pilot study B-mode transabdominal ultrasound was able to visualise gastric subepithelial tumors larger than three centimetre. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a proven method in clinical practice for the perfusion analysis of gastric subepithelial tumors. It can also be used for the planning of ultrasound-guided biopsies to avoid punctures of necrotic tumor parts.
Placing the Participants of a Spatial Audio Conference Call
2010-01-01

In teleconferencing calls it is difficult to identify the current talker, especially if the person is not well known. In addition, if more than one person is talking at the same time, none of them can be understood easily. In real meetings, however, these limitations are not relevant because humans hear spatially. They take advantage of the "cocktail party effect" to distinguish speakers. In this publication, we assess a teleconferencing solution that we call 3D Telephony, which adds a virtual acoustic room simulation to IP based telephony, thereby achieving a spatial audio experience. We have conducted subjective listening tests of a 3D audio rendering engine to study the impact of the participant's locations in a virtual environment on sound quality, understandability and locatability. Our listening test results show some interesting findings. We identified placements, in which listeners find it very easy to locate virtual talkers and in which their success rate in locating two simultaneous virtual talkers is nearly perfect.
Real-time PMIRRAS studies of in situ growth of C11Eg6OMe on gold and immersion effects
2010-01-01

We studied the growth of self-assembling monolayers of C(11)Eg(6)OMe on gold under aqueous conditions. With the help of polarisation modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PMIRRAS) we monitored the evolution of characteristic absorption modes in the fingerprint region (1050-1500 cm(-1)) during the later stages of the growth of the SAM. We observed a change from rather amorphous structure with mixed all-trans and helical conformation to an ordered structure with predominantly helical structure over time. Changes of mode positions, intensities and broadness can be described by a single exponential. In addition, we investigated the effect of hydration for SAMs with different degrees of crystallinity. To that end, we compared their spectra at certain ordering levels in contact with aqueous solution with the corresponding spectra in air. SAMs with a highly ordered crystalline structure in air show the same structure under aqueous conditions. However, SAMs which are still crystalline in air, but less perfect, show rather amorphous spectral features under aqueous conditions indicating a strong interaction with water. This implies that the ability of water to penetrate the EG moiety strongly depends on its structure which in turn is related inter alia to the surface coverage. Since the interaction with water plays an important role in the prevention of unspecific adsorption on oligo(ethylene glycols) this is important for its application. Our experiments also underline the importance of the in situ analysis of the film structure.
Two Lactarius species associated with a relict Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana population in a Mexican montane cloud forest
2010-01-01

Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fleshy fungi are being monitored in a population of Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana persisting in a montane cloud forest refuge on a volcano in a subtropical region of central Veracruz (eastern Mexico). The population of Fagus studied represents one of the 10 recognized forest fragments still housing this tree genus in Mexico. This is the first attempt to document EM fungi associated with this tree species in Mexico. We present evidence of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis for Lactarius badiopallescens and L. cinereus with this endemic tree. Species identification of Lactarius on Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana was based on the comparison of DNAsequences (ITS rDNA) of spatiotemporally co-occurring basidiomes and EM root tips. The host of the EM tips was identified by comparison of the large subunit of the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcL). The occurrence of Lactarius badiopallescens and L. cinereus populations in the area of study represent the southernmost record known to date of these two species in North America and are new for the Neotropical Lactarius mycota. Descriptions coupled with illustrations of macro- and micromorphological features of basidiomes as well as photographs of ectomycorrhizas are presented.
Similarity grouping and repetition blindness are both influenced by attention
2010-01-01

Previous studies have reported seemingly conflicting results regarding how the amount of stimulus similarity between two simultaneously presented target stimuli impacts perceptual performance. There are many reports of 'repetition blindness', where individuals do worse when shown two similar stimuli relative to two different stimuli. On the other hand, there are reports of 'similarity grouping', where participants perform better when identifying two similar objects relative to two different objects. This manuscript posits that repetition blindness and similarity grouping coexist and can be elicited in the same subjects in a single task. This not only explains the previous opposite effects of stimulus similarity on task performance, but also provides a unique opportunity to directly compare these opposite effects of stimulus similarity with respect to susceptibility to a modulating factor. Since previous studies have provided inconclusive results on whether attentional relevance can modulate the effect of stimulus similarity on task performance, the current manuscript aims to compare repetition blindness and similarity grouping with respect to their susceptibility to attentional relevance. The results of the first experiment confirmed that both repetition blindness and similarity grouping can be elicited in the same experiment, suggesting that repetition blindness and similarity grouping coexist. The results of the second experiment suggest that both repetition blindness and similarity grouping can be modulated by attentional relevance. These results support the explanation of repetition blindness as a token individuation failure. Furthermore, these results suggest that supposedly pre-attentional grouping mechanisms might not operate as independently from top-down attentional modulations as traditionally thought.
Prediction of Phenotype Information from Genotype Data
2010-01-01

The dissection of complex diseases is one of the greatest challenges of human genetics with important clinical and scientific applications. Traditionally, associations were sought between single genetic markers and disease. The availability of large scale SNP data makes it possible, for the first time, to study the predictive power of genotypes and haplotypes with respect to phenotype data. Here we present a novel method for predicting phenotype informationfromgenotypedata. The method is based on a support vector machine that employs new kernel functions for the similarity between genotypes or their underlying haplotypes. We demonstrate our approach on SNP data for the apolipoprotein gene cluster in baboons, predicting plasma lipid levels with significant success rates, and identifying associations that were not detected using extant approaches.
Tandem Achmatowicz-Knoevenagel protocol: diastereoselective synthesis and anticancer evaluation of cyclopenta[b]pyrane derivatives
2010-01-01

Synthesis of cyclopenta[b]pyrane derivatives via Achmatowicz oxidative cyclization of furanols followed by intramolecular Knoevenagel condensation of the β-ketoester arm is examined. The extent of diastereoselectivity was dependent on the nature of the chiral atom within the tethering carbon of the pyrenone ring. In some cases, this process proceeds with a high degree of stereoselectivity after protection of the anomeric hydroxyl group. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of pyrazolone derivatives thereof was studied against HCT116 (human colorectal cancer cells), SK-N-SH (human Caucasian bone marrow neuroblastoma) cells and the non-tumorigenic cells (MCF10A).
Researching Confirmation Work in Europe: The Need for Multi-Level Analysis for Identifying Individual and Group Influences in Non-Formal Education
2010-01-01

This article includes a dual argument, about confirmation work as an object of research on the one hand, and about general methodological questions on the other. Based on an international comparative study on confirmation work with more than 28000 persons involved, the article presents the advantages of multi-level analysis (MLA) as a method for discerning effects on the levels of individuals and of groups. Discussing the methodological implications the article gives an exemplary introduction into MLA by presenting selected models referring to confirmands' satisfaction with their confirmation time in general and with church services in particular. It can be shown that 11-13% of the total variance is explained by factors on the group level. The group level factors include the duration of confirmation camp, the number of meetings and the aims of the workers as indicators for the educational concept of the team. Based on the intraclass correlation of MLA, the article suggests that the existence of fixed curricula in non-formal education settings like confirmation work enhances the uniformity of the programs and reduces the proportion of variance accounted for on the group level.
Improved Killing of Human High-Grade Glioma Cells by Combining Ionizing Radiation with Oncolytic Parvovirus H-1 Infection
2010-01-01

Purpose . To elucidate the influence of ionizing radiation (IR) on the oncolytic activity of Parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) in human high-grade glioma cells. Methods . Short term cultures of human high-grade gliomas were irradiated at different doses and infected with H-1PV. Cell viability was assessed by determining relative numbers of surviving cells. Replication of H-1PV was measured by RT-PCR of viral RNA, fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and the synthesis of infectious virus particles. To identify a possible mechanism for radiation induced change in the oncolytic activity of H-1PV we performed cell cycle analyses. Results . Previous irradiation rendered glioma cells fully permissive to H-1PV infection. Irradiation 24 hours prior to H-1PV infection led to increased cell killing most notably in radioresistant glioma cells. Intracellular levels of NS-1, the main effector of H-1PV induced cytotoxicity, were elevated after irradiation. S-phase levels were increased one day after irradiation improving S-phase dependent viral replication and cytotoxicity. Conclusion . This study demonstrates intact susceptibility of previously irradiated glioma-cells for H-1PV induced oncolysis. The combination of ionizing radiation followed by H-1PV infection increased viral cytotoxicity, especially in radioresistant gliomas. These findings support the ongoing development of a clinical trial of H-1PV in patients with recurrent glioblastomas.
Rare earth oxycarbonates as a material class for chemoresistive CO2 gas sensors
2010-01-01

In this work we compare the CO2 gas sensing properties of two new materials synthesized from rare earth hydroxide (La(OH)3,Pr(OH)3) precursors, with the already reported ones for neodymium oxycarbonate, which was synthesized from the corresponding Nd(OH)3 precursor. In-situ XRD measurements show that by following similar thermal treatment, praseodymium hydroxide is transforming to the metal oxide while lanthanum hydroxide forms an oxycarbonate, like in the case of neodymium. The chemoresistive effects we found for the lanthanum oxycarbonate were even higher than the ones recorded for the neodymium oxycarbonate; for the praseodymium metal oxide we could not find any CO2 sensitivity. Accordingly, we think that the condition for CO2 sensing is the formation of the rare earth oxycarbonate.