julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Distributed Network Analysis Using TOPAS and Wireshark
2008-04-01

Distributed network analysis deals with the inspection of traffic observed at various locations in the network. The conventional approach is to deploy a full-fledged network analyzer at every observation point, which allows exhaustive examinations, but at the same time is a very costly solution. In this paper, we present an alternative approach using packet data exported by PSAMP and Flexible Netflow devices, such as routers, switches, and monitoring probes. Exported packet records are received by the real-time network analysis framework TOPAS and examined by the open-source network analyzer Wireshark. Monitoring devices are configured with a Monitor Manager in order to export only data needed to achieve the analysis goal. Apart from an architectural description, this paper contains the results of experimental performance evaluations and a discussion on the advantages and limitations of our approach.
Toxic Effects of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator on Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells
2008-04-01

These data suggest a dose-dependent toxic effect of rtPA on HCECs in vitro. Although intracameral rtPA concentrations up to 100 mug/mL seem to be clinically safe, the use of concentrations higher than 125 microg/mL might induce irreversible cell death and should be restricted to selected cases.
Maillard Products as Biomarkers in Cancer
2008-04-01

Because tumors exert increased glycolysis rates, a high intracellular carbonyl stress with the formation of Maillard products may evolve. Therefore, we studied the presence of N ɛ ‐(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) modification in breast cancer tissues from 20 patients and found significant cytoplasmatic staining in tumor cells that was independent of the tumor stage, tumor type, and microanatomic localization. Studying breast cancer cell lines, we also found strong cytoplasmatic CML staining that was again independent of their invasive or metastatic behavior. Our results reveal that tumor cells show a strong cytoplasmatic immunoreactivity to CML without evident association with breast carcinoma type, differentiation, tumor stage, or intratumoral localization. We conclude that CML formation is a general tumor cell‐associated process.
AUDITORY REHABILITATION AFTER LONG-TERM DEAFNESS
2008-04-01

The potential of the deafferentiated central auditory system to mediate auditory brainstem implant-induced hearing perception even after very long-term deafness has been demonstrated. Those patients with complete dysfunction of Cranial Nerve VIII for a long period may be considered as candidates for auditory brainstem implantation in the future.
Linear-scaling fixed-node diffusion quantum Monte Carlo: Accounting for the nodal information in a density matrix-based scheme
2008-04-01

A reformulation of the fixed-node diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method (FN-DQMC) in terms of the N-particle density matrix is presented, which allows us to reduce the computational effort to linear for the evaluation of the local energy. The reformulation is based on our recently introduced density matrix-based approach for a linear-scaling variational QMC method [J. Kussmann et al., Phys. Rev. B. 75, 165107 (2007)]. However, within the latter approach of using the positive semi-definite N-particle trial density (ρNT(R)=∣ΨT(R)∣2), the nodal information of the trial function is lost. Therefore, a straightforward application to the FN-DQMC method is not possible, in which the sign of the trial function is usually traced in order to confine the random walkers to their nodal pockets. As a solution, we reformulate the FN-DQMC approach in terms of off-diagonal elements of the N-particle density matrix ρNT(R;R′), so that the nodal information of the trial density matrix is obtained. Besides all-electron moves, a scheme to perform single-electron moves within N-PDM QMC is described in detail. The efficiency of our method is illustrated for exemplary calculations.
Suppression of Melanoma-Associated Neoangiogenesis by Bevacizumab
2008-04-01

Intraocular administration of the anti-VEGF drug bevacizumab causes immediate and complete regression of melanoma-associated angiogenesis. The rationale for the therapeutic strategy in our patient was an elevated level of VEGF in the vitreous cavity. Because we could not demonstrate a direct antiproliferative effect of bevacizumab on melanoma metastasis, bevacizumab seems most promising if evaluated in combination with antiproliferative agents.
Pipelined Bus-Invert Coding for FPGAs Driving High-Speed DDR-Channels
2008-04-01

We present designs for high-speed bus-invert coding on FPGAs. The purpose is to reduce switching activities on off-chip buses driven through dual-data-rate outputs. For bus-invert coding, the performance-limiting unit is the majority voter circuit. In order to support very high data rates, we use both pipelined and approximate solutions for this unit. The approximate solution is optimized for LUT-based FPGAs and achieves high performance at lower hardware costs, at an only slightly decreased efficiency. We give performance figures for the algorithms and the circuitry.
Current status of bare and drug-eluting stents in infrainguinal peripheral vascular disease
2008-04-01

Currently, the use of endovascular therapies including stent application is increasingly becoming the treatment of choice for superficial femoral and below-the-knee lesions. Primary stenting of even longer lesions is supported by favorable results of mid- to long-term evaluations. However, issues such as the long-term patency of these devices, optimal design of the stents used, and the role of coating with drugs for infrainguinal disease are under investigation. With more widespread use, problems such as fractures become evident and further developments will have to address these issues. Currently, a number of studies are being conducted, which will help to clarify the role of patient and lesion selection, choice of device, design of the stent and the question of whether or not to use drug-eluting stents for this application. Furthermore, endovascular therapy of below-the-knee lesions is becoming an increasingly interesting area for interventional procedures.
Management of primary and metastasized melanoma in Germany in the time period 1976–2005: an analysis of the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society
2008-04-01

This study analysed the changes of excision margins in correlation with tumour thickness as recorded over the last three decades in Germany. The study also evaluated surgical management in different geographical regions and treatment options for metastasized melanoma. A total of 42 625 patients with invasive primary cutaneous melanoma, recorded by the German Central Malignant Melanoma Registry between 1976 and 2005 were included. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate time trends of excision margins adjusted for tumour thickness. Excision margins of 5.0 cm were widely used in the late 1970s but since then have been replaced by smaller margins that are dependent on tumour thickness. In the case of primary melanoma, one-step surgery dominated until 1985 and was mostly replaced by two-step excisions since the early 1990s. In eastern Germany, one-step management remained common until the late 1990s. During the last three decades loco-regional metastases were predominantly treated by surgery (up to 80%), whereas systemic therapy decreased. The primary treatment of distant metastases has consistently been systemic chemotherapy. This descriptive retrospective study revealed a significant decrease in excision margins to a maximum of 2.00 cm. A significant trend towards two-step excisions in primary cutaneous melanoma was observed throughout Germany. Management of metastasized melanoma showed a tendency towards surgical procedures in limited disease and an ongoing trend to systemic treatment in advanced disease.
SLA-based SAN design
2008-04-01

Storage Area Networks (SANs) connect storage devices to servers over fast network interconnects. We consider the problem of optimal SAN configuration with the goal of retaining more security in meeting service level agreements (SLAs) on unexpected peaks. First, we give an algorithm for assigning storage devices to applications running on the SAN's hosts. This algorithm tries to balance the workload as evenly as possible over all storage devices. Our second algorithm takes these assignments and computes the interconnections (data paths) that are necessary to achieve the desired configuration while respecting redundancy (safety) requirements in the SLAs. Again, this algorithm tries to balance the workload of all connections and devices. Thus, our network configurations respect all SLAs and provide flexibility for future changes by avoiding bottlenecks on storage devices or switches. We also discuss integrating our solution with the open source SAN management software Aperi.
Conditional expression of Ang‐2 during tumor angiogenesis: tightly balanced Angiopoietin/Tie2 signaling determines the tumor vascular phenotype
2008-04-01

Angiopoietins play important roles in the formation of neovessels and complex vascular networks. Angiopoietin‐1 (Ang‐1) and Angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) are both members of a family of growth factors which display opposing effects on the activation of the tyrosine kinase with Ig und EGF homology domain 2 (Tie2). To more precisely discriminate the antagonizing actions of Ang‐1 and Ang‐2 during tumor angiogenesis, we applied a transgenic animal model which allowed the inducible expression of Ang‐2 in endothelial cells and a mammary carcinoma model designed to express Ang‐1 and Ang‐2. When comparing the vascular morphology of Ang‐2 expressing mammary tumors in nude mice and lewis‐lung tumors in Ang‐2 transgenic mice, small blood vessels with apoptotic endothelial cells and pericyte denudation were evident. In addition, disrupted cell‐cell contacts were often observed. Consequently, we deteced increased vascular permeability by magnetic resonance imaging in Ang‐2 positive tumors, indicative for non‐functional and leaky blood vessels. Notably, high numbers of infiltrating monocytic cells expressing CD11b in Lewis lung tumors of Ang‐2 transgenic animals were also evident. The presence of infiltrating cells suggests a paracrine mechanism and indicates that growth factors secreted by monocytes/macrophages might be important to facilitate/promote angiogenesis in tumors.
[Topical drug vehicles--influence of galenics in the therapy of atopic eczema].
2008-04-01

Properties of a drug for cutaneous application strongly depend on its vehicle. The appropriate excipient should be chosen according to the skin disease and site of application. There are several products for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, which differ in their content of water, lipids and emulsifiers, thus affecting the penetration into the skin. Therefore, individually produced drugs according to the NRF exhibit the optimal features for an individual drug therapy.
X‐ray structures of Sap1 and Sap5: Structural comparison of the secreted aspartic proteinases from Candida albicans
2008-04-02

Abstract Proteolytic activity is an important virulence factor for Candida albicans (C. albicans). It is attributed to the family of the secreted aspartic proteinases (Saps) from C. albicans with a minimum of 10 members. Saps show controlled expression and regulation for the individual stages of the infection process. Distinct isoenzymes can be responsible for adherence and tissue damage of local infections, while others cause systemic diseases. Earlier, only the structures of Sap2 and Sap3 were known. In our research, we have now succeeded in solving the X‐ray crystal structures of the apoenzyme of Sap1 and Sap5 in complex with pepstatin A at 2.05 and 2.5 Å resolution, respectively. With the structure of Sap1, we have completed the set of structures of isoenzyme subgroup Sap1‐3. Of subgroup Sap4‐6, the structure of the enzyme Sap5 is the first structure that has been described up to now. This facilitates comparison of structural details as well as inhibitor binding modes among the different subgroup members. Structural analysis reveals a highly conserved overall secondary structure of Sap1‐3 and Sap5. However, Sap5 clearly differs from Sap1‐3 by its electrostatic overall charge as well as through structural conformation of its entrance to the active site cleft. Design of inhibitors specific for Sap5 should concentrate on the S4 and S3 pockets, which significantly differ from Sap1‐3 in size and electrostatic charge. Both Sap1 and Sap5 seem to play a major part in superficial Candida infections. Determination of the isoenzymes' structures can contribute to the development of new Sap‐specific inhibitors for the treatment of superficial infections with a structure‐based drug design program. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive and psychosocial development of children with Pierre Robin sequence
2008-04-03

Abstract Aim: It is unclear whether cognitive impairment in Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) results from a primary disturbance affecting both the brain and the mandible or from recurrent upper airway obstruction (UAO). If the latter were true, cognitive impairment should be preventable by early treatment of UAO. We wanted to determine the cognitive and psychosocial outcome of children with PRS treated with a new device aimed at relieving UAO in infancy (pre‐epiglottic baton plate). Methods: Thirty‐four children with PRS and 34 healthy controls aged 4–11 years completed the Kaufman‐Assessment Battery for Children (K‐ABC) and a self‐concept inventory. Parents rated their children's emotional and behavioural problems. Multi‐ and univariate analyses of covariance were performed, controlling for gender, age, parental education, family income and parental depression. Results: The cognitive development of the PR children was within the reference range. Compared to healthy children, however, the children with PRS performed significantly poorer. There were no significant differences concerning self‐concept, emotional or behavioural problems. Conclusion: These children with non‐syndromic PRS who had received treatment of UAO in infancy performed worse in the K‐ABC. However, this did not reflect a major cognitive impairment.
Dynamics in the p38α MAP Kinase–SB203580 Complex Observed by Liquid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
2008-04-03

Added flexibility: NMR data for p38α MAP kinase in a complex with the SB203580 inhibitor show intermediate exchange of residues in the binding pocket (affected residues marked in blue and red on the structure), which indicates increased flexibility compared to that of the unbound protein. Based on residual dipolar couplings, the overall solution structure of p38α is very similar to the crystal structure. Thus, the increased mobility in solution is an effect of the inhibitor that is not reflected in the crystal structure.
Dynamics in the p38α MAP Kinase–SB203580 Complex Observed by Liquid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
2008-04-03

Zunahme an Flexibilität: NMR-Daten der p38α-MAP-Kinase im Komplex mit dem Inhibitor SB203580 zeigen einen mittleren chemischen Austausch für die Aminosäuren in der Bindungstasche (die betreffenden Reste sind in der Struktur blau und rot markiert), was auf eine höhere Flexibilität gegenüber dem ungebundenen Protein hinweist. Den dipolaren Restkopplungen zufolge ist die Struktur von p38α in Lösung sehr ähnlich zur Kristallstruktur. Daraus folgt, dass die erhöhte Beweglichkeit in Lösung ein Effekt des Inhibitors ist.
Microsatellite markers for the drought‐resistant earthworm Hormogaster elisae
2008-04-04

Abstract We developed and characterized 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci from a simple sequence repeat‐enriched genomic DNA library of the earthworm Hormogaster elisae . Characterization of these loci using 26 individuals revealed eight to 25 alleles per locus and high levels of heterozygosity. These loci will be used for paternity analysis and population genetic studies.
Metallothionein Downregulation in Very Old Age: A Phenomenon Associated with Cellular Senescence?
2008-04-07

It is known that metallothionein (MT) mRNA expression first increases with age, but then decreases again in the very elderly. Here we report that MT protein levels also decrease in very old age, and that this is independent of dietary zinc intake. Age-related changes of MT, as well as alterations of zinc homeostasis (intracellular labile zinc and NO-induced zinc release), occur both in human PBMCs ex vivo and also in CD4+ T cell clones progressing through their finite life span in vitro. These results suggest that phenomena observed in very old people can be at least partially attributed to diminished cell proliferation.
Subcritical solution of the Yang-Mills Schrödinger equation in the Coulomb gauge
2008-04-08

In the Hamiltonian approach to Coulomb gauge Yang-Mills theory, the functional Schroedinger equation is solved variationally resulting in a set of coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations. These equations are solved self-consistently in the subcritical regime defined by infrared finite form factors. It is shown that the Dyson-Schwinger equation for the Coulomb form factor fails to have a solution in the critical regime where all form factors have infrared divergent power laws.
A new period determination for the close PG1159 binary SDSS J212531.92–010745.9
2008-04-08

Abstract Methods to measure masses of PG1159 stars in order to test evolutionary scenarios are currently based on spectroscopic masses or asteroseismological mass determinations. One recently discovered PG1159 star in a close binary system may finally allow the first dynamical mass determination, which has so far been analysed on the basis of one SDSS spectrum and photometric monitoring. In order to be able to phase future radial velocity measurements of the system SDSS J212531.92–010745.9, we follow up on the photometric monitoring of this system to provide a solid observational basis for an improved orbital ephemeris determination. New white‐light time series of the brightness variation of SDSS J212531.92–010745.9 with the Tübingen 80 cm and Göttingen 50 cm telescopes extend the monitoring into a second season (2006), tripling the length of overall observational data available, and significantly increasing the time base covered. We give the ephemeris for the orbital motion of the system, based on a sine fit which now results in a period of 6.95573(5) h, and discuss the associated new amplitude determination in the context of the phased light curve variation profile. The accuracy of the ephemeris has been improved by more than one order of magnitude compared to that previously published for 2005 alone. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nickel Coordination Compounds of Stanna‐closo‐dodecaborate
2008-04-08

Abstract The reaction of the nickel complexes [(dppm)NiBr 2 ] [dppm = 1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane] and [(dppe)NiBr 2 ] [dppe = 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane] with stanna‐ closo ‐dodecaborate [Bu 3 NH] 2 [SnB 11 H 11 ] ( 1 ) yielded the trigonal‐bipyramidal coordination compounds [Bu 3 NH] 4 [(dppm)Ni(SnB 11 H 11 ) 3 ] ( 2 ) and [Bu 3 NH] 4 [(dppe)Ni(SnB 11 H 11 ) 3 ]( 3 ). The square‐planar compound [Bu 3 NH] 2 [(Im i Pr 2 Me 2 ) 2 Ni(SnB 11 H 11 ) 2 ] ( 4 ) (Im i Pr 2 Me 2 = 1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethyl‐imidazoliumylidene) could be obtained by the reaction of the N‐heterocyclic carbene complex [(Im i Pr 2 Me 2 ) 2 NiBr 2 ] with [Bu 3 NH] 2 [SnB 11 H 11 ] ( 1 ). The new coordination compounds were characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Undergraduate technical skills training guided by student tutors – Analysis of tutors' attitudes, tutees' acceptance and learning progress in an innovative teaching model
2008-04-09

This study demonstrates that peer teaching in undergraduate technical clinical skills training is feasible and widely accepted among tutees, provided that the tutors receive sufficient training and supervision.
Structure, morphology, and growth dynamics of perfluoro‐pentacene thin films
2008-04-09

Abstract We report high structural order in thin films of the organic semiconductor perfluoro‐pentacene (PFP), which is a candidate material for n‐type applications, deposited by vacuum sublimation on oxidized silicon wafers. Bragg reflections up to high order in both specular and grazing incidence geometries and a mosaicity of less than 0.01° demonstrate the well defined structure. The thin film entirely consists of crystallites with a structure close to the bulk phase without any contamination with a second phase. Real‐time X‐ray measurements show that PFP grows in a Stranski–Krastanov growth mode with the first monolayer wetting the substrate before 3d‐growth sets in during growth of the second monolayer. Implications for its use are discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Module Extension of a Non‐Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase of the Glycopeptide Antibiotic Balhimycin Produced by Amycolatopsis balhimycina
2008-04-09

Don't do it by halves: Genetic engineering of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) by module (M) exchange (I) and deletion (II) has previously resulted in amino acid exchange and deletion of the synthesized peptide metabolite. Here we report for the first time the insertion (III) of one complete module into an NRPS assembly line, resulting in an elongated peptide metabolite.
Integrated planar low-cost sensor for reflection interference spectroscopy
2008-04-09

Measurement technologies based on changes of specific polymer layers are important in biotechnology and chemistry. Additional to surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the reflection interference spectroscopy (RIfS) is the most promising measuring technique for the characterization of changes of basic layer properties. Especially in the area of bio- and life-science one can see an increasing need for miniaturized detection systems. Special polymers optimized on thickness changes depending on concentration or existence of surrounding substances allow a wide spectrum of the detection applications. Potentials are in the area of measuring DNA interactions, characterization of antibodies, marking free detection of bimolecular interactions, supervision of fermentation processes, Freon detection, time dissolved detection of hydrocarbons and so on. In the area of the SPR, methods for the realizing of low cost sensors exists but there aren't any concepts for such sensors based on the RIfS yet. In this work we present a sensor concept, design and first results of a RIfS Sensor. Different model systems were examined by ray tracing simulations and verified in test experiments. The features of the planar structure of this type of the sensor and its differences in comparison with the classic RIfS are mentioned below. The potential and attainable specifications of a sensor show a compromise between measurement range and signal properties is given by the sensor design. The sensor parameters were found out quantitatively for the purpose of potential applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Octahedral Coordination Compounds of the Ni, Pd, Pt Triad
2008-04-09

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pictet—Spengler Synthesis of Some Thiophene[c]‐Fused β‐Carbolines.
2008-04-09

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.