julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Probing Atom-Surface Interactions by Diffraction of Bose-Einstein Condensates
2014-02-27

In this article we analyze the Casimir-Polder interaction of atoms with a solid grating and an additional repulsive interaction between the atoms and the grating in the presence of an external laser source. The combined potential landscape above the solid body is probed locally by diffraction of Bose-Einstein condensates. Measured diffraction efficiencies reveal information about the shape of the Casimir-Polder interaction and allow us to discern between models based on a pairwise-summation (Hamaker) approach and Lifshitz theory.
Airway, but not serum or urinary, levels of YKL-40 reflect inflammation in early cystic fibrosis lung disease
2014-02-27

This study demonstrates that levels of the chitinase-like protein YKL-40 reflect airway inflammation and infection in early CF lung disease. The lack of increased YKL-40 in serum in the absence of systemic inflammation limits the benefit of this potential biomarker in early disease.
High 1H Relaxivity Gadolinium‐Grafted Mesoporous Silica Materials
2014-02-27

Abstract Soft metal‐organic grafting of periodic mesoporous silica (PMS) has recently been demonstrated to give gadolinium‐loaded nanostructured hybrid materials with interesting 1 H relaxometric properties. Here, the sterically demanding alkoxide and aryloxide complexes, [ Ln (OCH 2 CMe 3 ) 3 ] 4 and Ln (OC 6 H 3 t Bu 2 ‐2,6) 3 ( Ln = La, Gd), respectively, were grafted onto PMS materials MCM‐41, SBA‐15, and SBA‐1. Support materials with distinct topology and pore diameters were utilized in order to direct the metal precursors towards the PMSs internal or external surfaces. All hybrid materials were examined by N 2 physisorption, Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. The characterization data demonstrated the successful silica attachment of the alk(aryl)oxide complexes via the surface silanol groups. Careful design of the hybrid materials based on findings in our previous studies resulted in Gd III loaded materials with particularly high 1 H longitudinal relaxivities at high magnetic field strength (400 MHz). The highest relaxivity of r 1 = 31 mM –1 s –1 was found for material [Gd(OCH 2 CMe 3 ) 3 ] 4 @SBA‐1 showing no intrapore metal loading. This value is amongst the highest relaxivities reported for Gd III loaded mesoporous nanomaterials so far at such high field strength. The metal loading, localization of metal centers (directed by the topology of the PMS), and the particular properties of the metal‐organic precursor are factors found to influence r 1 .
Zur Reaktion von 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,3,4,5‐tetraisopropylimidazol‐2‐yliden (Carb) mit Iod. Die Kristallstruktur von {[Carb–I3–Carb]I·2Carb‐I2·2CH2Cl2}
2014-02-27

Abstract From the reaction of 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3,4,5‐tetraisopropylimidazol‐2‐ylidene ( 4 ) (Carb) with iodine a compound of composition Carb · I 2 was obtained. Crystals were isolated from dichloromethane and the X‐ray structure analysis revealed the presence of both Carb‐I 2 ( 6 ) and [Carb–I 3 –Carb]I ( 7 ) moieties including disordered solvent according to the composition of {[Carb–I 3 –Carb]I · 2Carb‐I 2 · 2CH 2 Cl 2 } ( 5 ).
Blood Platelets in the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease
2014-02-28

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neurotoxic amyloid-ß plaque formation in brain parenchyma and cerebral blood vessels known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Besides CAA, AD is strongly related to vascular diseases such as stroke and atherosclerosis. Cerebrovascular dysfunction occurs in AD patients leading to alterations in blood flow that might play an important role in AD pathology with neuronal loss and memory deficits. Platelets are the major players in hemostasis and thrombosis, but are also involved in neuroinflammatory diseases like AD. For many years, platelets were accepted as peripheral model to study the pathophysiology of AD because platelets display the enzymatic activities to generate amyloid-ß (Aß) peptides. In addition, platelets are considered to be a biomarker for early diagnosis of AD. Effects of Aß peptides on platelets and the impact of platelets in the progression of AD remained, however, ill-defined. The present study explored the cellular mechanisms triggered by Aß in platelets. Treatment of platelets with Aß led to platelet activation and enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane scrambling, suggesting enhanced platelet apoptosis. More important, platelets modulate soluble Aß into fibrillar structures that were absorbed by apoptotic but not vital platelets. This together with enhanced platelet adhesion under flow ex vivo and in vivo and platelet accumulation at amyloid deposits of cerebral vessels of AD transgenic mice suggested that platelets are major contributors of CAA inducing platelet thrombus formation at vascular amyloid plaques leading to vessel occlusion critical for cerebrovascular events like stroke.
Laparoscopic radiofrequency volumetric thermal ablation of fibroids versus laparoscopic myomectomy
2014-02-28

Abstract Objective To compare the mean hospital discharge times and perioperative outcomes for radiofrequency volumetric thermal ablation (RFVTA) of fibroids and laparoscopic myomectomy (LM). Methods The present postmarket, randomized, prospective, single‐center, longitudinal, comparative study, conducted in Tübingen, Germany, evaluated the outcomes of RFVTA and the current standard of care (LM) for symptomatic uterine fibroids in women who desired uterine conservation. The surgeons were blinded to the treatment until all fibroids had been mapped by laparoscopic ultrasound. Results The mean hospitalization times were 10.0 ± 5.5 (median 7.8 [range 4.2–25.5]) hours for the RFVTA group and 29.9 ± 14.2 (median 22.6 [range 16.1–68.1]) hours for the LM group ( P &lt; 0.001, Wilcoxon test). Intraoperative blood loss was 16 ± 9 (median 20 [range: 0–30]) mL for the RFVTA procedures and 51 ± 57 (median 35 [range 10–300]) mL for the LM procedures. The percentage of fibroids imaged by laparoscopic ultrasound that were treated/excised was 98.6% for RFVTA and 80.3% for LM. Two complications were reported: vertigo (n = 1; RFVTA) and port site hematoma (n = 1; LM). Conclusion Radiofrequency volumetric thermal ablation resulted in the treatment of more fibroids, a significantly shorter hospital stay, and less intraoperative blood loss than laparoscopic myomectomy. ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT01750008
A database of whole-body action videos for the study of action, emotion, and untrustworthiness
2014-02-28

We present a database of high-definition (HD) videos for the study of traits inferred from whole-body actions. Twenty-nine actors (19 female) were filmed performing different actions-walking, picking up a box, putting down a box, jumping, sitting down, and standing and acting-while conveying different traits, including four emotions (anger, fear, happiness, sadness), untrustworthiness, and neutral, where no specific trait was conveyed. For the actions conveying the four emotions and untrustworthiness, the actions were filmed multiple times, with the actor conveying the traits with different levels of intensity. In total, we made 2,783 action videos (in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional format), each lasting 7 s with a frame rate of 50 fps. All videos were filmed in a green-screen studio in order to isolate the action information from all contextual detail and to provide a flexible stimulus set for future use. In order to validate the traits conveyed by each action, we asked participants to rate each of the actions corresponding to the trait that the actor portrayed in the two-dimensional videos. To provide a useful database of stimuli of multiple actions conveying multiple traits, each video name contains information on the gender of the actor, the action executed, the trait conveyed, and the rating of its perceived intensity. All videos can be downloaded free at the following address: http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~neb506/databases.html. We discuss potential uses for the database in the analysis of the perception of whole-body actions.
Correction to “SCoRS—A Method Based on Stability for Feature Selection and Mapping in Neuroimaging” [Jan 14 85-98]
2014-02-28

In the above paper (ibid., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 85-98, Jan. 2014), the title appeared incorrectly as "SCoRS—A Method Based on Stability for Feature Selection and Apping in Neoroimaging." The title should have appeared as "SCoRS—A Method Based on Stability for Feature Selection and Mapping in Neuroimaging."
A RECIPE FOR JUMP-LIKE PROGRESS IN SCIENCE – ILLUSTRATED BY 6 EXAMPLES
2014-02-28

Does there exist a method to boost scientific and humanitarian progress? Six cases in point are offered. The featured protagonists are: Zwicky, Einstein, Conrad, Reichardt, Szilard and Everett. The six breakthroughs offered are: (1) stationary cosmology (combined with a promising terrestrial fusion technology); (2) global-cgeneral relativity; (3) well-stirred life; (4) Pandaka-pygmaea based brain science; (5) an interactively reared wiser biological intelligence; (6) an experiment proving personalized assignment of the physical world.
Adolescents as Theologians: A New Approach in Christian Education and Youth Ministry
2014-03-01

Abstract The author argues that adolescents are not only philosophers, as Kohlberg and Gilligan once claimed, but should also be viewed as theologians. This view corresponds to what has been called "lay theology" or "ordinary theology." Moreover, the article takes up the double question what adolescents might benefit from theology and what theology might benefit from adolescents. On this background, a systematic understanding of adolescents as theologians is offered, distinguishing between theology of adolescents, with adolescents, and for adolescents. In a final section, theological views concerning adolescence as a stage in the human lifecycle are discussed.
Long-wavelength chlorophylls in photosystem I of cyanobacteria: Origin, localization, and functions
2014-03-01

The structural organization of photosystem I (PSI) complexes in cyanobacteria and the origin of the PSI antenna long-wavelength chlorophylls and their role in energy migration, charge separation, and dissipation of excess absorbed energy are discussed. The PSI complex in cyanobacterial membranes is organized preferentially as a trimer with the core antenna enriched with long-wavelength chlorophylls. The contents of long-wavelength chlorophylls and their spectral characteristics in PSI trimers and monomers are species-specific. Chlorophyll aggregates in PSI antenna are potential candidates for the role of the long-wavelength chlorophylls. The red-most chlorophylls in PSI trimers of the cyanobacteria Arthrospira platensis and Thermosynechococcus elongatus can be formed as a result of interaction of pigments peripherally localized on different monomeric complexes within the PSI trimers. Long-wavelength chlorophylls affect weakly energy equilibration within the heterogeneous PSI antenna, but they significantly delay energy trapping by P700. When the reaction center is open, energy absorbed by long-wavelength chlorophylls migrates to P700 at physiological temperatures, causing its oxidation. When the PSI reaction center is closed, the P700 cation radical or P700 triplet state (depending on the P700 redox state and the PSI acceptor side cofactors) efficiently quench the fluorescence of the long-wavelength chlorophylls of PSI and thus protect the complex against photodestruction.
Investigating Microbe-Mineral Interactions: Recent Advances in X-Ray and Electron Microscopy and Redox-Sensitive Methods
2014-03-01

Microbe-mineral interactions occur in diverse modern environments, from the deep sea and subsurface rocks to soils and surface aquatic environments. They may have played a central role in the geochemical cycling of major (e.g., C, Fe, Ca, Mn, S, P) and trace (e.g., Ni, Mo, As, Cr) elements over Earth's history. Such interactions include electron transfer at the microbe-mineral interface that left traces in the rock record. Geomicrobiology consists in studying interactions at these organic-mineral interfaces in modern samples and looking for traces of past microbe-mineral interactions recorded in ancient rocks. Specific tools are required to probe these interfaces and to understand the mechanisms of interaction between microbes and minerals from the scale of the biofilm to the nanometer scale. In this review, we focus on recent advances in electron microscopy, in particular in cryoelectron microscopy, and on a panel of electrochemical and synchrotron-based methods that have recently provided new understanding and imaging of the microbe-mineral interface, ultimately opening new fields to be explored.
Osteology, relationships, and ecology ofAnnemys(Testudines, Eucryptodira) from the Late Jurassic of Shar Teg, Mongolia, and phylogenetic definitions for Xinjiangchelyidae, Sinemydidae, and Macrobaenidae
2014-03-01

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT A complete description of the xinjiangchelyid turtles Annemys levensis and A. latiens is provided, based on all available material from the Upper Jurassic type locality of Shar Teg, Mongolia. Annemys latiens was previously known almost exclusively from shell material, but an undescribed skull from Shar Teg is referable to this species and its distinct morphology confirms the presence of two taxa at this locality. Annemys latiens has an elongated skull that markedly differs in proportions from those of A. levensis and resembles the shape of some recent, piscivorous turtles. The overall similarity of the shells of the two Annemys species combined with significant differences in the skull indicate that these turtles probably partitioned the aquatic niche by exploring different feeding strategies. Among xinjiangchelyids, at least three different skull morphotypes can be differentiated, which implies a moderate level of ecological diversification among Late Jurassic Asian turtles. Phylogenetic analysis weakly supports the inclusion of Annemys spp. into Xinjiangchelyidae and places xinjiangchelyids at the stem of Testudines, but the latter result is considered tentative. Phylogenetic definitions of Xinjiangchelyidae, Sinemydidae, and Macrobaenidae are provided for nomenclatural clarity and precision. SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank E. Syromyatnikova for patiently assisting M.R. and W.G.J. during their stay at PIN. D. Brinkman, T. Lyson, and J. Parham are thanked for insightful discussions. J. Sterli, D. Brinkman, and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable comments that helped improve the quality of the manuscript. J. Sterli is particularly thanked for her assistance in using TNT. This research was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grant JO 928/2-1 to W.G.J. The participation of I.D. in this study was supported by DFG grant MA 1643/14-1 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 11-04-91331-NNIO). M.R. was also supported by the MTA Lendület Program Project No. 95104. Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at http;//www.tandfonline.com/ujvp. Handling editor: Juliana Sterli
Taxonomy and phylogeny of the turtleTropidemys langiiRütimeyer, 1873, based on new specimens from the Kimmeridgian of the Swiss Jura Mountains
2014-03-01

ABSTRACT The fossil turtle Tropidemys langii is a representative of Plesiochelyidae, a traditionally recognized group of Late Jurassic turtles diagnosed by the presence of three cervical scutes and adapted to life in the sea. Tropidemys langii was previously only known from fossilized carapaces and, possibly, plastra from Europe, most notably the famous ‘Solothurn Turtle Limestone’ of Switzerland. Due to the sparse fossil record of Tropidemys langii, several questions concerning its taxonomy and phylogeny have remained unanswered. Here, new material of Tropidemys langii is reported from the Kimmeridgian of Porrentruy, Canton Jura, Switzerland. In addition to three well-preserved carapaces, associated plastra and limb bones (humerus and femur) are described for the first time. The type specimens of ‘Tropidemys valanginiensis’ and ‘Pelobatochelys blakii’ lack diagnostic characters, but can nevertheless be referred to Tropidemys. A potential extension of the lineage into the Early Cretaceous is uncertain, however, because the type locality of ‘Tropidemys valanginiensis’ is dubious. A cladistic analysis shows that Tropidemys langii is sister to Plesiochelys solodurensis, thereby tentatively confirming for the first time the monophyly of Plesiochelyidae using cladistic arguments. SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP
Blind Spots on Achilles’ Heel: The Limitations of Vulnerability and Resilience Mapping in Research
2014-03-01

The mapping of vulnerability and resilience has become an important tool for vulnerability and resilience research. By definition, maps are selective representations. However, the predominant methods of mapping also have constraints. When addressing vulnerability and resilience, these limitations, barriers, and blind spots have to be taken into account. Some aspects cannot be easily mapped, such as specific forms of knowledge and interpretation, the processuality of vulnerability and resilience, the dynamics of social processes, the context of origin, the establishment of contingent interpretations, and so on. These limitations are not only theoretically important, but also are practically significant, since maps themselves become dispositifs. They are regarded as representations of reality, shape particular interpretations of vulnerability and resilience, and are used as a basis for decision-making. If the unmapped preconditions of mapping remain unconsidered, this can lead to problematic side effects.
Disclosure Risk from Factor Scores
2014-03-01

Abstract Remote access can be a powerful tool for providing data access for external researchers. Since the microdata never leave the secure environment of the data-providing agency, alterations of the microdata can be kept to a minimum. Nevertheless, remote access is not free from risk. Many statistical analyses that do not seem to provide disclosive information at first sight can be used by sophisticated intruders to reveal sensitive information. For this reason the list of allowed queries is usually restricted in a remote setting. However, it is not always easy to identify problematic queries. We therefore strongly support the argument that has been made by other authors: that all queries should be monitored carefully and that any microlevel information should always be withheld. As an illustrative example, we use factor score analysis, for which the output of interest - the factor loading of the variables - seems to be unproblematic. However, as we show in the article, the individual factor scores that are usually returned as part of the output can be used to reveal sensitive information. Our empirical evaluations based on a German establishment survey emphasize that this risk is far from a purely theoretical problem.
Boundary Labeling Methods for Dynamic Focus Regions
2014-03-01

The display of data related to graphical objects on a map is a well studied problem in cartography and several approaches have been published. Adapting the idea of boundary labeling using a focus region, we face the problem of emphasizing additional information and labels for objects within a focus region even when the region might be moving. We propose four different approaches that support effective solutions in various ways, and discuss advantages and drawbacks. Our algorithms regard the dynamic nature of the focus region to place the labels and preserve the mental map of the analyzed drawing. We demonstrate our methods by applying them to biological networks.
A new species of Leiostracus from Bahia, Brazil (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orthalicidae)
2014-03-01

A remarkable new species of pulmonate snail was recently collected in a small Atlantic Rainforest fragment near the city of Canavieiras, state of Bahia, Brazil, an area known for a high diversity of land snails. It is described herein as Leiostracus fetidus sp. nov. and can be easily identified by its color pattern of irregular brown to black axial stripes on a white to yellow background, a reddish axial band "separating" the white peristome from the rest of the shell and a broad brown spiral band surrounding the umbilical region. Other diagnostic features include a relatively small size, a proto columellar fold and two very weak folds delimiting the basal region of the aperture. This discovery is a reminder of how little this fauna is known and also an alarm for proper conservation of these forest fragments.
Optimized hybrid verification of embedded software
2014-03-01

The verification of embedded software has become an important subject over the last years. However, neither standalone verification approaches, like simulation-based or formal verification, nor state-of-the-art hybrid/semiformal verification approaches are able to verify large and complex embedded software with hardware dependencies. This work presents an optimized scalable hybrid verification approach for the verification of embedded software with hardware dependencies using a mixed bottom-up/top-down algorithm with optimized static parameter assignment (SPA). These algorithms and methodologies like SPA and counterexample guided simulation are used to combine simulation-based and formal verification in a new way. SPA offers a way to interact between dynamic and static verification approaches based on an automated ranking heuristic of possible function parameters according to the impact on the model size. Furthermore, SPA inserts initialization code for specific function parameters into the source code under test and supports model building and optimization algorithms to reduce the state space. We have successfully applied this optimized hybrid verification methodology to an embedded software application: Motorola's Powerstone Benchmark suite. The results show that our approach scales better than stand-alone software model checkers to reach deep state spaces.
Modal verbs and modal constructions in Ladakhi
2014-03-01

Abstract The paper describes different types of modal expressions, particularly expressions of ability, in Ladakhi, a Tibetic language spoken in Ladakh, Jammu &amp; Kashmir, India. A special focus lies on the unexpected syntactic behaviour of complex modal verb constructions, where the semantics of both the modal verb and the event verb contribute to the realisation of surface case marking, so that the event verb can no longer be analysed as being a complement of the modal verb. This intertwined syntax appears to be the result of a compositional process. The observable variation in syntactic behaviour across dialects and idiolects further allows for reconstruction of the compositional process.