julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Cosmogenic Nuclides and Erosion at the Watershed Scale
2014-10-01

Research Article| October 01, 2014 Cosmogenic Nuclides and Erosion at the Watershed Scale Darryl E. Granger; Darryl E. Granger 1Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USAE-mail: dgranger@purdue.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Mirjam Schaller Mirjam Schaller 2Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen72074 Tübingen, GermanyE-mail: mirjam.schaller@uni-tuebingen.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Darryl E. Granger 1Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USAE-mail: dgranger@purdue.edu Mirjam Schaller 2Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen72074 Tübingen, GermanyE-mail: mirjam.schaller@uni-tuebingen.de Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1811-5217 Print ISSN: 1811-5209 © 2014 by the Mineralogical Society of America Elements (2014) 10 (5): 369–373. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.10.5.369 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Darryl E. Granger, Mirjam Schaller; Cosmogenic Nuclides and Erosion at the Watershed Scale. Elements 2014;; 10 (5): 369–373. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.10.5.369 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyElements Search Advanced Search Abstract Landscapes are sculpted by a variety of processes that weather and erode bedrock, converting it into soils and sediments that are moved downslope. Quantifying erosion rates provides important insights into a wide range of questions in disciplines from tectonics and landscape evolution to the impacts of land use. Cosmogenic nuclides contained in quartz sediment provide a robust tool for determining spatially averaged erosion rates across scales ranging from single hillslopes to continental river basins and are providing fundamental clues to how landscapes evolve. Cosmogenic nuclides in buried sediments contain unique information about paleo–erosion rates up to millions of years in the past. This article explores some of the basic ideas behind various methods used to infer catchment-wide erosion rates and highlights recent examples related to problems in tectonics, climate, and land use. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
The Effectiveness of Public-Sponsored Training Revisited: The Importance of Data and Methodological Choices
2014-10-01

This article revisits the effectiveness of public-sponsored training programs for Germany accounting for dynamic selection into heterogeneous programs. We carefully assess to what extent various aspects of our empirical strategy, such as conditioning flexibly on employment and benefit histories, the availability of rich data, handling of later program participations, and further methodological choices affect our estimates. Our results imply pronounced negative lock-in effects in the short run and positive medium-run effects on employment and earnings when job-seekers enroll after having been unemployed for some time. We find that data and specification issues can have a large effect.
Epistemological beliefs and therapeutic health concepts of physiotherapy students and professionals
2014-10-01

The specificities of personal EBs and therapeutic health concepts in different stages of health care training have so far been insufficiently considered in medical education research. The current study has aimed to shed light on the occurrence of these concepts in students as compared to professionals. We point out implications of our findings for educational practice and make suggestions for future research.
Central Nervous Insulin Administration Does Not Potentiate the Acute Glucoregulatory Impact of Concurrent Mild Hyperinsulinemia
2014-10-01

Experiments in rodents suggest that hypothalamic insulin signaling essentially contributes to the acute control of peripheral glucose homeostasis. Against this background, we investigated in healthy humans whether intranasal (IN) insulin, which is known to effectively reach the brain compartment, impacts systemic glucose metabolism. Twenty overnight-fasted healthy, normal-weight men were IN administered 210 and 420 international units [IU] (10 and 20 IU every 15 min) of the insulin analog aspart (ins-asp) and placebo, respectively, during experimental sessions lasting 6 h. The use of ins-asp rather than human insulin enabled us to disentangle exogenous and endogenous insulin kinetics. IN insulin dose-dependently decreased plasma glucose concentrations while reducing C-peptide and attenuating endogenous insulin levels. However, we also observed a slight dose-dependent permeation of ins-asp into the circulation. In control experiments mimicking the systemic but not the central nervous uptake of the IN 210 IU dose via intravenous infusion of ins-asp at a dose of 0.12 IU/kg/24 h (n = 10), we obtained essentially identical effects on fasting plasma glucose concentrations. This pattern indicates that sustained IN insulin administration to the human brain to enhance central nervous insulin signaling does not acutely alter systemic glucose homeostasis beyond effects accounted for by concurrent mild hyperinsulinemia.
Dynamic MR urography in children with uropathic disease with a combined 2D and 3D acquisition protocol—comparison with MAG3 scintigraphy
2014-10-01

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate combined two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) dynamic MR urography with respiratory compensation in children with anomalies of the genitourinary tract, allowing for computation of split renal function and assessment of urinary tract obstruction. Methods: Dynamic MR urography was performed in 53 children (3 months–16 years of age) with anomalies of the urinary tract. A protocol for dynamic MR urography and nephrography was implemented at 1.5 T using a navigator-triggered 2D TurboFLASH sequence. Split renal function and contrast-medium excretion were assessed after the bolus injection of 0.05 mmol kg−1 body weight of gadolinium dimeglumine. In the excretory phase, a 3D gradient-echo data set with high spatial resolution was acquired. In all patients, mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) scintigraphy was obtained as a reference standard. Results: In all children, dynamic MR nephrography and urography could be performed with excellent compensation of breathing artefacts providing region of interest analysis in nearly identical kidney positions. The assessment of contrast-medium excretion into the ureter allowed for discrimination of functional from non-functional stenosis. Split renal function assessed by MRI showed an excellent agreement with the MAG3 reference standard with a correlation coefficient r = 0.95. Additionally recorded 3D data sets offered good depiction of anatomical anomalies in all patients. Conclusion: The proposed protocol provides a robust technique for assessment of ureteral obstruction and split renal function with compensation of breathing artefacts, short post-processing time and excellent 3D spatial resolution. Advances in knowledge: The combined protocol of 2D and 3D MR urography is an efficient technique for assessment of renal morphology and function.
Homonymous Visual Field Loss and Its Impact on Visual Exploration: A Supermarket Study
2014-10-01

These findings provide new insights on gaze adaptations in patients with HVFDs during activities of daily living and will enhance the design and development of realistic examination tools for use in the clinical setting to improve daily functioning. (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01372319, NCT01372332).
Allaeochelys libyca, a New Carettochelyine Turtle from the Middle Miocene (Langhian) of Libya
2014-10-01

Fossil carettochelyine turtles are well known from the Paleogene of Europe (Allaeochelys), North America and Asia (Anosteira); however, the previously known Neogene fossil record is highly fragmentary and was therefore unsuitable for taxonomic analysis. In this work, we present a new carettochelyine taxon, Allaeochelys libyca, from the Middle Miocene (Langhian) of Gebel Zelten (Libya) based on an incomplete skull and disarticulated postcranial elements. The new taxon is diagnosed relative to the extant Carettochelys insculpta based on the placement of the foramen posterius canalis carotici interni close to the fenestra postotica, the horizontal orientation of the tubercula basioccipitalis, the substantial contribution of the opisthotic to the base of the tubercula basioccipitalis, the presence of a triangular pterygoid fossa, the arrangement of the mandibular condyles along a plane and the presence of an extremely well-developed fossa at the base of the processus mandibularis. A phylogenetic analysis of pancarettochelyids confirms the monophyly of Carettochelyidae and Carettochelyinae but resulted in a paraphyletic taxon, Allaeochelys. For the sake of nomenclatural stability, we provisionally retain the genus Allaeochelys as paraphyletic relative to the extant Carettochelys insculpta.
Ortho-positronium observation in the Double Chooz experiment
2014-10-01

The Double Chooz experiment measures the neutrino mixing angle θ13 by detecting reactor ̄νe via inverse beta decay. The positron-neutron space and time coincidence allows for a sizable background rejection, nonetheless liquid scintillator detectors would profit from a positron/electron discrimination, if feasible in large detector, to suppress the remaining background. Standard particle identification, based on particle dependent time profile of photon emission in liquid scintillator, can not be used given the identical mass of the two particles. However, the positron annihilation is sometimes delayed by the orthopositronium (o-Ps) metastable state formation, which induces a pulse shape distortion that could be used for positron identification. In this paper we report on the first observation of positronium formation in a large liquid scintillator detector based on pulse shape analysis of single events. The o-Ps formation fraction and its lifetime were measured, finding the values of 44 % ± 12 % (sys.) ± 5 % (stat.) and 3.68 ns ± 0.17 ns (sys.) ± 0.15 ns (stat.) respectively, in agreement with the results obtained with a dedicated positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy setup.
New Mono- and Bisdesmosidic Triterpene Glycosides from Pittosporum angustifolium Lodd
2014-10-01

Abstract Fifteen new mono- and bisdesmosidic triterpene saponins, named pittangretosides J, K, M, Q- Z, A 1 , and B 1 , along with three known compounds were isolated from the leaves of Pittosporum angustifolium. By spectroscopic, mass spectrometric and chemical evidence, their structures were established as glycosides of A 1 - and R 1 -barrigenol, barringtogenol C and camelliagenin A backbones
STELLaR - A case-study on SysTEmaticaLLy embedding a Traffic Light Recognition
2014-10-01

In this paper we present an embedded implementation of a Traffic Light Recognition (TLR) on a low-cost FPGA device with low memory usage.We follow a systematic approach where we thoroughly investigate computational hot-spots, and systematically partition the system into hardware and software components which we both optimize. Our implementation is evaluated using an actual FPGA board as Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL). In contrast to other approaches, we are not restricted to filled lights but also detect other types such as arrows, pedestrians or bicycle ones when provided with training data. With an average performance of 45 fps and minimum 12 fps with ~ 5 Watts of power consumption, our system shows real-time behavior even on high-definition video data with high comparable recognition rates while still obeying automotive constraints such as low power. As far as we know, we are the first ones presenting an embedded TLR solution.
Modeling perspective-taking upon observation of 3D biological motion
2014-10-01

It appears that the mirror neuron system plays a crucial role when learning by imitation. However, it remains unclear how mirror neuron properties develop in the first place. A likely prerequisite for developing mirror neurons may be the capability to transform observed motion into a sufficiently self-centered frame of reference. We propose an artificial neural network (NN) model that implements such a transformation capability by a highly embodied approach: The model first learns to correlate and predict self-induced motion patterns by associating egocentric visual and proprioceptive perceptions. Once these predictions are sufficiently accurate, a robust and invariant recognition of observed biological motion becomes possible by allowing a self-supervised, error-driven adaption of the visual frame of reference. The NN is a modified, dynamic, adaptive resonance model, which features self-supervised learning and adjustment, neural field normalization, and information-driven neural noise adaptation. The developed architecture is evaluated with a simulated 3D humanoid walker with 12 body landmarks and 10 angular DOF. The model essentially shows how an internal frame of reference adaptation for deriving the perspective of another person can be acquired by first learning about the own bodily motion dynamics and by then exploiting this self-knowledge upon the observation of other, relative, biological motion patterns. The insights gained by the model may have significant implications for the development of social capabilities and respective impairments.
Simulation and evaluation of sensor characteristics in vision based advanced driver assistance systems
2014-10-01

This paper presents a method for the simulation of images in the scope of virtual camera prototypes under the constraint of color correctness. This is a first step to gain a complete simulatable camera model that can be used to generate synthetic images using real data. Each real camera system has its own color processing characteristics. Real images recorded with a reference camera model can be computationally simulated as if they have been recorded with another real or virtual camera. The resulting images are transformed to underly the color characteristics of the targeted virtual camera system. Our approach can be used at the design phase of vision-based advance driver assistance systems to verify the exact behaviour under varying optical properties of the optical system and to test and evaluate the overall robustness of the system when color processing changes. It can as well lead to a decision basis for the selection of the hardware to be used. In this paper, we show how cameras can be calibrated and in a second step we evaluate the simulation errors. Finally, we apply our simulation to a traffic sign recognition algorithm and evaluate its behaviour in relation to ground truth data.
Sampling lattice and signal reconstruction in urodynamics
2014-10-01

Urethral pressure profilometry is a tool in the diagnosis of urinary incontinence. The pressure profile along the urethra is measured by a special catheter in order to asses the contraction strength of the sphincter muscle. However, the diagnostic value of pressure profilometry is limited. We seek to increase the diagnostic value by providing a detailed spatial reconstruction of the pressure profile on the surface of the urethra. Therefore, we investigate the sampling lattice (i.e., spatial sample distribution) and its properties with respect to signal reconstruction depending on the catheter's sensor configuration and retraction motion. A sampling lattice with beneficial properties for reconstruction is generated through downsampling and a coordinate transformation of the original samples. We investigate its stability properties and present a reconstruction algorithm for the two-dimensional pressure distribution. Simulation results for signal reconstruction and stability properties conclude this work.
Battery aging estimation for eco-driving strategy and electric vehicles sustainability
2014-10-01

This paper presents a real-time capable battery aging estimation to enhance state-of-the-art eco-driving concept with battery maintenance strategy for potentially advancing electric vehicles (EV) sustainability. This methodology focuses not only on estimating battery aging according to the input parameters during driving and resting period but also optimizing withdrawn battery power. This is derived from applied control strategy for state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) modeling. A systematic lithium-based battery model with temperature significance is established as the base of this methodology which is validated under actual operating conditions. The result indicates that eco-driving strategy is advanced by SoH in parallel with SoC estimation, also the optimization of withdrawn battery power might be further adapted to establish advanced driving range prediction. Particularly, the real-time implementation of this methodology might increase the awareness of EV drivers for preventing any accelerated battery aging.
A new [2H]‐labelled α‐trichloroimidate glucuronic ester for the synthesis of deuterated drug conjugates
2014-10-01

A new reaction pathway for the synthesis of a [ 2 H]‐labelled trichloroacetimidate precursor for the preparation of glucuronides is described. Therewith, stable isotope‐labelled drug glucuronides become accessible on a preparative scale, which can further be used as internal standards for quantitative analysis.
A concept for a novel surgical navigation system
2014-10-01

A new concept for surgical navigation in minimally-invasive interventions is presented, which allows an enhanced orientation of the surgeon with reduced cost and system complexity. The navigation system takes advantage of recorded image data, including the preoperatively computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) data, which are registered and segmented in order to obtain relevant biological markers, as well as the intraoperative camera data. A device for absolute positioning, included in the laparoscope and consisting of an acoustic indoor localization with a supporting inertial measurement unit (IMU), fuses these different navigation data for reliable 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) position and orientation estimation. With those navigation information of the laparoscope, the landmarks of the preoperative data are localized on the intraoperative camera images via augmented reality and thus the site of the relevant features (e. g., a carcinoma) is determined.
Arrayvolution—An overview of array systems to study bats and toothed whales
2014-10-01

Some echolocation signal parameters can be studied using a single receiver. However, studying parameters such as source level, directionality, and direction of signal emission require the use of multi-receiver arrays. Acoustic localization allows for determination of the position of echolocators at the time of signal emission, and when multiple animals are present, calls can be assigned to individuals based on their location. This combination makes large multi-receiver arrays a powerful tool. Here we present an overview of different array configurations used to study both toothed whales and bats, using a suite of systems ranging from semi-3D-minimum receiver number-number-arrays (3D-MINNAs), linear-2-D-over determined arrays (2D-ODAs), to 3-D-over-determined-arrays (3D-ODAs). We discuss approaches to process and summarize the usually large amounts of data. In some studies, the absolute position of an echolocator and not only relative to the array is crucial. Combining acoustic localizations from a source with geo-referenced receivers allows for determining geo-referenced movements of an echolocator. Combining these animal tracks with other geo-referenced data such as hydrographic parameters will allow new insights into habitat use.
Abstract 2547: Peripheral immune signatures and survival in stage IV melanoma
2014-10-01

Abstract The presence of peripheral T-cells recognizing the melanoma-associated antigens NY-ESO-1 or Melan-A, as well as low frequencies of circulating CD14+ HLA-DR-/low myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), is associated with prolonged survival in stage IV melanoma (n=94). In addition, the two of 12 patients with partial responses or stable disease in pilot studies of ipilimumab treatment both tended to have lower levels of MDSCs at baseline which decreased further on treatment. In contrast, two patients with progressive disease had high baseline MDSC levels, which increased further after treatment. These patients are being followed up to determine whether another mechanism of action of ipilimumab may be via an effect on MDSCs. A correlation was observed between the presence of antigen-reactive T cells and the frequency of MDSCs. Our results indicate that patients lacking antigen-reactive T cells had significantly higher levels of MDSCs. In addition, high frequencies of MDSCs correlated with lower frequencies of NY-ESO-1- and Melan-A-reactive T cells that also produced lower levels of IFN-gamma. NY-ESO-1 was recognized more frequently by CD4+ than by CD8+ T cells, whereas Melan-A more often stimulated CD8+ T cells. Possession of NY-ESO-1-reactive T cells conferred a survival advantage whether the response was mediated by CD4+ or CD8+ T cells or both. However, recognition of Melan-A by CD4+ T cells was associated with poorer clinical outcome even when the patient also possessed CD8+ reactive T cells. This negative effect was mediated by CD4+ T cells with a Th2- or Th17-type but not Th1-type cytokine response. Thus, tumor antigen-specificity and function of peripheral T cells and their interactions with MDSCs in advanced melanoma carries significant prognostic weight for predicting survival and may provide mechanistic insights into tumor immunosurveillance in such patients. Citation Format: Graham P. Pawelec, Alexander Martens, Claus Garbe, Benjamin Weide, Evelyna Derhovanessian, Dirk Schadendorf, Anna Maria Di Giacomo, Michele Maio, Jolanda de Vries, Henning Zelba. Peripheral immune signatures and survival in stage IV melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2547. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2547