julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
International consensus on post-transplantation diabetes mellitus
2024-01-03

ABSTRACT Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) remains a leading complication after solid organ transplantation. Previous international PTDM consensus meetings in 2003 and 2013 provided standardized frameworks to reduce heterogeneity in diagnosis, risk stratification and management. However, the last decade has seen significant advancements in our PTDM knowledge complemented by rapidly changing treatment algorithms for management of diabetes in the general population. In view of these developments, and to ensure reduced variation in clinical practice, a 3rd international PTDM Consensus Meeting was planned and held from 6–8 May 2022 in Vienna, Austria involving global delegates with PTDM expertise to update the previous reports. This update includes opinion statements concerning optimal diagnostic tools, recognition of prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance), new mechanistic insights, immunosuppression modification, evidence-based strategies to prevent PTDM, treatment hierarchy for incorporating novel glucose-lowering agents and suggestions for the future direction of PTDM research to address unmet needs. Due to the paucity of good quality evidence, consensus meeting participants agreed that making GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) recommendations would be flawed. Although kidney-allograft centric, we suggest that these opinion statements can be appraised by the transplantation community for implementation across different solid organ transplant cohorts. Acknowledging the paucity of published literature, this report reflects consensus expert opinion. Attaining evidence is desirable to ensure establishment of optimized care for any solid organ transplant recipient at risk of, or who develops, PTDM as we strive to improve long-term outcomes.
Tackling misinformation with games: a systematic literature review
2024-01-03

Misinformation and fake news are severe threats to society. The role of critical reading skills is crucial in the battle against misinformation. Despite the promising results of game-based interventions to mitigate the effects of misinformation, the corpus of research on games supporting critical reading skills needs an overview. Therefore, a systematic literature review was conducted to analyze how games have been used to tackle misinformation and reveal game design trends. A total of 15 papers eventually met the defined inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The review revealed that the use of games in critical reading education had emerged recently and focused mainly on fake news. Most games were grounded on inoculation theory and consequently designed to expose players to weakened doses of the misinformation manipulation techniques to build resistance against them. So far, the games have been studied mainly in informal settings and with adult participants. The median sample size was 196, and the median playing time was 15 min across the studies reported in the papers. Although all the reviewed papers reported positive outcomes, the game-based learning research on the critical reading domain is not yet mature enough to generalize findings.
Studying digital disconnection: A mapping review of empirical contributions to disconnection studies
2024-01-03

As digital connectivity continues to shape society, scholarly discourses have paid increasing attention to our desires to moderate our use of, or disconnection from, digital media. Digital disconnection is being studied from a plethora of different perspectives, all of which grapple with the challenge of understanding and studying how digital media users navigate pressures to disconnect and remain connected at the same time. We contribute to the growing literature on digital disconnection by taking stock of empirical studies on the topic through a mapping review. Drawing on 138 peer-reviewed articles, we report the different kinds of disconnection behaviors studied, the users sampled, and the methods used. Our findings indicate that, while there are various calls for the greater incorporation of intersectional and socioeconomically diverse perspectives on disconnection studies, thus far these facets remain comparatively under-researched. We also find two key methodological tendencies, one toward one-time data generation via interviews and surveys, the other toward studies that rely on participants’ temporary disconnection.
A comprehensive dataset of luminescence chronologies and environmental proxy indices of loess-paleosol deposits across Asia
2024-01-03

Abstract Loess-paleosol sequences have been used in Asia to study climate and environmental changes during the Quaternary. The scarcity of age control datasets and proxy indices analysis data for Asian loess has limited our understanding of loess depositional processes and the reconstruction of paleoclimatic changes from loess-paleosol records. In this study, we present a dataset that includes 1785 quartz optically stimulated luminescence ages and 1038 K-feldspar post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence ages from 128 loess-paleosol sequences located in different regions of Asia. We generate 38 high-resolution age-depth models of loess records based on the provided datasets. We provide data on 12,365 grain size records, 14,964 magnetic susceptibility records, 2204 CaCO 3 content records, and 3326 color reflection records. This dataset contains the most detailed and accurate chronologies and proxy index data for loess records in Asia yet published. It provides fundamental data for understanding the spatial-temporal variations in loess depositional processes and climatic changes across the continent during the mid-late Quaternary.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Neuropsychological Outcome After EC-IC Bypass Revascularization in Adult Patients With Moyamoya Disease
2024-01-03

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD) have an above-average incidence of neuropsychological impairment and psychiatric comorbidities such as depression. Prevalence and correlation with preoperative imaging findings were identified in previous studies, and a reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been shown. This study investigates changes in neuropsychological performance and HRQOL after revascularization. METHODS: Thirty-two adult patients with MMD (23 female, 9 male; mean age 39.1 year ±14.7) with revascularization were included in this retrospective cohort study, and their results of structured neuropsychological testing were analyzed preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Sensorimotor deficits assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale were considered to be possible confounders. RESULTS: Patients with preoperatively poor test results showed improvement in various items such as psychological well-being (95% CI [0.55-2.25], P = .002), vitality (95% CI [0.23-1.68], P = .007), general health perception (95% CI [0.09-1.44], P = .014), psychoticism (95% CI [−12.24 to −4.85], P &lt; .001), and psychomotor processing speed (95% CI [0.10-1.14], P = .010), whereas the intensity of depression fell by a mean of 6.9 points (95% CI [−10.14 to −3.61], P &lt; .001). For patients without preoperative neuropsychological or HRQOL deterioration, preservation of these functions without relevant worsening after revascularization was observed. Significant improvement in vitality, psychological well-being, psychoticism, psychomotor processing speed, and depression were also seen in patients with unchanged National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. CONCLUSION: Chronic steno-occlusive cerebral hypoperfusion in patients with MMD not only may lead to neurological deficits but is also associated with neuropsychological impairment, reduced HRQOL, and increased depression. The results of this study show that patients with preoperative neuropsychological deterioration might benefit from revascularization surgery, whereas patients without preoperative impairment continue to remain stable postoperatively. Neuropsychological assessment should be routinely evaluated and considered a relevant variable when determining treatment for patients with MMD.
AZU1: a new promising marker for infection in orthopedic and trauma patients?
2024-01-03

Early and reliable detection of infection is vital for successful treatment. Serum markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) are known to increase with a time lag. Azurocidin 1 (AZU1) has emerged as a promising marker for septic patients, but its diagnostic value in orthopedic and trauma patients remains unexplored. Between July 2020 and August 2023, all patients necessitating inpatient treatment for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), peri-implant infection (II), soft tissue infection, chronic osteomyelitis, septic arthrodesis, bone non-union with and without infection were enrolled. Patients undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA) served as the control group. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for CRP, white blood cell count (WBC), PCT, and AZU1. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria 222 patients were included in the study (trauma = 38, soft tissue infection = 75, TJA = 33, PJI/II = 39, others = 37). While sensitivity and specificity were comparably high for AZU1 (0.734/0.833), CRP and PCT had higher specificity (0.542/1 and 0.431/1, respectively), and WBC a slightly higher sensitivity (0.814/0.455) for septic conditions. Taken together, the area under the curve (AUC) showed the highest accuracy for AZU1 (0.790), followed by CRP (0.776), WBC (0.641), and PCT (0.656). The Youden-Index was 0.57 for AZU1, 0.54 for CRP, 0.27 for WBC, and 0.43 for PCT. Elevated AZU1 levels effectively distinguished patients with a healthy condition from those suffering from infection. However, there is evidence suggesting that trauma may influence the release of AZU1. Additional research is needed to validate the diagnostic value of this new biomarker and further explore its potential clinical applications.
ENABLE: App-based digital capture and intervention of patientreported quality of life, adverse events, and treatment satisfaction in breast cancer - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
2024-01-03

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background:</bold> In recent years, the treatment of breast cancer has taken the path towards personalized medicine. Based on individual tumor biology, therapy tailored to the particular subtype of cancer is increasingly being used. The aim is to find the most suitable therapy for the disease. However, the success of therapy depends to a large extent on the patient's adherence to treatment. This, in turn, depends on how the therapy is tolerated and how the treatment team cares for the patient. Patient-centered care seeks to identify and address the individual needs of each patient and to find the best form of care for that person. <bold>Objectives:</bold> In order to improve comprehensive oncological care of breast cancer patients, the ENABLE trial digitally records the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), adverse events (AEs), and patient satisfaction using a mobile smartphone application (app), responds individually to reported AEs, and offers assistance. <bold>Methods:</bold> Breast cancer patients are eligible to participate in the study before neoadjuvant, adjuvant, post-neoadjuvant, or palliative systemic therapy against breast cancer is initiated at Heidelberg, Mannheim and Tuebingen university hospitals. After 1:1 randomization into an intervention and a control arm, HRQoL assessments are performed at six fixed time points during the therapy using validated questionnaires. In the intervention group, HRQoL is also assessed briefly every week using a visual analog scale (EQ-VAS). In cases of significant deterioration, therapy-associated side effects are assessed in a graduated manner, recommendations are sent to the patient, and the treatment team is informed. Additionally, the app serves as an "eHealth companion" for education, training, and organizational support during therapy. <bold>Results:</bold> Recruitment started in March 2021; last visit is expected Q1 2024. <bold>Conclusions:</bold> Participation in the intervention arm is expected to improve treatment satisfaction, adherence, detection, and timely treatment of critical AEs. The close-meshed, weekly, brief QoL assessment will also be tested as a screening tool to detect relevant side effects during therapy. The study offers a more objective QoL assessment across treatment strategies. <bold>Trial registration:</bold> DRKS (German Clinical Trials Register)-ID: DRKS00025611 Ethical approval: S-658/2020
Frequencies of activated T cell populations increase in breast milk of HCMV-seropositive mothers during local HCMV reactivation
2024-01-03

Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can reactivate in the mammary gland during lactation and is shed into breast milk of nearly every HCMV-IgG-seropositive mother of a preterm infant. Dynamics of breast milk leukocytes during lactation, as well as blood leukocytes and the comparison between both in the context of HCMV reactivation is not well understood. Methods Here, we present the BlooMil study that aimed at comparing changes of immune cells in blood and breast milk from HCMV-seropositive- vs -seronegative mothers, collected at four time ranges up to two months post-partum. Viral load was monitored by qPCR and nested PCR. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to identify leukocyte subsets. Results CD3 + T cell frequencies were found to increase rapidly in HCMV-seropositive mothers’ milk, while they remained unchanged in matched blood samples, and in both blood and breast milk of HCMV-seronegatives. The activation marker HLA-DR was more strongly expressed on CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in all breast milk samples than matched blood samples, but HCMV-seropositive mothers displayed a significant increase of HLA-DR + CD4 + and HLA-DR + CD8 + T cells during lactation. The CD4 + /CD8 + T cell ratio was lower in breast milk of HCMV-seropositive mothers than in the blood. HCMV-specific CD8 + T cell frequencies (recognizing pp65 or IE1) were elevated in breast milk relative to blood, which might be due to clonal expansion of these cells during local HCMV reactivation. Breast milk contained very low frequencies of naïve T cells with no significant differences depending on serostatus. Conclusion Taken together, we conclude that the distribution of breast milk leukocyte populations is different from blood leukocytes and may contribute to the decrease of breast milk viral load in the late phase of HCMV reactivation in the mammary gland.
Diatopic variation as evidence for diachronic changes in the 20th and 21st centuries
2024-01-03

Abstract In Latin American varieties of Spanish there is a series of pragmatic markers that fulfil similar functions. Tipo , onda and como are mitigators, but they also express approximation, exemplification, focalisation, discourse structuring and quotation. Pragmatic functions arise in the 20th century, although approximating como goes back to Old Spanish. Corpus data, metalinguistic comments and cross-linguistic observations point to the countercultures of the 20th century as a probable trigger leading to pragmaticalisation. We propose a comparative study of acceptability judgements of the three markers in their Argentinian and Mexican varieties, contributing to a semantic map showing different stages of pragmaticalisation which, combined with other data, offers insights into diachronic processes that emerged in the 20th century.
Monsoon-driven changes in aeolian and fluvial sediment input to the central Red Sea recorded throughout the last 200 000 years
2024-01-03

Abstract. Climatic and associated hydrological changes controlled the transport processes and composition of the sediments in the central Red Sea during the last ca. 200 kyr. Three different source areas for mineral dust are identified. The dominant source is located in the eastern Sahara (Sudan and southernmost Egypt). We identify its imprint on Red Sea sediments by high smectite and Ti contents, low 87Sr / 86Sr, and high εNd. The availability of deflatable sediments was controlled by the intensity of tropical rainfall and vegetation cover over North Africa linked to the African monsoon. Intense dust input to the Red Sea occurred during arid phases, and low input occurred during humid phases. A second, less significant source indicated by palygorskite input is probably located on the eastern Arabian Peninsula and/or Mesopotamia, while the presence of kaolinite suggests an additional minor dust source in northern Egypt. Our grain size data reflect episodes of fluvial sediment discharge to the central Red Sea and document the variable strength in response to all of the precession-paced insolation maxima during our study interval including both those that were strong enough to trigger sapropel formation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and those that were not. The African humid period most strongly expressed in our Red Sea record was the one during the Eemian last interglacial at ca. 125 ka (when the Baraka River was far more active than today), followed by those at 198, 108, 84, and 6 ka.
Supporting material for West African Monsoon dynamics and its control on stable oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation in the Late Cenozoic
2024-01-03

&lt;p&gt;Post-processed model outputs of the Late Cenozoic climate experiments with the isotope-enabled GCM ECHAM5-wiso. The files contain the long-term monthly means of the 6-hour model outputs for the relevant climate variables for the Present-day (PD), Pre-Industrial (PI), Mid-Holocene (MH), Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and Mid-Pliocene (PLIO) boundary conditions.&lt;/p&gt;
Dataset for "The relevance of structural variability in the time-domain for computational reflection anisotropy spectroscopy at solid-liquid interfaces"
2024-01-03

Molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories from CP2k used in the article "The relevance of structural variability in the time-domain for computational reflection anisotropy spectroscopy at solid-liquid interfaces", published in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter.
Regional spread of an atypical ESBL-producing Escherichia coli ST131H89 clone among different human and environmental reservoirs in Western Switzerland
2024-01-03

ABSTRACT We describe the inter-regional spread of a novel ESBL-producing Escherichia coli subclone (ST131H89) in long-term care facility residents, general population, and environmental water sources in Western Switzerland between 2017 and 2020. The study highlights the importance of molecular surveillance for tracking emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogens in healthcare and community settings.
Supporting material for West African Monsoon dynamics and its control on stable oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation in the Late Cenozoic
2024-01-03

Post-processed model outputs of the Late Cenozoic climate experiments with the isotope-enabled GCM ECHAM5-wiso. The files contain the long-term monthly means of the 6-hour model outputs for the relevant climate variables for the Present-day (PD), Pre-Industrial (PI), Mid-Holocene (MH), Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and Mid-Pliocene (PLIO) boundary conditions.
Dataset for "The relevance of structural variability in the time-domain for computational reflection anisotropy spectroscopy at solid-liquid interfaces"
2024-01-03

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories from CP2k used in the article "The relevance of structural variability in the time-domain for computational reflection anisotropy spectroscopy at solid-liquid interfaces", published in &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Task performance errors and rewards affect voluntary task choices
2024-01-04

Abstract Humans are remarkably flexible in adapting their behavior to current demands. It has been suggested that the decision which of multiple tasks to perform is based on a variety of factors pertaining to the rewards associated with each task as well as task performance (e.g., error rates associated with each task and/or error commission on the previous trial). However, further empirical investigation is needed to examine whether task performance still influences task choices if task choices are rewarded but task performance is not. Accordingly, we exposed participants to a novel reward-varying voluntary task switching paradigm where the reward for the performed task gradually decreased while the reward associated for the alternative task was unchanged. Importantly, we rewarded participants’ task choices before participants performed the task to investigate the effect of rewards independent from task performance. We examined the effect of (i) reward, (ii) error rates associated with each of the two tasks, and (iii) error commission in the previous trial on voluntary task choices. As expected, we found that participants’ task selection was influenced by reward differences between task choices. In addition, error rates associated with a task also influenced task selection, with participants requiring larger reward differences to switch to a task associated with relatively higher error rates, compared to switching to a task with relatively lower error rates. However, errors in n − 1 did not influence participants’ probability to switch to the alternative task. These findings contribute to an ongoing discussion on the influence of task performance on task selection.
Cyclophilin A is a ligand for RAGE in thrombo-inflammation
2024-01-04

Abstract Aims Cyclophilin A (CyPA) induces leucocyte recruitment and platelet activation upon release into the extracellular space. Extracellular CyPA therefore plays a critical role in immuno-inflammatory responses in tissue injury and thrombosis upon platelet activation. To date, CD147 (EMMPRIN) has been described as the primary receptor mediating extracellular effects of CyPA in platelets and leucocytes. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) shares inflammatory and prothrombotic properties and has also been found to have similar ligands as CD147. In this study, we investigated the role of RAGE as a previously unknown interaction partner for CyPA. Methods and results Confocal imaging, proximity ligation, co-immunoprecipitation, and atomic force microscopy were performed and demonstrated an interaction of CyPA with RAGE on the cell surface. Static and dynamic cell adhesion and chemotaxis assays towards extracellular CyPA using human leucocytes and leucocytes from RAGE-deficient Ager−/− mice were conducted. Inhibition of RAGE abrogated CyPA-induced effects on leucocyte adhesion and chemotaxis in vitro. Accordingly, Ager−/− mice showed reduced leucocyte recruitment and endothelial adhesion towards CyPA in vivo. In wild-type mice, we observed a downregulation of RAGE on leucocytes when endogenous extracellular CyPA was reduced. We furthermore evaluated the role of RAGE for platelet activation and thrombus formation upon CyPA stimulation. CyPA-induced activation of platelets was found to be dependent on RAGE, as inhibition of RAGE, as well as platelets from Ager−/− mice showed a diminished activation and thrombus formation upon CyPA stimulation. CyPA-induced signalling through RAGE was found to involve central signalling pathways including the adaptor protein MyD88, intracellular Ca2+ signalling, and NF-κB activation. Conclusion We propose RAGE as a hitherto unknown receptor for CyPA mediating leucocyte as well as platelet activation. The CyPA–RAGE interaction thus represents a novel mechanism in thrombo-inflammation.