julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Performance Assessments in U15 Female Soccer: The Predictive Validity for Different Selection Levels in U17 and Success in Adulthood
2025-06-26

ABSTRACT Female players have largely been neglected in soccer‐specific talent research. Particularly, prospective studies examining the predictive validity of multidimensional performance factors for different selection levels—especially players' success in adulthood—remain scarce. This prospective cohort study investigated the predictive validity of multidimensional performance factors for the future success of U15 female players ( N = 264) participating in the German Football Association's Talent Development program. All players' kicking, tactical, and psychosocial skills, as well as endurance capacity, were evaluated subjectively. They also completed five objective motor tests (sprint, agility [CODS], dribbling, ball control, and juggling). Players' future success was based on their selection for the U17 Bundesliga (43.6% selection rate), U17 Youth National Team (6.4%), and Women's Bundesliga (i.e., professional level in adulthood; 6.1%). Univariate analyses examined performance differences in each predictor between selected and nonselected players. Multivariate analyses determined whether objective predictors, subjective predictors, or a combination thereof offered the best prediction. Univariate results indicate the predictive validity of both assessments, revealing a trend toward larger effect sizes for higher selection levels and differences in predictor relevance. Multivariate models showed that adding subjective to objective predictors led to an increase in explained variance for participation in the U17 Bundesliga (Nagelkerke's R 2 = 16%) and Women's Bundesliga (31%), but not U17 Youth National Team (18%). Sprint performance reached significance across models, whereas the sole significant subjective predictor was tactical skills regarding participation in the Women's Bundesliga. Overall, these findings support the practical value of both assessments, which can likely be increased further via more distinct coach ratings.
Reactive temperament and self-regulation in preschool: Unique constellations impacting psychopathology
2025-06-26

Reactive temperament traits, such as negative affect and surgency, interact with self-regulatory abilities, including effortful control and executive function, to shape psychopathological symptoms. In a cross-sectional sample of 416 preschool children (<i>M</i>-age = 4.15 years; <i>SD</i> = 0.88; 218 girls), temperament was assessed using the Child Behavior Questionnaire, executive function deficits with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool, performance-based EF with the EF-Touch battery, and psychopathological symptoms with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Moderation analyses revealed no significant interaction effects. However, hierarchical regression analyses conducted separately by age showed age-specific patterns. Reactive traits (Negative Affect, Surgency) were particularly associated with symptoms at age 3, while executive dysfunction became more relevant at ages 4 and 5. Negative affect was most relevant for emotional symptoms in older children, while Surgency predicted ADHD and early conduct problem. Peer problems were least associated with temperament and showed increasing ties to executive dysfunction. The strongest effects were observed for ADHD (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.61), followed by emotional symptoms (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.45). These findings highlight the importance of considering temperament and self-regulation in combination and in relation to specific symptom domains. This supports dimensional, domain-sensitive models of psychopathology and has implications for individualized prevention and intervention.
Predicting Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients Before Elective Surgery: Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
2025-06-26

Abstract Background Elective surgeries for older adults are increasing. Machine learning could enhance risk assessment, influencing surgical planning and postoperative care. Preoperative cognitive assessment may facilitate early detection and management of postoperative delirium (POD). Objective This study aims to assess machine learning models' predictive ability for POD, focusing on the added predictive value of the neuropsychological assessments before elective surgery. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the multicenter PAWEL (Patient safety, Efficiency and Life quality in elective surgery) and PAWEL-R (risk) studies, encompassing older patients (≥70 y) undergoing elective surgeries from July 2017 to April 2019. A total of 1624 patients (52.3% male, N=850; age: mean 77.9, SD 4.9 years) were included, with a POD diagnosis made before discharge. Sociodemographic, clinical, surgical, and neuropsychological features were collected pre- and intraoperatively by care providers. Machine learning models’ performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), with permutation testing for significance, and Shapley Additive Explanations to identify effective neuropsychological assessments. Results Predicting POD before surgery with a random forest model achieved an AUC of 0.760. Incorporating all pre- and intraoperative features into the model yielded a slightly higher AUC of 0.783, with no statistically significant difference observed ( P =.24). While cognitive factors alone were not strong predictors (AUC=0.617), specific tests within neuropsychological assessments, such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Trail Making Tests, showed high feature attribution and played a crucial role in further enhancing prediction before surgery. Conclusions Preoperative risk prediction for POD can increase risk awareness in presurgical assessment and improve perioperative management in older patients at a high risk for delirium.
Primary Reconstruction of Extended Multifragmented Skull Fracture: Case Report and Technical Note
2025-06-26

Background and Clinical Significance: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major public health concern due to its profound neurological, psychological, and socioeconomic consequences. Effective management is essential to optimize patient outcomes and reduce healthcare burden. In cases involving extensive bone loss or complex fractures, particularly when decompressive craniectomy (DC) is considered, secondary cranial reconstruction is typically required. However, DC is associated with prolonged hospitalization, multiple surgical interventions, an increased risk of complications, and higher costs. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 59-year-old male involved in a high-energy bicycle accident, sustaining severe craniofacial trauma with multiple midface fractures, a multifragmented left cranial fracture, and a left-sided epidural hematoma with brain compression. Hematoma evacuation and immediate primary reconstruction of the fractured skull using autologous bone were successfully performed, avoiding the need for DC. The patient recovered under intensive care and was transferred to a neurorehabilitation center. Conclusions: Primary reconstruction of large skull fractures using autologous bone should remain the goal, whenever possible, in order to avoid additional costs, risks, and complications.
Gender balance and inclusivity lie in the organizers’ hands: insights from organizing the 7th International Induced Polarization Workshop
2025-06-26

SUMMARY Our viewpoint highlights the challenges faced by women in the Induced Polarization (IP) community (and elsewhere), particularly the persistent gender imbalance in scientific workshops. This underrepresentation in leadership roles, presentations and discussions reflects broader systemic biases in academia. By sharing the experience of the 7th IP workshop, where the organizing team made deliberate efforts to prioritize gender and diversity in organizing committees, recruitment and session formats, we demonstrate how intentional actions can create a more inclusive, gender-balanced environment. This approach is crucial not only for the IP community but for all research communities. Emphasizing diversity and inclusion fosters a welcoming atmosphere that encourages participation from all individuals, regardless their background. In turn, this enriches the research process by incorporating diverse perspectives, driving innovation and improving scientific outcomes. We aim to inspire other academic communities to actively promote diversity and inclusivity, recognizing that such efforts not only benefit underrepresented groups but elevate the success and relevance of science as a whole.
Effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on platelet function
2025-06-26

Phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDEs) play a pivotal role in regulating platelet activity by modulating intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP. Modulation of PDE-2, -3 and -5 activity by suitable inhibitors has been found to reduce platelet activity, and thus thrombus formation. Our aim was to study Ibudilast effects on platelet activation, degranulation and aggregation. Therefore, we used the nonspecific PDE inhibitors IBMX as well as the PDE-5 inhibitor Sildenafil as controls. Platelet agonists collagen-related peptide (CRP-A), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin receptor activator peptide (TRAP6) were used to induce distinct activation pathways. PDE inhibition was quantified by western blot analysis. Platelet activity was assessed using flow cytometry, light transmission aggregometry and in vitro thrombus formation. Inhibition of all platelet PDEs by IBMX substantially reduced platelet activation and aggregation in response to all tested platelet agonists. Ibudilast preferentially inhibits PDE-3 in platelets. Ibudilast decreased platelet activation and aggregation induced by ADP and TRAP, but not CRP-A. Sildenafil alone induced no reduction in PDE activity, platelet activation or aggregation. However, the combination of Sildenafil and Ibudilast had an additive effect on platelet activation. Interestingly, all tested PDE inhibitors demonstrated a significant effect on platelet-dependent thrombus formation. In conclusion, the effect of PDE inhibitors on platelet function is influenced by two primary factors: the pharmacological target of the inhibitor and the cAMP/cGMP interaction with the activation pathways induced. Platelet activation by ADP via P<sub>2</sub>Y<sub>12</sub> and TRAP via PAR1 showed a greater response to PDE inhibitors than platelet activation by CRP via GPVI.
Baseline characteristics of patients with acute ischaemic stroke included in the randomised controlled Find-AF 2 trial
2025-06-26

Abstract Background In the Find-AF 2 randomised controlled trial, we investigate whether a risk-adapted intensified heart rhythm monitoring with subsequent initiation of oral anticoagulation in ischaemic stroke patients leads to a reduction of recurrent ischaemic stroke and systemic embolism. The objective of this analysis is to present baseline characteristics of the overall Find-AF 2 study population and stratified by low or high risk for developing AF. Methods The Find-AF 2 trial included acute ischaemic stroke patients ≥ 60 years of age within 30 days of ischaemic stroke of any cause. Before randomisation, patients received a 24-h Holter-ECG to exclude those with easily detectable AF and to determine the presence or absence of enhanced supraventricular ectopic activity (ESVEA), used as a marker indicating high or low risk for developing AF. Those without AF were randomly assigned 1:1 to either usual care diagnostics for AF detection (control group) or enhanced, prolonged and intensified ECG monitoring (intervention group). In the intervention group, patients with ESVEA received an implantable cardiac monitor (ICM), whereas those without ESVEA received repeated annual 7-day Holter ECGs. We present baseline characteristics of the overall Find-AF 2 population and stratified by ESVEA. Results Between July 2020 and July 2024, 5227 patients (mean age 72.3 ± 7.5 years, 40% female, 2618 intervention group, 2609 control group) were randomised from 52 study centres in Germany within a median of 5 (IQR 3–7) days after the index stroke. The most frequent stroke aetiologies were cryptogenic (60%) and small vessel occlusion (19%). 1152 (22%) patients were at high risk for developing AF and 4075 (78%) at low risk. Patients within the high-risk stratum were significantly older (mean age 75.2 versus 71.5 years, p &lt; 0.001), more often had moderate to severe stroke (34% versus 30%, p &lt; 0.001), non-lacunar (70% versus 64%, p &lt; 0.001) and of cryptogenic aetiology (64% vs 58%, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions The Find-AF 2 trial has successfully completed recruitment of a large acute ischaemic stroke population with different stroke subtypes. The follow-up is ongoing and results are expected within two years. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT04371055, registered 24 April 2020.
Choosing to avoid: The evaluative impact of autonomous selection of approach and avoidance behaviors.
2025-06-26

Much of everyday learning affords us autonomy over the information we learn about, but evaluative learning research often strips participants of this autonomy. The present research assesses the effects of autonomy in the form of sampling decisions in the traditionally passive approach-avoidance (AA) training. In three experiments, participants completed an AA task, in which half of the participants were given genuine autonomy over how frequently they interacted with each stimulus, and the other half were yoked to engage in the AA behaviors of a high-autonomy participant. In all conditions, we found that people positively shifted their evaluations toward approached stimuli and negatively shifted their evaluations toward avoided stimuli. We also found that people used their sampling decisions to inform their attitudes about stimuli. In Experiment 1, sampling decisions were explicitly linked to the AA behaviors, and an increased number of interactions strengthened the AA effect among high-autonomy participants. In Experiment 2, participants first sampled stimuli and then approached or avoided them; here, an increased number of interactions predicted a positive shift in evaluation among high-autonomy participants, regardless of AA behaviors. Experiment 3 replicated both patterns of effects by randomly assigning high-autonomy participants to a version of the task that framed sampling decisions as AA at the time of sampling (as in Experiment 1) or separated sampling and AA into two steps (as in Experiment 2). Thus, we demonstrate that sampling decisions can positively impact evaluations, but the effect is sensitive to how those decisions are framed at the time of sampling. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Contingency awareness and fear conditioning: A comprehensive examination of associated factors.
2025-06-26

A long-standing debate in the psychology of learning and memory is whether contingency awareness-explicit recognition of the relationship between conditioned stimuli and unconditioned stimuli-is a prerequisite for fear acquisition in humans. In an extensive participant pool (<i>N</i> = 895), we systematically investigated the impact of manipulating core experimental parameters and individual differences that may moderate contingency awareness. Key parameters included the presence of online expectancy or fear ratings, engagement in concurrent tasks, sensory modalities of conditioned stimuli and unconditioned stimuli, and type of instruction. These manipulations strongly influenced the proportion of participants who acquired contingency awareness, ranging between 47% and 96%, with only aware participants exhibiting conditioned responses. We confirm that contingency awareness is necessary for human fear conditioning and highlight the parameters that experimenters can use to ensure learning. Individual differences in age, personality traits, and working memory capacity did not contribute to the probability of becoming contingency aware. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Anatomy learning profiles in relation to student motivation and academic success: A multi‐center cross‐sectional study
2025-06-27

Abstract Learning strategies encompass the diverse approaches students employ to master challenging subjects like anatomy. However, research examining these strategies in isolation remains inconclusive. Recent evidence suggests a shift toward a person‐centered paradigm that considers how student subgroups combine multiple learning strategies. This study advances this paradigm and identifies Anatomy Learning Profiles (ALPs) among 567 medical and dental students across six medical faculties by analyzing 13 self‐reported cognitive, metacognitive, and resource management strategies using the LIST‐K questionnaire. A latent profile analysis confirmed the existence of four ALPs among the study population: Active (26%), Collaborative (20%), Structured (39%), and Passive (15%). Each profile represented a unique combination of 13 learning strategies and was significantly shaped by individual and institutional factors. For example, students further along in their training were more likely to exhibit traits of the Collaborative ALP and less of the Structured ALP. Female and younger students predominantly adopted Structured profiles, while older students favored the Active profile. Moreover, students in modular curricula showed higher rates of Collaborative profiles, while traditional curricula fostered Structured profile membership. Importantly, Active and Collaborative ALP students outperformed the Structured and Passive ALPs, and Active ALP students demonstrated the highest motivation levels. Yet, despite lower motivation levels, Collaborative ALP students achieved comparable academic success, indicating that studying with peers may compensate for lower individual motivation. These findings contribute to understanding students' learning strategies and may provide a holistic basis for educational interventions in anatomy education that align with students' combined learning behaviors.
Human attention-guided visual perception is governed by rhythmic oscillations and aperiodic timescales
2025-06-27

Attention samples visual space sequentially to enhance behaviorally relevant sensory representations. While traditionally conceptualized as a static continuous spotlight, contemporary models of attention highlight its discrete nature. But which neural mechanisms govern the temporally precise allocation of attention? Periodic brain activity as exemplified by neuronal oscillations as well as aperiodic temporal structure in the form of intrinsic neural timescales have been proposed to orchestrate the attentional sampling process in space and time. However, both mechanisms have been largely studied in isolation. To date, it remains unclear whether periodic and aperiodic temporal structure reflect distinct neural mechanisms. Here, we combined computational simulations with a multimodal approach encompassing five experiments, and three different variants of classic spatial attention paradigms, to differentiate aperiodic from oscillatory-based sampling. Converging evidence across behavior as well as scalp and intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) revealed that periodic and aperiodic temporal regularities can theoretically and experimentally be distinguished. Our results extend the rhythmic sampling framework of attention by demonstrating that aperiodic neural timescales predict behavior in a spatially-, context-, and demand-dependent manner. Aperiodic timescales increased from sensory to association cortex, decreased during sensory processing or action execution, and were prolonged with increasing behavioral demands. These results reveal that multiple, concurrent temporal regularities govern attentional sampling.
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
2025-06-27

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by disease-causing variants in the gene coding for arylsulfatase A, leading to deficient enzyme activity and subsequent accumulation of sulfatides. MLD is characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system, manifesting as progressive motor and cognitive defects in affected individuals. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the significant progress made in MLD research in the past decade, regarding natural history, disease and treatment mechanisms, and newborn screening (NBS). Traditionally, MLD has been classified according to age at onset (late-infantile, early-juvenile and late-juvenile, and adult MLD), with earlier forms leading to more rapid neurologic decline. New data show that the type of presenting symptoms further influences the dynamic of disease progression. Patients with a cognitive presentation have a much slower or even no motor decline than patients with a mixed motor and cognitive presentation. Research advancements have enabled improved understanding of the effects of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the development of novel therapeutic approaches, including hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy, which is now authorized in the EU, United Kingdom, and United States as treatment for selected patients with early-onset forms of MLD. Both hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy are most effective when administered before disease onset. To identify presymptomatic patients, NBS for MLD is becoming available in several countries, resulting in new challenges. Decisions regarding patient eligibility for these treatments in already symptomatic individuals, as well as the timing of treatment for patients identified through NBS, require thorough understanding of disease progression. Biomarkers may be helpful for disease staging and prediction of disease evolution. Moreover, apart from timing, challenges remain regarding optimal treatment strategies across MLD subtypes, especially late-onset MLD, and management of the clinical heterogeneity and course of the disease. Another important issue is ensuring therapy accessibility, which forms a substantial barrier for equitable care. Continued research and international collaboration are essential to address these challenges, with the goal of improving care and outcomes for patients with MLD and their families.
Enhancing Direct Solar Water Splitting via ALD of Multifunctional TiO2/Pt Nanoparticle Coatings With Engineered Interfaces to GaAs/GaInP Tandem Cells
2025-06-27

Abstract Direct solar water splitting is a promising approach for sustainably producing hydrogen, but significant materials challenges must be overcome to achieve high efficiency and long‐term stability. This work demonstrates a tailored interface treatment combined with multifunctional surface coatings that significantly enhance the efficiency and lifetime of GaAs/GaInP tandem cells capable of unassisted solar water splitting. In particular, it is shown that exposure of the top AlInP window layer to a remote H 2 plasma effectively reduces the interfacial oxide, enhancing charge extraction and maximizing the available photovoltage. Subsequent atomic layer deposition (ALD) of a bilayer coating comprising a TiO 2 corrosion protection layer and Pt nanoparticles enhances the durability of the device, enables efficient electron extraction, and provides high catalytic activity. By tuning the Pt ALD process, a nanoparticulate morphology is achieved, ensuring high catalytic activity at low loading, thus minimizing parasitic light absorption and improving adhesion. The optimized dual‐junction photoelectrode achieves an initial maximum solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of 17.1%, stabilizing at 16.2% for 170 min of continuous operation. Importantly, the tailored interfaces of the device result in a considerable photovoltage surplus, providing a route to systems offering higher STH efficiencies or for integration of Group III‐V semiconductor‐on‐Si tandems.