julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Minimizing Preoperative and Postoperative Limping in Patients After Total Hip Arthroplasty
2013-06-05

Hip extensor and flexor muscle strength and endurance seem to be relevant for minimizing postoperative limping in patients after total hip arthroplasty. Rehabilitation programs should include exercises aimed at improving hip extensor and flexor strength and endurance to improve gait function.
Retinal Vessel Leakage at High Altitude
2013-06-05

should be distinguished from rationing and that parsimony is a virtue to which all physicians should strive in the practice of medicine. 2owever, we disagree with the statement in the article that "Both parsimonious medicine and rationing aim to reduce resource use."The aim of medical parsimony is to provide the care necessary for the patient's good, not to reduce resource use (although it may in addition preserve resources 3 )-a difference in intention that helps form the foundation for the ethical distinction between parsimonious medicine and rationing.We suspect Tilburt and Cassel might agree because they note the role of beneficence and nonmaleficence in underpinning parsimony.But language is important, and in this case it should not confuse a well-developed rationale for parsimony in medical practice.
Impact of Acute Exposure to High Altitude on Anterior Chamber Geometry
2013-06-05

Significant stromal edema was found during exposure to high altitude in healthy subjects. This seems to occur due to decreased atmospheric pressure under hypoxia but independent of systemic acclimatization. Other measures of anterior chamber geometry remained stable during the challenge to hypoxic conditions at high altitude.
Familial Aggregation of Pure Tone Hearing Thresholds in an Aging European Population
2013-06-05

Our results indicate that there is a substantial shared familial effect in ARHI. We found that familial aggregation of ARHI is markedly higher in the low frequencies and that there is a trend toward higher familial aggregation in female compared with male subjects.
Fractional vortex in asymmetric 0-πlong Josephson junctions
2013-06-05

We consider an infinitely long 0- Josephson junction consisting of 0 and\\n regions having different critical current densities and\\n . The ground state of such a junction corresponds to a spontaneosly\\nformed asymmetric semifluxon with tails decaying on different length scales. We\\ncalculate the depinning current of such a fractional vortex and show that it is\\ndifferent for positive and negative bias polarity. We also show that upon\\napplication of a bias current, the fractional flux (topological charge)\\nassociated with the vortex changes. We calculate the range of fractional flux\\nassociated with the vortex when the bias changes from negative to positive\\ncritical (depinning) values.\\n
Transporting 2014 FIFA World Cup to sustainability: exploring residents’ and tourists’ attitudes and behaviours
2013-06-06

The forthcoming 2014 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup (FWC) in Brazil provides an opportunity to invest in an efficient public transport (PT) system, whose benefits will extend beyond the event. Moreover, the FWC is a potential powerful force to promote a change in travel behaviour of both residents and tourists. However, the challenges are considerable. Research on mobility and travel behaviour at mega-events is still in its infancy and there is a general lack of baseline data and quantitative studies. Here, we address this shortfall by surveying attitudes and travel behaviour of tourists and residents in the Brazilian city of Manaus, a host city for the 2014 FWC. Our results suggest that in addition to the availability of information about PT, perceptions of 'travel time' and 'convenience' influence attitudes and may be important targets for promoting behavioural change. These results highlight the importance of providing good access to clearly targeted information on sustainable travel options. More generally, we demonstrate that successful development of sustainable mobility for mega-events must carefully align with local attitudes and behaviours.
Regulation of E2F1 by the von Hippel–Lindau tumour suppressor protein predicts survival in renal cell cancer patients
2013-06-06

Abstract Biallelic mutations of the von Hippel–Lindau ( VHL ) gene are the most common cause of sporadic and inherited renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ). Loss of VHL has been reported to affect cell proliferation by deregulating cell cycle‐associated proteins. We report that the VHL gene product ( pVHL ) inhibits E2F1 expression at both mRNA and protein level in zebrafish and human RCC cells, while loss of VHL increases E2F1 expression in patient kidney tumour tissue and RCC cells, resulting in a delay of cell cycle progression. RCCs from von Hippel–Lindau patients with known germline VHL mutations express significantly more E2F1 compared to sporadic RCCs with either clear‐cell (cc) or non‐cc histology. Analysis of 138 primary RCCs reveals that E2F1 expression is significantly higher in tumours with a diameter ≤7 cm and with a favourable American Joint Committee on Cancer ( AJCC ) stage. The expression of E2F1 in RCC significantly correlates with p27 expression, suggesting that increased expression of E2F1 in RCC induces tumour cell senescence via p27. Cox regression analysis shows significant prediction of E2F1 expression for disease‐free survival and overall survival, implying that E2F1 expression in kidney tumour is a novel prognostic factor for patients with RCC . Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Nested Melanoma, A Newly Defined Entity
2013-06-06

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Biological Responses to Activated Carbon Amendments in Sediment Remediation
2013-06-07

Sorbent amendment with activated carbon (AC) is a novel in situ management strategy for addressing human and ecological health risks posed by hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) in sediments and soils. A large body of literature shows that AC amendments can reduce bioavailability of sediment-associated HOCs by more than 60-90%. Empirically derived biodynamic models can predict bioaccumulation in benthic invertebrates within a factor of 2, allowing for future scenarios under AC amendment to be estimated. Higher AC dose and smaller AC particle size further reduce bioaccumulation of HOCs but may induce stress in some organisms. Adverse ecotoxicity response to AC exposure was observed in one-fifth of 82 tests, including changes in growth, lipid content, behavior, and survival. Negative effects on individual species and benthic communities appear to depend on the characteristics of the sedimentary environment and the AC amendment strategy (e.g., dose and particle size). More research is needed to evaluate reproductive end points, bacterial communities, and plants, and to link species- and community-level responses to amendment. In general, the ability of AC to effectively limit the mobility of HOCs in aquatic environments may outshine potential negative secondary effects, and these outcomes must be held in comparison to traditional remediation approaches.
Filtering Sensory Information with XCSF: Improving Learning Robustness and Robot Arm Control Performance
2013-06-07

It has been shown previously that the control of a robot arm can be efficiently learned using the XCSF learning classifier system, which is a nonlinear regression system based on evolutionary computation. So far, however, the predictive knowledge about how actual motor activity changes the state of the arm system has not been exploited. In this paper, we utilize the forward velocity kinematics knowledge of XCSF to alleviate the negative effect of noisy sensors for successful learning and control. We incorporate Kalman filtering for estimating successive arm positions, iteratively combining sensory readings with XCSF-based predictions of hand position changes over time. The filtered arm position is used to improve both trajectory planning and further learning of the forward velocity kinematics. We test the approach on a simulated kinematic robot arm model. The results show that the combination can improve learning and control performance significantly. However, it also shows that variance estimates of XCSF prediction may be underestimated, in which case self-delusional spiraling effects can hinder effective learning. Thus, we introduce a heuristic parameter, which can be motivated by theory, and which limits the influence of XCSF's predictions on its own further learning input. As a result, we obtain drastic improvements in noise tolerance, allowing the system to cope with more than 10 times higher noise levels.
ERRATUM: Oncological outcome and prognostic factors in the therapy of soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities
2013-06-07

Uniform conclusions about therapeutic concepts and survival time of bone and soft tissue sarcoma patients are difficult due to the heterogeneity of histological subtypes as well as the different responses to neoadjuvant therapy. The subject of this retrospective study was the analysis of tumour free survival, risk and prognostic factors of sarcoma patients treated by limb sparing techniques or amputation. We included 118 patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities treated primarily or secondarily at our institution between 1990 and 2008 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Data about the tumour free survival time, operative techniques and potential prognostic factors were analysed. The tumour-specific and overall survival were significantly influenced by two factors: the grading and distant metastases present at time of diagnosis. Optimal multimodal therapeutic concepts at a specialized Cancer Center decreased the risk of local recurrence. The importance of optimal preoperative and surgical course concerning the oncological long term outcome was investigated. The decrease in local recurrence as a result of multimodal therapeutic concepts at a specialized Cancer Center was confirmed. To evaluate the individual prognosis of a patient, multiple factors have to be considered. Factors for a poor prognosis are primary metastasis, high-grade tumours and several histological entities (e.g. synovial sarcoma, not other specified).
How students deal with inconsistencies in health knowledge
2013-06-09

Objectives In their work, health care professionals have to deal daily with inconsistent health information and are confronted with differing therapeutic health concepts. Medical education should prepare students to handle these challenges adequately. The aim of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of how students deal with inconsistencies in health knowledge when they are presented with either a therapeutic concept they accept or one they reject. Methods Seventy‐six students of physiotherapy participated in this 2 × 2 experiment with health information (consistent versus inconsistent information) and therapeutic concept (congruent versus contradictory therapeutic concept) as between‐group factors. The participants' task was to improve the quality of a text about the effectiveness of stretching; participants were randomly assigned to one of four texts. Knowledge acquisition and text modification were measured as dependent variables. Results Students acquired more knowledge when they worked with a text containing inconsistent information. Medical information that was presented in agreement with a student's therapeutic concept was also more readily acquired than the same information presented posing a contradictory therapeutic concept. Participants modified the contradictory text in order to adapt it to their own point of view. Disagreement resulted in a disregard or devaluation of the information itself, which in turn was detrimental to learning. Conclusions It is a problem when prospective health care professionals turn a blind eye to discrepancies that do not fit their view of the world. It may be useful for educational purposes to include a knowledge conflict caused by a combination of conviction and inconsistent information to facilitate learning processes.
Nigral stimulation for resistant axial motor impairment in Parkinson’s disease? A randomized controlled trial
2013-06-11

Gait and balance disturbances typically emerge in advanced Parkinson’s disease with generally limited response to dopaminergic medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Therefore, advanced programming with interleaved pulses was put forward to introduce concomittant nigral stimulation on caudal contacts of a subthalamic lead. Here, we hypothesized that the combined stimulation of subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata improves axial symptoms compared with standard subthalamic nucleus stimulation. Twelve patients were enrolled in this 2 × 2 cross-over double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial and both the safety and efficacy of combined subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata stimulation were evaluated compared with standard subthalamic nucleus stimulation. The primary outcome measure was the change of a broad-scaled cumulative axial Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale score (Scale II items 13–15, Scale III items 27–31) at ‘3-week follow-up’. Secondary outcome measures specifically addressed freezing of gait, balance, quality of life, non-motor symptoms and neuropsychiatric symptoms. For the primary outcome measure no statistically significant improvement was observed for combined subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata stimulation at the ‘3-week follow-up’. The secondary endpoints, however, revealed that the combined stimulation of subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata might specifically improve freezing of gait, whereas balance impairment remained unchanged. The combined stimulation of subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata was safe, and of note, no clinically relevant neuropsychiatric adverse effect was observed. Patients treated with subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata stimulation revealed no ‘global’ effect on axial motor domains. However, this study opens the perspective that concomittant stimulation of the substantia nigra pars reticulata possibly improves otherwise resistant freezing of gait and, therefore, highly warrants a subsequent phase III randomized controlled trial.
Trefoil factor family member 2 (Tff2) KO mice are protected from high‐fat diet‐induced obesity
2013-06-11

Introduction Trefoil factor family member 2 (Tff2) is a small gut peptide, mainly known for its protective and healing functions. As previously demonstrated, high‐fat (HF) feeding can rapidly and specifically modulate Tff2 transcription in key tissues of mice, including the duodenum and mesenteric adipose tissue, therefore suggesting a novel role for this gene in energy balance. Design and Methods To explore whether and how Tff2 can influence feeding behavior and energy metabolism, Tff2 knock‐out (KO) mice were challenged with HF diet for 12 weeks, hence food and energy intakes, body composition, as well as energy excretion and serum lipid and hormonal levels were analyzed. Finally, energy efficiency was estimated. Results Tff2 KO mice showed a greater appetite and higher energy intake compared to wild‐type (WT). Consistently, they presented lower levels of serum leptin, and increased transcription of agouti‐related protein (Agrp) in the hypothalamus. Though energy and triglyceride fecal excretion were augmented in Tff2 KO mice, digestible energy intake was superior. However, KO mice were finally protected from HF diet‐induced obesity, and accumulated less weight and fat depots than WT animals, while keeping a normal lean mass. Energy efficiency was lower in HF‐KO mice, while energy expenditure and locomotor activity were globally increased. Conclusions The present work demonstrates previously unsuspected roles for Tff2 and suggests it to be a mastermind in the control of energy balance and a promising therapeutic target for obesity.
Fundus Autofluorescence in theAbca4−/−Mouse Model of Stargardt Disease—Correlation With Accumulation of A2E, Retinal Function, and Histology
2013-06-12

Fundus AF can be used to monitor lipofuscin accumulation and melanin-related changes in vivo in mouse models of retinal disease. High RPE lipofuscin may not adversely affect retinal structure or function over prolonged time intervals, and melanin-related changes (melanolipofuscin formation) may occur before the decline in retinal function.
Effect of Dermaseptin on Erythrocytes
2013-06-12

Abstract Dermaseptin, an antimicrobial peptide participating in the host defence against pathogens, interacts with the membrane of target cells, leading to membrane permeabilization and eventual cell lysis. Dermaseptin has previously been shown to trigger haemolysis. Prior to haemolysis, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and by cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ activity [(Ca 2+ )] i and formation of ceramide. This study explored whether dermaseptin modifies [Ca 2+ ] i and elicits eryptosis. Cell volume has been estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin‐V binding, haemolysis from haemoglobin release, ceramide formation from binding of fluorescent antibodies and [Ca 2+ ] i from Fluo3‐fluorescence. A 48‐hr exposure to dermaseptin (50 μM) was followed by a significant increase in [Ca 2+ ] i , a significant increase ceramide abundance, a significant decrease in forward scatter and a significant increase in annexin‐V binding. The annexin‐V binding after dermaseptin treatment was significantly blunted but not abrogated in the nominal absence of extracellular Ca 2+ . Dermaseptin triggers eryptosis, an effect at least partially due to entry of extracellular Ca 2+ .
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy-Associated Mutations in the JC Polyomavirus Capsid Disrupt Lactoseries Tetrasaccharide c Binding
2013-06-12

ABSTRACT The human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is the causative agent of the fatal, demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The Mad-1 prototype strain of JCPyV uses the glycan lactoseries tetrasaccharide c (LSTc) and serotonin receptor 5-HT 2A to attach to and enter into host cells, respectively. Specific residues in the viral capsid protein VP1 are responsible for direct interactions with the α2,6-linked sialic acid of LSTc. Viral isolates from individuals with PML often contain mutations in the sialic acid-binding pocket of VP1 that are hypothesized to arise from positive selection. We reconstituted these mutations in the Mad-1 strain of JCPyV and found that they were not capable of growth. The mutations were then introduced into recombinant VP1 and reconstituted as pentamers in order to conduct binding studies and structural analyses. VP1 pentamers carrying PML-associated mutations were not capable of binding to permissive cells. High-resolution structure determination revealed that these pentamers are well folded but no longer bind to LSTc due to steric clashes in the sialic acid-binding site. Reconstitution of the mutations into JCPyV pseudoviruses allowed us to directly quantify the infectivity of the mutants in several cell lines. The JCPyV pseudoviruses with PML-associated mutations were not infectious, nor were they able to engage sialic acid as measured by hemagglutination of human red blood cells. These results demonstrate that viruses from PML patients with single point mutations in VP1 disrupt binding to sialic acid motifs and render these viruses noninfectious. IMPORTANCE Infection with human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is common and asymptomatic in healthy individuals, but during immunosuppression, JCPyV can spread from the kidney to the central nervous system (CNS) and cause a fatal, demyelinating disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Individuals infected with HIV, those who have AIDS, or those receiving immunomodulatory therapies for autoimmune diseases are at serious risk for PML. Recent reports have demonstrated that viral isolates from PML patients often have distinct changes within the major capsid protein. Our structural-functional approach highlights that these mutations result in abolished engagement of the carbohydrate receptor motif LSTc that is necessary for infection. Viruses with PML-associated mutations are not infectious in glial cells, suggesting that they may play an alternative role in PML pathogenesis.
Quetiapine and flupentixol differentially improve anterior cingulate cortex function in schizophrenia patients: an event-related potential study
2013-06-12

Abstract Atypical antipsychotic agents are a frequently and effectively used treatment in schizophrenia and psychotic disorders. Other than conventional antipsychotics, which mainly exert their pharmacological effect in subcortical dopaminergic systems, atypical antipsychotics additionally affect partly serotonergically innervated structures within prefrontal areas, such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, only few controlled, randomized studies have so far investigated direct and indirect effects of atypical antipsychotics on the ACC and, up until now, no clinical investigation has exclusively addressed the specific effects of quetiapine on ACC function. The present study assessed ACC function in 18 quetiapine-medicated patients and 13 flupentixol-treated patients suffering from schizophrenia by means of the error-related negativity (ERN), a neurophysiological marker of ACC function, in a pre-post design. Between-group comparisons revealed different effects of quetiapine and flupentixol on ACC function despite similar improvement in psychopathology, cognitive performance and quality of life. Whereas atypical treatment was associated with an increase in amplitudes over time, there were prolonged ERN peak latencies in patients treated with the typical agent. Moreover, treatment effects depended on baseline prefrontal cortex function in both groups. We conclude that both flupentixol and quetiapine improve prefrontal function especially in patients with weak initial ACC function which might be due to their shared affinity for serotonin receptors in frontal brain regions. However, since this affinity is more pronounced for quetiapine, patients treated with quetiapine seemed to profit more evidently concerning their prefrontal cortex function compared to patients of the flupentixol group, who exhibited a compensatory prolongation of processes.