julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Testing Transferability of Deep-Learning-Based Dwelling Extraction in Refugee Camps
2021-01-01

For effective humanitarian response in refugee camps, reliable information concerning dwelling type, extent, surrounding infrastructure, and respective population size is essential. As refugee camps are inherently dynamic in nature, continuous updating and frequent monitoring is time and resource-demanding, so that automatic information extraction strategies are very useful. In this ongoing research, we used labelled data and high-resolution Worldview imagery and first trained a Convolutional Neural Network-based U-net model architecture. We first trained and tested the model from scratch for Al Hol camp in Syria. We then tested the transferability of the model by testing its performance in an image of a refugee camp situated in Cameroon. We were using patch size 32, at the Syrian test site, a Mean Area Intersection Over Union (MIoU) of 0.78 and F-1 score of 0.96, while in the transfer site, MIoU of 0.69 and an F-1 score of 0.98 were achieved. Furthermore, the effect of patch size and the combination of samples from test and transfer sites are investigated.
Relevance Interventions in the Classroom: A Means to Promote Students’ Homework Motivation and Behavior
2021-01-01

Many students suffer from motivational problems when doing homework. To investigate whether an intervention that effectively promoted value beliefs in mathematics promoted students’ homework motivation and behavior, we analyzed data from a cluster randomized controlled study with two classroom-based relevance interventions (writing a text or evaluating quotes from interviews) with 82 classrooms and 1,978 ninth-grade students. Students’ math-specific homework motivation and behavior were assessed with homework diaries over a period of 4 weeks after the intervention. Latent growth curve analyses revealed that students in the text condition reported higher triggered interest but also lower homework completion than students in the control condition in the first week after the intervention. Students in the quotations condition reported higher utility of homework for future life, and higher homework effort directly after the intervention. The study highlights the potential of classroom-based relevance interventions to foster homework-specific outcomes, when considering situational, behavior-related measures.
The connection between frontal lobe brain tumors and lower urinary tract symptoms - Series of 347 patients.
2021-01-01

Frontal intra-axial tumors compressing and infiltrating the prefrontal cortex influence the micturition center and produce lower urinary tract symptoms. The tumors of the right frontal lobe were directly associated with incontinence, which was completely disappeared in 70% of the patients within 2 years.
Epigenome-wide data collection in a case of gliofibroma
2021-01-01

Gliofibroma is a rare tumour entity with glial and mesenchymal histological features. We describe the case of a 30-year-old woman who presented with a short history of intermittent left-sided facial pain and paraesthesia of the left upper extremity. Histologically, the tumour consisted of a mixture of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive glial cells and collagen-rich stroma. Immunohistochemical and molecular analysis showed no IDH1/2, BRAF, H3F3A mutations or ATP-dependent helicase (ATRX) loss in this tumour. Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array (HM450) methylation profile of the tumour was different from typical glioma entities. Genome-wide DNA copy number analysis showed partial loss of chromosome 3 and 8. All previous cases are reviewed. Our data support the classification of gliofibroma as a rare, but distinct brain tumour entity with good prognosis.
Carbocyclic pincer carbene complexes of ruthenium: syntheses and reversible hydrogenation
2021-01-01

Double C–H activation leads to the formation of a ruthenium carbocyclic carbene PCP pincer complex. Uptake and release of three equivalents of hydrogen involving the cycloheptatriene moiety acting as a cooperative ligand was realized.
The yoneda reduction of polymorphic types
2021-01-01

In this paper we explore a family of type isomorphisms in System F whose validity corresponds, semantically, to some form of the Yoneda isomorphism from category theory. These isomorphisms hold under theories of equivalence stronger than βη-equivalence, like those induced by parametricity and dinaturality. We show that the Yoneda type isomorphisms yield a rewriting over types, that we call Yoneda reduction, which can be used to eliminate quantifiers from a polymorphic type, replacing them with a combination of monomorphic type constructors. We establish some sufficient conditions under which quantifiers can be fully eliminated from a polymorphic type, and we show some application of these conditions to count the inhabitants of a type and to compute program equivalence in some fragments of System F.
Modern vegetation proxies reflect Palaeogene and Neogene vegetation evolution and climate change in Europe, Turkey, and Armenia
2021-01-01

Recently two tools, Drudge 1 and 2, were introduced to more easily assess modern vegetation proxies for the fossil record.They are based on three similarities: the Integrated Plant Record (IPR) Similarity assessing the similarity between fossil assemblages and modern vegetation based on the proportion of major zonal angiosperm components; the Taxonomic Similarity (TS) reflecting the similarity based on the coincidence of genera among the fossil record and modern vegetation; and the combination of both similarities (Results Mix).In this paper, we apply Drudge 1 and 2 to 54 fossil plant assemblages from Europe, Turkey, and Armenia covering the time span from the early Eocene to the Pleistocene.For every fossil plant assemblage, a set of 25 proxies (modern vegetation units) is derived by the Drudges, reflecting its physiognomy and floristic composition.The results for all fossil plant assemblages feature the overall vegetation evolution and climate change in Europe, Turkey, and Armenia providing deeper insight into the relationships of the fossil record to the modern Asian and European vegetation.This study strives to provide an improved understanding of the Palaeogene/Neogene vegetation evolution in Europe and Asia beyond the community of specialists.Our results can help model future scenarios.They also improve our understanding of how climate change may affect vegetation and more broadly ecosystems as a whole.
bwHealthApp: A Software System to Support Personalized Medicine by Individual Monitoring of Vital Parameters of Outpatients
2021-01-01

Continuous monitoring of individual vital parameters can provide information for the assessment of one's health and indications of medical problems in the context of personalized medicine.Correlations between parameters and health issues are to be evaluated.As one project in this topic area, a telemedicine platform is implemented to gather data of outpatients via wearables and accumulate them for physicians and researchers to review.This work extracts requirements, draws use case scenarios, and shows the current system architecture consisting of a patient application, a physician application with a web server, and a backend server application.In further work, the prototype will assist to develop a vendor-free and open monitoring solution.A conclusion on functionality and usability will be evaluated in an imminent first study.
An anhanguerian pterodactyloid mandible from the lower Valanginian of Northern Germany, and the German record of Cretaceous pterosaurs
2021-01-01

The record of Cretaceous pterosaur remains from Germany is sparse. The material recovered to date includes the fragmentary holotypes of Targaryendraco wiedenrothi and Ctenochasma roemeri, as well as a few isolated pterodactyloid teeth and some indeterminate skeletal elements, together with a plaster cast of a large Purbeckopus manus imprint. Here, we report the discovery of a pterodactyloid pterosaur mandible from lower Valanginian strata of the Stadthagen Formation in the Lower Saxony Basin of Northern Germany. Based on the size and spacing of its alveoli, this fossil is attributable to the cosmopolitan Early Cretaceous pteranodontoid clade Anhangueria. Moreover, it represents the first and only known pterosaur from the Valanginian of Germany and is one of only a handful Valanganian pterosaur occurrences presently recognized worldwide. In addition to the approximately coeval Coloborhynchus clavirostris from the Hastings Bed Group of southern England, the Stadthagen Formation pterosaur mandible is among the stratigraphically oldest identifiable anhanguerians.
Direct detection of dark matter: Precision predictions in a simplified model framework
2021-01-01

Abstract We present a calculation of the next-to-leading order QCD corrections for the scattering of Dark Matter particles off nucleons in the framework of simplified models with s - and t -channel mediators. These results are matched to the Wilson coefficients and operators of an effective field theory that is generally used for the presentation of experimental results on spin-independent and spin-dependent direct detection rates. Detailed phenomenological studies illustrate the complementary reach of collider searches for Dark Matter and the direct detection experiments CRESST and XENON. In the case of cancellation effects in the tree-level contributions, one-loop corrections can have a particularly large impact on exclusion limits in the case of combined <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> -channel models.
LiEC(SiMe3)3(E = Se, Te) as a new donor of chalcogen atoms for the generation of binary [(RxGey)Ez] cage compounds with unique structural features
2021-01-01

LiEC(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(E = Se, Te) acts as a donor of chalcogen atoms and as a substituent to give binary [(R<sub>x</sub>Ge<sub>y</sub>)E<sub>z</sub>] cage compounds by the reaction with GeCl<sub>2</sub>·dioxane. These cage compounds show unique structural features within Ge/E cage compounds.
Micrographic Surgery Allows Fascia Preservation in Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
2021-01-01

Removal of the deep fascia is recommended in therapy for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, but its necessity in the context of micrographic surgery is unclear. A retrospective clinicopathological analysis of 48 patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans treated by micrographic surgery was performed, to determine in which tumours fascia preservation was feasible and safe. Histologically, 93% of tumours on the trunk and extremities and 14% of tumours in the head and neck region were fully located above the fascia. Localization on the head and neck was the only significant risk factor for tumour extension beyond the subcutis (p<0.001). Overall, 44% of tumours were completely excised above the fascia and 56% with deeper excisions. Two deeply infiltrating tumours (4%) on the head recurred, but in none of these lesions was the fascia spared. These results show that micrographic surgery allows fascia preservation in superficial tumours outside the head and neck region.
Increased Intake of Fast-Acting Carbohydrates in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
2021-01-01

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) regularly report an increased desire for food or beverages with high sugar content. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis of an increased intake of fast-acting carbohydrates in PD patients. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This study investigated the consumption of high-sugar content food products in 221 PD patients compared with 184 healthy controls using a self-administered questionnaire. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Male PD patients reported a significantly more often high consumption of chocolate (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.005) and other sweets (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.001) than healthy controls. Moreover, PD patients with a high intake of these products showed a significantly longer disease duration (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Our study confirmed changes in intake of fast-acting carbohydrates derived from sweets in PD. Future studies should address the observed association with disease progression to understand underlying pathophysiological mechanisms leading to this behavioral change.
The bone-degrading enzyme machinery: From multi-component understanding to the treatment of residues from the meat industry
2021-01-01

Many microorganisms feed on the tissue and recalcitrant bone materials from dead animals, however little is known about the collaborative effort and characteristics of their enzymes. In this study, microbial metagenomes from symbionts of the marine bone-dwelling worm <i>Osedax mucofloris</i>, and from microbial biofilms growing on experimentally deployed bone surfaces were screened for specialized bone-degrading enzymes. A total of 2,043 taxonomically (closest match within 40 phyla) and functionally (1 proteolytic and 9 glycohydrolytic activities) diverse and non-redundant sequences (median pairwise identity of 23.6%) encoding such enzymes were retrieved. The taxonomic assignation and the median identity of 72.2% to homologous proteins reflect microbial and functional novelty associated to a specialized bone-degrading marine community. Binning suggests that only one generalist hosting all ten targeted activities, working in synergy with multiple specialists hosting a few or individual activities. Collagenases were the most abundant enzyme class, representing 48% of the total hits. A total of 47 diverse enzymes, representing 8 hydrolytic activities, were produced in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, whereof 13 were soluble and active. The biochemical analyses revealed a wide range of optimal pH (4.0-7.0), optimal temperature (5-65 °C), and of accepted substrates, specific to each microbial enzyme. This versatility may contribute to a high environmental plasticity of bone-degrading marine consortia that can be confronted to diverse habitats and bone materials. Through bone-meal degradation tests, we further demonstrated that some of these enzymes, particularly those from <i>Flavobacteriaceae</i> and <i>Marinifilaceae</i>, may be an asset for development of new value chains in the biorefinery industry.
Dependence of the ROT effect on the energy of different light charged particles and on the incident neutron energy
2021-01-01

The shift of the angular distribution of different light charged particles in ternary fission of 235 U induced by polarized neutrons, the so-called ROT effect, was estimated by modified trajectory calculations, which take into account the rotation of the compound nucleus. In previous publications only α -particles were considered. It is shown here that inclusion of tritons significantly improves the agreement of the energy dependence of the ROT effect with experiment while the inclusion of 5 He particles practically does not influence this dependence. In particular, the change in the magnitude of the ROT effect depending on the energy of incident neutrons is correctly predicted. Also, the ROT effect for gamma quanta and neutrons in binary fission is discussed along the same lines, because all mentioned effects are proportional to the effective angular velocity of the compound nucleus at the moment of scission.
Die deutsche EU-Ratspräsidentschaft 2020: selektive Föderalisierung des Integrationsprozesses
2021-01-01

This article analyses the most important issues and decisions of the German EU Council Presidency, but also its “leftovers”. Almost beyond expectations, the German Government proved to be a successful mediator and honest broker for viable compromises in a number of conflicting areas. It was possible, in the second half of 2020, to resolve basic EU financing issues for the next seven years period, prevent a no-deal Brexit through a trade agreement with the United Kingdom, conclude an investment agreement with China and achieve the adoption of a rule of law mechanism against corruption in the use of EU funds by national actors. During the German Presidency, once again in European integration, a centralization of important tasks at the Brussels level can be identified, combined with a partial strengthening of supranational institutions.
Rare-earth-metallocene alkylaluminates trigger distinct tetrahydrofuran activation
2021-01-01

Lanthanocene Cp*<sub>2</sub>La(AlMe<sub>4</sub>) affords selective metalation of tetrahydrofuran to the 2-tetrahydrofuranyl derivative Cp*<sub>2</sub>La(2-AlMe<sub>3</sub>-OC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>7</sub>), while the yttrium reaction leads to THF degradation.
Development and Validation of the “Tübingen Inventory to Measure Teachers’ Profession-Specific Value Orientations” (TIVO)
2021-01-01

Broadly understood, values represent orientation guidelines for daily action, thinking, and feeling. Thus, they affect teachers’ everyday work and are among their professional competencies. While general values and some single profession-specific values of teachers (e.g., responsibility) have already been investigated empirically, the current study aims to cover a broader range of profession-specific values by developing and validating the Tübingen Inventory to Measure Teachers’ Profession-Specific Value Orientations (TIVO), based on three independent studies with pre-service (Studies 1 and 2; N 1 = 334, N 2 = 239) and in-service teachers (N 3 = 308). The results demonstrate that the TIVO is appropriate to assess four profession-specific values in a second-order model: caring, justice, responsibility, and truthfulness as first-order factors, with fairness as a second-order factor loading on the latter three first-order factors. The results from preregistered experiments and confirmatory factor analysis provide consistent evidence for the construct validity of the TIVO.
Roman Nobilitas in Jerome's Letters
2021-01-01

Hieronymus von Stridon propagierte ein neues Modell des christlichen Adels, das die traditionellen römischen Werte und die Exklusivität der illustres bewahren würde. Jessica van t Westeinde zeigt in dieser Studie, wie der Unterschied zwischen dem wahren Adel und den Neureichen in Hieronymus Korrespondenz mit diesen Eliten sichtbar wird
Control Strategies for Functional Upper Limb Prostheses
2021-01-01

Electrically powered hand protheses are typically controlled with electromyographic (EMG) signals, acquired from muscles of the residual limb. In this chapter we will give an overview on classical EMG control as well as recent developments based on machine learning. Classical approaches utilize two EMG electrodes and allow to control only a single prosthetic function at a time. Machine learning-based approaches utilize more electrodes and can be divided into classification and regression. Classification-based approaches have become recently commercially available and allow a direct access to many prosthetic functions, while classification-based approaches allow for an independent simultaneous control of two degrees of freedom (DOF). Targeted muscle reinnervation is a surgical procedure to acquire additional control sites in the amputees and enables to directly control up to three DOF simultaneously.
A randomized, multicenter phase II study comparing efficacy, safety and tolerability of two dosing regimens of cisplatin and pemetrexed in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer
2021-01-01

Background: Pemetrexed and cisplatin is a first-line standard in non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer without targetable mutations. It became the backbone of checkpoint-inhibitor–chemotherapy combinations. Single high doses of cisplatin pose toxicity risks and require hyperhydration, potentially prolonging outpatient application. The aim of this study was to compare efficacy, safety and tolerability of split-dose cisplatin with the standard schedule. Methods: Patients with metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer were randomly assigned to up to six 21-day cycles of pemetrexed 500 mg/m 2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 on day 1 (arm A), or pemetrexed 500 mg/m 2 (day 1) and cisplatin 40 mg/m 2 (day 1 + 8, arm B), followed by pemetrexed maintenance. Primary endpoint was objective response rate. Secondary objectives were overall survival, progression-free survival, time to progression, treatment compliance, toxicity profile, and quality of life. Results: We enrolled 130 patients (129 evaluable). Median cycle numbers in A and B were six (1–6) and five (1–6). Dose intensities were comparable between arms. More patients in A received pemetrexed maintenance (24.2% versus 11.1%). With 16 (24.2%) in A and 19 (30.2%) patients in B achieving objective responses [odds ratio 0.74 (0.34–1.62), p = 0.55] the primary endpoint was met. Overall survival was not different between arms (median 14.4 versus 14.9 months); [HR = 1.07; (0.68–1.68), p = 0.78]. Median progression-free survival was 7.0 months in A and 6.2 months in B [HR = 1.63; (1.17–2.38); p = 0.01]. Adverse events of CTCAE grade ⩾3, particularly hematological, were more frequent in B. No difference in grade 4 and 5 infections between arms was noted. Treatment-related asthenia and nausea/vomiting of any grade were more frequent in A. Global health status, fatigue and constipation measured on day 1 of cycle 4 demonstrated superior scores in B. Conclusion: Pemetrexed and split-dose cisplatin is safe and effective. Advantages of split-dose cisplatin with regard to specific toxicities allow personalization of this important chemotherapy backbone. Trial Registration: European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT) number 2011-001963-37.
GeClx[Co(CO)3PR3]4−x (x = 0–3; R = nPr, nBu): from cobalt substituted germanes to novel binary cluster compounds.
2021-01-01

The synthesis of cobalt substituted germanes of the composition GeCl<sub>x</sub>[Co(CO)<sub>3</sub>PR<sub>3</sub>]<sub>4−x</sub> (<italic>x</italic> = 0–3; R = <sup>n</sup>Pr, <sup>n</sup>Bu) is presented. Reductive coupling with different reducing agents leads amongst others to the pseudo-cubic cluster compound Ge<sub>7</sub>Co(CO)<sub>3</sub>[Co(CO)<sub>3</sub>P<sup>n</sup>Bu<sub>3</sub>]<sub>7</sub>.
Lorenzen Between Gentzen and Schütte
2021-01-01

Abstract We discuss Lorenzen’s consistency proof for ramified type theory without reducibility, published in 1951, in its historical context and highlight Lorenzen’s contribution to the development of modern proof theory, notably by the introduction of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> </mml:math> -rule.
New horizons for the synthesis of nanoparticles: Germanium nanoparticles from metastable GeBr-solutions
2021-01-01

Abstract We present the synthesis and characterization of halide-terminated colloidal Ge nanoparticles of 2–10 nm with a narrow size distribution, synthesized via a novel reaction route. The nanoparticles are prepared by the disproportionation reaction of metastable Ge(I)X solutions and are obtained in a maximum yield of 79%. Control of the nanoparticle size is achieved by varying the aging time and/or temperature. The halide termination of the nanoparticles is a perfect prerequisite for further surface functionalization but also leads to a high sensitivity of the germanium nanoparticles to water and air.