julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Using big data techniques for measuring productive friction in mass collaboration online environments
2018-10-23

The advent of the social web brought with it challenges and opportunities for research on learning and knowledge construction. Using the online-encyclopedia Wikipedia as an example, we discuss several methods that can be applied to analyze the dynamic nature of knowledge-related processes in mass collaboration environments. These methods can help in the analysis of the interactions between the two levels that are relevant in computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) research: The individual level of learners and the collective level of the group or community. In line with constructivist theories of learning, we argue that the development of knowledge on both levels is triggered by productive friction, that is, the prolific resolution of socio-cognitive conflicts. By describing three prototypical methods that have been used in previous Wikipedia research, we review how these techniques can be used to examine the dynamics on both levels and analyze how these dynamics can be predicted by the amount of productive friction. We illustrate how these studies make use of text classifiers, social network analysis, and cluster analysis in order to operationalize the theoretical concepts. We conclude by discussing implications for the analysis of dynamic knowledge processes from a learning sciences perspective.
Weapons of the Rich: Strategic Behavior and Collective Action of Private Entrepreneurs in China
2018-10-23

This article, the product of several years of extensive fieldwork, seeks to reinvigorate the debate on China’s private entrepreneurs by arguing that they have become a “strategic group” within the Chinese polity. While they do not openly challenge the current regime, they continuously alter the power balance within the current regime coalition, which connects them to the party-state at all administrative levels. As the future of Chinese socialism depends on the sound development of the private-sector economy and, therefore, on the promotion of private entrepreneurship, it can be expected that entrepreneurial influence within the regime coalition will rise, with inevitable consequences for regime legitimacy and stability.
Observation of Subradiant Atomic Momentum States with Bose-Einstein Condensates in a Recoil Resolving Optical Ring Resonator
2018-10-23

We experimentally investigate the formation of subradiant atomic momentum states in Bose-Einstein condensates inside a recoil resolving optical ring resonator according to the theoretical proposal of Cola, Bigerni, and Piovella. The atoms are pumped from the side with laser light that contains two frequency components. They resonantly drive cavity assisted Raman transitions between three discreet atomic momentum states. Within a few hundred microseconds, the system evolves into a stationary subradiant state. In this state, the condensate develops two density gratings suitable to diffract the two frequency components of the pump field into the resonator. Both components destructively interfere such that scattering is efficiently suppressed. A series of subradiant states for various amplitude ratios of the two pump components between 0 and 2.1 have been observed. The results are well explained with a three state quantum model in mean field approximation.
Design Rationales of a Mobile Game-Based Intervention for German Dyslexic Children
2018-10-23

Educational games have been shown to provide support for children with learning disabilities to overcome their challenges. Gaming and feedback elements can benefit the learning process while keeping children engaged and help them to regain motivation for learning. We present the design of a mobile serious game for German dyslexic primary school children that incorporates gaming elements such as narrative, pedagogical agents, tutorials, feedback, and reward mechanisms. We derive our game design decisions and specify the rationales behind with special focus on the needs and demands of the target group. We evaluate the gaming elements based on the results of 63 children who played the game at home during a period of 9-10 weeks. Results indicate overall positive perception of the game elements. Children were immersed in the fantasy-themed world, liked the pedagogical agents, and indicated that the interactive tutorials gave an easy start into the game, and emphasized the special importance of praise.
Validity and Player Experience of a Mobile Game for German Dyslexic Children
2018-10-23

Approximately 4-10% of the German population suffers from developmental dyslexia, influencing affected children's educational, personal, and social development negatively. Digital interventions have shown great promise to support dyslexic children additionally to school support and learning therapy. In this article, we present the results of a serious game for German dyslexic children to improve reading and spelling performance with special emphasis on syllable stress awareness. We evaluate game and user experience as well as the relationship between real-life literacy skills and in-game data of 63 German primary school children who played the game on a Tablet at home for 9-10 weeks within the scope of a randomized controlled field trial in 2018. Results indicate overall positive game and user experience and a completion rate of 75% indicates the feasibility of unsupervised digital interventions. Moreover, real-life reading and spelling proficiencies correlated significantly with processing times and scores measured in-game, providing first evidence of the game's validity.
Formation of a planetary Laplace resonance through migration in an eccentric disk
2018-10-23

Context. Orbital mean motion resonances in planetary systems originate from dissipative processes in disk-planet interactions that lead to orbital migration. In multi-planet systems that host giant planets, the perturbation of the protoplanetary disk strongly affects the migration of companion planets. Aims. By studying the well-characterized resonant planetary system around GJ 876 we aim to explore which effects shape disk-driven migration in such a multi-planet system to form resonant chains. Methods. We modelled the orbital migration of three planets embedded in a protoplanetary disk using two-dimensional locally isothermal hydrodynamical simulations. In order to explore the effect of several disk characteristics, we performed a parameter study by varying the disk thickness, α viscosity, mass as well as the initial position of the planets. Moreover, we have carefully analysed and compared simulations with various boundary conditions at the disk’s inner rim. Results. We find that due to the high masses of the giant planets in this system, substantial eccentricity can be excited in the disk. This results in large variations of the torque acting on the outer lower mass planet, which we attribute to a shift of Lindblad and corotation resonances as it approaches the eccentric gap that the giants create. Depending on disk parameters, the migration of the outer planet can be stopped at the gap edge in a non-resonant state. In other models, the outer planet is able to open a partial gap and to circularize the disk again, later entering a 2:1 resonance with the most massive planet in the system to complete the observed 4:2:1 Laplace resonance. Conclusions. Disk-mediated interactions between planets due to spiral waves and excitation of disk eccentricity by massive planets cause deviations from smooth inward migration of exterior lower mass planets. Self-consistent modelling of the disk-driven migration of multi-planet systems is thus mandatory. Constraints can be placed on the properties of the disk during the migration phase, based on the observed resonant state of the system. Our results are compatible with a late migration of the outermost planet into the resonant chain, when the giant planet pair already is in resonance.
Negation and the N400: investigating temporal aspects of negation integration using semantic and world-knowledge violations
2018-10-24

Negation comprehension is a time-consuming, resource demanding process. This study investigates whether additional time to process the negation operator eases negation integration. In Experiment 1 we analysed N400 amplitude in sentences of the following types: correct sentences (Zebras are (not) stripy), world-knowledge violation sentences (Ladybirds are (not) stripy) and semantically violated sentences (Thoughts are (not) stripy). In Experiment 2, the negation was pre-pended to the actual sentence using an introductory statement (It is (not) true that ladybirds are stripy) to provide additional processing time to deal with the negation operator. Crucially, in both experiments the N400 amplitude was larger for semantic and world-knowledge violations than correct sentences irrespective of the negation operator. Taken together, our study suggests that allowing additional time to process the negation operator alone – before encountering the information that completes the negated proposition – has no beneficial influence on on-line negation integration as reflected in the N400.
Phase Synchronicity of μ-Rhythm Determines Efficacy of Interhemispheric Communication Between Human Motor Cortices
2018-10-24

The theory of communication through coherence predicts that effective connectivity between nodes in a distributed oscillating neuronal network depends on their instantaneous excitability state and phase synchronicity (Fries, 2005). Here, we tested this prediction by using state-dependent millisecond-resolved real-time electroencephalography-triggered dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (EEG-TMS) (Zrenner et al., 2018) to target the EEG-negative (high-excitability state) versus EEG-positive peak (low-excitability state) of the sensorimotor μ-rhythm in the left (conditioning) and right (test) motor cortex (M1) of 16 healthy human subjects (9 female, 7 male). Effective connectivity was tested by short-interval interhemispheric inhibition (SIHI); that is, the inhibitory effect of the conditioning TMS pulse given 10–12 ms before the test pulse on the test motor-evoked potential. We compared the four possible combinations of excitability states (negative peak, positive peak) and phase relations (in-phase, out-of-phase) of the μ-rhythm in the conditioning and test M1 and a random phase condition. Strongest SIHI was found when the two M1 were in phase for the high-excitability state (negative peak of the μ-rhythm), whereas the weakest SIHI occurred when they were out of phase and the conditioning M1 was in the low-excitability state (positive peak). Phase synchronicity contributed significantly to SIHI variation, with stronger SIHI in the in-phase than out-of-phase conditions. These findings are in exact accord with the predictions of the theory of communication through coherence. They open a translational route for highly effective modification of brain connections by repetitive stimulation at instants in time when nodes in the network are phase synchronized and excitable. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The theory of communication through coherence predicts that effective connectivity between nodes in distributed oscillating brain networks depends on their instantaneous excitability and phase relation. We tested this hypothesis in healthy human subjects by real-time analysis of brain states by electroencephalography in combination with transcranial magnetic stimulation of left and right motor cortex. We found that short-interval interhemispheric inhibition, a marker of interhemispheric effective connectivity, was maximally expressed when the two motor cortices were in phase for a high-excitability state (the trough of the sensorimotor μ-rhythm). We conclude that findings are consistent with the theory of communication through coherence. They open a translational route to highly effectively modify brain connections by repetitive stimulation at instants in time of phase-synchronized high-excitability states.
Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) for Peritoneal Metastasis: A Registry Study
2018-10-24

Introduction. Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a novel drug delivery system with superior pharmacological properties for treating peritoneal metastasis (PM). Safety and efficacy results of PIPAC with cisplatin/doxorubicin or oxaliplatin from a registry cohort are presented. Methods . IRB-approved registry study. Retrospective analysis. No predefined inclusion criteria, individual therapeutic recommendation by the interdisciplinary tumor board. Safety assessment with CTCAE 4.0. Histological assessment of tumor response by an independent pathologist using the 4-tied peritoneal regression grading system (PRGS). Mean PRGS and ascites volume were assessed at each PIPAC. Results . A total of 142 PIPAC procedures were scheduled in 71 consecutive patients with PM from gastric (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>26</mml:mn></mml:math>), colorectal (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>17</mml:mn></mml:math>), hepatobiliary/pancreatic (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>9</mml:mn></mml:math>), ovarian (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:math>), appendiceal (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:math>) origin, pseudomyxoma peritonei (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:math>), and other tumors (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:math>). Mean age was 58 ± 13 years. Patients were heavily pretreated. Mean PCI was 19 ± 13. Laparoscopic nonaccess rate was 11/142 procedures (7.7%). Mean number of PIPAC/patient was 2. All patients were eligible for safety analysis. There was no procedure-related mortality. There were 2.8% intraoperative and 4.9% postoperative complications. 39 patients underwent more than one PIPAC and were eligible for efficacy analysis, and PRGS could be assessed in 36 of them. In 24 patients (67%), PRGS improved or remained unchanged at PIPAC#2, reflecting tumor regression or stable disease. Ascites was present in 24 patients and diminished significantly under therapy. Median survival was 11.8 months (95% CI: 7.45–16.2 months) from PIPAC#1. Conclusion. PIPAC is feasible, safe, and well-tolerated and can induce histological regression in a significant proportion of pretreated PM patients. This trial is registered with NCT03210298 .
Longitudinal Clinical Performance of the RNA-Based Aptima Human Papillomavirus (AHPV) Assay in Comparison to the DNA-Based Hybrid Capture 2 HPV Test in Two Consecutive Screening Rounds with a 6-Year Interval in Germany
2018-10-24

Longitudinal data on the E6/E7 mRNA-based Aptima human papillomavirus (AHPV) assay exceeding three years in comparison to the gold standard Digene Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) test are not available. We previously reported the cross-sectional data of the German AHPV Screening Trial (GAST) in which 10,040 women were recruited and tested by liquid-based cytology, the HC2 assay, and the AHPV assay.
Characterization of Diffuse Gliomas With Histone H3-G34 Mutation by MRI and Dynamic 18F-FET PET
2018-10-24

Background Recent data suggest that diffuse gliomas carrying mutations in codon 34 of the H3 histone family 3A protein represent a very rare, distinct subgroup of IDH–wild type malignant astrocytic gliomas. However, characteristics detectable by MRI and 18 F-FET PET in H3-G34-mutant gliomas are unknown. Methods We report on MRI and 18 F-FET PET findings in 8 patients from 4 German centers with H3-G34-mutant diffuse gliomas. MRI analyses included multifocality, contrast enhancement, necrosis, cysts, hemorrhages, calcification, and edema. 18 F-FET PET characteristics were evaluated on the basis of static 18 F-FET PET parameters, such as maximal tumor-to-background ratio (TBR max ) and biological tumor volume (BTV), as well as the minimal time-to-peak (TTP min ) obtained from dynamic 18 F-FET PET data. Results MRI showed multifocal lesions in 2 of 8, contrast enhancement in 6 of 8, necrosis in 3 of 8, cysts in 3 of 8, hemorrhage in 1 of 8, and calcifications in 1 of 8 patients. None of the tumors showed marked peritumoral edema. However, all 8 H3-G34-mutant gliomas were characterized by a high uptake intensity on 18 F-FET PET with a median TBR max of 3.4 (range, 2.5–11.7) and a relatively diffuse uptake pattern leading to a large BTV (median, 41.9 mL; range, 7.5–115.6). Dynamic PET data revealed a short median TTP min of 12.5 minutes. Conclusions MRI features of diffuse gliomas with H3-G34 mutation may present very heterogeneously with some cases not even fulfilling the imaging criteria of high-grade glioma. In contrast, in 18 F-FET PET, these tumors show an extensive and diffuse tracer uptake resulting in large BTV with a high TBR max and a short TTP min , thus resembling PET characteristics of aggressive high-grade gliomas, namely, glioblastomas.
Allele balance bias identifies systematic genotyping errors and false disease associations
2018-10-24

In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become a cornerstone of clinical genetics and diagnostics. Many clinical applications require high precision, especially if rare events such as somatic mutations in cancer or genetic variants causing rare diseases need to be identified. Although random sequencing errors can be modeled statistically and deep sequencing minimizes their impact, systematic errors remain a problem even at high depth of coverage. Understanding their source is crucial to increase precision of clinical NGS applications. In this work, we studied the relation between recurrent biases in allele balance (AB), systematic errors, and false positive variant calls across a large cohort of human samples analyzed by whole exome sequencing (WES). We have modeled the AB distribution for biallelic genotypes in 987 WES samples in order to identify positions recurrently deviating significantly from the expectation, a phenomenon we termed allele balance bias (ABB). Furthermore, we have developed a genotype callability score based on ABB for all positions of the human exome, which detects false positive variant calls that passed state-of-the-art filters. Finally, we demonstrate the use of ABB for detection of false associations proposed by rare variant association studies. Availability: https://github.com/Francesc-Muyas/ABB.
Adiabatic currents for interacting fermions on a lattice
2018-10-24

We prove an adiabatic theorem for general densities of observables that are sums of local terms in finite systems of interacting fermions, without periodicity assumptions on the Hamiltonian and with error estimates that are uniform in the size of the system. Our result provides an adiabatic expansion to all orders, in particular, also for the initial data that lie in eigenspaces of degenerate eigenvalues. Our proof is based on ideas from [ 10 ], where Bachmann et al. proved an adiabatic theorem for interacting spin systems. As one important application of this adiabatic theorem, we provide the first rigorous derivation of the adiabatic response formula for the current density induced by an adiabatic change of the Hamiltonian of a system of interacting fermions in a ground state, with error estimates uniform in the system size. We also discuss the application to quantum Hall systems.
Effect handlers for the masses
2018-10-24

Effect handlers are a program structuring paradigm with rising popularity in the functional programming language community and can express many advanced control flow abstractions. We present the first implementation of effect handlers for Java - an imperative, object oriented programming language. Our framework consists of three core components: A type selective CPS transformation via JVM bytecode transformation, an implementation of delimited continuations on top of the bytecode transformation and finally a library for effect handlers in terms of delimited continuations.
Rare‐Earth Metal Diimide Complexes via Alkylaluminate Templating, Including a Ceric Derivative
2018-10-24

Abstract Protonolysis of lanthanide tris(tetramethylaluminate)s with two equivalents of 2,6‐diisopropylaniline affords La III and Ce III diimide compounds Ln[( μ ‐NC 6 H 3 i Pr 2 ‐2,6) 2 AlMe 2 ](thf) 4 featuring a bidentate AlMe 2 ‐linked diimido ligand. As revealed for the corresponding Ce(GaMe 4 ) 3 ‐reaction, formation of the diimide complexes proceeds via tetrametallic complexes of the type [Ce{( μ ‐NC 6 H 3 i Pr 2 ‐2,6)(HNC 6 H 3 i Pr 2 ‐2,6)(MMe 3 )}] 2 (Me=Al, Ga). Oxidation of the cerium(III) complex with hexachloroethane leads to a neutral Ce IV diimide species. Partial protonolysis with phenylacetylene and hydrogenolysis via H 3 SiPh give conclusive insights into the reactive coordination sites of such diimide complexes.
More Space, Better Mathematics: Is Space a Powerful Tool or a Cornerstone for Understanding Arithmetic?
2018-10-24

Undoubtedly, tight links between space and number processing exist. Usually, findings of Spatial-Numerical Associations (SNA) are interpreted causally, i.e., that spatial capabilities aid or are even a fundamental cornerstone of mathematical skill. In this book chapter, we question this seemingly ubiquitous assumption.To start with, there is no robust and prevalent correlation between SNA in general and math abilities. After presenting an extended taxonomy for different SNA subtypes, we show that only some SNA subtypes correlate with math abilities, whereas others do not. We argue that these correlations are not conclusive for several reasons. (i) Their correlations vary (i.e., stronger SNA sometimes is related to better math ability, and sometimes to poorer math ability). (ii) The correlations might not show a genuine relation between space and number; rather mediator variables might explain the correlations. For instance, SNA tasks often involve an interference component tapping cognitive control functions (as in multi-digit number processing) or some relatively advanced reasoning skills or strategies. (iii) Finally, the direction of causality (if it exists) is far from resolved. While conventional theories suggest that spatial-numerical abilities underlie arithmetic skill, we argue that vice versa arithmetic abilities instead underlie performance in some spatial-numerical tasks used to assess spatial-numerical representations.On the other hand, benefits conferred by SNA trainings on math abilities seem to reinforce the claim that SNA underlies math abilities. We contend that tasks used in such trainings may tap several cognitive operations required in arithmetic, but not built-up fixed SNAs themselves. Therefore, we argue that using space is a powerful tool, especially for instructing and learning multi-digit numbers; however, this does not necessarily imply an internalized fixed mental number line.