julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Über Komplexe des Typs {(PhC=C)3P}3M(CO)3 (M = Cr, Mo, W) / On Complexes of the Type {(PhC=C)3P}3M(CO)3 (M = Cr, Mo, W)
2001-01-01

Abstract The tris(alkinyl)phosphine complexes {(PhC=C) 3 P} 3 M(CO) 3 , M = Cr (3a), Mo (3b), W (3c), are obtained from P(C=CPh) 3 and (C 6 H 15 N 3 )M(CO) 3 (C 6 H 15 N 3 = 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane) as stable yellow solids in good yields. While IR data indicate significant acceptor properties of the phosphane ligands, the X-ray structure analysis of 3c also allows the discussion of weak donor interactions.
Neuropsychological deficits in cerebellar syndromes
2001-01-01

Interest in the role of the cerebellum in cognitive functioning has been increasing in recent years, based on both theoretical considerations and empirical evidence. This review attempts to critically evaluate neuropsychological studies based on standardized testing of patients with selective cerebellar dysfunction. Findings are considered which address possible cerebellar influence on motor adaptation and habituation, motor skill acquisition, classical conditioning of motor responses, temporal processing, general intellectual abilities, frontal lobe functions, visuospatial abilities, memory and non-motor skill learning, and language. Deficits in motor learning and temporal processing are consistently observed in patients with cerebellar syndromes, while deficits in frontal lobe functions, visuospatial processing, memory, non-motor skill learning and language dysfunction have been reported in several studies, but have not been replicated in others. Methodological factors which may account for such discrepancies are discussed.
Towards a platform for linearization grammars
2001-01-01

ional phrase structure based grammar. Finally, most of the work on BABEL has focussed on the linguistic side of the implemented theory, so that apart from the points discussed in Muller (1999b) the question which computational optimizations of parsing linearization grammars could be applied is essentially left open. In this paper we want to report on our ongoing work to provide a computational platform for HPSG linearization grammars. We are extending a version of the phrase structure based ALE system (Carpenter and Penn, 1994) so that certain kinds of HPSG linearization grammars can be specified and processed as such. 2 More concretely, the ALE system is extended with a parser for discontinuous We would like to thank Stefan Muller, Gerald Penn and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable feedback on an earlier version of this paper. For comments, please contact us at ffouvry, dmg@sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de.&amp;lt;F7.206
TüSBL
2001-01-01

Chunk parsing has focused on the recognition of partial constituent structures at the level of individual chunks. Little attention has been paid to the question of how such partial analyses can be combined into larger structures for complete utterances.The TüSBL parser extends current chunk parsing techniques by a tree-construction component that extends partial chunk parses to complete tree structures including recursive phrase structure as well as function-argument structure. TüSBL's tree construction algorithm relies on techniques from memory-based learning that allow similarity-based classification of a given input structure relative to a pre-stored set of tree instances from a fully annotated treebank.A quantitative evaluation of TüSBL has been conducted using a semi-automatically constructed treebank of German that consists of appr. 67,000 fully annotated sentences. The basic PARSEVAL measures were used although they were developed for parsers that have as their main goal a complete analysis that spans the entire input. This runs counter to the basic philosophy underlying TüSBL, which has as its main goal robustness of partially analyzed structures.
Fragmentation studies of tetrahydropyridocarbazole derivatives by EI, ESI‐MS/MS and FAB
2001-01-01

Four tetrahydropyridocarbazole derivatives were analysed by different mass spectrometry techniques: electrospray ionization, fast atom bombardment and by low and high resolution 70 eV electron ionization. Retro Diels Alder is the main fragmentation pathway, whereas other pathways leading to [M—1] + , [M—CH 3 ] + and double charge ions also occur to considerable extents. Semi‐empirical calculation provided some evidence on the nature of tropylium ions [M—1] + . Calculation of ΔHf 0 indicated that [M + —1] could be formed preferentially when a hydrogen atom is lost from the methyl substituent of the homoaromatic ring.
Dialogism in Caryl Phillips'sCambridge, or the democratisation of cultural memory
2001-01-01

Abstract This article sets out to re‐evaluate Caryl Phillips's novel Cambridge in the light of its intertextual dimension. It illustrates how the novel is carefully and deliberately composed of innumerable fragments of 18th and 19th century travelogues and histories on the one hand, and early black British writings on the other. In a major artistic and imaginative achievement, Phillips thus not only sets two fictional characters, but also two entire discourses on slavery into dialogic relation. It'is in this dialogue that the silences and ideological delusions on both sides begin to surface, and to eventually resonate in the re‐negotiation of our cultural memories today.
SUBSTANCES WITH ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY IN EFFLUENTS OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS IN SOUTHWESTERN GERMANY. 2. BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
2001-01-01

The proliferation test with human estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells (E-Screen assay) was applied for quantitative determination of total estrogenic activity in 24-h composite effluent samples from 16 municipal and two industrial sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the state of Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. The estrogenic efficacy relative to the positive control, 17β-estradiol, was between 26 and 74% (median, 48%) for the 16 municipal STPs. Estradiol equivalent concentrations (EEQs) were between 0.2 and 7.8 ng/L (median, 1.6 ng/L) and, thereby, were lower than those found in a pilot study, which revealed EEQs of greater than 10 ng/L in the effluents of two other STPs. The EEQs in 14 of the 16 effluent samples were very similar (0.9–3.3 ng/L), indicating a rather constant input of estrogenic substances via STPs into rivers. Additional activated charcoal filtration turned out to be very efficient in further eliminating estrogenic activity from effluents. The EEQs of the E-Screen assay and those calculated from the results of extensive chemical analysis using the estradiol equivalency factors determined for 13 natural and synthetic estrogenic substances were comparable for most of the effluent samples. 17β-Estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and, to a lesser extent, estrone contributed to 90% or more of the EEQ value.
Question/answer congruence and the semantics of wh-phrases
2001-01-01

This paper is about the semantics of wh-phrases. It is argued that wh-phrases should not be analyzed as indefinites as, for example, Karttunen (1977) and many others have done, but as functional expressions with an indefinite core -their function being to restrict possible focus/background structures in direct or congruent answers. This will be argued for on the basis of observations made with respect to the distribution of term answers in well-formed question/answer sequences. This claim having been established, it will be integrated in a categorial variant of Schwarzschild's (1999) information-theoretic approach to F-marking and accent placement, and – second – its consequences with respect to the focus/background structure of wh-questions will be outlined.&#x0D;
Extracellular ATP activates transcription factor NFAT in mouse microglial cells
2001-01-01

Abstract The effect of extracellular ATP on the activation of NFAT, an important transcription factor involved in cytokine expression, was investigated in the mouse microglial cell line N9. Incubation with ATP resulted in the potent and rapid activation of NFAT. Both NFAT1 and NFAT2 were activated by a calcineurin‐dependent pathway that required the influx of extracellular Ca 2+ . Inhibition of calcineurin by immunosuppressive drugs or Ca 2+ chelation prevented ATP‐induced activation and nuclear translocation of NFAT. Activation of NFAT by ATP involved a P2X 7 purinoreceptor‐mediated pathway. 2′,3′ ‐(4‐benzoyl)‐benzoyl‐ATP, an ATP analog with high affinity to the P2X 7 receptor, was a strong agonist of NFAT activation. In addition, microglial N9 clones selected for the absence of P2X 7 , but still expressing the P2Y subtype, revealed no NFAT activation in response to ATP, although NFAT could be still triggered by agents increasing intracellular Ca 2+ . Our data therefore suggest that triggering of the P2X 7 receptor by extracellular ATP is a potent mediator of transcription factor NFAT activation, and thus could be involved in early proinflammatory processes in the immune and nervous system. Drug Dev. Res. 52:213–219, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE (µ − ,e + ) CONVERSION IN NUCLEI MEDIATED BY LIGHT MAJORANA NEUTRINOS
2001-01-01

We study the lepton number violating (μ−, e+) conversion in nuclei mediated by the exchange of virtual light Majorana neutrinos. We found that a previously overlooked imaginary part of this amplitude plays an important role. The numerical calculation has been made for the experimentally interesting (μ−, e+) conversion in 48T i using realistic renormalized proton-neutron QRPA wave functions. We also discuss the very similar case of the neutrinoless double beta decay of 48Ca. The ratio of (μ−, e+) conversion over the total μ− absorption has been computed taking into account the current constraints from neutrino oscillation phenomenology. We compare our results with the experimental limits as well as with previous theoretical predictions. We have found that the Majorana neutrino mode of (μ−, e+) conversion in 48T i is too small to be measurable in the foreseeable future.
Oxidative stress in atherogenesis: Basic mechanisms and problems of therapy with antioxidants.
2001-01-01

Oxidative stress during atherogenesis seems to correlate with different phases of plaque development and can be associated with different types of reactive species. Because plaque remodelling and stabilization may also be a phase of increased free radical generation, therapeutic antioxidants must exert specific and selective activity; in particular, whether their oxidized form acts pro-oxidatively must be determined.
Developing a stage lighting system from scratch
2001-01-01

Lula is a system for computer-assisted stage lighting design and control. Whereas other systems for the same purpose are usually the results of long chains of incremental improvements of historic concepts, Lula represents a complete redesign. Whereas other systems focus on control aspects of lighting, Lula focuses on design and generates control information from it. This approach gives significantly more flexibility to the lighting designer and shortens the design process itself. Lula's design and implementation draw from a number of disciplines in advanced programming. It is written in Scheme and runs atop PLT Scheme, and benefits from its high-level GUI library. Lula uses an algebraic model for lighting looks based on just three combinators. It employs Functional Reactive Programming for all dynamic aspects of lighting, and is programmable via a functional reactive domain-specific language. Lula is an actual product and has users who have neither interest in nor knowledge of functional programming.
A framework for object oriented hardware specification, verification, and synthesis
2001-01-01

We describe two things. First, we present a uniform framework for object oriented specification and verification of hardware. For this purpose the object oriented language "e" is introduced along with a powerful run-time environment that enables the designer to perform the verification task. Second, we present an object oriented synthesis that enhances "e" and its dedicated run-time environment into a framework for specification, verification, and synthesis. The usability of our approach is demonstrated by real-world examples.
A Functional Notation for Functional Dependencies
2001-01-01

Functional dependencies help resolve many of the ambiguities that result from the use of multi-parameter type classes. They effectively enable writing programs at the type-level which significantly enhances the expressive power of Haskell&amp;apos;s type system. Among the applications of this technique are the emulation of dependent types, and precise typechecking for XML and HTML combinator libraries. Unfortunately, the notation presently used for functional dependencies implies that the type-level programs are logic programs, but many of its applications are conceptually functional programs. We propose an alternative notation for functional dependencies which adds a functional-programming notation to Haskell&amp;apos;s type classes and makes applications of functional dependencies significantly more readable. We apply the new notation to our examples and study the problems arising due to Haskell&amp;apos;s open world assumption and overlapping instances.
Object oriented hardware synthesis and verification
2001-01-01

The synthesis of hardware from object oriented specifications is presented. Our approach utilizes the e language that has been proven to be highly efficient for the verification of hardware. The e language is similar to Java and provides additional constructs for specification and verification of hardware. We describe an automated design flow for the synthesis of object oriented descriptions that tightly integrates simulation based verification. The usability of our approach is demonstrated by real-world examples.
From chunks to function-argument structure
2001-01-01

Chunk parsing has focused on the recognition of partial constituent structures at the level of individual chunks. Little attention has been paid to the question of how such partial analyses can be combined into larger structures for complete utterances. Such larger structures are not only desirable for a deeper syntactic analysis. They also constitute a necessary prerequisite for assigning function-argument structure.The present paper offers a similarity-based algorithm for assigning functional labels such as subject, object, head, complement, etc. to complete syntactic structures on the basis of prechunked input.The evaluation of the algorithm has concentrated on measuring the quality of functional labels. It was performed on a German and an English treebank using two different annotation schemes at the level of function-argument structure. The results of 89.73 % correct functional labels for German and 90.40 % for English validate the general approach.
Discrete Hodge-Operators: an Algebraic Perspective - Abstract
2001-01-01

Discrete differential forms should be used to deal with the discretization of boundary value problems that can be stated in the calculus of differential forms. This approach preserves the topological features of the equations. Yet, the discrete counterparts of the metric-dependent constitutive laws remain elusive. I introduce a few purely algebraic constraints that matrices associated with discrete material laws have to satisfy. It turns out that most finite element and finite volume schemes comply with these requirements. Thus convergence analysis can be conducted in a unified setting. This discloses basic sufficient conditions that discrete material laws have to meet in order to ensure convergence in the relevant energy norms.
HIGHER ORDER WHITNEY FORMS - Abstract
2001-01-01

Abstract The calculus of differential forms can be used to devise a unified description of discrete differential forms of any order and polynomial degree on simplicial meshes in any spatial dimension. A general formula for suitable degrees of freedom is also available. Fundamental properties of nodal interpolation can be established easily. It turns out that higher order spaces, including variants with locally varying polynomial order, emerge from the usual Whitney-forms by local augmentation. This paves the way for an adaptive p-version approach to discrete differential forms.
Myocardial Troponin T Release Is Associated with Enhanced Fibrinolysis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes
2001-01-01

Summary Patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) frequently present with signs of disturbed fibrinolysis. The present study investigates the correlation of alterations in the fibrinolytic system and the amount of myocardial damage characterized by troponin release. In 85 patients with ACS markers of plasmin activation, plasminogen activator system and troponin T (TnT) were measured initially and after 48 h. Patients with TnT release (≥ 0.01 g/l) at admission had higher TPA levels than those without release (10.2 ± 0.7 ng/ml vs. 7.6 ± 0.5 ng/ml; p &lt;0.01). Additionally, patients with positive TnT had higher D-dimer levels initially (457 ± 39 ng/ml vs. 316 ± 22 ng/ml; p &lt; 0.01) and 48 h later (451 ± 42 ng/ml vs. 275 ± 37 ng/ml; p &lt; 0.01). The association of myocardial damage with a prothrombotic state and an enhanced fibrinolysis may explain the high prognostic value of troponin measurements in respect to future coronary events.
Improving Web-Based Training Using an XML Content Base
2001-01-01

In this paper we point out the benefits of using structured content in Web Based Training (WBT) scenarios. Using an XML compliant subset of the DocBook document type definition --enriched with semantics for interactive hypermedia and educational elements-- we present a complete publishing workflow for educational online material. Original content is authored in an SGML/XML editor, then processed into a set of XML files containing course structure and contents. Finally a web server extension written in Java (servlet) renders this XML content on-the-fly into HTML pages according to learner preferences, desired target media or current educational situation. All user requests and their parameters are logged into a relational database. This allows the collection and sharing of comparable data on applicability and effectiveness of the content and helps to improve the quality of future online courses. 1.
[Neural networks and pain processing. New insights from imaging techniques].
2001-01-01

Imaging techniques with high spatial and temporal resolution (PET,fMRI, MEG) provide detailed information about the brains' processing of pain. Structures detected by these techniques are not understood as pain centers but as nodal points of a dynamic network which is influenced by physiological and psychological input. Imaging techniques can be used for the investigation of different pain components. The neuronal network that encodes sensory-discriminative information consists of the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex which receive input from lateral thalamic nuclei. Information for the affective pain component reach the anterior cingulate cortex, insula and prefrontal cortex via medial thalamic nuclei. Until now only little is known about cortical structures mediating the cognitive pain component. In chronic pain the cortical and subcortical processing of nociceptive input is presumably modified. Reorganization in the primary somatosensory cortex is presented as an example of neuronal plasticity induced by chronic pain.
Macular dystrophy with protan genotype and phenotype studied with cone type specific ERGs
2001-01-01

Our novel stimulus technique allows a reliable analysis of the separate cone pathways even in cases with macular dysfunction. The increased thresholds and the abnormal phase behavior of the M-cone driven ERGs reflect altered mechanisms of the retinal physiology in this patient. The data strongly suggest that the macular dystrophy and the protanopia have independent origins.
Determination of Protein-Protein Interactions of ICln by the Yeast Two-Hybrid System
2001-01-01

ICln is a ubiquitously expressed eukaryotic protein. Expression of the protein in Xenopus laevis oocytes, the knocking-down of the protein in fibroblasts, or the reconstitution of the protein in lipid bilayer led to the assumption that this protein is an ionic channel or a significant part thereof. However, other possible roles for ICln in potential regulatory mechanisms have been postulated, as diverse as regulator of cell morphology by interacting with the Skb1 protein and/or interaction with core spliceosomal proteins. Here we show that ICln is able to interact with SnRNP core proteins SmD1, SmD2, SmD3, SmX5 and SmB/B'.
Learning computational grammars
2001-01-01

This paper reports on the LEARNING COMPUTATIONAL GRAMMARS (LCG) project, a postdoc network devoted to studying the application of machine learning techniques to grammars suitable for computational use.We were interested in a more systematic survey to understand the relevance of many factors to the success of learning, esp. the availability of annotated data, the kind of dependencies in the data, and the availability of knowledge bases (grammars).We focused on syntax, esp.
Pion production in pN collisions near threshold
2001-01-01

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. Złomańczuk, R. Bilger, W. Brodowski, H. Calén, H. Clement, C. Ekström, K. Fransson, G. Fäldt, L. Gustafsson, B. Höistad, J. Johanson, A. Johansson, T. Johansson, K. Kilian, S. Kullander, A. Kupść, B. Morosov, W. Oelert, R. J. M. Y. Ruber, J. Stepaniak, A. Sukhanov, P. Sundberg, A. Turowiecki, G. J. Wagner, Z. Wilhelmi, C. Wilkin, J. Zabierowski, A. Zernov; Pion production in pN collisions near threshold. AIP Conf. Proc. 15 December 2001; 603 (1): 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1436602 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Synthesis and Vasorelaxant Potency of Monagra. A Chiral 5-(2-Methyl-2,3-dihydro-7-benzofuryl)pyrazolopyrimidone Analog of Viagra®
2001-01-01

Synthesis and properties of a chiral 5-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-7benzofuryl)pyrazolo [4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (3), an analog of Viagra ® (1) and Biagra (2), are described.The key material, (±)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxylic acid (8a) was resolved into the (S)-8b (95% ee) and (R)-8c (99% ee) enantiomers using, respectively, (-)-cinchonidine and (+)-cinchonine.The absolute configuration of 8c was determined as R by X-Ray measurements.Preliminary in vitro experiments on rat isolated thoracic aorta show that the vasorelaxant potency of 3b,c is truly higher than that of 1 and 2.
From effective actions to actual effects
2001-01-01

The construction of low-energy effective actions in QED for several types of\\nexternal conditions is reviewed. Emphasis is put on the application of these\\neffective actions to a variety of physical effects which represent a\\nmanifestation of vacuum polarization. Soft-photon interactions with external\\nelectromagnetic fields and/or a heat bath are described, pair production at\\nfinite temperature is discussed, and finally a glance at photon-neutrino\\ninteractions is provided.\\n
Purchasing Power Parity: Granger Causality Tests for the Yen- Dollar Exchange Rate
2001-01-01

Abstract: The paper analyses the causality between the Japanese-US relative export prices and the yen-dollar exchange rate. It explains why the Japanese yen proved strong even during the economic slump of the 1990s. The paper suggests that the appreciation of the Japanese yen forced the Japanese enterprises into price reductions and productivity increases, which put a floor under the high level of the yen and thus initiated rounds of appre-ciation. This corresponds to the conjecture of a vicious (virtuous) circle of appreciation and price adaptation. JEL 31