julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
MprF-mediated lysinylation of phospholipids in Bacillus subtilis – protection against bacteriocins in terrestrial habitats?
2002-11-01

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Cellular immunity to viral and fungal antigens after stem cell transplantation
2002-11-01

Cellular immunity to viral and fungal antigens is often suppressed after stem cell transplantation. Viral infections, in particular infections with cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, are often reactivated after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Pathogenetic factors are immune deficiency and T-cell stimulation in the course of graft-versus-host reactions. Fungal infections are opportunistic infections derived with ubiquitous microorganisms. Immune deficiency, neutropenia, steroid treatment, and antibiotic treatment contribute to the pathogenesis. The study of viral and fungal immunity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation gives insight into the reconstitution of the immune system and tolerance.
Low temperature conversion of sludge and shavings from leather industry
2002-11-01

Brazil has one of the largest herds of cattle in the world, with more than 170 million heads. Over 400 farms have exported more than 2,875 ton (in 1997) of leather to Europe. The wet blue tanning process uses chemicals such as chromium compounds and produces liquid wastes that must be treated by physico-chemical and biological systems. About 15,000 ton per month of dewatering sludge with 24% solids content is disposed of into landfills. During the process, pre-tanned skins (wet blue leather) are shaved to the desired thickness and the shavings, like sludge, are among the wastes that must have special attention. The organic content and chromium concentration are high. About 12% of the leather production from cattle hides are shavings, and its chromium concentration ranges from 3.5 to 5.5% of dry matter. The Environmentally friendly leather project, a co-operation between Brazilian and German tanneries, universities and technical schools, is looking for process optimisation, waste minimisation and adequate treatment for solid and liquid wastes from the leather industry. This work presents results of Low Temperature Conversion of chrome-containing sludge and shavings in a laboratory batch reactor, offering a solution for these hazardous wastes, recovering the energy content and transforming metals in insoluble sulphides.
Acid-Induced Rearrangement Reactions of Reduced Benzoquinone Cyclopentadiene Cycloadducts
2002-11-01

Several Diels-Alder adducts between benzoquinones and cyclopentadiene were reduced to the corresponding diols 7a-c and 11. Treatment of these diols with strong acid triggered a skeletal rearrangement reaction resulting in compounds 8a-c and 12 that contain a 4,8-methanoazulene substructure. In addition, a dyotropic-like rearrangement of the tetracyclic lactone 13 to the spiro-lactone 18 was observed. Five of the structures were supported by X-ray analysis.
Age‐dependency of insulin‐like growth factors, insulin‐like growth factor–binding proteins, and acid labile subunit in plasma and wounds of surgical patients
2002-11-01

Wound problems are common in the elderly. We hypothesized that age‐related decrements in blood levels of components of the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system are reflected in the wound environment. In this prospective, observational study IGF‐I, IGF‐II, IGF‐binding protein‐2, IGF‐binding protein‐3, and acid labile subunit were measured by immunoassays in the wound fluid and plasma of young (23.5 ± 3.3 years) and elderly (78.9 ± 6.2 years) patients before and daily for 4 days after elective surgery. IGFs, IGFBP‐3, and acid labile subunit in plasma were significantly lower in the elderly group ( p &lt; 0.0001). The decrements of these proteins in plasma were reflected in corresponding decrements of 25–70% in the wound fluid of elderly patients ( p &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, bioavailability of IGF‐I was less in the aged. The IGF parameters in the wound displayed a constant ratio with those of blood, suggesting that blood contributes a major share of the IGF that enters the wound during the initial phase of healing. The current data adds to accumulating evidence that a decline in the IGF system in aged patients contributes to the healing deficits observed in the elderly. (WOUND REP REG 2002;10:360–365)
Partitioning and pore‐filling: Solubility‐normalized sorption isotherms of nonionic organic contaminants in soils and sediments
2002-11-01

Abstract Nonlinear sorption of hydrophobic organic pollutants in soils and sediments can be described by a combination of partitioning and adsorption (pore‐filling) mechanisms. Both the partitioning and the pore‐filling models plot sorptive uptake vs. solubility‐normalized aqueous concentrations, which yields “collapsing” sorption isotherms for similar compounds. With this new concept, sorption of a variety of similar compounds could be predicted based on measured data of one probe chemical. The solubility‐normalized Freundlich model predicts an inverse linear relationship between the sorption coefficient measured at a given relative concentration vs. solubility, S , which is demonstrated for 3 partitioning dominated samples from Bangladesh (soil, aquifer sediment, peat) and 4 compounds (carbofuran, trichloroethene, 1,2‐dichlorobenzene, phenanthrene) as well as for 2 activated carbons (F300, F400), and a wide variety of compounds (literature data). Future research will focus on the improvement of prediction of sorption in soils and sediments by including other normalization parameters, such as molar volume, polarizability, etc., in addition to the water solubility.
Gain in thigh muscle strength after balance training in male and female judokas
2002-11-01

In a previous study, balance training yielded a gain in strength in middle-aged men and women [6]. However, whether such training can yield positive results in highly conditioned athletes has not been addressed. A group of 10 male and 10 female judokas volunteered for a 6-week balance training on rolling boards, pegtops, soft mats and large rubber balls 3 times per week. Pre- and post training of two-legged balance was measured on a stabilometer, one-legged standing time on a narrow rim and bilateral isokinetic strength at 60°/s concentric and eccentric modes, 120°/s concentric mode and isometrically for the knee extensors and flexors. Except for concentric movement at 60°/s in women, significant improvements in strength were indicated. It is therefore concluded that balance training may be useful for both male and female judokas for increasing strength and balance.
Differential Renal Response to Nω-Nitro-l-Arginine Methyl Ester and l-Arginine in Rats With Hypertensive or Diabetic Nephropathy
2002-11-01

The present experiments were designed to assess the renal functional response to alterations in nitric oxide formation in animals with different forms of nephropathy. To address this issue, the effects of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or L-arginine were assessed in animal models exhibiting arterial hypertension due to chronic nitric oxide inhibition (L-NAME, 50 mg/l in drinking water for 12 weeks) or diabetes mellitus (streptozotocin, 60 mg/kg IP). Vehicle-treated, age-matched animals served as controls. Following 12 weeks of pretreatment, mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal hemodynamics, urinary albumin, and electrolyte excretion were determined in standard clearance experiments prior to and following infusion of L-NAME (50 microg/kg/min), l-arginine (5 mg/kg/min), or saline vehicle. In control animals, L-NAME resulted in an increase in MAP and renal vascular resistance and a decline in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow, as expected. L-arginine had no effect on renal hemodynamics. In nitric oxide-depleted hypertensive animals, L-NAME had no additional effect on MAP or renal hemodynamics. Infusion of L-arginine reduced elevated MAP but did not reverse changes in renal hemodynamics. Diabetic rats demonstrated glomerular hyperfiltration and proteinuria. No significant changes in MAP or renal hemodynamics were observed following infusion of L-NAME or L-arginine, respectively. However, L-NAME increased urinary albumin excretion in the absence of hemodynamic changes. The effects of nitric oxide on vascular tone were shown to be dependent on the vascular bed and the underlying disease. Variations in local nitric oxide formation and susceptibility may account for the differential response of the systemic and renal vasculature and contribute to the degree of renal functional impairment observed in different systemic diseases.
The ESR geochronology and geology of the open‐air Palaeolithic deposits in Bollschweil, Germany*
2002-11-01

This paper presents ESR (electron spin resonance) ages of rhinoceros and equine tooth enamel from the open‐air Palaeolithic site of Bollschweil on the western edge of the Black Forest near Freiburg, Germany. Bollschweil is one of very few archaeological sites in southern Germany to yield Lower or Middle Palaeolithic faunal and lithic materials from a buried, open‐air context. The geological context of the archaeological remains indicates that the loessic sediments have been reworked. Excavation at this site yielded a cold‐period fauna characterized by bones of mammoth, horse, large bovids and wooly rhinoceros. In the absence of any clear chronostratigraphic marker horizons, the age of the finds could not be determined without the use of a chronometric dating method. Lithic artefacts from the site, including a handaxe and a side scraper, suggest either a Middle Pleistocene or early Late Pleistocene age. The ESR dating results indicate that the deposit enclosing the archaeological finds should be assigned to oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 6, although there exists some possibility that some teeth were deposited later, in OIS 5.
Bischler-Napieralski Synthesis of Some New Pyrazole-Fused β-Carbolines
2002-11-01

3-(4-Acylaminopyrazol-5-yl)-4-methylindoles (13a,b), under Bischler-Napieralski reaction conditions, undergo cyclization at the pyrrolic carbon-2 with ultimate formation of the corresponding pyrazolo[3,4:5′,6′]pyrido[3,4-b]indoles (14a,b) as evidenced by crystal structure analysis of 14a.
Domains of Holomorphy with Edges and Lower Dimensional Boundary Singularities
2002-11-01

It is shown that a domain in C N with piecewise smooth boundary (and also of some more general shape) is a domain of holomorphy, provided the Levi form at every regular point is positively semidefinite and the tangent cone is convex at every point outside a boundary subset of zero Hausdorff (2N-2)-dimensional measure.
Synthesis and Structure of 1,3-Diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium N,N'-Diphenylureate
2002-11-01

1,3-Diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium diphenylureate (4) has been obtained from 2,3- dihydro-1,3-diisopropyl-3,4-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (3) and N,N'-diphenylurea in good yield. The crystal structure of 4 contains dimeric ureate anions linked by unsymmetrical NHN hydrogen bonds while only weak interactions are detected between the imidazolium cations and the anions.
Is it Safe to Program a Long Tachycardia Detection Interval?
2002-11-01

Safety of Detection in an ICD. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy is used frequently in patients with “slow” ventricular tachycardia (VT). Hence, the tachycardia detection interval is programmed within the range of the physiologic heart rate, but this may cause serious problems. If a fast VT is converted to sinus tachycardia with a cycle length shorter than the tachycardia detection interval, the episode is not terminated and the success counter is not reset. If this happens repeatedly, therapies will be exhausted without termination of the episode. If VT recurs within such an episode, it will not be treated. This report describes a patient who died suddenly in a scenario similar to the one described. Although all documented VT/ventricular fibrillation episodes were terminated by the device, the episode was not terminated because of the ongoing supraventricular tachycardia. Therefore, no further therapies were available and the patient probably died of fast untreated VT. Programming of a long tachycardia detection interval is dangerous in currently available ICDs.
The Accretion Rates and Spectral Energy Distributions of BL Lacertae Objects
2002-11-04

We investigate the relationship between accretion rates and the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of BL Lac objects, using a sample of objects for which published information on the host galaxies, emission-line luminosities, and peak frequencies and luminosities of their SEDs are available. The sample is composed of 43 BL Lac objects which have a relatively continuous distribution of peak frequencies. Under the assumption that the observed emission lines are photoionized by the central accretion disk, we use the line luminosities to estimate the accretion luminosities and hence accretion rates. We find that low frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (LBLs) span a wide range of accretion rates, whereas high frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs) cover a more restricted range of lower values. There appears to be a continuous distribution of accretion rates between the two subclasses of BL Lac objects. We find that the peak frequency of the SED, , correlates with the accretion rate, approximately with the form in HBLs and in LBLs, where . The peak luminosity of the SED is also correlated with . These results suggest that the accretion rate influences the shape of the SED in BL Lac objects. They also support models which couple the jet and the accretion disk. We present a physical scenario to account for the empirical trends.
State of the art review: Molecular diagnosis of inherited movement disorders. Movement Disorders Society task force on molecular diagnosis
2002-11-04

Abstract This review is designed to provide practical help for the clinical neurologist to make appropriate use of the possibilities of molecular diagnosis of inherited movement disorders. Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and parkinsonian syndromes, ataxias, Wilson disease, essential tremor, dystonias, and other genetic diseases associated with a variety of movement disorders are considered separately.
Efficacy of Atovaquone/Proguanil for Malaria Prophylaxis in Children and Its Effect on the Immunogenicity of Live Oral Typhoid and Cholera Vaccines
2002-11-05

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to measure the impact of malaria prophylaxis with atovaquone/proguanil (A-P) on the immunogenicity of vaccines against typhoid fever and cholera, Salmonella serotype Typhi Ty21a and Vibrio cholerae CVD103-HgR, respectively. A total of 330 Gabonese schoolchildren were assigned to receive either A-P or placebo for 12 weeks. Vaccination occurred 3 weeks after the start of prophylaxis, and immunogenicity was assessed 4 weeks after vaccination. The protective efficacy of A-P against Plasmodium falciparum malaria was of 97% (95% confidence interval, 79%-100%). The 2 treatment groups did not differ significantly with regard to changes in antibody titers after vaccination (P=.96 for anti-S. Typhi IgG antibodies, P=.07 for anti-S. Typhi IgA antibodies, and P=.64 for vibriocidal antibodies). The A-P combination was highly effective for malaria prophylaxis, without interfering with the in vivo immunogenicity of CVD103-HgR and Ty21a vaccines, and it could therefore be simultaneously administered with these vaccines.
Immune Responses Induced by Repeated Treatment Do Not Result in Protective Immunity toSchistosoma haematobium:Interleukin (IL)–5 and IL‐10 Responses
2002-11-05

The hypothesis that repeated treatments enhance acquired immunity against schistosomes by stimulating strong T helper 2 responses was tested. Schistosoma haematobium-infected schoolchildren were monitored for 3 years. During the first 2 years, children who did not receive chemotherapy were compared with those treated once or repeatedly. After specific immune responses were measured at 24 months, praziquantel was given to all children to clear any schistosome infections. Twelve months later, the infection status of the children was determined and compared with cytokine profiles at month 24, to gain insight into which immunologic profiles can predict resistance or susceptibility to schistosome infections. Repeated treatment led to high specific levels of interleukin (IL)-5 and low interferon-gamma production but did not protect against reinfection. After adjusting for variables, such as sex, age, and infection status at study onset, high levels of parasite-specific IL-10 were a risk factor for reinfection, and high levels of IL-5 were associated with hematuria development.
Characterisation of the katA gene encoding a catalase and evidence for at least a second catalase activity in Staphylococcus xylosus, bacteria used in food fermentation
2002-11-05

The catalase gene katA of Staphylococcus xylosus was cloned. It encodes a protein of 494 amino acids with a molecular mass of 56.9 kDa, closely related to monofunctional catalases. A katA mutant still showed a relatively high catalase activity demonstrating that S. xylosus possesses more than one enzyme. By Southern blot analysis using a katA probe, a second genetic locus distinct from katA was detected that probably contained the additional catalase gene. To analyse katA expression, a transcriptional fusion of the katA promoter region to a promoterless beta-galactosidase gene was integrated into the genome of S. xylosus. katA expression is induced upon entry into stationary phase, by oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Iron and manganese depletion induced katA transcription. Comparing the resistance of S. xylosus wild-type and the katA mutant strain to hydrogen peroxide clearly showed that KatA is essential for S. xylosus to cope with hydrogen peroxide stress. Therefore, S. xylosus has at least two differentially expressed catalases.
Strange nucleon form factors in the perturbative chiral quark model
2002-11-06

We apply the perturbative chiral quark model at one loop to calculate the\\nstrange form factors of the nucleon. A detailed numerical analysis of the\\nstrange magnetic moments and radii of the nucleon, and also the momentum\\ndependence of the form factors is presented.\\n
The Virtual Automation Lab-Web based teaching of automation engineering concepts
2002-11-07

Our Virtual Automation Lab is a Web based interactive learning environment for both Computer Science and Automation Engineering concepts within a virtual university setting. We describe three Lab exercises in which students learn how to operate CAN fieldbus devices without any physical proximity to the devices themselves. One of the exercises is a pure simulation realized with a Java applet. In the other exercises, Java applets provide a remote interface to a server which acts as a bridge between the Internet and the CAN fieldbus. No proprietary software has to be installed and no browser plug-ins are needed to access the devices via the Internet. While our exercises pave the ground for teaching Lab based courses over the Internet, or enriching physical Labs with virtual devices that are located elsewhere, our Java based software solutions may also form the basis for industrial applications like remote control, monitoring, maintenance, or data acquisition.
Implementing collaboration-based designs using aspect-oriented programming
2002-11-07

The collaboration based approach is a powerful means to develop modularised systems by stepwise refinement. The authors introduce a novel approach to realise a collaboration based design. Our approach is based on the well known observation that the knowledge about inter-object collaborations cannot be localised within objects but cross-cuts many objects. Such cross-cutting concerns are effectively addressed by applying the separation of concerns principle. We have therefore employed aspect oriented programming (AOP) to build collaboration based designs. We illustrate and discuss our aspect oriented approach both for the horizontal (i.e. the collaborations) and vertical (i.e. the refinements) dimensions. Although the example implementations are based on AspectJ0.4beta7 from Xerox PARC, the approach is generic enough to be implemented using other AOP techniques.
Collision adaptive particle systems
2002-11-07

Particle systems have been widely employed to simulate deformable objects, most prominently virtual textiles. We introduce particle systems that adaptively generate new particles wherever this is required to model collisions correctly. When coarse meshes collide with an object they are automatically refined. Therefore this model allows physically accurate simulations that require a much smaller number of particles than regular particle systems. This allows for fast simulations with coarse meshes.
Static timing analysis of embedded software on advanced processor architectures
2002-11-07

This paper examines several techniques for static timing analysis. In detail, the first part of the paper analyzes the connection of prediction accuracy (worst case execution time) and applicability of a methodology for modeling and analysis of instruction as well as data cache behavior. The second part of the paper proposes a timing analysis technique for super-scalar processors. The objects of our studies are two processors of the PowerPC family, in particular the PPC403 and the MPC750.
Checking temporal properties under simulation of executable system descriptions
2002-11-07

The verification of systems, i.e., hardware or hardware/software systems, is an important task in the design process. More than 70% of the development time is spend for locating and correcting error in the design. Therefore, many techniques have been proposed to support the debugging process. Recently, simulation and test methods have been accompanied by formal methods such as equivalence checking and property checking. However, their industrial applicability is curl-entry restricted to small or medium sized designs of to a specific phase in the design cycle. In this paper, we present a method for verifying temporal properties of systems described in an executable description language. Our method allows the user to specify properties about the system in finite linear time temporal logic (FLTL). These properties are checked on-the-fly during each simulation run, and each violation is immediately indicated to the designer.
Real-world relativity: image-based special relativistic visualization
2002-11-07

This paper describes a novel rendering technique for special relativistic visualization. It is an image-based method which allows to render high speed flights through real-world scenes filmed by a standard camera. The relativistic effects on image generation are determined by the relativistic aberration of light, the Doppler effect, and the searchlight effect. These account for changes of apparent geometry, color and brightness of the objects. It is shown how the relativistic effects can be taken into account by a modification of the plenoptic function. Therefore, all known image-based nonrelativistic rendering methods can easily be extended to incorporate relativistic rendering. Our implementation allows interactive viewing of relativistic panoramas and the production of movies which show super-fast travel. Examples in the form of snapshots and film sequences are included.