julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Collision of Traditions. The Emergence of Logical Empiricism Betweenthe Riemannian and Helmholtzian Traditions
2013-01-01

This paper attempts to explain the emergence of the logical empiricist philosophy of space and time as a collision of mathematical traditions. The historical development of the ``Riemannian'' and ``Helmholtzian'' traditions in 19th century mathematics is investigated. Whereas Helmholtz's insistence on rigid bodies in geometry was developed group theoretically by Lie and philosophically by Poincare, Riemann's Habilitationsvotrag triggered Christoffel's and Lipschitz's work on quadratic differential forms, paving the way to Ricci's absolute differential calculus. The transition from special to general relativity is briefly sketched as a process of escaping from the Helmholtzian tradition and entering the Riemannian one. Early logical empiricist conventionalism, it is argued, emerges as the failed attempt to interpret Einstein's reflections on rods and clocks in general relativity through the conceptual resources of the Helmholtzian tradition. Einstein's epistemology of geometry should, in spite of his rhetorical appeal to Helmholtz and Poincare, be understood in the wake the Riemannian tradition and of its aftermath in the work of Levi-Civita, Weyl, Eddington, and others.
Elena A.A. Garcea, ed. South-Eastern Mediterranean Peoples between 130,000 and 10,000 Years Ago (Oxford and Oakville: Oxbow Books, 2010, 188pp., 86 figs., hbk, ISBN 978-1-84217-403-6)
2013-01-01

Elena A.A. Garcea, ed. South-Eastern Mediterranean Peoples between 130,000 and 10,000 Years Ago (Oxford and Oakville: Oxbow Books, 2010, 188pp., 86 figs., hbk, ISBN 978-1-84217-403-6) - Volume 16 Issue 1
Energy-weighted sum rules connecting ΔZ = 2 nuclei within the SO(8) model
2013-01-01

Energy-weighted sum rules associated with ΔZ = 2 nuclei are obtained for the Fermi and the Gamow-Teller operators within the SO(8) model. It is found that there is a dominance of contribution of a single state of the intermediate nucleus to the sum rule. The results confirm founding obtained within the SO(5) model that the energy-weighted sum rules of ΔZ = 2 nuclei are governed by the residual interactions of nuclear Hamiltonian. A short discussion concerning some aspects of energy weighted sum rules in the case of realistic nuclei is included.
Prion-like aspects of cerebral amyloidosis
2013-01-01

The commonality of many neurodegenerative disorders is the predictable temporal occurrence and progression of specific aggregated proteins in the brain. The hallmark proteopathy is Alzheimer’s disease in which aggregated amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is deposited in the brain parenchyma as amyloid plaques. Multiple evidence suggests that β-amyloidosis is induced by aggregated Aβ which can spread within and among brain regions and act as corruptive templates (seeds) that induce a chain-reaction of Aβ misfolding and aggregation. The insight that the prion paradigm may also apply to cerebral β-amyloidosis and other proteopathies suggests new avenues in search of biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies.
A Nanonewton Optical Force Trap
2013-01-01

To increase the maximum force of optical tweezers, we fabricated anti-reflection coated, high-refractive index titania microspheres. Using these microspheres, we demonstrate trapping forces exceeding a nanonewton enabling novel experiments in physics and biology.
Testing the single-state dominance hypothesis
2013-01-01

We present a theoretical analysis of the single-state dominance hypothesis for the two-neutrino double-beta decay process. The theoretical framework is a proton-neutron QRPA based on a deformed Hartree-Fock mean field with BCS pairing correlations. We focus on the decays of 100Mo, 116Cd and 128Te. We do not find clear evidences for single-state dominance within the present approach.
The Effect of Job Mobility on Academic Career Success - A Theoretical and Empirical Analyis
2013-01-01

We analyze how (inter)national mobility affects career success of academics. While previous studies find that mobility increases publication output, we argue that mobility might also serve as a signal to appointment committees thereby influencing directly career success. In our empirical analysis we measure academic career success by time to tenure and reputation of tenure granting institution, arguing that a shorter time to tenure and a higher reputation of tenure granting institution are both indicators for a more successful career in academia. Applying regressions and matching analysis we find that international mobility has no significant direct effect on career success, whereas national mobility negatively affects career success. While the non-existent effect of international mobility is surprising, the relation of the effects associated with the two types of mobility (national and international) is in line with our expectation.
HEROICA: A fast screening facility for the characterization of germanium detectors
2013-01-01

In the course of 2012, a facility for the fast screening of germanium detectors called HEROICA (Hades Experimental Research Of Intrinsic Crystal Appliances) has been installed at the HADES underground laboratory in the premises of the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, in Mol (Belgium). The facility allows performing a complete characterization of the critical germanium detectors' operational parameters with a rate of about two detectors per week.
Triggered fragmentation in gravitationally unstable discs: forming fragments at small radii
2013-01-01

We carry out three dimensional radiation hydrodynamical simulations of\\ngravitationally unstable discs using to explore the movement of mass in a disc\\nfollowing its fragmentation. Compared to a more quiescent state before it\\nfragments, the radial velocity of the gas increases by up to a factor of ~2-3\\nafter fragmentation. While the mass movement occurs both inwards and outwards,\\nthe inwards motion can cause the inner spirals to be sufficiently dense that\\nthey may become unstable and potentially fragment. Consequently, the dynamical\\nbehaviour of fragmented discs may cause subsequent fragmentation at smaller\\nradii after an initial fragment has formed in the outer disc.\\n
Abstract A61: MDSC phenotypes but not Tregs predict patient survival in unresectable stage IV melanoma independently of the type of treatment applied.
2013-01-01

Abstract Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive and treatment-resistant form of skin cancer with a steadily increasing incidence. Experimental immunotherapies may result in dramatic tumour regressions but only in a minority of patients. Defining biomarkers allowing identification of those who will survive long-term is crucial to understanding why this is so, and to patient selection. Here, we assessed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) for their association with survival in late-stage melanoma. We investigated their prognostic value in peripheral blood by polychromatic flow cytometry in a prospective study of 78 patients with unresectable stage IV melanoma treated in a variety of different ways (different peptide vaccinations, ipilimumab, chemotherapy, etc). Thus far, this had only been analyzed in small cohorts and with equivocal results. We investigated four different populations of MDSCs (CD14+CD11b+HLA-DRlo, CD14+CD15+CD11b+, CD14+IL4Ra+ and CD14-CD15+IL4Ra+) that have been associated with poorer outcome in cancers other than melanoma. Tregs were identified as CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and stratified into CD4+CD45RA+FoxP3lo (resting) and CD4+CD45RA-FoxP3hi (activated) Tregs. We found that the percentages of Tregs in patients were significantly greater than in healthy controls, but differences between patients in their frequencies were not associated with overall survival. In contrast, percentages of the four MDSC populations were not generally different in melanoma patients and controls. However, higher percentages of one population of MSDCs, CD14+CD11b+HLA-DRlo cells, did correlate with shorter survival in Kaplan-Meier analysis and were even superior to the M category in predicting patient survival. These results suggest the importance and potential usefulness of quantifying distinct MDSC populations in the peripheral blood of patients with melanoma for predicting the likelihood of responsiveness to therapy and long-term survival, independently of the nature of their treatment. This is consistent with the notion that anti-tumour immunity plays a crucial role in cancer survivorship, no matter which treatment is applied. Citation Format: Henning Zelba, Benjamin Weide, Alexander Martens, Graham Pawelec. MDSC phenotypes but not Tregs predict patient survival in unresectable stage IV melanoma independently of the type of treatment applied. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A61.
Practice Patterns for Improving Outcomes in Women with Ileal Neobladder: An Evidence-Based Analysis
2013-01-01

Introduction: The aim of this review is to provide practice pattern on how to obtain best possible oncological and functional outcomes in women with orthotopic neobladder substitutes. Evidence Synthesis: The treating surgeon has to balance oncological and functional risks as well as patient ́s preferences and the final decision must be based on consent between the surgeon and the patient. Long- term survival can be achieved in the majority of neobladder patients even with extravesical, node-negative disease. Therefore, surgeons should not be reluctant to proceed with an ileal neobladder in patients with locally advanded tumour stage excluding T4b stage, any positive soft tissue surgical margin and bulky lymph node disease. During preoperative work-up, women with a positive bladder neck biopsy may be still candidates for an orthotopic neobladder unless a carefully obtained full-thickness biopsy of the urethra reveals evidence of malignancy. The key issue in the follow-up of women with neobladder is to achieve a neobladder capacity of 400-500mL, residual free voiding of sterile urine and the elimination of any outlet or upper tract obstruction. Medical conditions (i.e. arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus) can also cause renal deterioration in the long-term and therefore demand early and thorough treatment. Conclusions: The clinical background of the treating urologist is of paramount importance for appropriate patient selection, accurate surgical performance and adequate monitoring of women with ileal neobladders. A high level of patient compliance and willingness to undergo follow-up examinations at regular intervals is mandatory for improved outcomes.
Three ways to view a sonnet: Metaphor and poetic structure in three translations of Shakespeare’s sonnet XC
2013-01-01

Abstract Shakespeare’s works have been translated many times throughout different historical eras, and these translations vary considerably both in their poetic form and in their cognitive underpinnings. This paper investigates the cognitive and poetic differences between three translations of Shakespeare’s sonnet XC: a 19th-century translation by F. A. Gelbcke (Gelbcke 1867), a translation by Paul Celan (Celan 1967) and a translation by A. Thalmayr (Thalmayr 1985). In particular, the use of conceptual metaphor across all versions is compared, and it is established that primary conceptual metaphors tend to remain intact across translations whereas complex conceptual metaphors tend to be replaced by different complex metaphors specific to the era and cultural background of the respective translators. This observation has broader implications for metaphor theory in general: Cross-linguistic studies of literary translations may be useable as a metric for the basic-ness or universality of metaphors. The poetic form variation found in the translations reflects the variation in metaphor material, and the mechanisms of foregrounding and parallelism postulated for poetic language by formalist poetics are shown to be useful for investigating the phenomenon of translation.
RFID fingerprint-based localization based on different resampling algorithms
2013-01-01

In order to meet the needs of precise positioning of the mobile robot,a fingerprint positioning method of particle filter based on different resampling algorithms was presented.Firstly,during the positioning phase,the motion model built on robot kinematics served as the proposal density of particle filter,and the observation information and environment fingerprint were infused into the filtering process to enhance the particles' refining capacity and reduce the required number of particles.Secondly,an Exquisite Resampling(ER) algorithm was introduced to improve the refining ability of the particles,thus the effect of particle impoverishment could be decreased and the localization accuracy could be improved.At last,the influence of the positioning accuracy caused by different re-sampling algorithms was analyzed,and a further investigation on the accuracy and reliability of localization algorithm from different experimental perspectives was given.The experimental results show that this algorithm has the advantages in localization accuracy and robustness.
Myeloid Differentiation of t(8;21)-positive Leukemic Cells AML1/MTG8 Oncogene Suppression by Small Interfering RNAs Supports
2013-01-01

Ł € Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors (795 articles)Ł € Neoplasia (4217 articles)Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collectionshttp://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub_requests Information about reproducing this article in parts or in its entirety may be found online at:http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#reprints Information about ordering reprints may be found online at:http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/site/subscriptions/index.xhtml Information about subscriptions and ASH membership may be found online at:
Efficient prediction of x-axis intercepts of discrete impedance spectra.
2013-01-01

Abstract. In impedance spectroscopy of epithelial cell layers, it is a common task to extrapolate discrete two-dimensional plots in order to determine electrical properties associated with axis intercepts. Here, we investigate how implicit properties of such curves can be used to predict the x-axis intercept where explicitly determined properties fail to do so. We perform feature extraction, algorithmic feature ranking and dimension reduction on model impedance spectra derived from a tissue-equivalent electric circuit. Selected feature subsets are assessed by training artificial neural networks to predict the intercept. Results show that subsets of three or less implicit features provide a reasonable basis for predictions. 1
Ternary fission induced by polarized neutrons
2013-01-01

Ternary fission of (e,e) U- and Pu- isotopes induced by cold polarized neutrons discloses some new facets of the process. In the so-called ROT effect shifts in the angular distributions of ternary particles relative to the fission fragments show up. In the so-called TRI effect an asymmetry in the emission of ternary particles relative to a plane formed by the fragment momentum and the spin of the neutron appear. The two effects are shown to be linked to the components of angular momentum perpendicular and parallel to the fission axis at the saddle point of fission. Based on theoretical models the spectroscopic properties of the collective transitional states at the saddle point are inferred from experiment.
Inference of Alternative Splicing from Tiling Array Data
2013-01-01

Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mechanism implicated in eukaryotic gene expression, whereby exon segments of precursor-mRNA transcripts are joined together in different arrangements corresponding to diverse isoforms of mature mRNA. Accumulating evidence suggests that in many instances this process is specifically regulated and contributes to the structural and functional diversification of tissues and cell types. Furthermore, several studies support the view that environmental stresses dramatically impact on AS and reported the presence of novel transcript isoforms in response to biotic or abiotic stresses. Since specific regulation of AS in plants is a largely unexplored field of research, large-scale approaches aimed at monitoring AS on a genome-wide level are of increasing importance to gain insights into tissue-specific splicing regulation and to study the effects of changed environmental conditions on pre-mRNA splicing.Here, we describe the concepts of a traditional statistical approach, and a more recently developed machine learning-based method for AS detection from tiling arrays. The here presented approaches were employed for the detection and profiling of AS events in the model plant A. thaliana, and applied to a large dataset comprising transcriptomic expression data from 11 tissues and 13 stress conditions.
Prominence in triconstituent compounds: Pitch contours and linguistic theory
2013-01-01

According to the widely accepted Lexical Category Prominence Rule (LCPR), prominence assignment to triconstituent compounds depends on the branching direction. Left-branching compounds, that is, compounds with a left-hand complex constituent, are held to have highest prominence on the left-most constituent, whereas right-branching compounds have highest prominence on the second of the three constituents. The LCPR is, however, only poorly empirically supported. The present paper tests a new hypothesis concerning the prominence of triconstituent compounds and suggests a new methodology for the empirical investigation of compound prominence. According to this hypothesis, the prominence pattern of the embedded compound has a decisive influence on the prominence of the whole compound. Using a mixed-effects generalized additive model for the analysis of the pitch movements, it is shown that all triconstituent compounds have an accent on the first constituent irrespective of branching, and that the placement of a second, or even a third, accent is dependent on the prominence pattern of the embedded compound. The LCPR is wrong. Language and Speech
Using Brain Waves to Control Computers and Machines
2013-01-01

Humans have traditionally interacted with computers or machines by using their hands to manipulate computer components. This kind of human-computer interaction (HCI), however, considerably limits the human’s freedom to communicate with machines. Over the years, many attempts have been made to develop technologies that include other modalities used for communication, for example, speech or gestures, to make HCI more intuitive. Recent advances in cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging technologies in particular have allowed for the establishment of direct communication between the human brain and machines. This ability is made possible through invasive and noninvasive sensors that can monitor physiological processes reflected in brain waves, which are translated online into control signals for external devices or machines.
Board directors' preferences: What are good aggregation rules?
2013-01-01

I analyze how boards of directors with heterogeneous preferences can affect the information shared with the CEO with the help of a cheap-talk model that allows for large groups of receivers. This paper provides new insights on how heterogeneity of boards can change the way of communication between the board and the CEO, related to different ways of decision making. I also indicate how coalition forming in the boardroom can be influenced by heterogeneous preferences. Finally this model gives a possible answer why board of directors’ heterogeneity differs for shareholder representatives if there are any employees on the board.
Global sourcing and firm selection
2013-01-01

We analyze the sourcing strategies of firms active in the Spanish manufacturing sector. We show that firms that select strategies of vertical integration and of foreign sourcing ex post tend to have been more productive, ex ante, than other firms.
The Theory of Trade Policy and Reform
2013-01-01

Extract:Historically, trade taxes have been an important source of government revenue in subsistence-oriented economies with large informal sectors. As countries developed and economic activity became more market-oriented, governments sourced revenue frorn broader, more efficient tax bases. But trade taxes remained, with protection of domestic import-competing activity, rather than revenue, becoming their primary motivation. This shift of motivation also facilitated the substitution of alternative policies, quantitative restrictions for example, which would limit import competition without necessarily generating revenue.
MoBiFlow
2013-01-01

Web-based problem solving environments provide sharing, execution and monitoring of scientific workflows. Where they depend on general purpose workflow development systems, the workflow notations are likely far too powerful and complex, especially in the area of biology, where programming skills are rare. On the other hand, application specific workflow systems may use special purpose languages and execution engines, suffering from a lack of standards, portability, documentation, stability of investment etc. In both cases, the need to support yet another application on the desk-top places a burden on the system administration of a research lab. In previous research the authors have developed the web based workflow systems Calvin and Hobbes, which enable biologists and computer scientists to approach these problems in collaboration. Both systems use a server-centric Web 2.0 based approach. Calvin is tailored to molecular biology applications, with a simple graphical workflow-language and easy access to existing BioMoby web services. Calvin workflows are compiled to industry standard BPEL workflows, which can be edited and refined in collaboration between researchers and computer scientists using the Hobbes tool. Together, Calvin and Hobbes form our workflow platform MoBiFlow, whose principles, design, and use cases are described in this paper.
Kantian Ethics
2013-01-01

Ethicists who have been influenced by Kant's critical moral philosophy are called ‘Kantian’. The term can also be extended to ethicists who grappled with and rejected Kant or the Kantian spirit. This chapter first discusses the core of Kant's ethics, those important theorems that provide a criterion for determining the extent to which a given ethics is indeed ‘Kantian’. It then considers the views of several Kantians, including Friedrich Schiller, Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Friedrich Nietzsche.