julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
fMRI Revealed Reduced Amygdala Activation after Nx4 in Mildly to Moderately Stressed Healthy Volunteers in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Trial
2020-03-02

Abstract Social stress contributes to major societal health burdens, such as anxiety disorders and nervousness. Nx4 has been found to modulate stress responses. We investigated whether dampening of such responses is associated with neuronal correlates in brain regions involved in stress and anxiety. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial, 39 healthy males took a single dose (three tablets) of either placebo or Nx4, 40 to 60 minutes before an fMRI scan session. We here report on drug effects on amygdala responses during a face-matching task, which was performed during a complex test battery further including resting-state brain connectivity and a social stress experiment. The first of the Primary Outcomes, defined in a hierarchical order, concerned reduced amygdala effects after intake of verum compared to placebo. We found a statistically significant reduction in differential activations in the left amygdala for the contrast negative faces versus forms during verum versus placebo condition. Our results indicate that effects of Nx4 can be monitored in the brain. Previously noted effects on stress responses may thus be modulated by affective brain regions including the amygdala.
Circadian preferences of birdwatchers in Poland: do “owls” prefer watching night birds, and “larks” prefer daytime ones?
2020-03-02

Birdwatching is a very popular and increasing leisure activity, and the study and observation of birds is more popular in the morning due to the greater activity among birds at that time of day. The aim of our study was to find out whether there was a relationship between the circadian preference of observers and their favourite bird species and whether it was influenced by such factors as professional status, age and gender. In an e-mail survey we asked a total of 433 Polish ornithologists (professionals) or birdwatchers (non-professionals) for their morningness–eveningness preferences (four categories) and favourite (open choice) bird species and received 143 responses. The temporal (circadian) preferences of respondents declined from early morning (35.7%) to evening/nighttime (11.4%). Circadian preference categories differed significantly by age, with early morning respondents significantly older. These preference categories did not differ significantly in terms of response time to the survey invitation or in the percentage of their favourite birds that were categorised as daytime birds. A total of 204 species were identified as favourite birds of which 34 species were mentioned by five or more respondents, with only two, the common crane Grus grus and the Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum mentioned by more than 10% of respondents. The white stork Ciconia ciconia was more popular with professionals than non-professionals and the swift Apus apus less popular. A significant gender × circadian preference interaction was detected for the percentage of favourite birds categorised as daytime birds, with fewer daytime birds among early morning female recorders. The presented results are obviously of a correlative nature, but open the door for further, more advanced study and suggest there may be a need to investigate temporal biases when analysing citizen-based data.
Influence of Co-Dosed Lipids from Biota Extracts on the Availability of Chemicals in In Vitro Cell-Based Bioassays
2020-03-02

Extraction of chemicals from biota leads to co-extraction of lipids. When dosing such extracts into in vitro bioassays, co-dosed lipids act as an additional phase that can reduce the bioavailability of the chemicals and the apparent sensitivity of the assay. Equilibrium partitioning between medium, cells, and co-dosed lipids was described with an existing equilibrium partitioning model for cell-based bioassays extended by an additional lipid phase. We experimentally investigated the influence of co-dosed lipids on the effects elicited by four test chemicals of different hydrophobicity in two bioassays, indicative of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and oxidative stress response (AREc32). The partitioning model explained the effect of the test chemicals in the presence of spiked triolein within a factor of 0.33-5.83 between the measured and predicted effect concentration (EC). We applied the model to marine mammal blubber extracted with silicone. Extracts dosed in the AREc32 bioassay showed a linear increase of apparent EC with increasing lipid fraction. The partitioning model was used to interpret the role of the co-extracted lipid. A quantitative lipid correction of bioassay results in the presence of co-dosed lipids was possible for known compounds and defined mixtures, while we could only estimate a range for mixtures of unknown chemicals.
The Routledge Handbook to the Culture and Media of the Americas
2020-03-02

"Exploring the culture and media of the Americas, this handbook places particular emphasis on collective and intertwined experiences and focuses on the transnational or hemispheric dimensions of cultural flows and geocultural imaginaries that shape the literature, arts, media and other cultural expressions in the Americas. The Routledge Handbook to the Culture and Media of the Americas charts the pervasive, asymmetrical flows of cultural products and capital and their importance in the development of the Americas. The volume offers a comprehensive understanding of how Inter-American communication is constituted, framed and structured and covers the artistic and political dimensions that have shaped literature, art and popular culture in the region. Forty-six chapters cover a range of inter-American key concepts and dynamics, divided into two parts: Literature and Music deals with inter-American entanglements of artistic expressions in the Western Hemisphere, including music, dance, literary genres and developments. Media and Visual Cultures explores the inter-American dimension of media production in the hemisphere, including cinema and television, photography and art, journalism, radio, digital culture and issues such as freedom of expression and intellectual property"--
Peer Review #1 of "Circadian preferences of birdwatchers in Poland: do “owls” prefer watching night birds, and “larks” prefer daytime ones? (v0.2)"
2020-03-02

Birdwatching is a very popular and increasing leisure activity, and the study and observation of birds is more popular in the morning due to the greater activity among birds at that time of day.The aim of our study was to find out whether there was a relationship between the circadian preference of observers and their favourite bird species, and whether it was influenced by such factors as professional status, age and gender.This has the potential to influence results, especially those based on citizen science observations.In an e-mail survey we asked a total of 433 Polish ornithologists (professionals) or birdwatchers (non-professionals) for their morningness-eveningness preferences (four categories) and favourite (open choice) bird species, and received 143 responses.The temporal (circadian) preferences of respondents declined from early morning (35.7%) to evening / nighttime (11.4%).Circadian preference categories differed significantly by age, with early morning respondents significantly older.These preference categories did not differ significantly in terms of response time to the survey invitation or in the percentage of their favourite birds that were categorised as daytime birds.A total of 204 species were identified as favourite birds of which 34 species were mentioned by 5 or more respondents, with only two, the common crane Grus grus and the Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum mentioned by more than 10% of respondents.The white stork Ciconia ciconia was more popular with professionals than non-professionals and the swift Apus apus less popular.A significant gender × circadian preference interaction was detected for the percentage of favourite birds categorised as daytime birds, with fewer daytime birds among early morning female recorders.The presented results are obviously of a correlative nature, but open the door for further, more advanced study, and suggest there may be a need to investigate temporal biases when analysing citizen-based data.
Significant decline of HPV 6 infection and genital warts despite low HPV vaccination coverage in young women in Germany: a long-term prospective, cohort data analysis
2020-03-02

Abstract Background The introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has resulted in a remarkable decline of genital warts in women and men, but in Germany historical rates of vaccination are relatively low. We report long-term surveillance data on changes in HPV 6 and HPV 11 infection and the prevalence of genital warts in young women in the Wolfsburg HPV epidemiological study (WOLVES). Methods Women born in 1983/84, 1988/89, and 1993/94 participated in four cohorts between 2009/10 and 2014/15. Quadrivalent vaccination coverage and prevalence of HPV 6/11 infection and genital warts are reported for participants aged 19−22 years and 24−27 years at the time of sample collection. Statistical analyses were done to compare similarly aged participants using 2 x 2 contingency tables (Röhmel-Mansmann unconditional exact test; two-side alpha of 0.05). Results A total of 2,456 women were recruited. In 2010, vaccination rates were 40/659 (6.1%) in women aged 24−27 years and 142/600 (23.7%) in those aged 19−22 years; 5 years later, vaccination rates had increased to 135/733 (18.4%) and 177/368 (48.1%), respectively. Between 2010 and 2015, there was a statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of HPV 6 infection among women aged 24−27 years (2.12% versus 0%; P&lt;0.0001) and women aged 19−22 years (2.0% versus 0%; P=0.0056). There was no significant decline in HPV 11 infection. In total, 52 of 2341 participants were diagnosed with genital warts. There was a statistically significant decrease in the life-time risk of developing genital warts in women aged 24−27 years between 2010 and 2015 (4.7% versus 1.68%, respectively; P=0.0018). The overall life-time risk of developing genital warts in women aged 19−27 years decreased from 3.1% in 2010 to 1.2% in 2015 (P=0.0022). Conclusions An increase in vaccination coverage was associated with a decreased prevalence of genital warts in young women. A protective effect greater than herd immunity alone was seen despite low vaccination rates. Quadrivalent vaccine had a protective effect on genital HPV 6 infection and an almost fully protective effect on the development of genital warts in the youngest population.
Peer Review #2 of "Circadian preferences of birdwatchers in Poland: do “owls” prefer watching night birds, and “larks” prefer daytime ones? (v0.2)"
2020-03-02

Birdwatching is a very popular and increasing leisure activity, and the study and observation of birds is more popular in the morning due to the greater activity among birds at that time of day.The aim of our study was to find out whether there was a relationship between the circadian preference of observers and their favourite bird species, and whether it was influenced by such factors as professional status, age and gender.This has the potential to influence results, especially those based on citizen science observations.In an e-mail survey we asked a total of 433 Polish ornithologists (professionals) or birdwatchers (non-professionals) for their morningness-eveningness preferences (four categories) and favourite (open choice) bird species, and received 143 responses.The temporal (circadian) preferences of respondents declined from early morning (35.7%) to evening / nighttime (11.4%).Circadian preference categories differed significantly by age, with early morning respondents significantly older.These preference categories did not differ significantly in terms of response time to the survey invitation or in the percentage of their favourite birds that were categorised as daytime birds.A total of 204 species were identified as favourite birds of which 34 species were mentioned by 5 or more respondents, with only two, the common crane Grus grus and the Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum mentioned by more than 10% of respondents.The white stork Ciconia ciconia was more popular with professionals than non-professionals and the swift Apus apus less popular.A significant gender × circadian preference interaction was detected for the percentage of favourite birds categorised as daytime birds, with fewer daytime birds among early morning female recorders.The presented results are obviously of a correlative nature, but open the door for further, more advanced study, and suggest there may be a need to investigate temporal biases when analysing citizen-based data.
Peer Review #1 of "Circadian preferences of birdwatchers in Poland: do “owls” prefer watching night birds, and “larks” prefer daytime ones? (v0.1)"
2020-03-02

Birdwatching is a very popular and increasing leisure activity, and the study and observation of birds is more popular in the morning due to the greater activity among birds at that time of day.The aim of our study was to find out whether there was a relationship between the circadian preference of observers and their favourite bird species, and whether it was influenced by such factors as professional status, age and gender.This has the potential to influence results, especially those based on citizen science observations.In an e-mail survey we asked a total of 433 Polish ornithologists (professionals) or birdwatchers (non-professionals) for their morningness-eveningness preferences (four categories) and favourite (open choice) bird species, and received 143 responses.The temporal (circadian) preferences of respondents declined from early morning (35.7%) to evening / nighttime (11.4%).Circadian preference categories differed significantly by age, with early morning respondents significantly older.These preference categories did not differ significantly in terms of response time to the survey invitation or in the percentage of their favourite birds that were categorised as daytime birds.A total of 204 species were identified as favourite birds of which 34 species were mentioned by 5 or more respondents, with only two, the common crane Grus grus and the Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum mentioned by more than 10% of respondents.The white stork Ciconia ciconia was more popular with professionals than non-professionals and the swift Apus apus less popular.A significant gender × circadian preference interaction was detected for the percentage of favourite birds categorised as daytime birds, with fewer daytime birds among early morning female recorders.The presented results are obviously of a correlative nature, but open the door for further, more advanced study, and suggest there may be a need to investigate temporal biases when analysing citizen-based data.
Peer Review #2 of "Circadian preferences of birdwatchers in Poland: do “owls” prefer watching night birds, and “larks” prefer daytime ones? (v0.1)"
2020-03-02

Birdwatching is a very popular and increasing leisure activity, and the study and observation of birds is more popular in the morning due to the greater activity among birds at that time of day.The aim of our study was to find out whether there was a relationship between the circadian preference of observers and their favourite bird species, and whether it was influenced by such factors as professional status, age and gender.This has the potential to influence results, especially those based on citizen science observations.In an e-mail survey we asked a total of 433 Polish ornithologists (professionals) or birdwatchers (non-professionals) for their morningness-eveningness preferences (four categories) and favourite (open choice) bird species, and received 143 responses.The temporal (circadian) preferences of respondents declined from early morning (35.7%) to evening / nighttime (11.4%).Circadian preference categories differed significantly by age, with early morning respondents significantly older.These preference categories did not differ significantly in terms of response time to the survey invitation or in the percentage of their favourite birds that were categorised as daytime birds.A total of 204 species were identified as favourite birds of which 34 species were mentioned by 5 or more respondents, with only two, the common crane Grus grus and the Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum mentioned by more than 10% of respondents.The white stork Ciconia ciconia was more popular with professionals than non-professionals and the swift Apus apus less popular.A significant gender × circadian preference interaction was detected for the percentage of favourite birds categorised as daytime birds, with fewer daytime birds among early morning female recorders.The presented results are obviously of a correlative nature, but open the door for further, more advanced study, and suggest there may be a need to investigate temporal biases when analysing citizen-based data.
Peer Review #3 of "Circadian preferences of birdwatchers in Poland: do “owls” prefer watching night birds, and “larks” prefer daytime ones? (v0.3)"
2020-03-02

Birdwatching is a very popular and increasing leisure activity, and the study and observation of birds is more popular in the morning due to the greater activity among birds at that time of day.The aim of our study was to find out whether there was a relationship between the circadian preference of observers and their favourite bird species, and whether it was influenced by such factors as professional status, age and gender.This has the potential to influence results, especially those based on citizen science observations.In an e-mail survey we asked a total of 433 Polish ornithologists (professionals) or birdwatchers (non-professionals) for their morningness-eveningness preferences (four categories) and favourite (open choice) bird species, and received 143 responses.The temporal (circadian) preferences of respondents declined from early morning (35.7%) to evening / nighttime (11.4%).Circadian preference categories differed significantly by age, with early morning respondents significantly older.These preference categories did not differ significantly in terms of response time to the survey invitation or in the percentage of their favourite birds that were categorised as daytime birds.A total of 204 species were identified as favourite birds of which 34 species were mentioned by 5 or more respondents, with only two, the common crane Grus grus and the Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum mentioned by more than 10% of respondents.The white stork Ciconia ciconia was more popular with professionals than non-professionals and the swift Apus apus less popular.A significant gender × circadian preference interaction was detected for the percentage of favourite birds categorised as daytime birds, with fewer daytime birds among early morning female recorders.The presented results are obviously of a correlative nature, but open the door for further, more advanced study, and suggest there may be a need to investigate temporal biases when analysing citizen-based data.
Hypericin: Single Molecule Spectroscopy of an Active Natural Drug
2020-03-03

Hypericin is one of the most efficient photosensitizers used in photodynamic tumor therapy (PDT). The reported treatments of this drug reach from antidepressive, antineoplastic, antitumor and antiviral activity. We show that hypericin can be optically detected down to a single molecule at ambient conditions. Hypericin can even be observed inside of a cancer cell, which implies that this drug can be directly used for advanced microscopy techniques (PALM, spt-PALM, or FLIM). Its photostability is large enough to obtain single molecule fluorescence, surface enhanced Raman spectra (SERS), fluorescence lifetime, antibunching, and blinking dynamics. Sudden spectral changes can be associated with a reorientation of the molecule on the particle surface. These properties of hypericin are very sensitive to the local environment. Comparison of DFT calculations with SERS spectra show that both the neutral and deprotonated form of hypericin can be observed on the single molecule and ensemble level.
Integrative and comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments (iCUPE): the concept and initial results
2020-03-03

Abstract. The role of polar regions increases in terms of megatrends such as globalization, new transport routes, demography and use of natural resources consequent effects of regional and transported pollutant concentrations. We set up the ERA-PLANET Strand 4 project iCUPE – integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments to provide novel insights and observational data on global grand challenges with an Arctic focus. We utilize an integrated approach combining in situ observations, satellite remote sensing Earth Observations (EO) and multi-scale modeling to synthesize data from comprehensive long-term measurements, intensive campaigns and satellites to deliver data products, metrics and indicators to the stakeholders concerning the environmental status, availability and extraction of natural resources in the polar areas. The iCUPE work consists of thematic state-of-the-art research and provision of novel data in atmospheric pollution, local sources and transboundary transport, characterization of arctic surfaces and their changes, assessment of concentrations and impacts of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants and their cycling, quantification of emissions from natural resource extraction and validation and optimization of satellite Earth Observation (EO) data streams. In this paper we introduce the iCUPE project and summarize initial results arising out of integration of comprehensive in situ observations, satellite remote sensing and multiscale modeling in the Arctic context.
The Deposition of Human Remains Inside Chalcolithic Ditched Enclosures: Ditch 5 at Marroquíes (Jaén, Spain)
2020-03-03

In the last few decades, the discovery of large ditched enclosures in Iberia has revealed the diversity and complexity of deposition and manipulation of human bone remains. Alongside traditional ritual burials (mainly megalithic tombs and hypogea), fragmented and scattered human bones mixed with other kinds of material culture began to appear in many features. This is the case for Ditch 5 at Marroquíes, which offers an excellent opportunity to explore this ritual behaviour. Based on a multi-proxy approach, three main conclusions can be drawn: 1) the skeletal elements present show deliberate selection of particular categories of bones; 2) depositional episodes included the remains of people who died at different points in time and were subject to different taphonomic processes, and 3) mobility patterns indicate that all individuals, with one possible exception, were local. The movement and manipulations of body parts may reflect the active role of people after death as social and symbolic elements that retain agency and capacity for action.