julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
A simple merging algorithm for jet angular correlation studies
2016-05-01

A tree level merging algorithm which guarantees the leading order (LO) accuracy of angular correlations among jets is proposed and studied. The algorithm is designed so that n-jet events are generated exclusively according to the LO n-parton production cross section and each of the n jets is close to each of the n partons in terms of the jet measure. As a result, the kinematics of each of the n jets strictly follows that of each of the n partons and the LO accuracy of angular correlations among the n jets is preserved. The validity of the method as a merging algorithm is confirmed by comparing it against existing merging algorithms for several observables in the top quark pair production. Correlations in the azimuthal angle difference between the two highest transverse momentum jets with large rapidity separations are evaluated as examples.
Preliminary analysis of EUSO—TA data
2016-05-01

The EUSO-TA detector is a pathfinder for the JEM-EUSO project and is currently installed in Black Rock Mesa (Utah) on the site of the Telescope Array fluorescence detectors. Aim of this experiment is to validate the observation principle of JEM-EUSO on air showers measured from ground. The experiment gets data in coincidence with the TA triggers to increase the likelihood of cosmic ray detection. In this framework the collaboration is also testing the detector response with respect to several test events from lasers and LED flashers. Moreover, another aim of the project is the validation of the stability of the data acquisition chain in real sky condition and the optimization of the trigger scheme for the rejection of background. Data analysis is ongoing to identify cosmic ray events in coincidence with the TA detector. In this contribution we will show the response of the EUSO-TA detector to all the different typologies of events and we will show some preliminary results on the trigger optimization performed on such data.
Background analysis and reduction for the ECHo experiment
2016-05-01

ECHo-lk is a new experiment which is designed to investigate the electron neutrino mass from the calorimetric measurement of the electron capture spectrum of 163Ho. In this presentation, we give an overview of our recent activities in the background analysis and reduction. Low background measurements of the radiopurity of the implanted Holmium in the ECHo detectors have been used to constrain the maximum activity of 166mHo in the sample to be less than ~ 0.4 mBq. On top of this, the background spectrum introduced by coimplanted 166Ho in the absorber of the ECHo detectors has been obtained with a GEANT4 simulation showing that if the projected reduction of coimplanted 166mHo to 163Ho of 10-10 can be achieved, the background contribution of 166mHo is negligible. Additional GEANT4 based Monte-Carlo simulations of test contaminations have been conducted. Simulations have been completed for internal 210Pb contamination in the absorber and 55Fe contaminations on the surface of the absorber.
Big Data for a Fairer Democracy?
2016-05-01

Big data-analysis is linked to the expectation to provide a general image of socially relevant topics and processes. Similar to this, the idea of the public sphere involves being representative of all citizens and of important topics and problems. This contribution, on one side, aims to explain how a normative concept of the public sphere could be infiltrated by big data. On the other, it will discuss how participative processes and common wealth can profit from a thorough use of big data analysis. As important parts of the argument, two concepts will be introduced: the numerical public (as a public that is constituted by machine-communication) and total politicisation (as a loss of negative freedom of expression).
Prognostic Relevance of Motor Predictors in Early Adolescence for Reaching Professional Soccer Level in Adulthood
2016-05-01

Several talent development programs in soccer have implemented diagnostics measuring motor performance factors. However, there is debate in the field of talent research about the prognostic relevance of such diagnostics in early adolescence for adult performance and about possible biases in diagnostics caused by maturation related characteristics. PURPOSE: Focusing on players’ speed abilities (SA) and technical skills (TS) with simultaneous consideration for anthropometric and relative age characteristics, this study analyzed the long-term prognostic relevance of a nationwide assessment conducted within the German soccer talent development program. METHODS: The prospective cohort study investigated N=14.178 talented players from the Under-12 age group born between 1993 and 1995. These players participated in a motor diagnostics (sprinting, agility, dribbling, ball control and shooting) carried out in 2004, 2005, or 2006, respectively. The measurement model comprised the five motor tests as well as three additional covariates (players’ height, weight and relative age). As criterion for the adult performance level (APL) in the 2014/15 season, players were categorized as professional (N=89), semiprofessional (N=913), or amateur league players (N=13.176). The prognostic relevance for each motor predictor was determined using one-way ANOVAs. Additionally, in a logistic regression model, APL was predicted by two latent variable factors (SA, TS) and the maturation related characteristics as covariates. RESULTS: Each motor predictor discriminated between the APL with small effect sizes (each p<.001; η2≤.02). In the logistic regression model, TS (OR=6.72; p<.001) and SA (OR=4.58; p<.05) predicted the APL after controlling for height, weight and relative age. This multivariate threshold model explained R2=24.8% of the APL variance. CONCLUSIONS: The study proved prognostic validity of motor predictors over a long-term period (≈10 years). However, the effect sizes indicated that the predictors explained only small proportions of the APL variance. Therefore, repeated measurements and further predictors (e.g. personality or cognitive performance factors) in a dynamic and multidimensional approach should supplement the diagnostics. This study was funded by the German Soccer Association.
Different Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Clinical Characterization In Morbidly Obese Women
2016-05-01

In morbid obesity, assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is becoming increasingly important in the clinical setting. PURPOSE: To determine CRF in a representative cohort of morbidly obese women (mOB) and to compare it with overweight and moderately obese controls (C). We also asked whether mOB selected for low CRF exhibit differences in the cardiorespiratory response and the prevalence in obesity-related disorders. METHODS: 715 women (20-67 yrs), underwent incremental walking exercise on the treadmill. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was assessed by spiroergometry at peak exercise (peak) and at the anaerobic threshold (AT) and reported relative to predicted normal body weight (peakVO2PW, AT-VO2PW) or in % of predicted VO2 (peakVO2%, AT-VO2%, respectively). Linear trends of variables between C (BMI range 25.4 - 39.9 kg · m-2) and mOB (40.0 - 68.5 kg · m-2) were assessed by one-way ANOVA. mOB (n=489) were divided into 4 fitness quartils (Q1 - 4) according the AT-VO2% and studied for differences in their cardiorespiratory response and prevalence of disorders as revealed from the medical reports. RESULTS: AT-VO2PW (C: 24.6 ± 0.3/mOB: 28.3 ± 0.2 ml · kg-1· min-1, mean ± SD) and peakVO2PW (33.7 ± 5.6/36.4 ± 5.6 ml · kg-1· min-1) were higher in mOB (p<0.0001). AT-VO2% (106.1 ± 20.8/104.4 ± 17.8%) did not differ between C and mOB (p=0.253). In contrast, peakVO2% (108.8 ± 17.6/100.8 ± 14.9%) was lower in mOB (p<0.0001), but mean values of mOB remained within the reference range. mOB with low CRF (Q1: AT-VO2% < 88.7% of reference) exhibited a dampened response of heart rate, ventilation and tidal volume at AT and peak (p<0.0001), while respiratory exchange ratio at peak was similar between the groups. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes (DM) was higher in mOB with low CRF (Q1: 26%, Q2: 29%, Q3: 16%, Q4: 19%, p<0,05), while no differences were apparent for the prevalence of hypertension, COPD, lumbar and joint complaints. CONCLUSION: The majority of mOB exhibit a preserved CRF, which can be delineated by peak and submaximal exercise variables. However, a subgroup of mOB exhibit a low CRF, which is paralleled and possibly linked to an attenuated cardiorespiratory response. Moreover, a low CRF may aggravate the risk of DM in mOB. Our results show that spiroergometry may add important findings to improve individualized therapy decisions in mOB.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Method for the Synthesis of Binary Tungsten Iodides.
2016-05-01

Abstract The new compounds W 3 I 12 (I) and W 3 I 9 (II) containing the novel [W 3 I 8 ] cluster are prepared by halide exchange reaction between WCl 6 and SiI 4 at 120 °C for 16 h and 150 °C for 12 h, respectively (98% yield for (I)).
Cytotoxic polyfunctionality maturation of cytomegalovirus-pp65-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in the elderly positively correlates with response size
2016-05-01

Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most common persistent viral infections in humans worldwide and is epidemiologically associated with many adverse health consequences during aging. Previous studies yielded conflicting results regarding whether large, CMV-specific T-cell expansions maintain their function during human aging. In the current study, we examined the in vitro CMV-pp65-reactive T-cell response by comprehensively studying five effector functions (i.e., interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, perforin, and CD107a expression) in 76 seropositive individuals aged 70 years or older. Two data-driven, polyfunctionality panels (IL-2-associated and cytotoxicity-associated) derived from effector function co-expression patterns were used to analyze the results. We found that, CMV-pp65-reactive CD8+ and CD4+ T cells contained similar polyfunctional subsets, and the level of polyfunctionality was related to the size of antigen-specific response. In both CD8+ and CD4+ cells, polyfunctional cells with high cytotoxic potential accounted for a larger proportion of the total response as the total response size increased. Notably, a higher serum CMV-IgG level was positively associated with a larger T-cell response size and a higher level of cytotoxic polyfunctionality. These findings indicate that CMV-pp65-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell undergo simultaneous cytotoxic polyfunctionality maturation during aging.
PI3K-resistant GSK3 controls adiponectin formation and protects from metabolic syndrome
2016-05-02

Significance The PI3 kinase-dependent inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 is an important aspect of normal insulin signaling. Surprisingly, transgenic mice expressing PI3 kinase-resistant GSK3 (gsk3 KI ) have been found not to be insulin-resistant. We show that gsk3 KI mice are even protected from the development of metabolic syndrome characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia, which all could readily be induced by a high-fat diet in gsk3 WT mice. The metabolic syndrome affects millions of patients and is associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and a significant reduction of life span. Exploring the underlying mechanism, we found that the production of the hormone adiponectin, which provides protection from metabolic syndrome, is controlled by a GSK3-dependent pathway.
Place‐value understanding in number line estimation predicts future arithmetic performance
2016-05-02

In multi‐digit numbers, the value of each digit is determined by its position within the digit string. Children's understanding of this place‐value structure constitutes a building block for later arithmetic skills. We investigated whether a number line estimation task can provide an assessment of place‐value understanding in first grade. We hypothesized that estimating the position of two‐digit numbers requires place‐value understanding. Therefore, we fitted a linear function to children's estimates of two‐digit numbers and considered the resulting slope as a measure of children's place‐value understanding. We observed a significant correlation between this slope and children's performance in a transcoding task known to require place‐value understanding. Additionally, the slope for two‐digit numbers assessed at the beginning of grade 1 predicted children's arithmetic performance at the end of grade 1. These results indicate that the number line estimation task may indeed constitute a valid measure for first‐graders' place‐value understanding. Moreover, these findings are hard to reconcile with the view that number line estimation directly assesses a spatial representation of numbers. Instead, our results suggest that numerical processes involved in performing the task (such as place‐value understanding) may drive the association between number line estimation and arithmetic performance.
Transient apoptosis inhibition in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells of donors increases efficacy of stem cell transplantation without increasing the risk of leukemogenesis
2016-05-02

Introduction: The only curative treatment for many hematological disorders is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) which unfortunately bears different transplantation-associated risks like graft failure or graft-versus-host disease. Since it is known that higher donor cell numbers accelerate the engraftment and lower the risk of graft failure, many experimental approaches aim to expand donor cell numbers ex vivo. However, these approaches largely failed due to differentiation of stem cells.
Dual Targeting of Akt and mTORC1 Impairs Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Increases Radiation Sensitivity of Human Tumor Cells
2016-05-03

Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin-complex 1 (mTORC1) induces activation of Akt. Because Akt activity mediates the repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DNA-DSBs) and consequently the radioresistance of solid tumors, we investigated whether dual targeting of mTORC1 and Akt impairs DNA-DSB repair and induces radiosensitization. Combining mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin with ionizing radiation in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (H661, H460, SK-MES-1, HTB-182, A549) and in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 resulted in radiosensitization of H661 and H460 cells (responders), whereas only a very slight effect was observed in A549 cells, and no effect was observed in SK-MES-1, HTB-182 or MDA-MB-231 cells (non-responders). In responder cells, rapamycin treatment did not activate Akt1 phosphorylation, whereas in non-responders, rapamycin mediated PI3K-dependent Akt activity. Molecular targeting of Akt by Akt inhibitor MK2206 or knockdown of Akt1 led to a rapamycin-induced radiosensitization of non-responder cells. Compared to the single targeting of Akt, the dual targeting of mTORC1 and Akt1 markedly enhanced the frequency of residual DNA-DSBs by inhibiting the non-homologous end joining repair pathway and increased radiation sensitivity. Together, lack of radiosensitization induced by rapamycin was associated with rapamycin-mediated Akt1 activation. Thus, dual targeting of mTORC1 and Akt1 inhibits repair of DNA-DSB leading to radiosensitization of solid tumor cells.
Prevalence of and risk factors for sexual dysfunction in young Chinese women according to the Female Sexual Function Index: an internet-based survey
2016-05-03

The prevalence of FSFI scores indicating risk of sexual dysfunction was about 60% in Chinese women. An unstable relationship, pressure to become pregnant, non-use of contraception, negative self-evaluation of appearance and increasing age were significantly associated with FSD in young Chinese women.
Optimal Design of Multitype Groundwater Monitoring Networks Using Easily Accessible Tools
2016-05-03

Abstract Monitoring networks are expensive to establish and to maintain. In this paper, we extend an existing data‐worth estimation method from the suite of PEST utilities with a global optimization method for optimal sensor placement (called optimal design) in groundwater monitoring networks. Design optimization can include multiple simultaneous sensor locations and multiple sensor types. Both location and sensor type are treated simultaneously as decision variables. Our method combines linear uncertainty quantification and a modified genetic algorithm for discrete multilocation, multitype search. The efficiency of the global optimization is enhanced by an archive of past samples and parallel computing. We demonstrate our methodology for a groundwater monitoring network at the Steinlach experimental site, south‐western Germany, which has been established to monitor river—groundwater exchange processes. The target of optimization is the best possible exploration for minimum variance in predicting the mean travel time of the hyporheic exchange. Our results demonstrate that the information gain of monitoring network designs can be explored efficiently and with easily accessible tools prior to taking new field measurements or installing additional measurement points. The proposed methods proved to be efficient and can be applied for model‐based optimal design of any type of monitoring network in approximately linear systems. Our key contributions are (1) the use of easy‐to‐implement tools for an otherwise complex task and (2) yet to consider data‐worth interdependencies in simultaneous optimization of multiple sensor locations and sensor types.
Restorative justice as healing justice: looking back to the future of the concept
2016-05-03

Restorative justice—the attempt to put into words the untranslatable is the (English translated) title of a small book published in German by the Victim–Offender Service in Cologne in the fall of 2...
“The Difficult Step into Actuality”: On the Makings of an Early Romantic Realism1
2016-05-03

Was the philosophy of Early German Romanticism, as we understand it today, nothing but a milder variety of Early German Idealism? Not at all! One has only to note the radical differences between the two. Friedrich von Hardenberg (who published under the pseudonym “Novalis”) and Friedrich Schlegel, the two most significant thinkers of the Early Romantic movement, decisively broke with what Reinhold’s critical disciples had called a “philosophy from the highest principle [Grundsatzphilosophie].” Instead of adopting Reinhold’s and Fichte’s idea of subjectivity as the principle of a deductively unfolding system of knowledge, they replaced it with the idea of “philosophy as an unending longing for the Infinite.” Who only aspires to the Absolute cannot pretend to “possess” or capture it in an absolute knowledge as Fichte and Hegel did, but Schelling did not. Underlying Hegel’s and Fichte’s denial that the Absolute transcends knowability is the temptation to make existence itself dependent upon the grasp of thoughts or concepts, a temptation firmly rejected by the Early Romantics. This is why Early Romanticism should not be considered as a species of one or the other kind of Idealism, as most German and American researchers would like it to be.
Blindfolded vs. Informed Ultimatum Bargaining – A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis
2016-05-03

This paper analyzes blindfolded versus informed ultimatum bargaining where proposer and responder are both either uninformed or informed about the size of the pie. Analyzing the transition from one information setting to the other suggests that more information induces lower (higher) price offers and acceptance thresholds when the pie is small (large). While our experimental data confirm this transition effect, risk aversion leads to diverging results in blindfolded ultimatum bargain- ing due to task-independent strategies such as ‘equal sharing’ or the ‘golden mean.’ The probability of successful bargaining is lower in case of blindfolded than informed ultimatum bargaining.
An Integrated Metabolomic and Genomic Mining Workflow To Uncover the Biosynthetic Potential of Bacteria
2016-05-04

We here combine chemical analysis and genomics to probe for new bioactive secondary metabolites based on their pattern of distribution within bacterial species. We demonstrate the usefulness of this combined approach in a group of marine Gram-negative bacteria closely related to Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea , which is a species known to produce a broad spectrum of chemicals. The approach allowed us to identify new antibiotics and their associated biosynthetic pathways. Combining chemical analysis and genetics is an efficient “mining” workflow for identifying diverse pharmaceutical candidates in a broad range of microorganisms and therefore of great use in bioprospecting.
Conversion of Synthetic Aβ toIn VivoActive Seeds and Amyloid Plaque Formation in a Hippocampal Slice Culture Model
2016-05-04

The aggregation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in brain is an early event and hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We combined the advantages of in vitro and in vivo approaches to study cerebral β-amyloidosis by establishing a long-term hippocampal slice culture (HSC) model. While no Aβ deposition was noted in untreated HSCs of postnatal Aβ precursor protein transgenic (APP tg) mice, Aβ deposition emerged in HSCs when cultures were treated once with brain extract from aged APP tg mice and the culture medium was continuously supplemented with synthetic Aβ. Seeded Aβ deposition was also observed under the same conditions in HSCs derived from wild-type or App -null mice but in no comparable way when HSCs were fixed before cultivation. Both the nature of the brain extract and the synthetic Aβ species determined the conformational characteristics of HSC Aβ deposition. HSC Aβ deposits induced a microglia response, spine loss, and neuritic dystrophy but no obvious neuron loss. Remarkably, in contrast to in vitro aggregated synthetic Aβ, homogenates of Aβ deposits containing HSCs induced cerebral β-amyloidosis upon intracerebral inoculation into young APP tg mice. Our results demonstrate that a living cellular environment promotes the seeded conversion of synthetic Aβ into a potent in vivo seeding-active form. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we report the seeded induction of Aβ aggregation and deposition in long-term hippocampal slice cultures. Remarkably, we find that the biological activities of the largely synthetic Aβ aggregates in the culture are very similar to those observed in vivo . This observation is the first to show that potent in vivo seeding-active Aβ aggregates can be obtained by seeded conversion of synthetic Aβ in a living (wild-type) cellular environment.