julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
CyberWallE at SemEval-2020 Task 11: An Analysis of Feature Engineering for Ensemble Models for Propaganda Detection
2020-01-01

This paper describes our participation in the SemEval-2020 task Detection of Propaganda Techniques in News Articles. We participate in both subtasks: Span Identification (SI) and Technique Classification (TC). We use a bi-LSTM architecture in the SI subtask and train a complex ensemble model for the TC subtask. Our architectures are built using embeddings from BERT in combination with additional lexical features and extensive label post-processing. Our systems achieve a rank of 8 out of 35 teams in the SI subtask (F1-score: 43.86%) and 8 out of 31 teams in the TC subtask (F1-score: 57.37%).
Service Function Chaining Based on Segment Routing Using P4 and SR-IOV (P4-SFC)
2020-01-01

Abstract In this paper we describe P4-SFC to support service function chaining (SFC) based on a single P4-capable switch and off-the-shelf components. It utilizes MPLS-based segment routing for traffic forwarding in the network and SR-IOV for efficient packet handling on hosts. We describe the P4-SFC architecture and demonstrate its feasibility by a prototype using the Tofino Edgecore Wedge 100BF-32X as P4 switch. Performance test show that L2 throughput for VNFs on a host is significantly larger when connected via SR-IOV with the host’s network interface card instead of over a software switch.
Quantitative Evaluation of Peripheral Arterial Blood Flow Using Peri‐Interventional Fluoroscopic Parameters: An In Vivo Study Evaluating Feasibility and Clinical Utility
2020-01-01

Purpose . The purpose of this study was to evaluate various objective, quantitative, time‐resolved fluoroscopic imaging parameters for use in the peri‐interventional evaluation of stenotic peripheral arterial disease lesions. Material and Methods . Ten patients (median age, 64; age range, 52 to 79; 8 males, 2 females) with high‐grade stenoses of either the superficial femoral or popliteal arteries who underwent endovascular treatment were included. During each intervention, two series of intraprocedural fluoroscopic images were collected, one preintervention and one postintervention. For each imaging series, four regions of interest (ROIs) were defined within the vessel lumen, with two ROIs being proximal (ROIs 1 and 2) and two being distal (ROIs 3 and 4) to the stenosis. The time‐density curve (TDC) at each ROI was measured, and the resulting area under the curve (AUC), full width at half maximum (FWHM), and time‐to‐peak (TTP) were then calculated. Results . The analysis of the TDC‐derived parameters demonstrated significant differences between pre‐ and postinterventional flow rates in the ROI placed most distal to the stenosis, ROI 4. The AUC at ROI 4 (reported as a relative percentage of the AUC measured at ROI 1 proximal to the lesion) demonstrated a significant increase in the total flow (mean 67.84% vs. 128.68%, p = 0.003). A significant reduction in FWHM at ROI 4 (mean 2.93 s vs. 1.87 s, p = 0.015) was observed. A significant reduction in TTP at ROI 4 (2.43 s to 1.45 s, p = 0.009) was also observed. A positive change in at least 1 of the 3 calculated parameters was seen in all patients after a successful intervention, with 7 of 10 patients showing improvement in all 3 parameters, 2 of 10 showing improvement in 2 parameters, and 1 patient showing improvement in 1 parameter. Conclusion . AUC, FWHM, and TTP are objective, reproducible, quantifiable tools for the peri‐interventional fluoroscopic evaluation of vessel stenoses. When compared to the standard subjective interpretation of fluoroscopic imagery, AUC, FWHM, and TTP offer interventionalists the advantage of having an objective, complementary method of evaluating the success of a procedure, potentially allowing for more precisely targeted and quantitatively determined treatment goals and improved patient outcomes. This retrospective study was approved by the local ethics committee under the Number 372/2018BO2. The trial was registered at the German clinical trials register under the number DRKS00017813 .
The correlation between vitamin D levels and demographics in patients with gastrointestinal disorders; a cross-sectional study.
2020-01-01

VDD has a high prevalence in patients with GID in particular IBD and liver disease in the United Kingdom. Routine vitamin D testing and supplementations in the case of deficiency and suboptimal level of vitamin D for patients with hepatobiliary, pancreatic, kidney, malabsorptive and restrictive diseases/surgeries is recommended.
Dermatofluoroscopy Is Also for Redheads a Sensitive Method of Early Melanoma Detection
2020-01-01

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Caucasians with red hair and fair skin have a remarkably increased risk of malignant melanoma compared to non-redhead Caucasians. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; With the aim of a reliable melanoma diagnosis in redheads, the application of dermatofluoroscopy was analyzed in 16 patients with red hair. Most of them had been included in a clinical dermatofluoroscopy study for patients with the suspicion of melanoma. We examined whether the 25 lesions of the redheads showed the same characteristic melanin fluorescence spectra for dysplastic nevi and melanomas as those of non-redhead Caucasians or whether there was a different fluorescence pattern. This is important in view of the known significantly altered ratio of eumelanin to pheomelanin in the skin of redheads. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; More than 8,000 spatially resolved fluorescence spectra of 25 pigmented lesions were measured and analysed. The spectra were excited by the stepwise absorption of two 800-nm photons (principle of dermatofluoroscopy). Furthermore, the fluorescence spectra of eumelanin and pheomelanin in hair samples were determined in the same way. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The evaluation revealed that the melanin fluorescence spectra of dysplastic nevi and melanomas of redheads have the same spectral characteristics as those of non-redhead Caucasians. An accompanying result is that dermatofluoroscopy shows identical fluorescence spectra for eumelanin and pheomelanin. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Dermatofluoroscopy proves to be a reliable diagnostic method also for redheads. Our results also explain our recent finding that there is a uniform fluorescence spectroscopic fingerprint for melanomas of all subtypes, which is of particular interest for hypomelanotic and apparently amelanotic melanomas containing pheomelanin.
Discrimination of small sugar concentration differences helps the nectar-feeding bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae cover energetic demands
2020-01-01

Every day nectar-feeding animals face an energetic challenge during foraging: they must locate and select flowers that provide nectar with adequate amounts of sugar to cover their very high energy needs. To understand this decision-making process, it is crucial to know how accurately sugar concentration differences can be discriminated. In a controlled laboratory setting, we offered the nectar-specialist bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae the choice between different sugar solutions covering the entire concentration range of bat-pollinated plants (3–33%). When feeding on solutions below 10% sugar concentration Leptonycteris yerbabuenae was unable to cover its energetic demands due to physiological constraints. Their capability to discriminate sugar concentrations outperformed any other nectar-feeding animal studied to date. At sugar concentrations below 15%, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae can discriminate solutions differing by only 0.5%. The bats may utilize this fine-tuned ability to select nectar from flowers with reward qualities that provide them with the necessary amount of energy.
Use of 3-D navigation to target the site of autologous blood installation for lung volume reduction in bullous emphysema
2020-01-01

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using intrabullous autologous blood instillation has been reported in single cases where other techniques are not possible. We present the use of three-dimensional navigation to instill autologous blood into emphysematous bullae for BLVR. A 62-year-old man presented with increasing dyspnea, due to emphysema with a conglomerate of giant bullae with two particularly large bullae. Surgical treatment was refused, so bronchoscopic autologous blood instillation into the bronchial segment leading to the large bullae was attempted, but was unsuccessful; blood failed to penetrate into the bullous cavity. Dyspnea worsened over the following year. We therefore performed another bronchoscopy and punctured a large bulla with a needle and created a tunnel from the central airways. Puncture position and direction were determined using a prototype of an electromagnetic navigation system. Under fluoroscopic guidance, a catheter was placed via the tunnel into the bulla and blood was instilled. This resulted in an almost complete shrinkage of the bullae, reduction of residual volume, and marked improvement in dyspnea within 4 months. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful BLVR by navigated bronchoscopy with transbronchial puncture, dilatation, and autologous blood instillation into a giant bulla.
JIT-Based Context-Sensitive Timing Simulation for Efficient Platform Exploration
2020-01-01

Fast and accurate predictions of a program's execution time are essential during the design space exploration of embedded systems. In this paper, we present a novel approach for efficient context-sensitive timing simulations based on the LLVM IR code representation. Our approach allows evaluating simultaneously multiple hardware platform configurations with only one simulation run. State-of-the-art solutions are improved by speeding up the simulation throughput relying on the fast LLVM IR JIT execution engine. Results show on average over 94% prediction accuracy and a speedup of 200 times compared to interpretive simulations. The simulation performance reaches up to 300 MIPS when one HW configuration is assessed and it grows up to 1 GIPS evaluating four configurations in parallel. Additionally, we show that our approach can be utilized for producing early timing estimations that support the designers in mapping a system to heterogeneous hardware platforms.
Conformation controlled stepwise hydride shuffling from the metal to the ligand backbone
2020-01-01

The protonation of the benzo annulated cycloheptatriene PCP pincer ruthenium hydrido dicarbonyl complex using the superacid [H(Et<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>][BArF<sub>24</sub>] launches a cascade of hydride shifts which lead to the hydrogenation of the ligand backbone.
Printing the Weather: Knowledge, Nature, and Popular Culture in Two Sixteenth-Century German Weather Books
2020-01-01

This article analyzes two vernacular German books that offered learned guidance for how to use natural observation as a means of gaining knowledge of the weather. Published a combined seventy-seven times throughout the sixteenth century, the “Wetterbüchlein” (Weather booklet) and “Bauern Practica” (Peasants’ practica) were commercially successful and widely circulated. Printers marketed the books as being accessible to anyone and reinforced that claim in the paratextual features of the books. In text and image, these books promoted the idea that even common people could participate in the production of knowledge based on the proper observation of nature.
Bilingualism Versus Translanguaging in a Swiss Day-Care Center: A Space Analysis of Language Practices and Their Janus-Faced Effects on Social Inequalities and Educational Opportunities
2020-01-01

Abstract Based on an ethnographic study of institutional language policies in bilingual Swiss day-care centers (French/German), we discuss implications these policies have in terms of balancing or even intensifying educational inequalities. Referring to a space analytical approach, we investigate to what extent language practices are regulated in relation to imaginations of the social order of languages in the social space surrounding the institution. In terms of social justice, our findings raise the question whether bilingualism is more likely to push back translanguaging rather than support it.
Experimental glioma with high bHLH expression harbor increased replicative stress and are sensitive toward ATR inhibition
2020-01-01

Abstract Background The overexpression of (basic)helix-loop-helix ((b)HLH) transcription factors (TFs) is frequent in malignant glioma. We investigated molecular effects upon disruption of the (b)HLH network by a dominant-negative variant of the E47 protein (dnE47). Our goal was to identify novel molecular subgroup-specific therapeutic strategies. Methods Glioma cell lines LN229, LNZ308, and GS-2/GS-9 were lentivirally transduced. Functional characterization included immunocytochemistry, immunoblots, cytotoxic, and clonogenic survival assays in vitro, and latency until neurological symptoms in vivo. Results of cap analysis gene expression and RNA-sequencing were further validated by immunoblot, flow cytometry, and functional assays in vitro. Results The induction of dnE47-RFP led to cytoplasmic sequestration of (b)HLH TFs and antiglioma activity in vitro and in vivo. Downstream molecular events, ie, alterations in transcription start site usage and in the transcriptome revealed enrichment of cancer-relevant pathways, particularly of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. Pharmacologic validation of this result using ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) inhibition led to a significantly enhanced early and late apoptotic effect compared with temozolomide alone. Conclusions Gliomas overexpressing (b)HLH TFs are sensitive toward inhibition of the ATR kinase. The combination of ATR inhibition plus temozolomide or radiation therapy in this molecular subgroup are warranted.
Learning to Adapt Multi-View Stereo by Self-Supervision
2020-01-01

3D scene reconstruction from multiple views is an important classical problem in computer vision. Deep learning based approaches have recently demonstrated impressive reconstruction results. When training such models, self-supervised methods are favourable since they do not rely on ground truth data which would be needed for supervised training and is often difficult to obtain. Moreover, learned multi-view stereo reconstruction is prone to environment changes and should robustly generalise to different domains. We propose an adaptive learning approach for multi-view stereo which trains a deep neural network for improved adaptability to new target domains. We use model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML) to train base parameters which, in turn, are adapted for multi-view stereo on new domains through self-supervised training. Our evaluations demonstrate that the proposed adaptation method is effective in learning self-supervised multi-view stereo reconstruction in new domains.
Dynamic locking screws in proximal humeral plate osteosynthesis demonstrate superior fixation properties: a biomechanical study
2020-01-01

Abstract Purpose Angular stable implants reduced the complication rate in the treatment of humeral head fractures. But the failure rate is still high. To further reduce the risk of cut‐out, cement augmentation of screws was introduced. A reason for failure of plate osteosynthesis might be the extremely high stiffness of the screw‐plate interface leading to a loss of reduction and cut‐out of screws. A more homogeneous distribution of the forces on all screws may avoid secondary dislocation. We hypothesize that dynamic osteosynthesis minimizes screw loosening and results in a higher load to failure than standard locking screws. Methods Twelve paired human humerus specimens were analysed. A standardized three‐part fracture model with a metaphyseal defect was simulated. Within each pair of humeri, one was fixed with a Philos plate and standard locking screws (LS), whereas the other humerus was fixed with a Philos plate and dynamic locking screws (DLS). A cyclic varus‐bending test or a rotation test with increasing loading force was performed until failure of the screw‐bone‐fixation. Results In the varus bending test, pairs failed by screw loosening in the humeral head. The LS‐group reached 2901 (601–5201) load cycles until failure, while the DLS‐group failed after 3731 (2001–5601) cycles. This corresponds to a median loading of 195 N for the LS‐group and 235 N for the DLS‐group ( p = 0.028). In the rotation test the LS‐group reached a median of 1101 (501–1501) load cycles until failure of fixation occurred, while the DLS‐group failed after 1401 (401–2201) cycles ( p = 0.225). Conclusions Plate fixation using dynamic locking screws for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures demonstrated more load cycles until failure compared to standard locking plate osteosynthesis.
HumorAAC at SemEval-2020 Task 7: Assessing the Funniness of Edited News Headlines through Regression and Trump Mentions
2020-01-01

In this paper we describe our contribution to the Semeval-2020 Humor Assessment task. We essentially use three different features that are passed into a ridge regression to determine a funniness score for an edited news headline: statistical, count-based features, semantic features and contextual information. For deciding which one of two given edited headlines is funnier, we additionally use scoring information and logistic regression. Our work was mostly concentrated on investigating features, rather than improving prediction based on pre-trained language models. The resulting system is task-specific, lightweight and performs above the majority baseline. Our experiments indicate that features related to socio-cultural context, in our case mentions of Donald Trump, generally perform better than context-independent features like headline length.
Funny3 at SemEval-2020 Task 7: Humor Detection of Edited Headlines with LSTM and TFIDF Neural Network System
2020-01-01

This paper presents a neural network system where we participate in the first task of SemEval-2020 shared task 7 “Assessing the Funniness of Edited News Headlines”. Our target is to create to neural network model that can predict the funniness of edited headlines. We build our model using a combination of LSTM and TF-IDF, then a feed-forward neural network. The system manages to slightly improve RSME scores regarding our mean score baseline.
TueMix at SemEval-2020 Task 9: Logistic Regression with Linguistic Feature Set
2020-01-01

Commonly occurring in settings such as social media platforms, code-mixed content makes the task of identifying sentiment notably more challenging and complex due to the lack of structure and noise present in the data. SemEval-2020 Task 9, SentiMix, was organized with the purpose of detecting the sentiment of a given code-mixed tweet comprising Hindi and English. We tackled this task by comparing the performance of a system, TueMix - a logistic regression algorithm trained with three feature components: TF-IDF n-grams, monolingual sentiment lexicons, and surface features - with a neural network approach. Our results showed that TueMix outperformed the neural network approach and yielded a weighted F1-score of 0.685.
Castor-like postcranial adaptation in an uppermost Miocene beaver from the Staniantsi Basin (NW Bulgaria)
2020-01-01

The Staniantsi-Mazgoš Basin is one of several Neogene intramontane basins in NW Bulgaria. Recent fieldwork in the open pit coal mine yielded material of an exceptional diversity of vertebrates from the uppermost Miocene. In particular, skeletal remains of a large Castorinae are very numerous and well-preserved. Here we perform a comparative morphological description of the postcranium of the Staniantsi-beaver and compare it with the extant Castor fiber and closely related fossil taxa, noting an overall high degree of similarity in many cases. Analyses of the functional anatomy confirm similar locomotor adaptations of the large Staniantsi-beaver and the extant Castor fiber. It is shown that the hindlimb exhibits typical adaptations for swimming and the forelimb is modified for a primary fossorial movement. Further, the caudal vertebrae indicate a flattened tail. Minor osteological differences can be used in a future clarification of the taxonomic status of this fossil castorine. In conclusion, the large Staniantsi-beaver seems to be equivalent to the extant Castor fiber and several fossil castorids in his locomotor adaptations and fits perfectly into the assumed swampy to lacustrine palaeoenvironment of the Staniantsi-Mazgoš Basin. Our results highlight the importance of the postcranium for reconstructing the palaeobiology and elucidating the taxonomy of fossil rodents.
RNA ImmunoGenic Assay: A Method to Detect Immunogenicity of in vitro Transcribed mRNA in Human Whole Blood
2020-01-01

The mRNA therapeutics is a new class of medicine to treat many various diseases. However, <i>in vitro</i> transcribed (IVT) mRNA triggers immune responses due to recognition by human endosomal and cytoplasmic RNA sensors, but incorporation of modified nucleosides have been shown to reduce such responses. Therefore, an assay signifying important aspects of the human immune system is still required. Here, we present a simple <i>ex vivo</i> method called 'RNA ImmunoGenic Assay' to measure immunogenicity of IVT-mRNAs in human whole blood. Chemically modified and unmodified mRNA are complexed with a transfection reagent (TransIT), and co-incubated in human whole blood. Specific cytokines are measured (TNF-α, INF-α, INF-γ, IL-6 and IL-12p70) using ELISAs. The qPCR analysis is performed to reveal the activation of specific immune pathways. The RNA ImmunoGenic Assay provides a simple and fast method to detect donor specific - immune response against mRNA therapeutics. <b>Graphic abstract:</b> <b>Schematic representation of RNA ImmunoGenic Assay</b>.
Detecting process instabilities in industrial gas metal arc welding time series
2020-01-01

Gas metal arc welding is widely used in industrial series production for joining aluminum. A lot of factors, such as instabilities and complex dependencies, influence the quality of the resulting welding seams. It is challenging to identify the causes of welding defects, and the real reason is not always well understood. Ensuring the process stability helps production workers to increase the overall production efficiency. The process stability increases the process repeatability, so the welding performance is optimized and rejects are avoided. This paper presents a technique to detect process instabilities within the multivariate process variables automatically. An autoencoder architecture is implemented. The latent space of the autoencoder and reconstruction of the time series are used to detect process instabilities. Detected issues are visualized in a heatmap, including supportive metrics to describe deviations from the expected behavior. As a result, the proposed architecture supports process optimization and leads to an increase in production transparency.