julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
1-Bend Orthogonal Partial Edge Drawing
2014-01-01

Recently, a new layout style to avoid edge crossings in straight-line drawings of non-planar graphs received attention. In a Partial Edge Drawing (PED), the middle part of each segment representing an edge is dropped and the two remaining parts, called stubs, are not crossed. To help the user inferring the position of the two end-vertices of each edge, additional properties like symmetry and homogeneity are ensured in a PED. In this paper we explore this approach with respect to orthogonal drawings - a central concept in graph drawing. In particular, we focus on orthogonal drawings with one bend per edge, i.e., 1-bend drawings, and we dene a new model called 1-bend Orthogonal Partial Edge Drawing, or simply 1-bend OPED. Similarly to the straight-line case, we study those graphs that admit 1-bend OPEDs when homogeneity and symmetry are required, where these two properties are dened so to support readability and avoid ambiguities. According to this new model, we show that every graph that admits a 1-bend drawing also admits a 1-bend OPED as well as 1-bend homogeneous orthogonal PED, i.e., a 1-bend HOPED. Furthermore, we prove that all graphs with maximum degree 3 admit a 1-bend symmetric and homogeneous orthogonal PED, i.e., a 1-bend SHOPED. Concerning graphs with maximum degree 4, we prove that the 2-circulant graphs that admit a 1-bend drawing also admit a 1-bend SHOPED, while there is a graph with maximum degree 4 that does not admit such a representation.
Could a revision of the current guidelines for cancer drug use improve the quality of cancer treatment?
2014-01-01

Clinical practice guidelines are indispensable for such a variable disease as malignant solid tumors, with the complex possibilities of drug treatment. The current guidelines may be criticized on several points, however. First, there is a lack of information on the outcome of treatment, such as the expected success and failure rates. Treating not only drug responders but also nonresponders, that is, patients with drug resistance, must result in failures. There is no mention of the possibility of excluding the drug nonresponders, identifiable by special laboratory tests and no consideration is given to the different side effects of the recommended drug regimens. Nor are there any instructions concerning tumor cases for which anticancer drug treatment is futile. In such cases, early palliative care may lead to significant improvements in both life quality and life expectancy. Not least, there is no transparency concerning the preparation of the guidelines: persons cannot be identified who could give a statement of conflicts of interest, and responsibility is assumed only by anonymous medical associations. A revision of the current guidelines could considerably improve cancer treatment.
Inflorescences of the BromeliadVriesea friburgensisas Nest Sites and Food Resources for Ants and Other Arthropods in Brazil
2014-01-01

For the first time, the usage of bromeliad inflorescences as nesting sites for ants and other arthropods was studied. Frequencies of occurrence of nests were recorded from hollow stems of dried infructescences of the bromeliad Vriesea friburgensis on Santa Catarina Island, southern Brazil. Three habitat types were studied: miconietum and two types of restinga, one with low (restinga-low) and one with high vegetation cover (restinga-high). Additionally, flower visitation by ants was examined in restinga-low. Out of 619 infructescences, 33% contained nests. Ants were the most frequent occupants (82–96% of nests), followed by termites (3–18%) and bees (0–0.6%). Species accumulation curves and diversity indices indicate that the diversity of stem-occupying ant species is highest in restinga-low (eight species observed, 18 predicted) and lowest in restinga-high (four observed and predicted). Highest similarity of compositions of infructescence-inhabiting ant species was recorded between miconietum and restinga-high, lowest between restinga-low and restinga-high. Similarity between compositions of inflorescence-visiting and infructescence-inhabiting species in restinga-low was even higher (compared with the cases described in the previous sentence) although 50% of the involved species were present in only one of the samples. Altogether, our results indicate that inflorescences are important resources for ants and other nest-building insects from flowering season to past-fruiting season.
Nitric Oxide Activates Signaling by c-Raf, MEK, p-JNK, p38 MAPK and p53 in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells inhibits their Osteogenic Differentiation by Blocking Expression of Runx2
2014-01-01

Introduction: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a promising therapy for wound healing and regeneration of inflamed tissues.They are used clinically for different symptoms and diseases and are being investigated in clinical trials world wide at an increasing rate.However, depending on the application protocol and site of treatment, MSC may face an inflammatory environment.Objective: Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the soluble factors produced in acute and chronic inflammation and influences growth, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation of cells.NO therefore my have an influence on MSC injected into inflamed sites.Thus we investigated the effects of NO radicals on human MSC.Methods: Human MSC were expanded and characterized.Expression of the mesenchymal linage markers was determined by flow cytometry and their tri-lineage differentiation was explored in vitro.MSC were incubated with the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at different concentrations (5 μM-5 mM) and over different periods of time (15 min-24 hrs), and analyzed for their respiratory activity, gene expression responses, cell signalling pathways, and differentiation potential.Results: Human MSC expressed the mesenchymal marker proteins CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, but failed to express the hematopoietic markers CD11b, CD14, CD34, and CD45.Activation of the MSC in vitro by nitric oxide activated c-Raf-, p-38-MAPK, and p-JNK-mediated signalling in a dose dependent manner, and also significantly regulated genes involved in cellular proliferation (cyclin D1, GAS1), apoptotis (p53), and induced an intense nuclear factor E2-related factor (NRF2)-associated stress response.Moreover, NO inhibited the entry of MSC in the osteogenic differentiation pathway and NO-treated MSC expressed less of the transcription factor Runx2.In contrast, the expression of the adipogenic marker gene PPARγ2 remained unchanged. Conclusion:We conclude that NO modulates the metabolism of MSC and compromises their osteogenic differentiation potential, which may have detrimental consequences for bone remodelling or bone regeneration.
Do U/Pb-SHRIMP Dating and Pb Stepwise Leaching (PbSL) Analyses Confirm the Lack of Precambrian Basement Outcrops in Thailand?
2014-01-01

U/Pb-SHRIMP dating and Pb stepwise leaching (PbSL) experiments on zircons and garnets, respectively have confirmed the lack of Precambrian outcrops within the crystalline basement of Thailand. The obtained data for the high grade metamorphism show Indosinian ages ranging from 225 - 200 Ma as previously suggested for the vast majority of outcrops in NW-Thailand ([1] and references therein), as well as a small group of ages in the range of 445 Ma in the Lampang Province. Further, the age of a thermal imprint around 60 Ma was confirmed near Surat Thani, Peninsular Thailand, and only a few indications of older ages for the unknown source areas were detected in detrital components.
Magnetic resonance and optical imaging probes for NMDA receptors on the cell surface of neurons: synthesis and evaluation in cellulo
2014-01-01

A second generation of <italic>N</italic>-methyl-<sc>d</sc>-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-targeted MRI contrast agents has been synthesised, based on bicyclic NMDA receptor antagonists and show selective and reversible cell-surface binding.
E-Learning
2014-01-01

Information and communication technologies (ICT) were placed at the core of programmes and initiatives of the 'Lisbon agenda' of the European Commission. The eEurope Active Plan, one of the subsequent initiatives, encompassed a series of short-term plans seeking to integrate ICT into every aspect of economic, social and political life in the European Union (EU).
Atrioventricular Conduction Delay in the Second Trimester Measured by Fetal Magnetocardiography
2014-01-01

Introduction . Fetal AV block in SSA/Ro pregnancies is generally not seen before 18-week gestation and onset is rare after 28-week gestation. If complete AV block appears, it is believed to be irreversible. The purpose of the study was to evaluate precise electrophysiological AV conduction from 18-week gestation onwards. Patients and Methods . 21 fetuses of pregnant women with collagen vascular diseases were included in the study group and 59 healthy fetuses served as controls. In addition to fetal echocardiography, fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) was used to investigate precise electrophysiological fetal cardiac time intervals (fCTIs). Results . The PR segment (isoelectric segment between the end of the P wave and the start of the QRS complex) was significantly prolonged (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.036</mml:mn></mml:math>2nd trimester,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.023</mml:mn></mml:math>3rd trimester) in both trimesters within the study group. In fetuses less than 23-week gestational age, a nearly complete separation was found, where a PR segment of 60 ms or greater completely excluded control fetuses. All other fCTIs did not differ significantly. None of the fetuses progressed to a more advanced heart block. Conclusion . Slight antibody effects in pregnancy, leading to PR segment prolongation, can already be seen from 18-week gestation onwards by fMCG. Serial fetal Doppler echocardiography and additional fMCG can be useful methods to measure early and precise AV conduction time, to achieve best surveillance for these high-risk pregnancies.
On the Upward Planarity of Mixed Plane Graphs
2014-01-01

A mixed plane graph is a plane graph whose edge set is partitioned into a set of directed edges and a set of undirected edges. An orientation of a mixed plane graph G is an assignment of directions to the undirected edges of G resulting in a directed plane graph ???G. In this paper, we study the computational complexity of testing whether a given mixed plane graph G is upward planar, i.e., whether it can be oriented to obtain a directed plane graph ???G such that ???G admits a planar drawing in which each edge is represented by a y-monotone curve. Our contribution is threefold. First, we show that upward planarity can be tested in cubic time for mixed outerplane graphs. Second, we show that the problem of testing the upward planarity of mixed plane graphs reduces in quadratic time to the problem of testing the upward planarity of mixed plane triangulations. Third, we design linear-time testing algorithms for two classes of mixed plane triangulations, namely mixed plane 3-trees and mixed plane triangulations in which the undirected edges induce a forest.
Geometric zeta functions for higher rank $p$-adic groups
2014-01-01

The higher rank Lefschetz formula for -adic groups is used to prove rationality of a several-variable zeta function attached to the action of a -adic group on its Bruhat–Tits building. By specializing to certain lines one gets one-variable zeta functions, which then can be related to geometrically defined zeta functions.
Frequent Abdominal Pain in Childhood and Youth: A Systematic Review of Psychophysiological Characteristics
2014-01-01

Background . Frequent abdominal pain (AP) in children and adolescents is often designated as functional gastrointestinal disorder. In contrast to research on psychological and social influences on the experience of AP in this population, psychophysiological features such as function of the autonomic nervous system, the central nervous system, or the endocrine system have rarely been studied. Methods . We conducted a systematic literature search for peer-reviewed journal articles referring to children with AP between 4 and 18 years. Studies on experimental baseline characteristics or reactivity of psychophysiological outcome parameters (autonomous nervous system, central nervous system, and endocrine parameters) were included. Key Results . Twelve of 18 included studies found psychophysiological differences between children with AP and healthy ones. These studies indicate a possible autonomic dysregulation and hypersensitivity of the central nervous system in children with AP following stimulation with stress or other intense stimuli. Mainly conflicting results were found regarding baseline comparisons of autonomic and endocrine parameters. Conclusions and Inferences . Frequent AP in children may be associated with an altered psychophysiological reaction on intense stimuli. It has to be considered that the current literature on psychophysiological characteristics of childhood AP is small and heterogeneous. In particular, multiparameter studies using validated experimental paradigms are lacking.
Luminosity dependent accretion state change in GRO J1008–57
2014-01-01

In a former publication, we have analyzed the transient neutron star X-ray binary GRO J1008–57 using all available RXTE-, Swift-, and Suzaku-data. As we have found, the source’s spectral components, i.e., a power-law with high exponential cutoff and a black-body, are strongly correlated with the hard X-ray flux (15–50 keV). We update the analytical description of these dependence, including a change in the photon index behaviour from a flat to a logarithmic function. The flux, where the change occurs, is consistent with the onset of the black-body emission. Thus, a change of the accretion state always occurs in GRO J1008–57 at a particular flux level.
Optimal Acquisition Strategies in Unknown Territories
2014-01-01

We investigate the optimal acquisition strategy of an investor who wants to acquire a target firm under incomplete information. The response to acquisition offers signals firm productivity, affecting future competition. We identify a competition effect (firms compete for acquisition) and a revelation effect (firms signal productivity). These effects reduce the rejection profits and increase the acceptance probability. If the investor makes simultaneous offers, the revelation effect is a potential threat: a firm may signal low productivity, but may not be acquired. If, however, the investor makes offers sequentially, this threat does not exist, making sequential offers the optimal acquisition strategy.
The Equine CD4+ Lymphocyte Proteome
2014-01-01

CD4 + T cells are key players in immunology and disease pathology, including relapsing autoimmune uveitis. Equine recurrent uveitis is the only spontaneous animal model for this disease in man. Knowledge about the CD4 + cell proteome is crucial for studies on possible changes in proteome expression of CD4 + effector cells in disease. For this purpose, we generated a reference dataset of the equine CD4 + cell proteome by sorting equine CD4 + lymphocytes followed by analysis of whole cell lysate as well as membrane protein fraction using mass spectrometry.
NUCLEON RESONANCES AND GPDS IN AdS/QCD
2014-01-01

We discuss an holographic soft wall model to describe nucleon properties. We pay special attention to nucleon spectrum, GPDs in the skewness case for nucleons and electroproduction of the N (1440) Roper resonance in soft-wall AdS/QCD.
Upon the photostability of 8-nitro-cGMP and its caging as a 7-dimethylaminocoumarinyl ester
2014-01-01

8-Nitro-cGMP was recently discovered as a second messenger of nitric oxide. We describe here the synthesis and properties of DMACM-modified 8-nitro-cGMP for photochemical uncaging. Owing to the limited photostability of 8-nitro-cGMP care must be taken, but the photorelease of the intact product was readily feasible. Unexpectedly, 8-nitro-cGMP decays under formation of 8-nitrosoguanine when irradiated with light.
2,3-Dihydro-1,3,4,5-tetraisopropylimidazol-2-yliden / 2,3-Dihydro-1,3,4,5-tetraisopropylimidazol-2-ylidene
2014-01-01

2,3-Dihydro-1,3,4,5-tetraisopropylimidazol-2-ylidene (1d) is obtained from 1,3,4,5-tetraisopropylimidazolin- 2-thion (2d) and potassium in excellent yield. On comparison with 2,3-dihydro-1,3- diethyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (1b) and 2,3-dihydro-1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol- 2-ylidene (1c), 2d exhibits a markedly decreased reactivity towards electrophiles which can be explained by differences in the molecular structures in the crystal.
A Perspective on the Future Retail Energy Market
2014-01-01

Electrical energy will be more expensive and less predictable in the near future. A leading factor in this trend is the mass deployment of renewable energy sources. In this paper, we sketch the structure of the elec- trical energy grid and explain why power supply will be more demanding in the future. More volatile energy prices and small energy suppliers will create more activity on the retail energy market (REM). We present a per- spective on the future REM that calls for communication support to satisfy the information needs of the market participants.
The motivations of research teams and their cooperation with industry
2014-01-01

Taking researchers' motivations to cooperate with industry as the basis for exploring the characteristics and effects of their inducement, our analysis contributes to the debate on the factors interacting on university-industry engagement processes and thus helps to capture some intricate aspects of the nature of those cooperative exchanges. Our study includes a large variety of knowledge transfer channels, all scientific fields, and some relevant group (research teams) and individual (research teams' leaders) variables to make simultaneous observations. The specificities of the disparate reality observed regarding researchers' motivations and their involvement in cooperative mechanisms with industry demands a more focused and diversified course of action both in terms of further research and policy-making.
The Future of Combination Therapies of Insulin with a Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes – Is it Advantageous?
2014-01-01

Safe and effective therapies for type 2 diabetes are needed to reduce the burden of late complications and costs associated with this chronic disease. Hypoglycaemia and body weight gain are side effects and limitations of the therapy with insulin and/or sulphonylureas. Recently, the combination of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and insulin has become available, which is associated with good efficacy and less risk for hypoglycaemia and weight gain. This editorial discusses the strategies to escalate treatment in type 2 diabetes in view of this novel combination and discusses its placement within the therapeutic algorithm of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Recent developments to simplify this combination therapy are also dealt with.
Vision and Challenges of a Cartographic Representation of Expert Medical Centres for Rare Diseases
2014-01-01

In Germany, many highly specialized facilities for the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases exist. However it is quite difficult for patients to find the required specialists because of the fact that information on the internet is scattered and of variable quality. The German Federal Ministry of Health initiated several activities to address this issue. This paper describes the project se-atlas which aims at presenting the medical care options for people with rare diseases on an interactive map and in a list format. Potential users of this resource will be patients and their relatives, doctors, non-medical personnel and the general public. Most information derived from the data sets is already listed in ORPHANET. The project's primary goals are to steadily increase the data set and to ensure its quality. This paper presents the goals and measures taken in this project. It gives an overview of the challenges implementing such a new service and the visions behind.
A Rare Combination of Brachymetatarsia and Congenital Hallux Varus:
2014-01-01

Hallux varus is defined as a medial deviation of the phalanx at the first metatarsophalangeal joint and can be congenital or acquired. Brachymetatarsia is defined as shortening of the metatarsal bones. A combination of hallux varus and brachymetatarsia is rare. A 15-year-old girl presented to our outpatient clinic complaining of problems with her feet. A distinctive hallux varus was present bilaterally combined with a brachymetatarsia of the first metatarsals. The patient reported discomfort. She was restricted in her activities and had severe psychological strain owing to the deformity. We decided on surgery. First, a Pennig MiniFixator for callus distraction of the first metatarsal bone was applied. Owing to the increased plantar subluxation of the phalanx during distraction, an extension of the external fixator was administered so that the hallux could be repositioned to a physiologically satisfying position. After sufficient callus formation, the hardware was removed 14 weeks after surgery. Thereafter, the phalanx moved back to the subluxed position. Finally, an arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was performed with a locking plate. Surgery should not be made only for cosmesis and associated psychological aspects; but, discomfort should be the deciding factor. The postoperative clinical and cosmetic results in our case were good, and the patient was quite satisfied. There was no longer any preoperative discomfort and pain.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase I/II trial of RNActive®-vaccine cv9104 in patients with metastatic castrate-refractory prostate cancer (mcrpc): first results of the Phase I part
2014-01-01

Meeting abstracts CV9104 is a novel mRNA-based therapeutic vaccine for prostate cancer encoding the prostate cancer-associated antigens PSA, PSMA, PSCA, STEAP, PAP and MUC1 by engineered mRNA molecules optimized for protein expression and immunostimulation (RNActive®). CV9103, an mRNA-based