julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Limited Reimbursement and Underuse of Digital Healthcare Concepts Are Major Barriers to Clinical Allergological Care in Germany
2023-01-01

Introduction: Allergic diseases represent a broad spectrum of high-prevalence, chronic conditions that remain underdiagnosed and undertreated. The aims of this interdisciplinary, questionnaire-based, non-interventional study were to identify and analyze potential barriers to clinical allergological care in Germany. Methods: All hospitals listed in the German hospital register involved in the treatment of allergological patients (n = 899) were invited to participate. The study yielded a response rate of 52.1% (n = 468). Results: Overall, 88.5% of clinics agreed that allergological care in Germany needs improvement, especially in terms of reimbursement for diagnostics and therapy. More than 80% of participating clinics reported that the decreased availability of test substances and the time-intensity of allergological testing represent relevant barriers. For dermatology and pulmonology, the former is the strongest barrier, while for pediatric and ENT clinics, time-intensity is regarded as the strongest barrier. The availability of good therapy and appropriate guidelines present no barriers to allergological care. Regarding the use of digital healthcare concepts, a very large majority of clinics (n = 352; 91.4%) do not offer video consultations or the use of health applications in patient care. Conclusion: In conclusion, we have identified several structural barriers to allergological care in Germany. Reimbursement and the use of digital healthcare concepts in German clinics providing allergological care need improvement. Based on the results of this study, there is an urgent need for researchers and policymakers to further investigate and support allergology departments in their clinical work and in their implementation of digital healthcare concepts.
Contents list
2023-01-01

Permissions Request permissions Contents list Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2023, 25, 889 DOI: 10.1039/D3EM90015K This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.
Introduction: A Framework for Assessing Climate Security
2023-01-01

This chapter introduces the book, Climate Security in the Anthropocene—Exploring the Approaches of United Nations Security Council Member-States. Climate change is increasingly positioned as a security issue. A number of influential governance actors including states, international organisations, and civil society groups now connect climate change to a variety of security threats such as armed conflict, disasters, low socio-economic development, and fragile governing institutions. These threat perceptions have translated into political action and have led to the formation of a complex constellation of governance actors in response. In particular, over the past fifteen years both permanent and non-permanent member-states of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) have been instrumental in constructing and responding to climate security threats. This introductory chapter presents the overall aim of the book, which is to analyse whether the concept of security has shifted over time with respect to climate change, and if so, how these shifts have occurred in state practices. It begins by tracing the evolution of climate security in academic scholarship and in the UNSC. It then presents the theoretical framework of the book, which distinguishes between three ideal-types of climate security: national security, human security, and ecological security. It concludes by outlining the methodology of the book, which is comprised of fifteen case study chapters that explore the various ways in which member-states that sat on the UNSC between 2018 and in 2020 constructed and responded to climate security threats.
Race, Nation, Class: A Neo-Marxist Critique
2023-01-01

Racial discrimination is a phenomenon, which can be experienced in individual lives, in groups and communities, and in the structures of a global society. Racial discourses and the performance of discrimination are historical issues that are based on colonial and global relations. That’s why the topic of racism needs to be laid bare as an individual sensitisation as well as a structural – political, social, institutional, etc. – challenge. Often, education is held up as the solution to this. By this we mean education in a wide sense that addresses people of all ages, knowledge or social groups. According to Étienne Balibars and Immanuel Waller-stein’s book Race, Nation, Class - Ambiguous Identities (1991), we want to add a neo-Marxist perspective on the discussion of racism in issue 13 of on_education. We recognise a marginalization of historical and structural voices because some articles in the volume risk individualising a structural phenomenon – that of racism. To unpack our critique, we begin with a short overview of what a neo-Marxist perspective on racism comprises. In the second step, we outline how our perspective can enrich the discussion by summarising the main points of the volume's texts and critiquing them. In the final step, we conclude our argument with reflections on speaking about racism and education.
Modeling the potential distribution of the threatened Grey-necked Picathartes Picathartes oreas across its entire range
2023-01-01

Summary Understanding the distribution and extent of suitable habitats is critical for the conservation of endangered and endemic taxa. Such knowledge is limited for many Central African species, including the rare and globally threatened Grey-necked Picathartes Picathartes oreas , one of only two species in the family Picathartidae endemic to the forests of Central Africa. Despite growing concerns about land-use change resulting in fragmentation and loss of forest cover in the region, neither the extent of suitable habitat nor the potential species’ distribution is well known. We combine 339 (new and historical) occurrence records of Grey-necked Picathartes with environmental variables to model the potential global distribution. We used a Maximum Entropy modelling approach that accounted for sampling bias. Our model suggests that Grey-necked Picathartes distribution is strongly associated with steeper slopes and high levels of forest cover, while bioclimatic, vegetation health, and habitat condition variables were all excluded from the final model. We predicted 17,327 km 2 of suitable habitat for the species, of which only 2,490 km 2 (14.4%) are within protected areas where conservation designations are strictly enforced. These findings show a smaller global distribution of predicted suitable habitat forthe Grey-necked Picathartes than previously thought. This work provides evidence to inform a revision of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List status, and may warrant upgrading the status of the species from “Near Threatened” to “Vulnerable”.
Contents list
2023-01-01

Permissions Request permissions Contents list Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2023, 25, 1011 DOI: 10.1039/D3EM90020G This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.
The Role of (Self-)Reflection in an Increasingly Digital Entrepreneurship Education Environment
2023-01-01

Abstract (Self-)reflection is an increasingly utilised pedagogy in entrepreneurship education. This chapter conceptualises reflection as it pertains to education about, for and through entrepreneurship. It provides a review of the empirical literature, identifies some of the issues for student learning through reflection and introduces new perspectives on the role and requirements of the educator as they seek to create suitable environments for reflection – both for teaching and assessment.
“[T]he Scaffolding of the Letter H” – Responding to the Contributions by Marvin Baudisch and Azusa Takata
2023-01-01

Philology deals with the dead from Homer to Hamsun – to play the game with the letter "H" a little further which was discovered by Susanne Komfort-Hein and which Christian Kracht plays in his rewriting of the novella The Dead by James Joyce, which in turn was adapted into a Hollywood film in 1987 in color by John Huston who is so significant for Peter Handke.
Christian Kracht’s Micro-aesthetics
2023-01-01

The fact that Christian Kracht creates a global framework for his novels and thereby processes historical discourses in literary form is one of the topoi of research that repeatedly raises the question of what relationship between fiction and reality can be attributed to Kracht's literature as a whole. This question seems all the more urgent since Kracht, on the occasion of his poetics lectureship in Frankfurt am Main in 2018, took the revelation of his traumatic childhood experiences as an opportunity to present an interpretation of his work that seemingly conclusively relates the countless inconsistencies of his novels back to this specific biographical event. Almost unnoticed by this confession and auto-exegesis, Kracht has made a poetological statement that seems like a point of contrast to the global view of the work: A micro-aesthetic of dissonance.
A Kassite Exercise Tablet with Omens Concerning the “Yoke” of the Liver
2023-01-01

This paper offers an editio princeps of HS 1898, a Kassite exercise tablet containing an extract with ten liver omens followed by numeric tallies with the 10u-sign. The omens duplicate the fragmentary obverse of a Neo-Babylonian nīru-compendium, the reverse of which in turn replicated omens known from the fifteenth tablet of the bārûtu-series Pān tākalti and the unedited fragment from Nineveh. The student used complicated lexical and graphical variations in writing the technical term nīru, “the Yoke.”
Contents list
2023-01-01

Permissions Request permissions Contents list Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2023, 25, 1137 DOI: 10.1039/D3EM90024J This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.
Tübingen at SemEval-2023 Task 4: What Can Stance Tell? A Computational Study on Detecting Human Values behind Arguments
2023-01-01

This paper describes the performance of a system which uses stance as an output instead of taking it as an input to identify 20 human values behind given arguments, based on two datasets for SemEval-2023 Task 4. The rationale was to draw a conclusion on whether predicting stance would help predict the given human values better. For this setup—predicting 21 labels—a pre-trained language model, RoBERTa-Large was used. The system had an F -score of 0.50 for predicting these human values for the main test set while this score was 0.35 on the secondary test set, and through further analysis, this paper aims to give insight into the problem of human value identification.
TüReuth Legal at SemEval-2023 Task 6: Modelling Local and Global Structure of Judgements for Rhetorical Role Prediction
2023-01-01

This paper describes our system for SemEval-2023 Task 6: LegalEval: Understanding Legal Texts. We only participate in Sub-Task (A), Predicting Rhetorical Roles. Our final submission achieves 73.35 test set F1 score, ranking 17th of 27 participants. The proposed method combines global and local models of label distributions and transitions between labels. Through our analyses, we show that especially modelling the temporal distribution of labels contributes positively to performance.
Using Learning Analytics for Adaptive Exercise Generation
2023-01-01

Single Choice exercises constitute a central exercise type for language learning in a learner’s progression from mere implicit exposure through input enhancement to productive language use in open exercises. Distractors that support learning in the individual zone of proximal development should not be derived from static analyses of learner corpora, but rely on dynamic learning analytics based on half-open exercises. We demonstrate how a system’s error diagnosis module can be re-used for automatic and dynamic generation and adaptation of distractors, as well as to inform exercise generation in terms of relevant learning goals and reasonable chunking in Jumbled Sentences exercises.
Postpneumonectomy Empyema in the Presence of COVID-19 Pneumonia after Non-COVID-19 ARDS
2023-01-01

Abstract Development of pleural empyema with or without bronchopleural fistula following pneumonectomy presents a major complication with a mortality of 10 to 20%. The surgical goals of bronchopleural fistula treatment are infection control, pus drainage, and lung re-expansion. The main goal is closure of the fistula. This can be achieved with various surgical methods, such as the Clagett or accelerated Weder procedure, omentoplasty, or a transpericardial approach, according to Abruzzini. We present the case of a 58-year-old patient with pleural empyema within the postpneumonectomy cavity in the presence of severe COVID-19 pneumonia after non-COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy. The patient had undergone right-sided pneumonectomy for destroyed lung syndrome after invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Contents list
2023-01-01

Permissions Request permissions Contents list Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2023, 25, 1257 DOI: 10.1039/D3EM90027D This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.
Tracing Mobility Patterns of Buried Species of the Late Iron Age Funerary Staggered Turriform of Son Ferrer (Calvià, Spain)
2023-01-01

Abstract This is the first mobility 87 Sr/ 86 Sr analysis in human remains made on the Balearic Islands. Eight human individuals buried at the same Late Iron Age funerary chamber of Son Ferrer site (Calvià, Mallorca) have been sampled for strontium and oxygen isotopic analysis ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and δ 18 O). The study includes strontium and oxygen isotopic analysis of domestic mammals buried in the same Funerary Area (FA1) together with present-day vegetation and archaeological bone to assess the strontium isotopic ratios ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) around the site. All the results are compatible with the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr documented in Mallorca and, more specifically, with the surrounding bedrocks from the site. Humans, caprines, and dogs provided similar results and no significant differences are found between the species. The only exception is a caprine which shows seasonal movement through the period of enamel mineralisation. The isotopic information agrees with the previous studies, which proposed that Son Ferrer site was a symbolic place for the surrounding territory where people from the nearby villages were buried.
Ageing and Cancer Research & Treatment
2023-01-01

Increasing life expectancy globally results in predictions that one in six people will be >65 years of age by 2050.Because the occurrence of most cancers is strongly associated with older age, a significant increase in the number of older adults with cancer is to be expected.It is likely that increased cancer in older adults can be explained both by the greater duration of exposure to external factors such as ultraviolet radiation, alcohol, smoking and pollution (hence modifiable by non-medical means) as well as intrinsic factors (such as metabolic stress and reactive oxygen species).These insults contribute to DNA damage and mutation that can lead to carcinogenesis if not counteracted by the appropriate repair mechanisms, or other protective strategies.Tissues from cancer-free individuals frequently contain mutations commonly observed in cancer, but these cells remain dormant until some endogenous or exogenous events promote carcinogenesis.In ageing individuals, less efficient surveillance and immune responses against cancer may represent one such event, as well as the chronic low level inflammation commonly accompanying ageing.Additionally, because of comorbidities, older patients are less robust and it is more likely that polypharmacy interferes with cancer treatment.Despite all this awareness of the impact of ageing, most cancer research, both clinical and preclinical, fails to fully consider age-associated differences in cancer occurrence and treatment, and there are very few journals specifically dedicated to publishing explorations of these issues in either the basic research or clinical context.Hence, the time has come to establish a new journal dedicated to taking a holistic approach to all aspects of cancer in older individuals.We are therefore now welcoming papers that may shed light on these increasingly important issues.
Drama II: Luise Adelgunde Victorie Gottsched: Die Dramen
2023-01-01

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das dramatische Werk von Luise Adelgunde Victorie Gottsched und stellt die einschlägige Forschung dar. Darüber hinaus wirft er ein Schlaglicht auf die Rezeption und Aufführungsgeschichte.
Chemogenomic screening in patient-derived tissue models enables target identification and drug repurposing
2023-01-01

<p class="first" dir="auto" id="d9825228e86">The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology and genomics. Unreliable translatability of preclinical in vitro and in vivo models has been identified as the cause of most failure. Organotypic and microphysiological culture of primary human cells has emerged as a set of promising tools for preclinical drug development to narrow this translation gap. In this talk I will provide an overview of our recent efforts in developing 3D human tissue cultures and microfluidic models for both efficacy and safety assessments. In addition, the talk will present recent use cases where such organotypic cultures identified new drug targets and had direct impacts on market authorizations.
Introduction. Epigraphy, the Qurʾān, and the Religious Landscape of Arabia
2023-01-01

Abstract A wide range of archaeological finds is rapidly expanding our knowledge of the pre-Islamic cultural milieu and the political structures of the Arabian Peninsula during Late Antiquity, and thereby of the Qurʾān’s cultural context. This material can offer a complementary reading to the literary accounts on pre-Islamic Arabia, which were mostly composed outside of Arabia or long after the late antique period. There is a growing need to make the recent exciting discoveries of scholars working on the Qurʾān and Arabia more widely accessible to historians who may not have a solid background in archaeology and epigraphy. As such, the ERC project “The Qur'an as a Source for Late Antiquity” (QaSLA) organized a conference, titled “Epigraphy, the Qur'an, and the Religious Landscape of Arabia”, which took place in Tübingen on 8 – 10 September 2022. The three-day international conference brought together specialists in epigraphy as well as scholars of the Qurʾān to explore how recent epigraphic and archaeological findings and research have been changing our understanding of the Qurʾān and the Arabian religious, cultural, and political landscape. Accordingly, the conference sought to integrate new archaeological finds with ongoing studies on the genesis of the Qurʾān, its Arabian background, and the broader cultural milieu of pre-Islamic Arabia with a special focus on the dawn of Islam. The conference also featured an important contribution by Peter Webb on pre-Islamic poetry, another neglected corpus of inquiry into the history of pre-Islamic Arabia. Aiming to foster discussion between scholars, each panel was paired with a specialist on the Qurʾān or the wider history of Arabia.
Intimate partner violence in Germany before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A gender perspective
2023-01-01

The article discusses intimate partner violence (IPV) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the extent to which victimization has changed. International studies on IPV have attributed victimization to the social character of the sexes, with an explicit analysis of gender attitudes, beliefs and gender roles. Consistent with this international approach, the gender attitudes of individuals are used to examine the link between social character and victimization. The study draws on a sample of mainly young adults as the empirical basis for a quantitative analysis conducted at a German University in the spring of 2021. The article explores the extent to which gender stereotypes occur, their impact on the likelihood of victimization and how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected IPV and role models.
Neither hype nor gloom do DNNs justice
2023-01-01

Abstract Neither the hype exemplified in some exaggerated claims about deep neural networks (DNNs), nor the gloom expressed by Bowers et al. do DNNs as models in vision science justice: DNNs rapidly evolve, and today's limitations are often tomorrow's successes. In addition, providing explanations as well as prediction and image-computability are model desiderata; one should not be favoured at the expense of the other.
ViPE: Visualise Pretty-much Everything
2023-01-01

Figurative and non-literal expressions are profoundly integrated in human communication. Visualising such expressions allow us to convey our creative thoughts, and evoke nuanced emotions. Recent text-to-image models like Stable Diffusion, on the other hand, struggle to depict non-literal expressions. Recent works primarily deal with this issue by compiling humanly annotated datasets on a small scale, which not only demands specialized expertise but also proves highly inefficient. To address this issue, we introduce ViPE: Visualise Pretty-much Everything. ViPE offers a series of lightweight and robust language models that have been trained on a large-scale set of lyrics with noisy visual descriptions that represent their implicit meaning. The synthetic visual descriptions are generated by GPT3.5 relying on neither human annotations nor images. ViPE effectively expresses any arbitrary piece of text into a visualisable description, enabling meaningful and high-quality image generation. We provide compelling evidence that ViPE is more robust than GPT3.5 in synthesising visual elaborations. ViPE also exhibits an understanding of figurative expressions comparable to human experts, providing a powerful and open-source backbone to many downstream applications such as music video and caption generation.
Outlier Dimensions Encode Task Specific Knowledge
2023-01-01

Representations from large language models (LLMs) are known to be dominated by a small subset of dimensions with exceedingly high variance. Previous works have argued that although ablating these outlier dimensions in LLM representations hurts downstream performance, outlier dimensions are detrimental to the representational quality of embeddings. In this study, we investigate how fine-tuning impacts outlier dimensions and show that 1) outlier dimensions that occur in pre-training persist in fine-tuned models and 2) a single outlier dimension can complete downstream tasks with a minimal error rate. Our results suggest that outlier dimensions can encode crucial task-specific knowledge and that the value of a representation in a single outlier dimension drives downstream model decisions.