julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Imaging Network Alterations in Patients With Genetic Generalized Epilepsy and Their Healthy Siblings Using Magneto- and Electroencephalography
2022-01-01

Genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) is a common epilepsy syndrome and represents the largest group of epilepsies suspected to have a complex genetic etiology. Specific time windows for age of onset and various seizure types that rapidly engage bilateral networks of the brain characterize GGE. Another hallmark of GGE is the occurrence of brief, transient synchronized discharges in the 2-3 Hz range, as observed in the electroencephalogram. To date, there is no clear understanding of how large-scale brain networks behave in the absence of seizures or discharges, that is, during the interictal state in GGE. It is also unclear how this functional state relates to the genetic etiology of the disease. This dissertation presents three studies that address the interictal state in GGE and its functional underpinnings to support diagnostic and therapeutic innovations using electrophysiological imaging phenotypes: In study I, patients with GGE and healthy individuals were measured during the resting-state using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Network power and phase-based connectivity were estimated following a whole-brain approach and surface-based source analyses. An endophenotype approach was adopted, in which also the healthy siblings of the patients were studied to evaluate whether derived network alterations are genetically influenced. In study II, recordings from high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) of the same study cohort were analyzed with similar methods as in the first study and statistically combined with the MEG results and structural measures to broaden the understanding of the functional imaging phenotype in GGE. In study III, how power and connectivity vary across the lifespan was examined using a large-scale dataset from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) to advance knowledge of the biological meaning of these markers concerning normative lifespan trajectory and disease development. Overall, this dissertation sheds new light on the interictal state and the causes and consequences of network alterations in GGE by revealing increased connectivity and power and evidence for a genetic contribution. The examinations of the study cohort using both techniques, HD-EEG and MEG, in a broad frequency spectrum adds significantly to the understanding of GGE to date and helps in comparing these findings with those of previous clinical studies. The work in this dissertation further promotes multimodal imaging in GGE that incorporates brain structural features in addition to electrophysiological markers. It also proposes to investigate behavioral and genetic correlates of power and phase-based connectivity across the lifespan and to investigate deviations from the norm that may lead to pathology in GGE. Eventually, this dissertation provides suggestions into how electrophysiological data might be linked to the genetic nature of GGE.
Emotion-modulated Recall: Congruency Effects of Nonverbal Facial and Vocal Cues on Semantic Recall
2022-01-01

The current study had two main goals: First, to replicate the ‘bimodal integration’ effect (i.e. the automatic integration of crossmodal stimuli, namely facial emotions and emotional prosody); and second, to investigate whether this phenomenon facilitates or impairs the intake and retention of unattended verbal content. The study borrowed from previous bimodal integration designs and included a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task, where subjects were instructed to identify the emotion of a face (as either ‘angry’ or ‘happy’) while ignoring a concurrently presented sentence (spoken in an angry, happy, or neutral prosody), after which a surprise recall was administered to investigate effects on semantic content retention. While bimodal integration effects were replicated (i.e. faster and more accurate emotion identification under congruent conditions), congruency effects were not found for semantic recall. Overall, semantic recall was better for trials with emotional (vs. neutral) faces, and worse in trials with happy (vs. angry or neutral) prosody. Taken together, our findings suggest that when individuals focus their attention on evaluation of facial expressions, they implicitly integrate nonverbal emotional vocal cues (i.e. hedonic valence or emotional tone of accompanying sentences), and devote less attention to their semantic content. While the impairing effect of happy prosody on recall may indicate an emotional interference effect, more research is required to uncover potential prosody-specific effects. All supplemental online materials can be found on OSF (https://osf.io/am9p2/).
Popper’s Correspondence with Willard Van Orman Quine
2022-01-01

Willard van Orman Quine (1908–2000) was an American logician and philosopher working in the analytical tradition and shaping it in various respects. Quine is well-known for his critical attitude towards modal logic, which makes their conversation about Popper's formalization of modal logic in Popper (1947d) particularly interesting. The letter from Popper to Quine of 6 April 1948 is remarkable for an indication of the demarcation between logic and mathematics. Popper says that he has formulated inferential definitions for cardinal numbers; this would increase the scope of his approach from logic to mathematics. However, this idea has not been pursued in any of Popper's subsequent publications, and we were not able to find definite traces of this idea in his unpublished work either.
Popper’s Correspondence with Rudolf Carnap
2022-01-01

Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970) was a German logician and philosopher, an eminent member of the Vienna Circle and one of the main proponents of logical empiricism. The correspondence reproduced here covers the time from 1942 to 1947, when Carnap worked at the University of Chicago and Popper at Canterbury University College in Christchurch. During that time, Carnap published his books Introduction to Semantics (Carnap, 1942) and Formalization of Logic (Carnap, 1943) and sent copies to Popper in New Zealand. Popper's reading of these books is the starting point for their discussion on logic in this correspondence; Popper sends his detailed notes, remarks and questions to Carnap. Popper later frequently refers to Carnap's work on logic in both his published and unpublished articles. One of his criticisms of one of Carnap's systems, in a footnote of Popper (1947c), ultimately unjustified, is discussed in the last two letters reproduced here.
Africa’s Transitions to the Middle Ages
2022-01-01

In history writing, we need to have words, whether technical or not, to denote economic tendencies, changes in institutions, exchanged objects, or social practices. These words may remain the same, but behind their stability, they designate specific historical configurations. In this concluding note, I reflect on the possible meaning of the words we currently use to describe the social and economic histories of Africa in the long era stretching from 300 to 900 CE (or even 1000, as the title of this collection argues). I draw particular attention to the word “transition” which in the contemporary literature has become an umbrella term to describe any kind of transformation occurring across time. The result of this intellectual operation is that any implication about historical periodization and “structural changes” has vanished from the research agenda. In outlining the contents of this collection, my crucial task here is to restore the potent analytical meaning that a word such as transition implies and to reject the tendency to transform the descriptive into the explanatory.
Self-Commentary in Early Modern European Literature, 1400–1700. Francesco Venturi, ed. Intersections: Interdisciplinary Studies in Early Modern Culture 62. Leiden: Brill, 2019. xiv + 432 pp. €149.
2022-01-01

Self-Commentary in Early Modern European Literature, 1400–1700. Francesco Venturi, ed. Intersections: Interdisciplinary Studies in Early Modern Culture 62. Leiden: Brill, 2019. xiv + 432 pp. €149. - Volume 75 Issue 2
Liquidity – Networks – Deterritorialisation: Allan Sekula’s Critique of Flow
2022-01-01

"Fluidity" befasst sich mit Materialien in Bewegung – aktive und aktivierte, mobile und mobilisierte. Es geht um Prozesse des Wandels, der Bewegung und des Handelns in einem breiten Spektrum von Kontexten und auf verschiedenen räumlichen und zeitlichen Ebenen: von lokal bis global, von molekular bis infrastrukturell, von natürlich bis industriell, von unmittelbar und kurzlebig bis schleichend und geohistorisch, von anorganischen Substanzen bis zu lebenden Organismen. Dieser Band leistet einen Beitrag zu einer kritischen kulturellen Rheologie, die die materielle Komplexität, die epistemischen Funktionen, die politischen Verzweigungen und die ökologischen Dimensionen der Fluidität untersucht.
Popper’s Correspondence with Stephen Cole Kleene
2022-01-01

Stephen Cole Kleene (1909–1994) was an American logician, well-known for his fundamental work in various fields of theoretical computer science, such as formal language theory, automata theory and recursion theory. The letter to Kleene reproduced in this chapter shows Popper's continued interest in Boolean algebra. In that letter Popper claims to have found a proof of a theorem in Boolean algebra that contradicts propositions which are widely believed to be true; similar letters were sent to various other researchers. A typescript entitled "The Distributivity of Lattices with Unique Complements" was enclosed, but the alleged proof contains an error. As mentioned in the Preface, Popper's work on Boolean algebra is outside the scope of this edition. This episode, part of a larger critical examination of the logic of quantum mechanics, is discussed more fully in an article by ( Del Santo, F. (2020). An Unpublished Debate Brought to Light: Karl Popper's Enterprise against the Logic of Quantum Mechanics. In: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 70, pp. 65–78.).
Popper’s Correspondence with William Calvert Kneale
2022-01-01

William Calvert Kneale (1906–1990) was a British logician and historian of logic, who is best known for his book The Development of Logic (Kneale and Kneale,.The Development of Logic, Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press, 1962) on the history of logic, jointly written with his wife Martha Kneale. (For further biographical details cf. Smiley,.Proceedings of the British Academy 87:385–397, 1995.) In his letter to Popper, Kneale suggests a generalization of Popper's single-conclusion deducibility relation a1..... an.b to a multi-conclusion relation a1..... an.b1..... bm, where the formulas b1..... bm are understood conjunctively. This direction would later be pursued in ( Kneale, W. (1956). The Province of Logic. In: Contemporary British Philosophy, Third series. Ed. by H. D. Lewis. London: Allen & Unwin and New York: Humanities Press, pp. 235–261.) and in (Kneale and Kneale,.The Development of Logic, Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press, 1962), Ch. IX). Both of these texts refer to Popper, and Kneale develops Popper's ideas of inferential definitions into a theory where logical constants are defined by double-line rules, that is, rules which can be read in both directions. This makes Kneale one of the few persons who further developed Popper's ideas on the nature of logical constants.
Popper’s Correspondence with Paul Bernays
2022-01-01

Paul Isaak Bernays (1888–1977) was a Swiss logician who worked on the foundations of mathematics and set theory. (More biographical information can be found in Lauener, 1978.) From 1919 until 1933, when his venia legendi was revoked by the Nazi regime, he worked at the Mathematical Institute in Gottingen. He subsequently returned to the ETH in Zurich, where he would stay for the rest of his career. During this time he wrote Grundlagen der Mathematik I, II (Hilbert and Bernays, 1934, 1939) together with David Hilbert. Popper owned a copy of both volumes, which still exist with many of his own marginal notes in the Karl Popper Collection Klagenfurt. Popper also frequently cites the Grundlagen in his articles on logic. The letters reproduced here concern a meeting between Popper and Bernays which took place in April 1947 in Switzerland. At that time, Popper and Bernays pursued a joint publication on logic, a draft of which is reproduced in Chapter 14 of this volume. This joint work was never published, but these letters provide the context that helps explain its genesis. The correspondence furthermore contains a discussion of some of the criticisms raised by the reviewers of Popper's articles.
Popper’s Correspondence with Alonzo Church
2022-01-01

Alonzo Church (1903–1995) was an American logician and mathematician, well-known for his contributions to the theory of computability. He co-founded the Journal of Symbolic Logic and served as editor for reviews for its first forty-four volumes (cf. Enderton, H. B. (1995). In Memoriam: Alonzo Church. In: The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 1 (4), pp. 486–488.). Popper writes to him in this capacity in order to have his articles reviewed; he had hoped that Church would review his articles himself, but Church had to decline this suggestion and gave the reviews to Kleene and McKinsey instead (cf. this volume, § 13.12, § 13.13 and § 13.14). Apart from helping to fix the dates of the publication and dissemination of Popper's articles, the correspondence also contains a small addendum to "On the Theory of Deduction I" (Popper, 1948a, Chapter 5 of this volume).
Popper’s Correspondence with Kalman Joseph Cohen
2022-01-01

Kalman Joseph Cohen (1931–2010) was an American economist. Before his Ph.D. in economics at the Carnegie Institute of Technology (cf. Reed Magazine, 2011), he completed a B.Litt. in mathematical logic at Oxford University, which was supervised by Popper. In Cohen (1953b) he investigates various deductive systems, in particular sequent calculi, for logics which are dual to intuitionistic logic. Although a precursor to more modern treatments of dual-intuitionistic logics, it has not been recognized or discussed much in the literature (cf. Kapsner, A., D. Miller, and R. Dyckhoff (2014). Report on Kalman Cohen's 1954 Oxford Thesis on Alternative Systems of Logic. In: Handbook of the 5th World Congress on Paraconsistent Logic. Ed. by J.-Y. Beziau, M. Chakraborty, and S. Dutta, pp. 61–62. url: http://www.paraconsistency.org/book/Handbook-WCP5.pdf ., and this volume, Chapter 1 , § 2). The correspondence is notable for Popper's semantic explanation of dual consequence, that is, of a.1b1..... bmo. Popper writes that he intends to publish on this subject, which shows that as late as 1953 he was still working on these topics.
Popper’s Correspondence with Harold Jeffreys
2022-01-01

Harold Jeffreys (1891–1989) was a British scientist who mainly contributed to mathematics, statistics, Bayesian probability, geophysics and astronomy, but also published articles on other subjects. (For further biographical information cf. Cook, A. H. (1990). Sir Harold Jeffreys, 2 April 1891 – 18 March 1989. In: Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 36, pp. 301–333. url: https: //royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rsbm.1990.0034..) This letter by Popper to Jeffreys was written in the context of a debate between Jeffreys and Popper on the nature of logic, which took place in the journal Mind between 1940 and 1943. This debate starts with Popper's article "What is Dialectic?" (Popper, K. R. (1940). What Is Dialectic? In: Mind 49 (196), pp. 403–426.), in response to which Jeffreys published the note "Does a Contradiction Entail every Proposition?" (Jeffreys, H. (1942). Does a Contradiction Entail every Proposition? In: Mind 51 (201), pp. 90–91.). Popper announces his response to Jeffrey's article in the letter reproduced here; he will publish it as "Are Contradictions Embracing?" (Popper, 1943; Chapter 8 of this volume.). The letter is also interesting for Popper's remark on the probability interpretation of logical formulas, as well as for his remark on the relationship between formal logic and methodology.
Popper’s Correspondence with Heinrich Scholz
2022-01-01

Heinrich Scholz (1884–1956) was a German Protestant theologian, philosopher and logician who established the study of logic as an independent subject by founding Germany's first research institute for logic, in Munster. Since he also contributed to the historiography of logic, he was well acquainted with the work of Paul Hertz and Gerhard Gentzen. (For further information on Scholz cf. Peckhaus, V. (2018). Heinrich Scholz. In: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. by E. N. Zalta. Fall 2018. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. url: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/scholz/..) In the letter that we reproduce here, he points out what he regards as a close relationship between Popper's work and the work of Hertz.
Popper’s Correspondence with Peter Schroeder-Heister
2022-01-01

Peter Schroeder-Heister (b. 1953) is a German philosopher and logician whose research focuses on the foundations of deductive reasoning, in particular in the field he has called proof-theoretic semantics (cf. Schroeder-Heister, 2018; Piecha and Wehmeier,.Peter Schroeder-Heister on Proof- Theoretic Semantics, Springer, Outstanding Contributions to Logic. To appear, 2022). He worked at the universities of Konstanz and Tubingen, where he has held a professorship in Logic and Philosophy of Language since 1989. Shortly after his Dr. phil. at the University of Bonn in 1981, which he did under the supervision of Gisbert Hasenjaeger (cf. this volume, § 13.10) with Dag Prawitz as an external adviser, he hit upon Popper's logical writings and realized that the inferentialism advocated by Popper bears significant relationships to the idea of proof-theoretic semantics. Subsequently, in 1982, he wrote a paper on Popper's theory of deductive inference stressing in particular the issue of demarcation of logical from extra-logical signs (later published as Schroeder-Heister,.History and Philosophy of Logic 5:79–110, 1984). Sending a draft of this paper to Popper led to the correspondence reproduced here.
This Better Be Interesting: A Speaker’s Decision to Speak Cues Listeners to Expect Informative Content
2022-01-01

Abstract In anticipating upcoming content, comprehenders are known to rely on real-world knowledge. This knowledge can be deployed directly in favor of upcoming content about typical situations (implying a transparent mapping between the world and what speakers say about the world). Such knowledge can also be used to estimate the likelihood of speech, whereby atypical situations are the ones newsworthy enough to merit reporting (i.e., a nontransparent mapping in which improbable situations yield likely utterances). We report four forced-choice studies (three preregistered) testing this distinction between situation knowledge and speech production likelihood. Comprehenders are shown to anticipate situation-atypical meanings more when guessing content (a) that a speaker announces (rather than thinks), (b) that is said out of the blue (rather than produced when prompted), and (c) that is addressed to a large audience (rather than a single listener). The findings contrast with prior work that emphasizes a comprehension bias in favor of typicality, and they highlight the need for comprehension models that incorporate expectations for informativity (as one of a set of inferred speaker goals) alongside expectations for content plausibility.
KAHD: Katukinan-Arawan-Harakmbut Database (Pre-release)
2022-01-01

Katukinan, Arawan, and Harakmbut are small language families spoken in south-western Amazonia. These families have received some attention, but there are no consistently transcribed and machine-readable datasets available for them. We address this lacuna by introducing the first publicly available linguistic dataset of Arawan languages as the first part of the Katukinan-Arawan-Harakmbut Database, created with the goal of providing and regularly updating a list of lexical items in a consistent transcription and with cognacy annotation. The database is being developed to be used in quantitative and genealogical investigations.
Audience and Reception
2022-01-01

This chapter sketches a basic conceptual framework for identifying and analysing the audiences and receptions of the kind of medieval biographical collections studied in this special issue. To do so, it sets out the range of approaches taken by the contributors and situates these approaches in relation to previous scholarship on the reception and interpretation of textual sources. Particular attention is given to the dynamic relationships between those who wrote texts and those who read and utilised them, relationships which are especially pertinent for studying compilations. In the process of transmission and reception, old texts were imbued with new meanings as later readers excerpted, copied and compiled them into novel collections. It is argued that by exploring biographical collections in the light of audience and reception, it is possible to uncover some of the different ways that authors/compilers sought to articulate notions of community.
Application of the FASA Model to Technical Systems
2022-01-01

Abstract To decide which social abilities are required for a robot and which aspects do not require so much weight, the fields of application and the type and frequency of human contact should be analysed in depth (see also the explanations for the «Relations between Interacting Agents» factor). The evaluation criteria proposed by Dautenhahn (2007), each defined on a spectrum, can be used as a basis to analyse contact within a specific field of application (Dautenhahn 2007, p. 683).
The FASA model
2022-01-01

Abstract People usually have the ability to ‘read the room’ and strike the ‘right tone’ in interaction situations. In most cases, they know what is considered (in)appropriate in specific situations. Moreover, even though the understanding of what is and is not socially appropriate in a certain situation varies among interaction participants, human beings have an outstanding ability to coordinate with one another very quickly and effectively repair any ‘breaks’ in communication that may have arisen. Within the FASA model we propose five factors and corresponding criteria that may influence what will be deemed socially appropriate or inappropriate.
What is Social Appropriateness? Voices from 90 Years of Research
2022-01-01

Abstract Social appropriateness is not easy to define and can be described and analysed from a manifold of scientific perspectives. Here we give a quick kaleidocopic view of aspects of socially appropriate behaviour and about aspects of what might influence judgement thereof.
Reflections on Sociosensitive and Socioactive Technology
2022-01-01

Abstract Chapter 2 gave a list of purposes for which this book and the FASA model are suitable and another list for which they are not. Regarding the model’s applicability and validity and also in general, there are various other questions about sociosensitive and socioactive technology that must be considered, including ethical aspects. This chapter deals with the book’s aim to increase awareness of the complexity and sometimes problematic nature of developing, designing, disseminating, using, and regulating sociosensitive and socioactive systems.
Social Appropriateness Tree Structures
2022-01-01

Abstract As another way of approaching the phenomenon of social appropriateness, the factors discussed in the explanations of the FASA model , their criteria, and the observables/indicators of social appropriateness prominently associated with them can be graphically arranged into tree graphs to illustrate their relations among themselves.