julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Are gravitational waves from giant magnetar flares observable?
2012-01-18

Are giant flares in magnetars viable sources of gravitational radiation? Few\\ntheoretical studies have been concerned with this problem, with the small\\nnumber using either highly idealized models or assuming a magnetic field orders\\nof magnitude beyond what is supported by observations. We perform nonlinear\\ngeneral-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations of large-scale\\nhydromagnetic instabilities in magnetar models. We utilise these models to find\\ngravitational wave emissions over a wide range of energies, from 10^40 to 10^47\\nerg. This allows us to derive a systematic relationship between the surface\\nfield strength and the gravitational wave strain, which we find to be highly\\nnonlinear. In particular, for typical magnetar fields of a few times 10^15 G,\\nwe conclude that a direct observation of f-modes excited by global magnetic\\nfield reconfigurations is unlikely with present or near-future gravitational\\nwave observatories, though we also discuss the possibility that modes in a\\nlow-frequency band up to 100 Hz could be sufficiently excited to be relevant\\nfor observation.\\n
Linearly Polarized Gluons and the Higgs Transverse Momentum Distribution
2012-01-18

We study how gluons carrying linear polarization inside an unpolarized hadron contribute to the transverse momentum distribution of Higgs bosons produced in hadronic collisions. They modify the distribution produced by unpolarized gluons in a characteristic way that could be used to determine whether the Higgs boson is a scalar or a pseudoscalar particle.
The Cox ring of the space of complete rank two collineations
2012-01-18

Abstract We consider the space of complete rank two collineations. Starting from its description as a limit of GIT‐quotients of a Grassmanian G (2, n ) by a certain \\documentclass{article}\\usepackage{amssymb}\\begin{document}\\pagestyle{empty} \\end{document} ‐action, we determine the Cox ring by means of toric ambient modifications.
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement during the first year after coronary artery bypass grafting
2012-01-18

Objective: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is increased in patients with heart failure in proportion to the severity of left ventricular dysfunction. We investigated whether BNP could be used as a marker for the prediction of cardiac events after successful coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Prognostic value of coronary artery stenosis detection using multi-slice computed tomography for major adverse cardiac events: a 24 month follow up
2012-01-18

Objectives: In this study we tried to determine the prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for detection of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with significant and non-significant coronary artery stenoses.
Genome-wide association study reveals possible candidate genes in patients undergoing elective CABG v
2012-01-18

Objectives: Advanced coronary artery disease requiring CABG depicts a severe clinical problem. Nevertheless, the genetic background remains largely unknown. In order to identify candidate genes, we used a genome-wide approach to detect genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP's) in patients which are candidates for elective CABG and healthy controls.
Quartz sensor based approach towards online haemostasis monitoring
2012-01-18

Objective: Open heart surgery, assist devices, and other long term extracorporeal circulation therapies bear high risks of bleeding and thromboembolic complications. ACT or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) are not suitable for online monitoring, require manual work and yield just a few parameters of the haemostatic system. So, therapies for haemostatic disorders are often chosen without exact knowledge of the exact reasons. The novel technique of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) allows simultaneous measurements of several different haemostatic tests out of citrated whole blood and will give sufficient information about complex bleeding complications.
Structure-Activity Analysis of the Dermcidin-derived Peptide DCD-1L, an Anionic Antimicrobial Peptide Present in Human Sweat
2012-01-19

Dermcidin encodes the anionic amphiphilic peptide DCD-1L, which displays a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity under conditions resembling those in human sweat. Here, we have investigated its mode of antimicrobial activity. We found that DCD-1L interacts preferentially with negatively charged bacterial phospholipids with a helix axis that is aligned flat on a lipid bilayer surface. Upon interaction with lipid bilayers DCD-1L forms oligomeric complexes that are stabilized by Zn(2+). DCD-1L is able to form ion channels in the bacterial membrane, and we propose that Zn(2+)-induced self-assembly of DCD-1L upon interaction with bacterial lipid bilayers is a prerequisite for ion channel formation. These data allow us for the first time to propose a molecular model for the antimicrobial mechanism of a naturally processed human anionic peptide that is active under the harsh conditions present in human sweat.
Heart rate variability in the irritable bowel syndrome: a review of the literature
2012-01-19

Abstract Background Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often present with disturbances of bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation) and abdominal pain/discomfort that are modulated by the autonomic nerve system (ANS). In this narrative review, we analyzed studies that measured ANS functioning in IBS by means of heart rate variability (HRV). Methods The PUBMED was searched with the keywords ‘irritable bowel syndrome’ AND (‘heart rate variability’ OR ‘autonomic function’). We included only papers that used ‘traditional’ HRV indices and diagnosed IBS based on Manning or Rome criteria. Studies were sub‐grouped according to methodological features of HRV analysis (24‐h monitoring, short‐term laboratory records, records during sleep). Key Results Most studies reported no difference in HRV when the IBS population was compared to healthy controls. Dividing the IBS sample into subgroups – according to their predominant bowel symptoms, the severity of clinical course, the presence of depressive symptoms, or a history of abuse in the past – revealed changes in autonomic functioning. Conclusions &amp; Inferences Patients with IBS appear to experience symptoms that may be the result of changes in ANS functioning. HRV measures in clinical routine may allow assessing these changes, but further studies performed in a standardized fashion should improve the validity of HRV measures for clinical research first.
Three-Dimensional Structure and Defects in Colloidal Photonic Crystals Revealed by Tomographic Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy
2012-01-19

Self-assembled colloidal crystals have attracted major attention because of their potential as low-cost three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals. Although a high degree of perfection is crucial for the properties of these materials, little is known about their exact structure and internal defects. In this study, we use tomographic scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) to access the internal structure of self-assembled colloidal photonic crystals with high spatial resolution in three dimensions for the first time. The positions of individual particles of 236 nm in diameter are identified in three dimensions, and the local crystal structure is revealed. Through image analysis, structural defects, such as vacancies and stacking faults, are identified. Tomographic STXM is shown to be an attractive and complementary imaging tool for photonic materials and other strongly absorbing or scattering materials that cannot be characterized by either transmission or scanning electron microscopy or optical nanoscopy.
Prognosis of Sentinel Node Staged Patients with Primary Cutaneous Melanoma
2012-01-19

Survival rates of patients with primary CM in stages I-II were shown to be much more favorable than previously reported from non sentinel node staged collectives. For future clinical trials, sample size calculations should be adapted using survival probabilities based on sentinel node staging.
Expression of stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in primary breast cancer patients with circulating tumor cells
2012-01-20

Abstract Introduction The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in breast cancer might be associated with stem cell-like tumor cells which have been suggested to be the active source of metastatic spread in primary tumors. Furthermore, to be able to disseminate and metastasize, CTC must be able to perform epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We studied the expression of three EMT markers and the stem cell marker ALDH1 in CTC from 502 primary breast cancer patients. Data were correlated with the presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in the bone marrow (BM) and with clinicopathological data of the patients. Methods A total of 2 × 5 ml of blood was analyzed for CTC with the AdnaTest BreastCancer (AdnaGen AG) for the detection of EpCAM, MUC-1, HER2 and beta-Actin transcripts. The recovered c-DNA was additionally multiplex tested for three EMT markers [TWIST1, Akt2, phosphoinositide kinase-3 (PI3Kα)] and separately for the tumor stem cell marker ALDH1. The identification of EMT markers was considered positive if at least one marker was detected in the sample. Two BM aspirates from all patients were analyzed for DTC by immunocytochemistry using the pan-cytokeratin antibody A45-B/B3. Results Ninety-seven percent of 30 healthy donor samples investigated were negative for EMT and 95% for ALDH1 transcripts, respectively. CTC were detected in 97/502 (19%) patients. At least one of the EMT markers was expressed in 29% and ALDH1 was present in 14% of the samples, respectively. Interestingly, 5% of the ALDH1-positive and 18% of the EMT-positive patients were CTC-negative based on the cut-off level determined for CTC-positivity applying the AdnaTest BreastCancer . DTC in the BM were detected in 107/502 (21%) patients and no correlation was found between BM status and CTC positivity ( P = 0.41). The presence of CTC, EMT and ALDH1 expression was not correlated to any of the prognostic clinical markers. Conclusions Our data indicate that (1) a subset of primary breast cancer patients shows EMT and stem cell characteristics and (2) the currently used detection methods for CTC are not efficient to identify a subtype of CTC which underwent EMT. (3) The clinical relevance on prognosis and therapy response has to be further evaluated in a prospective trial.
A multiwavelength view of the flaring state of PKS 2155-304 in 2006
2012-01-20

Context. Multiwavelength (MWL) observations of the blazar PKS 2155-304 during two weeks in July and August 2006, the period when two exceptional flares at very high energies (VHE, E ≈ 100 GeV) occurred, provide a detailed picture of the evolution of its emission. The complete data set from this campaign is presented, including observations in VHE γ-rays (H.E.S.S.), X-rays (RXTE, Chandra, Swift XRT), optical (Swift UVOT, Bronberg, Watcher, ROTSE), and in the radio band (NRT, HartRAO, ATCA). Optical and radio light curves from 2004 to 2008 are compared to the available VHE data from this period, to put the 2006 campaign into the context of the long-term evolution of the source. Aims. The data set offers a close view of the evolution of the source on different time scales and yields new insights into the properties of the emission process. The predictions of synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenarios are compared to the MWL data, with the aim of describing the dominant features in the data down to the hour time scale. Methods. The spectral variability in the X-ray and VHE bands is explored and correlations between the integral fluxes at different wavelengths are evaluated. SSC modelling is used to interpret the general trends of the varying spectral energy distribution. Results. The X-ray and VHE γ-ray emission are correlated during the observed high state of the source, but show no direct connection with longer wavelengths. The long-term flux evolution in the optical and radio bands is found to be correlated and shows that the source reaches a high state at long wavelengths after the occurrence of the VHE flares. Spectral hardening is seen in the Swift XRT data. Conclusions. The nightly averaged high-energy spectra of the non-flaring nights can be reproduced by a stationary one-zone SSC model, with only small variations in the parameters. The spectral and flux evolution in the high-energy band during the night of the second VHE flare is modelled with multi-zone SSC models, which can provide relatively simple interpretations for the hour time-scale evolution of the high-energy emission, even for such a complex data set. For the first time in this type of source, a clear indication is found for a relation between high activity at high energies and a long-term increase in the low frequency fluxes. © 2012 ESO.
Impact of bias in crown–rump length measurement at first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21
2012-01-20

Abstract Objective To assess the repeatability of crown–rump length (CRL) measurement and examine the effect of its over‐ and underestimation on first‐trimester combined screening. Methods Intra‐ and interoperator repeatability of CRL measurement at 11–13 weeks of gestation was assessed in 124 cases by two operators. Raw data were transformed into gestational age and intra‐ and interoperator repeatability was evaluated by within‐operator standard deviation (SD) and the SD of differences in measurements between both operators. Modeling techniques were used to assess the impact of CRL measurement error on general population screening and on the operator‐specific screening performance. The impact of errors in CRL measurement were investigated by simulating fetal nuchal translucency (NT) measurements and multiple of the median (MoM) values for pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) and free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) for 500 000 euploid and 500 000 trisomy 21 pregnancies at 12 weeks and 9 weeks of gestation, and adding to or subtracting from each CRL value up to 10 mm and recalculating patient‐specific risks. Results Within‐operator SD of the CRL measurement was 1.27 days of gestation. The SD of the differences in CRL measurement between operators was 1.37 days of gestation. Both intra‐ and interoperator 95% limits of agreement were around ± 5 mm. In general population‐based screening, a CRL measurement error SD of 5 mm accounts for an estimated 5% of the SD of log MoM PAPP‐A and less than 1% of the SD of log MoM free β‐hCG. Modeling the effect of removing this measurement error on overall screening performance showed a minimal impact. For a risk cut‐off of 1 in 100, the benefit in terms of overall screening performance would be an increase in detection rate of about 1% and a reduction in false‐positive rate of less than 0.1%. With regard to the operator‐specific screening performance, a consistent 5‐mm underestimation of CRL reduces the detection rate from 84% to 79% and the false‐positive rate from 2.4% to 1.2%. With a consistent 5‐mm overestimation the rates would be 88% and 5.6%, respectively. Conclusion The impact of the interoperator variability in CRL measurement on patient‐specific risk needs to be taken into account when interpreting first‐trimester screening results. A systematic under‐ or overestimation of CRL should be avoided. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Swift/X-ray Telescope monitoring of the candidate supergiant fast X-ray transient IGR J16418-4532
2012-01-21

We report on the Swift monitoring of the candidate supergiant fast X-ray transient (SFXT) IGR J16418−4532, for which both orbital and spin periods are known (∼3.7 d and ∼1250 s, respectively). Our observations, for a total of ∼43 ks, span over three orbital periods and represent the most intense and complete sampling of the light curve of this source with a sensitive X-ray instrument. With this unique set of observations, we can address the nature of this transient. By applying the clumpy wind model for blue supergiants to the observed X-ray light curve, and assuming a circular orbit, the X-ray emission from this source can be explained in terms of the accretion from a spherically symmetric clumpy wind, composed of clumps with different masses, ranging from ∼5 × 10[superscript: 16] to 10[superscript: 21] g. Our data suggest, based on the X-ray behaviour, that this is an intermediate SFXT.
Analytical model for tracer dispersion in porous media
2012-01-23

In this work, we present a novel analytical model for tracer dispersion in laminar flow through porous media. Based on a straightforward physical argument, it describes the generic behavior of dispersion over a wide range of Péclet numbers (exceeding eight orders of magnitude). In particular, the model accurately captures the intermediate scaling behavior of longitudinal dispersion, obviating the need to subdivide the dispersional behavior into a number of disjunct regimes or using empirical power-law expressions. The analysis also suggests the possible existence of a new material property, the critical Péclet number, reflecting the mesoscale geometric properties of the microscopic pore structure.
Military Training and Personality Trait Development
2012-01-24

Military experience is an important turning point in a person’s life and, consequently, is associated with important life outcomes. Using a large longitudinal sample of German males, we examined whether personality traits played a role during this period. Results indicated that personality traits prospectively predicted the decision to enter the military. People lower in agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience during high school were more likely to enter the military after graduation. In addition, military training was associated with changes in personality. Compared with a control group, military recruits had lower levels of agreeableness after training. These levels persisted 5 years after training, even after participants entered college or the labor market. This study is one of the first to identify life experiences associated with changes in personality traits. Moreover, our results suggest that military experiences may have a long-lasting influence on individual-level characteristics.
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) regulates postischemic blood flow during acute kidney injury in mice
2012-01-24

A complex biologic network regulates kidney perfusion under physiologic conditions. This system is profoundly perturbed following renal ischemia, a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) - a life-threatening condition that frequently complicates the care of hospitalized patients. Therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat AKI are extremely limited. Better understanding of the molecular pathways promoting postischemic reflow could provide new candidate targets for AKI therapeutics. Due to its role in adapting tissues to hypoxia, we hypothesized that extracellular adenosine has a regulatory function in the postischemic control of renal perfusion. Consistent with the notion that equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) terminate adenosine signaling, we observed that pharmacologic ENT inhibition in mice elevated renal adenosine levels and dampened AKI. Deletion of the ENTs resulted in selective protection in Ent1-/- mice. Comprehensive examination of adenosine receptor-knockout mice exposed to AKI demonstrated that renal protection by ENT inhibitors involves the A2B adenosine receptor. Indeed, crosstalk between renal Ent1 and Adora2b expressed on vascular endothelia effectively prevented a postischemic no-reflow phenomenon. These studies identify ENT1 and adenosine receptors as key to the process of reestablishing renal perfusion following ischemic AKI. If translatable from mice to humans, these data have important therapeutic implications.
Quantitative Analysis of the Growth Kinetics of Chemically Induced Mouse Liver Tumors by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
2012-01-24

Noninvasive methods for the early detection of tumor onset and progression in rodent liver would be of high value for pharmaceutical and chemical industry and would, at the same time, foster one of the 3 Rs (replacement, reduction, refinement) by reducing the number of animals in the bioassay. We have induced liver tumors in mice by single injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) either in 2-week- (experiment 1) or 6-week-old (experiment 2) male C3H mice. In the latter, mice were also chronically treated with 0.05% phenobarbital in diet according to an initiation/promotion protocol. Starting at 16 weeks after DEN injection (18 weeks after DEN in experiment 2), mice were routinely scanned by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a T2-weighted 3D sequence in regular intervals. Liver tumors became detectable in both experiments when they exceeded a diameter of ∼1 mm. Exponential increases in total tumor volume per liver were observed in both experiments. The onset of tumor development was similar with respect to DEN treatment. Although mice in experiment 1 had developed a mean total tumor volume of ∼100 mm3 approximately 24 weeks after DEN, it took ∼4 weeks longer to reach this tumor mass in experiment 2. Determination of time-dependent growth of individual tumors demonstrated strong tumor heterogeneity. In vivo MRI data were further correlated with tumor histology. The phenotype of tumors differed strongly between the two experiments, but our results demonstrate that tumors can be reliably detected by MRI when they exceed a certain size independent of their phenotype.
Evaluation of Thermal Damage in a Pig Model
2012-01-24

Ex vivo TL results are comparable with in vivo results. This might prospectively spare in vivo studies with respect to TL and might facilitate the design of future experiments for the development of bipolar electrocoagulation devices.
Inferential NMR/X‐ray‐Based Structure Determination of a Dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenone Inhibitor–p38α MAP Kinase Complex in Solution
2012-01-24

Complex problem: The crystal structure of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase in complex with a dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenone inhibitor was found to be incompatible with NMR data of the same complex in solution. By using inferential structure determination (ISD) with restraints from X-ray crystallography and NMR spectra, a structure that is compatible with both data sets and very close to the X-ray crystal structure was generated (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Inferential NMR/X‐ray‐Based Structure Determination of a Dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenone Inhibitor–p38α MAP Kinase Complex in Solution
2012-01-24

Komplex(e) Probleme: Die Kristallstruktur der Mitogen-aktivierten Proteinkinase p38α im Komplex mit einem Dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenon-Inhibitor erwies sich als unvereinbar mit NMR-spektroskopischen Daten für denselben Komplex in Lösung. Durch inferenzielle Strukturaufklärung (ISD) unter Verwendung von Randbedingungen aus Röntgenkristallographie und NMR-Spektren wurde eine Struktur ermittelt, die mit beiden Datensätzen kompatibel und der Röntgenkristallstruktur sehr ähnlich ist (siehe Bild). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.