julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Whole‐body MR angiography using a novel 32‐receiving‐channel MR system with surface coil technology: First clinical experience
2005-04-15

Abstract Purpose To demonstrate the feasibility of detecting atherosclerotic vascular disease using an innovative magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) protocol in combination with a dedicated whole‐body MR scanner with new surface coil technology. Materials and Methods A total of 10 volunteers and eight patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) were examined at 1.5 T. Conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the symptomatic region was available as a reference standard in all eight patients. Depending on subjects' size, four to five three‐dimensional data sets were acquired using an adapted injection protocol. Images were assessed independently by two readers for vascular pathology. Additionally, signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) and contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) were measured. Results Whole‐body MRA yielded excellent sensitivity and specificity of more than 95% for both readers with high interobserver agreement (k = 0.93). Surface coil signal reception rendered a high SNR (mean 151.28 ± 54.04) and CNR (mean 120.75 ± 46.47). Despite lower SNR and CNR of the cranial and cervical vessels, a two‐step injection protocol exhibited less venous superposition and therefore proved to be superior compared to single‐bolus injection. Conclusion Our approach provides accurate noninvasive high‐resolution imaging of systemic atherosclerotic disease, covering the arterial vasculature from intracranial arteries to distal runoff vessels. The recently introduced MR scanner and coil technology is feasible to significantly increase the performance of whole‐body MRA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:596–603. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantiomeric separation by capillary electrochromatography using monolithic capillaries with sol‐gel‐glued cyclodextrin‐modified silica particles
2005-04-15

Abstract By an on‐column sol‐gel process, a chiral monolithic stationary phase was prepared by the fusion of permethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin‐silica (Chira‐Dex‐silica) particles and by linking them to the internal capillary wall. The resulting monolith is stable toward voltage (30 kV) and pressure (300 bar) and possesses a high efficiency (up to 100 000 theoretical plates per meter). Efficient enantiomeric separation of various chiral compounds by pressure‐supported capillary electrochromatography (CEC) was achieved. When comparing this method to capillary liquid chromatography (LC) employing the same column in an unified equipment, CEC shows a twofold higher column efficiency at comparable elution times and hence better resolution factors.
CD4+ T Cell Responses to SSX-4 in Melanoma Patients
2005-04-15

Abstract Genes of the synovial sarcoma X breakpoint (SSX) family are expressed in different human tumors, including melanomas, but not in adult somatic tissues. Because of their specific expression at the tumor site, SSX-encoded Ags are potential targets for anticancer immunotherapy. In this study, we have analyzed CD4+ T cell responses directed against the Ag encoded by SSX-4. Upon in vitro stimulation of PBMC from four melanoma patients bearing Ag-expressing tumors with a pool of long peptides spanning the protein sequence, we detected and isolated SSX-4-specific CD4+ T cells recognizing several distinct antigenic sequences, mostly restricted by frequently expressed HLA class II alleles. The majority of the identified sequences were located within the Krüppel-associated box domain in the N-terminal region of the protein, indicating a high potential immunogenicity of this region. Together our data document the existence of CD4+ T cells specific for multiple SSX-4 derived sequences in circulating lymphocytes from melanoma patients and encourage further studies to assess the impact of SSX-4-specific T cell responses on disease evolution in cancer patients.
Making Profits in Wartime: Corporate Profits, Inequality, and GDP in Germany During the First World War
2005-04-17

Making profits in wartime: corporate profits, inequality, and GDP in Germany during the First World War. This article reconsiders, and rejects, Kocka's (1973) hypothesis that a strong income redistribution from workers to capital owners occurred in Germany during the First World War. A small number of firms profited from the war, but the majority experienced a decline in real income, similar to the decline in workers' real wages. This finding also has important implications for the political history of the Weimar Republic. The authors also use their figures to improve German GDP estimates for the war period, since their sample makes it possible to estimate private service sector development. Economic indicators were worse for the war year of 1917 than previously believed.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of KLa[C(CN)3]4·H2O containing a Shielded Potassium Ion
2005-04-18

Abstract KLa[C(CN) 3 ] 4 ·H 2 O was crystallized from an aqueous solution containing La(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O and K[C(CN) 3 ]. The crystal structure was solved and refined from X‐ray single crystal data (P4/n, Z = 2, a = b = 12.379(1) Å, c = 6.5695(8) Å, V = 1006.7(2) Å 3 ). Solid KLa[C(CN) 3 ] 4 ·H 2 O forms a framework structure with bridging tricyanomethanide ions, each of them connecting two La 3+ ions and one K + ion. Potassium is apparently situated in a tetrahedral environment with four K–N distances of 2.741(3) Å, shielded by four other tricyanomethanide ions. Each La 3+ has a square antiprismatic coordination of nitrogen atoms from eight [C(CN) 3 ] – ions, and this antiprism is mono‐capped by one water molecule.
Synthese und Kristallstruktur von heteronuklearen Metallkomplexen mit Nitridobrücken Re≡N‐Ni, Re≡N‐Pt, Os≡N‐Rh und Os≡N‐Ir
2005-04-18

Abstract Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Heteronuclear Metal Complexes with Nitrido Bridges Re≡N‐Ni, Re≡N‐Pt, Os≡N‐Rh, and Os≡N‐Ir The heteronuclear complex [(Me 2 PhP) 3 Br 2 Re≡N‐NiBr 2 (OPMe 2 Ph)] ( 1 ) is obtained by the reaction of [ReNBr 2 (PMe 2 Ph) 3 ] with NiBr 2 in tetrahydrofuran in form of dark green, air sensitive crystals crystallizing in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /n with a = 961.44(9), b = 3692.6(4), c = 1177.8(2) pm, β = 103.42(1)°, and Z = 4. In the dinuclear complex the complex fragment [NiBr 2 (OPMe 2 Ph)] is connected by an asymmetric nitrido bridge Re≡N‐Ni with the nitrido complex [ReNBr 2 (PMe 2 Ph) 3 ], such that the Ni atom achieves a tetrahedral coordination. The nitrido bridge is characterized by a bond angle Re‐N‐Ni of 172.7(7)° and distances Re‐N = 169(1) and Ni‐N = 195.0(9) pm. The reaction of [ReNCl 2 (PMe 2 Ph) 3 ] with PtCl 4 in THF proceeds under reduction of Pt IV to yield air stable, brown crystals of [{(Me 2 PhP) 3 Cl 2 Re≡N} 2 PtCl 2 ] ( 2 ) with the monoclinic space group P2 1 /c and a = 1241.3(1), b = 1734.0(1), c = 1369.7(1) pm, β = 101.32(1)°, and Z = 2. The divalent Pt atom exhibits a square planar coordination with the two rhenium(V) nitrido complexes coordinated by nitrido bridges Re≡N‐Pt in trans position. The distances in the virtually linear nitrido bridge (Re‐N‐Pt = 174.0(3)°) are Re‐N = 170.6(5) pm and Pt‐N = 196.4(5) pm. The nitrido complex [OsNCl 3 (AsPh 3 ) 2 ] reacts with [Rh(μ‐Cl)(COD)] 2 in CH 2 Cl 2 to yield [(Ph 3 As) 2 Cl 3 Os≡N‐RhCl(COD)] ( 3 ). The heterometallic complex forms olive green, largely air stable crystals with the monoclinic space group Cc and a = 2316.8(5), b = 1169.3(1), c = 1601.4(2) pm, β = 106.12(1)°, and Z = 4. Rh(I) exhibits a square‐planar coordination with the two π bonds of the COD ligand coordinating in cis position. The osmium nitrido complex is coordinated by a linear nitrido bridge Os≡N‐Rh (Os‐N‐Rh = 176.1(7)°) with distances Os‐N = 168(1) pm and Rh‐N = 186(1) pm. The complex [(Ph 3 As) 2 Cl 3 Os≡N‐IrCl(COD)] ( 4 ) is obtained by the reaction of [Ir(μ‐Cl)(COD)] 2 with [OsNCl 3 (AsPh 3 ) 2 ] in CH 2 Cl 2 . 4 crystallizes isotypic to 3 in form of olive brown blocks with the space group Cc and a = 2322.1(2), b = 1167.01(6), c = 1603.8(2) pm, β = 105.927(9)°, and Z = 4. The nitrido bridge Os≡N‐Ir is characterized by the bond angle Os‐N‐Ir = 176.2(8)° and distances Os‐N = 171.2(8) pm and Ir‐N = 181.5(8) pm.
Ouabain-Like Compound Changes Rapidly on Physical Exercise in Humans and Dogs
2005-04-19

Ouabain, an inhibitor of the sodium pump, has been identified as a constituent of bovine adrenal glands. We were interested whether the release of this cardiotonic steroid is stimulated by physical exercise. Hence, athletes and healthy dogs were subjected to ergometry. Ouabain-like compound (OLC) was measured in venous blood by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as by 86 Rb + uptake inhibition (as ouabain equivalents). OLC increased in venous blood of athletes after 15 minutes of ergometry from 2.5±0.5 to 86.0±27.2 nmol/L (n=51; P &lt;0.001), as did the concentration of a circulating inhibitor of the sodium pump from 7.3±1.7 to 129.8±51 nmol/L (ouabain equivalents, P &lt;0.05). Half-maximal increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure occurred at 5.1±1.2 nmol/L and at 30±1 nmol/L OLC, respectively. On rest, OLC decreased in humans and dogs with a half-life of 3 to 5 minutes. In beagles exposed to moderate exercise on a treadmill for 13 minutes, levels of OLC increased 46-fold (from 3.7±0.8 to 166.9±91.8 nmol/L; n=6; P &lt;0.005). This effect was suppressed when the dogs had been treated for 3 weeks with the β 1 -adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol or the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril. We conclude that OLC changes rapidly during exercise and is under the control of norepinephrine and angiotensin II.
The classiﬁcation of ﬂag-transitive Steiner 3-designs
2005-04-20

Abstract We solve the long-standing open problem of classifying all 3-( v , k , 1) designs with a flag-transitive group of automorphisms (cf. [11], p. 147, and [12], p. 273, but presumably dating back to 1965). Our result relies on the classification of the finite 2-transitive permutation groups.
Ellipsoidal head model for fetal magnetoencephalography: forward and inverse solutions
2005-04-20

Fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG) is a non-invasive technique where measurements of the magnetic field outside the maternal abdomen are used to infer the source location and signals of the fetus' neural activity. There are a number of aspects related to fMEG modelling that must be addressed, such as the conductor volume, fetal position and orientation, gestation period, etc. We propose a solution to the forward problem of fMEG based on an ellipsoidal head geometry. This model has the advantage of highlighting special characteristics of the field that are inherent to the anisotropy of the human head, such as the spread and orientation of the field in relationship with the localization and position of the fetal head. Our forward solution is presented in the form of a kernel matrix that facilitates the solution of the inverse problem through decoupling of the dipole localization parameters from the source signals. Then, we use this model and the maximum likelihood technique to solve the inverse problem assuming the availability of measurements from multiple trials. The applicability and performance of our methods are illustrated through numerical examples based on a real 151-channel SQUID fMEG measurement system (SARA). SARA is an MEG system especially designed for fetal assessment and is currently used for heart and brain studies. Finally, since our model requires knowledge of the best-fitting ellipsoid's centre location and semiaxes lengths, we propose a method for estimating these parameters through a least-squares fit on anatomical information obtained from three-dimensional ultrasound images.
The geometry of isoparametric hypersurfaces with four distinct principal curvatures in spheres
2005-04-20

Abstract In this paper, we address three problems in the theory of incidence structures associated with isoparametric hypersurfaces with four distinct principal curvatures in spheres. In [4], we showed that these isoparametric hypersurfaces and their focal manifolds yield Tits buildings of type C 2 . Here, we first give a short proof for the description of point rows and line pencils in these incidence structures. Furthermore, we provide criteria which characterize intersecting lines (or points which can be joined by a line, respectively) and obtain a simple description of the intersection point (the joining line, respectively). Finally, we describe for each antiflag ( p , L ) the position of the uniquely determined flag ( q , K ) such that ( p , K , q , L ) is a 3-chain. In this paper, we make extensive use of the theory of isoparametric triple systems as developed in [1].
Candida albicans-Secreted Aspartic Proteinases Modify the Epithelial Cytokine Response in an In Vitro Model of Vaginal Candidiasis
2005-04-21

ABSTRACT Secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps) are important virulence factors of Candida albicans during mucosal and disseminated infections and may also contribute to the induction of an inflammatory host immune response. We used a model of vaginal candidiasis based on reconstituted human vaginal epithelium (RHVE) to study the epithelial cytokine response induced by C. albicans . In order to study the impact of the overall proteolytic activity and of distinct Sap isoenzymes, we studied the effect of the proteinase inhibitor pepstatin A on the immune response and compared the cytokine expression pattern induced by the wild-type strain SC5314 with the pattern induced by Sap-deficient mutants. Infection of RHVE with the C. albicans wild-type strain induced strong interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha responses in comparison with cytokine expression in noninfected tissue. Addition of the aspartyl proteinase inhibitor pepstatin A strongly reduced the cytokine response of RHVE. Furthermore, SAP -null mutants lacking either SAP1 or SAP2 caused reduced tissue damage and had a significantly reduced potential to stimulate cytokine expression. In contrast, the vaginopathic and cytokine-inducing potential of mutants lacking SAP4 to SAP6 was similar to that of the wild-type strain. These data show that the potential of specific Saps to cause tissue damage correlates with an epithelium-induced proinflammatory cytokine response, which may be crucial in controlling and managing C. albicans infections at the vaginal mucosa in vivo.
MALDI-TOF MS analysis of urinary nucleosides
2005-04-21

As RNA turnover seems to be impaired in cancer patients, modified nucleosides have been evaluated as potential tumor markers. Modified nucleosides are mainly formed post-transcriptionally in tRNA, set free during RNA metabolism, and excreted in urine. Especially methylated nucleosides play an important role, as their levels are higher in urine from cancer patients. For structural elucidation of known and unknown nucleosides from urine samples of cancer patients, MALDI-TOF MS and MALDI-PSD were used for the first time. This technique generally ensures high sensitivity, mass resolution, and accuracy. In our analytical approach we prepurified nucleosides from urine by affinity chromatography and subsequently separated them by semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography. The different fractions were collected separately and analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS and PSD-MALDI using a mixture of six low molecular weight calibrants for internal or external calibration. The molecular totals formulas based on a mass accuracy of 10 ppm and below were calculated and a systematic data base search was performed. The inherent problem of the MALDI-technique, the reduced sensitivity for low molecular weight substances caused by matrix suppression effects, was reduced by our technique. We identified several nucleosides in urine, which were previously identified via retention times and UV spectra of standards after HPLC analysis. Eight further nucleosides were observed. This work demonstrates for the first time the potential of MALDI-TOF and PSD-MALDI in combination with semipreparative HPLC for assignment of nucleosides in urine. The particularly high mass accuracy of this mass spectrometric method provides opportunities for identifying unknown compounds.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) has potent anti‐glioma properties in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo
2005-04-22

Abstract Current treatment modalities for malignant gliomas do not allow long‐term survival. Here, we identify suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDAC), as an effective experimental anti‐glioma agent. Administration of SAHA to various glioma cell lines obtained from human, rat and mouse inhibited tumour cell growth in a range of 1–10 μ m . This anti‐glioma property is associated with up‐regulation of the cell cycle control protein p21/WAF, as well as the induction of apoptosis. A novel tumour invasion model using slice cultures of rat brain corroborated the anti‐glioma properties of SAHA in the organotypic brain environment. In this model, glioma invasion compromised adjacent brain parenchyma, and this tumour‐associated cytotoxicity could be inhibited by SAHA. In addition, a 10‐fold dose escalation experiment did not challenge the viability of cultured brain slices. In vivo , a single intratumoural injection of SAHA 7 days after orthotopic implantation of glioma cells in syngeneic rats doubled their survival time. These observations identify chromatin‐modifying enzymes as possible and promising targets for the pharmacotherapy of malignant gliomas.
The Therapeutic Value of Adrenalectomy in Case of Solitary Metastatic Spread Originating from Primary Renal Cell Cancer
2005-04-22

For patients with a solitary intraadrenal metastatic lesion, adrenalectomy is a potentially curative treatment option. The observation that the long - term survival of the latter patients is comparable to that of patients with organ - confined disease might suggest the establishment of a separate TNM - category for patients revealing a solitary metastasis within the adrenal gland and no hint at further systemic metastatic spread.
Structural and Mutational Analysis of Trypanosoma brucei Prostaglandin H2 Reductase Provides Insight into the Catalytic Mechanism of Aldo-ketoreductases
2005-04-22

Trypanosoma brucei prostaglandin F2alpha synthase is an aldo-ketoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin H2 to PGF2alpha in addition to that of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone. We report the crystal structure of TbPGFS.NADP+.citrate at 2.1 angstroms resolution. TbPGFS adopts a parallel (alpha/beta)8-barrel fold lacking the protrudent loops and possesses a hydrophobic core active site that contains a catalytic tetrad of tyrosine, lysine, histidine, and aspartate, which is highly conserved among AKRs. Site-directed mutagenesis of the catalytic tetrad residues revealed that a dyad of Lys77 and His110, and a triad of Tyr52, Lys77, and His110 are essential for the reduction of PGH2 and 9,10-PQ, respectively. Structural and kinetic analysis revealed that His110, acts as the general acid catalyst for PGH2 reduction and that Lys77 facilitates His110 protonation through a water molecule, while exerting an electrostatic repulsion against His110 that maintains the spatial arrangement which allows the formation of a hydrogen bond between His110 and C11 that carbonyl of PGH2. We also show Tyr52 acts as the general acid catalyst for 9,10-PQ reduction, and thus we not only elucidate the catalytic mechanism of a PGH2 reductase but also provide an insight into the catalytic specificity of AKRs.
The Physiological Basis for Visual Motion Perception and Visually Guided Eye Movements
2005-04-22

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Processing of visual motion in the primate brain Action which depends on motion processing: smooth pursuit eye movements Comparing motion processing underlying perception and smooth pursuit eye movements Initiation of smooth pursuit eye movements Cancelation of self-induced retinal image motion during execution of SPEM Smooth pursuit eye movements and motor learning Pursuit-related activity and its frame of reference Contributions of area MST to motion perception Motion processing for actions other than eye movements Conclusions References
Complications of Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous Ethanol Injection Therapy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
2005-04-25

PEIT for focal and diffuse autonomy, for cystic lesions of the thyroid, for thyroid hyperplasia and PEA for parathyroid hyperplasia are methods which are inexpensive and can be performed on an ambulatory base. These are the methods of choice if surgical intervention or radioiodine therapies are not practicable out of medical reasons or by refusal of the patient. The patient must be informed about possible severe complications. The examiner should have substantial experience in these methods. If complications an early opinion of a specialist is required.
Critical Role of Inferior Vena Caval Filter Placement After Pulmonary Embolectomy
2005-04-25

Surgical pulmonary embolectomy is a definitive treatment for patients with severe pulmonary embolism (PE). Postoperative placement of an inferior vena caval filter (IVCF) may prevent recurrent PE. We present a patient who underwent pulmonary embolectomy in whom postoperative placement of an IVCF was postponed due to hemodynamic instability and severe hemorrhage. Recurrent PE was recognized 12 hours after the initial surgery, and required reoperative pulmonary embolectomy. This report documents that recurrent PE can occur early after pulmonary embolectomy even in the presence of coagulopathy. Therefore, concurrent IVCF placement should be considered during or immediately after pulmonary embolectomy to prevent recurrent pulmonary embolism.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Apicularen A Analogues
2005-04-25

Abstract Reactions between amide anions and propanal derivatives containing benzolactone components at their 3‐positions produced hemiaminals, which were dehydrated via the corresponding acetates to provide the apicularen A analogues 21 , 29 , 34 , 38 , and 41 . Of these, 21 and 29 contain the intact enamide side chain of apicularen A but have modifications in the macrolactone core. On the other hand, compounds 34 , 38 , and 41 are characterized by the natural core structure but are modified in the enamide part. Biological studies showed that 21 and 29 are quite active but that the other three analogues show only minor activities. The 11‐deoxy analogue 21 turned out to be the most active compound against a mdr cell line. It can be concluded that the macrolactone part of apicularen A will tolerate modifications to some degree, whereas the enamide part is rather sensitive towards structural modifications. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Positivity and stability of delay equations with nonautonomous past
2005-04-26

Abstract In our paper we discuss the asymptotic behaviour of a linear delay equation with nonautonomous past. Using positivity and compactness assumptions we obtain a quite complete characterization of the asymptotic behaviour. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)