julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Towards Cross-Subject Workload Prediction
2020-04-07

Developing an electroencephalogram (EEG) based workload (WL) prediction could be utilized in learning environments to adapt instructional material to the students individual WL and thereby support the learning process successfully. In an adaptive learning environment it is not feasible to use data from the same subject and the same task for classifier training and testing. Therefore, the present study examined cross-subject WL prediction, in which one subject’s individual WL is predicted based on data from other subjects. EEG-data was recorded from 10 subjects who had to solve math problems with increasing level of difficulty. By applying linear regression withinand cross-subject a precise WL prediction could be reached. For the within-subject WL prediction an average correlation coefficient (CC) of CC = 0.88 was achieved. However the cross-subject WL prediction leads to CC = 0.84 on average. Since both prediction methods achieved good WL prediction results the cross-subject method is a feasible approach that can be used in an online adaptive system.
Proceedings of the 6th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference 2014
2020-04-07

!c 2014Verlag der Technischen Universit ̈at Graz.&#13;\\nProviding individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) tools to communicate and interact with the environment independently and reliably since childhood would allow for a more active participation in education and social life. We outline first steps towards the development of such a hybrid brain-computer interface-based (BCI) communication tool.
Scotha cennderca cen on : A Festschrift for Séamus Mac Mathúna
2020-04-07

This volume comprises a celebratory collection of articles presented to Seamus Mac Mathuna on the occasion of his 75th birthday and launched at the 17th International Symposium of Societas Celtolog ...
Modeling Morphological Priming in German With Naive Discriminative Learning
2020-04-08

Both localist and connectionist models, based on experimental results obtained for English and French, assume that the degree of semantic compositionality of a morphologically complex word is reflected in how it is processed. Since priming experiments using English and French morphologically related prime-target pairs reveal stronger priming when complex words are semantically transparent (e.g., refill–fill) compared to semantically more opaque pairs (e.g., restrain–strain), localist models set up connections between complex words and their stems only for semantically transparent pairs. Connectionist models have argued that the effect of transparency should arise as an epiphenomenon in PDP networks. However, for German, a series of studies has revealed equivalent priming for both transparent and opaque prime-target pairs, which suggests mediation of lexical access by the stem, independent of degrees of semantic compositionality. This study reports a priming experiment that replicates equivalent priming for transparent and opaque pairs. We show that these behavioral results can be straightforwardly modeled by a computational implementation of Word and Paradigm Morphology (WPM), Naive Discriminative Learning (NDL). Just as WPM, NDL eschews the theoretical construct of the morpheme. NDL succeeds in modeling the German priming data by inspecting the extent to which a discrimination network pre-activates the target lexome from the orthographic properties of the prime. Measures derived from an NDL network, complemented with a semantic similarity measure derived from distributional semantics, predict lexical decision latencies with somewhat improved precision compared to classical measures, such as word frequency, prime type, and human association ratings. We discuss both the methodological implications of our results, as well as their implications for models of the mental lexicon.
Oscillatory brain activity and maintenance of verbal and visual working memory: a systematic review
2020-04-08

Brain oscillations likely play a significant role in the storage of information in working memory (WM). Despite the wide popularity of the topic, current attempts to summarize the research in the field are narrative reviews. We address this gap by providing a descriptive systematic review, in which we investigated oscillatory correlates of maintenance of verbal and visual information in WM. The systematic approach enabled us to challenge some common views popularized by previous research. The identified literature (100 EEG/MEG studies) highlighted the importance of theta oscillations in verbal WM: frontal midline theta enhanced with load in most verbal studies, while more equivocal results have been obtained in visual studies. Increasing WM load affected alpha activity in most studies, but the direction of the effect was inconsistent: the ratio of studies that found alpha increase versus decrease with increasing load, was 80/20% in the verbal WM domain and close to 60/40% in the visual domain. Alpha asymmetry (left &amp;lt; right) was a common finding in both verbal and visual WM studies. Beta and gamma activity studies yielded the least convincing data: a diversity in spatial and frequency distribution of beta activity prevented us from making a coherent conclusion; gamma rhythm was virtually neglected in verbal WM studies with no systematic support for sustained gamma changes during the delay in EEG studies in general.
A Free‐Radical Prompted Barrierless Gas‐Phase Synthesis of Pentacene
2020-04-08

Abstract A representative, low‐temperature gas‐phase reaction mechanism synthesizing polyacenes via ring annulation exemplified by the formation of pentacene (C 22 H 14 ) along with its benzo[ a ]tetracene isomer (C 22 H 14 ) is unraveled by probing the elementary reaction of the 2‐tetracenyl radical (C 18 H 11 . ) with vinylacetylene (C 4 H 4 ). The pathway to pentacene—a prototype polyacene and a fundamental molecular building block in graphenes, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes—is facilitated by a barrierless, vinylacetylene mediated gas‐phase process thus disputing conventional hypotheses that synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) solely proceeds at elevated temperatures. This low‐temperature pathway can launch isomer‐selective routes to aromatic structures through submerged reaction barriers, resonantly stabilized free‐radical intermediates, and methodical ring annulation in deep space eventually changing our perception about the chemistry of carbon in our universe.
Multiexon deletion alleles of ATF6 linked to achromatopsia
2020-04-08

Achromatopsia (ACHM) is an autosomal recessive disease that results in severe visual loss. Symptoms of ACHM include impaired visual acuity, nystagmus, and photoaversion starting from infancy; furthermore, ACHM is associated with bilateral foveal hypoplasia and absent or severely reduced cone photoreceptor function on electroretinography. Here, we performed genetic sequencing in 3 patients from 2 families with ACHM, identifying and functionally characterizing 2 mutations in the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) gene. We identified a homozygous deletion covering exons 8-14 of the ATF6 gene from 2 siblings from the same family. In another patient from a different family, we identified a heterozygous deletion covering exons 2 and 3 of the ATF6 gene found in trans with a previously identified ATF6 c.970C&amp;gt;T (p.Arg324Cys) ACHM disease allele. Recombinant ATF6 proteins bearing these exon deletions showed markedly impaired transcriptional activity by qPCR and RNA-Seq analysis compared with WT-ATF6. Finally, RNAscope revealed that ATF6 and the related ATF6B transcripts were expressed in cones as well as in all retinal layers in normal human retina. Overall, our data identify loss-of-function ATF6 disease alleles that cause human foveal disease.
The unusual behavior of the young X-ray pulsar SXP 1062 during the 2019 outburst
2020-04-08

We present the results of the first dedicated observation of the young X-ray pulsar SXP 1062 in the broad X-ray energy band obtained during its 2019 outburst with the NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observatories. The analysis of the pulse-phase averaged and phase-resolved spectra in the energy band from 0.5 to 70 keV did not reveal any evidence for the presence of a cyclotron line. The spin period of the pulsar was found to have decreased to 979.48 ± 0.06 s implying a ∼10% reduction compared to the last measured period during the monitoring campaign conducted about five years ago, and is puzzling considering that the system apparently has not shown major outbursts ever since. The switch of the pulsar to the spin-up regime supports the common assumption that torques acting on the accreting neutron star are nearly balanced and thus SXP 1062 likely also spins with a period close to the equilibrium value for this system. The current monitoring of the source also revealed a sharp drop in its soft X-ray flux right after the outburst, which is in drastic contrast to the behavior during the previous outburst when the pulsar remained observable for years with only a minor flux decrease after the end of the outburst. This unexpected off state of the source lasted for at most 20 days after which SXP 1062 returned to the level observed during previous campaigns. We discuss this and other findings in context of the modern models of accretion onto strongly magnetized neutron stars.
Ultrasound in Pregnancy during the Corona-Virus Pandemic: a Practical Approach
2020-04-08

The corona virus pandemic, which began in December 2019, has presented humanity with a major challenge within a short span of three months. Government and health care agencies around the world are developing measures to reduce the spread of the pandemic, provide adequate care for infected patients and reduce mortality to the lowest level possible. Near complete shutdown of services and social distancing substantially changed the lives of millions of people and paralysed public and professional life in most countries.
Counting tropical rational curves with cross-ratio constraints
2020-04-08

Abstract We enumerate rational curves in toric surfaces passing through points and satisfying cross-ratio constraints using tropical and combinatorial methods. Our starting point is (Tyomkin in Adv Math 305:1356–1383, 2017), where a tropical-algebraic correspondence theorem was proved that relates counts of rational curves in toric varieties that satisfy point conditions and cross-ratio constraints to the analogous tropical counts. We proceed in two steps: based on tropical intersection theory we first study tropical cross-ratios and introduce degenerated cross-ratios. Second we provide a lattice path algorithm that produces all rational tropical curves satisfying such degenerated conditions explicitly. In a special case simpler combinatorial objects, so-called cross-ratio floor diagrams, are introduced which can be used to determine these enumerative numbers as well.
The missing role of gray matter in studying brain controllability
2020-04-08

1 Abstract Brain controllability properties are normally derived from the white matter fiber tracts in which the neural substrate of the actual energy consumption, namely the gray matter, has been widely ignored. Here, we study the relationship between gray matter volume of regions across the whole cortex and their respective control property derived from the structural architecture of the white matter fiber tracts. The data suggests that the ability of white fiber tracts to exhibit control at specific nodes not only depends on the connection strength of the structural connectome but additionally strongly depends on gray matter volume at the host nodes. Our data indicates that connectivity strength and gray matter volume interact with respect to the brain’s control properties, such that gray matter exerts the great impact in regions with high structural connectivity. Disentangling effects of the regional gray matter volume and connectivity strength, we found that frontal and sensory areas play crucial roles in controllability. Together these results suggest that structural and regional properties of the white matter and gray matter provide complementary information in studying the control properties of the intrinsic structural and functional architectural of the brain.
Solid accretion onto planetary cores in radiative disks
2020-04-08

The solid accretion rate, which is necessary to grow gas giant planetary cores within the disk lifetime, has been a major constraint for theories of planet formation. We tested the solid accretion rate efficiency on planetary cores of different masses embedded in their birth disk by means of 3D radiation-hydrodynamics, where we followed the evolution of a swarm of embedded solids of different sizes. We found that by using a realistic equation of state and radiative cooling, the disk at 5 au is able to efficiently cool and reduce its aspect ratio. As a result, the pebble isolation mass is reached before the core grows to 10 M ⊕ , thus fully stopping the pebble flux and creating a transition disk. Moreover, the reduced isolation mass halts the solid accretion before the core reaches the critical mass, leading to a barrier to giant planet formation, and this explains the large abundance of super-Earth planets in the observed population.
Memento for interprofessional learning
2020-04-08

Abstract The vast increase of technical, diagnostic, and treatment possibilities and deepened understanding of molecular biology has revolutionized diagnosis and treatment of cancer and thus has great impact on pathology. Different professionals are responsible for proper evaluation of the results and their translating into an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Next to expertise, a close interaction between clinical molecular biologists, pathologists, and oncologists is required; it is crucial that these professionals speak “the same language.” Key to this is communication skills and creating possibilities for collaboration in a meaningful context. Here, we present an interprofessional, educational workshop model and we describe the parameters that contribute to effective learning by specialists.
Trust and Adaptive Learning in Implicit Contracts
2020-04-08

We study effects of trust in implicit contracts. Trust changes whenever the principal honors or dishonors an implicit contract. Usually a higher discount rate lowers the value of trade in an agency. We show that a sufficiently high level of (ex ante) trust can offset this effect. Strategies of principals representing unique equilibria are endogenously derived given different levels of agents.bounded rationality. These strategies mirror a subset of the class of trigger strategies which is exogenously entered into previous implicit contracting models. Therefore our results offer some justification for using that conventional approach. Implications for performance evaluation are discussed.
WO3-Based Gas Sensors: Identifying Inherent Qualities and Understanding the Sensing Mechanism
2020-04-09

Semiconducting metal oxide-based gas sensors are an attractive option for a wide array of applications. In particular, sensors based on WO<sub>3</sub> are promising for applications varying from indoor air quality to breath analysis. There is a great breadth of literature which examines how the sensing characteristics of WO<sub>3</sub> can be tuned via changes in, for example, morphology or surface additives. Because of variations in measurement conditions, however, it is difficult to identify inherent qualities of WO<sub>3</sub> from these reports. Here, the sensing behavior of five different WO<sub>3</sub> samples is examined. The samples show good complementarity to SnO<sub>2</sub> (the most commonly used material)-based sensors. A surprising homogeneity, despite variation in morphology and preparation method, is found. Using operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, it is found that the oxygen vacancies are the dominant reaction partner of WO<sub>3</sub> with the analyte gas. This surface chemistry is offered as an explanation for the homogeneity of WO<sub>3</sub>-based sensors.
Neuronal pentraxin 2: a synapse-derived CSF biomarker in genetic frontotemporal dementia
2020-04-09

Introduction Synapse dysfunction is emerging as an early pathological event in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), however biomarkers are lacking. We aimed to investigate the value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuronal pentraxins (NPTXs), a family of proteins involved in homeostatic synapse plasticity, as novel biomarkers in genetic FTD. Methods We included 106 presymptomatic and 54 symptomatic carriers of a pathogenic mutation in GRN , C9orf72 or MAPT , and 70 healthy non-carriers participating in the Genetic Frontotemporal dementia Initiative (GENFI), all of whom had at least one CSF sample. We measured CSF concentrations of NPTX2 using an in-house ELISA, and NPTX1 and NPTX receptor (NPTXR) by Western blot. We correlated NPTX2 with corresponding clinical and neuroimaging datasets as well as with CSF neurofilament light chain (NfL) using linear regression analyses. Results Symptomatic mutation carriers had lower NPTX2 concentrations (median 643 pg/mL, IQR (301–872)) than presymptomatic carriers (1003 pg/mL (624–1358), p&lt;0.001) and non-carriers (990 pg/mL (597–1373), p&lt;0.001) (corrected for age). Similar results were found for NPTX1 and NPTXR. Among mutation carriers, NPTX2 concentration correlated with several clinical disease severity measures, NfL and grey matter volume of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, insula and whole brain. NPTX2 predicted subsequent decline in phonemic verbal fluency and Clinical Dementia Rating scale plus FTD modules. In longitudinal CSF samples, available in 13 subjects, NPTX2 decreased around symptom onset and in the symptomatic stage. Discussion We conclude that NPTX2 is a promising synapse-derived disease progression biomarker in genetic FTD.
Comparison of conditioned Latin hypercube and feature space coverage sampling for predicting soil classes using simulation from soil maps
2020-04-09

This study investigates sampling design for mapping soil classes based on multiple environmental features associated with the soil classes. Two types of sampling design for calibrating the prediction models are compared: conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (CLHS) and feature space coverage sampling (FSCS). Simple random sampling (SRS), which does not utilize the environmental features, is added as a reference design. The sample sizes used are 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, and 100 points, and at each sample size 100 sample sets were drawn using each of the three types of design. Each of these sample sets was then used to calibrate three prediction models: random forest (RF), individual predictive soil mapping (iPSM), and multinomial logistic regression (MLR). These sampling designs were compared based on the overall accuracy of predicted soil class maps obtained by these three prediction methods. The comparison was conducted in two study areas: Ammertal (Germany) and Raffelson (USA). For each of these two areas a detailed legacy soil class map is available. These soil class maps were used as references in a simulation study for the comparison. Results of both study areas show that on average FSCS outperforms CLHS and SRS for all three prediction methods. The difference in estimated medians of overall accuracy with CLHS and SRS was marginal. Moreover, the variation in overall accuracy among sample sets of the same size was considerably smaller for FSCS than that for CLHS. These results in the two study areas suggest that FSCS is a more effective sampling design.
Hungry for charge – how a beryllium scorpionate complex “eats” a weakly coordinating anion
2020-04-09

Abstract We present the reaction of a tris(pyrazolyl) beryllium scorpionate (TpBe) complex with a weakly coordinating anion (WCA), which yields the heteroleptic complex TpBeOC(CF 3 ) 3 1 (TpBeO R F ). The product 1 has been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy ( 1 H, 9 Be, 13 C) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (scXRD). Quantum chemical calculations (DFT, NPA, LOL) were performed to study the bonding nature in 1 .
Guanylyl Cyclase A/cGMP Signaling Slows Hidden, Age- and Acoustic Trauma-Induced Hearing Loss
2020-04-09

In the inner ear, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling has been described as facilitating otoprotection, which was previously observed through elevated cGMP levels achieved by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition. However, to date, the upstream guanylyl cyclase (GC) subtype eliciting cGMP production is unknown. Here, we show that mice with a genetic disruption of the gene encoding the cGMP generator GC-A, the receptor for atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides, display a greater vulnerability of hair cells to hidden hearing loss and noise- and age-dependent hearing loss. This vulnerability was associated with GC-A expression in spiral ganglia and outer hair cells (OHCs) but not in inner hair cells (IHCs). GC-A knockout mice exhibited elevated hearing thresholds, most pronounced for the detection of high-frequency tones. Deficits in OHC input-output functions in high-frequency regions were already present in young GC-A-deficient mice, with no signs of an accelerated progression of age-related hearing loss or higher vulnerability to acoustic trauma. OHCs in these frequency regions in young GC-A knockout mice exhibited diminished levels of KCNQ4 expression, which is the dominant K<sup>+</sup> channel in OHCs, and decreased activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, an enzyme involved in DNA repair. Further, GC-A knockout mice had IHC synapse impairments and reduced amplitudes of auditory brainstem responses that progressed with age and with acoustic trauma, in contrast to OHCs, when compared to GC-A wild-type littermates. We conclude that GC-A/cGMP-dependent signaling pathways have otoprotective functions and GC-A gene disruption differentially contributes to hair-cell damage in a healthy, aged, or injured system. Thus, augmentation of natriuretic peptide GC-A signaling likely has potential to overcome hidden and noise-induced hearing loss, as well as presbycusis.