julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
PLLA Coating of Lyophilized Human Bone Allograft for Long-term Release of Antibiotics
2025-06-27

Based on these results, future optimization can focus on selecting more efficient release of antibiotics and increasing the encapsulated concentration to sustain antibiotic release over 4 months, thereby improving the bacteriostatic effect <i>in vivo</i>. Furthermore, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity must be improved.
Recurrent c.‐11C>T change located upstream of the normal ATG initiation codon of ANKH causes self‐limited familial infantile epilepsy
2025-06-27

Abstract Objective Pathogenic ANKH variants are a known cause of chondrocalcinosis (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man [OMIM] #118600) and craniometaphyseal dysplasia (OMIM #123000). Here, we describe the phenotype and genotype of autosomal dominant infantile epilepsy caused by a c.‐11C&gt;T change upstream of the gene's normal ATG initiation codon of ANKH in a family of southern Italian descent; we correlate the phenotype with known epilepsy syndromes and provide the first evidence of recurrence of this particular ANKH variant. Methods Phenotyping and genotyping (short‐read exome/genome sequencing) was performed on six members of a family with self‐limited familial infantile epilepsy (SeLFIE). Results We describe a family with six individuals who presented with infantile onset epilepsy. All affected family members experienced focal and/or bilateral tonic–clonic seizures, sometimes triggered by fever or infection, with seizure onset predominantly before the age of 2 years. Patients responded well to antiseizure medication, and seizures resolved completely before the age of 4 years. Short‐read genome/exome sequencing and comparative bioinformatic analysis of the variants of five affected individuals and one unaffected individual revealed ANKH c.‐11C&gt;T as the causative pathogenic variant in this family, segregating with the disease. Significance To our knowledge, we report the second family with autosomal dominant epilepsy caused by an ANKH c.‐11C&gt;T variant. The pediatric phenotype closely resembles that of the previously reported British family, suggesting low phenotypic heterogeneity, and aligns with SeLFIE. ANKH‐ associated epilepsy should be considered in SeLFIE, especially in cases with a family history of chondrocalcinosis or recurrent acute joint pain episodes.
Management of hepatic artery thrombosis and stenosis after pediatric liver transplantation: Variability and agreement in management practices
2025-06-30

Guidelines for managing hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) and stenosis (HAS) after pediatric liver transplantation (pLT) are lacking, with heterogeneous local practices. This study aims to evaluate management practices for HAT and HAS after pLT. An online and paper-based survey was sent to 36 international pLT centers. The survey included 36 questions covering center experience, screening protocols, diagnostic criteria, preventive management, post-procedural care, and follow-up. Treatment strategies were explored through hypothetical case scenarios categorized by early (≤14 d after pLT) and late onset complications (&gt;14 d after pLT). Responses from 36 centers showed that 60% applied interrupted sutures and 76% used a surgical loupe during transplantation. In addition, 89% followed a specific anticoagulation protocol after uncomplicated pLT. All centers initiated Doppler ultrasound (DUS) within 24 hours after pLT, with 60% conducting it daily during the first week. Immediate re-transplantation was preferred for early HAT with pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) (61% vs. 11% for non-PALF, p &lt;0.001), and surgical revascularization was more frequently chosen for non-PALF cases (51% vs. 24% for PALF, p &lt;0.001). Endovascular therapy was selected in 35% of cases for both late HAT and HAS, with conservative management chosen in 51% for late HAT and 61% for late HAS (all p &lt;0.001, compared to early cases). Internationally, there is agreement on the importance of early DUS screening in current management practices. Immediate re-transplantation was preferred for early HAT with PALF, while surgical revascularization was favored for non-PALF cases. Conservative management and endovascular therapy emerged as potential strategies for late-onset cases. This worldwide survey on real-world practice provides a basis for developing and implementing guidelines.
An Epidemic of Respiratory and Ocular Infections Caused by the Reemergence of a Recombinant Human Adenovirus, the Novel Type HAdV‐B114 (P7H3F3)
2025-06-30

ABSTRACT Human adenoviruses of species B (HAdV‐B) can cause upper respiratory tract infections and conjunctivitis, but also severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Although HAdV‐associated LRTI are non‐notifiable in Germany, typing data of our Adenovirus Reference Laboratory indicated an HAdV‐B3 epidemic in 2023, with 67 samples initially typed as HAdV‐B3 compared to &lt; 10/year in the previous years. Circulation of a novel, highly virulent HAdV‐B3 strain was suspected and complete viral genomic sequencing performed, revealing a recombinant phylogeny of the penton gene (P), which originated from HAdV‐B7, whereas hexon (H) and fiber (F) genes originated from HAdV‐B3. Therefore, this virus was acknowledged by the Adenovirus Working Group as the novel recombinant genotype 114 (P7H3F3). Interestingly, BLAST search of the HAdV‐B114 prototype sequence showed 99.91% identity to the old HAdV‐B genome type 3a. Additionally, multiple complete adenovirus genomic sequences labeled as HAdV‐B3 during the last two decades had &gt; 99.8% identity, suggesting long‐term circulation of HAdV‐B114 although the recombinant phylogeny of its penton region had not been recognized. This detailed analysis of an HAdV epidemic associated with ocular and respiratory infections, including severe LRTI, led to the discovery of a novel genotype HAdV‐B114, which is rather a neglected, re‐emergent than an emerging virus.
Advanced imaging and management of superior vena cava syndrome
2025-06-30

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome results from stenosis and/or occlusion of the central venous system leading to symptomatology associated with head and neck as well as upper-extremity venous congestion. With the rise in central venous catheter use and increasing cases of malignancy, the incidence of SVC syndrome has steadily increased in recent years. This narrative review explores the clinical presentation of SVC syndrome, alongside its evolving etiologies within modern clinical practice and its pathophysiology. In light of this, advanced imaging modalities and management approaches are discussed based on the extensive institutional experience, detailing the preprocedural imaging techniques, conservative and interventional treatment options, and follow-up imaging protocols.
Metastasis-Specific CpG Island DNA Hypermethylation of the Long Non-Coding RNA Gene 00404 in Renal Cell Carcinoma
2025-06-30

Background/Objectives: Alterations in long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to influence cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis in human cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: Using pyrosequencing, we analyzed DNA methylation (DNAm) at 23 loci within the LINC00404 CpG island across 28 human cancer cell line models, 181 RCC tumor tissues, 154 paired tumor-adjacent normal tissues (adNs), and 194 metastatic tissue samples. Results: Our analysis revealed that all CpG sites exhibited tumor-specific hypermethylation (all p ≤ 1.4 × 10−5). Moreover, primary RCC tissues with distant metastases (M1) and metastatic tissue samples (Mtx) showed significant hypermethylation compared to RCC without distant metastases (M0). Notably, DNAm in Mtx displayed a significant increase in 22 CpG sites, compared to 12 CpG sites in the M1/M0 comparison, suggesting that DNAm in Mtx differs both qualitatively and quantitatively. Conclusions: Given that elevated levels of DNAm were also observed in the majority of cell line models, our findings suggest that LINC00404 may play a pivotal role in the malignant development and progression of RCC metastasis, as well as in other human cancers.
Serum leptin and its relation to body composition, puberty, and metabolism in severe obesity
2025-06-30

Childhood severe obesity (SO) is a growing public health concern. Leptin (LEP) and its biologically active fraction (BioLEP) play a key role in energy balance and body mass regulation. Understanding their relationship with anthropometric and metabolic parameters is crucial for improving SO treatment. This study analyzed total LEP, BioLEP, and the BioLEP/LEP ratio in children with SO and their associations with body composition, lipid profile, and pubertal development. The study included 461 children (245 girls and 216 boys) aged 0–19 years with SO. Anthropometric parameters, metabolic indices, and pubertal stages (Tanner scale) were assessed. LEP and BioLEP concentrations were measured using ELISA, and the BioLEP/LEP ratio was calculated. The median LEP concentration was 56.53 ng/mL, and BioLEP was 53.66 ng/mL, with a BioLEP/LEP ratio of 0.94. Girls had significantly higher LEP (64.40 vs 49.66 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.001) and BioLEP (59.90 vs 46.93 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.001) than boys. LEP and BioLEP correlated positively with BMI, waist and hip circumference, and fat mass percentage, while negatively with waist-to-hip ratio and fat-free mass. The BioLEP/LEP ratio correlated positively with insulin and lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides). LEP and BioLEP play a significant role in SO, particularly in fat mass regulation. The BioLEP/LEP ratio is more closely linked to lipid metabolism. These findings provide insights into the hormonal and metabolic profile of SO, supporting targeted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing highlights a curtailed NK cell function in convalescent COVID-19 pregnant women
2025-06-30

Introduction During gestation the immune system undergoes dramatic remodelling to protect the maternal-fetal dyad from infections whilst also preventing fetal rejection. We investigated how SARS-CoV-2 modifies the immune landscape during infection and in recovered pregnant women. Methods We immunophenotyped our two independent geographical cohorts using a 14-colour flow cytometry panel (surface and intracellular staining). We estimated cytokines and SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in validation cohort using a multiplexd flow cytometry panel. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed using a Chromium Single Cell 3’ Gel Bead Chip and Library Kit from 10x Genomics (Drop-seq method). Furthermore, we estimated the cytotoxic functions of natural killer (NK) cells by flow cytometry using surface and intracellular staining. Results Using two independent geographical cohorts, we identified that NK cells had a sustained reduction during active infection and after recovery. Further, scRNA-seq data revealed that infection with SARS-CoV-2 rewired the gene expression profile of NK, monocytes, CD4 + , CD8 + effector T cells and antibody producing B cells in convalescent pregnant women. Several gene pathways associated with cytotoxic function, interferon signalling type I &amp;amp; II, and pro- and anti-inflammatory functions in NK and CD8 + cytotoxic T cells were attenuated in recovered pregnant patients compared with healthy pregnancies. We validated our scRNA-seq of NK cells from convalescent pregnant women and confirmed that NK cells had diminished levels of cytotoxic proteins; perforin, CD122 and granzyme B. Discussion Overall, our study uncovers that SARS-CoV-2 infection deranges the adaptive immune response in pregnant women even after recovery and may contribute to post-COVID19 sequalae of symptoms.
Mitigating Arthropod Mortality During Roadside Mowing: The Potential of the EcoCut Insect Flushing Bar
2025-06-30

ABSTRACT Due to their size and corridor function, roadside verges are of concern for the conservation and protection of insects and other arthropods. Any opportunity to manage them in an insect‐friendly way, for example, insect‐friendly mowing technology, should be seen as an important contribution. Here we investigated the effectiveness of the EcoCut (air rail blower, model F360, Fischer Maschinenbau GmbH &amp; Co. KG, Gemmrigheim, Germany), a blowing device to chase away arthropods, on nine grassland arthropod groups. We compared (1) a section treated with the EcoCut blowing device mounted on a switched off flail mower head and (2) an untreated control section on two experimental sites (i.e., ‘ecological compensation area’ and ‘extensive orchard meadow’) that differed in vegetation composition, height and density. We present a proof‐of‐concept study that demonstrates the potential of the EcoCut to chase away insects from a mowing site prior to the actual cutting but also suggests that its effectiveness depends on the vegetation characteristics of the area to be treated. In high and dense vegetation (i.e., ‘ecological compensation area’) only Diptera were effectively deterred. In less high and dense vegetation (i.e., ‘extensive orchard meadow’), such as roadside verges, seven of the nine groups studied were successfully ‘scared off’ by 46%–64% by the blowing device. Overall, our study demonstrates the potential of the EcoCut in significantly mitigating arthropod losses during mowing of roadside verges.
Small flakes for sharp needs: Technological behaviour in the Lower Palaeolithic site of Marathousa 1, Greece
2025-06-30

Marathousa 1 (~430 ka BP), located in the Megalopolis Basin, Greece, represents the earliest documented butchery site in the Southern Balkans, providing clear evidence of a direct association between artefacts and remains of Palaeoloxodon antiquus . The lithic assemblage features a distinctive small tools industry, primarily produced from local radiolarite, comprising both simple flakes and retouched tools. Through technological analysis, raw material characterisation, experimental knapping, and statistical analyses, this study explores how Middle Pleistocene hominins organised their technological behaviour as reflected in the lithic assemblage, and how these behaviours were shaped by the resource-rich setting of the Megalopolis Basin, characterised by abundant raw materials, water sources, and faunal availability. Results demonstrate the interplay between freehand and bipolar knapping, reflecting a flexible technological strategy to exploit the available radiolarite. Freehand percussion was mainly used in flake production, while the bipolar technique facilitated initial core reduction and late-stage exhaustion. The consistent microlithisation at the site is also evident in the exploitation of other locally available raw materials, such as limestone, flint, and quartz, supporting previous studies demonstrating small flakes’ effectiveness in diverse tasks. Technological patterns at Marathousa 1 broadly correspond to those observed at other Middle Pleistocene small tool sites; however, its distinctive intersection of raw material availability, technological choices and functional demands provides new insights into regional patterns of lithic variability across Eurasia during this period.
Bridging Traditional-Statistics and Machine-Learning Approaches in Psychology: Navigating Small Samples, Measurement Error, Nonindependent Observations, and Missing Data
2025-07-01

In recent years, machine learning has propagated into different aspects of psychological research, and supervised machine-learning methods have increasingly been used as a tool for predicting human behavior or psychological characteristics when there is a large number of possible predictors. However, researchers often face practical challenges when using machine-learning methods on psychological data. In this article, we identify and discuss four key challenges that often arise when applying machine learning to data collected for psychological research. The four challenge areas cover (a) limited sample size, (b) measurement error, (c) nonindependent data, and (d) missing data. Such challenges are extensively discussed in the “traditional” statistical literature but are often not explicitly addressed, or at least not to the same extent, in the applied-machine-learning community. We present how each of these challenges is dealt with first from a traditional-statistics perspective and then from a machine-learning perspective and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these solutions by comparing the approaches. We argue that the boundary between traditional statistics and machine learning is fluid and emphasize the need for cross-disciplinary collaboration to better tackle these core challenges and improve replicability.
Elucidating the molecular structural origin of efficient emission across solid and solution phases of single benzene fluorophores
2025-07-01

Achieving high quantum yields for organic fluorophores in both solution and in the polycrystalline solid state is a significant yet challenging goal, as most fluorophores typically emit effectively in only one phase. In this study, we introduce 1,1'-(2,5-dimethoxyterephthaloyl)-bis(glutraimide) (TGlu), a novel 'single benzene'-based organic fluorophore featuring an alkoxy donor and an N-acyl-glutarimide acceptor. TGlu achieves close-to-unity fluorescence quantum yields in both solution and in the polycrystalline state. Through systematic studies involving four additional structural analogues of TGlu, we unveiled that the acceptor group within the single benzene core plays a crucial steric and electronic role in achieving high fluorescence efficiency in both phases. Furthermore, we demonstrated the versatility of this new fluorophore in various applications. In solution, TGlu serves as a highly effective photocatalyst for photoinduced energy/electron transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization while in its single-crystal form, TGlu exhibits highly efficient waveguiding properties.
Deep Learning-Enhanced T1-Weighted Imaging for Breast MRI at 1.5T
2025-07-01

Background/Objectives: Assessment of a novel deep-learning (DL)-based T1w volumetric interpolated breath-hold (VIBEDL) sequence in breast MRI in comparison with standard VIBE (VIBEStd) for image quality evaluation. Methods: Prospective study of 52 breast cancer patients examined at 1.5T breast MRI with T1w VIBEStd and T1 VIBEDL sequence. T1w VIBEDL was integrated as an additional early non-contrast and a delayed post-contrast scan. Two radiologists independently scored T1w VIBE Std/DL sequences both pre- and post-contrast and their calculated subtractions (SUBs) for image quality, sharpness, (motion)–artifacts, perceived signal-to-noise and diagnostic confidence with a Likert-scale from 1: Non-diagnostic to 5: Excellent. Lesion diameter was evaluated on the SUB for T1w VIBEStd/DL. All lesions were visually evaluated in T1w VIBEStd/DL pre- and post-contrast and their subtractions. Statistics included correlation analyses and paired t-tests. Results: Significantly higher Likert scale values were detected in the pre-contrast T1w VIBEDL compared to the T1w VIBEStd for image quality (each p &lt; 0.001), image sharpness (p &lt; 0.001), SNR (p &lt; 0.001), and diagnostic confidence (p &lt; 0.010). Significantly higher values for image quality (p &lt; 0.001 in each case), image sharpness (p &lt; 0.001), SNR (p &lt; 0.001), and artifacts (p &lt; 0.001) were detected in the post-contrast T1w VIBEDL and in the SUB. SUBDL provided superior diagnostic certainty compared to SUBStd in one reader (p = 0.083 or p = 0.004). Conclusions: Deep learning-enhanced T1w VIBEDL at 1.5T breast MRI offers superior image quality compared to T1w VIBEStd.
On inertial forces (indirect terms) in problems with a central body
2025-07-01

Gravitational systems in astrophysics often comprise a body – the primary – that far outweights the others, and which is taken as the centre of the reference frame. A fictitious acceleration, also known as the indirect term, must therefore be added to all other bodies in the system to compensate for the absence of motion of the primary. In this Research Note, we first stress that there is not one indirect term but as many indirect terms as there are bodies in the system that exert a gravitational pull on the primary. For instance, in the case of a protoplanetary disc with two planets, there are three indirect terms: one arising from the whole disc, and one per planet. We also highlight that the direct and indirect gravitational accelerations should be treated in a balanced way: the indirect term from one body should be applied to the other bodies in the system that feel its direct gravitational acceleration, and only to them. We point to situations where one of those terms is usually neglected however, which may lead to spurious results. These ideas are developed here for star-disc-planets interactions, for which we propose a recipe for the force to be applied onto a migrating planet, but they can easily be generalized to other astrophysical systems.
Predicting the Three‐Dimensional Stratigraphy of an Ice Rise
2025-07-01

Abstract Ice rises located in ice shelves around Antarctica act as pinning points, impeding the flow of ice in ice shelves and in the upstream ice sheet. Ice rises preserve records of past climate and associated changes in ice flow in their stratigraphy. Typically, the flow of ice in ice rises is characterized by both converging and diverging patterns, experiencing transitions from contact with bathymetric features to floating on the ocean. In this study, we develop a three‐dimensional ice flow model that is capable of simulating the internal stratigraphy of ice rises. The modeled stratigraphy can be compared with observed stratigraphy inferred from ground‐penetrating radar observations. The model simulates three‐dimensional ice flow described by the Stokes equations and evolution of ice temperature described by an advection‐diffusion equation that impacts the non‐linear ice rheology. We use our model to simulate the observed stratigraphy of Derwael Ice Rise in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Our results show a close agreement with the observed ice stratigraphy and suggest that the ice at 5% above the base is approximately 8,000 years old. Our new model enables us to relate the observed ice‐rise stratigraphy to the ice flow and its changes.
Preclinical Evaluation of a B7-H3 Targeting Antibody Enhancing NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity for Ovarian Cancer Treatment
2025-07-01

8H8-SDIE has been shown to induce potent NK cell activity, resulting in tumor cell lysis. This finding underscores its promise as an innovative immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Regional effects of gantenerumab on neuroimaging biomarkers in the DIAN‐TU‐001 trial
2025-07-01

Abstract INTRODUCTION Monoclonal anti‐amyloid therapies are now accessible, but how these treatments influence changes within the brain is still not clear. We investigated overall and regional change in amyloid removal, glucose metabolism, and atrophy in trial participants with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease (DIAD). METHODS In the DIAN‐TU‐001 trial, 92 carriers received gantenerumab or placebo and underwent serial neuroimaging assessments including [ 11 C]‐Pittsburgh compound‐B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET), [ 18 F]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose (FDG) PET, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS Gantenerumab significantly reduced PiB‐PET uptake overall and in most regions and showed no changes in FDG‐PET or MRI measures. Drug effects were associated with baseline PiB‐PET uptake, and the largest effects occurred in medial regions. DISCUSSION Treated DIAD participants, and especially those with higher amyloid burden, showed a decrease in PiB‐PET uptake, which was more pronounced in the basal ganglia and medial frontal structures. These results may inform patient response and future drug trial design. Highlights Gantenerumab unevenly decreased Aβ burden as measured by PiB‐PET across brain regions. The strongest decrease in PiB‐PET uptake was in basal ganglia and medial frontal structures. Variable drug effect on Aβ was partly due to the amount of burden present before treatment. There was no regional effect on FDG‐PET metabolism or MRI volumetrics after 4 years.