julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
High-time resolution spectroscopy with XMM-Newton and XEUS
2003-03-10

The pn-CCD camera on board of XMM-Newton as well as the Wide Field Imager (WFI) currently being designed for the XEUS mission can be read out in special fast timing modes, providing spectroscopy at very high time resolution. The two fast modes, Timing and Burst mode, of the pn-CCD camera on board XMM-Newton provide a time resolution of 30 μs, respectively. However, this fast timing is only possible at the expense of spatial resolution in readout direction. In contrast, the current baseline design of the WFI for XEUS will provide 25 μs timing at full spatial resolution. We describe the basic principles of the fast readout schemes of the pn-CCD and the SFI, discuss the potential of XEUS for high time resolution spectroscopy and present first results of pulse phase resolved spectroscopy of the Crab pulsar with the pn-CCD in Timing mode.
Proposal to do fast x-ray timing with XEUS
2003-03-10

We describe a proposal for an added capability of fast timing to the European x-ray astronomy mission XEUS. The scientific value of fast timing observations for the investigation of compact objects is recognized and has been demonstrated through observations by the Rossi x-ray Timing Explorer. We propose to make use of the huge collecting area of XEUS for timing studies with unparalleled photon statistics and time resolution. We describe the sceintifc motivation, e.g. to probe strong gravity fields around collapsed objects and to constrain the equation of state of dense matter in neutron stars. We discuss options for the implementation of detectors which coudl be small silicon drift detectors out of focus.
A. Interactions in Trapped Atomic Gases
2003-03-10

This chapter contains sections titled: Thermodynamics in an Ultracold Mixture of Optically Trapped Atomic Gases Cross-section for Collisions of Ultracold 7Li with Na Tailoring Cavity-Enhanced Light Fields for Cold Atom Manipulation Narrow Spectral Features in Resonance Fluorescence in Laser-Driven Atomic Few-Level Systems Dynamics of Excitation in a Dense Cloud of Cold Rydberg Atoms Photoexcitation and lonization of Cold Metastable Helium Atoms lonization and Recombination Dynamics of an Expanding Ultracold Rydberg Gas Towards an Ultracold Dense Gas of Rydberg Atoms Prospects of Trapping Neutral Mercury: Formation of Vibrationally Cold Molecules and Entanglement of Atoms
C. Cold Molecules
2003-03-10

This chapter contains sections titled: Accurate Determination of Cs(62P1/2,3/2) Atomic Radiative Lifetimes from Photoassociation Spectroscopy Photoassociation Spectroscopy of the Cs2 Ground State Near-Threshold Photoassociation of Rb2 at Very High Resolution Iodine Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Frequency Standard for Lithium Photoassociation The Hyperfine Structure of ND3 Theoretical Prediction of the Photoassociation Spectra of Calcium Dimer Exact Models for Two-Mode Photoassociation of a Bose-Einstein Condensate Photoassociation Spectroscopy of Cold Calcium Atoms
MIRAX: a hard X-ray imaging mission
2003-03-10

We describe the hard x-ray mission MIRAX - jointly proposed by teams from Brazil, the USA, Germany and the Netherlands. The scientific objective is to provide continuous 2-200 keV imaging of the central 1000 square degrees of our Galaxy for 9 months per year over up to 5 years. Durign times when the sun crosses the Galactic Center other areas like the Cygnus-, Vela- and the Magellanic Cloud-regions can be observed. MIRAX will detect, localize, identify and study sources of medium to hard x-ray emission, with special emphasis on short-lived, rare and unpredictable events, including weak x-ray transients and fast x-ray movae. MIRAX will reach in a one day observation a sensitivity of 1mCrab in 2-10 keV and 2.5mCrab in 10-100keV. MIRAX will provide a unique capability to study compact galactic objects - notably accreting neutron stars and black holes. It will:- Probe neutron star and x-ray burst theory wiht 20,000 type I x-ray bursts and 50 'superbursts' - Measure spin frequencies of neutron stars from 10-100 burst oscillations - Observe explosive flares and x-ray light curves during ejections in superluminal jets - Study soft gamma-ray repeaters, fast x-ray novae and new types of phenomena yet to be discovered. We describe the science and the instrumentation.
Index
2003-03-10

accumulated phase method 191 alkali-metal atom 21 asymptotic coupling 179 atom-molecule coherence 311 atomic beam collimation 41 atomic mixtures 280 EEC interference 149 Bloch bands 294 Bogoliubov approximation 142 Born-Oppenheimer approximation 184 Bose-Einstein condensates 84 Bose-Einstein condensation 46, 51, 53, 54, 106, 129 Bose-Hubbard hamiltonian 302 Bragg interferometry 153 calcium 473 calcium dimer 467 cavity-enhanced light fields 385 CCD 243 cesium 20,41,321 chemical potential 49 CO 2 Laser 56 coherence length 409 coherent control 487 cold molecular ions 348 cold molecules 175 collapse and revival 306 collision rate 46 elastic, 53 collisions 46 collisions in a light field 80 cooling limit Doppler, 23, 27, 29, 41 recoil, 41 cross section 70 cryogenic techniques 229
Radiotherapy for Stages IIA/B Testicular Seminoma: Final Report of a Prospective Multicenter Clinical Trial
2003-03-13

Purpose: A prospective multicenter trial was initiated to evaluate the role of modern radiotherapy with reduced treatment portals for stage IIA and IIB testicular seminoma. Patients and Methods: Patients with stages IIA/B disease (Royal Marsden classification) were assessable for the trial. Staging comprised computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis as well as analysis of tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein and beta human chorionic gonadotropin. Linac-based radiotherapy was delivered to para-aortic and high ipsilateral iliac lymph nodes. The total doses were 30 Gy for stage IIA and 36 Gy for stage IIB disease. Results: Between April 1991 and March 1994, 94 patients were enrolled for the trial by 30 participating centers throughout Germany. Seven patients were lost to follow-up. Median time to follow-up of 87 assessable patients was 70 months. There were 66 stage IIA and 21 stage IIB patients. One mediastinal and one field-edge relapse were observed in the stage IIA group. In the stage IIB group, there was one mediastinal and one mediastinal/pulmonary relapse. All patients were treated with a salvage regimen of platinum-based chemotherapy. Actuarial relapse-free survival at 6 years was 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88.9% to 100%) and 88.9% (95% CI, 74.4% to 100%) for stage IIA and IIB groups, respectively. Maximum acute side effects were 8% grade 3 nausea for stage IIA and 10% grade 3 nausea and diarrhea for stage IIB groups. No late toxicity was observed. Conclusion: Radiotherapy for stages IIA/B seminoma with reduced portals yields excellent tumor control at a low rate of acute toxicity and no late toxicity, which supports the role of radiotherapy as the first treatment choice for these patients.
Serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinases in the regulation of the cardiac sodium channel SCN5A
2003-03-15

The serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1 and its isoform SGK3 are both expressed in cardiac tissue. One of the functions of SGK1 is the phosphorylation and inactivation of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2, which in turn could be shown to downregulate the voltage-gated Na+ channel SCN5A (hH1). The present study has been performed to test for a role of SGK1 and SGK3 in the regulation of SCN5A. To this end cRNA encoding the human Na+ channel SCN5A was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes with or without cRNA encoding the wild-type kinases SGK1, the constitutively active kinase S422DSGK1, the inactive form K127NSGK1 or the wild-type SGK3. SCN5A currents were activated by coexpression of either wild-type SGK1 or SGK3 or the constitutively active S422DSGK1. In contrast, the inactive mutant K127NSGK1 significantly decreased the currents. Moreover, coexpression of SGK3 significantly altered SCN5A gating, i.e. it hyperpolarized the activation threshold and depolarized the prepotential required for 50% availability of the channel. Opposite shifts of gating properties were elicited by mutation of serine to alanine (S483ASCN5A and S663ASCN5A) in the SGK consensus sequences of SCN5A. The present observations disclose a role of the kinases SGK1 and SGK3 in the regulation of cardiac Na+ channels. As SGK1 is upregulated by glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and a variety of inflammatory mediators and both kinases are activated by insulin and IGF1, the kinases could mediate effects of those hormones and mediators on cardiac function.
Vascular Anatomy of the Palmar Surfaces of the Distal Radius And Ulna: Its Relevance to Pedicled Bone Grafts at the Distal Palmar Forearm
2003-03-15

The potential for harvesting vascularized bone grafts from the palmar surface of the distal radius has been studied in 40 arms of fresh cadavers which had previously been injected with coloured latex solution. It was found that vascularized grafts can be pedicled on the radial part of the palmar carpal arterial arch. If a longer pedicle is required, the bone graft can be pedicled on the anterior branch of the anterior interosseous artery with retrograde flow occurring from the palmar carpal arch.
The heat shock protein Gp96 binds to human neutrophils and monocytes and stimulates effector functions
2003-03-17

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident heat shock protein Gp96 is involved in protein folding and is released into the extracellular space after necrotic cell death. In this context, Gp96 has immunostimulatory properties: it activates dendritic cells or macrophages and delivers associated peptides into the antigen presentation pathway, resulting in the induction of specific T-cell responses. The inflammatory response after necrotic tissue damage leads to the recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and monocytes, allowing them to make their first encounter with Gp96. We therefore investigated whether PMNs and monocytes interact with Gp96. We were able to show that PMNs and monocytes specifically bind fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–conjugated Gp96. The binding of Gp96-FITC was competed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or fucoidan, a known inhibitor of scavenger receptors. Interestingly, the binding of LPS-FITC was also competed not only by fucoidan, but by Gp96, suggesting that LPS and Gp96 share a common receptor on PMNs. One important effector function of PMNs is the clearance of an inflammatory site by phagocytosis. We therefore assessed the influence of Gp96 on phagocytic activity using fluorochrome-labeled polystyrene beads. We found a marked enhancement of phagocytosis in the presence of Gp96 and concluded that PMNs not only bind Gp96, but are also activated by it. Additionally, Gp96-stimulated PMNs and especially monocytes release large amounts of interleukin-8, a potent neutrophil-attracting chemokine. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Gp96 specifically binds to and activates PMNs and monocytes, extending the function of Gp96 as a danger signal to additional members of the innate immune system.
Functional fine‐mapping and molecular modeling of a conserved loop epitope of the measles virus hemagglutinin protein
2003-03-17

Neutralizing and protective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used to fine‐map the highly conserved hemagglutinin noose epitope (H379–410, HNE) of the measles virus. Short peptides mimicking this epitope were previously shown to induce virus‐neutralizing antibodies [El Kasmi et al . (2000) J. Gen. Virol. 81 , 729–735]. The epitope contains three cysteine residues, two of which (Cys386 and Cys394) form a disulfide bridge critical for antibody binding. Substitution and truncation analogues revealed four residues critical for binding (Lys387, Gly388, Gln391 and Glu395) and suggested the binding motif X 7 C[KR]GX[AINQ]QX 2 CEX 5 for three distinct protective mAbs. This motif was found in more than 90% of the wild‐type viruses. An independent molecular model of the core epitope predicted an amphiphilic loop displaying a remarkably stable and rigid loop conformation. The three hydrophilic contact residues Lys387, Gln391 and Glu395 pointed on the virus towards the solvent‐exposed side of the planar loop and the permissive hydrophobic residues Ile390, Ala392 and Leu393 towards the solvent‐hidden side of the loop, precluding antibody binding. The high affinity ( K d = 7.60 n m ) of the mAb BH216 for the peptide suggests a high structural resemblance of the peptide with the natural epitope and indicates that most interactions with the protein are also contributed by the peptide. Improved peptides designed on the basis of these findings induced sera that crossreacted with the native measles virus hemagglutinin protein, providing important information about a lead structure for the design of more stable antigens of a synthetic or recombinant subunit vaccine.
Simultaneous time-series spectroscopy and multi-band photometry of the sdBV PG 1605+072
2003-03-17

We present time-series spectroscopy and multi-band photometry of the sdBV PG 1605+072 carried out simultaneously at the Calar Alto 2.2-m and 3.5-m telescopes. The periodogram analysis of the radial velocity curves reveals three frequencies at 2.078, 2.756, and 1.985 mHz for Hβ and at 2.076, 2.753, and 1.978 mHz for Hγ. The corresponding radial velocity amplitudes are 12.7, 8.0, and 7.9 km s−1 for Hβ and 14.3, 6.5, and 7.2 km s−1 for Hγ. Furthermore, we found five frequencies that are present in all wavelength bands of the BUSCA photometer. The frequencies detected in the radial velocity curves are recovered by the photometric measurements. Moreover, additional frequencies were present in the periodograms which could not be identified in all four bands simultaneously. The comparison of the amplitudes presented here with previous results from radial velocity and photometric observations of PG 1605+072 shows a significant change or even switch in the power of the modes within short time scales, i.e. about one year. No changes in frequency were registered and the phases of the modes show no wavelength dependency within our multi-band photometry.
Simultaneous time-series spectroscopy and multi-band photometry of the \\nsdBV PG 1605+072
2003-03-17

\\n We present time-series spectroscopy and multi-band photometry of the sdBV \\nPG 1605+072 carried out simultaneously at the Calar Alto 2.2-m and 3.5-m\\ntelescopes. The periodogram analysis of the radial velocity curves reveals three\\nfrequencies at 2.078, 2.756, and 1.985 mHz for and at 2.076,\\n2.753, and 1.978 mHz for . The corresponding radial velocity\\namplitudes are 12.7, 8.0, and 7.9 km s-1 for and 14.3,\\n6.5, and 7.2 km s-1 for . Furthermore, we found five\\nfrequencies that are present in all wavelength bands of the BUSCA photometer.\\nThe frequencies detected in the radial velocity curves are recovered by the \\nphotometric measurements. Moreover, additional frequencies were present in the\\nperiodograms which could not be identified in all four bands simultaneously. The\\ncomparison of the amplitudes presented here with previous results from radial\\nvelocity and photometric observations of PG 1605+072 shows a significant\\nchange or even switch in the power of the modes within short time scales, i.e.\\nabout one year. No changes in frequency were registered and the phases of \\nthe modes show no wavelength dependency within our multi-band photometry.\\n\\n\\n
Molecular modeling of potential new and selective PET radiotracers for the serotonin transporter. Positron Emission Tomography.
2003-03-17

The suggested compounds possess features providing new possibilities for carbon-11 or fluorine-18 labeling. Synthesis, biological testing, and screening for PET suitability are reasonable further steps.
Diagnostic value and prognostic significance of protein S‐100β, melanoma‐inhibitory activity, and tyrosinase/MART‐1 reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in the follow‐up of high‐risk melanoma patients
2003-03-18

Abstract BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin carcinoma in humans, frequently with a rapid progression of disease. To detect early developing metastasis, laboratory tests to determine levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) form part of the regular follow‐up, but often cannot discover recurrent disease at a sufficiently early stage. METHODS To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of protein S‐100β (S‐100β), melanoma‐inhibitory activity (MIA), LDH, AP, and tyrosinase/MART‐1 reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), the authors included 296 consecutive AJCC Stage II or III clinically disease‐free melanoma patients. Follow‐up examinations were performed every 3 months and blood samples were drawn to determine the levels of these tumor markers. RESULTS Metastasis occurred in 41 of the 296 patients during a median follow‐up period of 19 months (range, 1–33 months). The sensitivity to detect new metastases was 29% for protein S‐100β, 22% for MIA, 2% for LDH, 17% for AP, and 24% for RT‐PCR. The diagnostic accuracy was best for MIA (86%) and S‐100β (84%), whereas AP (79%), LDH (77%), and RT‐PCR (72%) demonstrated lower values. Elevated values of S‐100β and MIA during follow‐up examinations were associated with decreased survival rates in the further course of the disease, but pathologic findings of the other tumor markers showed no prognostic impact. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of currently available tumor markers in the follow‐up of high‐risk melanoma patients. Protein S‐100β and MIA demonstrated a higher sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of newly occurring metastasis compared with to the tumor markers AP, LDH, and RT‐PCR diagnostics. Therefore, the tumor markers S‐100β and MIA may be useful in the follow‐up of disease‐free Stage II and III melanoma patients. Cancer 2003;97:1737–45. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11250
Optical lattice in a high-finesse ring resonator
2003-03-18

An optical lattice with rubidium atoms ( ) is formed inside a ring\\nresonator with a finesse of and a large mode volume of 1.3\\n . We typically trap several times atoms at densities up to\\n and temperatures between 25 and 125 . Despite of the\\nnarrow bandwidth (17.3 kHz) of the cavity, heating due to intra--cavity\\nintensity fluctuations is kept at a low level, such that the time evolution of\\nthe temperature is determined by evaporative cooling.\\n
Analysis of the Ferric Citrate Transport Gene Promoter of Escherichia coli
2003-03-19

ABSTRACT FecI, an extracytoplasmic-function σ factor, is required for initiation of transcription of the ferric citrate transport genes. A mutational analysis of the fecA promoter revealed that the nonconserved −10 region and a downstream regulatory element are important for fecA promoter activity. However, nucleotide substitutions in the well-conserved −35 region also have an effect on the fecA promoter activity. Titration of FecI suggests that the FecI-RNA polymerase holoenzyme does not bind strongly to the downstream regulatory element, which is therefore probably involved in a subsequent step of transcription initiation.
Comparison of antiadhesive and antibacterial effects of antiseptics on Streptococcus sanguinis
2003-03-20

Three antiseptic (chlorhexidine, Olaflur, Octenisept) and one putative antiadhesive (chitosan) agent were investigated for their effect on viable planktonic and attached Streptococcus sanguinis cells. The bacterial pretreatment with each chemotherapeutic was performed in two steps: (i) After the exposure of planktonic streptococci to the antiseptics, the cells were suspended in human sterile saliva and allowed to attach to human enamel for 60 min; (ii) After 60 min in the flow chamber system, initially attached streptococci were treated with these agents. The microbial viability was monitored by the percentage of vital streptococci determined by fluorescence microscopy and cell reproduction. In comparison with the negative control NaCl, the non‐bactericidal chitosan derivative showed distinctive antiadhesive properties. For both treatment procedures, the efficacy of the antiseptics in reducing the viability of planktonic and attached streptococci was Octenisept &gt; Olaflur &gt; chlorhexidine &gt; saline &gt; chitosan. Further studies appear warranted to develop new antiplaque/antibiofilm strategies involving highly efficient bactericidals with antiadhesive formulations.
The everchanging pulsating white dwarf GD358
2003-03-21

We report 323 hours of nearly uninterrupted time series photometric observations of the DBV star GD 358 acquired with the&#13;\\nWhole Earth Telescope (WET) during May 23rd to June 8th, 2000. We acquired more than 232 000 independent measurements. We also report&#13;\\non 48 hours of time-series photometric observations in Aug 1996. We detected the non-radial g-modes consistent with degree ` = 1 and radial&#13;\\norder 8 to 20 and their linear combinations up to 6th order. We also detect, for the first time, a high amplitude ` = 2 mode, with a period&#13;\\nof 796 s. In the 2000 WET data, the largest amplitude modes are similar to those detected with the WET observations of 1990 and 1994, but&#13;\\nthe highest combination order previously detected was 4th order. At one point during the 1996 observations, most of the pulsation energy was&#13;\\ntransferred into the radial order k = 8 mode, which displayed a sinusoidal pulse shape in spite of the large amplitude. The multiplet structure of&#13;\\nthe individual modes changes from year to year, and during the 2000 observations only the k = 9 mode displays clear normal triplet structure.&#13;\\nEven though the pulsation amplitudes change on timescales of days and years, the eigenfrequencies remain essentially the same, showing the&#13;\\nstellar structure is not changing on any dynamical timescale.
A jasmonate‐responsive element within the A. thaliana vsp1 promoter
2003-03-24

The vsp1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a storage protein that accumulates in vegetative organs. Transgenic plants expressing a vsp1 promoter-gus (beta-glucuronidase) gene fusion were found to contain high GUS activity when challenged with jasmonate, a volatile plant hormone. The induction of vsp1-gus expression by jasmonate could be measured in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts, after transient expression. A number of deletions were operated in the vsp1 promoter in order to locate its jasmonate-responsive element. A 41 bp sequence taken approximately 150 bp upstream of the vsp1 TATA box could confer jasmonate responsiveness upon a short CaMV 35S promoter. Whereas the deletion of a CAAT box-like element within the 41 bp sequence did not affect promoter activity, mutation of a short palindromic motif completely abolished jasmonate responsiveness. This motif shows no homology with the jasmonate-responsive elements of other promoters.