julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Clypeasteroid echinoid tests as benthic islands for gastrochaenid bivalve colonization: evidence from the Middle Miocene of Tarragona, north‐east Spain
2013-02-08

Abstract: Middle Miocene tests of Clypeaster from L’Arrabassada (Tarragona, north‐east Spain) show evidence of intense endoskeletozoan colonization, preserved as borings and associated carbonate secretions that allow gastrochaenid bivalves to be identified as the colonizers. Two modes of occurrence have been recognized for these bivalve dwelling cavities; ‘intrastereom clavate borings’ which are restricted to the echinoid stereom, and ‘semi‐endoskeletal dwellings’, which penetrate across the test wall and extend as carbonate crypts into the sediment fill of the internal test cavity. Their size, density and position rule out a syn‐vivo relationship with the echinoids and demonstrate that colonization was post mortem . Because of the endurance of clypeasteroid skeleton and the pronounced bell‐shaped morphology of Clypeaster , the tests of these echinoids provided the most suitable substrates for hard‐bottom colonizers on an otherwise sandy seafloor. The scenario described from Tarragona can be extended to other Neogene and Quaternary strata elsewhere; there is ample evidence for the long‐term utilization of tests of Clypeaster by gastrochaenid bivalves in shoreface palaeoenvironments.
From spots to beads—PTM‐peptide bead arrays for the characterization of anti‐histone antibodies
2013-02-08

Antibodies that recognize PTMs of histones play a central role in epigenetic proteomic research. Modification‐specific antibodies are employed in chromatin immunoprecipitation, for W estern blotting and during the immunoprecipitation steps for MS‐based global proteomic analyses. Knowledge about the antibodies’ off‐target binding is essential for the interpretation of experimental data. To address this challenge we developed a fast and cost efficient system for generating peptide bead arrays. We employed this method to establish a bead‐based peptide array containing 384 peptides displaying phosphorylated, acetylated, methylated, and citrullinated N‐terminal regions of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 and controls. We profiled the binding of 40 PTM‐specific antibodies important for epigenetic proteomic research.
Transport of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in a one-dimensional optical lattice
2013-02-08

We show that magnetic dipolar interactions can stabilize superfluidity in\\natomic gases but the dipole alignment direction required to achieve this\\nvaries, depending on whether the flow is oscillatory or continuous. If a\\ncondensate is made to oscillate through a lattice, damping of the oscillations\\ncan be reduced by aligning the dipoles perpendicular to the direction of\\nmotion. However, if a lattice is driven continuously through the condensate,\\nsuperfluid behavior is best preserved when the dipoles are aligned parallel to\\nthe direction of motion. We explain these results in terms of the formation of\\ntopological excitations and tunnel barrier heights between lattice sites.\\n
Neurenteric Cysts of the Cerebellopontine Angle
2013-02-08

Neurenteric cysts in the central nervous system are rare developmental malformations. Usually the cysts are located ventral to the high thoracic or low cervical spinal cord. Only a few cases of intracranial neurenteric cysts have been reported in the literature to date. We report two cases of intracranial neurenteric cysts in the cerebellopontine angle with totally different radiographic, macroscopic, and microscopic appearance. As seen in these cases, the imaging spectrum of neurenteric cysts can be diverse, including malignancy-suspecting partial rim-enhancement or low-grade glioma features. Microsurgical therapy should include endoscopic assistance to ensure complete removal of cyst content.
Oral Administration of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor MS-275 Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and Cerebral Amyloidosis and Improves Behavior in a Mouse Model
2013-02-09

Alzheimer disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease and the major cause of dementia. In addition to β-amyloid aggregation and hyperphosphorylated tau, neuroinflammation also plays important roles in the pathophysiology of this multifactorial disorder. Histone deacetylase catalyzes deacetylation of histones and has important roles in the regulation of gene expression. Histone deacetylase inhibitors have been reported to exhibit neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory activities and have therapeutic effects in several animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, an efficient benzamide histone deacetylase inhibitor, MS-275, was orally administered by gavage to transgenic APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of cerebral amyloidosis for Alzheimer disease. After 10 days of treatment, MS-275 significantly ameliorated microglial activation and β-amyloid deposition in cerebral cortex and/or hippocampus. This was associated with improved nesting behavior, an important affiliative/social behavior. MS-275 also attenuated inflammatory activation of a mouse macrophage cell line in vitro. These results suggest that MS-275 may be a therapeutic option for Alzheimer disease and other neuroinflammatory diseases.
Longitudinal Expression Analysis of αv Integrins in Human Gliomas Reveals Upregulation of Integrin αvβ3 as a Negative Prognostic Factor
2013-02-09

Integrin inhibitors targeting αv series integrins are being tested for their therapeutic potential in patients with brain tumors, but pathologic studies have been limited by lack of antibodies suitable for immunohistochemistry (IHC) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. We compared the expression of αv integrins by IHC in brain tumor and normal human brain samples with gene expression data in a public database using new rabbit monoclonal antibodies against αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, and αvβ8 complexes using both manual and automated microscopy analyses. Glial tumors usually shared an αvβ3-positive/αvβ5-positive/αvβ8-positive/αvβ6-negative phenotype. In 94 WHO (World Health Organization) grade II astrocytomas, 85 anaplastic astrocytomas WHO grade III, and 324 glioblastomas from archival sources, expression of integrins generally increased with grade of malignancy. Integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 were expressed in many glioma vessels; the intensity of vascular expression of αvβ3 increased with grade of malignancy, whereas αvβ8 was absent. Analysis of gene expression in an independent cohort showed a similar increase in integrin expression with tumor grade, particularly of ITGB3 and ITGB8; ITGB6 was not expressed, consistent with the IHC data. Parenchymal αvβ3 expression and ITGB3 gene overexpression in glioblastomas were associated with a poor prognosis, as revealed by survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier logrank, p = 0.016). Together, these data strengthen the rationale for anti-integrin treatment of glial tumors.
Hybrid Ultrasound/Magnetic Resonance Simultaneous Acquisition and Image Fusion for Motion Monitoring in the Upper Abdomen
2013-02-09

This study demonstrates that, truly, simultaneous US/MR dynamic acquisition in the abdomen is achievable using clinical instruments. A potential application is the US/MR hybrid guidance of high-intensity focused US therapy in the liver.
Not Enough of a ‘Dark’ Trait? Linking Machiavellianism to Job Performance
2013-02-11

Machiavellianism is typically considered to encompass rather negatively connoted characteristics such as being ruthless, deceitful or self–centred. Concerning its influence on job performance, there have been notions about a positive linear association as well as a negative one. Somewhat reflecting these different views, a recent meta–analysis regarding this link indicated both large variability in respective empirical investigations and no substantial linear association. Herein, we aimed to integrate the theoretical underpinnings of both perspectives of a linear link by proposing an inverted U–shaped relation between Machiavellianism and job performance. Using data from n = 235 dyads of self–rating and colleague rating, results supported this hypothesis with regard to the three dimensions of organisational citizenship behaviour, whereas no support was found with regard to task performance. More precisely, intermediate levels of Machiavellianism yielded the highest organisational citizenship behaviour as compared with both lower and higher levels—although employees with lower levels had outcomes nearly as high as those of employees with intermediate levels. Further, tenure was found to moderate the curvilinear relation between Machiavellianism and organisational citizenship behaviour directed at individuals. In sum, this investigation might help to disentangle different understandings of the effects of Machiavellianism in organisational life and beyond. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology
Magnetic Fields in Superconducting Neutron Stars
2013-02-11

The interior of a neutron star is likely to be predominantly a mixture of superfluid neutrons and superconducting protons. This results in the quantization of the star's magnetic field into an array of thin flux tubes, producing a macroscopic force very different from the Lorentz force of normal matter. We show that in an axisymmetric superconducting equilibrium the behavior of a magnetic field is governed by a single differential equation. Solving this, we present the first self-consistent superconducting neutron star equilibria with poloidal and mixed poloidal-toroidal fields and also give the first quantitative results for the corresponding magnetically induced distortions to the star. The poloidal component is dominant in all our configurations. We suggest that the transition from normal to superconducting matter in a young neutron star may cause a large-scale field rearrangement.
Synthesis of gem‐Diaurated Species from Alkynols
2013-02-11

Abstract A number of enol ether‐derived diaurated species were synthesized directly from different alkynols and cationic gold complexes in the presence of a non‐nucleophilic base (proton sponge). The reaction can be easily applied for in situ generation of diaurated species from all common types of hydroalkoxylation substrates: 5‐ endo , 5‐ exo /6‐ endo , 6‐ exo /7‐ endo and intermolecular types. Six examples were also synthesized in individual state as stable hexafluoroantimonate salts. Whereas diaurated species are obtained reliably from all conventional mononuclear gold catalysts, application of binuclear ones often gave diaurated species with unusual properties. The preliminary results point to complexities of behavior of binuclear gold catalysts and would require more research in future for this subclass. The formation of diaurated species from various gold‐oxo compounds (LAu) 2 OH + , (LAu) 3 O + , and LAuOH (L=phosphine ligand) was also studied. Of these three types, only (LAu) 2 OH + is reactive, whereas (LAu) 3 O + and LAuOH are not reactive alone but require acidic promoters to enable the reaction. These differences in reactivity were explained by ability of these compounds to generate the necessary acetylene π‐complex intermediate.
Staphylococcus aureus subverts cutaneous defense by d‐alanylation of teichoic acids
2013-02-11

Abstract The G ram‐positive bacterium S taphylococcus aureus is a frequent skin colonizer that often causes severe skin infections. It has been reported that neutralizing the negatively charged bacterial surface through the incorporation of d ‐alanine in its teichoic acids confers reduced susceptibility of S . aureus towards cationic antimicrobial peptides ( AMP s). Using a S . aureus strain deficient in d ‐alanylated teichoic acids ( dlt A mutant), we demonstrate that d ‐alanylation of its surface reduces the susceptibility of S . aureus to skin‐derived AMP s such as RN ase 7 and human beta‐defensins. This is accompanied by a higher killing activity of skin extracts towards the S . aureus dlt A mutant as well as towards clinical isolates expressing lower levels of dlt A . We conclude that modulation of cell envelope d ‐alanylation may help S . aureus to persist on human skin through evasion of cutaneous innate defense provided by cationic skin‐derived AMP s.
Chandraobservation of the Galactic supernova remnant CTB 109 (G109.1–1.0)
2013-02-11

Context: We study the X-ray emission of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR)\\nCTB 109 (G109.1-1.0), which is well-known for its enigmatic half-shell\\nmorphology both in radio and in X-rays and is associated with the anomalous\\nX-ray pulsar (AXP) 1E2259+586. Aims: We want to understand the origin of the\\nX-ray bright feature inside the SNR called the Lobe and the details of the\\ninteraction of the SNR shock wave with the ambient interstellar medium (ISM).\\nMethods: The Lobe and the northeastern part of the SNR were observed with\\nChandra ACIS-I. We analysed the spectrum of the X-ray emission by dividing the\\nentire observed emission into small regions. The X-ray emission is best\\nreproduced with one-component or two-component non-equilibrium ionisation\\nmodels depending on the position. In the two-component model one emission\\ncomponent represents the shocked ISM and the other the shocked ejecta. Results:\\nWe detect enhanced element abundances, in particular for Si and Fe, in and\\naround the Lobe. There is one particular region next to the Lobe with a high Si\\nabundance of 3.3 (2.6 - 4.0) times the solar value. This is the first,\\nunequivocal detection of ejecta in CTB 109. Conclusions: The new Chandra data\\nconfirm that the Lobe was created by the interaction of the SNR shock and the\\nsupernova ejecta with dense and inhomogeneous medium in the environment of SNR\\nCTB 109. The newly calculated age of the SNR is t ~ 1.4 x 10^4 yr.\\n
Positive Contrast MR Imaging of Tendons, Ligaments, and Menisci by Subtraction of Signals From a Double Echo Steady State Sequence (Sub‐DESS)
2013-02-11

Purpose To improve the visualization of fibrous tissues as tendons, ligaments and fibrocartilage structures as menisci by positive contrast using a new 3D Double Echo Steady State (DESS) sequence. Methods The proposed 3D DESS sequence works with separate acquisition of a first echo with an echo time (TE 1 ) of 1.2 ms followed by a more heavily T 2 ‐weighted second echo recorded at time TE 2 . Subtraction of images from both echoes leads to positive signal from fibrous tissues, whereas in other tissues as musculature and fat the subtraction signal nearly vanishes due to almost similar signal strength in both echoes. Systematic measurements in healthy volunteers with different sets of pulse repetition time (TR), TE 1 , readout bandwidth and flip angle were performed to determine optimal sequence parameters. Results The presented 3D sequence with Cartesian readout requires relatively short measuring time, provides reasonable signal‐to‐noise ratio and can be easily implemented in protocols for clinical musculoskeletal MR imaging. Degenerative changes or tears of tendons, ligaments and fibrocartilage are known to cause increased water content and therefore prolongation of transverse relaxation times, which leads to reduced signal intensities in the “subtraction images.” Conclusion Positive contrast of fibrous tissue as demonstrated by the proposed sub‐DESS approach provides improved conspicuity and allows for three‐dimensional reconstruction especially of structures with curved geometry. Magn Reson Med 71:294–301, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of the half-life of the two-neutrino double beta decay of76Ge with the GERDA experiment
2013-02-12

The primary goal of the GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN is the search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of Ge-76. High-purity germanium detectors made from material enriched in Ge-76 are operated directly immersed in liquid argon, allowing for a substantial reduction of the background with respect to predecessor experiments. The first 5.04 kg yr of data collected in Phase I of the experiment have been analyzed to measure the half-life of the neutrino-accompanied double beta decay of Ge-76. The observed spectrum in the energy range between 600 and 1800 keV is dominated by the double beta decay of Ge-76. The half-life extracted from GERDA data is T-1/2(2 nu) = (1.84(-0.10)(+0.14)) x 10(21) yr.
Measures of Consciousness
2013-02-12

Abstract Consciousness is now a hot topic in both philosophy and the cognitive sciences, yet there is much controversy over how to measure it. First, it is not clear whether biased subjective reports should be taken as adequate for measuring consciousness, or if more objective measures are required. Ways to benefit from the advantages of both these measures in the form of ‘Type 2’ metacognitive measures are under development, but face criticism. Research into neurophysiological measures of consciousness is potentially very valuable, but often hindered by its dependence on behavioural measures that are themselves controversial. Newer informational measures are theoretically interesting, but as yet not easily applicable, while other measures of consciousness are designed for application in clinical cases (e.g. vegetative state). Although much optimism accompanies research into measures of consciousness, the controversies and methodological problems reviewed here suggest that making progress in this area may be more difficult than is often acknowledged.
Lahorenoic Acids A–C,ortho-Dialkyl-Substituted Aromatic Acids from the Biocontrol StrainPseudomonas aurantiacaPB-St2
2013-02-12

Three new aromatic acids, named lahorenoic acids A (1), B (2), and C (3), have been isolated along with the known compounds phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (4), 2-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid (5), 2-hydroxyphenazine (6), 2,8-dihydroxyphenazine (7), cyclo-Pro-Tyr (8), cyclo-Pro-Val (9), cyclo-Pro-Met (10), and WLIP (11) and characterized from the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas aurantiaca PB-St2. The structures of these compounds were deduced by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and mass spectral data interpretation. Compounds 2, 4, and 7 showed moderate antibacterial activity against mycobacteria and other Gram-positive bacteria, while 4 was also found to exhibit cytotoxic and antifungal properties.
Vagus somatosensory-evoked potentials are prolonged in patients with multiple sclerosis with brainstem involvement
2013-02-12

Vagus somatosensory-evoked potentials (VSEP) were proposed as a neurophysiological indicator of brainstem dysfunction based on prolonged latencies found in Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's disease. We now aimed at a further confirmation of this view independent from neurodegenerative diseases and hypothesized that VSEP in multiple sclerosis with brainstem affection show prolonged latencies, too. In 15 patients with multiple sclerosis according to McDonald and 15 healthy controls after stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve at the tragus (electrical square impulses, impulse width 0.1 ms, interstimulus interval 2 s, intensity 8 mA), evoked potentials were recorded from electrode positions C3-F3, C4-F4, Fz-F3 and Fz-F4. Analysis of variance showed a significant main effect of the factor diagnosis on latency P1 (F(1,24)=7.067, P=0.001), no significant effect for latencies N1 and P2 nor for the amplitudes. A subgroup of patients with signs of brainstem affection showed a trend for longer P1 latencies (F(1,11)=5916, P=0.033) as compared with the group without. We take this result as further hint for VSEP to be generated at brainstem level which needs confirmation in larger-scale studies and other brainstem-affecting diseases. The method could be suitable for the demonstration of the involvement of differential brainstem nuclei in various neurodegenerative diseases.
Global and regional sea surface temperature trends during Marine Isotope Stage 11
2013-02-12

Abstract. The Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 (424–374 ka) was characterized by a protracted deglaciation and an unusually long climatic optimum. It remains unclear to what degree the climate development during this interglacial reflects the unusually weak orbital forcing or greenhouse gas trends. Previously, arguments about the duration and timing of the MIS11 climatic optimum and about the pace of the deglacial warming were based on a small number of key records, which appear to show regional differences. In order to obtain a global signal of climate evolution during MIS11, we compiled a database of 78 sea surface temperature (SST) records from 57 sites spanning MIS11, aligned these individually on the basis of benthic (N = 28) or planktonic (N = 31) stable oxygen isotope curves to a common time-frame and subjected 48 of them to an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The analysis revealed a high commonality among all records, with the principal SST trend explaining almost 49% of the variability. This trend indicates that on the global scale, the surface ocean underwent rapid deglacial warming during Termination V, in pace with carbon dioxide rise, followed by a broad SST optimum centered at ~ 410 kyr. The second EOF, which explained 19% of the variability, revealed the existence of a different SST trend, characterized by a delayed onset of the temperature optimum during MIS11 at ~ 398 kyr, followed by a prolonged warm period lasting beyond 380 kyr. This trend is most consistently manifested in the mid-latitude North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea and is here attributed to the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. A sensitivity analysis indicates that these results are robust to record selection and to age-model uncertainties of up to 3–6 kyr, but more sensitive to SST seasonal attribution and SST uncertainties &gt; 1 °C. In order to assess the effect of orbital forcing on MIS11 SST trends, the annual and seasonal SST anomalies recorded in a total of 74 proxy records were compared with CCSM3 (Community Climate System Model, version 3) runs for three time slices representing orbital configuration extremes during the peak interglacial of MIS11. The modeled SST anomalies are characterized by a significantly lower variance compared to the reconstructions. Nevertheless, significant correlations between proxy and model data are found in comparisons on the seasonal basis, indicating that the model captures part of the long-term variability induced by astronomical forcing, which appears to have left a detectable signature in SST trends.
Transient Loads Occurring over a Thin Airfoil Subjected to Large-Scale Freestream Turbulence
2013-02-12

In order to identify the influence of large-scale freestream turbulence on the transient loads occurring over an airfoil, surface pressures were measured at various chordwise and spanwise stations over a thin flat-plate airfoil. The turbulence intensity was varied from nominally smooth flow conditions (1.2%) to 12.3% while the integral length scale ranged from 0.15 m up to 1.3 m. The individual influence of turbulence intensity and integral length scale on the transient lift, pressure drag, pitching and rolling moments experienced by the airfoil was identified from these representative turbulence conditions. Increase in turbulence intensity resulted in a significant increase in the magnitude of force and pitching moment fluctuations experienced by the airfoil. Similar to the effect of changing turbulence intensity, increase in integral length scale also rendered an increase in lift and pressure drag fluctuations. However the rolling moment fluctuations were smaller at longer length scales. While the increase in force fluctuations at longer length scales has been attributed to the higher peak energy present at lower frequencies at longer length scales, the reduction in rolling moment was due to the increased lateral correlation of the oncoming turbulent eddies.