julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
From Intellectual Investment Trait Theory to Dynamic Intellectual Investment Trait and State Theory: Theory extension, methodological advancement, and empirical illustration
2023-12-02

This paper introduces Dynamic Intellectual Investment Trait and State Theory, an extension of Intellectual Investment Trait Theory. Our theory extension (a) centers on dynamic within-person effects of cognitive performance states on intellectual investment personality states and vice versa (i.e., reciprocal effects), (b) integrates within-person dynamics and developmental trajectories in cognitive abilities and intellectual investment traits, and (c) is embedded in a continuous-time modeling framework. Aligning personality theories with statistical models, we discuss the most appropriate model for testing Dynamic Intellectual Investment Trait and State Theory: a continuous-time model that combines dynamics and trends. We apply the Continuous-time Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals (CT-LCM-SR) in an empirical illustration involving 204 German adults who were assessed roughly 100 times on cognitive abilities (working memory) and intellectual investment personality (interest).
Diagnostic images for mild cognitive impairment reveal biomarker status and abnormal scene processing
2023-12-02

Abstract Research on the impairment of episodic memory in Alzheimer’s disease often focuses on the processes of memory rather than the content of the specific images being remembered. We recently showed that patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Stage 3 of Alzheimer’s disease, can memorize certain images quite well, suggesting that episodic memory is not uniformly impaired. Certain images, on the other hand, could not be memorized by MCI patients and were instead diagnostic for distinguishing MCI from healthy older adults. In this study, we investigate whether poor memory for diagnostic images is related to impaired neural processing in specific brain regions due to Alzheimer’s biomarker pathology. 64 healthy controls and 48 MCI participants in the DELCODE dataset performed a visual scene memory task during fMRI, with CSF Alzheimer’s disease biomarker data collected (i.e., amyloid and tau biomarkers). We found that diagnostic images have larger behavior-biomarker correlations for total tau, phospho-tau, Aβ42/Aβ40, Aβ42/phospho-tau compared to non-diagnostic images, suggesting that memory for these specific images are more affected by Alzheimer’s disease pathology. The fMRI data revealed an interaction effect between group membership (healthy control / MCI) and image diagnosticity (diagnostic / non-diagnostic scene images), with MCI participants having higher activation in scene processing regions (parahippocampal place area, retrosplenial cortex and occipital place area) for diagnostic images than non-diagnostic images. In contrast, healthy controls showed no differences in processing between diagnostic and non-diagnostic images. These results suggest that MCI individuals may engage in inefficiently heightened encoding activation for these diagnostic images. Our results show that special “diagnostic” images exist that can reveal amyloid and tau pathology and differences in neural activity in scene regions.
Nature and the Value of Learning in Classical Chinese Philosophy and in Augustine—A Comparative Study
2023-12-02

This paper compares Augustine’s view on the value of learning to classical Chinese philosophy (Laozi, Confucius, Mengzi, Xunzi, Zhu Xi). While Laozi has a quite negative notion of learning as leading humans away from true nature, most Confucians esteem learning highly as the only way to human perfection. Similar to the Confucians, the early Augustine sees knowledge and learning as a way for humans to ascend to divine truth. In his mature works, however, Augustine points out more clearly the dangers of learning: it can make humans proud instead of humble, causing them to rely on their own power instead of confessing their weakness and their need for divine grace. His hesitations on the value of learning bear some similarity to Laozi’s view.
The Pleistocene grassland-dominated mammal fauna from Tham Kra Duk (Nakhon Si Thammarat, Peninsular Thailand)
2023-12-03

ABSTRACTControversy exists as to whether the Pleistocene vegetation in northern Sundaland was dominated by lowland tropical grasslands or rainforests, due to limited palaeoecological evidence recorded from the region. We describe a new Pleistocene large mammal fauna from Tham Kra Duk, a cave in the Tham Phedan mountain, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in Peninsular Thailand, with emphasis on its palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental investigations using the stable isotope analysis of mammalian tooth enamel. The fossil site has yielded at least nine mammalian taxa almost comparable to late middle to latest Pleistocene faunas in the mainland, thus suggesting the same biogeographic mammal elements with a range extension south of the Kra Isthmus. The stable isotope results indicate that mixed woodland to grassland ecosystems were dominated by C4 vegetation in the area. This supports the assumption that the expansion of Pleistocene tropical savanna ecosystems might have held the key to facilitating the southward distribution range of grazing mammals such as gaurs and Himalayan gorals into the Thai-Malay Peninsula. The presence of the Tham Kra Duk fauna was probably linked to some major biogeographic events of Pleistocene hominin and mammal migration through the land-bridge peninsula into the islands of Southeast Asia during a period of glaciation.KEYWORDS: Spotted hyaenastable carbon isotopepalaeoecologyTham PhedanSundaic subregionQuaternary AcknowledgmentsWe thank geologists and technicians from the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) who participated in fieldwork activities: Mana Rugbumrung, Cherdchan Pothichaiya, Thapanee Pengtha, Russarint Siripattarapureenon, Nattanakorn Songpracha, Prasopsook Sritangwong and Jirasak Charoenmit. We also thank Satapat Kumpitak (Chulalongkorn University) and Manatthawut Chusaeng (Krabi Caving Club) for their fieldwork assistance as well as Peter Tung (University of Tübingen) for stable isotope analytical techniques and works with the mass spectrometer. Our grateful thanks are expressed to the Krung Yan Subdistrict Administrative Organization (Thung Yai District, Nakhon Si Thammarat) for allowing us to excavate fossils at the site. We would like to express our gratitude to Hugues-Alexandre Blain and two anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions helped improve and clarify this manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2023.2283936Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Fundamental Fund (FF) 2022 (Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund, Chulalongkorn University) [CU_FRB65_dis (13)_101_23_31]. The costs of stable isotope analyses were partially funded by the Georg Forster Research fellowship (Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany) to K.S. (between 2018 and 2020).
Adaptive stretching of representations across brain regions and deep learning model layers
2023-12-03

Abstract Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is known to modulate the visual system to favor goal-relevant information by accentuating task-relevant stimulus dimensions. Does the brain broadly re-configures itself to optimize performance by stretching visual representations along task-relevant dimensions? We considered a task that required monkeys to selectively attend on a trial-by-trial basis to one of two dimensions (color or motion direction) to make a decision. Except for V4 (color bound) and MT (motion bound), the brain radically re-configured itself to stretch representations along task-relevant dimensions in lateral PFC, frontal eye fields (FEF), lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP), and inferotemporal cortex (IT). Spike timing was crucial to this code. A deep learning model was trained on the same visual input and rewards as the monkeys. Despite lacking an explicit selective attention or other control mechanism, the model displayed task-relevant stretching as a consequence of error minimization, indicating that stretching is an adaptive strategy.
Postoperative Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Ankle: A Survey Among German-Speaking Foot and Ankle Surgeons
2023-12-03

Objective To assess the current treatment of osteochondral lesions of the ankle (OCLA) by German-speaking foot and ankle surgeons, focusing on the management of postoperative care and rehabilitation. Design A questionnaire was created by a panel of 4 experienced foot and ankle surgeons on behalf of the “Clinical Tissue Regeneration” (CTR) working group of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (DGOU), and distributed electronically to members of the CTR, participants of the German Cartilage Registry (Knorpelregister DGOU©), and members of 6 German-speaking orthopedics or sports medicine societies. Results were classified depending on the consensus within the answers (agreement ≥75% “strong tendency,” 50%-74% “tendency,” 25%-49% “weak tendency,” &lt;25% “no tendency”). Results A total of 60 participants returned the questionnaire. The main results are as follows: regarding the frequency of surgical procedures for OCLA, refixation of the fragment, retrograde drilling, and bone marrow stimulation with or without using a matrix were performed by at least 75% of the surgeons and was considered a strong tendency. There was a strong tendency to stabilize the ankle (76.7%) and perform corrective osteotomies (51.7%). In total, 75.5% and 75% of the surgeons performed bone marrow stimulation with and without using a matrix, respectively. Corrective osteotomy and ankle stabilization were performed in 64.5% and 65.2% cases, respectively. Most participants included published recommendations on postoperative rehabilitation and the return to sports activities in their postoperative management. The main surgical procedures were considered the most critical factor in influencing the postoperative management by 81% of the participants (strong tendency). Adjunct surgical procedures such as corrective osteotomy and stabilization of the ankle were considered important by 67.8% of the respondents (tendency). Conclusions The management of OCLA varies among German-speaking foot and ankle surgeons. Therefore, guidelines remain essential to standardize the management of OCLA, to achieve improved and stable results. This survey will assist clinicians and patients with rehabilitation to return to sports after treating the ankle’s cartilage injury.
Evaluation of the SSTR2-targeted Radiopharmaceutical 177Lu-DOTATATE and SSTR2-specific 68Ga-DOTATATE PET as Imaging Biomarker in Patients with Intracranial Meningioma
2023-12-04

Abstract Purpose: There are no effective medical therapies for patients with meningioma who progress beyond surgical and radiotherapeutic interventions. Somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) represents a promising treatment target in meningiomas. In this multicenter, single-arm phase II clinical study (NCT03971461), the SSTR2-targeting radiopharmaceutical 177Lu-DOTATATE is evaluated for its feasibility, safety, and therapeutic efficacy in these patients. Patients and Methods: Adult patients with progressive intracranial meningiomas received 177Lu-DOTATATE at a dose of 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) every eight weeks for four cycles. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET-MRI was performed before and six months after the start of the treatment. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months (PFS-6). Secondary endpoints were safety and tolerability, overall survival (OS) at 12 months (OS-12), median PFS, and median OS. Results: Fourteen patients (female = 11, male = 3) with progressive meningiomas (WHO 1 = 3, 2 = 10, 3 = 1) were enrolled. Median age was 63.1 (range 49.7–78) years. All patients previously underwent tumor resection and at least one course of radiation. Treatment with 177Lu-DOTATATE was well tolerated. Seven patients (50%) achieved PFS-6. Best radiographic response by modified Macdonald criteria was stable disease (SD) in all seven patients. A &amp;gt;25% reduction in 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake (PET) was observed in five meningiomas and two patients. In one lesion, this corresponded to &amp;gt;50% reduction in bidirectional tumor measurements (MRI). Conclusions: Treatment with 177Lu-DOTATATE was well tolerated. The predefined PFS-6 threshold was met in this interim analysis, thereby allowing this multicenter clinical trial to continue enrollment. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET may be a useful imaging biomarker to assess therapeutic outcome in patients with meningioma.
Quantum reaction-limited reaction-diffusion dynamics of annihilation processes
2023-12-04

We investigate the quantum reaction-diffusion dynamics of fermionic particles which coherently hop in a one-dimensional lattice and undergo annihilation reactions. The latter are modelled as dissipative processes which involve losses of pairs 2A→∅, triplets 3A→∅, and quadruplets 4A→∅ of neighboring particles. When considering classical particles, the corresponding decay of their density in time follows an asymptotic power-law behavior. The associated exponent in one dimension is different from the mean-field prediction whenever diffusive mixing is not too strong and spatial correlations are relevant. This specifically applies to 2A→∅, while the mean-field power-law prediction just acquires a logarithmic correction for 3A→∅ and is exact for 4A→∅. A mean-field approach is also valid, for all the three processes, when the diffusive mixing is strong, i.e., in the so-called reaction-limited regime. Here we show that the picture is different for quantum systems. We consider the quantum reaction-limited regime and we show that for all the three processes power-law behavior beyond mean field is present as a consequence of quantum coherences, which are not related to space dimensionality. The decay in 3A→∅ is further, highly intricate, since the power-law behavior therein only appears within an intermediate time window, while at long times the density decay is not power law. Our results show that emergent critical behavior in quantum dynamics has a markedly different origin, based on quantum coherences, to that applying to classical critical phenomena, which is, instead, solely determined by the relevance of spatial correlations.
Novel dihydropteridinone derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of the understudied human vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1)
2023-12-04

The human Vaccinia-Related Kinase 1 (VRK1) is highly expressed in various tumor types and plays important roles in cell proliferation and the maintenance of genome integrity. While prior genetic studies indicate that VRK1 inhibition offers therapeutic potential, especially in cancers deficient in VRK2 expression or DNA damage repair, the current lack of suitable VRK1 inhibitors hampers the validation of this kinase as a therapeutic target and the translation of these findings to the clinic. Here, we developed novel VRK1 inhibitors based on BI-D1870, a pteridinone inhibitor of RSK kinases. Our optimized VRK1 inhibitor displays improved kinome-wide selectivity, and effectively mimic cellular outcomes of VRK1 depletion. Notably, VRK1 inhibition triggered severe mitotic errors and genome instability in p53-deficient cells. Together, our findings highlight the potential of VRK1 inhibition in treating p53-deficient tumors and possibly enhancing the efficacy of existing cancer therapies that target DNA stability or cell division.
THE STUDY OF X-RAY SPECTRUM OF COMA GALAXY CLUSTER
2023-12-04

The X-ray spectrum of the Coma galaxy cluster was studied using the data from the XMM-Newton observatory. We combined 7 observations performed with the MOS camera of XMM-Newton in the 40′ × 40′ region centered at the Coma cluster. The analyzed observations were performed in 2000–2005 and have a total duration of 196 ksec. We focus on the analysis of the MOS camera spectra due to their lower affection by strong instrumental line-like background. The obtained spectrum was fitted with a model including contributions from the Solar system/Milky Way hot plasma and a power law X-ray background. The contribution of the instrumental background was modeled as a power law (not convolved with the effective area) and a number of Gaussian lines. The contribution from the Coma cluster was modeled with a single-temperature hot plasma emission. In addition, we searched for possible non-thermal radiation present in the vicinity of the center of the Coma cluster, originating e.g. from synchrotron emission of relativistic electrons on a turbulent magnetic field. We compared the results with previous works by other authors and spectra obtained from other instruments that operate in the similar energy range of 1−10 keV. Careful and detailed spectrum analysis shall be a necessary contribution to our future work – searching for axion-like dark matter particles’ manifestations in the Coma cluster.
Early Chariots and Religion in South-East Europe and the Aegean During the Bronze Age: A Reappraisal of the Dupljaja Chariot in Context
2023-12-04

The iconic Dupljaja chariot model from the Carpathian Basin informs us on cosmologies and technologies of Bronze Age societies in Europe between 1600 and 1200 BC. It communicates key elements of religious imagery and ritual practice alongside technical features of working chariots. Through a detailed reappraisal employing use-wear, compositional, and iconographic analyses as well as 3D modelling of the chariot model, the authors explore the social context of its creation and use. Integrating functional wheels with four spokes and iconographic depictions of the similar cross-in-circle symbol, the Dupljaja chariot combines and cross-references motifs with pan-European relevance in the Bronze Age. The study aims to better understand the interplay between the local and regional context of the Dupljaja chariot and how its distinct features arose from the material and ideological networks defining later Bronze Age Europe.
Revisiting the Neurocognitive Correlates of the Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems
2023-12-04

The Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) are cornerstones of neurobehavioral research. Personality scales have been developed to capture the behavioral and motivational tendencies associated with these systems, and many studies have attempted to link these scales with basic neurocognitive processes. The results, however, have been inconclusive. Here, we aim to replicate a seminal study on this topic by Amodio et al. (2008), in which the authors used a Go/No-Go task to test the association of the trait BIS with cognitive control and the BAS trait with approach tendency. The authors found significant correlations that were mutually exclusive from each other; BAS did not correlate with measures of cognitive control, and BIS did not correlated with measures of approach tendency. Despite the paper’s high citation frequency and influence on the field, there has been no direct replication to date. These factors motivated the inclusion of this study in the #EEGManyLabs project, an international community-driven effort to replicate influential EEG results and this registered report forms a part of this initiative. Following the original study, a Go/No-Go experiment will be performed with a total of 320 participants across eight replicating labs. EEG will be recorded both during the experiment and in an eight-minute resting period. Target variables are the amplitude of the N2 during a successfully inhibited response, the amplitude of the error-related negativity (ERN) after an erroneous response, left frontal asymmetry (LFA) during rest, and trait BIS/BAS measured by the Carver and White questionnaire. Both Pearson’s and Spearman rank sum correlations, as well as regression analyses will be used to test the hypotheses that trait BIS is associated with ERN and N2 amplitudes, and that trait BAS is associated with LFA during rest.
Experimental Reconstructions of the Mammoth Ivory Flute from Geißenklösterle Cave (GK3) and Other Palaeolithic Wind Instruments from South-West Germany
2023-12-04

The present paper provides a multidisciplinary approach integrating musicological, acoustical, and manufacturing aspects to the archaeological study of the mammoth ivory instrument from Geißenklösterle Cave (GK3). We present information on the archaeological background and the find history, and new insights into the playing technique of the instrument, confirming that GK3 was designed as a flute with a notch (M. Malina, S. C. Münzel). Subsequently, physical parameters causing pitch variability in general and their impact on the response of the low register of extended reconstructions are explored (G. Dalferth), before actual experiences of the chaîne opératoire of the GK3 ivory instrument are supplied (W. Hein). Due to its incompleteness, this Palaeolithic instrument allows for variability in reconstructing. A comparative tonal analysis of eight GK3 reconstructions in different lengths was conducted (A. F. Potengowski), offering new clues to possible musical intervals of the original instrument. Finally, the requirements for future research are considered.
Distinct secretomes in p16- and p21- positive senescent cells across tissues
2023-12-05

SUMMARY Senescent cells drive age-related tissue dysfunction via the induction of a chronic senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 Cip1 and p16 Ink4a have long served as markers of cellular senescence. However, their individual roles remain incompletely elucidated. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive examination of multiple single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets spanning both murine and human tissues during aging. Our analysis revealed that p21 Cip1 and p16 Ink4a transcripts demonstrate significant heterogeneity across distinct cell types and tissues, frequently exhibiting a lack of co-expression. Moreover, we identified tissue-specific variations in SASP profiles linked to p21 Cip1 or p16 Ink4a expression. Our study underscores the extraordinary diversity of cellular senescence and the SASP, emphasizing that these phenomena are inherently cell- and tissue-dependent. However, a few SASP factors consistently contribute to a shared “core” SASP. These findings highlight the need for a more nuanced investigation of senescence across a wide array of biological contexts.
How should the advent of large language models affect the practice of science?
2023-12-05

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly incorporated into scientific workflows. However, we have yet to fully grasp the implications of this integration. How should the advent of large language models affect the practice of science? For this opinion piece, we have invited four diverse groups of scientists to reflect on this query, sharing their perspectives and engaging in debate. Schulz et al. make the argument that working with LLMs is not fundamentally different from working with human collaborators, while Bender et al. argue that LLMs are often misused and over-hyped, and that their limitations warrant a focus on more specialized, easily interpretable tools. Marelli et al. emphasize the importance of transparent attribution and responsible use of LLMs. Finally, Botvinick and Gershman advocate that humans should retain responsibility for determining the scientific roadmap. To facilitate the discussion, the four perspectives are complemented with a response from each group. By putting these different perspectives in conversation, we aim to bring attention to important considerations within the academic community regarding the adoption of LLMs and their impact on both current and future scientific practices.