julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
The Role of Family Characteristics for Students’ Academic Outcomes: A Person‐Centered Approach
2017-04-17

Using data from 1,571 ninth‐grade students ( M age = 14.62) from 82 academic track schools in Germany and their predominantly Caucasian middle‐class parents, configurations of different family characteristics reported by parents were investigated. Latent profile analyses considering academic involvement, family interest, parents’ self‐concept, child's need for support, and parents’ time and energy identified average, indifferent, motivated and engaged, motivated and disengaged, and involved families. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations with students’ motivational (self‐concept, effort, and interest) and achievement outcomes (achievement test and grades) in math were analyzed. Students from families classified as motivated and disengaged showed higher initial levels motivation and achievement. Over 5 months, these students also showed an increase in self‐concept and higher achievement than students from other family types.
On Moving Averages, Histograms and Time-DependentRates for Online Measurement
2017-04-17

Moving averages (MAs) are often used in adaptive systems to monitor the state during operation. Their output is used as input for control purposes. There are multiple methods with different ability, complexity, and parameters. We propose a framework for the definition of MAs and develop performance criteria, e.g., the concept of memory, that allow to parameterize different methods in a comparable way. Moreover, we identify deficiencies of frequently used methods and propose corrections. We extend MAs to moving histograms which facilitate the approximation of time-dependent quantiles. We further extend the framework to rate measurement, discuss various approaches, and propose a novel method which reveals excellent properties. The proposed concepts help to visualize time-dependent data and to simplify design, parametrization, and evaluation of technical control systems.
China’s emerging demand and development of a key base metal: Zinc in the Ming and early Qing, c. 1400–1680s
2017-04-17

The history of zinc in general and its contribution to China’s material culture during the late Ming and early Qing period in particular is obscure. Specific issues have remained understudied, especially the historical demand for and production of this metal, as well as the locations of zinc mines. This article is the result of collaborative research that approaches these issues by employing and examining the historical development of zinc’s commodity chain, in general, and by focusing on the early demand, in particular, for this metal. The authors discuss the emergence of demand for metallic zinc as a mint metal in the Ming, which spatially influenced the development and shift of zinc mining development from Guangdong province northwards and finally to Guizhou province in the Ming–Qing transition. Based upon primary Chinese texts, this article geographically situates the locations of zinc bearing ore (calamine) deposits that directly resulted in investing and developing zinc mines over this period.
Demo
2017-04-17

TSOMpy is a Python library for online measurement of time series, i.e., it provides functions to calculate moving averages, moving histograms, and time-dependent rates. The demo illustrates various methods for these concepts and points out their differences. The tool can be used to apply online measurement to time series randomly generated according to specified stochastic processes or to own data sets. The library furthermore allows the reproduction of the tables and figures presented in [1].
Potassium C–F Interactions and the Structural Consequences in N,N′-Bis(2,6-difluorophenyl)formamidinate Complexes
2017-04-17

Treatment of K[N(SiMe3)2] with N,N′-bis(2,6-difluorophenyl)formamidine (DFFormH) in toluene, resulted in the formation of [K(DFForm)]∞ (1) as a poorly soluble material. Upon dissolution in thf and layering with n-hexane, 1 was crystallised and identified as a two-dimensional polymer, in which all fluorine and nitrogen atoms, and also part of one aryl group, bridge between four symmetry equivalent potassium ions, giving rise to a completely unique μ4-(N,N′,F,F′):(N,N′):η4(Ar-C(2,3,4,5,6)):(F′′,F′′′) DFForm coordination. The two-dimensional nature of the polymer could be deconstructed to one dimension by crystallisation from neat thf at −35 °C, giving [K2(DFForm)2(thf)2]∞ (2), where the thf molecules bridge the monomeric units. Complete polymer dissociation was observed when 1 was crystallised from toluene/n-hexane mixtures in the presence of 18-crown-6, giving [K(DFForm)(18-crown-6)] (3), which showed unprecedented κ(N,Cispo,F) DFForm coordination, rather than the expected κ(N,N′) coordination.
Associated production of a dilepton and a ϒ(J/ψ) at the LHC as a probe of gluon transverse momentum dependent distributions
2017-04-18

We discuss the impact on the study of gluon transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMDs) of the associated production of a lepton pair and a Υ (or a J/ψ) in unpolarised proton–proton collisions, pp→Qll ̄X, at LHC energies, where one can assume that such final states are dominantly induced by gluon fusion. If the transverse momentum of the quarkonium–dilepton system – namely, the transverse momentum imbalance of the quarkonium state and the lepton pair – is small, the corresponding cross sections can be calculated within the framework of TMD factorisation. Using the helicity formalism, we show in detail how these cross sections are connected to the moments of two independent TMDs: the distribution of unpolarised gluons, f1 g, and the distribution of linearly polarised gluons, h1 ⊥g. We complete our exhaustive derivation of these general relations with a phenomenological analysis of the feasibility of the TMD extraction, as well as some outlooks.
Availability and affordability of antimalarial and antibiotic medicines in Malawi
2017-04-18

Continued efforts are required to improve the availability of essential medicines in Malawi. The free provision of medicines in the public health care system remains important in order to achieve universal health coverage, due to the low income in this country.
Physiological characterization of a halotolerant anoxygenic phototrophic Fe(II)-oxidizing green-sulfur bacterium isolated from a marine sediment
2017-04-18

Anoxygenic photoautotrophic bacteria which use light energy and electrons from Fe(II) for growth, so-called photoferrotrophs, are suggested to have been amongst the first phototrophic microorganisms on Earth and to have contributed to the deposition of sedimentary iron mineral deposits, i.e. banded iron formations. To date only two isolates of marine photoferrotrophic bacteria exist, both of which are closely related purple non-sulfur bacteria. Here we present a novel green-sulfur photoautotrophic Fe(II) oxidizer isolated from a marine coastal sediment, Chlorobium sp. strain N1, which is closely related to the freshwater green-sulfur bacterium Chlorobium luteolum DSM273 that is incapable of Fe(II) oxidation. Besides Fe(II), our isolated strain grew phototrophically with other inorganic and organic substrates such as sulfide, hydrogen, lactate or yeast extract. Highest Fe(II) oxidation rates were measured at pH 7.0-7.3, the temperature optimum was 25°C. Mössbauer spectroscopy identified ferrihydrite as the main Fe(III) mineral and fluorescence and helium-ion microscopy revealed cell-mineral aggregates without obvious cell encrustation. In summary, our study showed that the new isolate is physiologically adapted to the conditions of its natural habitat but also to conditions as proposed for early Earth and is thus a suitable model organism for further studies addressing phototrophic Fe(II) oxidation on early Earth.
Arabidopsis 14-3-3 epsilon members contribute to polarity of PIN auxin carrier and auxin transport-related development
2017-04-19

Eukaryotic 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in the regulation of diverse biological processes by phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interactions. The Arabidopsis genome encodes two groups of 14-3-3s, one of which – epsilon – is thought to fulfill conserved cellular functions. Here, we assessed the in vivo role of the ancestral 14-3-3 epsilon group members. Their simultaneous and conditional repression by RNA interference and artificial microRNA in seedlings led to altered distribution patterns of the phytohormone auxin and associated auxin transport-related phenotypes, such as agravitropic growth. Moreover, 14-3-3 epsilon members were required for pronounced polar distribution of PIN-FORMED auxin efflux carriers within the plasma membrane. Defects in defined post-Golgi trafficking processes proved causal for this phenotype and might be due to lack of direct 14-3-3 interactions with factors crucial for membrane trafficking. Taken together, our data demonstrate a fundamental role for the ancient 14-3-3 epsilon group members in regulating PIN polarity and plant development.
Combined activity of temozolomide and the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus in metastatic melanoma involves DKK1
2017-04-19

Abstract The BRAFV 600E inhibitor vemurafenib achieves remarkable clinical responses in patients with BRAF ‐mutant melanoma, but its effects are limited by the onset of drug resistance. In the case of resistance, chemotherapy can still be applied as second line therapy. However, it yields low response rates and strategies are urgently needed to potentiate its effects. In a previous study, we showed that the inhibition of the PI 3K‐ AKT ‐ mTOR pathway significantly increases sensitivity of melanoma cells to chemotherapeutic drugs ( J. Invest. Dermatol . 2009 , 129 , 1500). In this study, the combination of the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus with the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide significantly increases growth inhibition and apoptosis in melanoma cells compared to temsirolimus or temozolomide alone. The combination of temozolomide with temsirolimus is not only effective in established but also in newly isolated and vemurafenib‐resistant metastatic melanoma cell lines. These effects are associated with the downregulation of the anti‐apoptotic protein Mcl‐1 and the upregulation of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf homologue 1 ( DKK 1). Knock‐down of DKK 1 suppresses apoptosis induction by the combination of temsirolimus and temozolomide. These data suggest that the inhibition of the mTOR pathway increases sensitivity of melanoma cells towards temozolomide. Chemosensitisation is associated with enhanced expression of the Wnt antagonist DKK1.
Non-monotonic spatial structure of inter-neuronal correlations in prefrontal microcircuits
2017-04-19

Abstract Correlated fluctuations of single neuron discharges, on a mesoscopic scale, decrease as a function of lateral distance in early sensory cortices, reflecting a rapid spatial decay of lateral connection probability and excitation. However, spatial periodicities in horizontal connectivity and associational input as well as an enhanced probability of lateral excitatory connections in the association cortex could theoretically result in non-monotonic correlation structures. Here we show such a spatially non-monotonic correlation structure, characterized by significantly positive long-range correlations, in the inferior convexity of the macaque prefrontal cortex. This functional connectivity kernel was more pronounced during wakefulness than anesthesia and could be largely attributed to the spatial pattern of correlated variability between functionally similar neurons during structured visual stimulation. These results suggest that the spatial decay of lateral functional connectivity is not a common organizational principle of neocortical microcircuits. A non-monotonic correlation structure could reflect a critical topological feature of prefrontal microcircuits, facilitating their role in integrative processes. Significance statement The spatial structure of correlated activity of neurons in lower-order visual areas has been shown to linearly decrease as a measure of distance. The shape of correlated variability is a defining feature of cortical microcircuits as it constrains the computational power and diversity of a region. We show here for the first time a non-monotonic spatial structure of functional connectivity in the pre-frontal cortex where distal interactions are just as strong as proximal interactions during visual engagement of functionally similar PFC neurons. Such a nonmonotonic structure of functional connectivity could have far-reaching consequences in rethinking the nature and the role of prefrontal microcircuits in various cognitive states.
Fragen zum Stand der Forschung in der islamischen Religionspädagogik in Deutschland. Freundschaftliche Anmerkungen aus der Sicht eines evangelischen Religionspädagogen
2017-04-19

This article considers the state of the art of research in Islamic religious education in Germany from a perspective of Protestant religious education and, in this sense, an external perspective. This aim is not pursued in the shape of a report on existing publications but with general considerations concerning the theory or philosophy of science. Different approaches as well as different thematic fields of religious education research are discussed as well as the understanding of religious education as an academic discipline.
Qualitative Untersuchungsergebnisse zur Gottesbeziehung von muslimischen Kindern als Basis für die theoretische Grundlegung einer Kindertheologie im Islamischen Religionsunterricht
2017-04-19

The following article deals with a theoretical foundation of a children's theology in Islamic Religious Education. From the presentation of a children's theology in the Christian context, challenges facing Islamic Education are formulated, to which the empirical results of the study provide solutions. The question whether in Islamic Religious Education Muslim children are taken seriously as theologi-cal subjects and whether a children's theology and, in particular, the theology made by children has a meaningful place in Islamic Religious Education. The results of the study reveal that Muslim children develop their individual religious views according to their personal life experiences and decisions. The narratives of God by different theological schools of thought, such as those of the Muʿtazila and Ašʿarīya, are reflected in the children's narratives of God. What this study brings to the fore is that a children's theology and especially a theology made by children, provides the opportunity for them to enter into a discussion with the Islamic tradition. In doing so, the ability of "thinking about religious thinking in a self-reflective way" can be encouraged, as Friedrich Schweitzer demands for a children's theology. The following article is based on the results of an empirical study (Die Selbstrelationierung muslimischer Kinder zu Gott – "The Positions of Muslim Children towards God")2, but further develops these under the main objective of seeking to lay a theoretical foundation for a children's theology in Islamic Religious Education.
Methanediide Formation via Hydrogen Elimination in Magnesium versus Aluminium Hydride Complexes of a Sterically Demanding Bis(iminophosphoranyl)methanediide
2017-04-19

Substituted bis(iminophosphoranyl)methanes are CH acidic compounds that can form complexes with formally dianionic central carbon centres. The reaction of H2C(Ph2P=NDip)2 (&amp;equiv; H2L), Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, with one equivalent of di-n-butylmagnesium afforded the methanide complex [HLMgnBu] 1. Treatment of complex 1 with phenylsilane in aromatic solvents at elevated temperatures afforded the methanediide complex [(LMg)2] 2 presumably via the MgH intermediate [(HLMgH)n] (n = 1 or 2). The reaction of 1 with LiAlH4 in diethyl ether yielded the AlH complex [HLAlH2] 3. Alternatively, this complex was also obtained from the reaction of H2L with AlH3∙NMe3. The molecular structures of [HLMgnBu] 1, [(LMg)2] 2, and [HLAlH2] 3 are reported. Complex 3 shows no sign of H2 elimination to a methanediide species at elevated temperatures in contrast to the facile elimination of the putative reaction intermediate [(HLMgH)n] (n = 1 or 2) to form [(LMg)2] 2. The chemical properties of complex 2 were investigated and this complex appears to be stable against coordination with strong donor molecules.
The Antibiotic Resistant Target Seeker (ARTS), an exploration engine for antibiotic cluster prioritization and novel drug target discovery
2017-04-20

With the rise of multi-drug resistant pathogens and the decline in number of potential new antibiotics in development there is a fervent need to reinvigorate the natural products discovery pipeline. Most antibiotics are derived from secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms and plants. To avoid suicide, an antibiotic producer harbors resistance genes often found within the same biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) responsible for manufacturing the antibiotic. Existing mining tools are excellent at detecting BGCs or resistant genes in general, but provide little help in prioritizing and identifying gene clusters for compounds active against specific and novel targets. Here we introduce the 'Antibiotic Resistant Target Seeker' (ARTS) available at https://arts.ziemertlab.com. ARTS allows for specific and efficient genome mining for antibiotics with interesting and novel targets. The aim of this web server is to automate the screening of large amounts of sequence data and to focus on the most promising strains that produce antibiotics with new modes of action. ARTS integrates target directed genome mining methods, antibiotic gene cluster predictions and 'essential gene screening' to provide an interactive page for rapid identification of known and putative targets in BGCs.
TAPBPR bridges UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 onto MHC class I to provide quality control in the antigen presentation pathway
2017-04-20

Recently, we revealed that TAPBPR is a peptide exchange catalyst that is important for optimal peptide selection by MHC class I molecules. Here, we asked whether any other co-factors associate with TAPBPR, which would explain its effect on peptide selection. We identify an interaction between TAPBPR and UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 (UGT1), a folding sensor in the calnexin/calreticulin quality control cycle that is known to regenerate the Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 moiety on glycoproteins. Our results suggest the formation of a multimeric complex, dependent on a conserved cysteine at position 94 in TAPBPR, in which TAPBPR promotes the association of UGT1 with peptide-receptive MHC class I molecules. We reveal that the interaction between TAPBPR and UGT1 facilities the reglucosylation of the glycan on MHC class I molecules, promoting their recognition by calreticulin. Our results suggest that in addition to being a peptide editor, TAPBPR improves peptide optimisation by promoting peptide-receptive MHC class I molecules to associate with the peptide-loading complex.
Some properties of p-curves, with an application to gradual publication bias.
2017-04-20

p-curves provide a useful window for peeking into the file drawer in a way that might reveal p-hacking (Simonsohn, Nelson, & Simmons, 2014a). The properties of p-curves are commonly investigated by computer simulations. On the basis of these simulations, it has been proposed that the skewness of this curve can be used as a diagnostic tool to decide whether the significant p values within a certain domain of research suggest the presence of p-hacking or actually demonstrate that there is a true effect. Here we introduce a rigorous mathematical approach that allows the properties of p-curves to be examined without simulations. This approach allows the computation of a p-curve for any statistic whose sampling distribution is known and thereby allows a thorough evaluation of its properties. For example, it shows under which conditions p-curves would exhibit the shape of a monotone decreasing function. In addition, we used weighted distribution functions to analyze how 2 different types of publication bias (i.e., cliff effects and gradual publication bias) influence the shapes of p-curves. The results of 2 survey experiments with more than 1,000 participants support the existence of a cliff effect at p = .05 and also suggest that researchers tend to be more likely to recommend submission of an article as the level of statistical significance increases beyond this p level. This gradual bias produces right-skewed p-curves mimicking the existence of real effects even when no such effects are actually present. (PsycINFO Database Record
Information ranks highest: Expectations of female adolescents with a rare genital malformation towards health care services
2017-04-20

The disparity between experience of care and attribution as best practice detected describes areas of action in all domains involved, highlighting information related fields. New concepts and structures for health care in orphan diseases could draw upon these patient-oriented results a) regarding orphan-disease specific elements demanding institutionalized reimbursement, b) essential elements for center care and corresponding networks, and c) elements reflecting patients ́ participation in the conception of centers for rare diseases.
Giant crystalline anisotropic magnetoresistance in nonmagnetic perovskite oxide heterostructures
2017-04-20

Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) was observed by Lord Kelvin one-and-half centuries ago in iron and nickel. The resistance of these ferromagnetic conductors showed a few percent change when a magnetic field was applied along or across the current. Subsequently, a 20% AMR was demonstrated in alloys of nickel and iron (permalloys). Efforts have then been devoted to extend this effect in multifunctional materials. The oxide heterostructure exhibiting two-dimensional electron liquid is one of the potential candidates as it has shown to exhibit emergent magnetic ordering, strong spin-orbit interactions, and anisotropic magnetoresistance. Here we show a giant crystalline AMR as large as 57% to 104% in anisotropic quantum wells based on nonmagnetic perovskite oxides and , providing an alternative way in tailoring AMR with an extremely large effect. The AMR maximum appears when the magnetic field points along the in-plane direction, irrespective of the direction of current flow, which is consistent with the idea of crystalline AMR. Data analysis and density functional theory calculation show that the observed giant crystalline AMR mainly originates from the strong anisotropic spin-orbit field at the interface due to its unique elliptical Fermi surface related to its orbital configuration and reconstruction. This work demonstrates that perovskite oxide interface is a unique platform for orbital physics.
Seasonal variation in sports participation
2017-04-20

This study explores indicators describing socio-demographics, sports participation characteristics and motives which are associated with variation in sports participation across seasons. Data were drawn from the German Socio-Economic Panel which contains detailed information on the sports behaviour of adults in Germany. Overall, two different measures of seasonal variation are developed and used as dependent variables in our regression models. The first variable measures the coefficient of (seasonal) variation in sport-related energy expenditure per week. The second variable measures whether activity drops below the threshold as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results suggest that the organisational setting, the intensity and number of sports practised, and the motive for participation are strongly correlated with the variation measures used. For example, both, participation in a sports club and a commercial facility, are associated with reduced seasonal variation and a significantly higher probability of participating at a volume above the WHO threshold across all seasons. These findings give some impetus for policymaking and the planning of sports programmes as well as future research directions.