julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Substitute infinitives and Oberfeld placement of auxiliaries in German subordinate clauses: A synchronic and diachronic corpus study using the CLARIN research infrastructure
2016-05-25

The historical development and the linguistic triggering environments for Oberfeld formation in German subordinate clauses represent long-standing research questions in Germanic Linguistics, dating at least as far back as Jacob Grimm's famous Deutsche Grammatik. The present corpus study traces this historical development back to the 17th century. The study is based on three text corpora. For contemporary German, two syntactically annotated newspaper corpora were consulted: the TüBa-D/Z and TüPP-D/Z treebanks,1 which provide linguistic annotations for articles published in the daily newspaper die tageszeitung (taz). For diachronic data, the corpus collection Deutsches Textarchiv (DTA)2 was utilized. The DTA contains texts ranging from 1610 to 1900. All three corpus collections are part of the Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure (CLARIN) initiative3 and will be developed further as part of the CLARIN research infrastructure. The study demonstrates the added value that annotated corpora can provide for in-depth studies in historical syntax. At the same time it showcases the added value of interoperable language resources for linguistic investigations that require access to and analysis of multiple linguistic resources.
Safety and efficacy of pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in STRATUS (MM-010): a phase 3b study in refractory multiple myeloma
2016-05-26

Key Points STRATUS (MM-010), the largest POM + LoDEX trial, confirms the regimen offers clinically meaningful benefit and is generally well tolerated. STRATUS supports POM + LoDEX as a standard of care for patients with RRMM who have poor prognosis and high need for effective treatments.
Quasinormal modes and a new instability of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black holes in the de Sitter world
2016-05-26

Analysis of time-domain profiles for gravitational perturbations shows that\\nGauss-Bonnet black holes in a de Sitter world possess a new kind of dynamical\\ninstability which does not take place for asymptotically flat\\nEinstein-Gauss-Bonnet black holes. The new instability is in the gravitational\\nperturbations of the scalar type and is due to the nonvanishing cosmological\\nconstant. Analysis of the quasinormal spectrum in the stability sector shows\\nthat although the scalar type of gravitational perturbations alone does not\\nobey Hod's conjectural bound, connecting the damping rate and the Hawking\\ntemperature, the vector and tensor types (and thereby the gravitational\\nspectrum as a whole) do obey it.\\n
Towards a biofunctionalized vascular prosthesis: immune cell trapping via a growth factor receptor
2016-05-26

To improve the clinical performance of vascular prostheses, which is inacceptably low for implants with small diameters (< 6 mm), biofunctionalization of synthetic implants by endothelialization has become a major, although still unreached, aim. In order to be able to recruit native endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to luminal implant surfaces from the blood stream, we generated monoclonal antibodies against the EPC-specific vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Employing the very efficient genetic immunization strategy, > 10 000 hybridoma clones were generated. Screening with various deletion mutants of VEGFR-2, 49 highly-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) covering all seven Ig domains of VEGFR-2 were selected. mAb 9H10 was characterized in detail. Once immobilized on synthetic surfaces, mAb 9H10 allowed, within min, nearly 100-fold enrichment of VEGFR-2-expressing cells under continuous flow conditions. Cell trapping was cell-type specific and essentially not affected by competing VEGFR-2-negative cells. To exclude that the antibody would adversely modify receptor responses, four different in vitro assays were employed. Cell proliferation, angiogenic tube formation, acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake and VEGFR-2 phosphorylation remained unaffected, suggesting that the antibody did not interfere with the receptor functioning of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. The molecular and cellular characteristics make the selected monoclonal antibody a very promising tool for the biofunctionalization of vascular implants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Master equation with quantized atomic motion including dipole-dipole interactions
2016-05-26

We derive a markovian master equation for the internal dynamics of an ensemble of two-level atoms including all effects related to the quantization of their motion [1]. Our equation provides a unifying picture of the consequences of recoil and in- distinguishability of atoms beyond the Lamb-Dicke regime on both their dissipative and conservative dynamics, and is relevant for experiments with ultracold trapped atoms. We give general expressions for the decay rates and the dipole-dipole shifts for any motional states, and we find analytical formulas for a number of relevant states (Gaussian states, Fock states and thermal states). In particular, we show that the dipole-dipole interactions and cooperative photon emission can be modulated through the external state of motion. The effects predicted should be experimen- tally observable with Rydberg atoms [2]. [1] F. Damanet, D. Braun, and J. Martin, arXiv:1512.06676v2. [2] K. Afrousheh, P. Bohlouli-Zanjani, D. Vagale, A. Mugford, M. Fedorov, and J. D. D. Martin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 233001 (2004)
Anaerobic microbial Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) reduction in coastal marine sediments controlled by organic carbon content
2016-05-27

Summary Coastal marine sediments contain varying concentrations of iron, oxygen, nitrate and organic carbon. It is unknown how organic carbon content influences the activity of nitrate‐reducing and phototrophic Fe(II)‐oxidizers and microbial Fe‐redox cycling in such sediments. Therefore, microcosms were prepared with two coastal marine sediments (Kalø Vig and Norsminde Fjord at Aarhus Bay, Denmark) varying in TOC from 0.4 to 3.0 wt%. The microcosms were incubated under light/dark conditions with/without addition of nitrate and/or Fe(II). Although most probable number (MPN) counts of phototrophic Fe(II)‐oxidizers were five times lower in the low‐TOC sediment, phototrophic Fe(II) oxidation rates were higher compared with the high‐TOC sediment. Fe(III)‐amended microcosms showed that this lower net Fe(II) oxidation in the high‐TOC sediment is caused by concurrent bacterial Fe(III) reduction. In contrast, MPN counts of nitrate‐reducing Fe(II)‐oxidizers and net rates of nitrate‐reducing Fe(II) oxidation were comparable in low‐ and high‐TOC sediments. However, the ratio of nitrate reduced :iron(II) oxidized was higher in the high‐TOC sediment, suggesting that a part of the nitrate was reduced by mixotrophic nitrate‐reducing Fe(II)‐oxidizers and chemoorganoheterotrophic nitrate‐reducers. Our results demonstrate that dynamic microbial Fe cycling occurs in these sediments and that the extent of Fe cycling is dependent on organic carbon content.
Dominance of texture over shape in facial identity processing is modulated by individual abilities
2016-05-27

For face recognition, observers utilize both shape and texture information. Here, we investigated the relative diagnosticity of shape and texture for delayed matching of familiar and unfamiliar faces (Experiment 1) and identifying familiar and newly learned faces (Experiment 2). Within each familiarity condition, pairs of 3D‐captured faces were morphed selectively in either shape or texture in 20% steps, holding the respective other dimension constant. We also assessed participants’ individual face‐processing skills via the Bielefelder Famous Faces Test ( BFFT ), the Glasgow Face Matching Test, and the Cambridge Face Memory Test ( CFMT ). Using multilevel model analyses, we examined probabilities of same versus different responses (Experiment 1) and of original identity versus other/unknown identity responses (Experiment 2). Overall, texture was more diagnostic than shape for both delayed matching and identification, particularly so for familiar faces. On top of these overall effects, above‐average BFFT performance was associated with enhanced utilization of texture in both experiments. Furthermore, above‐average CFMT performance coincided with slightly reduced texture dominance in the delayed matching task (Experiment 1) and stronger sensitivity to morph‐based changes overall, that is irrespective of morph type, in the face identification task (Experiment 2). Our findings (1) show the disproportionate importance of texture information for processing familiar face identity and (2) provide further evidence that familiar and unfamiliar face identity perception are mediated by different underlying processes.
Dual targeting of PI3K and MEK enhances the radiation response of K-RAS mutated non-small cell lung cancer
2016-05-27

Despite the significant contribution of radiotherapy to non-small lung cancer (NSCLC), radioresistance still occurs. One of the major radioresistance mechanisms is the hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in which Akt facilitates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through the stimulation of DNA-PKcs. We investigated if targeting PI3K would be a potential approach for enhancing the radiosensitivity of K-RAS mutated (K-RASmut) NSCLC cell lines A549 and H460. Short-term (1-2 h) pre-treatment of cells with the PI3K inhibitor PI-103 (1 μM) inhibited Akt/DNA-PKcs activity, blocked DSBs repair and induced radiosensitivity, while long-term (24 h) pre-treatment did not. Lack of an effect after 24 h of PI-103 pre-treatment was due to reactivation of K-Ras/MEK/ERK-dependent Akt. However, long-term treatment with the combination of PI-103 and MEK inhibitor PD98059 completely blocked reactivation of Akt and impaired DSBs repair through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) leading to radiosensitization. The effect of PI3K inhibition on Akt signaling was also tested in A549 mouse xenografts. P-Akt and P-DNA-PKcs were inhibited 30 min post-irradiation in xenografts, which were pretreated by PI-103 30 min before irradiation. However, Akt was reactivated 30 min post-irradiation in tumors, which were pre-treated for 3 h with PI-103 before irradiation. After a 24 h pretreatment with PI-103, a significant reactivation of Akt was achieved 24 h after irradiation. Thus, due to MEK/ERK-dependent reactivation of Akt, targeting PI3K alone is not a suitable approach for radiosensitizing K-RASmut NSCLC cells, indicating that dual targeting of PI3K and MEK is an efficient approach to improve radiotherapy outcome.
1-(3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-5-yl)-3-[4-({4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridin-2-yl}amino)phenyl]thiourea methanol monosolvate
2016-05-27

The title compound, which crystallized as a methanol monosolvate, C 41 H 27 FN 6 O 5 S·CH 3 OH, was synthesized as a probe for a fluorescence polarization-based competition binding assay. The isobenzofuran fused-ring system is close to planar and orientated almost perpendicular to the central ring of the xanthene system. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings of the xanthene system is 10.0 (2)°, indicating a butterfly-like orientation. A short intramolecular C—F...π contact [F...π = 3.100 (4) Å and C—F...π = 139.9 (3)°] to the six-membered ring of the isobenzofuran system may influence the molecular conformation. The methanol solvent molecule is disordered over two orientations in a 0.6:0.4 ratio. In the crystal, the components are linked by numerous hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network.
VII. New Kr IV - VII oscillator strengths and an improved spectral analysis of the hot, hydrogen-deficient DO-type white dwarf RE 0503-289
2016-05-27

For the spectral analysis of high-resolution and high signal-to-noise (SN) spectra of hot stars, state-of-the-art non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) model atmospheres are mandatory. These are strongly dependent on the reliability of the atomic data that is used for their calculation. Aims. New Krivvii oscillator strengths for a large number of lines enable us to construct more detailed model atoms for our NLTEmodel-atmosphere calculations. This enables us to search for additional Kr lines in observed spectra and to improve Kr abundance determinations. Methods. We calculated Krivvii oscillator strengths to consider radiative and collisional bound-bound transitions in detail in our NLTE stellar-atmosphere models for the analysis of Kr lines that are exhibited in high-resolution and high SN ultraviolet (UV)observations of the hot white dwarf RE 0503.
CD133, Selectively Targeting the Root of Cancer
2016-05-28

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are capable of promoting tumor initiation and self-renewal, two important hallmarks of carcinoma formation. This population comprises a small percentage of the tumor mass and is highly resistant to chemotherapy, causing the most difficult problem in the field of cancer research, drug refractory relapse. Many CSC markers have been reported. One of the most promising and perhaps least ubiquitous is CD133, a membrane-bound pentaspan glycoprotein that is frequently expressed on CSC. There is evidence that directly targeting CD133 with biological drugs might be the most effective way to eliminate CSC. We have investigated two entirely unrelated, but highly effective approaches for selectively targeting CD133. The first involves using a special anti-CD133 single chain variable fragment (scFv) to deliver a catalytic toxin. The second utilizes this same scFv to deliver components of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the development and current status of these CD133 associated biological agents. Together, they show exceptional promise by specific and efficient CSC elimination.
Europe’s new identity: The refugee crisis and the rise of nationalism
2016-05-30

Europe's New Identity: The Refugee Crisis and the Rise of Nationalism Authors Claudia Postelnicescu University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Abstract No abstract available. PDF HTML Article info Impact Citations How to Cite License Published at 31. May 2016 https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i2.1191 Issue: Vol. 12 No. 2 (2016) Section: Editorial Share: Z Postelnicescu, C. (2016). Europe's New Identity: The Refugee Crisis and the Rise of Nationalism. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 12(2), 203-209. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i2.1191 More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 3.0 International License. PlumX Dimensions Views: Total Abstract PDF HTML 6289 2480 1736 2073 Downloads: Download data is not yet available.
Pathophysiological basis of systemic treatments in psoriasis
2016-05-30

Summary Over the past 15 years, the spectrum of systemic antipsoriatic treatments has dramatically expanded. Until the end of the last millennium, systemic therapy had been restricted to four oral agents: methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin, and fumaric acid esters. Today, there are additionally seven biologics and one new oral antipsoriatic drug, as well as the first available biosimilars. Six more biologics with novel target structures and at least four biosimilars are currently being developed (phase III). This progress has been based on new insights into the pathogenesis of psoriasis, in which tumor necrosis factor and especially Th17 immune responses with their associated cytokines interleukin 23 and 17 play a key role. The development of new‐generation biologics as well as immunomodulatory small molecules can be attributed to these pathophysiological findings. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, dimethyl fumarate, and Janus kinase inhibitors all interact with Th17 immune responses. Some of these drugs are in advanced clinical development and are also beneficial in psoriatic arthritis. Today, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis therefore rank among the most readily treatable inflammatory autoimmune disorders. Dermatology is increasingly becoming a specialty of modern targeted immunotherapies.
Outcomes of pediatric identical living‐donor liver and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
2016-05-30

Abstract Chronic IS is associated with significant morbidity in transplant recipients. Moreover, IS does not prevent chronic graft failure frequently. Allograft immune tolerance in LT can be induced by complete donor chimerism through allogenic HSCT combined with identical LDLT . This approach may exempt patients from chronic lifelong IS . However, it is unclear whether its benefits justify its risks. Here, we present three cases from our institution and analyze seven additional reports of children treated with HSCT / LDLT , all receiving HSCT due to hemato‐oncological indications. In eight of 10 cases, donor macrochimerism resulted in allograft tolerance. Nine patients survived. One patient died due to fulminant ADV infection. Further complications were GvHD (n = 3) and bone marrow failure (n = 2). In conclusion, donor‐specific allograft tolerance can be achieved by identical‐donor HSCT / LDLT . However, at present, this approach should generally be limited to selected indications due to a potentially unfavorable risk–benefit ratio. Novel toxicity‐reduced conditioning protocols for HSCT / LDLT in the absence of malignant or non‐hepatic disease may prove to be a sufficiently safe approach for inducing graft tolerance in children receiving a LDLT in the future. This concept may reduce the burden of lifelong IS .
Cluster Helix Structure of the Binary Compound W5I12
2016-05-30

Abstract The binary tungsten iodide W 5 I 12 forms an unprecedented one‐dimensional helical structure. A crystal structure refinement performed on basis of X‐ray powder diffraction data revealed the space group P6 1 [Z = 6, a = 993.97(2) pm, c = 4226.73(9) pm]. The crystal structure is based on [(W 5 I 8 i )I 3 a I 2/2 a‐a ] clusters, interconnected by two shared apical iodido ligands to form helical chain arrangements.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of the Fossil Crinoid Encrinus liliiformis (Echinodermata: Crinoidea)
2016-05-31

Crinoids, members of the phylum Echinodermata, are passive suspension feeders and catch plankton without producing an active feeding current. Today, the stalked forms are known only from deep water habitats, where flow conditions are rather constant and feeding velocities relatively low. For feeding, they form a characteristic parabolic filtration fan with their arms recurved backwards into the current. The fossil record, in contrast, provides a large number of stalked crinoids that lived in shallow water settings, with more rapidly changing flow velocities and directions compared to the deep sea habitat of extant crinoids. In addition, some of the fossil representatives were possibly not as flexible as today's crinoids and for those forms alternative feeding positions were assumed. One of these fossil crinoids is Encrinus liliiformis, which lived during the middle Triassic Muschelkalk in Central Europe. The presented project investigates different feeding postures using Computational Fluid Dynamics to analyze flow patterns forming around the crown of E. liliiformis, including experimental validation by Particle Image Velocimetry. The study comprises the analysis of different flow directions, velocities, as well as crown orientations. Results show that inflow from lateral and oral leads to direct transport of plankton particles into the crown and onto the oral surface. With current coming from the "rear" (aboral) side of the crinoid, the conical opening of the crown produces a backward oriented flow in its wake that transports particles into the crown. The results suggest that a conical feeding position may have been less dependent on stable flow conditions compared to the parabolic filtration fan. It is thus assumed that the conical feeding posture of E. liliiformis was suitable for feeding under dynamically changing flow conditions typical for the shallow marine setting of the Upper Muschelkalk.
Effects of Prompting in Reflective Learning Tools: Findings from Experimental Field, Lab, and Online Studies
2016-05-31

Reflective learning is an important type of learning both in formal and informal situations-in school, higher education, at the workplace, and in everyday life. People may benefit from technical support for reflective learning, in particular when supporting each other by reflecting not only upon their own but also upon other people's problems. We refer to this collective approach where people come together to think about experiences and find solutions to problems as "collaborative reflection." We present three empirical studies about the effects of prompting in reflective learning tools in such situations where people reflect on others' issues. In Study 1 we applied a three-stage within-group design in a field experiment, where 39 participants from two organizations received different types of prompts while they used a reflection app. We found that prompts that invited employees to write down possible solutions led to more comprehensive comments on their colleagues' experiences. In Study 2 we used a three-stage between-group design in a laboratory experiment, where 78 university students were invited to take part in an experiment about the discussion of problems at work or academic studies in online forums. Here we found that short, abstract prompts showed no superiority to a situation without any prompts with respect to quantity or quality of contributions. Finally, Study 3 featured a two-stage between-group design in an online experiment, where 60 participants received either general reflection instructions or detailed instructions about how to reflect on other people's problems. We could show that detailed reflection instructions supported people in producing more comprehensive comments that included more general advice. The results demonstrate that to increase activity and to improve quality of comments with prompting tools require detailed instructions and specific wording of the prompts.
Protective Effects of Forskolin on Behavioral Deficits and Neuropathological Changes in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Amyloidosis
2016-05-31

The production of amyloid-β peptides in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) may contribute to memory loss and impairments in social behavior. Here, an efficient adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, was orally administered by gavage (100 mg/kg body weight) to 5-month-old transgenic APP/PS1 mice, which serve as an animal model of cerebral amyloidosis. Analyses of nest construction, sociability, and immunohistochemical features were used to determine the effects of forskolin treatment. After a relatively short term of treatment (10 days), forskolin-treated transgenic mice showed restored nest construction ability (p < 0.05) and their sociability (p < 0.01). There was a reduction of Aβ plaque deposition in the cortex and in the hippocampus. Furthermore, expression of transforming growth factor β, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and Iba-1 in the cortex was reduced in the forskolin-treated group, suggesting regulation of the inflammatory response mediated by activated microglia and astrocytes in the brains of the APP/PS1 mice (p < 0.01). Taken together, these findings suggest that forskolin shows neuroprotective effects in APP/PS1 Tg mice and may be a promising drug in the treatment of patients with AD.