julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Vom Werden des Rechts in der Kirche
2015-01-31

Abstract: The paper examines instructions of a legal nature contained in the pseudepigraphical Pastoral Epistles and in Paul, with the objective of exploring factors involved in legal education through a comparison of these texts. Since Paul leaves matters of order to be regulated by his communities, the difference between the two does not lie in an alleged dichotomy of charisma and law, but in an “institutionalization process” that has meanwhile advanced. By way of example, this paper examines the rules of “excommunication” (Tit 3,10; cf. 1Tim 1,20), the institution of widows (1Tim 5,3–16) and the remuneration of presbyters including further provisions regarding their office (1Tim 5,17–25). This results in hermeneutic insights regarding the understanding of the Pastoral Epistles, as well as the theological place of law in the church.
Securitising Sustainability? Questioning the 'Water, Energy and Food-Security Nexus'
2015-02-01

The water, energy and food-security nexus approach put forward by the Bonn2011 Conference highlights the need for an integrative approach towards issues of water, energy and food, and puts them under a general framework of security. While acknowledging the need for urgent solutions in terms of sustainability, the nexus approach, at the same time, makes a normative claim to tackle the needs of the poorest parts of the world population. A closer look at the underlying rationales and proposed policy instruments, however, suggests that the primary scope of the conference proceedings is not a normative one, but one that reframes the conflict between distributional justice and the needs of the world economy under the paradigm of security. Reading this slightly shifted perspective through a Foucauldian lens, we propose that security is now put forward as the key mechanism to foster a new 'green' economy, and that the needs of the poorest are, if anything at all, a secondary effect of the proposed nexus approach.
On the Invention of Gold Metallurgy: The Gold Objects from the Varna I Cemetery (Bulgaria)—Technological Consequence and Inventive Creativity
2015-02-01

This paper discusses the invention of gold metallurgy within the Southeast European Chalcolithic on the basis of newly investigated gold objects from the Varna I cemetery (4550–4450 cal. bc ). Comprehensive analyses, including preceding gold finds, shed new light not only on the technical expertise of the so far earliest known fine metalworkers, but also on the general context and potential prerequisites in which the invention of gold metallurgy may be embedded. Here, these structural trajectories as well as the unprecedented inventions connected to this early gold working will be highlighted in order to contextualize the apparently sudden appearance and rapid development of this new craft.
Melioidosis in Africa: Should we be Looking more Closely?
2015-02-01

Melioidosis is a life-threatening infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, mainly found in Southeast Asia. Recently, African foci have been identified, although reports remain mostly anecdotal. In Africa, multiple febrile diseases have been erroneously attributed to malaria in the past, and many cases of fever remain mis- or undiagnosed. Vigilance for previously under-recognized pathogens may enhance our understanding of disease epidemiology and facilitate improvement of patient care. Melioidosis may be such a condition. We summarize data on melioidosis in Africa and discuss the future directions for epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological studies. We conclude that searching for old bugs in new places is no academic treasure hunt but a clinically relevant activity to pursue.
Participation of Elderly Adults in Randomized Controlled Trials Addressing Antibiotic Treatment of Pneumonia
2015-02-01

Objectives To examine how relevant current evidence on antibiotic treatment of pneumonia is for elderly adults. Design Systematic review. Setting Randomized controlled trials ( RCT s; N = 43) comparing different antibiotics and prospective observational studies (N = 182) published since 2005. Participants Adults with community‐acquired ( CAP ), healthcare‐associated ( HCAP ), hospital‐acquired ( HAP ), or ventilator‐associated ( VAP ) pneumonia. Measurements Exclusion criteria that could preferentially limit participation of elderly adults were examined, subgroup or other adjusted analyses were searched for according to age, and treatment effects in participants younger than 65 in RCT s were compared with those in participants aged 65 and older. Mean participant ages in RCT s and observational studies were compared. Risk ratios ( RR s) with 95% confidence intervals ( CI s) for differences between older and younger adults were pooled using a fixed effect metaanalysis. Results No RCT reported exclusion based on an upper age limit; 100% of community CAP trials, 90% of hospitalized CAP trials, and 76% of HAP and VAP trials excluded individuals based on comorbidities. None of the RCT s reported a subgroup analysis for mortality according to age. The RR for the pooled difference in treatment failure rates between participants younger than 65 and those aged 65 and older was 1.25 (95% CI = 0.94–1.65, 12 RCT s) and between participants younger than 75 and aged 75 and older was 1.43 (95% CI = 0.98–2.09, 7 RCT s). RCT participants were significantly younger (54.0 ± 9.6) than those in observational studies of CAP (66.2 ± 8.1, P &lt; .001). Age differences were not significant for HCAP , HAP , and VAP . Conclusion Elderly adults are often excluded from RCT s of bacterial pneumonia. No data were found on the comparative efficacy of antibiotic treatment in elderly adults and the general population.
Chemovirotherapy: combining chemotherapeutic treatment with oncolytic virotherapy
2015-02-01

Oncolytic virotherapy has made significant progress in recent years, however, widespread approval of virotherapeutics is still limited. Primarily, this is due to the fact that currently available virotherapeutics are mostly tested in monotherapeutic clinical trials exclusively (ie, not in combination with other therapies) and so far have achieved only small and often clinically insignificant responses. Given that the predominantly immunotherapeutic mechanism of virotherapeutics is somewhat time-dependent and rapidly growing tumors therefore exhibit only minor chances of being captured in time, scenarios with combination partners are postulated to be more effective. Combinatory settings would help to achieve a rapid stabilization or even reduction of onset tumor masses while providing enough time (numerous months) for achieving immuno(viro)therapeutic success. For this reason, combination strategies of virotherapy with highly genotoxic regimens, such as chemotherapy, are of major interest. A number of clinical trials bringing the concepts of chemotherapy and virotherapy together have previously been undertaken, but optimal scheduling of chemovirotherapy (maximizing the anti-tumor effect while minimizing the risk of overlapping toxicity) still constitutes a major challenge. Therefore, an overview of published as well as ongoing Phase I-III trials should improve our understanding of current challenges and future developments in this field.
International Law and Global Justice: On Recent Inquiries into the Dark Side of Economic Globalization
2015-02-01

Global economic justice as a topic of moral philosophy and international law is back on the intellectual agenda and figures prominently in feuilletons, blogs and academic publications. A wave of recent studies by both international lawyers and moral philosophers on the dark side of economic globalization and the role of international law in this context is as such a remarkable phenomenon. The essay engages with diverging scholarly perspectives on global justice and international law as represented in the four volumes under review. Three substantive questions structure the non-comprehensive sketch of the global justice debate: (i) Is the current international economic order unjust? (ii) Can existing international legal rules and institutions be transformed or developed into a more just economic order? (iii) What is the potential role of international lawyers in this context?
Slepton pair production in association with a jet: NLO-QCD corrections and parton-shower effects
2015-02-01

We present a calculation of the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to\\nslepton pair production in association with a jet at the LHC together with\\ntheir implementation in the POWHEG BOX. For the simulation of parton-shower\\neffects and the decays of the sleptons we employ the multi-purpose Monte-Carlo\\nprogram PYTHIA. We discuss the impact of next-to-leading order QCD corrections\\non experimentally accessible distributions and illustrate how the parton shower\\ncan modify observables that are sensitive to QCD radiation effects. Having full\\ncontrol on the hard jet in the process, we provide precise predictions also for\\nmonojet analyses.\\n
Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia 3 Due to Homozygote c.132dupA Mutation Within theANO10Gene
2015-02-01

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Simple clotting test to detect procoagulant abdominal swabs
2015-02-01

During surgical procedures, abdominal swabs are routinely used to adsorb blood from the operation field and for the retention of tissues and organs. Due to the material characteristics, abdominal swabs exhibit a slight procoagulant activity, which is usually desirable and mostly harmless. However, during cardiac surgery with heart-lung machine (HLM) support, abnormal clot formation may result in life-threatening thromboembolic complications. Therefore, a simple clotting test (SCT) allowing in vitro detection of abdominal swabs with elevated hypercoagulant potency in the presence of heparinized human blood was developed and validated. In order to establish a SCT, heparinized human blood from 100 donors was incubated with five different cotton abdominal swabs for 30 min at 37 °C and then macroscopically analyzed. In a second study, 10 other swabs were screened with the established SCT (n=11) to confirm its suitability. Scanning electron microscopy, measurements of activated clotting times and thrombin-antithrombin were further performed. In the SCT, the results are dichotomized as negative (no detectable blood clot) and positive (blood clot formation). In the first study, three of the five tested abdominal swabs exhibited hypercoagulant potency in at least 25% of the donors. Calculations using the binomial distribution showed that blood of 11 donors is needed for routine testing with the SCT, which was confirmed in the second study using another 10 swabs. The established SCT can be used for detection of abdominal swabs with an elevated procoagulant potency, thereby minimizing the risk of thromboembolic complications during cardiac surgery with HLM support.
Anhydrite: An important sulfur binder limiting the climatic impact of subaerial volcanic eruptions
2015-02-01

Gaseous sulfur compounds are critical climate active volatile components released by volcanoes. Volcanic eruptions can emit massive amounts of H2S and SO2 into the atmosphere, which react with oxygen and H2O to sulfuric acid. Formation of H2SO4 aerosols, which have on a geological timescale short-term residence times of month or years, may have global climatic impact. The phase stability of sulfur-bearing minerals such as anhydrite in erupting magmas may be a key controlling factor limiting SO2 emission during subaerial volcanic activity (Huang and Keppler, January 2015 issue of American Mineralogist).
Does Austerity Pay Off
2015-02-01

We ask whether cuts of government consumption lower or raise the sovereign default premium. To address this question, we set up a new data set for 38 emerging and advanced economies which contains quarterly time-series observations for sovereign default premia, government consumption, and output. We find that whether austerity pays off depends on a) initial conditions and b) the time-horizon under consideration. Spending cuts in times of fiscal stress raise default premia, but lower premia in benign times. These findings pertain to the short run. Austerity always pays off in the long run, but particularly so if initial conditions are bad.
IL-4 abrogates T H 17 cell-mediated inflammation by selective silencing of IL-23 in antigen-presenting cells
2015-02-02

Significance Interleukin 4 (IL-4) has been shown to be highly protective against delayed type hypersensitivity and organ-specific autoimmune and autoinflammatory reactions in mice and humans, but its mode of action has remained controversial and has failed to be explained solely by redirection of T H 1/T H 17 toward a T H 2-type immune response. Here we uncovered that IL-4 selectively suppresses IL-23 transcription and secretion by cells of the innate immune system. We further describe a previously unidentified therapeutic mode of action of IL-4 in T H 17-mediated inflammation, and a physiologically highly relevant approach to selectively target IL-23/T H 17-dependent inflammation while sparing IL-12 and T H 1 immune responses.
Serum Concentrations of Interleukin-6, Procalcitonin, and C-Reactive Protein: Discrimination of Septical Complications and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome after Pediatric Surgery
2015-02-02

IL-6 appears to be an early marker for severe bacterial infections with high sensitivity. IL-6 and CRP were the most reliable markers for the discrimination between SIRS and sepsis within the postoperative period.
Cross-language activation of morphological relatives in cognates: the role of orthographic overlap and task-related processing
2015-02-02

We considered the role of orthography and task-related processing mechanisms in the activation of morphologically related complex words during bilingual word processing. So far, it has only been shown that such morphologically related words (i.e., morphological family members) are activated through the semantic and morphological overlap they share with the target word. In this study, we investigated family size effects in Dutch-English identical cognates (e.g., tent in both languages), non-identical cognates (e.g., pil and pill, in English and Dutch, respectively), and non-cognates (e.g., chicken in English). Because of their cross-linguistic overlap in orthography, reading a cognate can result in activation of family members both languages. Cognates are therefore well-suited for studying mechanisms underlying bilingual activation of morphologically complex words. We investigated family size effects in an English lexical decision task and a Dutch-English language decision task, both performed by Dutch-English bilinguals. English lexical decision showed a facilitatory effect of English and Dutch family size on the processing of English-Dutch cognates relative to English non-cognates. These family size effects were not dependent on cognate type. In contrast, for language decision, in which a bilingual context is created, Dutch and English family size effects were inhibitory. Here, the combined family size of both languages turned out to better predict reaction time than the separate family size in Dutch or English. Moreover, the combined family size interacted with cognate type: the response to identical cognates was slowed by morphological family members in both languages. We conclude that (1) family size effects are sensitive to the task performed on the lexical items, and (2) depend on both semantic and formal aspects of bilingual word processing. We discuss various mechanisms that can explain the observed family size effects in a spreading activation framework.
Bilateral Frontoparietal Polymicrogyria: A Novel GPR56 Mutation and an Unusual Phenotype
2015-02-02

Loss of function of GPR56 causes a specific brain malformation called the bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP), which has typical clinical and neuroradiological findings. So far, 35 families and 26 independent mutations have been described.We present a Portuguese 5-year-old boy, born from nonconsanguineous parents, with BFPP. This patient has a novel GPR56 mutation (R271X) and an unusual phenotype, because he presents hot water epilepsy.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of BFPP evolving hot water epilepsy.
Neuronal expression of the transcription factor serum response factor modulates myelination in a mouse multiple sclerosis model
2015-02-02

In multiple sclerosis (MS), neurons in addition to inflammatory cells are now considered to mediate disease origin and progression. So far, molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuronal MS contributions are poorly understood. Herein we analyzed whether neuron‐restricted signaling by the neuroprotective transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) modulates de‐ and remyelination in a rodent MS model. In the mouse cuprizone model, neuron‐ ( Srf flox/flox;CaMK CreERT2 ) but not glia‐specific ( Srf flox/flox;Plp CreERT2 ) SRF depletion impaired demyelination suggesting impaired debris clearance by astrocytes and microglia. This supports an important role of SRF expression in neurons but not oligodendrocytes in de‐ and remyelination. During remyelination, NG2‐ and OLIG2‐positive cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage as well as de novo mRNA synthesis of myelin genes were also reduced in neuron‐specific Srf mutants. Using the stripe assay, we demonstrate that cortices of cuprizone‐fed wild‐type mice elicited astrocyte and microglia activation whereas this was abrogated in cuprizone‐fed neuron‐specific Srf mutants. We identified CCL chemokines (e.g. CCL2) as neuron‐derived SRF‐regulated paracrine signals rescuing immune cell activation upon neuronal SRF deletion. In summary, we uncovered important roles of neurons and neuronally expressed SRF in MS associated de‐ and remyelination. GLIA 2015;63:958–976
NH4Cl Treatment Prevents Tissue Calcification in Klotho Deficiency
2015-02-03

Klotho, a cofactor in suppressing 1,25(OH)2D3 formation, is a powerful regulator of mineral metabolism. Klotho-hypomorphic mice (kl/kl) exhibit excessive plasma 1,25(OH)2D3, Ca(2+), and phosphate concentrations, severe tissue calcification, volume depletion with hyperaldosteronism, and early death. Calcification is paralleled by overexpression of osteoinductive transcription factor Runx2/Cbfa1, Alpl, and senescence-associated molecules Tgfb1, Pai-1, p21, and Glb1. Here, we show that NH4Cl treatment in drinking water (0.28 M) prevented soft tissue and vascular calcification and increased the life span of kl/kl mice >12-fold in males and >4-fold in females without significantly affecting extracellular pH or plasma concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3, Ca(2+), and phosphate. NH4Cl treatment significantly decreased plasma aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone concentrations and reversed the increase of Runx2/Cbfa1, Alpl, Tgfb1, Pai-1, p21, and Glb1 expression in aorta of kl/kl mice. Similarly, in primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs), NH4Cl treatment reduced phosphate-induced mRNA expression of RUNX2/CBFA1, ALPL, and senescence-associated molecules. In both kl/kl mice and phosphate-treated HAoSMCs, levels of osmosensitive transcription factor NFAT5 and NFAT5-downstream mediator SOX9 were higher than in controls and decreased after NH4Cl treatment. Overexpression of NFAT5 in HAoSMCs mimicked the effect of phosphate and abrogated the effect of NH4Cl on SOX9, RUNX2/CBFA1, and ALPL mRNA expression. TGFB1 treatment of HAoSMCs upregulated NFAT5 expression and prevented the decrease of phosphate-induced NFAT5 expression after NH4Cl treatment. In conclusion, NH4Cl treatment prevents tissue calcification, reduces vascular senescence, and extends survival of klotho-hypomorphic mice. The effects of NH4Cl on vascular osteoinduction involve decrease of TGFB1 and inhibition of NFAT5-dependent osteochondrogenic signaling.
Doing good or bad: How interactions between action and emotion expectations shape the sense of agency
2015-02-03

The emotional consequences of our own and others' actions can influence our agentive self-awareness in social contexts. Positive outcomes are usually linked to the self and used for self-enhancement, whereas negative outcomes are more often attributed to others. In most situations, these causal attribution tendencies seem to be immediately present instead of involving reflective interpretations of the action experience. To address the question at which level of the cognitive hierarchy emotions and action perception interact, we adopted a social reward anticipation paradigm. Here, participants or their interaction partner received positive or negative action outcomes and performed speeded attribution choices regarding causation of the action outcome. Event-Related Potential (ERP) results showed that the emotional value of an outcome already influenced the classical N1 self-attenuation effect, with reduced embodied agentive self-awareness for negative outcomes at initial sensorimotor stages. At the level of the N300, the degree of updating and affective evaluation associated with the respective attributive decision was reflected and particularly associated to attribution tendencies for positive events. Our results show an early interaction between emotion and agency processes, and suggest that self-serving cognition can be grounded in embodied knowledge from low-level sensorimotor mechanisms.
A visual review of the interactome of LRRK2: Using deep‐curated molecular interaction data to represent biology
2015-02-03

Molecular interaction databases are essential resources that enable access to a wealth of information on associations between proteins and other biomolecules. Network graphs generated from these data provide an understanding of the relationships between different proteins in the cell, and network analysis has become a widespread tool supporting –omics analysis. Meaningfully representing this information remains far from trivial and different databases strive to provide users with detailed records capturing the experimental details behind each piece of interaction evidence. A targeted curation approach is necessary to transfer published data generated by primarily low‐throughput techniques into interaction databases. In this review we present an example highlighting the value of both targeted curation and the subsequent effective visualization of detailed features of manually curated interaction information. We have curated interactions involving LRRK2, a protein of largely unknown function linked to familial forms of Parkinson's disease, and hosted the data in the IntAct database. This LRRK2‐specific dataset was then used to produce different visualization examples highlighting different aspects of the data: the level of confidence in the interaction based on orthogonal evidence, those interactions found under close‐to‐native conditions, and the enzyme–substrate relationships in different in vitro enzymatic assays. Finally, pathway annotation taken from the Reactome database was overlaid on top of interaction networks to bring biological functional context to interaction maps.