julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
A Mental Odd-Even Continuum Account: Some Numbers May Be “More Odd” Than Others and Some Numbers May Be “More Even” Than Others
2018-06-28

Numerical categories such as parity, i.e., being odd or even, have frequently been shown to influence how particular numbers are processed. Mathematically, number parity is defined categorically. So far, cognitive, and psychological accounts have followed the mathematical definition and defined parity as a categorical psychological representation as well. In this manuscript, we wish to test the alternative account that cognitively, parity is represented in a more gradual manner such that some numbers are represented as "more odd" or "more even" than other odd or even numbers, respectively. Specifically, parity processing might be influenced by more specific properties such as whether a number is a prime, a square number, a power of 2, part of a multiplication table, divisible by 4 or by 5, and many others. We suggest that these properties can influence the psychologically represented parity of a number, making it more or less prototypical for odd- or evenness. In the present study, we tested the influence of these numerical properties in a bimanual parity judgment task with auditorily presented two-digit numbers. Additionally, we further investigated the interaction of these numerical properties with linguistic factors in three language groups (English, German, and Polish). Results show significant effects on reaction times of the congruity of parity status between decade and unit digits, even if numerical magnitude and word frequency are controlled. We also observed other effects of the above specific numerical properties, such as multiplication attributes, which facilitated or interfered with the speed of parity judgment. Based on these effects of specific numerical properties we proposed and elaborated a parity continuum account. However, our cross-lingual study also suggests that parity representation and/or access seem to depend on the linguistic properties of the respective language or education and culture. Overall, the results suggest that the "perceived" parity is not the same as objective parity, and some numbers are more prototypical exemplars of their categories.
Line-driven ablation of circumstellar discs – III. Accountingfor and analysing the effects of continuum optical depth
2018-06-28

In studying the formation of massive stars, it is essential to consider the strong radiative feedback on the stars' natal environments from their high luminosities ( ). Given that massive stars contract to main-sequence-like radii before accretion finishes, one form this feedback takes is UV line-acceleration, resulting in outflows much like those expected from main-sequence massive stars. As shown by the prior papers in this series, in addition to driving stellar winds, such line forces also ablate the surface layers off of circumstellar discs within a few stellar radii of the stellar photosphere. This removal of material from an accretion disc in turn results in a decreased accretion rate onto the forming star. Quantifying this, however, requires accounting for the continuum optical depth of the disc along the non-radial rays required for the three-dimensional line-acceleration prescription used in this paper series. We introduce the "thin disc approximation", allowing these continuum optical depths arising from an optically thick but geometrically thin disc to be dynamically treated in the context of radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. Using this approximation in full dynamical simulations, we show that such continuum optical depth effects only reduce the disc ablation by 30 percent or less relative to previous simulations that ignored continuum absorption.
Lysoquinone-TH1, a New Polyphenolic Tridecaketide Produced by Expressing the Lysolipin Minimal PKS II in Streptomyces albus
2018-06-28

The structural repertoire of bioactive naphthacene quinones is expanded by engineering Streptomyces albus to express the lysolipin minimal polyketide synthase II (PKS II) genes from Streptomyces tendae Tü 4042 (llpD-F) with the corresponding cyclase genes llpCI-CIII. Fermentation of the recombinant strain revealed the two new polyaromatic tridecaketides lysoquinone-TH1 (7, identified) and TH2 (8, postulated structure) as engineered congeners of the dodecaketide lysolipin (1). The chemical structure of 7, a benzo[a]naphthacene-8,13-dione, was elucidated by NMR and HR-MS and confirmed by feeding experiments with [1,2-13C2]-labeled acetate. Lysoquinone-TH1 (7) is a pentangular polyphenol and one example of such rare extended polyaromatic systems of the benz[a]napthacene quinone type produced by the expression of a minimal PKS II in combination with cyclases in an artificial system. While the natural product lysolipin (1) has antimicrobial activity in nM-range, lysoquinone-TH1 (7) showed only minor potency as inhibitor of Gram-positive microorganisms. The bioactivity profiling of lysoquinone-TH1 (7) revealed inhibitory activity towards phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), an important target for the treatment in human health like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These results underline the availability of pentangular polyphenolic structural skeletons from biosynthetic engineering in the search of new chemical entities in drug discovery.
Suture causing urethral meatus stricture: A novel animal model of partial bladder outlet obstruction
2018-06-28

Aims Open surgery is the most commonly used methodological approach for generating a partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) animal model. Surgical suturing closing a part of the urethral meatus induces comparable pathophysiological changes in bladder and renal functions, but the optimum degree of obstruction that closely mimics the clinical pathology of pBOO has not been elucidated. We investigated the optimum obstruction level by performing a comprehensive time‐dependent analysis of the stability and reliability of this novel animal model. Methods Six‐ to eight‐week‐old female BALB/c mice were divided into three groups according to the degree of urethral meatus stricture (UMS). Non‐operated mice served as controls, and a pBOO model generated using the traditional method served as a positive control. A cystometric evaluation and long‐term studies were performed to evaluate the validity and reliability of this novel animal model. An additional 35 mice were used to investigate the protein expression levels and histopathological features 24 h and 14 days postoperatively, respectively. Results The characteristic cystometry features in the UMS group revealed increased changes in pressure‐related parameters compared with the control. The 1/3 UMS model is an optional pBOO animal model because the cystometric evaluation and histopathological studies revealed a striking resemblance between the 1/3 UMS model and the model generated using the traditional open‐surgery method. Conclusions The minimally invasive UMS model required less time and produced minimal alterations in pathophysiologically relevant processes compared with the traditional surgery model. Suturing to cause UMS produced effective and repeatable patterns in bladder function investigations in mice.
Modelling the brain response to arbitrary visual stimulation patterns for a flexible high-speed BCI
2018-06-28

Abstract Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) can be measured in the EEG as response to a visual stimulus. Commonly, VEPs are displayed by averaging multiple responses to a certain stimulus or a classifier is trained to identify the response to a certain stimulus. While the traditional approach is limited to a set of predefined stimulation patterns, we present a method that models the general process of VEP generation and thereby can be used to predict arbitrary visual stimulation patterns from EEG and predict how the brain responds to arbitrary stimulation patterns. We demonstrate how this method can be used to model single-flash VEPs, steady state VEPs (SSVEPs) or VEPs to complex stimulation patterns. It is further shown that this method can also be used in a BCI to allow information transfer rates of more than 470 bit/min and lead to more flexible BCIs with a virtually unlimited amount of targets and any desired trial duration.
Skewness of the height distribution in cell topography images is a measure of cell shape
2018-06-28

The regulation of cell shape is crucial for the functioning of living cells. To analyze cell function, it is therefore important to quantify cell shape. We present an approach for the quantification of vertical cell shape that is based on a statistical analysis of height distributions in topography images such as obtained by scanning probe microscopy. Using scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), we found that induced cytoskeletal alterations led to a change from a dome-like toward a fried-egg-like vertical cell shape. This shape change affected a cell's height distribution and the symmetry of this distribution. We used the third central moment of the distribution, the skewness, as a statistical measure of the distribution's symmetry and therefore of vertical cell shape. This approach provides an unbiased and fast method for the analysis of vertical cell shape and works even for confluent cell layers.
The Scales of Justice in Equilibrium. The ECJ’s Strategic Resolution of Ambiguity in Stefano Melloni v Ministerio Fiscal 2013 (Case C-399/11)
2018-06-28

The Melloni preliminary reference demands that the European Court of Justice (ECJ) weighs considerations of fundamental rights and those of mutual trust directly against each other, while deciding whether the principle of primacy of EU law is to be understood in absolute or in conditional terms in this legal context. At the same time, the textual analysis of Article 53 CFREU supports two contrasting, but equally compelling, lines of interpretation of the principle of primacy of EU law. Thus, the scales of justice are left in equilibrium. My study will attempt to establish the symmetry between the legal and linguistic aspects of the interpretation of Article 53 CFREU in Melloni, in the hope of demonstrating how ambiguity might have shaped the setup for the ECJ’s decision-making process. The issuance of the Melloni preliminary ruling is understood as an act of ambiguity resolution by the ECJ that effectively tips the scales of justice in the direction which the ECJ views as strategically more advantageous for the implementation of the authority of EU law. Furthermore, my analysis will show how the ultimate resolution of this binary choice reveals the ECJ’s favoured approach in the implementation of the authority of EU law, namely system-building through concepts (Leczykiewicz, 2008), rather than system-maintenance through acceptability (Paunio, 2013). Cite as: Kartalova, JLL 7 (2018), 25–46, DOI: 10.14762/jll.2018.025
The USP8 mutational status may predict long‐term remission in patients with Cushing's disease
2018-06-29

Summary Objective Almost half of the cases of Cushing's disease ( CD ) tumours carry recurrent activating somatic mutations in the ubiquitin‐specific protease eight gene ( USP 8 ). The USP 8 mutational status could predict remission in patients with CD , so our objective was to correlate the presence of somatic USP 8 mutations with the rate of recurrence after transsphenoidal surgery ( TSS ) retrospectively. Design Biochemical, radiological and clinical data were retrospectively assessed in 48 patients. USP 8 mutational status was determined from corticotroph tumour samples. Association between USP 8 mutational status, remission and recurrence was investigated. Patients Patients with Cushing's disease from a single‐centre cohort who underwent TSS between 1991 and 2012. Measurements Long‐term remission and recurrence rate after TSS with at least 6 months follow‐up. Biochemical, radiological and clinical data, including sex, age at diagnosis, tumour size and pre‐operative hormonal levels. USP 8 mutational status. Results Patients with USP 8 mutant corticotroph tumours (18 of 48; 37%) were diagnosed significantly earlier (mean ± SD 46 ± 10 years vs 53 ± 11 years; P = 0.028) and presented with higher pre‐operative 24‐hour urinary‐free cortisol levels (median IQR μg/24 hours 1174.0, 1184.5 vs 480.0, 405.3; P = 0.045). The incidence of recurrence in a 10‐year follow‐up was significantly higher in patients with USP 8 mutant tumours after the initial remission (58% vs 18% P = 0.026). Recurrence appeared significantly earlier in these patients (months 70, 44‐97 95% CI vs 102, 86‐119 95% CI ; P = 0.019). Conclusion Recurrence appears to be more frequent and earlier after TSS in patients with USP 8 mutant corticotroph tumours.
Human-level saccade detection performance using deep neural networks
2018-06-29

Saccades are ballistic eye movements that rapidly shift gaze from one location of visual space to another. Detecting saccades in eye movement recordings is important not only for studying the neural mechanisms underlying sensory, motor, and cognitive processes, but also as a clinical and diagnostic tool. However, automatically detecting saccades can be difficult, particularly when such saccades are generated in coordination with other tracking eye movements, like smooth pursuits, or when the saccade amplitude is close to eye tracker noise levels, like with microsaccades. In such cases, labeling by human experts is required, but this is a tedious task prone to variability and error. We developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically detect saccades at human-level performance accuracy. Our algorithm surpasses state of the art according to common performance metrics, and will facilitate studies of neurophysiological processes underlying saccade generation and visual processing.
Mean curvature flow with surgery of mean convex surfaces in three-manifolds
2018-06-29

In a previous paper, we introduced a notion of mean curvature flow with surgery for embedded, mean convex surfaces in \\mathbb{R}^3 . In this paper, we extend this construction to embedded, mean convex surfaces in a Riemannian three-manifold. Moreover, by combining our results with earlier work of Brian White, we are able to give a precise description of the longtime behavior of the surgically modified flow.
A software package to compute automorphisms of graded algebras
2018-06-29

We present a library autgradalg.lib for the free computer algebra system\\nSingular to compute automorphisms of integral, finitely generated\\n -algebras that are graded pointedly by a finitely generated abelian\\ngroup. It implements the algorithms developed in 'Computing automorphisms of\\nMori dream spaces'. We apply the algorithms to Mori dream spaces and\\ninvestigate the automorphism groups of a series of Fano varieties.\\n
Agreement between the Stages Cycling and PowerTap Powermeter
2018-06-30

Several powermeters for almost every type of bicycle are available. The PowerTap (CycleOps) quantifies cycling power and cadence in the rear wheel hub and has already been validated in previous studies. The Stages Cycling Powermeter (Stages Cycling) is lower-priced and more flexible for usage as it measures in the left crank arm. The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between these two devices. 38 participants performed laboratory tests on a stationary roadbike. Power output and cadence were recorded with PowerTap and Stages simultaneously. Differences in power output and cadence were determined. The agreement between methods was quantified by use of mean differences and limits of agreement. Stages Powermeter underestimates power output by -1.9±4.0%) in comparison to the PowerTap (limits of agreement: 5.9% to -9.7%). Considering cadence, Stages calculates 0.94± 0.16) revolutions per minute more than the PowerTap (limits of agreement: -0.4 to 2.3 rpm). Mean coefficients of variation for power output (50.1%) and cadence (14.2%) estimate good reliability of Stages compared to PowerTap (50.3% and 14.3%). Despite a systematic bias, Stages can be considered a suitable alternative to measure power output. However, limitations regarding power output measurement have to be respected, especially when cycling with high intensities.
Agreement between the Stages Cycling and PowerTap Powermeter
2018-06-30

Several powermeters for almost every type of bicycle are available. The PowerTap (CycleOps) quantifies cycling power and cadence in the rear wheel hub and has already been validated in previous studies. The Stages Cycling Powermeter (Stages Cycling) is lower-priced and more flexible for usage as it measures in the left crank arm. The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between these two devices. 38 participants performed laboratory tests on a stationary roadbike. Power output and cadence were recorded with PowerTap and Stages simultaneously. Differences in power output and cadence were determined. The agreement between methods was quantified by use of mean differences and limits of agreement. Stages Powermeter underestimates power output by -1.9Â±4.0%) in comparison to the PowerTap (limits of agreement: 5.9% to -9.7%). Considering cadence, Stages calculates 0.94Â± 0.16) revolutions per minute more than the PowerTap (limits of agreement: -0.4 to 2.3 rpm). Mean coefficients of variation for power output (50.1%) and cadence (14.2%) estimate good reliability of Stages compared to PowerTap (50.3% and 14.3%). Despite a systematic bias, Stages can be considered a suitable alternative to measure power output. However, limitations regarding power output measurement have to be respected, especially when cycling with high intensities.
Human salivary amylase gene copy number impacts oral and gut microbiomes
2018-06-30

Summary Host genetic variation influences the composition of the human microbiome. While studies have focused on associations between the microbiome and single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes, their copy number (CN) can also vary. Here, in a study of human subjects including a 2-week standard diet, we relate oral and gut microbiome to CN at the AMY1 locus, which encodes the gene for salivary amylase, active in starch degradation. We show that although diet standardization drove gut microbiome convergence, AMY1 -CN influenced oral and gut microbiome composition and function. The gut microbiomes of low- AMY1 -CN subjects had an enhanced capacity for breakdown of complex carbohydrates. Those of high- AMY1 subjects were enriched in microbiota linked to resistant starch fermentation, had higher fecal SCFAs, and drove higher adiposity when transferred to germfree mice. Gut microbiota results were validated in a larger separate population. This study establishes AMY1 -CN as a genetic factor patterning microbiome composition and function.
Are there two independent evaluative conditioning effects in relational paradigms? Dissociating the effects of CS-US pairings and their meaning
2018-06-30

Recent research into evaluative conditioning (EC) shows that information about the relationship between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli can exert strong effects on the size and direction of the EC effect. Additionally, the co-occurrence of these stimuli seems to exert an orthogonal effect on evaluations. This finding has been interpreted as support for two independent types of EC effects. However, previous research devoted to this question relied on aggregated evaluative measures, allowing for alternative interpretations. In four experiments, we developed and validated a multinomial processing tree model that distinguishes effects of the pairings from effects of the meaning of the pairings. Our findings suggest that two independent EC effects contribute to overall evaluative change in a relational EC paradigm. The model that we developed offers a helpful method for future research in that it allows for an assessment of the effects of manipulations on processes rather than overall performance on an evaluative measure.
Is Stopping Something Pleasant Positive Or Negative? Dissociating The Effects Of Implications And Pairings In A Relational Evaluative Conditioning Paradigm
2018-06-30

Recent research into evaluative conditioning (EC) shows that information about the relationship between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli can exert strong effects on the size and direction of EC effect. This finding has been interpreted as support for dual-process models that assume two independent types of EC effects. However, previous research devoted to this question relied on aggregated evaluative measures. These approaches allow for alternative interpretations that challenge dual-process accounts. In three experiments, we developed and validated a multinomial processing tree model that distinguishes an EC effect of the pairings from EC effects of the implications. Our findings suggest that two independent processes contribute to evaluative change in a relational EC paradigm. The model that we developed offers a helpful method for future research in that it allows for an assessment of the effects of manipulations on processes rather than performance on an evaluative measure.
PTBP1-Mediated Alternative Splicing Regulates the Inflammatory Secretome and the Pro-tumorigenic Effects of Senescent Cells
2018-07-01

Oncogene-induced senescence is a potent tumor-suppressive response. Paradoxically, senescence also induces an inflammatory secretome that promotes carcinogenesis and age-related pathologies. Consequently, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is a potential therapeutic target. Here, we describe an RNAi screen for SASP regulators. We identified 50 druggable targets whose knockdown suppresses the inflammatory secretome and differentially affects other SASP components. Among the screen candidates was PTBP1. PTBP1 regulates the alternative splicing of genes involved in intracellular trafficking, such as EXOC7, to control the SASP. Inhibition of PTBP1 prevents the pro-tumorigenic effects of the SASP and impairs immune surveillance without increasing the risk of tumorigenesis. In conclusion, our study identifies SASP inhibition as a powerful and safe therapy against inflammation-driven cancer.
Smart Attendance Monitoring System (SAMS): A Face Recognition Based Attendance System for Classroom Environment
2018-07-01

In present academic system, regular class attendance of students' plays a significant role in performance assessment and quality monitoring. The conventional methods practised in most of the institutions are by calling names or signing on papers, which is highly time-consuming and insecure. This article presents the automatic attendance management system for convenience or data reliability. The system is developed by the integration of ubiquitous components to make a portable device for managing the students' attendance using Face Recognition technology.