julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Performance monitoring and post-error adjustments in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an EEG analysis
2018-11-01

Background: Recently, research into attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has focused increasingly on its neurobiological underpinnings, revealing (among other things) frontal lobe alterations. Specifically, action-monitoring deficits have been described, including impaired behavioural adjustments following errors. Our aim was to examine the neurophysiological background of post-error behavioural alterations in an adult ADHD sample for the first time, hypothesizing that people with ADHD would differ from controls in neurophysiological markers of cognitive preparation and stimulus processing, specifically following errors. Methods: In total, 34 people with ADHD and 34 controls participated in an electroencephalography measurement while performing a flanker task. The final number of electroencephalography samples included in the analyses ranged from 23 to 28. We recorded event-related potentials for the erroneous response itself (error-related negativity) and for events following errors (intertrial interval: contingent negative variation; next flanker stimulus: P300). Results: Over frontal electrode sites, error-related negativity amplitudes were significantly reduced in people with ADHD across response conditions. Both groups showed reduced P300 amplitudes on flanker stimuli following errors. Moreover, during the intertrial interval, patients exhibited significantly reduced contingent negative variation, specifically following errors. At the behavioural level, we observed no significant group differences in post-error data. Limitations: Only adults were examined (no longitudinal data). Conclusion: Based on previous reports of post-error behavioural alterations in childhood samples, we conclude that people with ADHD develop compensatory strategies across the lifespan that lead to inconspicuous post-error behaviour in adulthood. Neurophysiologically, however, subtle alterations remain, indicating a perseverance of at least some frontal lobe deficits in people with ADHD who are partially medicated, particularly with respect to action-monitoring and post-error adaptation.
How do perceptions of importance support from a reading intervention affect students' motivation, engagement, and comprehension?
2018-11-01

Interventions can enhance students' motivation for reading, but few researchers have assessed the effects of the specific motivation‐enhancing practices that comprise these interventions. Even fewer have evaluated how students' perceptions of different intervention practices impact their later motivation and academic outcomes. In this study, we utilised data from a study of Concept‐Oriented Reading Instruction, a programme designed to enhance seventh‐grade students' reading comprehension and motivation. We examined the effects of students perceiving one practice from this intervention, emphasising the importance of reading, which was designed to enhance their task values for reading (Eccles‐Parsons et al., ). Unexpectedly, structural equation modelling analyses showed that students' perceptions of importance support predicted their later competence‐related beliefs, but not their task values. Students' competence‐related beliefs predicted their reading comprehension and behavioural engagement, whereas students' task values predicted reading engagement. However, there were no significant indirect effects of perceiving importance support on students' reading outcomes.
Acute pituitary disease in pregnancy: how to handle hypophysitis and Sheehan's syndrome
2018-11-01

Pregnancy-related hypophysitis (PR-Hy) that typically occurs during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period is considered an autoimmune disorder. Knowledge and awareness of characteristic clinical symptoms and specific endocrine and neuroradiological features mostly enables a correct diagnosis and guarantees best possible management. In the presence of mild clinical symptoms, a "wait-and-watch" approach is recommended. Transsphenoidal surgery or glucocorticoid therapy is indicated if progressive clinical signs or severe visual symptoms are observed. Reported cases indicate that transsphenoidal surgery performed during pregnancy can reverse visual symptoms and has a minimal risk to the health of the fetus and mother. Glucocorticoid therapy has a high initial response rate, but recurrence can occur after discontinuation. In late-pregnancy hypophysitis, the options of delaying therapy until the child is born or, if symptoms are severe, of inducing delivery prior to therapy have to be considered. Sheehan's syndrome (SS) is characterized by irreversible, partial or complete hypopituitarism due to pituitary infarction. The predominating causative event is massive peripartum hemorrhage (PPH). A considerable diagnostic delay is mostly observed. PPH and the typical postpartum findings of agalactia and amenorrhea should alert for the diagnosis of SS and prompt endocrine evaluation. Timely hormone replacement therapy is paramount to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve quality of life of afflicted women. Adrenal failure is a major endocrinological risk both of hypophysitis and of Sheehan syndrome. Early recognition and treatment is paramount to avoid life-threatening adrenal crisis.
Update Breast Cancer 2018 (Part 3) – Genomics, Individualized Medicine and Immune Therapies – in the Middle of a New Era: Prevention and Treatment Strategies for Early Breast Cancer
2018-11-01

Abstract In primary early breast cancer, the aim of treatment planning is to obtain an increasingly better understanding of the disease. The identification of patients with an excellent prognosis could help this group avoid unnecessary treatments. Furthermore, the planning of treatment is becoming increasingly patient-focussed. There is a growing understanding of those patients who benefit particularly from chemotherapy, as well as of those who could benefit from immunotherapy. Studies conducted on immunotherapies will be published shortly. Smaller individual studies offer an initial insight into the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD1/PDL1 therapies). Not least, one of the largest breast cancer studies of all times has recently come to an end. The use of a multigene test has shown that it is sufficient to identify patients with such a good prognosis that chemotherapy is unnecessary. This review article is intended to summarise the current studies and give an outlook on current developments.
The size of the tongue movement area affects the temporal coordination of consonants and vowels—A proof of concept on investigating speech rhythm
2018-11-01

Recent research has revealed substantial between-speaker variation in speech rhythm, which in effect refers to the coordination of consonants and vowels over time. In the current proof-of-concept study, the hypothesis was investigated that these idiosyncrasies arise, in part, from differences in the tongue's movement amplitude. Speech rhythm was parameterized by means of the percentage over which speech is vocalic (%V) in the German pronoun “sie” [ziː]. The findings support the hypothesis: all else being equal, idiosyncratic %V values behaved proportionally to a speaker's tongue movement area. This research underlines the importance of studying language-external factors, such as a speaker's individual tongue movement behavior, to investigate variation in temporal coordination.
Nocturnal respiratory rate as a predictor of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome
2018-11-01

Background Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at risk especially in the period shortly after the event. Alterations in respiratory control have been associated with adverse prognosis. The aim of our study was to assess if the nocturnal respiratory rate (NRR) is a predictor of mortality in patients with ACS presenting in the emergency department. Methods Clinically stable consecutive patients with ACS aged ≥ 18 years were prospectively enrolled. The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were assessed for all patients. The average NRR over a period of 6 hours was determined by the records of the surveillance monitors in the first night after admission. Primary and secondary endpoints were intrahospital and 2 years all-cause mortality, respectively. Results Of the 860 patients with ACS, 21 (2.4%) died within the intrahospital phase and 108 patients (12.6%) died within the subsequent 2 years. The NRR was a significant predictor of both endpoints and was independent from the GRACE score and LVEF. Implementing the NRR into the GRACE risk model leads to a significant increase of the C-statistics especially for prediction of intrahospital mortality. Conclusion The NRR is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with ACS.
Evidence of Neolithic settlement in the foothills of the Western al‐Hajar Mountains
2018-11-01

Abstract Systematic prospection and excavations in the Rustaq region of northern Oman, approximately 45 km from the coast in the foothills of the Western Hajar Mountains, have revealed an unexpectedly dense record of Neolithic sites. Besides surface scatters of lithic artefacts, excavation at the site of Hayy al‐Sarh recovered two stratified archaeological horizons ( AH s). The upper horizon, AH I, contained pierced marine shells that provided an age of the archaeological material of about 6800 to 7500 years cal BP . Typologically the AH I lithic assemblage compares to the Suwayh facies defined at the coast 300 km to the east. Whether the marine shells and cultural affinities point towards exchange with coastal communities or possibly seasonal movement remains an open question at this state of research, but this new evidence for inland Neolithic settlement near Rustaq provides important new data that will help improve our understanding of spatial patterns of Neolithic demographic variability.
Update Breast Cancer 2018 (Part 4) – Genomics, Individualized Medicine and Immune Therapies – in the Middle of a New Era: Treatment Strategies for Advanced Breast Cancer
2018-11-01

Abstract New therapeutic developments aimed at treating women with advanced breast cancer currently focus both on identifying patients eligible for targeted therapeutic concepts and on the continuing development of immune therapies. The data on CDK4/6 inhibitors are now complete and consistent in this class of substances (palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib). Further pathways under investigation are PI3K and AKT signalling pathways along with diverse approaches to their inhibition. Initial study results were also presented recently on both mechanisms of action. Insights into the PARP inhibitors, moreover, are increasing; studies in this respect are also examining in which population they can be used most effectively. This review offers a summary of the recent studies and an outline of the latest developments.
Graphical User Interface for Medical Deep Learning - Application to Magnetic Resonance Imaging
2018-11-01

In clinical diagnostic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable and versatile tool. The acquisition process is, however, susceptible to image distortions (artifacts) which may lead to degradation of image quality. Automated and reference-free localization and quantification of artifacts by employing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is a promising way for early detection of artifacts. Training relies on high amount of expert labeled data which is a time-demanding process. Previous studies were based on global labels, i.e. a whole volume was automatically labeled as artifact-free or artifact-affected. However, artifact appearance is rather localized. We propose a local labeling which is conducted via a graphical user interface (GUI). Moreover, the GUI provides easy handling of data viewing, preprocessing (labeling, patching, data augmentation), network parametrization and training, data and network evaluation as well as deep visualization of the learned network content. The GUI is not limited to these features and will be extended in the future. The developed GUI is made publicly available and features a modular outline to target different applications of machine learning and deep learning, such as artifact detection, classification and segmentation.
On Advanced Monte Carlo Methods for Linear Algebra on Advanced Accelerator Architectures
2018-11-01

In this paper we present computational experiments with the Markov Chain\\nMonte Carlo Matrix Inversion ( ) on several accelerator\\narchitectures and investigate their impact on performance and scalability of\\nthe method. The method is used as a preconditioner and for solving the\\ncorresponding system of linear equations iterative methods, such as generalized\\nminimal residuals (GMRES) or bi-conjugate gradient (stabilized) (BICGstab), are\\nused.\\n Numerical experiments are carried out to highlight the benefits and\\ndeficiencies of both approaches and to assess their overall usefulness in light\\nof scalability of the method.\\n
Ge Hong’s Zhuang zi
2018-11-01

Abstract Sinology, as far as textual criticism is concerned, is still in its infancy compared with, e. g., New Testament, classical Greek or European medieval studies. Whereas virtually every ancient Greek, old English, or early German text – to name but a few – has been the subject of text critical scrutiny, in many cases even since Renaissance times, the same does not hold true for Chinese works. In the absence of early manuscripts they could themselves base upon, modern editions of classical Chinese texts usually take as their starting point the earliest extant printed versions which quite often date from Song times and are thus separated by many centuries from the no longer available originals. However, quite often testimonies of ancient texts exist as quotations in works that considerably predate the first printed versions of the texts in question. In view of this fact, virtually every classical Chinese text needs to be systematically re-examined and critically edited by taking into account every available explicit as well as implicit quotation. As the received version of the Zhuang zi 莊子 (Master Zhuang), a text whose origins may lie in the third century BCE, ultimately goes back to Guo Xiang’s 郭象 (ob. 312) editorial activities and as Ge Hong 葛洪 (283–343) was an author active at about the same time, there is a chance that a pre-Guo Xiang version may have been available to him. Therefore, as a case study, this paper examines the explicit as well as implicit Zhuang zi quotations to be found within Ge Hong’s works, in order to examine this possibility.
ACTR-61. LONG-TERM ANALYSES OF THE NOA-08 RANDOMIZED PHASE III TRIAL
2018-11-01

Optimal treatment and role of O6-methylguanine DNA-methyl transferase (MGMT) status in elderly patients is still not defined. This is the long-term update (LT) of the NOA-08 trial (NCT01502241) that compared efficacy and safety of RT to TMZ in elderly patients with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) or glioblastoma (GB) using overall survival (OS) as primary endpoint and event-free survival (EFS) as well as efficacy according to MGMT status as major secondary endpoints. FINDINGS: In the LT with a data cut-off Apr 1 2018 median OS was 8·2 [7·0–10·0] months for TMZ treatment versus 9·4 [8·1–10·4] months for RT; hazard ratio (HR)=0·93 (95% CI: 0·76-1·15)] of TMZ versus RT did not differ between both arms. Also, median EFS [3·4 [3·2–4·1] months versus 4·6 [4·2–5·0] months 3did not differ with a HR=1·02 (0·83-1·25)]. MGMT promoter methylation tested in tumor tissue (82/221 patients, 37·1%) was associated with prolonged OS [13·6 [10·1–16·5] versus 8·0 [6·9-9·9] months; HR=0·53 (0·40-0·70), p<0·0001]. Patients with MGMT promoter methylation had longer OS and EFS when treated with TMZ (18·4 [13·9–24·4] months and 8·5 [6·9–13·3] months) versus RT (9·6 [6·4–13·7] months and 4·8 [4·3–6·2] months, HR 0·44 [0.27–0.70], p<0·001 for OS and 0·46 [0.29–0.73], p=0·001 for EFS). Patients without MGMT promoter methylation had shorter EFS and a shorter OS with the usual testing not significant when treated with TMZ (6·7 [5·6–8·2] months and 3·0 [2·6-3·3] months) versus with RT (10·2 [8·0–12·0] months and 4·6 [3·7-6·4] months), HR 1·33 [0·95-1·87], p=0·099 for OS and 1·86 [1·32-2·62], p<0·001 for EFS). INTERPRETATION: LT of NOA-08 confirms the non-inferiority of TMZ compared with RT in the treatment of elderly patients with AA or GB. To improve OS and EFS, MGMT promoter methylation is a strong predictive biomarker for the choice between RT and TMZ and offers unexpectedly favorable long-term outcome with initial TMZ monotherapy.
MNGI-11. LONGITUDINAL GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF SPORADIC MENINGIOMAS WITH MULTIPLE RECURRENCES
2018-11-01

Recently, genomic patterns and methylation profiles of meningiomas were described as prognostic factors for aggressiveness and recurrence (e.g. TERT, SMO and AKT1 mutations). However, the particular molecular profiles of recurrence and malignant progression of specific meningioma subtypes remain undefined. In this regard, longitudinal molecular studies are very interesting. In this study, we characterized somatic mutations in a cohort of sporadic meningioma patients. We included 9 patients with multiple recurrences and up to 11 subsequent resections of sporadic meningiomas. We performed a comparative whole-exome sequencing (WES). Moreover, we used the whole-exome data to predict the HLA MHC class I peptides of the subsequent tumor samples in silico. Our study included patients with follow-up times accounted for up to 26 years (average: 12.6 years, range 3–26). We detected a TRAF7 mutation (c.1189G>C) in only 2 of 6 recurrent tumor samples of a female patient with a malignant progression from a WHO I to a WHO grade II meningioma. In a male patient with 9 analyzed meningioma tumor samples, recurrent somatic PLEKHG5, AGBL1, ALK, RICTOR, DEPDC5 mutations were detected. This individual pattern remained constantly evident under different treatments, even after systemic treatment with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. Moreover, unique mutations in HLA-DQA1, OR14J1, PRH1 genes occurred after mTOR inhibition in this male patient. Furthermore, we identified somatic mutations in the tumor suppressor candidate NBPF1 in 7 of 9 patients. HLA allele types were predicted in silico, with A*02:01, B*57:01, C*03:03, C07:01 and B51:01 being most frequent. Neither ubiquitously shared somatic mutations nor shared MHC class I peptides were identified among this cohort. Taken together, our study outlines a heterogeneous molecular profile in this analysis. Since longitudinal samples in sporadic meningioma are rather rare, the ICOM consortium would be an ideal frame for studying the molecular profile of recurrence in meningioma in larger cohorts.
Linking resting state connectivity with attachment styles
2018-11-01

Psychometric research has identified stable traits that predict inter-individual differences in relationship and attachment behavior. Avoidance and anxiety (AV/AX) scales have been developed to quantitatively assess these traits. However, neural mechanisms corresponding to the proposed constructs reflected in av/ax are still poorly defined. The ventral medial orbito-frontal cortex (vmOFC) is implicated in social approach network (SAN) function, and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) is related in subserving emotion regulation on social processing . In this study, we examined whether functional connectivity between these regions predicts components of these scales. We employed resting-state functional connectivity and av/ax scores assessed by a personality questionnaire. Participants completed a resting state run and the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire (ECR-R). Using resting-state BOLD, we assessed correlations between structures of SAN (Fig. 1) and those related subserving emotion, establishing single subject connectivity summary scores. Summary scores were correlated with components of av/ax scores. Results demonstrate a novel correlation between AV and resting-state connectivity between vmOFC and lOFC (Fig. 2), implying that spontaneous synchrony between social approach processing regions may play a role in defining personality characteristics related to attachment.
Time trends in incidence and mortality of cutaneous melanoma in Germany
2018-11-02

Abstract Objectives To characterize incidence and mortality trends of cutaneous melanoma ( CM ) in Germany to extrapolate these data until 2030. Methods We evaluated data from the Centre for Cancer Registry Data (1999–2012) and from the Saarland Cancer Registry (1970–2012). Age‐standardized (according to the European Standard Population, WHO 1976) incidence and mortality rates [age‐standardized incidence rates ( ASIR s) and age‐standardized mortality rates ( ASMR s)] and crude incidence and mortality rates [crude incidence rates ( CIR s) and crude mortality rates ( CMR s)] were analysed. Results In entire Germany, ASIR s increased by 55% to 19.2 and CIR s by 77% to 26.0 new cases per 100 000 from 1999 to 2012. ASMR s remained stable, whereas CMR increased by 58% to 4.1 for males and by 30% to 3.0 for females per 100 000. In the Federal State of Saarland, ASIR s increased more than four‐fold to 13.1, CIR s increased six–seven fold to 18.5/100 000 from 1970 to 2012. In the same period, ASMR s increased three‐fold in males and two‐fold in females to 2.5 and 1.6, whereas CMR s increased 5.5‐fold in males and 3.5‐fold in females to 3.9 and 3.2/100 000, mainly caused by steep increases of CIR s and CMR s in age groups ≥60 years. Projected CIR s will rise to 44–46 for males and 38–40 for females in 2030. Steepest increases were extrapolated for patients ≥60 years, especially for males, but are also expected for age groups of 40–59 years. In contrast, CIR s are anticipated to stabilize for subjects &lt;40 years. Conclusions There is a constant increase in incidence and mortality rates for CM in Germany. As the German population is ageing and the current population has already accumulated high levels of UV exposure, a further increase in melanoma incidence is projected for the future without signs of levelling‐off.
Affectedness alliances: affected people at the centre of transnational advocacy
2018-11-02

Transnational civil society has risen to decrease the gap between citizens' concerns and global policy-making. Yet, in many governance areas international NGOs (INGOs) have played preponderant roles. According to a common critique, these INGOs have often been too distant from affected populations. In global food security governance, however, we observe that members of affected populations themselves have been at the centre of transnational advocacy networks. This follows in large part from the struggle of agrarian movements, foremost La Vía Campesina, who have promoted the affectedness principle. This principle holds that advocacy should be conducted by affected persons themselves, usually through affected persons' organisations (APOs). We argue that APOs and INGOs who have internalised this principle have formed 'affectedness alliances'. Within these coalitions, APOs represent the concerns of affected populations while INGOs act as supporters. We demonstrate these coalitions at the global level with a particular focus on the UN's Committee on World Food Security (CFS), and in the transnationalisation of a 'land grabbing' case from Sierra Leone. This shows how APOs can overcome participation obstacles, take a central role in advocacy networks and make their voices heard, thereby fostering their agency.