julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
NEW INSIGHTS INTO LATE PLEISTOCENE CAVE HYENA CHRONOLOGY AND POPULATION HISTORY—THE CASE OF PERSPEKTYWICZNA CAVE, POLAND
2023-10-01

ABSTRACT The paper focuses on the Pleistocene deposits in Perspektywiczna Cave, southern Poland, related to cave hyena ( Crocuta crocuta ). We used direct radiocarbon dating of hyena fossils supported by genetic and stable isotope analyses to infer the paleobiology of this population. Radiocarbon dating of 19 hyena remains suggests long inhabitation of the region during early MIS 3, around 50–34 ky cal BP. The youngest among our dates, 34,355–33,725 cal BP (1σ, combined of two dates for the same specimen) points out the latest appearance of a cave hyena north to Carpathians. Beside this long period of occupation, the Perspektywiczna Cave hyenas stayed ecologically stable, but their genetic structure changed. Two mtDNA haplogroups were present, one typical for other Late Pleistocene European populations and the other one known so far only from recent African populations.
Resilience Misunderstood? Commenting on Germany’s National Security Strategy
2023-10-01

Abstract Resilience features prominently in the new German National Security Strategy. But the strategy does not give an explicit definition of the term. In this commentary, I analyze the use of resilience in the strategy and show the links to prominent findings from resilience research. I use a disaster resilience point of view and show that the unspecific usage of resilience in the strategy could lead to undesirable consequences when implementing the strategy. Thus, in the implementation process the German government and the relevant public administration bodies should follow three recommendations resulting from resilience research. First, they should understand resilience as adaptive capacity and not as resistance. Second, they need to address conflicting goals, like efficiency versus resilience, explicitly. Third, they should give greater attention to social aspects of resilience, because empowering people but also taking their vulnerabilities seriously is decisive for making a society more resilient.
How Artificial Intellegence Can Support Veganism: An Exploratory Analysis
2023-10-01

Abstract This article explores the potential ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) can support veganism, a lifestyle that aims to promote the protection of animals and also avoids the consumption of animal products for environmental and health reasons. The first part of the article discusses the technical requirements for utilizing AI technologies in the mentioned field. The second part provides an overview of potential use cases, including facilitating consumer change with the help of AI, technologically augmenting undercover investigations in factory farms, raising the efficiency of nongovernment organizations promoting plant-based lifestyles, and so forth. The article acknowledges that the deployment of AI should not happen in a “solutionist” manner, meaning to always consider nontechnical means for achieving desired outcomes. However, it is important for organizations promoting veganism to realize the potential of modern data-driven tools and to merge and share their data to reach common goals.
The Narrative Voice and its Comments: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Jómsvíkinga saga
2023-10-01

Abstract This article pursues two objectives: as a software-based study, it first demonstrates how quantitative methods can be employed to harvest data, which is hard to retrieve as thoroughly and systematically without digital tools. In combination with ‘classic’, qualitative analyses, such an approach can contribute greatly to gaining new perspectives on (medieval) literary sources. Secondly, this article offers a case study of Jómsvíkinga saga (AM 291 4to) with particular focus on the narrative voice and its narratorial comments. They are used intentionally not only to select, structure, and guide the plot but also to embed the saga into the larger extradiegetic narrative tradition. Despite their brevity, the role of the comments goes beyond narratological organisation because they are simultaneously self-reflective on the process of narration. The narrative voice thus crafts a particular, highly artistic narrative about the adventures of the early Danish kings and the Jómsvikings.
The Influence of Social Status on Memory: No Evidence for Effects of Social Status on Event Element Binding
2023-10-01

Remembering events coherently requires the binding of their constituting elements in episodic memory. Considering various demonstrations of social motives influencing cognition and preliminary evidence for a facilitating effect of social status on associative memory, we investigated whether social status influences binding processes in episodic memory. Participants were presented with events consisting of a person, an object, and a location, with the status of the person being manipulated. Two experiments yielded no evidence for a facilitating effect of social status on binding processes in episodic memory. These findings suggest that effects of social status are limited to simpler associative memories, as demonstrated by previous research.
A Shadow of Knowledge in Stem Cell Science.
2023-10-01

"Theory of Forms" implies that a genuine version of creatures exists beyond the shapes in this world. Stem cell<br />technology has adopted developmental cues to mimic real life. However, the functionality of the lab-made cells is far<br />from primary ones. Perhaps it is time to switch from analytical to systematic perspective in stem cell science. This<br />may be the way to define new horizons based on the systematic perspective and convergence of science in stem cell<br />biology, bridging the current gap between the shadows of real knowledge in current research and reality in future.
Autonomous Adaption of Intelligent Humidity‐Programmed Hydrogel Patches for Tunable Stiffness and Drug Release (Adv. Mater. Technol. 19/2023)
2023-10-01

Intelligent Hydrogels In article 2300937, Sabine Ludwigs and co-workers develop novel hydrogel patches which have tunable stiffness, are compliant with human skin and can autonomously adapt their mechanical properties to the environment, such as relative humidity and temperature. The patches shall be ultimately used as intelligent skin for soft robotics devices and for drug release patches in skin wound therapy.
Aktuelle Methoden in der antibakteriellen Naturstoffforschung
2023-10-01

Abstract Antibacterial natural products with novel chemical structures and unprecedented mechanisms of action inspire antibiotic drug discovery and form valuable tools for studying bacterial physiology. New technologies are being developed and improved to access untapped sources of new compounds, accelerate their biological and chemical characterization, and rapidly dereplicate already known compounds. Nature still holds many unknown antibiotics for us to discover and explore.
Intergenerational transmission of health behaviors: A population-based study in Germany
2023-10-01

Abstract Background Intergenerational transmission has been identified for many chronic diseases and behavioral factors. Long-term prospective studies are needed that examine different generations within families and determine the expression of specific biological and psychosocial characteristics using a standardized measurement protocol. At present, there are no prospective cohort studies in Germany that have examined the association between the health behavior of parents and children. Methods The ongoing pilot study is the first phase of a population-based longitudinal study on the health behavior of the generations. A random sample of 230 community members aged 70-85 years in Germany was recruited. A face-to-face interview with standardized questionnaires was conducted to collect information on health outcomes, including lifestyle, medical, social, and psychological factors in participants’ lives. Blood and saliva samples were also collected to determine some specific biomarkers. Online questionnaires will be used for younger generations. Results Data collection for the first generation has been completed and recruitment for the second and third generations is expected to be completed by June 2023. Written informed consent has been obtained from all participants. Results from the current study will be presented at the conference. Conclusions Parental health behaviors may influence the onset of risky health behaviors in their offspring. Thus, in order to promote healthy behaviors, it is important to examine these factors to understand whether the transmission from one generation to the next is due to high-risk lifestyles, the direct transmission, or both. Key messages • This pilot study will provide information needed to design a larger population study, i.e., sample size will depend on response rates and associations between psychosocial and biological factors. • Intergenerational transmission may provide an important framework for health promoting interventions leading to healthy aging.
Hypothetical Inquiry in Plato's Timaeus
2023-10-01

This paper re-constructs Plato's ‘philosophy of geometry’ by arguing that he uses a geometrical method of hypothesis in his account of the cosmos’ generation in the Timaeus. Commentators on Plato's philosophy of mathematics often start from Aristotle's report in the Metaphysics that Plato admitted the existence of mathematical objects in-between ( metaxu) Forms and sensible particulars ( Meta. 1.6, 987b14–18). I argue, however, that Plato's interest in mathematics was centred on its methodological usefulness for philosophical inquiry, rather than on questions of mathematical ontology. My key passage of interest is Timaeus’ account of the generation of the primary bodies in the cosmos, i.e. fire, air, water and earth ( Tim. 48b–c, 53b–56c). Timaeus explains the primary bodies’ origin by hypothesising two right-angled triangles as their starting-point ( arkhê) and describing their individual geometrical constitution. This hypothetical operation recalls the hypothetical method which Socrates introduces in the Meno (86e–87b), as well as the use of hypotheses by mathematicians which is described in the Republic (510b–c). Throughout the passage, Timaeus is focussed on explicating the bodies in terms of their formal structure, without however considering the ontological status of the triangles in relation to the physical world.
Accurate Sphingolipid Quantification Reducing Fragmentation Bias by Nonlinear Models
2023-10-02

Quantitative sphingolipid analysis is crucial for understanding the roles of these bioactive molecules in various physiological and pathological contexts. Molecular sphingolipid species are typically quantified using sphingoid base-derived fragments relative to a class-specific internal standard. However, the commonly employed "one standard per class" strategy fails to account for fragmentation differences presented by the structural diversity of sphingolipids. To address this limitation, we developed a novel approach for quantitative sphingolipid analysis. This approach utilizes fragmentation models to correct for structural differences and thus overcomes the limitations associated with using a limited number of standards for quantification. Importantly, our method is independent of the internal standard, instrumental setup, and collision energy. Furthermore, we integrated this method into a user-friendly KNIME workflow. The validation results illustrate the effectiveness of our approach in accurately quantifying ceramide subclasses from various biological matrices. This breakthrough opens up new avenues for exploring sphingolipid metabolism and gaining insights into its implications.
Characterization of Turbid Biobased Polyurethane Thermosets by UV–Vis–NIR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Data Analysis for In-Line Process Monitoring
2023-10-02

Polyurethane thermosets have a wide range of applications. In this study, alternative raw materials were used to enhance sustainability. In two newly developed biobased polyurethanes (PUs), the cross-linker content was varied, which caused phase separation and therefore affected the turbidity. To investigate this phenomenon, UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy was utilized. Spectra were recorded from 200 to 2500 nm in transmittance mode, and multivariate data analysis was applied to the three UV, Vis, and NIR sections separately. For the two different PU classes, each with five different cross-linker contents, classification by principal component analysis combined with linear or quadratic discriminant analysis was possible with an accuracy between 93% and nearly 100%. The best separation was achieved in the NIR range. Partial least-squares regression models were determined to predict the cross-linker content. As mentioned, the model for the NIR range is the most suitable, with the highest R2 (validation) of 0.99 for PU1 and 0.98 for PU2. The corresponding root-mean-square error of prediction values of the external validation was the lowest, with 0.82% (PU1) and 1.25% (PU2). Therefore, UV–Vis–NIR absorbance spectroscopy, especially NIR, is a suitable tool for monitoring the appropriate material composition of turbid PU thermosets in line.
Plug-and-play microphones for recording speech and voice with smart devices
2023-10-02

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Smart devices are widely available and capable of quickly recording and uploading speech segments for health-related analysis. The switch from laboratory recordings with professional-grade microphone set ups to remote, smart device-based recordings offers immense potential for the scalability of voice assessment. Yet, a growing body of literature points to a wide heterogeneity among acoustic metrics for their robustness to variation in recording devices. The addition of consumer-grade plug-and-play microphones has been proposed as a possible solution. The aim of our study was to assess if the addition of consumer-grade plug-and-play microphones increases the acoustic measurement agreement between ultra-portable devices and a reference microphone. METHODS Speech was simultaneously recorded by a reference high-quality microphone commonly used in research, and by two configurations with plug-and-play microphones. Twelve speech-acoustic features were calculated using recordings from each microphone to determine the agreement intervals in measurements between microphones. Agreement intervals were then compared to expected deviations in speech in various neurological conditions. Additionally, each microphone’s response to speech and to silence were characterized through acoustic analysis to explore possible reasons for differences in acoustic measurements between microphones. Lastly, the statistical differentiation of two groups, neurotypical and people with Multiple Sclerosis, using metrics from each tested microphone was compared to that of the reference microphone. RESULTS The two consumer-grade plug-and-play microphones favoured high frequencies (mean centre of gravity difference ≥ +175.3Hz) and recorded more noise (mean difference in signal-to-noise ≤ -4.2dB) when compared to the reference microphone. Between consumer-grade microphones, differences in relative noise were closely related to distance between the microphone and the speaker’s mouth. Agreement intervals between the reference and consumer-grade microphones remained under disease-expected deviations only for fundamental frequency ( f0 , agreement interval ≤0.06Hz), f0 instability ( f0 CoV, agreement interval ≤0.05%) and for tracking of second formant movement (agreement interval ≤1.4Hz/millisecond). Agreement between microphones was poor for other metrics, particularly for fine timing metrics (mean pause length and pause length variability for various tasks). The statistical difference between the two groups of speakers was smaller with the plug-and-play than with the reference microphone. CONCLUSION Measurement of f0 and F2 slope were robust to variation in recording equipment while other acoustic metrics were not. Thus, the tested plug-and-play microphones should not be used interchangeably with professional-grade microphones for speech analysis. Plug-and-play microphones may assist in equipment standardization within speech studies, including remote or self-recording, possibly with small loss in accuracy and statistical power as observed in the current study.
A Bayesian study of quark models in view of recent astrophysical constraints
2023-10-02

In this work, we perform a comparative analysis between the density-dependent quark model and the vector MIT bag model using Bayesian analysis. We use the equations of state generated by these two models to describe quark stars. We impose four recent observational astrophysical constraints on both models to determine their model-dependent parameters in an optimized manner assuming that the compact objects observed are composed entirely of self-bound quarks. The restrictions are aimed at producing stars with maximum masses M and a mass-radii diagram compatible with the observed pulsars: PSR J0740+6620, PSR J0952-0607, PSR J0030+0451 and the compact object XMMU J173203.3-344518. With this analysis, the parameter dependence of the nuclear equation of state (EoS) of both models is restricted.
Gender equality or employment promotion? The politicization of parental leave policy in Finland
2023-10-02

In 2022, a new parental leave system with equal leave rights for parents saw daylight in Finland. The road towards this reform was not entirely uncontroversial, and one stumble stone was different interpretations of the meaning of gender equality. This article contributes to the literature by analysing how seven political parties in Finland politicized the idea of gender equality and leave quotas during the 2010s. We argue that ideological factors delayed a reform of the leave system in a more gender-equal way, since left-wing parties did not only put more emphasis on gender equality and state-regulated leave quotas for fathers than conservatives, they also did so for somewhat other reasons connected with the Social Investment paradigm. Moreover, although the conservatives did warm up to the idea of gender equality on a general level during this period, and some of them started to support the use of leave quotas, providing some of the consensus needed for the 2021 reform, this did not alter their traditional views on the family and gender roles. Instead, the policy idea of leave quotas was reframed as an instrumental tool to achieve higher (maternal) employment, and only secondary as a tool for gender equality.
The dark legacy of Nuremberg: Inhumane air warfare, judicial desuetudo and the demise of the principle of distinction in International Humanitarian Law
2023-10-02

Abstract On its seventy-fifth anniversary last year, the Nuremberg war crime trials moved again into the spotlight of public attention. To the present day, Nuremberg is mainly portrayed as the birth of international criminal law being the first tribunal that held individuals accountable for war crimes committed during the Second World War. As we argue in this article, there is an often-overseen dark legacy of Nuremberg as it represents an unused opportunity to establish accountability for inhumane military practices, especially in air warfare, being of tragic influence for the postwar development of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) as a whole. Going beyond the existing criticism already voiced on Nuremberg’s shortcomings, we hold that the Tribunal’s reluctance to prosecute bombing practices sowed the seeds for the decay of IHL by creating institutionalized silences, especially for massive violations of the principle of distinction. The tribunal thereby sidelined pre-war IHL and infected the development of post-war IHL by retroactively legitimating the bombing practices of the Axis powers and at least indirectly of the Allies. We argue that the failure to prosecute ‘total war’-practices and reestablish former restrictive legal structures regarding aerial bombardment has fundamentally eroded the pre-war meaning of the principle of distinction leading to its downfall in the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Convention of 1977. We describe these developments as a form of judicial desuetudo, meaning the abrogation of a rule through its subsequent non-enforcement by an international court during and after massive law violations because of perceived or real political constraints.
Modeling the Microbial Cells for Biotechnological Applications
2023-10-02

Synthetic biology is an engineering approach that designs biological systems to have new functions for useful purposes. Rational cell design is crucial for synthetic biology and can be considered a strategy that includes increasing the production efficiency of a cell or developing a new product by changing or adding specific biochemical reactions and regulations using modern metabolic engineering techniques. Metabolic flux and control analyses with models created in silico following cellular genome mapping have also contributed significantly to rational cell design. Models make the prediction of behaviors possible without performing a vast number of experiments when biological systems are modified. The modeling of microbial cells for the biosynthesis of high-value products is gaining increasing attention in biotechnology. In this chapter, the main focus will be on the concept of the genome scale metabolic modeling of microbial cells in biotechnological applications with an emphasis on biofuels and pharmaceuticals.
Data set for "Photoelectrochemical Schlenk cell functionalization of multi-junction water-splitting photoelectrodes"
2023-10-02

The data set is organised along the figures of the publication.\\n\\n\\n\\n\\t\\nThe &amp;#39;.ers&amp;#39; and &amp;#39;.ert&amp;#39; files are reflection anisotropy spectra and and transients, respectively, in the native format of Laytec&amp;#39;s EpiRAS.\\n\\t\\nThe &amp;#39;.xy&amp;#39; files are XPS data in the export format of&amp;nbsp;SpecsLab&amp;nbsp;Prodigy.\\n\\t\\nThe electrochemistry data is in the &amp;#39;.txt&amp;#39; file format &amp;quot;Zahner Online Display data file version: 2&amp;quot; exported from the&amp;nbsp;Zahner ZenniumPro potentiostat. Currents are absolute currents, For sample areas see the additional file description.\\n
Data set for "Photoelectrochemical Schlenk cell functionalization of multi-junction water-splitting photoelectrodes"
2023-10-02

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The data set is organised along the figures of the publication.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;\\n\\n&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;\\n\\t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The &amp;#39;.ers&amp;#39; and &amp;#39;.ert&amp;#39; files are reflection anisotropy spectra and and transients, respectively, in the native format of Laytec&amp;#39;s EpiRAS.&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;\\n\\t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The &amp;#39;.xy&amp;#39; files are XPS data in the export format of&amp;nbsp;SpecsLab&amp;nbsp;Prodigy.&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;\\n\\t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;The electrochemistry data is in the &amp;#39;.txt&amp;#39; file format &amp;quot;Zahner Online Display data file version: 2&amp;quot; exported from the&amp;nbsp;Zahner ZenniumPro potentiostat. Currents are absolute currents, For sample areas see the additional file description.&amp;lt;/li&amp;gt;\\n&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;