julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Generation of 13C-Labeled Inositol and Inositol Phosphates by Stable Isotope Labeling Cell Culture for Quantitative Metabolomics
2022-10-28

Inositol and inositol phosphates (IPx) are central metabolites. Their accurate quantitative analysis in complex biological samples is challenging due to lengthy sample preparation procedures, sample losses by strong adsorption to surfaces, and unpredictable matrix effects. Currently, U<sup>13</sup>C-inositol and U<sup>13</sup>C-IPx are not available from commercial sources. In this study, we developed a method that is capable of generating U<sup>13</sup>C-inositol and U<sup>13</sup>C-IPx. An inositol-independent cell line L929S was cultured in inositol-free medium supplemented with U<sup>13</sup>C-glucose. Inositol contamination in FBS was observed as the critical parameter for labeling efficiency (LE). A balance between cell growth and LE was achieved by adopting a two-step labeling strategy. In the first step, a LE of 90% could be obtained by normal cell growth in the long-term. Cells were then cultured in a second step in ultra-labeling medium for improved LE for a short duration before harvesting. The generated U<sup>13</sup>Canalogs were of high isotopic purity (>99%). Utilized as internal standards spiked before sample preparation in biological applications, U<sup>13</sup>Canalogs can effectively compensate sample loss during sample preparation as well as the matrix effect during electrospray ionization. An exemplary pharmacological study was conducted with phospholipase C inhibitor and activator to document the great utility of the prepared stable isotope-labeled internal standards in elucidating the PLC-dependent IP code. U<sup>13</sup>CIPx are used as internal standards to generate quantitative profiles of IPx in HeLa cell samples after treatment with PLC inhibitor and activator. This established method generating U<sup>13</sup>Canalogs is cost-effective, robust, and reproducible, which can facilitate quantitative studies of inositol and IPx in biological scenarios.
Faster when Fed: Satiated Individuals Inhibit (Food) Pictures Better Than Words
2022-10-28

In line with dual system models, it is often hypothesized that overeating occurs in tandem with lowered inhibitory control. Although there are some merits to this theory, the way (food) cues are represented, and how they influence inhibitory control, are not yet understood. Here, participants who fasted 12+ hours, or who ate within the previous 2 hours completed a stop-signal task with modal (pictures) and amodal (words) stimuli. In Study 1, there was a significant Group × Modality interaction which indicated that satiated, but not fasted individuals show better inhibitory capacity for modal relative to amodal stimuli. In line with previous theories, we also found evidence for better inhibitory control for satiated compared to fasted individuals, albeit for modal stimuli only. In Study 2, we additionally used non-food stimuli to test whether these effects were food-specific. While we were able to replicate the group by modality interaction, we did not find evidence for food specificity. Furthermore, the inhibitory advantage of satiated individuals compared to fasted individuals was not replicated. In all, we were able to show that metabolic state and stimulus type interact in their effect on inhibitory control in two pre-registered studies. These findings suggest that information of particular modalities is processed in distinct ways, depending on state factors.
Prepositional constituents in multi-word units: an experimental reading study of the French preposition de
2022-10-28

Abstract The processing of multi-word units and complex words has been one of the main issues of psycholinguistic research in the last decades. However, there is still no mutual consent on how multi-word units, complex words, and their internal constituents are accessed in language processing. Current models of linguistic theory and language processing generally assume that there is no interconnection between the morphosyntactic information of a lexical unit and its phonetic realization. Recent studies challenge this assumption and suggest a relationship between the morphosyntactic, lexical, and pragmatic information of specific lexemes or morphemes and the phonetic signal. The present study adds to these current studies in psycholinguistics and morphophonetics by investigating the French preposition de ‘of’ as a constituent in different construction types. While de occurs regularly as a free lexeme in syntactic structures, it also appears as a bound constituent in lexicalized and grammaticalized constructions. First, this study presents an analysis of French de in eye-tracking data from a reading task with French native speakers. Second, this study presents a statistical analysis of acoustic durations of de from an experimental reading task. The results suggest that the constituent de shows certain peculiarities in its processing and acoustic realization as a constituent in a certain construction type. The results are discussed with regard to current theoretical approaches to the processing of multi-word units, n-grams, and complex words.
Multi-Wavelength Properties of the 2021 Periastron Passage of PSR B1259-63
2022-10-28

PSR B1259-63 is a gamma-ray binary system hosting a radio pulsar orbiting around a O9.5Ve star, LS 2883, with a period of similar to 3.4 years. The interaction of the pulsar wind with the LS 2883 outflow leads to unpulsed broadband emission in the radio, X-ray, GeV, and TeV domains. One of the most unusual features of the system is an outburst of GeV energies around the periastron, during which the energy release substantially exceeds the spin down luminosity under the assumption of the isotropic emission. In this paper, we present the first results of a recent multi-wavelength campaign (radio, optical, and X-ray bands) accompanied by the analysis of publicly available GeV Fermi/LAT data. The campaign covered a period of more than 100 days around the 2021 periastron and revealed substantial differences from previously observed passages. We report a major delay of the GeV flare, weaker X-ray flux during the peaks, which are typically attributed to the times when the pulsar crosses the disk, and the appearance of a third X-ray peak never observed before. We argue that these features are consistent with the emission cone model proposed by us previously, in the case of a sparser and clumpier disk of the Be star.
SRG/ART-XC and NuSTAR Observations of the X-Ray pulsar GRO J1008-57 in the Lowest Luminosity State
2022-10-28

&lt;p&gt;We report results of the first broadband observation of the transient X-ray pulsar GRO J1008-57 performed in the quiescent state. Observations were conducted quasi-simultaneously with NuSTAR and the Mikhail Pavlinsky ART-XC telescope on board SRG right before the beginning of a Type I outburst. GRO J1008-57 was detected in the state with the lowest observed luminosity around several x10&lt;sup&gt;34&lt;/sup&gt; erg s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and consequently accreting from the cold disk. Timing analysis allowed us to detect pulsations during this state for the first time. The observed pulsed fraction of about 20% is, however, almost three times lower than in brighter states when the accretion proceeds through the standard disk. We traced the evolution of the broadband spectrum of the source on a scale of three orders of magnitude in luminosity and found that at the lowest luminosities the spectrum transforms into the double-hump structure similarly to other X-ray pulsars accreting at low luminosities (X Persei, GX 304-1, and A 0535+262) reinforcing the conclusion that this spectral shape is typical for these objects.&lt;/p&gt;
A-Scan Parameters and the Risk of Phacomorphic Glaucoma in the Kazakh Population
2022-10-28

Background and Objectives: The aim of our study was to identify risk factors associated with phacomorphic glaucoma (PG) by comparing the biometric parameters of contralateral eyes of patients with PG with the eyes of patients with a mature cataract. Methods: This retrospective case–control study included 71 eyes affected with PG, 311 eyes of control participants, and 71 contralateral eyes of patients with PG. All participants were ethnically Kazakh. Axial lengths (AL), anterior chamber depths (ACD), and lens thicknesses (LT) were measured using A-scan ultrasound biometry. To determine the threshold value of the A-scan parameters associated with PG, we performed ROC analysis. Results: The eyes with PG had smaller AL and ACD values and larger LT values, followed by the fellow eyes with PG and the control eyes. There were no differences in age and sex between patients with PG and mature cataracts. After adjustment for age and other A-scan parameters, continuous measures of ACD and LT were associated with PG (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38–0.73, p &lt; 0.001; OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.64–6.912, p = 0.001). When A-scan parameters were dichotomized according to the identified threshold, an ACD of less than 2.5 mm (OR 3.113, 95% CI 1.562–6.204, p = 0.001) and an LT thicker than 4.75 mm (OR 26.368, 95% CI 9.130–76.158, p &lt; 0.001) were found to be related to PG. Conclusions: We found that a thicker lens and, possibly, a shallow ACD are risk factors for PG.
Women compared with men work harder for small rewards
2022-10-28

In cost-benefit decision-making, women and men often show different trade-offs. However, surprisingly little is known about sex differences in instrumental tasks, where physical effort is exerted to gain rewards. To this end, we tested 81 individuals (47 women) with an effort allocation task, where participants had to repeatedly press a button to collect food and money tokens. We analyzed the motivational phases of invigoration and effort maintenance with varying reward magnitude, difficulty, and reward type. Whereas women and men did not differ in invigoration, we found that women showed higher effort maintenance as well as higher subjective wanting and exertion ratings for small rewards compared with men. Notably, men increased their effort more than women for higher rewards to match women’s levels of performance. Crucially, we found no sex differences depending on reward type or difficulty, indicating that sex differences were specific to the encoding of the magnitude of benefits, not costs. To summarize, women exerted higher physical effort for small rewards, which corresponded with an elevated subjective value in women compared with men. Therefore, sex differences in perceived reward magnitude may contribute to differential behavioral preferences highlighting the potential of cost-benefit decision-making to provide insights about potential mechanisms.
A Summary of Practical Considerations for the Application of the Steric Exclusion Chromatography for the Purification of the Orf Viral Vector
2022-10-29

Steric exclusion chromatography (SXC) is a promising purification method for biological macromolecules such as the Orf virus (ORFV) vector. The method’s principle is closely related to conventional polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, repeatedly implementing membranes as porous chromatographic media. In the past decade, several purification tasks with SXC showed exceptionally high yields and a high impurity removal. However, the effect of varying process parameters, on the precipitation success and its limitations to SXC, is not yet well understood. For this reason, the precipitation behavior and SXC adaptation for ORFV were investigated for the PEG/ORFV contact time, the membranes pore size, and the type and concentration of ions. All three parameters influenced the ORFV recoveries significantly. A small pore size and a long contact time induced filtration effects and inhibited a full virus recovery. The application of salts had complex concentration-dependent effects on precipitation and SXC yields, and ranged from a complete prevention of precipitation in the presence of kosmotropic substances to increased efficiencies with Mg2+ ions. The latter finding might be useful to reduce PEG concentrations while maintaining high yields. With this knowledge, we hope to clarify several limitations of SXC operations and improve the tool-set for a successful process adaptation.
Molasses fermentation to produce low-cost carbon source for denitrification
2022-10-29

In the present work, the fermentation of molasses using <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> was optimized in terms of denitrification efficiency, using the relative total nitrogen (TN) removal ratio and the C/N consumption ratio as the indicators. The denitrification efficiency in different wastewater was also measured in the presence of different carbon sources for denitrification, that is, fermentation broth, unfermented molasses, sodium acetate, ethanol and methanol. The results indicated that the optimal fermentation conditions were as follows: pH = 4.0; temperature, 33 °C; dilution rate, 0.15 h<sup>−1</sup>; sugar concentration, 13%; ammonium chloride concentration, 0.5 g/L; and air-flow rate in the reactor, 0.1 vvm for 30 min every 12 h. The relative TN removal ratio with the fermentation broth was 39% higher than that with unfermented molasses. However, the denitrification efficiency of the fermentation broth varied between landfill leachate, herbicide wastewater and brewing wastewater. The relative TN removal ratio was significantly higher only in the brewing wastewater, and the C/N consumption ratio was also significantly lower than that with methanol, ethanol and molasses. These results showed that the use of molasses fermentation broth as the carbon source for denitrification has advantages for specific sewage regarding effectiveness. The raw material cost of the fermentation broth was ca. 30% lower than sodium acetate. The results also suggested that the bacterial community structure had a significant impact on the denitrification efficiency of the fermentation broth.
Adaptive Legal Frameworks and Economic Dynamics in Emerging Tech-nologies: Navigating the Intersection for Responsible Innovation
2022-10-30

This research explores the intersection of emerging technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, and biotechnology, and the imperative for adaptive legal frameworks to regulate and encourage responsible innovation. Examining historical contexts of technological regulation, the study identifies key lessons from past approaches, emphasizing the need for flexibility, adaptability, and interdisciplinary collaboration. The economic dynamics of emerging technologies reveal both opportunities and challenges, with innovation playing a pivotal role in economic growth. Legal responses and current frameworks are scrutinized, prompting a call for ongoing evaluation and adaptation to the evolving technological landscape. Case studies highlight the effectiveness of existing regulations, while gaps in the regulatory landscape are identified. The concept of an adaptive legal framework emerges as a recommendation, promoting flexibility and agility to address the intricacies of emerging technologies. Balancing stability with adaptability, incentivizing responsible practices, and fostering collaboration among legal, technological, and economic experts are crucial components of effective regulatory measures. The research advocates for building a culture of corporate responsibility, aligning business goals with ethical standards, and promoting education and awareness across all stakeholders. The importance of training for decision-makers, especially policymakers, is underscored as pivotal for informed and ethical governance. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the urgent need for adaptive legal frameworks, interdisciplinary collaboration, continuous education, and a commitment to aligning technological progress with ethical considerations to ensure responsible and ethical innovation in the ever-evolving landscape of emerging technologies.
The depiction of cybercrime victims using data mining techniques
2022-10-30

Purpose. Development of a scientific and methodological approach for creating a phase depiction of a cybercrime victim by identifying significant personified characteristics. Methodology. In the process of research, methods of systematization, comparison, grouping, logical generalization, bibliometric analysis, regression analysis (the method of sigma-limited parameterization), and the algorithm of associative rules were used. Findings. According to the results of the research, it was established that the countries with the highest rates of cyber fraud in the field of financial services include Luxembourg (15%), France (14%), Great Britain (13%) and Denmark (11%) are among. In 2020, on average, every 10th resident of the European Union became a cyber victim when performing financial transactions. The results of an empirical analysis using the algorithm of associative rules showed that in 100% of the analyzed cases of cyber fraud in the field of financial services among European residents, stable patterns are found between the following parameters: a married woman who raises three children, a woman aged 5564 years old who raises three children, a married person who periodically experiences financial difficulties and raises three children, a person who lives in a rural area and raises three children, a person aged 6574, who has three children. In addition, the probability for a woman raising three children of becoming a victim of cyber fraud is 87.5%. In 71.4% of cybercrime cases in the field of financial services, a close causal relationship is traced with the following parameters: manual worker who was cyberattacked through a smartphone, a person who periodically experiences financial difficulties and a cyberattack occurred through a smartphone. Originality. The use of profiling technology allows evaluating and predicting the behavior of the financial services consumer in the conditions of the growing risk of cyber fraud based on the systematization and establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between the most informative personalized signs of them. Practical value. The development of a phase depiction of a probable victim of cybercrime in the financial system allows identifying the signs of a cyber threat in the early stages, and immediately reacting to it, thus neutralizing or minimizing the negative consequences. The results of the conducted research will have practical significance for the management of financial institutions and public organizations that specialize in training and raising the level of financial and digital literacy of citizens.
Dental tissue proportions and linear dimensions of Sima de los Huesos lower incisors
2022-10-30

Abstract Objectives To assess the phenotypic affinities of the Sima de los Huesos (SH) mandibular incisors dental tissue proportions, and radicular dimensions, relative to Neandertals, recent modern humans (RMH), and a large comparative sample of Pleistocene hominins. Materials and Methods Two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) data were extracted from SH ( n = 22) incisors, and compared with specimens from Krapina ( n = 6) and Ehringsdorf ( n = 2), RMH ( n = 42), as well as a comparative sample of hominins from the literature ( n = 244). We calculated average enamel thickness (AET), relative enamel thickness (RET) and radicular variables (cervical area [CA] and root surface area [RSA], root linear dimensions [RL], dentine and pulp volume [RDV, RPV, TRV]). Results We found that SH incisor crown variables were generally undiagnostic for 2D and 3D AET and 2D RET. Trends indicated thicker 3D RET in RMH relative to SH hominins, Tighenif hominins, and Neandertals. The SH and Neandertal mandibular incisors share similar RL, RSA, and root tissue volumes when compared to other extinct members of Homo . Relative to all other extinct hominins examined here, SH incisors display a relatively narrow cervical labio‐lingual diameter. Finally, we found a weak correlations in SH and RMH between the crown and root variables. Discussion This study confirms that SH mandibular incisors' dental tissue proportions and root dimensions align more closely to Neandertals. However, the complete set of Neandertal apomorphies is not present within SH mandibular incisors. SH incisors concur with traits reported in SH canines, and contrasting patterns in the molars, revealing a dichotomy between the anterior and posterior teeth for dental tissue proportions.
Automated and objective analysis of speech in premanifest and early-stage Huntington’s disease
2022-10-30

Abstract Background Clinical markers that show change in performance in people with Huntington’s disease (HD) during the presymptomatic and prodromal stages remain a target of investigation in clinical medicine. Alongside genetic and neuroimaging initiatives, digital speech analytics has shown promise as a sensitive clinical marker of premanifest HD. Objective To investigate the sensitivity of digital speech measures for detecting subtle cognitive-linguistic and fine motor features in people carrying the expanded HD gene, with and without symptoms. Methods Speech data were acquired from 110 participants (55 people with the expanded HD gene including 16 presymptomatic HD; 16 prodromal HD; 14 early-stage HD; 9 mid-stage HD; and 55 matched healthy controls). Objective digital speech measures were derived from speech tasks that fit along a continuum of motor and cognitive complexity. Acoustic features quantified speakers’ articulatory agility, voice quality and speech-timing. Subjects also completed the tests of cognition and upper limb motor function. Results Some presymptomatic HD (furthest from disease onset) differed to healthy controls on timing measures derived from the syllable repetition and monologue. Prodromal HD presented with reduced articulatory agility, reduced speech rate and longer and variable pauses. Speech agility correlated with poorer performance on the upper limb motor test. Conclusion Tasks with a mix of cognitive and motor demands differentiated prodromal HD from their matched control groups. Motor speech tasks alone did not differentiate groups until participants were relatively closer to disease onset or symptomatic. Data demonstrated how ubiquitous behaviors like speech, when analyzed objectively, provide insight into disease related change.
Visual Occlusions Result in Phase Synchrony Within Multiple Brain Regions Involved in Sensory Processing and Balance Control
2022-10-30

Abstract There is a need to develop appropriate balance training interventions to minimize the risk of falls. Recently, we found that intermittent visual occlusions can substantially improve the effectiveness and retention of balance beam walking practice (Symeonidou and Ferris 2022). We sought to determine how the intermittent visual occlusions affect electrocortical activity during beam walking. We hypothesized that areas involved in sensorimotor processing and balance control would demonstrate spectral power changes and inter-trial coherence modulations after loss and restoration of vision. Ten healthy young adults practiced walking on a treadmill-mounted balance beam while wearing high-density EEG and experiencing reoccurring visual occlusions. Results revealed spectral power fluctuations and inter-trial coherence changes in the visual, occipital, temporal, and sensorimotor cortex as well as the posterior parietal cortex and the anterior cingulate. We observed a prolonged alpha increase in the occipital, temporal, sensorimotor, and posterior parietal cortex after the occlusion onset. In contrast, the anterior cingulate showed a strong alpha and theta increase after the occlusion offset. We observed transient phase synchrony in the alpha, theta, and beta bands within the sensory, posterior parietal, and anterior cingulate cortices immediately after occlusion onset and offset. Our results provide support for cross-modal phase resetting and enhanced processing in areas involved in sensory processing and balance control as an explanation for increased long-term balance improvement when training with intermittent visual occlusions. Our training intervention could be implemented in senior and rehabilitation centers, improving the quality of life of elderly and neurologically impaired individuals.