julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Collisional Processes in the Crust of the Northern Tien Shan Inferred From Velocity and Attenuation Tomography Studies
2018-02-01

Abstract Based on seismic data from existing seismic networks in Kyrgyzstan, we have constructed new crustal models of seismic velocity and attenuation for P and S wave s beneath the Kyrgyz Tien Shan. With data from more than 6,000 events recorded by the international KNET network, the most detailed structures were detected in the central‐northern part of the study region, where the Kazakh Shield collides with the northern Tien Shan. The independently computed 3‐D distributions of P and S wave attenuation show features that are consistent with the main structural elements. The high‐attenuation areas correspond to folded areas of the northern Tien Shan, whereas the partitions of the stable Kazakh Shield and the Issyk Kul block match with the low‐attenuation areas. The velocity model reveals some structures that help to determine the details of the collision processes in the northern Tien Shan. In the upper crust, we observe the alternation of several higher‐ and lower‐velocity anomalies that likely represent the interaction of brittle and ductile crustal layers of the collided Kazakh and Tien Shan plates. In deeper sections, both P and S wave velocity models show a prominent low‐velocity anomaly just beneath the northern boundary of Tien Shan. We propose that this anomaly represents an anomalous crustal thickening at the point of underthrusting of the Kazakh Plate beneath Tien Shan.
Formation and evaporation of an electrically charged black hole in conformal gravity
2018-02-01

\\n Extending previous work on the formation and the evaporation of black holes in conformal gravity, in the present paper we study the gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric and electrically charged thin shell of radiation. The process creates a singularity-free black hole. Assuming that in the evaporation process the charge Q is constant, the final product of the evaporation is an extremal remnant with , which is reached in an infinite amount of time. We also discuss the issue of singularity and thermodynamics of black holes in Weyl’s conformal gravity.\\n
Directional communication during movement execution interferes with tremor in Parkinson's disease
2018-02-01

ABSTRACT Background : Both the cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical circuit and the basal ganglia/cortical motor loop have been postulated to be generators of tremor in PD. The recent suggestion that the basal ganglia trigger tremor episodes and the cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical circuitry modulates tremor amplitude combines both competing hypotheses. However, the role of the STN in tremor generation and the impact of proprioceptive feedback on tremor suppression during voluntary movements have not been considered in this model yet. Objectives : The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the STN and proprioceptive feedback in PD tremor generation during movement execution. Methods: Local‐field potentials of the STN as well as electromyographical and electroencephalographical rhythms were recorded in tremor‐dominant and nontremor PD patients while performing voluntary movements of the contralateral hand during DBS surgery. Effective connectivity between these electrophysiological signals were analyzed and compared to electromyographical tremor activity. Results: There was an intensified information flow between the STN and the muscle in the tremor frequencies (5‐8 Hz) for tremor‐dominant, in comparison to nontremor, patients. In both subtypes, active movement was associated with an increase of afferent interaction between the muscle and the cortex in the β‐ and γ‐frequencies. The γ‐frequency (30‐40 Hz) of this communication between muscle and cortex correlated inversely with electromyographical tremor activity. Conclusions : Our results indicate an involvement of the STN in propagation of tremor‐related activity to the muscle. Furthermore, we provide evidence that increased proprioceptive information flow during voluntary movement interferes with central tremor generation. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Controlled iris radiance in a diurnal fish looking at prey
2018-02-01

Active sensing using light, or active photolocation, is only known from deep sea and nocturnal fish with chemiluminescent ‘search’ lights. Bright irides in diurnal fish species have recently been proposed as a potential analogue. Here, we contribute to this discussion by testing whether iris radiance is actively modulated. The focus is on behaviourally controlled iris reflections, called ‘ocular sparks’. The triplefin Tripterygion delaisi can alternate between red and blue ocular sparks, allowing us to test the prediction that spark frequency and hue depend on background hue and prey presence. In a first experiment, we found that blue ocular sparks were significantly more often ‘on’ against red backgrounds, and red ocular sparks against blue backgrounds, particularly when copepods were present. A second experiment tested whether hungry fish showed more ocular sparks, which was not the case. However, background hue once more resulted in a significant differential use of ocular sparks. We conclude that iris radiance through ocular sparks in T. delaisi is not a side effect of eye movement, but adaptively modulated in response to the context under which prey are detected. We discuss the possible alternative functions of ocular sparks, including an as yet speculative role in active photolocation.
Novel Production of Two New Nonpolyenic Antifungal Macrolide Derivatives by Streptomyces Z26 Isolated from Moroccan Rhizospheric Soil
2018-02-01

The aim of our study was to screen Moroccan actinomycete isolates able to produce nonpolyenic antifungal metabolites in order to contribute to limiting the problem of fungal infections emergence in particular mycotic diseases and to discover known antifungal families, especially nonpolyenic drugs. 480 isolates were tested against 5clinically pathogenic &lt;i&gt;Candida &lt;/i&gt;species. Several methods have been used to study the polyenic or non-polyenic nature of the antifungal molecules produced by Actinobacteria (i) The study of the antibacterial activity (the bacterial plasma membrane is devoid of sterols); (ii) The screening of the antimicrobial activity of resistant strains to polyenic antifungals essentially &lt;i&gt;Candida tropicalis R2 &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Pythium irregular&lt;/i&gt;; (iii) The inhibition of antifungal activity by exogenous ergosterol addition in the culture medium and (iv) The UV-Visible light spectrophotometric analysis of the crude extracts of the actinomycete isolates. Among all isolate tested, only 60 (29 %) showed an antifungal activity against all test microorganisms used. Six active isolates meet all the selection criteria and produced nonpolyenic antifungal metabolites. The taxonomic study of the promising isolate Z26, using morphological, physiological and molecular characters, showed that it has 99,43% of similarity with &lt;i&gt;Streptomyces phytohabitans&lt;/i&gt; but there were some differences in morphological characteristics. In addition, the chemical study, using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, of the bioactive substances produced in the Z26 isolate fermentation broth in NL300 culture medium allowed the determination of two macrolide derivatives with chemical structures C&lt;sub&gt;62&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;100&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;24&lt;/sub&gt;(&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;/z 1251.6504 [M+Na]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) and C&lt;sub&gt;68&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;110&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;26&lt;/sub&gt;(&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;/z 1365.7174 [M+Na]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;). NMR experiments revealed that the active compounds were Novonestmycin A and B. The Novonestmycins A and B are for the first time produced by an actinomycete strain purely isolated from the Moroccan ecosystems.
Feasibility of utilizing near‐infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green for super‐selective arterial clamping in pure laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
2018-02-01

None declared. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Replication of ``Processing time shifts affects the execution of motor responses (Sell & Kaschak, 2011; Experiment 1)''
2018-02-01

The present study is a replication of Sell & Kaschak's (2011) Experiment 1 (Movement Condition). The original stimulus material (short texts compromising three sentences) was translated from English into German. We successfully replicated the basic congruency effect of the original study, that is, the interaction effect between direction of manual response and time reference when participants perform a sensicality judgment. In contrast to the original study, this congruency effect was not significantly modulated by the magnitude of time shift. Nevertheless, when the congruency effect was evaluated separately for large and small time shifts, it was significant for large but not for small time shifts. In sum, this replication reinforces the basic conclusion by Sell and Kaschak that the timeline becomes automatically activated when processing temporal sentence information, especially when the time shift is large.
Impact of grid reduction on modelling accuracy of line usage rates
2018-02-01

Grid constraints have a strong influence on the results of energy system optimization models. Since energy system optimization is a problem of high complexity and data e.g. power production potential is not necessarily available for all grid nodes grid reduction is one method to overcome both. It reduces the computational burden and it may fit grid structure to given data.. This paper addresses the influence of grid reduction on line usage rates. Line usage rates are indicators to determine necessary investments for grid reinforcement. Three reduction methodologies, preserving original grid parameters, hence allowing to calculate which line of the original grid needs to be upgraded, are tested. Statistical error measures show that those reduction methodologies lead to high errors for usage rate calculation, due to the influence of the intra-zonal network. The high error rates could be reasoned and approaches were identified which might overcome them.
Destination-specific maximally redundant trees: Design, performance comparison, and applications
2018-02-01

Resilient networks react to a failure by reconfiguring routing tables in a network-wide manner and utilizing fast reroute (FRR) in the meanwhile. FRR uses pre-computed backup paths to avoid the failure locally. The existing FRR approaches for IP networks and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) differ in regard to computational complexity, backup path length, additional forwarding state and required capacities. Maximally Redundant Trees (MRTs) are standardized by the IETF and are already available for IP and MPLS networks. In this paper, we propose destination-specific MRTs (dMRTs), an improved variant of MRTs, for protection of IP networks. This mechanism reduces the generated path lengths but increases the computational complexity of the MRT algorithm. We analyze and compare our proposal with simple MRTs and MPLS FRR. We show on a large and publicly available network data base that dMRTs provide significant shorter backup paths compared to simple MRTs and require less forwarding state and network capacities than MPLS FRR. Adapting an existing FRR mechanism for IP networks to SDN enables its deployment in hybrid-SDN networks. Thus, we outline implementation options of dMRTs in IP and MPLS networks and (d)MRTs in SDN. Finally, we discuss the computational overhead of our proposal in the context of (decentralized) IP networks and (centralized) SDNs.
Effect of AdipoR agonist in cholangiocarcinoma.
2018-02-01

323 Background: Adiponectin is the key adipokine, which plays an important role in health and disease such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Adiponectin is reduced in different tumor types, especially in obesity-related cancer, and recent studies showed that Adiponectin had a potential anti-cancer effect. Obesity is a risk factor for various tumor diseases including cholangiocarcinoma (CC), the second most common primary hepatic cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate for the first time the anti-cancer effect of AdipoR agonist in CC cell lines and a CC engineered mouse model. Methods: Human CC cell lines (TFK-1 and SZ-1) and CC engineered mice (Alb-Cre/KRAS G12D /p53 L/L ) were used to investigate the anti-cancer effects of an AdipoR agonist (2-(4-Benzoylphenoxy)-N-[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-acetamide). Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation, apoptosis assay were applied to evaluate the effect of AdipoR agonist in vitro. In addition, important cancer signalling pathways and targets were analysed by Western Blot. Mice (n = 12) were treated with AdipoR or verhicle and tumor burden and survival were monitored. Results: AdipoR agonist suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation and apoptosis in CC cells. AdipoR agonist regulated the expression of different proteins such as EMT markers, pAMPK, pSTAT3, and PARP, which have pivotal functions in cholangiocarcinogenesis. AdipoR agonist also prolonged survival time in a CC engineered mouse model. Conclusions: Our data revealed that AdipoR agonist inhibited successfully cell proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation and apoptosis in vitro, and prolonged mice survival in vivo through regulation of crucial signaling pathways in cholangiocarcinogenesis. These results suggested that AdipoR agonist might become a new potential candidate for CC treatment in the future.
Dissection of the microProtein miP1 floral repressor complex in Arabidopsis
2018-02-01

SUMMARY MicroProteins have emerged as potent regulators of transcription factor activity. Here we use a combination of forward genetics and proteomics to dissect the miP1a/b microProtein complex that acts to delay the floral transition in Arabidopsis. The microProteins miP1a and miP1b can bridge an interaction between the flowering promoting factor CONSTANS (CO) and the TOPLESS (TPL) co-repressor protein to represses flowering. We find that the JUMONJI14 (JMJ14) histone demethylase is part of this repressor complex that can initiate chromatin changes in FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT ) gene, the direct target of CO. Plants with mutations in JMJ14 exhibit an early flowering phenotype that is largely dependent on the activity of CO , supporting a role for CO in this repressive complex. When mis-expressed at the shoot apex, CO can induce early flowering only in the jmj14 background. Our results indicate that the repressor acts in the shoot apical meristem to keep it in an undifferentiated state until the leaf-derived florigen signal induces the conversion into a floral meristem.
Stress testing of electrically active FlexMEAs with simultaneous electrical recording in fluidic environment: Introduction of a new measurement setup
2018-02-01

We present a measurement setup consisting of two fluid-filled pressure chambers to mimic the mechanical stress likely to that of small body movements on biomedical flexible micro-electrode arrays for the analysis of various degradation mechanisms. Our main goal was the simulation of micro-motions in fluid conditions, while maintaining an electric access to the device. These micro-motions would be likely to those occurring in the human body caused by the intracranial pressure in magnitudes of 7-25 mmHg, which translates to a fluid pressure of 9-33 mbar. Furthermore, severe mechanical stress can be administered to the samples under the previously mentioned environment. Therefore, a flexible, polyimide-based sample with various metal test structures was fabricated and analyzed in the presented measurement setup. A comparison of the elongation of the sample’s surface as a function of the applied hydrostatic pressure is given with computer simulations.
Borenium and boronium ions of 5,6-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]azaborinine and the reaction with non-nucleophilic base: trapping of a dimer and a trimer of BN-phenanthryne by 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine
2018-02-01

Abstract 6-Chloro-5,6-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]azaborinine ( 1 ) reacts with pyridine derivatives to borenium or boronium ions. The boronium ion obtained from reaction with an excess of pyridine could be characterized structurally and transforms into the borenium ion in solution. The reaction of 1 with 2,2′-bipyridine ( a ) and derivatives ( b : 6,6′-dimethyl; c : 4,4′-di- tert -butyl) results in spirocyclic boronium ions 8a–c of which 8b could be characterized by X-ray crystallography. Despite the chelate effect, the spirocyclic boronium ions readily undergo hydrolysis or alcoholysis. Treatment of the spirocyclic boronium ion 8c with potassium hexamethyl disilazide (KHMDS) results in neutral products that are monomers, dimers, or trimers of dibenzo[c,e][1,2]azaborinine (“BN-phenanthryne”) trapped with 4,4′-di- tert -butyl-2,2′-bipyridine by formation of B–C, B–N, or dative B–N bonds, indicative of deprotonation of NH and CH bonds of the boronium ion by KHMDS.
Electron capture and the neutrino mass
2018-02-01

The electron neutrino mass can be determined by electron capture. One expects the largest influence of the neutrino mass on this decay for a small Q value of Q = 2.8 keV for . The energy of the Q value is distributed to the emitted neutrino and the excitation of the Dy atom. Thus the energy difference between the Q value and the upper end of the deexcitation spectrum is the electron neutrino mass. The electron wave functions are calculated selfconsistently by the Dirac-Hartree-Fock approach for the bound and the continuum states. To extract the neutrino mass from the spectrum is only possible, if the background is reduced relative to the present situation. The analysis presented here shows, that the determination of the electron neutrino mass by electron capture is difficult, but seems not to be impossible.
Endoscopic Assistance in Retrosigmoid Transmeatal Approach for the Management of CSF Fistula in Vestibular Schwannomas
2018-02-01

Background Retromastoid transmeatal approach is currently the most commonly used surgical corridor to remove vestibular schwannomas (VS) with intracanalicular extension. To expose this component and intracanalicular portions of cranial nerves VII and VIII, posterior wall of the internal auditory canal (IAC) needs to be drilled. Opened air cells of the temporal bone following drilling the posterior wall of the IAC may lead to postoperative leakage of CSF. The aim of this report is to highlight the importance of using endoscope in management of the opened air cells at the posterior wall of the IAC.
The impact of sex hormones on reward sensitivity in women
2018-02-01

Oral contraceptives (OCs) are the most commonly used method to prevent pregnancy with 200 to 300 million users worldwide (United Nation, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2015). Given recent alarming reports suggesting an association of depression with hormonal contraception (Skovlund et al., 2016), a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this substantial psychological impact of synthetic sex hormone administration in young women is of critical interest. Accumulating evidence suggests that depressive symptoms are associated with major alterations within the brain’s reward sensitivity circuitry (Macoveanu et al., 2016; Russo &amp; Nestler, 2013), which normally serves to guide our attention towards consumption of rewards. Endogenous sex hormones, i.e. hormones naturally fluctuating across the menstrual cycle, have been shown to significantly influence reward sensitivity: in particular fluctuating levels of estrogen (e.g., Smith et al., 2014). However, the impact of synthetic sex hormones, i.e. OCs, on reward sensitivity remains unclear. Because OCs introduce synthetic hormones and modulate the internal hormone production, an influence of OCs on women’s reward sensitivity is likely. Based on previous findings, we expect women taking combined OCs (n = 30) to show enhanced reward sensitivity compared to women not using OCs (n = 30). This hypothesis is tested on a behavioural level using a cross-sectional design: naturally cycling women are assessed during their periovulatory phase, i.e. when estrogen levels are high; in OC-taking women, estrogen levels will be down-regulated and thus, constantly low. T o assess reward sensitivity, we use a delay discounting paradigm with an adaptive Bayesian approach (Pooseh et al., 2017). Additionally, participants complete self-report questionnaires on impulsivity, personality traits, and women’s health. First behavioural results of discounting rates will be presented together with a systematic overview of the status quo of research investigating the impact of sex hormones on reward sensitivity in women.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a game-based rational number training - In-game metrics as learning indicators
2018-02-02

It was argued recently that number line based training supports the development of conceptual rational number knowledge. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated training effects of a digital game based on the measurement interpretation of rational numbers. Ninety-five fourth graders were assigned to either a game-based training group (n = 54) who played a digital rational number game for five 30-min sessions or a control group (n = 41) who attended regular math curriculum. Conceptual rational number knowledge was assessed in a pre- and posttest session. Additionally, the game groups' playing behavior was evaluated. Results indicated that the game-based training group improved their conceptual rational number knowledge significantly more strongly than the control group. In particular, improvement of the game-based training group was driven by significant performance increases in number magnitude estimation and ordering tasks. Moreover, results revealed that in-game metrics, such as overall game performance and maximum level achieved provided valid information about students' conceptual rational number knowledge at posttest. Therefore, results of the current study not only suggest that aspects of conceptual rational number knowledge can be improved by a game-based training but also that in-game metrics provide crucial indicators for learning.
Personalized Medicine in Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy
2018-02-02

Inflammatory cardiomyopathy is the result of persistent myocardial inflammation which can arise from both infectious or noninfectious causes. While most patients with acute myocarditis recover, up to 20% develop inflammatory cardiomyopathy with chronic heart failure. The interaction between host factors and factors of the agent that triggered myocardial inflammation must be considered to fully understand the individual mechanism of disease. Several inflammatory biomarkers, histology, immunohistochemistry, advanced imaging technologies as well as molecular high-throughput sequencing techniques help to identify disease pathways and to establish a comprehensive, individualized treatment approach, which can include anti-inflammatory medication, antiviral drugs and heart failure therapy. This might help to prevent transition from acute inflammation to persistent heart failure and to restore cardiac function.