julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Projections of declining fluvial sediment delivery to major deltas worldwide in response to climate change and anthropogenic stress
2019-07-09

Abstract Deltas are resource rich, low-lying areas where vulnerability to flooding is exacerbated by natural and anthropogenically induced subsidence and geocentric sea-level rise, threatening the large populations often found in these settings. Delta ‘drowning’ is potentially offset by deposition of sediment on the delta surface, making the delivery of fluvial sediment to the delta a key balancing control in offsetting relative sea-level rise, provided that sediment can be dispersed across the subaerial delta. Here we analyse projected changes in fluvial sediment flux over the 21st century to 47 of the world’s major deltas under 12 environmental change scenarios. The 12 scenarios were constructed using four climate pathways (Representative Concentration Pathways 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5), three socioeconomic pathways (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 1, 2 and 3), and one reservoir construction timeline. A majority (33/47) of the investigated deltas are projected to experience reductions in sediment flux by the end of the century, when considering the average of the scenarios, with mean and maximum declines of 38% and 83%, respectively, between 1990–2019 and 2070–2099. These declines are driven by the effects of anthropogenic activities (changing land management practices and dam construction) overwhelming the effects of future climate change. The results frame the extent and magnitude of future sustainability of major global deltas. They highlight the consequences of direct (e.g. damming) and indirect (e.g. climate change) alteration of fluvial sediment flux dynamics and stress the need for further in-depth analysis for individual deltas to aid in developing appropriate management measures.
Mineral Defects Enhance Bioavailability of Goethite toward Microbial Fe(III) Reduction
2019-07-09

Surface defects have been shown to facilitate electron transfer between Fe(II) and goethite (α-FeOOH) in abiotic systems. It is unclear, however, whether defects also facilitate microbial goethite reduction in anoxic environments where electron transfer between cells and Fe(III) minerals is the limiting factor. Here, we used stable Fe isotopes to differentiate microbial reduction of goethite synthesized by hydrolysis from reduction of goethite that was further hydrothermally treated to remove surface defects. The goethites were reduced by <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i> in the presence of an external electron shuttle, and we used ICP-MS to distinguish Fe(II) produced from the reduction of the two types of goethite. When reduced separately, goethite with more defects has an initial rate of Fe(III) reduction about 2-fold higher than goethite containing fewer defects. However, when reduced together, the initial rate of reduction is 6-fold higher for goethite with more defects. Our results suggest that there is a suppression of the reduction of goethite with fewer defects in favor of the reduction of minerals with more defects. In the environment, minerals are likely to contain defects and our data demonstrates that even small changes at the surface of iron minerals may change their bioavailability and determine which minerals will be reduced.
Monkey EEG links neuronal color and motion information across species and scales
2019-07-09

It remains challenging to relate EEG and MEG to underlying circuit processes and comparable experiments on both spatial scales are rare. To close this gap between invasive and non-invasive electrophysiology we developed and recorded human-comparable EEG in macaque monkeys during visual stimulation with colored dynamic random dot patterns. Furthermore, we performed simultaneous microelectrode recordings from 6 areas of macaque cortex and human MEG. Motion direction and color information were accessible in all signals. Tuning of the non-invasive signals was similar to V4 and IT, but not to dorsal and frontal areas. Thus, MEG and EEG were dominated by early visual and ventral stream sources. Source level analysis revealed corresponding information and latency gradients across cortex. We show how information-based methods and monkey EEG can identify analogous properties of visual processing in signals spanning spatial scales from single units to MEG – a valuable framework for relating human and animal studies.
Interaction of N‐acetyl‐l‐glutamate kinase with the PII signal transducer in the non‐photosynthetic alga Polytomella parva: Co‐evolution towards a hetero‐oligomeric enzyme
2019-07-09

During evolution, several algae and plants became heterotrophic and lost photosynthesis; however, in most cases, a nonphotosynthetic plastid was maintained. Among these organisms, the colourless alga Polytomella parva is a special case, as its plastid is devoid of any DNA , but is maintained for specific metabolic tasks carried out by nuclear encoded enzymes. This makes P. parva attractive to study molecular events underlying the transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic lifestyle. Here we characterize metabolic adaptation strategies of P. parva in comparison to the closely related photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with a focus on the role of plastid‐localized PII signalling protein. Polytomella parva accumulates significantly higher amounts of most TCA cycle intermediates as well as glutamate, aspartate and arginine, the latter being specific for the colourless plastid. Correlating with the altered metabolite status, the carbon/nitrogen sensory PII signalling protein and its regulatory target N‐acetyl‐ l ‐glutamate‐kinase ( NAGK ; the controlling enzyme of arginine biosynthesis) show unique features: They have co‐evolved into a stable hetero‐oligomeric complex, irrespective of effector molecules. The PII signalling protein, so far known as a transiently interacting signalling protein, appears as a permanent subunit of the enzyme NAGK . NAGK requires PII to properly sense the feedback inhibitor arginine, and moreover, PII tunes arginine‐inhibition in response to glutamine. No other PII effector molecules interfere, indicating that the PII ‐ NAGK system in P. parva has lost the ability to estimate the cellular energy and carbon status but has specialized to provide an entirely glutamine‐dependent arginine feedback control, highlighting the evolutionary plasticity of PII signalling system.
Impact of social support on psychosocial symptoms and quality of life in cancer patients: results of a multilevel model approach from a longitudinal multicenter study
2019-07-09

<b>Background:</b> This prospective multicenter study aimed to investigate the courses of positive support (PS) and detrimental interaction (DI), two different aspects of social support, and the relation between social support and psychosocial distress and/or health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a large sample of patients with different cancers. <b>Methods:</b> For this observational study, we enrolled adult patients with cancer from 13 comprehensive cancer centers (CCCs) in Germany. We included a total of 1087 patients in our analysis. We assessed the outcomes via standardized self-report questionnaires at three measurement points: at admission for acute care (T1), 6 (T2) and 12 months (T3) thereafter. Our outcome variables included PS and DI, depression and anxiety symptoms, distress, mental quality of life (MQoL) and physical QoL (PQoL). Data were analyzed using three-level hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and group-based trajectory modeling. <b>Results:</b> During the first year after the cancer diagnosis, both PS and DI decreased in our sample. Baseline depression symptom severity was a significant predictor of PS and DI. Further analyses revealed significant associations between PS, DI and the course of depression and anxiety symptoms, and MQoL. PS buffered the negative effects of DI with regards to these variables. Low DI was associated with better PQoL, whereas PS was not. In general, the impact of social support on psychosocial outcomes was weak to moderate. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings provide evidence for the influence of PS and DI on psychosocial symptoms and HRQOL, and emphasize the importance of psycho-oncological interventions that strengthen PS and prevent or reduce DI for patients with cancer and their relatives.
Substructures in the Keplerian disc around the O-type (proto-)star G17.64+0.16
2019-07-09

We present the highest angular resolution (∼20 × 15 mas–44 × 33 au) Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) observations that are currently possible of the proto-O-star G17.64+0.16 in Band 6. The Cycle 5 observations with baselines out to 16 km probe scales &lt; 50 au and reveal the rotating disc around G17.64+0.16, a massive forming O-type star. The disc has a ring-like enhancement in the dust emission that is especially visible as arc structures to the north and south. The Keplerian kinematics are most prominently seen in the vibrationally excited water line, H 2 O 5 5, 0 −6 4, 3 ν 2 = 1 ( E u = 3461.9 K). The mass of the central source found by modelling the Keplerian rotation is consistent with 45 ± 10 M ⊙ . The H30 α (231.9 GHz) radio-recombination line and the SiO (5-4) molecular line were detected at up to the ∼10 σ level. The estimated disc mass is 0.6 − 2.6 M ⊙ under the optically thin assumption. Analysis of the Toomre Q parameter in the optically thin regime indicates that the disc stability is highly dependent on temperature. The disc currently appears stable for temperatures &gt; 150 K; this does not preclude that the substructures formed earlier through disc fragmentation.
Blade Technology Characterizing the MIS 5 D-A Layers of Sibudu Cave, South Africa
2019-07-09

Blade technology, long associated solely with the Upper Paleolithic (UP) as an indicator of modern behavior, appears as early as the Middle Pleistocene and is present during the Middle Paleolithic (MP) and the Middle Stone Age (MSA). The nature behind the appearance of early laminar assemblages remains poorly understood. Yet current excavations at Sibudu Cave (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) have yielded MIS 5 lithic assemblages that contribute to the understanding of the diversity of blade technologies during the MSA. Following the chaîne opératoire approach, we explain how the knappers at Sibudu developed a laminar reduction strategy characterized by unidirectional cores with a lateral crest opposite a flat surface. The core configuration facilitated the production of blades with different intended morphological characteristics. Our results highlight the distinctiveness of the laminar reduction system of the D-A layers and foster the discussion on the role of this technological choice within the Southern African MSA.
Invariant NKT Cells From Donor Lymphocyte Infusions (DLI-iNKTs) Promote ex vivo Lysis of Leukemic Blasts in a CD1d-Dependent Manner
2019-07-09

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a curative treatment option for hematologic malignancies but relapse remains the most common cause of death. Infusion of donor lymphocytes (DLIs) can induce remission and prolong survival by exerting graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effects. However, sufficient tumor control cannot be established in all patients and occurrence of graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) prevents further dose escalation. Previous data indicate that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells promote anti-tumor immunity without exacerbating GVHD. In the present study we investigated lysis of leukemic blasts through iNKT cells from donor-derived lymphocytes for leukemia control and found that iNKT cells constitute about 0.12% of cryopreserved donor T cells. Therefore, we established a 2-week cell culture protocol allowing for a robust expansion of iNKT cells from cryopreserved DLIs (DLI-iNKTs) that can be used for further preclinical and clinical applications. Such DLI-iNKTs efficiently lysed leukemia cell lines and primary patient AML blasts <i>ex vivo</i> in a dose- and CD1d-dependent manner. Furthermore, expression of CD1d on target cells was required to release proinflammatory cytokines and proapoptotic effector molecules. Our results suggest that iNKT cells from donor-derived lymphocytes are involved in anti-tumor immunity after allo-HCT and therefore may reduce the risk of relapse and improve progression-free and overall survival.
Compensatory mechanisms affect sensorimotor integration during ongoing vocal-motor acts in marmoset monkeys
2019-07-09

Abstract In vertebrates, any transmission of vocal signals faces the challenge of acoustic interferences such as heavy rain, wind, animal, or urban sounds. Consequently, several mechanisms and strategies have evolved to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio. Examples to increase detectability are the Lombard effect, an involuntary rise in call amplitude in response to masking ambient noise, which is often associated with several other vocal changes such as call frequency and duration, as well as the animals’ capability of limiting calling to periods where noise perturbation is absent. Previous studies revealed rapid vocal flexibility and various audio-vocal integration mechanisms in marmoset monkeys. Using acoustic perturbation triggered by vocal behavior, we investigated whether marmoset monkeys are capable of exhibiting changes in call structure when perturbing noise starts after call onset or whether such effects only occur if noise perturbation starts prior to call onset. We show that marmoset monkeys are capable of rapidly modulating call amplitude and frequency in response to such perturbing noise bursts. Vocalizations swiftly increased call frequency after noise onset indicating a rapid effect of perturbing noise on vocal motor pattern production. Call amplitudes were also affected. Interestingly, however, the marmosets did not exhibit the Lombard effect as previously reported but decreased their call intensity in response to perturbing noise. Our findings indicate that marmosets possess a general avoidance strategy to call in the presences of ambient noise and suggest that these animals are capable of counteracting a previously thought involuntary audio-vocal mechanism, the Lombard effect, presumably via cognitive control processes.
Accompaniment by participation: The interpretation of <i>mit</i> as a free particle in German
2019-07-09

This paper is about the interpretation of free mit ‘with’ in German as exemplified by Ben bastelt mit am Rad (lit. Ben tinkers with with the bike) ‘Ben is participating in a tinkering with the bike’ and Ben ist mit der größte (lit. Ben is with the tallest) ‘Ben belongs to the tallest people’. It provides a uniform compositional semantics according to which free mit distributes its target predication over the explicit subject and implicit alternatives in such a way that the subject is said to accompany an implicit host situation by participation. The proposal thus argues against previous approaches that treat free mit as a focus particle or an elliptical PP and that consider its combination with the superlative a separate construction. The evidence is drawn from a wide range of semantic-pragmatic properties not disclosed before: free mit is insensitive to focus and projection, while it introduces a distinction between a discourse-transparent accompaniment by the subject referent and discourse-opaque alternatives. Most crucially, free mit is only compatible with predication types that support an extension by accompaniment. While the analysis zooms in on a special lexeme, it also advances more general topics: the opposition between constructional and compositional approaches to the constitution of meaning, accompaniment relations as a vital diagnostic for the ontological foundation of predication types, and the intriguing behavior of the superlative in distributional contexts.
Core Neuropsychological Measures for Obesity and Diabetes Trials Project: Initial Report (Version 2)
2019-07-09

The Core Neuropsychological Measures for Obesity and Diabetes Trials Project aimed to identify the key cognitive and perceptual domains in which performance can influence treatment outcomes, including predicting, mediating, and moderating treatment outcome and to generate neuropsychological batteries comprised of well-validated, easy-to-administer tests that best measure these key domains. The ultimate goal is to facilitate inclusion of neuropsychological measures in clinical studies and trials so that we can gather more information on potential mediators of obesity and diabetes treatment outcomes. We will present the rationale for the project and three options for the neuropsychological batteries to satisfy varying time and other administration constraints.
Ultradense Tailored Vortex Pinning Arrays in Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δThin Films Created by Focused He Ion Beam Irradiation for Fluxonics Applications
2019-07-10

Magnetic fields penetrate a type-II superconductor as magnetic flux quanta, called vortices. In a clean superconductor they arrange in a hexagonal lattice, while by adding periodic artificial pinning centers many other arrangements can be realized. Using the focused beam of a helium ion microscope we have fabricated periodic patterns of dense pinning centers with spacings as small as 70 nm in thin films of the cuprate superconductor YBa Cu O . In these ultradense kagom\\'e-like patterns, the voids lead to magnetic caging of vortices, resulting in unconventional commensurability effects that manifest themselves as peaks in the critical current and minima in the resistance versus applied magnetic field up to T. The various vortex patterns at different magnetic fields are analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations of vortex motion, and the magnetic field dependence of the critical current is confirmed. These findings open the way for a controlled manipulation of vortices in cuprate superconductors by artificial sub-100 nm pinning landscapes.
Functional Connectivity Within the Gustatory Network Is Altered by Fat Content and Oral Fat Sensitivity – A Pilot Study
2019-07-10

<b>Background:</b> The amount of fat in ingested food dictates specific activation patterns in the brain, particularly in homeostatic and reward-related areas. Taste-specific brain activation changes have also been shown and the sensitivity to the oral perception of fat is associated with differential eating behavior and physiological parameters. The association between oral fat sensitivity and neuronal network functions has, however, not yet been defined. <b>Objective:</b> We aimed to investigate the association between fat-dependent neuronal functional connectivity patterns and oral fat sensitivity. <b>Design:</b> To investigate the underlying changes in network dynamics caused by fat intake, we measured resting-state functional connectivity in 11 normal-weight male participants before and after a high- vs. a low-fat meal on two separate study days. Oral fat sensitivity was also measured on both days. We used a high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence to measure any connectivity changes in networks with the seed in the brainstem (nucleus tractus solitarii, NTS), in homeostatic (hypothalamus) and in reward regions (ventral and dorsal striatum). Seed-based functional connectivity (FC) maps were analyzed using factorial analyses and correlation analyses with oral fat sensitivity were also performed. <b>Results:</b> Regardless of fat content, FC between NTS and reward and gustatory areas was lower after ingestion. Oral fat sensitivity was positively correlated with FC between homeostatic regions and limbic areas in the high-fat condition, but negatively correlated with FC between the dorsal striatum and somatosensory regions in the low-fat condition. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results show the interaction of oral fat sensitivity with the network based neuronal processing of high- vs. low-fat meals. Variations in neuronal connectivity network patterns might therefore be a possible moderator of the association of oral fat sensitivity and eating behavior.
Observed and simulated turbulent kinetic energy (WRF 3.8.1) overlarge offshore wind farms
2019-07-10

Abstract. Because wind farms affect local weather and microclimates, parameterizations of their effects have been developed for numerical weather prediction models. While most wind farm parameterizations (WFP) include drag effects of wind farms, models differ on whether or not an additional turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) source should be included in these parameterizations to simulate the impact of wind farms on the boundary layer. Therefore, we use aircraft measurements above large offshore wind farms in stable conditions to evaluate WFP choices. Of the three case studies we examine, we find the simulated ambient background flow to agree with observations of temperature stratification and winds. This agreement allowing us to explore the sensitivity of simulated wind farm effects with respect to modeling choices such as whether or not to include a TKE source, horizontal resolution, vertical resolution, and advection of TKE. For a stably stratified marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL), a TKE source and a horizontal resolution in the order of 5 km or finer are necessary to represent the impact of offshore wind farms on the MABL. Additionally, TKE advection results in excessively reduced TKE over the wind farms, which in turn causes an underestimation of the wind speed above the wind farm. Furthermore, using fine vertical resolution increases the agreement of the simulated wind speed with satellite observations of surface wind speed.
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma NOS arising in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma of cytotoxic phenotype
2019-07-10

The vast majority of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) are derived from germinal center B-cells, and owing to its characteristic nuclear expression of the B-cell transcription factor PAX5, CHL can b...
U.S. Demand for European Soccer Telecasts: A Between-Country Test of the Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis
2019-07-10

Demand studies in sports relying on <i>within</i>-country settings are suggestive of cross-continental differences with regard to game uncertainty preferences. While North Americans seem to have a preference for tighter games, Europeans prefer games involving a favorite. Our study is the first to test this suggested pattern in a <i>between</i>-country setting with individual-level data. In contrast to the existing evidence from <i>within</i>-country settings, our demand models show that U.S. consumers do not value game uncertainty when watching European soccer. This finding suggests that, when examining the <i>same</i> sport, European and North American consumers’ preferences seem to be quite similar.
Comparison of Multivariate Spatial Dependence Structures of DPIL and Flowmeter Hydraulic Conductivity Data Sets at the MADE Site
2019-07-10

We analyse two datasets of hydraulic conductivity (K) from the MAcroDispersion Experiment (MADE) site, one measured by direct-push injection logging (DPIL) and the other by flowmeter profiling. The analysis is performed using copula techniques which do not rely on the assumption of multivariate Gaussianity and provide a means to characterise differing degrees of spatial dependence in different quantiles of the K distribution. This characterisation provides better insights into the similarities and differences between the two datasets. In addition to the marginal distributions and the traditional two-point geostatistical measures, copula-based bivariate rank correlation and asymmetry measures are analysed and compared. Furthermore, the parameter estimates obtained by likelihood estimation using n-point theoretical models are analysed. This analysis confirms the similarity of the spatial dependence of K between the two datasets in terms of their marginal distributions and bivariate measures, particularly in the vertical direction. We demonstrate clear indications of the existence of non-Gaussian spatial dependence structures of K at this site. We were able to improve the estimation of the K distribution by taking into account either non-Gaussianity or a censoring threshold, which are expected to lead to a more realistic description of processes that are dependent on K.