julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Aggregating the Gaussian Experts' Predictions via Undirected Graphical Models
2022-01-01

Distributed Gaussian process (DGP) is a popular approach to scale Gaussian processes to big data which divides the training data into some subsets, performs local inference for each partition, and aggregates the results to acquire global prediction. To combine the local predictions, the conditional independence assumption is used which basically means there is a perfect diversity between the subsets. Although it keeps the aggregation tractable, it is often violated in practice and generally yields poor results. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for aggregating the Gaussian experts' predictions by Gaussian graphical model (GGM) where the target aggregation is defined as an unobserved latent variable and the local predictions are the observed variables. We first estimate the joint distribution of la-tent and observed variables using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. The interaction between experts can be en-coded by the precision matrix of the joint distribution and the aggregated predictions are obtained based on the property of conditional Gaussian distribution. Using both synthetic and real datasets, our experimental evaluations illustrate that our new method outperforms other state-of-the-art DGP approaches.
Pertinax and Plots in theHistoria Augusta: A Dismissal in 170 and Two Conspiracies in 193 CE
2022-01-01

Abstract This article examines two attempted senatorial coups against Pertinax during his brief reign in 193 CE. By examining literary and epigraphic evidence related to these coups, I argue that Pertinax's political opponents in 193 should be understood to come from a particular political and dynastic network, and that this network represents the final attempt of the connections of Lucius Verus to compete for the imperial power. Further support for this argument is adduced via an analysis of Pertinax's dismissal from a procuratorial post in 170, where there is circumstantial and prosopographical evidence to suggest opposition deriving from connections of this same network earlier in his career. I conclude by discussing how, through the analysis of these coups and similar incidents, we may gain insights into socio-political conflicts at a crisis point for the imperial aristocracy, and how they illustrate the ongoing importance of Antonine dynastic politics, ever-present but sometimes difficult to see.
The Evolutionary Pattern of Language in English Fiction Over the Last Two Centuries: Insights From Linguistic Concreteness and Imageability
2022-01-01

Fiction has come to play an essential part in human culture and life in recent centuries. Because of its importance, the language or discourse of fiction has been widely studied. Discerning the evolutionary pattern of language in fiction is greatly helpful in understanding the changes in human culture and society. However, most previous studies on literary language that made use of quantitative or computational methods restricted themselves to a few authors or groups and only took into account a relative short span of time. Furthermore, most of the quantitative analysis therein was based on a primary and rather primitive algorithm that summarizes the frequencies of linguistic units in corpora. To overcome these limitations, this study uses semantic similarity as computed by semi-supervised methods to examine diachronic changes. In this study, the three large-scale corpora representing the English language and English fiction were used to investigate the evolutionary patterns concerning diachronic concreteness/imageability. The data from the two measures are well mapped and shown to support the argument that English fiction, as a special genre, exhibits an evolutionary tendency toward increasing concreteness/imageability. This indicates that modern fiction may have become increasingly important in human society, but easier to read and process in words than 19th century English fiction. This study proposed that learnability, genre difference, the changes of population size, and the other factors might have caused the systemic change. The current study is thus an important contribution to understanding the evolutionary trend of language in fiction as well as understanding the development of the English language as a whole. This study creates a novel quantitative methodology and applies this to the examination of diachronic changes of language in literary works.
Relatively mild blue cone monochromacy phenotype caused by various haplotypes in the L- and M-cone opsin genes.
2022-01-01

The present study included genetic and clinical data from the largest cohort of patients with exon 3 haplotypes that were previously shown to cause missplicing of the <i>OPN1LW</i> and <i>OPN1MW</i> genes. Analysis of the clinical data revealed better best-corrected visual acuity, more severe myopia, and higher 30-Hz cone flicker responses in the patients with exon 3 haplotypes than in those with typical BCM.
Evaluation of the Dementia Apraxia Test in Parkinson’s Disease Patients
2022-01-01

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Ideomotor apraxia, a disorder of skilled movements affecting limbs and/or face, can be seen in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet tests of apraxia in PD are rare. The aim of this project was to evaluate the psychometric properties and validity of the Dementia Apraxia Test (DATE) in a PD sample. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; 118 PD patients were included. Besides DATE performance, motor and non-motor burden, cognition, and activity of daily living (ADL) function were assessed. Patients were classified as cognitively impaired (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 41) or non-cognitively impaired (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 77). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Interrater reliability of the DATE (sub-)scores between video ratings and on-site ratings by the investigator was good (0.81 ≤ &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ≤ 0.87). Items were mostly easy to perform, especially the buccofacial apraxia items, which had also low discriminatory power. DATE scores were associated with cognition and ADL function. DATE performance was confounded by motor impairment and patients’ age; however, when analysed for both cognitive groups separately, the correlation between DATE and motor performance was not significant. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Discussion/Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The DATE seems to be an objective and predominantly valid apraxia screening tool for PD patients, with a few items needing revision. Due to the potential effect of motor impairment and age, standardized scores adjusting for these confounders are needed.
Full-length standing radiographs can be used for determination of the Femoral neck-shaft angle but not acetabular coverage
2022-01-01

Introduction : The exact evaluation of hip morphology is essential for surgical planning. A wide range of morphometric measures of the acetabulum is deduced from conventional anterior-posterior (ap) pelvic radiographs. Full-length weight-bearing radiographs (FLWBR) also depict the acetabulum and are commonly used for osteotomy planning of the lower limb. This study aimed to determine whether FLWBR can be used to evaluate acetabular morphology. Methods : Radiographs of patients receiving a hip workup that included a conventional ap pelvic X-ray and FLWBR were utilized for radiographic measurements. The following parameters were measured: extrusion index of the femoral head, anterior wall index, posterior wall index, lateral center edge angle (LCE), acetabular index, pubic arc angle (subpubic angle), and centrum-collum-diaphyseal angle (CCD). Results : FLWBR depicted a significantly reduced anterior coverage ( p = 0.049) and increased posterior coverage ( p &lt; 0.001), higher acetabular index ( p = 0.015), and higher pubic-arc angle ( p = 0.02) compared to conventional ap pelvic radiographs. There were no significant differences regarding the CCD angle ( p = 0.28), extrusion index ( p = 0.31), and LCE ( p = 0.16). Discussion : The CCD angle of the femur can be measured on conventional ap radiographs and full-length weight-bearing X-rays for lower limb deformity analysis. However, FLWBR will depict an anteverted acetabular morphology, rendering conventional ap radiographs necessary for planning pelvic osteotomies.
Quantification of electrosurgery-related critical events during laparoscopic cholecystectomy – a prospective experimental study among surgical novices
2022-01-01

Uncontrolled movement of instruments in laparoscopic surgery can lead to inadvertent tissue damage, particularly when the dissecting or electrosurgical instrument is located outside the field of view of the laparoscopic camera. The incidence and relevance of such events are currently unknown. The present work aims to identify and quantify potentially dangerous situations using the example of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Twenty-four final year medical students were prompted to each perform four consecutive LC attempts on a well-established box trainer in a surgical training environment following a standardized protocol in a porcine model. The following situation was defined as a critical event (CE): the dissecting instrument was inadvertently located outside the laparoscopic camera’s field of view. Simultaneous activation of the electrosurgical unit was defined as a highly critical event (hCE). Primary endpoint was the incidence of CEs. While performing 96 LCs, 2895 CEs were observed. Of these, 1059 (36.6%) were hCEs. The median number of CEs per LC was 20.5 (range: 1–125; IQR: 33) and the median number of hCEs per LC was 8.0 (range: 0–54, IQR: 10). Mean total operation time was 34.7 min (range: 15.6–62.5 min, IQR: 14.3 min). Our study demonstrates the significance of CEs as a potential risk factor for collateral damage during LC. Further studies are needed to investigate the occurrence of CE in clinical practice, not just for laparoscopic cholecystectomy but also for other procedures. Systematic training of future surgeons as well as technical solutions address this safety issue.
P181 IBD patients with early clinical and sonographic improvements achieve better long-term outcomes than patients with clinical improvements alone – one-year interim results of the TRUST BEYOND study
2022-01-01

Abstract Background In the treat-to-target era, frequent and objective monitoring of disease activity in IBD patients is emphasized [1]. Over the past years, intestinal ultrasound (IUS) has become a useful modality to monitor and assess disease activity and response to therapy. (Trans)mural response and healing examined by IUS have emerged as outcome measures of growing interest and potential therapeutic goals in the IBD community [2–4]. However, the predictive value of a composite clinical/IUS improvement for the long-term outcome remains elusive. Methods TRUST BEYOND is an ongoing, prospective, observational, multi-centre study in patients with active CD or UC initiating a biologic- or Januskinase-inhibitor (JAKi)-therapy at baseline. The aim of this study is to assess the predictive value of IUS parameters evaluated at week 12 for the long-term outcome after 52 weeks (assessed by clinical+ sonographic endpoints). For this interim analysis, 89 IBD patients (39 CD, 50 UC) with a documented visit at week 52 until September were included. The predictive value of (trans)mural response (TR; reduction of ≥ 25% in bowel wall thickness, BWT) and clinical remission at W12 was evaluated for the outcome at W52. Results Eighty-nine IBD patients in clinical flare with increased BWT were included into this analysis. Patients were predominantly female (53.9%,n=48) with a median age of 34.3 years (29.0–51.5) and a median disease duration of 7.18 years (2.31–13.47). Following the induction of advanced therapy, the rate of IBD patients with a (trans)mural response increased from 67.4% (n=60) at W12 to 73.0% (n=65) at W52. Likewise, the proportion of IBD patients demonstrating a (trans)mural healing rose from 32.6% (n=29) at W12 to 41.6% (n=37) at W52. Of note, 53.5% (n=38) of IBD patients who achieved the composite endpoint “clinical remission and (trans)mural response” at W12 were in clinical remission at W52 while only 23.9% of patients who were only in clinical remission at W12 sustained clinical remission until W52 (p=0.007). Moreover, patients achieving both early clinical remission and (trans)mural response had better sonographic outcomes at W52. Fig 1: W52 outcomes of patients with either clinical remission and (trans)mural response or only clinical remission at W12. Conclusion IBD patients who reached the composite endpoint clinical remission and (trans)mural response at week 12 had better outcomes after 1 year compared to patients in early clinical remission only. Our results strongly suggest that it is worth treating patients to composite clinical and sonographic endpoints. Reference 1. Turner D et al. Gastroenterol. 2021; 2 Kucharzik T et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 3 Maaser C et al. Gut 2020; 4 Wilkens R et al. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021
Tropical Jucys covers
2022-01-01

We study monotone and strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers from a bosonic Fock space perspective. This yields to an interpretation in terms of tropical geometry involving local multiplicities given by Gromov-Witten invariants. Furthermore, this enables us to prove that a main result of Cavalieri-Johnson-Markwig-Ranganathan is actually equivalent to the Gromov-Witten/Hurwitz correspondence by Okounkov-Pandharipande for the equivariant Riemann sphere.
Semantic Risk-aware Costmaps for Robots in Industrial Applications using Deep Learning on Abstracted Safety Classes from Synthetic Data
2022-01-01

For collision and obstacle avoidance as well as trajectory planning, robots usually generate and use a simple 2D costmap without any semantic information about the detected obstacles.Thus a robot's path planning will simply adhere to an arbitrarily large safety margin around obstacles.A more optimal approach is to adjust this safety margin according to the class of an obstacle.For class prediction, an image processing convolutional neural network can be trained.One of the problems in the development and training of any neural network is the creation of a training dataset.The first part of this work describes methods and free open source software, allowing a fast generation of annotated datasets.Our pipeline can be applied to various objects and environment settings and is extremely easy to use to anyone for synthesising training data from 3D source data.We create a fully synthetic industrial environment dataset with 10 k physically-based rendered images and annotations.Our dataset and sources are publicly available at https://github.com/LJMP/synthetic-industrial-dataset.Subsequently, we train a convolutional neural network with our dataset for costmap safety class prediction.We analyse different class combinations and show that learning the safety classes end-to-end directly with a small dataset, instead of using a class lookup table, improves the quantity and precision of the predictions.
The Trivialization of Mathematical Logic (1949)
2022-01-01

This article is a corrected reprint of K. R. Popper (1949a). The Trivialization of Mathematical Logic. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Philosophy. Ed. by E. W. Beth, H. J. Pos, and J. H. A. Hollak. Vol. 1. North-Holland, pp. 722–727, including the corrections from K. R. Popper (1949b). Errata. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Philosophy. Ed. by E. W. Beth, H. J. Pos, and J. H. A. Hollak. Vol. 1. North-Holland, p. 1259.
New Foundations for Logic (1947)
2022-01-01

This article is a corrected reprint of K. R. Popper (1947c). New Foundations for Logic. In: Mind 56 (223), pp. 193–235. Errata and additional footnotes have been inserted from K. R. Popper (1948e). Corrections and Additions to "New Foundations for Logic". In: Mind 57 (225), pp. 69–70.
Reading Jerome’s De viris illustribus in the Post-Roman World: Cataloguing Community in Gennadius of Marseille and Frechulf of Lisieux
2022-01-01

Catalogues of the names and writings of religious authors and authorities were one of the most enduring forms of biographical collection in the Middle Ages, with rich and varied traditions surviving in both Christian and Islamic contexts. In the Christian world, Jerome’s De viris illustribus (On Illustrious Men) was foundational. Written in 392/393, Jerome’s catalogue of authorities was frequently read and used as a source of information for over a millennium; furthermore, its list of authors was variously expanded and continued. In this chapter, we focus on two moments in the long history of Jerome’s De viris illustribus: the Late Roman Empire and the Carolingian world respectively. More specifically, we examine two particular instances of this reception: Gennadius of Marseille’s late 5th-century continuation of Jerome’s original list of ›illustrious men‹ provides the first case study; the Carolingian historian Frechulf of Lisieux, who was critical reader of Jerome’s catalogue, is the subject of the second case study. In each of these case studies, we analyse – individually and then comparatively – the reworkings and reinterpretations of Jerome’s bio-bibliographic compendium in order to gain to a better understanding of the thematic structure, the authorial choices and the genre-related methodological problems presented in the texts of Gennadius and Frechulf. We examine the tensions that are inherent to such continuations and reworkings, between the thematic foci and agenda introduced by different author-continuators and between groups represented within the texts and the specific authors and audiences writing and reading them.
White-on-red painted pottery in the Early Neolithic: a comparative analysis
2022-01-01

Painted pottery plays a significant role in explaining early farming communities. The remarkable styles of white-on-red painted pottery can be considered one of the most well-known characteristics in the Early Neolithic Balkans. This preliminary study attempts to clarify the picture, comparing white-on-red painted pottery between sites in the Balkans, the Aegean and Western Anatolia. Correspondence analysis and distribution maps are used to explore regional and interregional connections.
Brief Presentation and Key Project Results
2022-01-01

Abstract poliTE—Social Appropriateness for Artificial Assistants examined the phenomenon of social appropriateness through the lens of ‘cultural techniques’ to understand socially shared contexts of action and their potential transferability to human–machine interactions.
A Rydberg Gas Terahertz Sensor
2022-01-01

We report the ongoing development of a Rydberg atom-based detector for sensing terahertz radiation. It will be used to characterize the emission properties of a superconducting terahertz emitter and a terahertz quantum-cascade laser.
Prevalence of &lt;i&gt;Plasmodium falciparum&lt;/i&gt; Submicroscopic Infection and Pregnancy Outcomes in Congolese Women at Delivery
2022-01-01

Suphodoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) acts by inhibiting <i>P. falciparum</i> replication, therefore, long term use of SP in malarial endemic sittings as intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) during pregnancy might lead to increased risk of submicroscopic parasitaemia. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of submicroscopic <i>P. falciparum</i> infection in women at delivery from southern Brazzaville, where IPT-SP has been implemented since 2004, and investigate the relationship between the submicroscopic parasitaemia and pregnancy outcomes. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from March 2014 to April 2015 with 281 women randomly recruited at delivery at a Health Centre in southern Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Matched peripheral, placental, and cord blood collected from each women with malaria negative thick smears, were used for the diagnostic of <i>P.falciparum</i> submicroscopic infection by nested-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) targeting the multi-copy 18 S ribosomal ARN gene. The prevalence of <i>P.falciparum</i> submicroscopic infection was 31.7%, 36.37%, and 12.9%, when using the peripheral, placental, and cord blood respectively. The submicroscopic <i>P. falciparum</i> was slightly associated with increased risk of maternal anaemia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.33, 95% CI 0.82-2.17). No significant association was found between the submicroscopic parasitaemia and low birth weight, or preterm delivery. The data suggest that the prevalence of submicroscopic <i>P. falciparum</i> infection is high in women at delivery in Brazzaville; and might increase the risk for maternal anaemia. The infection had no impact on the prevalence of low birth weight and preterm delivery in this study sitting.
Notes on Fitting and Analysis Frameworks for QENS Spectra of (Soft) Colloid Suspensions
2022-01-01

With continuously improving signal-to-noise ratios, a statistically sound analysis of quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) spectra requires to fit increasingly complex models which poses several challenges. Simultaneous fits of the spectra for all recorded values of the momentum transfer become a standard approach. Spectrometers at spallation sources can have a complicated non-Gaussian resolution function which has to be described most accurately. At the same time, to speed up the fitting, an analytical convolution with this resolution function is of interest. Here, we discuss basic concepts to efficient approaches for fits of QENS spectra based on standard MATLAB and Python fit algorithms. We illustrate the fits with example data from IN16B, BASIS, and BATS.
Lead-binding biogenic polyelectrolyte multilayer coating for lead retention in perovskite solar cells
2022-01-01

The incorporation of a lead-binding biogenic polyelectrolyte multilayer coating inside the encapsulation of perovskite solar cells limits the perovskite solar cells inherent risk of lead leakage in a sustainable manner.
Visual Grounding of Inter-lingual Word-Embeddings
2022-01-01

Visual grounding of Language aims at enriching textual representations of language with multiple sources of visual knowledge such as images and videos. Although visual grounding is an area of intense research, inter-lingual aspects of visual grounding have not received much attention. The present study investigates the inter-lingual visual grounding of word embeddings. We propose an implicit alignment technique between the two spaces of vision and language in which inter-lingual textual information interacts in order to enrich pre-trained textual word embeddings. We focus on three languages in our experiments, namely, English, Arabic, and German. We obtained visually grounded vector representations for these languages and studied whether visual grounding on one or multiple languages improved the performance of embeddings on word similarity and categorization benchmarks. Our experiments suggest that inter-lingual knowledge improves the performance of grounded embeddings in similar languages such as German and English. However, inter-lingual grounding of German or English with Arabic led to a slight degradation in performance on word similarity benchmarks. On the other hand, we observed an opposite trend on categorization benchmarks where Arabic had the most improvement on English. In the discussion section, several reasons for those findings are laid out. We hope that our experiments provide a baseline for further research on inter lingual visual grounding.
A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks
2022-01-01

SAMPLE article. Existing noninferential, formatted data systems provide users with tree-structured files or slightly more general network models of the data. In Section 1, inadequacies of these models are discussed. A model based on n-ary relations, a normal form for data base relations, and the concept of a universal data sublanguage are introduced. In Section 2, certain operations on relations (other than logical inference) are discussed and applied to the problems of redundancy and consistency in the user’s model.