julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
<title>Advanced processing of cross-hole radar-tomographic data: inversion of partial data sets and error analysis</title>
2002-04-15

The detection of discrete anomalies, such as cavities and tunnels, is an important application of crosshole radar tomography. However, tomographic inversion results are frequently ambiguous showing smearing effects and artifacts. This leads to uncertainties during interpretation and, hence, the size and shape of discrete anomalies can be interpreted only with limited accuracy and reliability. In this study, we present an adapted inversion strategy for the detection of discrete anomalies with crosshole tomography. For tomographic inversion, we use various partial data sets of specified angular aperture. The resulting tomograms contain different information with respect to the vertical and horizontal resolution of discrete anomalies. Ambiguities, such as smearing and artifacts, can be recognized and considered sidered during interpretation.F rom this, an adapted starting model is derived combining all additional information. Although the tomographic inversion results for different starting models differ significantly regarding the resolution characteristics of anomalies, the rms residuals are equivalent. Therefore, we additionally investigate the angular contribution of the residuals to the rms values, and propose another optimization criterion, the relative data misfit. It is shown, that the angular contribution of the residuals reflects the resolutionc haracteristicso ft he tomograms.
d-Wave Induced Zero-Field Resonances in dcπ-Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices
2002-04-16

A dc pi SQUID consists of a superconducting ring interrupted by two Josephson junctions, one of which carries in equilibrium a pi phase difference, caused, for example, by the d-wave pairing symmetry of the high- T(c) cuprates. If this phase shift is maintained in the voltage state, anomalous resonance currents are expected in the SQUIDs transport characteristics. Here we report the observation of such resonances for high- T(c) dc pi SQUIDs, providing evidence for the influence of the d-wave symmetry on the voltage state of a Josephson junction for frequencies of several tens of GHz.
Cell volume regulatory mechanisms in progression of renal disease.
2002-04-16

One of the striking morphological features of renal failure is an increase of cell volume. This review explores the role of cell volume regulatory mechanisms in the pathophysiology of progressive renal disease. The case is made that TGF-beta, a major cytokine involved in the development of progressive renal failure, upregulates the transcription of the serum and glucocorticoid-dependent kinase hSGK1, involved in cell volume regulation. Excessive extracellular glucose concentrations stimulate TGF-beta1 expression and thus similarly enhance hSGK1-transcription. The kinase stimulates two mechanisms important for cell volume regulation, i.e. the renal epithelial Na+ channel ENaC and the thick ascending limb Na+,K+,2Cl- cotransporter BSC1. On the one hand, stimulation of renal tubular transport leads to renal retention of Na+, which favours the development of hypertension. On the other, the increase of cell volume stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein degradation, contributing to the enhanced net formation and deposition of matrix proteins. At later stages, the increase of cell volume may be reversed to atrophy, and cell death may lead to loss of functional tissue. In conclusion, progressive renal disease is paralleled by deranged cell volume regulatory mechanisms.
ChemInform Abstract: Sol—Gel‐Processed Functionalized Metalla—Phospha‐adamantanes. Highly Mobile Reaction Centers for Chemistry in Interphases
2002-04-16

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phthalocyanines as Active Materials for Optical Limiting
2002-04-16

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Allergy, Parasites, and the Hygiene Hypothesis
2002-04-19

The increase of allergic diseases in the industrialized world has often been explained by a decline in infections during childhood. The immunological explanation has been put into the context of the functional T cell subsets known as T helper 1 (T H 1) and T helper 2 (T H 2) that display polarized cytokine profiles. It has been argued that bacterial and viral infections during early life direct the maturing immune system toward T H 1, which counterbalance proallergic responses of T H 2 cells. Thus, a reduction in the overall microbial burden will result in weak T H 1 imprinting and unrestrained T H 2 responses that allow an increase in allergy. This notion is contradicted by observations that the prevalence of T H 1-autoimmune diseases is also increasing and that T H 2-skewed parasitic worm (helminth) infections are not associated with allergy. More recently, elevations of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10, that occur during long-term helminth infections have been shown to be inversely correlated with allergy. The induction of a robust anti-inflammatory regulatory network by persistent immune challenge offers a unifying explanation for the observed inverse association of many infections with allergic disorders.
Elusiveness of infrared critical exponents in Landau gauge Yang-Mills theories
2002-04-22

We solve a truncated system of coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for the gluon and ghost propagators in SU( ) Yang-Mills theories in Faddeev-Popov quantization on a four-torus. This compact space-time manifold provides an efficient mean to solve the gluon and ghost Dyson-Schwinger equations without any angular approximations. We verify that analytically two power-like solutions in the very far infrared seem possible. However, only one of these solutions can be matched to a numerical solution for non-vanishing momenta. For a bare ghost-gluon vertex this implies that the gluon propagator is only weakly infrared vanishing, , , and the ghost propagator is infrared singular, . For non-vanishing momenta our solutions are in agreement with the results of recent SU(2) Monte-Carlo lattice calculations. The running coupling possesses an infrared fixed point. We obtain for all gauge groups SU( ). Above one GeV the running coupling rapidly approaches its perturbative form.
Quantitative analysis of the active components and the by‐products of eight dry extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. (St John's wort)
2002-04-23

Abstract The major components of eight different batches of commercially available dry extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. were quantified. Hyperforin ( 1 ), hypericin ( 2 ) and flavonoids, which are considered to play key roles in the treatment of mild and moderate depressive disorders, were determined by HPLC methods. The contents of 1, 2 and flavonoids were found to be in the range of 1.3–3.9%, 0.19–0.30%, and 4.8–11.4%, respectively. Generally extracts contained, besides the so‐called active components, a wide variety of by‐products which may act partially as co‐effectors and affect the technological properties of the extracts. Water‐soluble sugars form one of the main groups of these by‐products, and a procedure for the purification and quantification of such sugars in H. perforatum using HPLC with refractive index detection has been established. Native fructose, glucose and sucrose, as well as lactose added during the processing of the extracts, were determined. The total sugar content in the dry herbal extracts varied from 19 to 25% by weight. Further, citric acid (0.9–2.3%) and malic acid (2.3–3.1%) were determined by HPLC, tannins (6.2–9.0%) and total ash (4.9–8.4%) were quantified according to the methods described in the European Pharmacopoeia, and the content of the total protein (3.9–8.3%) was estimated by elemental analysis. Thus, 60–70% of the compounds of the H. perforatum dry extracts have been quantified. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the implant abutment on the Periotest value: an in vivo study.
2002-04-23

If measurements at different abutments such as crown abutments or single crowns are necessary, comparison of the Periotest values in accordance with the given mean values will lead to more precise results. It is recommended that Periotest measurements be performed for the first and subsequent prostheses, during all prosthetic stages, to allow comparison if some parts of the prosthetic abutment have to be replaced.
Re‐oxygenation of hypoxic simian virus 40 (SV40)‐infected CV1 cells causes distinct changes of SV40 minichromosome‐associated replication proteins
2002-04-24

Hypoxia interrupts the initiation of simian virus 40 (SV40) replication in vivo at a stage situated before unwinding of the␣origin region. After re‐oxygenation, unwinding followed by a synchronous round of viral replication takes place. To␣further characterize the hypoxia‐induced inhibition of unwinding, we analysed the binding of several replication proteins to the viral minichromosome before and after re‐oxygenation. T antigen, the 34‐kDa subunit of replication protein A (RPA), topoisomerase I, the 48‐kDa subunit of primase, the 125‐kDa subunit of polymerase δ, and the 37‐kDa subunit of replication factor C (RFC) were present at the viral chromatin already under hypoxia. The 70‐kDa subunit of RPA, the 180‐kDa subunit of polymerase α, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were barely detectable at the SV40 chromatin under hypoxia and significantly increased after re‐oxygenation. Immunoprecipitation of minichromosomes with T antigen‐specific antibody and subsequent digestion with micrococcus nuclease revealed that most of the minichromosome‐bound T antigen was associated with the viral origin in hypoxic and in re‐oxygenated cells. T antigen‐catalysed unwinding of the SV40 origin occurred, however, only after re‐oxygenation as indicated by (a) increased sensitivity of re‐oxygenated minichromosomes against digestion with single‐stranded DNA‐specific nuclease P1; (b) stabilization of RPA‐34 binding at the SV40 minichromosome; and (c) additional phosphorylations of RPA‐34 after re‐oxygenation, probably catalysed by DNA‐dependent protein kinase. The results presented suggest that the subunits of the proteins necessary for unwinding, primer synthesis and primer elongation first assemble at the SV40 origin in form of stable, active complexes directly before they start to work.
Fetal operations in the head and neck area: current state
2002-04-25

Abstract Background Fetal surgery is defined as prenatal surgical intervention. Such intervention is currently considered in selected cases of fetal malformations that endanger the child’s life prenatally or postnatally, such as death or severe impairment. Methods Current indications are reviewed, with special emphasis on success rates and complications, including concomitant ethical problems. Data sources are based on personal experience and medical information systems (especially MEDLINE). Results and Conclusions In the head and neck areas, especially the upper respiratory tract, such procedures can be indicated in selected cases. They include exposure and temporary obstruction of the fetal trachea to reduce the viscera and to prevent pulmonary hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia, prenatal tracheotomy in laryngeal atresia, and intranatal establishment of an airway in airway‐obstructing embryonic tumors. The latter surgery can be performed after delivery of the fetal head and neck and before umbilical cord severance. This method ensures oxygenation of the fetus by the maternofetal circulation until completion of the surgical intervention (so called EXIT procedure = Ex‐Utero Intrapartum Treatment). The relatively high surgical risk of fetal surgery, in particular postoperative preterm labor, may be reduced by the use of minimally invasive endoscopic techniques. By reducing operative risks even further, prenatal surgical interventions may even be used in nonlethal conditions. Consequently, more diseases of the head and neck area could thus be included in the spectrum of indications, such as prenatal correction of the cleft lip palate. Because fetal wound healing incurs no scarring up to a certain stage in pregnancy, such fetal surgical correction could be a perspective. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 482–490, 2002
Inactivation of the murine X-linked juvenile retinoschisis gene, Rs1h, suggests a role of retinoschisin in retinal cell layer organization and synaptic structure
2002-04-30

Deleterious mutations in RS1 encoding retinoschisin are associated with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (RS), a common form of macular degeneration in males. The disorder is characterized by a negative electroretinogram pattern and by a splitting of the inner retina. To gain further insight into the function of the retinoschisin protein and its role in the cellular pathology of RS, we have generated knockout mice deficient in Rs1h , the murine ortholog of the human RS1 gene. We show that pathologic changes in hemizygous Rs1h −/Y male mice are evenly distributed across the retina, apparently contrasting with the macula-dominated features in human. Similar functional anomalies in human and Rs1h −/Y mice, however, suggest that both conditions are a disease of the entire retina affecting the organization of the retinal cell layers as well as structural properties of the retinal synapse.
In vivo-induction of antibodies to mistletoe lectin-1 and viscotoxin by exposure to aqueous mistletoe extracts: a randomised double-blinded placebo controlled phase I study in healthy individuals.
2002-04-30

These data obtained in healthy individuals clearly indicate that IQ and IP-extracts can induce antigen-specific humoral responses. They may, therefore, provide, a solid basic for the evaluation of the humoral immune response in disease states.
ChemInform Abstract: The Biosynthesis of Vancomycin‐Type Glycopeptide Antibiotics — The Order of the Cyclization Steps.
2002-04-30

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Functional Role of HLA-G Expression in Human Gliomas: An Alternative Strategy of Immune Escape
2002-05-01

Abstract HLA-G is a nonclassical MHC molecule with highly limited tissue distribution that has been attributed chiefly immune regulatory functions. Glioblastoma is paradigmatic for the capability of human cancers to paralyze the immune system. To delineate the potential role of HLA-G in glioblastoma immunobiology, expression patterns and functional relevance of this MHC class Ib molecule were investigated in glioma cells and brain tissues. HLA-G mRNA expression was detected in six of 12 glioma cell lines in the absence of IFN-γ and in 10 of 12 cell lines in the presence of IFN-γ. HLA-G protein was detected in four of 12 cell lines in the absence of IFN-γ and in eight of 12 cell lines in the presence of IFN-γ. Immunohistochemical analysis of human brain tumors revealed expression of HLA-G in four of five tissue samples. Functional studies on the role of HLA-G in glioma cells were conducted with alloreactive PBMCs, NK cells, and T cell subpopulations. Expression of membrane-bound HLA-G1 and soluble HLA-G5 inhibited alloreactive and Ag-specific immune responses. Gene transfer of HLA-G1 or HLA-G5 into HLA-G-negative glioma cells (U87MG) rendered cells highly resistant to direct alloreactive lysis, inhibited the alloproliferative response, and prevented efficient priming of cytotoxic T cells. The inhibitory effects of HLA-G were directed against CD8 and CD4 T cells, but appeared to be NK cell independent. Interestingly, few HLA-G-positive cells within a population of HLA-G-negative tumor cells exerted significant immune inhibitory effects. We conclude that the aberrant expression of HLA-G may contribute to immune escape in human glioblastoma.
The surgical treatment of bony metastases of the spine and limbs
2002-05-01

The skeleton is the most common site to be affected by metastatic cancer. The place of surgical treatment and of different techniques of reconstruction has not been clearly defined. We have studied the rate of survival of 94 patients and the results of the surgical treatment of 91 metastases of the limbs and pelvis, and 18 of the spine. Variables included the different primary tumours, the metastatic load at the time of operation, the surgical margin, and the different techniques of reconstruction. The survival rate was 0.54 at one year and 0.27 at three years. Absence of visceral metastases and of a pathological fracture, a time interval of more than three years between the diagnosis of cancer and that of the first skeletal metastasis, thyroid carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, renal-cell carcinoma, breast cancer, and plasmacytoma were positive variables with regard to survival. The metastatic load of the skeleton and the surgical margin were not of significant influence. In tumours of the limbs and pelvis, the local failure rate was 0% after biological reconstruction (10), 3.6% after cemented or uncemented osteosynthesis (28) and 1.8% after prosthetic replacement (53). The local failure rate after stabilisation of the spine (18) was 16.6%. There was local recurrence in seven patients (6.4%), and in four of these the primary tumour was a renal-cell carcinoma. The local recurrence rate was 0% after extralesional (24) and 8.2% after intralesional resection (85). Improvements in the oncological management of patients with primary and metastatic disease have resulted in an increased survival rate. In order to avoid additional surgery, it is essential to consider the expected time of survival of the reconstruction and, in bony metastases with a potentially poor response to radiotherapy, the surgical margin.
Upstep and embedded register levels
2002-05-01

This article is concerned with an interesting upstep phenomenon in the intonation of some speakers of Southern dialects of German. It experimentally establishes the main properties of this upstep phenomenon, and discusses the theoretical consequences. The upstep occurs on the nuclear pitch accent of a non-final intonation phrase. It targets the phonetic height of the utterance-initial peak, regardless of downstepped peaks that intervene between the initial peak and the upstepped peak. The findings are argued to provide unexpected support for a model of intonation in which downstep among accents can be embedded inside downstep among larger prosodic domains (Ladd 1988, van den Berg et al. 1992). In a combination of that model with an extension of Pierrehumbert &amp; Beckman (1988), it is suggested that the choice between downstep and upstep is conditioned by association to higher prosodic constituents in a systematic way.
Ligand Discrimination by TPR Domains
2002-05-01

Protein-protein interaction modules containing so-called tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) mediate the assembly of Hsp70/Hsp90 multi-chaperone complexes. The TPR1 and TPR2A domains of the Hsp70/Hsp90 adapter protein p60/Hop specifically bind to short peptides corresponding to the C-terminal tails of Hsp70 and Hsp90, respectively, both of which contain the highly conserved sequence motif EEVD-COOH. Here, we quantitatively assessed the contribution of TPR-mediated peptide recognition to Hsp70.Hop.Hsp90 complex formation. The interaction of TPR2A with the C-terminal pentapeptide of Hsp90 (MEEVD) is identified as the core contact for Hop binding to Hsp90. (In peptide sequences, italics are used to highlight residues specific for Hsp70 or Hsp90.) In contrast, formation of the Hsp70.Hop complex depends not only on recognition of the C-terminal Hsp70 heptapeptide (PTIEEVD) by TPR1 but also on additional contacts between Hsp70 and Hop. The sequence motifs for TPR1 and TPR2A binding were defined by alanine scanning of the C-terminal octapeptides of Hsp70 and Hsp90 and by screening of combinatorial peptide libraries. Asp0 and Val-1 of the EEVD motif are identified as general anchor residues, but the highly conserved glutamates of the EEVD sequence, which are critical in Hsp90 binding by TPR2A, do not contribute appreciably to the interaction of Hsp70 with TPR1. Rather, TPR1 prefers hydrophobic amino acids in these positions. Moreover, the TPR domains display a pronounced tendency to interact preferentially with hydrophobic aliphatic and aromatic side chains in positions -4 and -6 of their respective peptide ligands. Ile-4 in Hsp70 and Met-4 in Hsp90 are most important in determining the specific binding of TPR1 and TPR2A, respectively.
Arterial embolization caused by injection of hyaluronic acid (RestylaneR)
2002-05-01

Journal Article Arterial embolization caused by injection of hyaluronic acid (Restylane®) Get access S. Schanz, S. Schanz Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 25, D‐72076 Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Schippert, W. Schippert Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 25, D‐72076 Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Ulmer, A. Ulmer Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 25, D‐72076 Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Rassner, G. Rassner Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 25, D‐72076 Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Fierlbeck G. Fierlbeck Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 25, D‐72076 Tübingen, Germany Correspondence: Prof. Dr Gerhard Fierlbeck. E‐mail: gerhard.fierlbeck@med.uni‐tuebingen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 5, 1 May 2002, Pages 928–929, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04707.x Published: 01 May 2002
The Hypoglycemic Effect of Nigella sativa Oil is Mediated by Extrapancreatic Actions
2002-05-01

A plant mixture containing extracts of Nigella sativa possesses blood glucose lowering effects, but the direct antidiabetic effect of Nigella sativa is not yet established. Therefore, the effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on blood glucose concentrations was studied in streptozotocin diabetic rats. In addition, the effect of NSO, nigellone and thymoquinone were studied on insulin secretion of isolated rat pancreatic islets in the presence of 3, 5.6 or 11.1 mM glucose. NSO significantly lowered blood glucose concentrations in diabetic rats after 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The blood lowering effect of NSO was, however, not paralleled by a stimulation of insulin release in the presence of NSO, nigellone or thymoquinone. The data indicate that the hypoglycemic effect of NSO may be mediated by extrapancreatic actions rather than by stimulated insulin release.