julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
DSM-based identification of changes in highly dynamic urban agglomerations
2019-01-01

Rapidly urbanizing areas are challenged by a lack of information on urban growth in many parts of the earth. As the speed of building construction often exceeds traditional surveying methods, remote sensing can serve as a valuable input for the monitoring of urbanization processes. This study investigates changes in DaNang, Vietnam, between 2015 and 2017 identified based on photogrammetric analysis of surface elevations retrieved from Pléiades very high-resolution imagery. In contrast to traditional post-classification change detection approaches, we propose a time-efficient method solely based on digital surface model differencing to identify newly constructed buildings as well as demolitions. It is therefore easy to apply and suitable for the continuation of outdated base data available to local authorities. High importance is addressed to the vertical matching of both surface models to avoid misdetections. After differencing these surface elevations, thresholds based on field measurements are applied to identify areas of change. A total of 10,800 changes were detected between 2015 and 2017, of which 8,531 were to newly constructed buildings. The study proves that changes in rapidly urbanizing agglomerations can be reliably identified by a simple and transparent approach by using elevation changes and expert-based knowledge on floor numbers and building heights.
Implementation of Urgent Start Peritoneal Dialysis Reduces Hemodialysis Catheter Use and Hospital Stay in Patients with Unplanned Dialysis Start
2019-01-01

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Unplanned start of renal replacement therapy is common in patients with end-stage renal disease and often accomplished by hemodialysis (HD) using a central venous catheter (CVC). Urgent start using peritoneal dialysis (PD) could be an alternative for some of the patients; however, this requires a hospital-based PD center that offers a structured urgent start PD (usPD) program. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; In this prospective study, we describe the implementation of an usPD program at our university hospital by structuring the process from presentation to PD catheter implantation and start of PD within a few days. For clinical validation, we compared the patient flow before (2013–2015) and after (2016–2018) availability of usPD. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; In the 3 years before the availability of usPD, 14% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12) of incident PD patients (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 87) presented in an unplanned situation and were initially treated with HD using a CVC. In the 3 years after implementation of the usPD program, 18% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 18) of all incident PD patients (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 103) presented in an unplanned situation of whom &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12 (12%) were treated with usPD and &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 6 (6%) with initial HD. usPD significantly reduced the use of HD by 57% (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0005). Hospital stay was similar in patients treated with usPD (median 9 days) compared to those with elective PD (8 days), and significantly lower than in patients with initial HD (26 days, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0056). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Implementation of an usPD program reduces HD catheter use and hospital stay in the unplanned situation.
Characterization of Oxide Layers on Technical Copper Material Using Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy as a Rapid On-Line Analysis Tool.
2019-01-01

An ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy method was developed that can quantitatively characterize a technical copper surface to determine oxide layers and organic impurities. The oxide layers were produced by a heating step at 175 °C for four different times (range = 1-10 min). Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to establish a relation between the UV-Vis spectra and film thickness measurements using Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles. The validation accuracy of the regression is in the range of approximately 2.3 nm. The prediction model allowed obtaining an estimation of the oxide layer thickness with an absolute error of 2.9 nm. Alternatively, already known methods cannot be used because of the high roughness of the technical copper surfaces. An integrating sphere is used to measure the diffuse reflectance of these surfaces, providing an average over all angles of illumination and observation.
On the reaction of GeCl2·dioxane with KFeCp(CO)2: isolation and characterization of novel bimetallic clusters
2019-01-01

The reaction of GeCl<sub>2</sub>·dioxane with KFeCp(CO)<sub>2</sub>leads to polyhedral cluster compounds with six germanium atoms like Ge<sub>6</sub>[FeCp(CO)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>6</sub>or Ge<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>[FeCp(CO)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>6</sub><italic>via</italic>a complex reaction route.
Biosynthetic reconstitution of deoxysugar phosphoramidate metalloprotease inhibitors using an N–P-bond-forming kinase
2019-01-01

In the biosynthesis of phosphoramidon-like metalloprotease inhibitors three enzymes cooperate in the condensation of two amino acids and the subsequent attachment of a 6-deoxyhexose <italic>via</italic> a phosporamidate bridge.
Risk Factors for the Contamination of Wild Stomoxys niger niger Macquart 1851 (Diptera: Muscidae) with the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
2019-01-01

The study aimed at detecting the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) RNA in Stomoxys niger niger and cattle. Flies were collected using a Vavoua trap pitched 50m from the center of the herd and by net-catches on clinically sick (n=5) and symptomless cattle (n=5). Vesicular Epithelia Tissues (VETs) from sick cattle were analyzed by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt RT PCR) and serum from randomly selected animals without clinical signs was examined by serological test (NSP-ELISA Kit) for the presence of FMDV antibodies. Of a total of 568 Stomoxys trapped using the Vavoua trap, two species were identified namely 196 S. niger niger (34.51 %, 9. 33 Snn/t/d), 101 S. omega (17.78%, 4.80 so/t/d) and 271 non-biting Musca sp. (47.71%, 12.90 m/vavoua and day). The dissected mouth and legs of each fly caught were screened for FMDV using the rt RT PCR. FMDV RNA was found in the epithelial vesicles of all clinically sick animals (n=5, with mean Ct of 27.98456) and 3 out of 5 were serologically positive in the clinically in-apparent cattle group. The overall S. n. niger (most abundant species) contamination rate with the FMDV irrespective of collection method was 40.3 % with females (49.0 %) being slightly more contaminated than males (21.7%) (OR =0.45, P= 0.1506) and legs being more often positive than mouth-parts (P=0.02002). Flies were contaminated less frequently on animals without clinical signs than those on animals with clinical signs, but this difference was not significant (P=0.69680).
Thinking on Growing Urbanization, Sustainability and Food Supply: The Need of Urban Agriculture
2019-01-01

By 2050, it is projected that 68 per cent of the world's population will live in cities. At the same time, mankind is facing the tasks to tackle climate change and to produce enough food for a growing world population. Those trends claim to rethink how cities should be planned, and how agriculture can become resilient and deliver sufficient crop yield in a changing climate. This paper offers an insight into the idea of urban agriculture as a solution for those challenges in an urban context, considering the urbanization trend, the role of cities in climate change, and the issues of limited space in urban areas and agricultural habits. It argues for an implementation of agriculture into urban planning in relation to ecological agricultural practices. Pursuing ecological practices like Conservation Agriculture improves the health of soils which results in a higher crop yield. Therefore, ecological practices in cities are a key to produce vegetables and fruits for the urban demand and to reduce transport emissions. Furthermore, with an extension of green spaces in urban areas through ecological cultivated land, the urban heat island effect can be decreased, more carbon can be stored in healthy soils, and water run-off can be improved which reduces the likelihood of urban flood events.
Opportunities and challenges for electrochemistry in studying the electronic structure of nanocrystals
2019-01-01

We review the state-of-the-art of determining the electronic structure of nanocrystals in thin films by electrochemistry and emphasize the benefits of correlating electrochemical with spectroscopic methods to this end.
Synthesis, structure and properties of a calcium oxonitridosilicate phosphor showing green or red luminescence upon doping with Eu2+ or Ce3+
2019-01-01

The new phase Li<sub>x</sub>Ca<sub>16−x</sub>Si<sub>17</sub>N<sub>32−x</sub>O<sub>2+x</sub> is an easy to make derivative of the so-called Ca<sub>16</sub>Si<sub>17</sub>N<sub>34</sub> and a promising phosphor when doped with Eu<sup>2+</sup> or Ce<sup>3+</sup>.
Using expatriates for adapting subsidiaries' employment modes to different market economies: a comparative analysis of US subsidiaries in Germany, the UK and Switzerland
2019-01-01

Because the extent to which multinational companies (MNCs) benefit from foreign subsidiaries depends on how effectively MNCs manage their foreign subsidiaries' workforce, the international management literature has long focused on how MNCs transfer Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. However, the literature has only vaguely dealt with institutional differences between host and home countries, often simplifying these differences under the umbrella of institutional or cultural distance. This article investigates how MNCs use expatriates to adjust subsidiaries' employment modes to different market economies. We define employment modes as bundles of HRM and industrial relations (IR) practices implemented at the firm level and examine the employment modes of 76 subsidiaries of US MNCs in a coordinated market economy (Germany), a hybrid market economy (Switzerland) and a liberal market economy (UK). Our results reveal substantial differences in the expatriation strategies of MNCs that depend not only on the international focus of the MNC but also on the differences in IR between the parent and subsidiary's environment. Our findings qualify the role of expatriates in adjusting subsidiaries' employment modes to different market economies and highlight the boundary conditions of integrating HRM with IR practices in the management of foreign subsidiaries.
Cross-lingual morphological inflection with explicit alignment
2019-01-01

This paper describes two related systems for cross-lingual morphological inflection for SIGMORPHON 2019 Shared Task participation. Both sets of results submitted to the shared task for evaluation are obtained using a simple approach of predicting transducer actions based on initial alignments on the training set, where cross-lingual transfer is limited to only using the high-resource language data as additional training set. The performance of the system does not reach the performance of the top two systems in the competition. However, we show that results can be improved with further tuning. We also present further analyses demonstrating that the cross-lingual gain is rather modest.
Measuring and Compensating for Defcits of Self-Regulation in School Children via Ambulatory Assessment
2019-01-01

Background. Children with defcits in self-regulation ofen perform worse in school and are less accepted by peers. However, self-regulation can be trained and developed by making detailed plans to achieve specifc goals. One such strategy is WOOP (it includes thinking about wishes, outcomes, and obstacles, and creating a plan to achieve a goal), known in the literature as MCII, or ifthen plans. Objective. Noting the encouraging results of the WOOP method, we aimed to evaluate whether WOOP has the potential to ameliorate self-regulation defcits on a day-to-day-level . Design. In total, 49 school-aged children (M=11.2 years, SD=8.4 months) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 1) Condition 1, which underwent a WOOP intervention; and 2) Condition 2, which performed the intervention without contrasting obstacles and planning. Te self-regulation abilities were assessed each day over an 18-day survey period by both the children themselves and their parents. ADHD symptom-severity was assessed as a proxy for self-regulation; specifcally, we used six items from the Conners 3 scale and the German adaptation of the Brief Self-Control Scale. Results. Te children in both conditions demonstrated increased self-regulation, according to their self-reports at the beginning and end of the survey period. Te parents reported diferent progressions of the two conditions over the survey period, but these did not difer signifcantly. In addition, both conditions are helpful to improve children’s self-regulation in daily life. Conclusion. Further research on implementing practicable interventions in schoolchildren’s daily life is highly recommended.
Daylight photodynamic therapy for severe facial and scalp actinic keratosis: a prospective non-sponsored single-centre study employing the actinic keratosis area and severity index (AKASI)
2019-01-01

Daylight photodynamic therapy (DL-PDT) is an effective and convenient treatment for multiple actinic keratosis (AKs). There are limited tools to evaluate the outcome of AK treatment. Recently, the actinic keratosis area and severity index (AKASI) has been proposed as a quantitative tool for assessing AK severity. To investigate patient satisfaction and efficacy of DL-PDT for severe AKs and to validate AKASI scoring as a quantitative tool for assessing the outcome of DL-PDT treatment. In this prospective single-centre study, we analysed the results of patients treated with one or two cycles of DL-PDT for severe AKs in the facial or scalp area. Forty patients (37 male and three female) with a mean age of 74 years (range: 56-87 years) were included and received either one (n = 20) or two (n = 20) cycles of DL-PDT. At baseline, most patients (95%) had 20 or more lesions. Patients treated with one cycle of DL-PDT showed a mean AKASI reduction of 45.5% (p < 0.001). Patients eligible for two cycles of DL-PDT demonstrated a mean AKASI reduction of 23.7% (p < 0.05) after one and 48.2% (p < 0.001) after two cycles. Patients participating in this study were either very satisfied (67.5%) or satisfied (32.5%). Almost all patients (97.5%) would recommend DL-PDT to other patients. DL-PDT is a well-tolerated, safe and efficient treatment option for field cancerisation in the facial and scalp area with high patient satisfaction. AKASI scoring has proven useful as a quantitative tool for assessing the outcome of DL-PDT treatment.
HAD-Tübingen at SemEval-2019 Task 6: Deep Learning Analysis of Offensive Language on Twitter: Identification and Categorization
2019-01-01

This paper describes the submissions of our team, HAD-Tübingen, for the SemEval 2019 - Task 6: “OffensEval: Identifying and Categorizing Offensive Language in Social Media”. We participated in all the three sub-tasks: Sub-task A - “Offensive language identification”, sub-task B - “Automatic categorization of offense types” and sub-task C - “Offense target identification”. As a baseline model we used a Long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM) to identify and categorize offensive tweets. For all the tasks we experimented with external databases in a postprocessing step to enhance the results made by our model. The best macro-average F1 scores obtained for the sub-tasks A, B and C are 0.73, 0.52, and 0.37, respectively.
Spoilt for Choice: A Survey of Current Practices of Surgical Urinary Stone Treatment and Adherence to Evidence-Based Guidelines among Swiss Urologists
2019-01-01

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Urologists have to master a variety of techniques to be able to offer the most appropriate surgical stone treatment for each individual patient. Therefore, we performed a survey among board-certified Swiss urologists to assess the availability of the different surgical methods, the current practices of surgical treatment of urolithiasis and the adherence to evidence-based guideline recommendations in Switzerland. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A 14-question survey assessed the working environment, equipment, perioperative settings and decision trees for specific stone scenarios. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to determine differences between frequencies of answers. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Hundred and five members of &lt;i&gt;Swiss Urology&lt;/i&gt; (38%) completed the survey. All treatment modalities are available for the majority of respondents. Ureterorenoscopy was found to have the highest availability (100%) and was the preferred choice in the majority of stone scenarios. A high adherence to the guidelines was found for the treatment of ureteral stones &amp;#x3c;10 mm (100% proximal and distal), and &amp;#x3e;10 mm (69% proximal, 94% distal). All respondents answered in accordance with the guidelines regarding the treatment of middle and upper pole stones &amp;#x3c;10 mm, 10–20 mm and lower pole stones 10–20 mm. Guideline adherence was 99% for lower pole stones &amp;#x3c;10 mm, 78% for lower pole stones &amp;#x3e;20 mm, and 63% for middle/upper pole stones &amp;#x3e;20 mm. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This survey provides a detailed insight into current stone treatment practices in Switzerland. The full spectrum of urinary stone treatment options is available for the majority of Swiss urologists. The choice of treatment shows a high accordance with evidence-based guidelines and a preference for retrograde endoscopic surgery in the majority of stone scenarios.
Neuroaesthetical Changes in Sculpture: The Case of Yannoulis Halepas (1851–1938)
2019-01-01

The theoretical conceptualization of artistic ingenuity and creativity, as reflections of the highest-level cognitive functions in the human brain, has recently evolved from a purely philosophical pursuit to a compelling neuroscientific undertaking. Changes in artistic style have been extensively studied in association with brain dysfunction in the presence of neurological and psychiatric diseases in famous artists. This paper presents the case of Yannoulis Halepas (1851–1938), who is widely regarded as the most influential sculptor of modern Greek art. At the age of 27, already at the peak of his fame, Halepas abruptly abandoned the sculpture world after developing schizoaffective disorder, only to resurge onto the art scene after an almost 40-year-long hiatus with a fundamentally reformed artistic style. Two distinct periods have preoccupied art critics: Halepas’s early premorbid years (1870–1878), which were imbued with the principles of neoclassicism, and the later postmorbid years (1918–1938), which mark the artist’s transcendence to expressionism and contemporary art. From a neuroaesthetical perspective, the extensive and multifaceted oeuvre that Halepas produced in his lifetime allows a close study of his artistic development throughout and beyond mental disease. In addition, his lifework is a unique account in the history of art of the struggle of artistic genius with the limits of the rational mind and its conscious reality.
The Potential to Secure a Fair Trial Through Evidence Exclusion: A Taiwanese Perspective
2019-01-01

Taiwan, as one of the jurisdictions comprising the so-called "fourth wave of democratization," fundamentally altered its criminal justice system over the course of just decades. This was particularly true with respect to the rule of law and the procedural law around the exclusion of evidence. For example, although illegally obtained, or "tainted" evidence may be crucial in the search for the truth, it is to be excluded if it was obtained under certain circumstances, including torture or coercion. The legal theory behind this area of Taiwanese law is grounded in the common law criminal justice system, although Taiwan has developed its own procedures and remedies. How illegally obtained evidence is excluded in Taiwanese criminal procedure is discussed, as is the melding of the Thai approach with its theoretical basis in Anglo-US criminal procedure. Both practical and theoretical perspectives are explored and the gaps between the formation of legislation and its enactment into judicial practice are addressed.
Interlocking Networks and the Sacred Landscape of Hellenistic Northern Etruria: Capturing Social and Geographic Entanglement Through Social Network Analysis
2019-01-01

Abstract The late Hellenistic period is a time of deep entanglement, interconnectedness and complexity. The breakdown of local political systems and the unification of economic spaces had strong repercussions on the perception and expression of several aspects of the cultural identities of local communities. Rapid waves of change can be observed in local religious identities and in the Etruscan sacred landscape: cult buildings were destroyed, sacred places abandoned or replaced by residential areas, and new organisational forms of managing cults appeared; Latin names and new iconographies were given to traditional deities in public religious buildings dedicated to the official religion, while private and popular worshipping polarized around salvation cults. Changes in the sacred landscape regarded both topographic aspects, such as the visibility of cult sites and their connections to settlements, as well as social aspects, such as the patronage of sacred buildings. This paper proposes to employ a relational approach in order to understand changes in the sacred landscape. It analyzes the geographic and social components of the Etruscan sacred landscape by means of Social Network Analysis (SNA), and it does so by looking at the landscape in its entanglement to the archaeological and epigraphic record between 350 and 80 BCE.
In situ formation of electronically coupled superlattices of Cu1.1S nanodiscs at the liquid/air interface
2019-01-01

We report on the <italic>in situ</italic> monitoring of the formation of conductive superlattices of Cu<sub>1.1</sub>S nanodiscs <italic>via</italic> cross-linking with semiconducting cobalt 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-tetraaminophthalocyanine (CoTAPc) molecules at the liquid/air interface by real-time grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS).
A flow approach to Bartnik’s static metric extension conjecture in axisymmetry
2019-01-01

We investigate Bartnik's static metric extension conjecture under the additional assumption of axisymmetry of both the given Bartnik data and the desired static extensions. To do so, we suggest a geometric flow approach, coupled to the Weyl-Papapetrou formalism for axisymmetric static solutions to the Einstein vacuum equations. The elliptic Weyl-Papapetrou system becomes a free boundary value problem in our approach. We study this new flow and the coupled flow--free boundary value problem numerically and find axisymmetric static extensions for axisymmetric Bartnik data in many situations, including near round spheres in spatial Schwarzschild of positive mass.