julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Tübingen-Oslo Team at the VarDial 2018 Evaluation Campaign: An Analysis of N-gram Features in Language Variety Identification
2018-08-01

This paper describes our systems for the VarDial 2018 evaluation campaign. We participated in all language identification tasks, namely, Arabic dialect identification (ADI), German dialect identification (GDI), discriminating between Dutch and Flemish in Subtitles (DFS), and Indo-Aryan Language Identification (ILI). In all of the tasks, we only used textual transcripts (not using audio features for ADI). We submitted system runs based on support vector machine classifiers (SVMs) with bag of character and word n-grams as features, and gated bidirectional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) using units of characters and words. Our SVM models outperformed our RNN models in all tasks, obtaining the first place on the DFS task, third place on the ADI task, and second place on others according to the official rankings. As well as describing the models we used in the shared task participation, we present an analysis of the n-gram features used by the SVM models in each task, and also report additional results (that were run after the official competition deadline) on the GDI surprise dialect track.
Modeling the Readability of German Targeting Adults and Children: An empirically broad analysis and its cross-corpus validation
2018-08-01

We analyze two novel data sets of German educational media texts targeting adults and children. The analysis is based on 400 automatically extracted measures of linguistic complexity from a wide range of linguistic domains. We show that both data sets exhibit broad linguistic adaptation to the target audience, which generalizes across both data sets. Our most successful binary classification model for German readability robustly shows high accuracy between 89.4%–98.9% for both data sets. To our knowledge, this comprehensive German readability model is the first for which robust cross-corpus performance has been shown. The research also contributes resources for German readability assessment that are externally validated as successful for different target audiences: we compiled a new corpus of German news broadcast subtitles, the Tagesschau/Logo corpus, and crawled a GEO/GEOlino corpus substantially enlarging the data compiled by Hancke et al. 2012.
Combining Information-Weighted Sequence Alignment and Sound Correspondence Models for Improved Cognate Detection.
2018-08-01

Methods for automated cognate detection in historical linguistics invariably build on some measure of form similarity which is designed to capture the remaining systematic similarities between cognate word forms after thousands of years of divergence. A wide range of clustering and classification algorithms has been explored for the purpose, whereas possible improvements on the level of pairwise form similarity measures have not been the main focus of research. The approach presented in this paper improves on this core component of cognate detection systems by a novel combination of information weighting, a technique for putting less weight on reoccurring morphological material, with sound correspondence modeling by means of pointwise mutual information. In evaluations on expert cognacy judgments over a subset of the IPA-encoded NorthEuraLex database, the combination of both techniques is shown to lead to considerable improvements in average precision for binary cognate detection, and modest improvements for distance-based cognate clustering.
Volumetric assessment of spontaneous mechanical activities by simultaneous multi‐slice MRI techniques with correlation to muscle fiber orientation
2018-08-01

The purpose of this work was assessment of volumetric characteristics of spontaneous mechanical activities in musculature (SMAMs) by diffusion‐weighted simultaneous multi‐slice (DW‐SMS) imaging and spatial correlation to anatomical structure, as revealed by fusion to fiber tractographic information derived from diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI). The feasibility of using DW‐SMS to image spontaneous events in human musculature was assessed by phantom measurements. Series of DW‐SMS images and DTI datasets were recorded from the resting calf of three human subjects. Simultaneously recorded SMAMs in multiple slices were analyzed regarding spatial extension by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Direct correlation of spatial distribution of SMAMs and fiber orientation was investigated by mapping of muscle fibers to multi‐slice SMAM datasets. The DW‐SMS strategy allows simultaneous assessment of SMAMs in several slices of resting skeletal musculature, since 73.9% of SMAM‐affected volumes have shown SMAMs in multiple DW‐SMS slices. Spatial extension of SMAMs was highly correlated over different simultaneously recorded DW‐SMS slices, and affected areas followed the orientation of muscle fibers with a connectivity ratio up to 57.18 ± 14.80% based on event count and connectivity count maps. In 89.2% of all SMAM‐affected datasets muscle fiber connectivity was shown in at least two adjacent slices. Direct correlation between SMAMs in human lower leg musculature and underlying anatomical structure was revealed by high muscle fiber connectivity (89.2%). SMAMs have shown a wide distribution along the longitudinal muscle direction (73.9% in multiple DW‐SMS slices) with direct involvement of muscle fibers. Correlation between SMAMs in multiple DW‐SMS slices and crossing muscular fiber tracts provides evidence that SMAMs result from physiological processes in musculature. Fusion of DW‐SMS with DTI facilitates non‐invasive studies of muscle fiber involvement in SMAMs in resting muscle.
Hierarchical Quad Meshing of 3D Scanned Surfaces
2018-08-01

Abstract In this paper we present a novel method to reconstruct watertight quad meshes on scanned 3D geometry. There exist many different approaches to acquire 3D information from real world objects and sceneries. Resulting point clouds depict scanned surfaces as sparse sets of positional information. A common downside is the lack of normals, connectivity or topological adjacency data which makes it difficult to actually recover a meaningful surface. The concept described in this paper is designed to reconstruct a surface mesh despite all this missing information. Even when facing varying sample density, our algorithm is still guaranteed to produce watertight manifold meshes featuring quad faces only. The topology can be set‐up to follow superimposed regular structures or align naturally to the point cloud's shape. Our proposed approach is based on an initial divide and conquer subsampling procedure: Surface samples are clustered in meaningful neighborhoods as leafs of a kd‐tree. A representative sample of the surface neighborhood is determined for each leaf using a spherical surface approximation. The hierarchical structure of the binary tree is utilized to construct a basic set of loose tiles and to interconnect them. As a final step, missing parts of the now coherent tile structure are filled up with an incremental algorithm for locally optimal gap closure. Disfigured or concave faces in the resulting mesh can be removed with a constrained smoothing operator.
Water delivery to dry protoplanets by hit-and-run collisions
2018-08-01

Abstract Final water inventories of newly formed terrestrial planets are shaped by their collision history. A setting where volatiles are transported from beyond the snowline to habitable-zone planets suggests collisions of very dry with water-rich bodies. By means of smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations we study water delivery in scenarios where a dry target is hit by a water-rich projectile, focusing on hit-and-run encounters with two large surviving bodies, which probably comprise about half of all similar-sized collisions (Genda et al. 2017).
Ontology-Supported Design Parameter Management for Change Impact Analysis
2018-08-01

This paper presents an ontology-supported approach to the management of design parameters in engineering. This approach aims specifically at enabling Change Impact Analysis through Requirements Traceability and acquainted expert knowledge of design parameters. The approach is suitable for both software and hardware designs. The activities and features are mainly obtained by (1) the application of an ontology-based universal system modeling procedure proposal for model integration, (2) the utilization of a knowledge base for capturing expert knowledge and (3) a semantic Mission Profile Aware Design platform. OWL is used to represent information and the underlying data model can improve knowledge transfer among heterogeneous systems which are common in complex engineering projects. At the same time, effort to perform reasoning on such models can be reduced. A demonstration and hands-on description of two illustrative use cases complements the paper.
Abstract B46: DICER1 and FOXL2 mutations correlate with clinicopathologic features of ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors
2018-08-01

Abstract Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare mixed ovarian sex cord-stromal neoplasms consisting of a mixture of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and occasionally heterologous elements or retiform differentiation. The only known recurrent genetic abnormality is mutations in DICER1, with rare mutations reported in FOXL2. We set out to determine the DICER1 and FOXL2 mutation status in a series of 51 SLCTs with the goal of establishing a molecular classifier using mutation status and clinicopathologic features. Five tumors were well differentiated, 39 moderately differentiated, and 7 poorly differentiated. Nine tumors had heterologous elements (8 epithelial, one mesenchymal), and four showed retiform differentiation; all of these were moderately differentiated. DICER1 mutations were identified in 16/45 of successfully genotyped tumors (36%, 15 moderately differentiated, 1 poorly differentiated), including 7 with heterologous elements and 3 of 4 with retiform differentiation. FOXL2 c.402C&amp;gt;G mutation was identified in 10/51 tumors (20%, 8 moderately differentiated, 2 poorly differentiated). DICER1 and FOXL2 mutations were mutually exclusive. Median age for the entire cohort was 44 years (range 15-90). Patients with DICER1 mutations were younger (median 23.5 years, range 15-62) than patients with neither DICER1 nor FOXL2 mutation (median 41.5 years, range 16-74). Tumors with FOXL2 mutation occurred exclusively in postmenopausal patients (median 78 years, range 54-90), whereas 11/13 tumors with either heterologous elements (median 26 years, range 16-62) or retiform differentiation (median 38 years, range 18-57) occurred in premenopausal patients. Our data suggest the existence of at least three molecular subtypes of SLCT: DICER1 mutant (younger, moderately/poorly differentiated, including heterologous elements or retiform differentiation), FOXL2 mutant (postmenopausal, moderately/poorly differentiated, no heterologous elements or retiform differentiation), and DICER1/FOXL2 wild-type (no specific age, no heterologous elements, including all well-differentiated tumors). These findings suggest that well-differentiated and moderately/poorly differentiated SLCTs may be different histomolecular entities with different etiologies. Citation Format: Anthony N. Karnezis, Yemin Wang, Jamie Magrill, Jacqueline Keul, Stefan Kommoss, Basile Tessier-Cloutier, Lily Proctor, Dietmar Schmidt, C Blake Gilks, David G. Huntsman, Friedrich Kommoss. DICER1 and FOXL2 mutations correlate with clinicopathologic features of ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference: Addressing Critical Questions in Ovarian Cancer Research and Treatment; Oct 1-4, 2017; Pittsburgh, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(15_Suppl):Abstract nr B46.
Endoscopic Assistance in Retrosigmoid Transmeatal Approach for the Management of Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula
2018-08-01

Over the past several decades, the outcome of treatment for patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) has significantly improved. The goal of the treatment in the early 20th century was to resect the tumor without perioperative mortality. However, with the improvement of diagnostic tools (early-stage diagnosis), advances in anesthetic care, introduction of microsurgical techniques, and intraoperative monitoring, mortality and neurologic morbidity have been significantly reduced without compromising the extent of tumor resection. Therefore, it became possible to preserve normal function of cranial nerves, including the facial nerve and sometimes achieve hearing preservation. Retromastoid approach is currently the most commonly used surgical corridor to VSs. This technique has some limitations in the case of intracanalicular tumors.[1] This is overcome by drilling the internal acoustic meatus. Transmeatal approach is an essential element of retrosigmoid surgery whenever a VS has some intracanalicular components.[1] To expose this component and intracanalicular portions of cranial nerves VII and VIII, posterior wall of the internal auditory canal (IAC) needs to be drilled. Because of the optics of the operating microscope, there are hidden corners that are beyond the vision of the operating surgeon.[2] Opened air cells of the temporal bone due to removal of the posterior wall of the IAC, which are difficult to visualize, may lead to postoperative leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aim of this technical note is to highlight the importance of using endoscope in management of postoperative CSF leak. Endoscopic guidance provides the operator with a detailed insight in the anatomy of the IAC down to its fundus.[2] It is helpful in identification of exposed cells that are missed with operating microscope, and it also improves closure of the cells, thus decreasing the risk of CSF fistula.[3]
New relationship between IL-6 and Gemcitabine resistant cholangiocarcinoma cells
2018-08-01

Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) has limited palliative treatment options. Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin is the current standard of care for inoperable patients, however the treatment outcome still has limitations due to resistance. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) signaling involves in chemotherapy-resistant mechanism. The aim of this study is to establish and characterize Gemcitabine resistant CC cells (GRCCs) as well as to investigate the role of IL-6 and other pathways in Gemcitabine resistant mechanism on CC.
Open heavy flavour production in heavy—ion collisions with ALICE
2018-08-01

Heavy-flavour measurements give an important contribution to the understanding of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) produced in heavy-ion collisions. Heavy quarks are effective probes for the QGP and understanding their interaction with the medium can give insights into its transport properties. The ALICE Collaboration investigates heavy-flavour production by measuring leptons from heavy-flavour decays and by reconstructing hadronic decays of D mesons and charmed baryons. In this proceeding, recent results from ALICE as well as the direction of future heavy-flavour measurements are discussed.
Pebble accretion onto planets in turbulent discs
2018-08-01

Abstract Planets form in protoplanetary accretion discs around young protostars. These discs are driven by internal turbulence and the gas flow is not laminar but has stochastic components. For weakly ionised discs the turbulence can be generated purely hydrodynamically through the vertical shear instability (VSI). Embedded particles (dust/pebbles) experience a hydrodynamic drag and drift inward radially and are stirred up vertically by the turbulent motion of the disc. We study the accretion of particles onto a forming planet embedded in a VSI turbulent protoplanetary disc through a series of 3D hydrodynamical simulations for locally isothermal discs with embedded planets in the mass range from 5 to 100 Earth masses ( M 2295 ).
I.e) Pathology of peritoneal disease free papers
2018-08-01

ObjectivesLaparoscopic peritoneal biopsies are increasingly used to evaluate therapy response of peritoneal metastases (PM) under palliative chemotherapy.A group of European pathologists has proposed a new 4-tied Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS) to determine histological regression of PM.Study aim is to examine a possible prognostic significance of PRGS. MethodsRegistry study.Prospective cohort of 126 laparoscopies in 49 patients with histologically proven PM: Gastric (n = 22); CRC/appendiceal (n = 17); HBP (n = 8); ovarian/tubal (n = 5); PMP (n = 3), MPM (n = 2); others (n = 2) treated with various regimen of SC. 4 biopsies taken from all abdominal quadrants.Analysis by an independent pathologist.Mean PRGS calculated from all available biopsies.An increasing PRGS was considered a POD, a decreasing PRGS an OTR.This study was not powered.Survival statistics with Kaplan-Meyer, multivariate analysis with log-rank. ResultsOut of 35 patients (71%) eligible for histological response assessment (≥2 laparoscopies), 24 (68.5%) had an objective response.Median survival was 9.51 months (CI 95% 0.45-18.6) in POD vs. not achieved after a 12.5 months in OTR patients.Univariate analysis showed a prognostic trend of PRGS for overall survival (p = 0.08).In the multivariate analysis, only bidirectional chemotherapy (p = 0.04), PCI (p = 0.009), Karnofsky index (p = .003)and number of previous chemotherapy lines (p = 0.001) had independent significance. ConclusionThis is the first evidence suggesting a prognostic value for PRGS in PM.This pilot data has to be considered exploratory and should now be confirmed in adequately powered studies.
A combined experimental and modeling study to evaluate pH-dependent sorption of polar and non-polar compounds to polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics
2018-08-02

Although neutral species primarily dominate the overall sorption, hydrophobic entities of ionic species cannot be neglected for some compounds. Notwithstanding, our results show that since microplastic concentrations as currently observed in the environment are very low, they are only a relevant sorbent for strongly hydrophobic but not for polar compounds.
A longitudinal approach to biological psychiatric research: The PsyCourse study
2018-08-02

In current diagnostic systems, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are still conceptualized as distinct categorical entities. Recently, both clinical and genomic evidence have challenged this Kraepelinian dichotomy. There are only few longitudinal studies addressing potential overlaps between these conditions. Here, we present design and first results of the PsyCourse study ( N = 891 individuals at baseline), an ongoing transdiagnostic study of the affective‐to‐psychotic continuum that combines longitudinal deep phenotyping and dimensional assessment of psychopathology with an extensive collection of biomaterial. To provide an initial characterization of the PsyCourse study sample, we compare two broad diagnostic groups defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) classification system, that is, predominantly affective ( n = 367 individuals) versus predominantly psychotic disorders ( n = 524 individuals). Depressive, manic, and psychotic symptoms as well as global functioning over time were contrasted using linear mixed models. Furthermore, we explored the effects of polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia on diagnostic group membership and addressed their effects on nonparticipation in follow‐up visits. While phenotypic results confirmed expected differences in current psychotic symptoms and global functioning, both manic and depressive symptoms did not vary between both groups after correction for multiple testing. Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia significantly explained part of the variability of diagnostic group. The PsyCourse study presents a unique resource to research the complex relationships of psychopathology and biology in severe mental disorders not confined to traditional diagnostic boundaries and is open for collaborations.
Identification of Tumor Antigens Among the HLA Peptidomes of Glioblastoma Tumors and Plasma
2018-08-02

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis to most patients. Immunotherapy of GBM is a potentially beneficial treatment option, whose optimal implementation may depend on familiarity with tumor specific antigens, presented as HLA peptides by the GBM cells. Furthermore, early detection of GBM, such as by a routine blood test, may improve survival, even with the current treatment modalities. This study includes large-scale analyses of the HLA peptidome (immunopeptidome) of the plasma-soluble HLA molecules (sHLA) of 142 plasma samples, and the membranal HLA of GBM tumors of 10 of these patients' tumor samples. Tumor samples were fresh-frozen immediately after surgery and the plasma samples were collected before, and at multiple visits after surgery. In total, this HLA peptidome analysis involved 52 different HLA allotypes and resulted in the identification of more than 35,000 different HLA peptides. Strong correlations were observed in the signal intensities and in the repertoires of identified peptides between the tumors and plasma-soluble HLA peptidomes of the individual patients, whereas low correlations were observed between these HLA peptidomes and the tumors' proteomes. HLA peptides derived from Cancer/Testis Antigens (CTAs) were selected based on their presence among the HLA peptidomes of the patients and absence of expression of their source genes from any healthy and essential human tissues, except from immune-privileged sites. Additionally, peptides were selected as potential biomarkers if their levels in the plasma-sHLA peptidome were significantly reduced after the removal of tumor mass. The CTAs identified among the analyzed HLA peptidomes provide new opportunities for personalized immunotherapy and for early diagnosis of GBM.