julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Changes in the cyclotron line energy on short and long timescales in V 0332+53
2018-03-12

\\nWe present the results of the pulse-amplitude-resolved spectroscopy of the accreting pulsar V 0332+53 using the NuSTAR observations of the source in 2015 and 2016. We investigate the dependence of the energy of the cyclotron resonant scattering feature (CRSF) as a function of X-ray luminosity on timescales comparable with the spin period of the pulsar within individual observations, and the behavior on longer timescales within and between the two observed outbursts. We confirm that in both cases the CRSF energy is negatively correlated with flux at luminosities higher than the critical luminosity and is positively correlated at lower luminosities. We also confirm the recently reported gradual decrease in the line energy during the giant outburst in 2015. Using the NuSTAR data, we find that this decrease was consistent with a linear decay throughout most of the outburst, and flattened or even reversed at the end of the 2015 outburst, approximately simultaneously with the transition to the subcritical regime. We also confirm that by the following outburst in 2016 the line energy rebounded to previous values. The observed behavior of the CRSF energy with time is discussed in terms of changes in the geometry of the CRSF forming region caused by changes in the effective magnetospheric radius.\\n
Neither fish nor fowl: A perceived mismatch in norms and values between oneself, other students, and people back home undermines adaptation to university
2018-03-12

Students from low social‐class background often struggle to adapt to university. Previous research shows that perceived incompatibility between social‐class background identity and student identity is one reason, but little is known about the underlying causes of identity incompatibility. In three studies, we expected and found that students with low subjective social‐class background perceived their values differently from other students, but also differently from people back home, and both increased identity incompatibility. Identity incompatibility negatively affected the student identity. Additionally, the current research also identifies specific patterns of norm and value differences that are prone to perceived identity incompatibility. The findings demonstrate that perceived differences in values from both groups are important mechanisms for identity incompatibility induced by the transition to university that may affect student identities and potentially their university trajectories.
Postoperative Tinnitus After Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery Depends on Preoperative Tinnitus and Both Pre- and Postoperative Hearing Function
2018-03-12

While the presence of preoperative tinnitus was the strongest predictor of postTN, there is a distinct relationship between hearing outcome and postTN depending on the preoperative situation. Functional or anatomical deafferentation due to surgical tumor removal does not prevent postTN <i>per se</i>.
Reactive aggression tracks within‐participant changes in women's salivary testosterone
2018-03-12

The relation between testosterone and aggression has been relatively well documented in men, but it is less well understood in women. Here we assessed the relationship between salivary testosterone and reactive aggression (i.e., rejection rate for unfair offers) in the Ultimatum Game. Forty naturally cycling women were tested twice, once in the late follicular phase (around ovulation) and once during the luteal phase. Ovulation was determined using urine test strips measuring luteinizing hormone levels. Salivary samples were assayed for testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol at both test sessions. There was no association with the cycle, but multilevel modeling revealed a significant within‐participant association between testosterone and rejection rate for extremely unfair offers (i.e., high reactive aggression), indicating that women showed greater reactive aggression when their testosterone levels were higher. Additionally, we found that women with relatively high individual concentrations of testosterone were more likely to reject extremely unfair offers than women with relatively low concentrations of testosterone. This study is the first to demonstrate that women react more aggressively in response to provocation when their testosterone level is high than when their testosterone is low, suggesting that testosterone plays an important role in the regulation of women's aggressive behavior following social provocation.
Broadcasting the World Cup: a multinational comparative analysis broadcast quality in the 2014 World Cup
2018-03-12

Mega sporting events such as FIFA’s quadrennial World Cup are among the few telecasts capable of generating large nationwide and worldwide numbers. The 2014 World Cup garnered over one billion estimated viewers, and events such as this represent important elements of the sports media landscape, providing media benchmarks in journalism as well as commercialism. This study evaluates telecasts from four different countries during the 2014 World Cup, examining these telecasts through the lens of broadcast quality, as explored in earlier studies of such telecasts. Scholars examined telecasts originating in Germany, Ghana, Portugal, and the United States, comparing a variety of elements within each broadcast via content analysis. Results indicated an increasing emphasis on pre-match coverage in telecasts, a growing importance of panel discussions and ‘expert’ commentary, and a corresponding loss of hard news and journalism. These findings appear to correspond with the research of Turner, who observed increased focus on periphery and contextual items in a longitudinal analysis of ESPN’s SportsCenter.
Novel advanced scoping meta-review methodology for defining a graduate level textbook in an emerging subject area.
2018-03-12

This paper describes a library-based project involving the library staff at the Institute of Technology Carlow (ITC), in a collaboration led by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), Action MP1302 Nanospectroscopy. The project uses a comprehensive scoping methodology, an Advanced Scoping Meta-Review (ASMR), to identify significant topics in an emergent subject area; Optical Nanospectroscopy. An agreed mapping of the subject is derived in order to deliver a pedagogically coherent structure for a three-volume textbook set intended primarily for Early Stage Researchers (ESR). The review process is based on some earlier scoping methodologies, but is devised for a project involving a large number of individuals collaborating in authorship of the textbooks.A description of the scoping process is given, noting both the specific work in searching for and retrieving the appropriate literature, the qualitative and quantitative analysis and ordering of the search results, and placing the meta-review in the wider context of the editorial process to develop the Nanospectroscopy textbooks.The meta-review is employed in a special way in order to map an emergent subject area for the purpose of textbook development, rather than the more traditional use of such reviews to answer specific research questions. The importance of the library-led searching which underpinned this activity is emphasised. The successful outcome of this process resulting in agreement on the detailed content of three volumes is discussed. The paper ends with a critical evaluation of the lessons that can be drawn from this project.
FACIES HETEROGENEITIES IN A RAMP CARBONATE RESERVOIR ANALOGUE: A NEW HIGH‐RESOLUTION APPROACH FOR 3D FACIES MODELLING
2018-03-13

In contrast to the conventional view that facies distribution patterns on carbonate ramps are relatively simple, outcrop analogue studies point to a high degree of internal facies complexity. Depending on the diagenetic overprint, this complex pattern may result in reservoir compartmentalization due to the presence of interflow baffles. The often subseismic scale heterogeneities may not be included in conventional reservoir modelling. In order to evaluate how facies heterogeneities in shoal reservoirs can be modelled realistically, this paper presents a facies modelling workflow which includes a new approach to the design of training images for multiple‐point statistics (MPS). The workflow was developed in the course of a reservoir outcrop analogue study of a Ladinian (Middle Triassic) coquinadominated shoal complex in SW Germany which was deposited on an epicontinental, gently inclined carbonate ramp. The data set was based on an intensive field study and includes 3D facies and sequence stratigraphic analyses of the largest shoal complex in the Quaderkalk Formation (Upper Muschelkalk). This several metre thick shoal complex represents a subseismic scale, bioclast‐rich reservoir analogue and has a very heterogeneous facies pattern. Integrating 1D facies logs and sequence stratigraphic trends from tens of outcrop sections and cores, two nested 3D geocellular facies models were produced: (i) a large‐scale (30 × 30 km) model based on truncated Gaussian simulation (TGS); this formed the basis for (ii) a smaller‐scale (10 × 10 km), more detailed model based on multiple point statistics. In addition, a new approach for training image design was developed to honour small‐scale sequence stratigraphic trends and lateral facies patterns observed in modern analogues. Compared to facies patterns in modern analogues, the large‐scale model presents geologically‐feasible facies distribution patterns and geometries, and in addition shows a vertical facies distribution which is similar to the observed sequence stratigraphic architecture of the outcrop data‐set used. Due to the new training image design, the final small‐scale model has a distribution pattern of facies heterogeneities which looks similar to modern facies distributions in the offshore UAE and thus represents a valuable method of producing realistic reservoir facies models. The modelling workflow and the new approach for training image design presented will help to reduce uncertainties in the understanding and modelling of subsurface reservoirs by using a systematic combination of outcrop data and modern analogues, with the consistent application of sequence stratigraphic principles. In addition, this study emphasises the importance of careful training image design, derived from modern analogues, which can be used as realistic inputs in order to optimize multiple point simulations, and which may be applied to producing bioclastic reservoirs such as those located on the Arabian Plate or offshore Brazil.
Stabilizing Quantum Disjunction
2018-03-13

Since the appearance of Prior’s tonk, inferentialists tried to formulate conditions that a collection of inference rules for a logical constant has to satisfy in order to succeed in conferring an acceptable meaning to it. Dummett proposed a pair of conditions, dubbed ‘harmony’ and ‘stability’ that have been cashed out in terms of the existence of certain transformations on natural deduction derivations called reductions and expansions. A long standing open problem for this proposal is posed by quantum disjunction: although its rules are intuitively unstable, they pass the test of existence of expansions. Although most authors view instabilities of this kind as too subtle to be detected by the requirement of existence of expansions, we first discuss a case showing that this requirement can indeed detect instabilities of this kind, and then show how the expansions for disjunction-like connectives have to be reformulated to rule out quantum disjunction. We show how the alternative pattern for expansions can be formulated for connectives and quantifiers whose rules satisfy a scheme originally developed by Prawitz and Schroeder-Heister. Finally we compare our proposal with a recent one due to Jacinto and Read.
Freedom at the fringes? Slave flight and empire-building in the early modern Spanish borderlands of Essequibo–Venezuela and Louisiana–Texas
2018-03-13

&lt;p&gt;In spaces of contested sovereignty, self-emancipated slaves&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;exploited imperial rivalries to attain freedom, based on the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Spanish religious sanctuary. However, the status of foreign&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;escaped slaves always remained subject to issues of empire-building.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This article focuses on fugitive slaves from the Dutch&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;colony of Essequibo and territorial Louisiana looking for&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;freedom at the southern and northern borderlands of the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Spanish empire, respectively, in Venezuela and Texas. In the&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;former, increased Spanish control over the borderland created&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;more opportunities for ‘runaways’. In the latter, improvisation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;led to erratic policies, related to pressure from US planters.&lt;/p&gt;
Role of Toll-like receptors and interferon regulatory factors in different experimental heart failure models of diverse etiology: IRF7 as novel cardiovascular stress-inducible factor
2018-03-14

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world. Although optimal medical care and treatment is widely available, the prognosis of patients with HF is still poor. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important compartments of the innate immunity. Current studies have identified TLRs as critical mediators in cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of TLRs and interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRFs) in different experimental HF models including viral myocarditis, myocardial ischemia, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, we investigated for the first time comprehensive TLR and IRF gene and protein expression under basal conditions in murine and human cardiac tissue. We found that Tlr4, Tlr9 and Irf7 displayed highest gene expression under basal conditions, indicating their significant role in first-line defense in the murine and human heart. Moreover, induction of TLRs and IRFs clearly differs between the various experimental HF models of diverse etiology and the concomitant inflammatory status. In the HF model of acute viral-induced myocarditis, TLR and IRF activation displayed the uppermost gene expression in comparison to the remaining experimental HF models, indicating the highest amount of myocardial inflammation in myocarditis. In detail, Irf7 displayed by far the highest gene expression during acute viral infection. Interestingly, post myocardial infarction TLR and IRF gene expression was almost exclusively increased in the infarct zone after myocardial ischemia (Tlr2, Tlr3, Tlr6, Tlr7, Tlr9, Irf3, Irf7). With one exception, Irf3 showed a decreased gene expression in the remote zone post infarction. Finally, we identified Irf7 as novel cardiovascular stress-inducible factor in the pathologically stressed heart. These findings on TLR and IRF function in the inflamed heart highlight the complexity of inflammatory immune response and raise more interesting questions for future investigation.
Electromagnetic structure of nucleon and Roper in soft-wall AdS/QCD
2018-03-14

We present an improved study of the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon and of the Roper-nucleon transition using an extended version of the effective action of soft-wall AdS/QCD. We include novel contribution from additional non-minimal terms, which do not renormalize the charge and do not change the normalization of the corresponding form factors, but the inclusion of these terms results in an important contribution to the momentum dependence of the form factors and helicity amplitudes.
Prenatal cranial bone development of Thomas's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus thomasi): with special reference to petrosal morphology
2018-03-14

Abstract Cochlear morphology has been regarded as one of the key traits to understand the origin and evolution of echolocation in bats, given its functionality and performance for receiving echolocation sonar. While numerous researchers have compared adult‐stage morphology, few have studied the prenatal development of the cochlea. Here, we provide the first detailed three‐dimensional description of the prenatal cranial development in bats, using Rhinolophus thomasi as a model, with particular interest to the petrosal which houses the cochlea. Results revealed that among all cranial bones the onset of the ossification of the petrosal is earlier in R. thomasi when compared to other reported mammals. Generally, the cochlea reaches adult size and shape before or around birth in placental mammals including bats, but we found that its shape and size growths continue until maturity in Rhinolophus species. The relationship of cochlear size and skull size is maintained constant throughout the postnatal ontogeny to adulthood in Rhinolophus , a pattern previously reported neither in any other bats nor other mammals. The peculiar developmental pattern in Rhinolophus possibly allows them to form their characteristically large cochlea and facilitate their distinctive echolocation behavior. A recent study reported that non‐echolocating Pteropodidae shares a similar prenatal cochlear size to laryngeal echolocating bats. The apparent resemblance of fetal cochlear size was proposed to be a vestigial signal of large cochlear size in the last common ancestor of bats and thus as supporting evidence for the single origin of laryngeal echolocation. However, results from the present observations suggest that limited aspects of the cochlear development were captured in this previous investigation and that the resulting interpretations may be questionable. We point out that diversity and patterns of cochlear development among bats are still not resolved, and the controversy on the origins of laryngeal echolocation is still open to discussion.
Difficulties when using video playback to investigate social cognition in California scrub-jays (Aphelocoma californica)
2018-03-14

Previous research has suggested that videos can be used to experimentally manipulate social stimuli. In the present study, we used the California scrub-jays’ cache protection strategies to assess whether video playback can be used to simulate conspecifics in a social context. In both the lab and the field, scrub-jays are known to exhibit a range of behaviours to protect their caches from potential pilferage by a conspecific, for example by hiding food in locations out of the observer’s view or by re-caching previously made caches once the observer has left. Here, we presented scrub-jays with videos of a conspecific observer as well as two non-social conditions during a caching period and assessed whether they would cache out of the observer’s “view” (Experiment 1) or would re-cache their caches once the observer was no longer present (Experiment 2). In contrast to previous studies using live observers, the scrub-jays’ caching and re-caching behaviour was not influenced by whether the observer was present or absent. These findings suggest that there might be limitations in using video playback of social agents to mimic real-life situations when investigating corvid decision making.
The first tunicate with a calcareous exoskeleton (Upper Triassic, northern Italy)
2018-03-14

Abstract The first tunicates with a calcareous exoskeleton are reported from Late Triassic buildup‐slope deposits of the Dolomites. Although examples of this group have been known since the early 1900s from the middle–upper Permian of eastern Asia and Sicily as Khmeria , they were erroneously attributed to rugose corals. These early representatives are small, double‐valved, conical skeletons, which evolved into multi‐plated capsules with up to 35 opercula. The latter are joined along zigzag margins, which in life could probably be opened for the atrial and branchial siphons. The construction and shape of these skeletons distinguish them from plants or other invertebrate phyla, while they share several similarities with living tunicates, specifically to sessile ascidians. Apart from a soft‐bodied genus from the lower Cambrian of China, ascidians are known only from isolated spicules, which occur sporadically from the Lower Jurassic onwards. The calcareous skeleton of these Late Triassic tunicates consists of aragonitic fibres, which form spherulitic or clinogonal microstructures. It seems that the stellate aragonitic spicules of Jurassic to Recent ascidians are a vestige of Permian–Triassic ancestors, which after the Carnian lost the ability to construct compound solid skeletons but partly still retain a soft double‐valved or multi‐operculate cellulose‐like tunic. The following taxa are described as new: Order Khmeriamorpha with the genera Khmeria Mansuy and Zardinisoma gen. nov., and the following species: Khmeria stolonifera (late Permian), Khmeria minima (Late Triassic), Zardinisoma japonicum (late Permian), Z. cassianum , Z. pyriforme , Z. polyplacophorum and Z. pauciplacophorum (all Late Triassic).
How do German bilingual schoolchildren process German prepositions? – A study on language-motor interactions
2018-03-14

While much support is found for embodied language processing in a first language (L1), evidence for embodiment in second language (L2) processing is rather sparse. In a recent study, we found support for L2 embodiment, but also an influence of L1 on L2 processing in adult learners. In the present study, we compared bilingual schoolchildren who speak German as one of their languages with monolingual German schoolchildren. We presented the German prepositions auf (on), über (above), and unter (under) in a Stroop-like task. Upward or downward responses were made depending on the font colour, resulting in compatible and incompatible trials. We found compatibility effects for all children, but in contrast to the adult sample, there were no processing differences between the children depending on the nature of their other language, suggesting that the processing of German prepositions of bilingual children is embodied in a similar way as in monolingual German children.
Plasmon-enhanced light emission from an optically pumped bias-controlled tunneling junction (Conference Presentation)
2018-03-14

Invited Ultra-small light sources which can be controlled electrically or optically are of great interest to nano-photonics. Electroluminescence induced by inelastic tunneling from an STM-junction is such an example, however hampered due to a small quantum efficiency. We observe enhanced emission of photons from such a tunneling junction by almost three orders of magnitudes by additionally exciting a gap-plasmon oscillation with laser irradiation. Either a pristine Au-substrate/Au-tip tunneling junction or a junction (Au-substrate/self-assembled molecular monolayer/Au-tip) with molecules chemically bound to the Au substrate is used. Analyzing the emission spectra from the junction recorded as a function of bias voltage for the Au-Au junction we conclude that the enhanced intensity is induced by laser illumination and originates from the radiative decay of hot electrons closely above the Fermi level via inelastic tunneling into the plasmon modes formed by the tip-substrate gap. In the presence of molecules in the gap, we observe a bias dependent spectral narrowing characteristic for superluminescence. The optically pumped molecular junction behaves as a bias-driven point source, operating at ambient conditions and providing almost three orders of magnitude higher electron-to-photon conversion efficiency than electroluminescence induced by inelastic tunneling without optical pumping. The enhanced emission can be modeled by rate equations taking into account the hole-injection from the tip (anode) into the highest occupied orbital of the closest substrate bound molecule (lower level) and radiative recombination with an electron from above the Fermi-level (upper level), hence feeding photons back by stimulated emission resonant with the gap mode.