julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation conditions increased invigoration and wanting in depression
2023-09-29

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is often marked by impaired motivation and reward processing, known as anhedonia. Many patients do not respond to first-line treatments, and improvements in motivation can be slow, creating an urgent need for rapid interventions. Recently, we demonstrated that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) acutely boosts effort invigoration in healthy participants, but its effects on depression remain unclear. Objective To assess the impact of taVNS on effort invigoration and maintenance in a sample that includes patients with MDD, evaluating the generalizability of our findings. Methods We used a single-blind, randomized crossover design in 30 patients with MDD and 29 matched (age, sex, and BMI) healthy control participants (HCP). Results Consistent with prior findings, taVNS increased effort invigoration for rewards in both groups during Session 1 ( p =.040), particularly for less wanted rewards in HCP ( p boot &lt;.001). However, invigoration remained elevated in all participants, and no acute changes were observed in Session 2 (Δinvigoration=3.52, p =.093). Crucially, throughout Session 1, we found taVNS-induced increases in effort invigoration ( p boot =.008) and wanting ( p boot =.010) in patients with MDD, with gains in wanting maintained across sessions (Δwanting=0.06, p =.97). Conclusions Our study replicates the invigorating effects of taVNS in Session 1 and reveals its generalizability to depression. Furthermore, we expand upon previous research by showing taVNS-induced conditioning effects on invigoration and wanting within Session 1 in patients that were largely sustained. While enduring motivational improvements present challenges for crossover designs, they are highly desirable in interventions and warrant further follow-up research. Graphical abstract
MASSA Algorithm: automated rational sampling of training and test subsets for QSAR modelling
2023-09-29

QSAR models capable of predicting biological, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic properties were widely used to search lead bioactive molecules in chemical databases. The dataset’s preparation to build these models has a strong influence on the quality of the generated models, and sampling requires that the original dataset be divided into training (for model training) and test (for statistical evaluation) sets. This sampling can be done randomly or rationally, but the rational division is superior. In this paper, we present MASSA, a Python tool that can be used to automatically sample datasets by exploring the biological, physicochemical, and structural spaces of molecules using PCA, HCA, and K-modes. The proposed algorithm is very useful when the variables used for QSAR are not available or to construct multiple QSAR models with the same training and test sets, producing models with lower variability and better values for validation metrics. These results were obtained even when the descriptors used in the QSAR/QSPR were different from those used in the separation of training and test sets, indicating that this tool can be used to build models for more than one QSAR/QSPR technique. Finally, this tool also generates useful graphical representations that can provide insights into the data.
From research to prototypes: Developing a digital game to foster fraction equivalence.
2023-09-29

Fraction understanding is a significant predictor of future math achievement. In addition to more traditional instruction, digital game-based approaches have been found successful in facilitating conceptual understanding of fractions (including aspects such as part-whole relations represented as pie-charts, or measurement, i.e., magnitude in terms of number lines). Nevertheless, the number of existing games that address the aspect of fraction equivalence is limited and if so, these typically replicate common paper-and-pencil tasks like identifying and matching equivalent fractions. This, however, hardly takes advantage of the medium’s potential and affordances nor strives for intrinsic integration of the learning content with game mechanics. Seeking to overcome this shortcoming, the present article describes the development of a digital game fostering fraction equivalence. To do so, among others, we developed visual animations illustrating the transitions from circular part-whole representations (pie-charts) to magnitudes on a number line—drawing on previous research and games. In particular, a wheel is presented, whose circumference matches the length of the number line which it rolls along. Players can manipulate the number of spikes on the wheel reflecting the number of parts of the whole (e.g., 2 spikes halve the circle, while 4 cut it into quarters etc.). By rolling the wheel, the spikes puncture the number line thus segmenting it into equal parts, essentially transforming the aspects from part-whole relations to measurement (magnitude) on the number line. Additionally, as punctures of 2 and 4 spikes will coincide at the 1/2 - 2/4 location of a 0-1 number line, players can find equivalent fractions. The game under development will be evaluated with late primary/early secondary school students to test its game design, affordances, and possible impact on fraction understanding.
Hegemonic listening and doing memory on right-wing violence: Negotiating German political culture in public spheres
2023-09-29

The first section of this chapter illustrates that the pogrom in Rostock-Lichtenhagen in 1992 has not been categorized sufficiently as a substantial milestone of right-wing violence in postwar Germany. This pogrom led to historically significant limitations in the right to asylum, ultimately resulting in a change to the German constitution. We propose to look at Rostock-Lichtenhagen as an example to explain that practices of remembering right-wing violence, a process that we describe with the term ‘Doing Memory on right-wing violence’, is a central part of creating a society’s basic story. This basic story, in turn, contributes to how a society understands itself. In this chapter’s second section, we argue first that analyzing practices of memory of right-wing violence, be they acknowledging, forgetting or suppressing those practices, actually make it possible to even expose the persistence of the basic story as a central element of political culture. Second, we want to uncover how potential and publicly effective interventions of and changes to the basic story might look like. Here, we build on Habermas’ model of democracy, utilize Susan Bickford’s work on listening as an important element in her political philosophy and refer to Benjamin Barber, who articulates that a participatory democracy requires political listening. As a result, our chapter’s third section demonstrates how listening can be conceptualized from a supra-individual perspective and how questions that are critical of existing hegemonic structures can prioritize a focus on hegemonic (non)listening. Lastly, we will sketch out strategies to intervene in hegemonic (non)listening. These strategies connect theoretically with concepts of ‘counter publics’ and ‘opinion forming publics’ and reference, among others, the work of Seyla Benhabib and Iris Marion Young, thus enabling the creation and execution of resistance practices of Doing Memory on right-wing violence.
Understanding Cyclotron Lines in the Spectra of Accreting Neutron Stars
2023-09-29

Cyclotron lines are formed through transitions of electrons between discrete Landau levels in the accretion columns of accreting neutron stars with strong (B ∼ 1012 G) magnetic fields. We summarize recent results on the formation of the spectral continuum of such systems, describe recent advances in the mod-eling of the lines based on a modification of the commonly used Monte Carlo approach, and discuss new results on the dependence of the measured cyclotron line energy from the luminosity of transient neutron star systems.
Migrating Research Data to Another Repository
2023-09-29

&lt;p&gt;Five years ago, we crafted a detailed scenario for migrating our research data from our locally-maintained, institutional repository to an external repository for which we had little control over. Now, with the rising cost of updating and maintaining our repository software to the latest version, we decided to realize the scenario step by step. We describe the challenges we encountered in the migration process.&lt;/p&gt;
What Counteracts Problematic Social Media Use in Adolescence? A Cross-National Observational Study
2023-09-30

In adolescence, health literacy, family support, and friend support have the potential to moderate the association between individual characteristics and PSMU, and between PSMU and health outcomes, cross-nationally and nationally. We recommend the use of universal and targeted interventions to promote individual and social resources to counteract PSMU.
Revealing the Impact of Polystyrene Functionalization of Au Octahedral Nanocrystals of Different Sizes on the Formation and Structure of Mesocrystals
2023-09-30

Abstract The self‐assembly of anisotropic nanocrystals (stabilized by organic capping molecules) with pre‐selected composition, size, and shape allows for the creation of nanostructured materials with unique structures and features. For such a material, the shape and packing of the individual nanoparticles play an important role. This work presents a synthesis procedure for ω‐thiol‐terminated polystyrene (PS‐SH) functionalized gold nanooctahedra of variable size (edge length 37, 46, 58, and 72 nm). The impact of polymer chain length (Mw: 11k, 22k, 43k, and 66k g⋅mol −1 ) on the growth of colloidal crystals ( e. g . mesocrystals) and their resulting crystal structure is investigated. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) methods provide a detailed structural examination of the self‐assembled faceted mesocrystals based on octahedral gold nanoparticles of different size and surface functionalization. Three‐dimensional angular X‐ray cross‐correlation analysis (AXCCA) enables high‐precision determination of the superlattice structure and relative orientation of nanoparticles in mesocrystals. This approach allows us to perform non‐destructive characterization of mesocrystalline materials and reveals their structure with resolution down to the nanometer scale.
Deviations in Sound Waves Associated with Physiological and Psychological States
2023-09-30

Sound waves are known to be affected by the presence of a human subject in the acoustic environment. Deviations in sound waves are dependent on the position, posture and body mass of the subject, and show consistent variance dependent on the subject and the sound stimulus. To arrive at a better understanding of the nature of this dependency, deviations in sound waves in the presence of a human subject were measured in an acoustic test environment, in conjunction with measurements reporting the physiological and psychological state of subjects in response to a sound stimulus projected in three different room sizes. We find that the absorption or amplification of sound waves in response to the subject is directly proportional to the amplitude of brain activity of the subject, where the amplification of both sound waves and brain activity is associated with an increase in positive valence and decrease in negative valence experienced by the subject. Increased Theta activity corresponded to a strong increase in harmonic power of low sound frequencies in the medium room size, while increased Gamma activity observed in the right parietal lobe indicates an enhanced spatial perception of subjects in this projection. We discuss the potential of these findings for future research and applications.
A class of stochastic nonlocal evolution equations with nonlocal initial conditions
2023-09-30

In this paper, we consider the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions for stochastic nonlocal evolution equations with Lévy diffusion operator and nonlocal initial conditions. Based on the continuity of the Lévy semigroup and the technique of the measure of noncompactness, we establish the local existence of mild solutions in [Formula: see text] under some weaker growth conditions. Moreover, we obtain the existence of mild solutions on any finite interval by using the general growth conditions on the nonlinear. Finally, the global existence and uniqueness of mild solutions follow from the additional Lipschitz conditions on nonlinear terms.
JUNO sensitivity to 7Be, pep, and CNO solar neutrinos
2023-10-01

Abstract The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), the first multi-kton liquid scintillator detector, which is under construction in China, will have a unique potential to perform a real-time measurement of solar neutrinos well below the few MeV threshold typical of Water Cherenkov detectors. JUNO's large target mass and excellent energy resolution are prerequisites for reaching unprecedented levels of precision. In this paper, we provide estimation of the JUNO sensitivity to 7 Be, pep , and CNO solar neutrinos that can be obtained via a spectral analysis above the 0.45 MeV threshold. This study is performed assuming different scenarios of the liquid scintillator radiopurity, ranging from the most optimistic one corresponding to the radiopurity levels obtained by the Borexino experiment, up to the minimum requirements needed to perform the neutrino mass ordering determination with reactor antineutrinos — the main goal of JUNO. Our study shows that in most scenarios, JUNO will be able to improve the current best measurements on 7 Be, pep , and CNO solar neutrino fluxes. We also perform a study on the JUNO capability to detect periodical time variations in the solar neutrino flux, such as the day-night modulation induced by neutrino flavor regeneration in Earth, and the modulations induced by temperature changes driven by helioseismic waves.
Memory Maps for Video Object Detection and Tracking on UAVs
2023-10-01

This paper introduces a novel approach to video object detection detection and tracking on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). By incorporating metadata, the proposed approach creates a memory map of object locations in actual world coordinates, providing a more robust and interpretable representation of object locations in both, image space and the real world. We use this representation to boost confidences, resulting in improved performance for several temporal computer vision tasks, such as video object detection, short and long-term single and multi-object tracking, and video anomaly detection. These findings confirm the benefits of metadata in enhancing the capabilities of UAVs in the field of temporal computer vision and pave the way for further advancements in this area.
Radiotracer Development for Fungal-Specific Imaging: Past, Present, and Future
2023-10-01

Abstract Invasive fungal infections have become a major challenge for public health, mainly due to the growing numbers of immunocompromised patients, with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, conventional imaging modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging contribute largely to the noninvasive diagnosis and treatment evaluation of those infections. These techniques, however, often fall short when a fast, noninvasive and specific diagnosis of fungal infection is necessary. Molecular imaging, especially using nuclear medicine-based techniques, aims to develop fungal-specific radiotracers that can be tested in preclinical models and eventually translated to human applications. In the last few decades, multiple radioligands have been developed and tested as potential fungal-specific tracers. These include radiolabeled peptides, antifungal drugs, siderophores, fungal-specific antibodies, and sugars. In this review, we provide an overview of the pros and cons of the available radiotracers. We also address the future prospects of fungal-specific imaging.
S3 guideline „actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma“– update 2023, part 1: treatment of actinic keratosis, actinic cheilitis, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease), occupational disease and structures of care
2023-10-01

Summary Actinic keratosis (AK) are common lesions in light‐skinned individuals that can potentially progress to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Both conditions may be associated with significant morbidity and constitute a major disease burden, especially among the elderly. To establish an evidence‐based framework for clinical decision making, the guideline “actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma” was updated and expanded by the topics cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) and actinic cheilitis. The guideline is aimed at dermatologists, general practitioners, ear nose and throat specialists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists and radiation oncologists in hospitals and office‐based settings, as well as other medical specialties, policy makers and insurance funds involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with AK and cSCC. A separate guideline exists for patients and their relatives. In this part, we will address aspects relating to AK, actinic cheilitis, Bowen's disease, occupational disease and care structures.
Photoelectrochemical Schlenk cell functionalization of multi-junction water-splitting photoelectrodes
2023-10-01

Solar water splitting has the potential to significantly contribute to future greenhouse-gas-free fuels. In photoelectrochemical water splitting, the solar absorber is in direct contact with the aqueous electrolyte. This enables a higher level of device integration, but it also creates additional challenges when compared to decoupled photovoltaics-electrolysis approaches. Here, we report on the design of a photoelectrochemical Schlenk cell processing routine that allows photoelectrochemical interface functionalization under controlled conditions. Interface inhomogeneities that accelerate corrosion are hereby reduced, while the photoelectrochemical window layer from the functionalization reduces voltage and light absorption losses for the photoelectrode. Applied to a dual-junction GaInP/GaAs photoelectrode, we demonstrate solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies of up to 18.8% on increased electrode areas and longer unbiased electrode lifetimes compared to similar previous work. This general processing approach should be transferable to other systems where photoelectrochemical functionalization with optical in situ control is desirable.
Machine learning‐based classification of Alzheimer's disease and its at‐risk states using personality traits, anxiety, and depression
2023-10-01

Abstract Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often preceded by stages of cognitive impairment, namely subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). While cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are established predictors of AD, other non‐invasive candidate predictors include personality traits, anxiety, and depression, among others. These predictors offer non‐invasive assessment and exhibit changes during AD development and preclinical stages. Methods In a cross‐sectional design, we comparatively evaluated the predictive value of personality traits (Big Five), geriatric anxiety and depression scores, resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging activity of the default mode network, apoliprotein E (ApoE) genotype, and CSF biomarkers (tTau, pTau181, Aβ42/40 ratio) in a multi‐class support vector machine classification. Participants included 189 healthy controls (HC), 338 individuals with SCD, 132 with amnestic MCI, and 74 with mild AD from the multicenter DZNE‐Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). Results Mean predictive accuracy across all participant groups was highest when utilizing a combination of personality, depression, and anxiety scores. HC were best predicted by a feature set comprised of depression and anxiety scores and participants with AD were best predicted by a feature set containing CSF biomarkers. Classification of participants with SCD or aMCI was near chance level for all assessed feature sets. Conclusion Our results demonstrate predictive value of personality trait and state scores for AD. Importantly, CSF biomarkers, personality, depression, anxiety, and ApoE genotype show complementary value for classification of AD and its at‐risk stages.
Parallel worlds and mixed economies: multi-proxy analysis reveals complex subsistence systems at the dawn of early farming in the northeast Baltic
2023-10-01

The transition from foraging to farming was a key turning point in ancient socio-economies. Yet, the complexities and regional variations of this transformation are still poorly understood. This multi-proxy study provides a new understanding of the introduction and spread of early farming, challenging the notions of hierarchical economies. The most extensive biological and biomolecular dietary overview, combining zooarchaeological, archaeobotanical, dietary stable isotope and pottery lipid residue analyses is presented, to unravel the nature and extent of early farming in the 3rd millennium cal BCE in the northeast Baltic. Farming was introduced by incoming Corded Ware cultural groups (CWC), but some dietary segregation existed within these communities, with some having more access to domesticates, others incorporating more wild resources into their diet. The CWC groups coexisted in parallel with local hunter–fisher–gatherers (HFG) without any indication of the adoption of domesticates. There was no transition from foraging to farming in the 3rd millennium cal BCE in the NE Baltic. Instead, we see a complex system of parallel worlds with local HFGs continuing forager lifeways, and incoming farmers practising mixed economies, with the continuation of these subsistence strategies for at least a millennium after the first encounter with domesticated animals.
Polymorphisms in genes of melatonin biosynthesis and signaling support the light-at-night hypothesis for breast cancer
2023-10-01

Abstract Light-at-night triggers the decline of pineal gland melatonin biosynthesis and secretion and is an IARC-classified probable breast-cancer risk factor. We applied a large-scale molecular epidemiology approach to shed light on the putative role of melatonin in breast cancer. We investigated associations between breast-cancer risk and polymorphisms at genes of melatonin biosynthesis/signaling using a study population of 44,405 women from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (22,992 cases, 21,413 population-based controls). Genotype data of 97 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 18 defined gene regions were investigated for breast-cancer risk effects. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by logistic regression for the main-effect analysis as well as stratified analyses by estrogen- and progesterone-receptor (ER, PR) status. SNP-SNP interactions were analyzed via a two-step procedure based on logic regression. The Bayesian false-discovery probability (BFDP) was used for all analyses to account for multiple testing. Noteworthy associations (BFDP &lt; 0.8) included 10 linked SNPs in tryptophan hydroxylase 2 ( TPH2 ) (e.g. rs1386492: OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.12), and a SNP in the mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 ( MAPK8 ) (rs10857561: OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.18). The SNP-SNP interaction analysis revealed noteworthy interaction terms with TPH2- and MAPK-related SNPs (e.g. rs1386483 R ∧ rs1473473 D ∧ rs3729931 D : OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.09–1.32). In line with the light-at-night hypothesis that links shift work with elevated breast-cancer risks our results point to SNPs in TPH2 and MAPK-genes that may impact the intricate network of circadian regulation.