julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Neural emotion regulation during pregnancy: An fMRI study investigating a transdiagnostic mental health factor in healthy first-time pregnant women
2025-01-01

Abstract Pregnancy is a psycho-neuro-endocrinological transition phase presenting a window of vulnerability for mental health. Emotion regulation, a transdiagnostic factor for psychopathology, is influenced by estradiol across the menstrual cycle on the behavioral and neural level. Whether this is also the case in the antepartum period remains unknown. For the first time, behavioral and neural emotion regulation were investigated in healthy pregnant females with extremely high estradiol levels during the second trimester (N = 15) using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm. Results were compared with naturally cycling females with high (N = 16) and low estradiol levels (N = 16). Although pregnant females reported the lowest trait use of cognitive reappraisal, all participants successfully regulated their emotions by applying cognitive reappraisal in the scanner. During downregulation of negative emotions, all females had increased activity in the left middle frontal gyrus. Pregnant females showed no significant differences in functional connectivity (psychophysiological interaction, resting-state) related to emotion regulation compared with the nonpregnant groups. However, group differences emerged for amygdala activation. In pregnant females, increased amygdala activity predicted reduced regulation success and was positively associated with depression scores. This first fMRI study during pregnancy indicates that depression scores are reflected in heightened amygdala activity already observable in the antepartum period. Thus, through its association with reduced regulation success, increased amygdala activity suggests a neural risk marker for peripartum mental health. The findings highlight the importance of investigating neural and behavioral emotion regulation in the ante- and postpartum period, eventually allowing enhanced identification, prevention, and treatment of peripartum mental ill-health.
The support of the Observant movement by the city councils of Nuremberg, Strasbourg and Ulm
2025-01-01

This paper focuses on three important cities of the Empire which had largely emancipated themselves from their rulers and were thus able to pursue their own agendas regarding local religious institutions during the fifteenth century: Nuremberg, Strasbourg and Ulm. The three examples show that the town councils also attempted to intervene in internal affairs and influence religious life within the monasteries. The introduction of the Observant reform was mostly supported by the majority of the council. Not only religious and economic aspects could have played a role here, but also the formation of factions within the city and family strategies were of particular importance. The councils, or rather their influential parts, often spared neither effort nor expense to enforce their will, with or without the clergy’s support.
Sulfur depletion through repetitive redox cycling unmasks the role of the cryptic sulfur cycle for (methyl)thioarsenate formation in paddy soils
2025-01-01

The reduced sulfur required for arsenic thiolation in paddy soils comes mainly from the reduction of the soil's sulfate content. Here we show how the cryptic sulfur cycle offers a secondary sulfate pool, influencing thioarsenate biogeochemistry.
Boradigermaallyl: inhibition of CH bond activation by borane CO adduct formation followed by CO insertion
2025-01-01

Multifaceted reactions of boradigermaallyl with unsaturated organic molecules are presented. CH activation is suppressed by CO borane adduct formation and subsequent CO insertion results in an α,β-unsaturated acylboron compound.
SpinWalk: A Monte Carlo simulator for MR-signal formation in inhomogeneous tissue
2025-01-01

Abstract Monte Carlo simulation is extensively utilized in functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research to examine the behavior of an MR sequence in the presence of diffusion within complex microstructures. These simulations necessitate a substantial number of diffusing particles and time steps to be modeled to achieve convergence and produce robust and reliable results, which is computationally intensive. Incorporating additional parameters to enhance the realism of the simulations further intensifies this computational burden, particularly when simulating steady-state sequences, which require a long period of time to be simulated. To address this, we present SpinWalk, a high-performance Monte Carlo simulator for functional MRI. SpinWalk is free and open-source software, designed to offer a high-performance framework for facilitating the simulation of custom sequences. SpinWalk enables popular sequences in functional MRI to be efficiently simulated and ensures that results can be consistently reproduced. Key sequence and tissue parameters can be set, making SpinWalk flexible in examining different factors that contribute in signal formation. This versatility is demonstrated by replicating simulations from several previous studies, including GRE, SE, bSSFP, GRASE, and STE sequences. Performance evaluations demonstrate that SpinWalk can significantly reduce computation times, making it feasible to perform extensive simulations within a reasonable time frame.
Rare Case of OHVIRA with Ectopic Inguinal Hemiuterus and Ovary
2025-01-01

Abstract A 12-year-old girl presented with inguinal swelling and recurrent groin pain since menarche. Ultrasound showed an inguinally located ovary with normal perfusion. Herniorrhaphy revealed an ectopic inguinal left ovary with fallopian tube and atretic hemiuterus and a closed internal inguinal ring. Laparoscopy revealed a right-sided hemiuterus and vaginally palpable cervix, leading to the diagnosis of ectopic OHVIRA syndrome type 1.2. The left hemiuterus was resected and the left ovary was pulled through the inguinal canal into the abdomen. During 12 months of follow-up, the left ovary showed normal perfusion and sonomorphologic appearance, menstrual periods were uneventful.
Risk of stroke under disease modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review
2025-01-01

Background: Epidemiological research indicates a heightened incidence of cerebrovascular disorders among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the potential association between disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and the risk of stroke in MS patient populations. Data sources and methods: A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases up to April 6, 2024, to identify randomized-controlled clinical trials (RCT), registry-based and cohort-studies, case-series, and case-reports reporting on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in MS patients under different DMTs. Results: Twenty-one studies were included: 1 RCT, 6 registry-based or cohort studies, 2 case-series and 11 case-reports. Overall, DMTs appear to reduce the risk of stroke in MS patients, with DMT exposure linked to a 50% reduction of the risk of stroke compared to no DMT exposure. Although glatiramer acetate and dimethyl fumarate appear to lower the risk of stroke, concerns about fingolimod exists due to an observed elevated risk for ischemic heart disease and hypertension. Despite the absence of detected safety concerns with alemtuzumab at the MS population level, alemtuzumab-related complications, although rare, signal the need for heightened clinical vigilance. Similarly, β-interferons have been linked to life-threatening adverse events, comprising thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP-HUS). No associations between the risk of stroke and other DMTs, comprising natalizumab and teriflunomide, were detected; yet, newly approved DMTs were underrepresented. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of personalizing DMT selection and monitoring cardiovascular risk factors to reduce stroke risk in patients with MS. Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42024534470.
ALDExA: Automated LLM-Assisted Detection of CVE Exploitation Attempts in Host-Captured Data
2025-01-01

Currently, the detection of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) exploitation attempts heavily depends on rule sets manually written for the detection unit. As the number of published CVEs increases each year, there is a need to advance automation efforts for CVE detection. For this purpose, we introduce ALDExA, a framework that fetches CVE information and corresponding exploit codes to identify an exploit string supported by a Large Language Model (LLM). An exploit string is a characteristic element of the analyzed attack and can be monitored during an actual exploitation attempt. As the novelty in this framework lies in the extraction capabilities of the LLM, we furthermore evaluate eight different models towards their performance in identifying a correct exploit string. We evaluate contemporary models in two experiments and find that they are, in up to 81% of the evaluated cases, capable of extracting a correct exploit string from the attack code. In addition, we propose a promising approach to increase the accuracy further and to automatically detect false predictions. As <monospace>ALDExA</monospace> is the first approach to fully automate the CVE detection pipeline, we also discuss remaining limitations and worthwhile areas of future research.
CRISPR-Cas in actinomycetes: still a lot to be discovered
2025-01-01

Abstract Actinomycetes are important producers of valuable natural products that are applied in medicine or industry. The enzymes necessary for the synthesis of those compounds are encoded in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in the genome. However, the discovery of new natural products or the improvement of production levels can be hindered by difficulties in genetic manipulation, since standard methods often do not or not efficiently work in actinomycetes. One possible explanation for this could be the presence of nucleic acid defense systems such as CRISPR-Cas. Even though there is a lot of research published about CRISPR-Cas systems in general, the knowledge about the function of CRISPR-Cas in actinomycetes is very limited. Based on sequence data it is known that CRISPR-Cas systems occur in around half of all sequenced actinobacterial genomes. Moreover, in silico analyses of those systems have led to the discovery of new subtypes. The few examples of experimental evidence of CRISPR-Cas activity in vivo or in vitro, however, point to some special features, regarding crRNA maturation or life-cycle dependent CRISPR-Cas activity. This short review draws attention to this neglected research area and highlights the available data about CRISPR-Cas in actinomycetes.
Molecular tipping points in plant cell surface H+ homeostasis and signalling
2025-01-01

Abstract Hydrogen, a deceptively simple element, plays crucial roles in regulating life on Earth. The concentration of hydrogen ions (H + ) determines the pH of biological systems and dictates virtually all biochemical processes. The pH modulates the structure, physicochemical properties and function of most macromolecules. The plant cell surface is characterized by tremendous variations in apoplastic pH, serving as informative signals shaping plant development and its interaction with the environment. Here, we discuss the principles underlying cell surface H + homeostasis, the molecular tipping points that regulate fast, controlled and informative changes in apoplastic pH, as well as open questions regarding the regulation of plasma membrane H + -ATPases.
Prediction of treatment failure and early identification of tumor progression after Gamma-Knife radiosurgery in vestibular schwannoma: A retrospective cohort study
2025-01-01

Abstract Background Microsurgical resection after failed radiosurgery (SRS) in vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients is associated with higher morbidity. Identifying factors that predict treatment failure (TF) is crucial. Additionally, distinguishing between pseudoprogression (PP) and true tumor progression (TP) can be challenging. This study aims to identify predictive factors for TF and investigate early features that differentiate PP from TP. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 705 patients with unilateral sporadic VS who underwent SRS between 1998 and 2020. Clinical data, including patient characteristics, symptoms, tumor volume (TV), and onset of new symptoms after SRS, were recorded. The average follow-up was 4 years for the TP group (n = 107) and 7 years 10 months for the remission group (n = 598). Results TF was more common in women (P = .04) and linked to lower OHATA class (P = .03). Age, clinical symptoms, TV, and configuration (cystic vs solid) were not predictive of TF. TP-patients experienced significantly more new neurological symptoms (20.6% vs 8.4%, P &amp;lt; .001), especially hemifacial spasm (P &amp;lt; .001), which was associated with OHATA class (A &amp;gt; B &amp;gt; C &amp;gt; D &amp;gt; E, P = .001). Relative TVs (RTV) differed significantly between TP and tumor control (TC) groups, with the TP group showing higher RTV at both 12 months (TC = 1.0 ± 0.6, TP = 1.4 ± 1, P = .002) and even more at 24 months (TC = 0.71 ± 0.5, TP = 1.5 ± 0.7, P &amp;lt; .001) after SRS. Conclusions Female sex and lower OHATA class were identified as independent predictors of TF. Hemifacial spasm occurrence after SRS was linked to TP. Failure of reduction of initial TV (RTV &amp;gt; 1) after 24 months was associated with TP with a high sensitivity and specificity, making PP unlikely.
A Novel Missense Variant in Ultrarare SLC35A1‐CDG Alters Cellular Glycosylation, Lipid, and Energy Metabolism Without Affecting CDG Serum Markers
2025-01-01

SLC35A1‐CDG is a very rare type of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) with only five cases known to date. Here, we review the literature and present new data from a sixth patient carrying the uncharacterized variant c.133A&gt;G; p.Thr45Ala in the SLC35A1 gene. In addition to known clinical symptoms of SLC35A1‐CDG, the patient presents with failure to thrive, short stature, café‐au‐lait spot, and preauricular ear tag. Even though examination of CDG markers transferrin (Tf), alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (A1AT), and apolipoprotein CIII (ApoCIII) revealed no abnormalities in serum, the patient’s fibroblasts showed significant alterations of protein expression or glycosylation of ICAM1, GP130, and TGN46 as well as differences in staining signals of lectins MAL‐I, RCAI, and SNA and deviations in LC‐MS analysis of total cellular N‐glycans. Transfection of CRISPR/Cas9 generated SLC35A1 HEK293 knockout cells with either wild‐type SLC35A1 or the c.133A&gt;G variant restored the cellular CMP‐Neu5Ac to wild‐type levels, making a direct effect of p.Thr45Ala on the function of the transporter unlikely. Instead, our results imply that the residual transporter activity of 65% is caused by a decreased stability of the mutated SLC35A1 protein. Since O‐GlcNAcylation was affected as well, energy and lipid homeostasis were analyzed and found to be significantly altered. Notably, proliferation and glycosylation of the SLC35A1‐deficient patient fibroblasts were enhanced by supplementation of the cell culture medium with 10 mM GlcNAc.
Assessing the clinical benefit from medical therapies in CNS malignancies: Refining the ESMO Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale and the ASCO Value Framework
2025-01-01

Abstract Background An objective assessment of patient-centered clinical benefit derived from an anticancer therapy weighs clinical and radiographic outcome against treatment-related burden. Both, the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) have developed assessment tools to guide such evaluations. These tools, however, have not been validated for application to neuro-oncology studies. Methods We applied the ESMO-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit (ESMO-MCBS) v1.1. and ASCO net health benefit v2 scales to 16 neuro-oncological studies. We developed the Neuro-Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit (Neuro-MCBS) scale and tested its application in select patient cohorts of MTB@ZPM (NCT03503149), a longitudinal observational study that provides comprehensive molecular profiling, consensus-guided and ranked targeted therapy recommendations and prospective assessment of clinical outcome. Results Of 10 randomized phase 3 clinical trials and 6 single-arm clinical studies, 9 and 5 were scoreable by ESMO-MCBS v1.1, respectively. A score of 4 was achieved by 5 of the phase 3 and one of the single-arm studies, signifying clinical benefit. Application to these neuro-oncology studies was limited by high variability in criteria used to assess treatment response and lack of credit to therapies that lead to disease control. Based hereon, we developed the Neuro-MCBS suitable to specific needs of neuro-oncology studies and found it to be practicable and applicable to these landmark neuro-oncology studies and various treatment cohorts in MTB@ZPM. Conclusions The Neuro-MCBS is a comprehensive, clinically relevant tool and particularly suitable to assess the clinical benefit derived from novel antitumor therapies in neuro-oncology studies.
Fairness in market instrumental data law
2025-01-01

Abstract The paper examines fairness as a core principle of market instrumental data law. First, by drawing a comparison with the legal conceptions of fairness in data protection law and platform law, the nature and functions of fairness as a principle of market instrumental data law are unveiled. At bottom, fairness embodies a principle of interpersonal justice, distributive justice, and procedural justice (to a much lesser degree). The paper then scrutinises the contending normative readings of fairness that variously emerge from market instrumental data law. Four perspectives arise: the welfarist approach, the liberal perfectionist one, the political liberal one, and fairness as ‘equality of means and outcomes’. It is concluded that the interpretive and adjudicative practices in market instrumental data law have the potential to reflect this wealth of understandings, paving the way towards diverse patterns of data access and use in data markets.
Stepwise azido transfer to cerous tris(tert-butoxy)siloxide via trans-silylation with Me3SiN3
2025-01-01

Homoleptic cerium siloxide [Ce{OSi(O t Bu) 3 } 3 ] 2 engages in controllable [OSi(O t Bu) 3 ]/N 3 ligand exchange affording bimetallic Ce 2 [OSi(O t Bu) 3 ] 5 (N 3 ) and tetrametallic Ce 4 [OSi(O t Bu) 3 ] 8 (N 3 ) 4 .
Motivational control of habits: A preregistered fMRI study
2025-01-01

Abstract Habitual action is typically distinguished from goal-directed action by its insensitivity to changes in reward value. There is an ongoing discussion whether this insensitivity is an intrinsic design feature of habits or, rather, a function of the cognitive system that controls these action tendencies. Our preregistered study investigated this issue using functional magnetic resonance imaging of brain activity before and after a reward devaluation in an outcome-selective Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm. Based on the expected-value-of-control theory, it was hypothesized that neural activity of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) would increase during the presentations of Pavlovian cues associated with a devalued outcome, reflecting increased control allocation in situations predictive of a devalued reward. The behavioral results confirmed an outcome-selective PIT effect that was abolished by devaluing the associated outcome. Contrary to our hypothesis, neuroimaging data revealed that dACC activity decreased during presentations of the associated cue. A comparable reduction was also observed in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the putamen. These findings suggest that the current reward value was accessed during the transfer tests and that devaluation of the action outcome did not enhance cognitive control over associated response tendencies. The study plan and data analyses were peer-reviewed prior to data collection by Peer Community In: Registered Reports (PCI:RR). The Preregistered Stage 1 protocol is available at https://osf.io/k8ygb (date of in-principle acceptance: February 8, 2022; https://rr.peercommunityin.org/articles/rec?id=140). The Stage 2 report was recommended after peer review by PCI:RR at https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.rr.101079 (date of recommendation: July 8, 2025).
Molecular, histologic, and clinical characterization of methylation class pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: An analysis of 469 tumors
2025-01-01

Abstract Background Methylation class pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (mcPXA) comprises tumors with the DNA methylation signature of classical PXA but with a wider histologic spectrum, including overlap with glioblastoma (GBM). Methods To clarify the histologic and molecular scope of mcPXA and characterize its clinical behavior, a cohort of 469 tumor samples from 458 patients matching to mcPXA by the DKFZ classifier (v12.6 score ≥0.85) was interrogated. Results Patient median age was 23 years (range 1-73 years) with a female predominance (259 female/199 male). CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion was observed in 406 of 469 (87%) samples. In samples tested for BRAF p.V600E mutations (n = 279), 240 (86%) harbored the mutation. A chr7+/chr10− pattern was observed in 103 of 469 (22%) samples. Among samples tested for TERT promoter mutations (n = 143), 32 (22%) harbored the mutation. Progression-free and overall survival of patients with mcPXA were comparable to patients with methylation class IDH-mutant astrocytoma, low grade, but a GBM-like subset (ie, cases with a pre-methylation working diagnosis of GBM) showed shorter survival. Histologic features of high grade, including palisading necrosis and microvascular proliferation, were prognostic in mcPXA. Compared to patients with BRAF p.V600E-altered GBM, patients with mcPXA were younger and had a lower frequency of TERT promoter mutations. Conclusion Tumors in mcPXA share molecular characteristics with histologically defined PXA, and high-grade histologic features can help predict their clinical behavior. The use of an epigenetic classification of PXA reveals that this group of tumors is more common than previously appreciated and warrants in-depth study to identify efficacious therapeutic options.
Characterization of MAIT cells in glioblastoma reveals a potential immunosuppressive role through a MAIT-neutrophil axis
2025-01-01

Abstract Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain cancer in adults and remains incurable. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional T cells with a semi-invariant T cell receptor and have been shown to regulate immune responses. However, the role of MAIT cells in glioblastoma (GBM) has not been well characterized. Methods We used flow cytometry, bulk RNA-seq and scRNA-seq, and multiplexed tissue imaging to investigate the role of MAIT cells in GBM. Results Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood samples of GBM patients showed a significant reduction of MAIT cell frequency and the ability to produce Th1 cytokines. In bulk RNA sequencing data analysis of GBM tissues, the MAIT cell gene signature significantly correlated with poor patient survival. A scRNA-seq of CD45+ cells from 20 GBM tissue samples showed 12 (60%) were positive for MAIT cells and the enrichment of RORC-expressing MAIT17. The MAIT cell signature significantly correlated with tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN) activities. Multiple immune suppressive genes known to be used by TANs were upregulated in MAIT-positive tumors. Spatial imaging analysis of GBM tissues showed that all specimens were positive for both MAIT cells and TANs, and localized enrichment of TANs. Conclusion These findings revealed an immunosuppressive role of MAIT cells in GBM and highlighted the MAIT-TAN axis as a potential novel therapeutic target to modulate GBM’s immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.