julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of Biselyngbyolide B and Its C21–C22 Z-Isomer
2018-03-28

Investigations toward the synthesis of the 18-membered macrolactone biselyngbyolide B (2) from a C1-C13 and a C14-C23 fragment are described. As a key reaction in the synthesis of the C1-C13 fragment, we used an asymmetric propargylation of chiral vinylketene silyl N, O-acetal 12. Access to a C14-C23 fragment featuring a skipped diene and a sensitive allyl alcohol function was initially attempted via reductive fragmentation of a pyran template. However, this ring opening on iodide 32 with t-BuLi led to dienynol 33 with a 21 Z double bond. With a silyl protecting group at 3-OH and by implementing an intramolecular Stille coupling for macrolactonization, the 21 Z-isomer of biselyngbyolide B (47) was obtained. For preparation of a C14-C23 fragment with the 21 E-configuration, a cross-coupling of vinylstannane 48 with 4-bromocrotonate (49) set the configuration of the two double bonds. Biselyngbyolide B (2) was then accessed by an intramolecular Heck coupling. In preliminary biological cytotoxicity assays, 2 turned out to be active, whereas the 21 Z-isomer 47 was much less active. The 3-OMEM analogue 40 was devoid of activity. These results support the notion that the side chain with the correct configuration is relevant for binding to the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase and the biological activity.
Theory and Application of Photoelectron Diffraction for Complex Oxide Systems
2018-03-28

X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) has been used to investigate film structures and local sites of surface and dopant atoms in complex oxide materials. We have performed angular-resolved measurements of intensity distribution curves (ADCs) and patterns (ADPs) of elemental core level intensities from binary to quaternary mixed oxide samples and compared them to multiple-scattering cluster (MSC) calculations in order to derive information on structural models and related parameters. MSC calculations permitted to describe both bulk diffraction features of binary oxide MnO(001) and the thickness-dependence of the tetragonal distortion of epitaxial MnO films on Ag(001). XPD was further used to investigate the surface termination of perovskite SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 substrates in order to evaluate influence of different ex situ and in situ preparation procedures on the surface layers, which are crucial for quality of following film growth. Despite the similarity of local environments of Sr (Ba) and Ti atoms in the perovskite film structure an angular region in the ADCs was identified as a fingerprint with the help of MSC simulations which provided clear conclusions on the perovskite oxide surfaces. Dopant sites in quaternary perovskite manganites La1−xCaxMnO3, La1−xSrxMnO3, and La1−xCexMnO3 were studied with polar angle scans of the photoemission intensities of host and dopant atoms. Both direct comparison of experimental ADCs and to the simulations within MSC models confirm the occupation of A sites by the dopants and the structural quality of the complex oxide films.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas gingeri Strain LMG 5327, the Causative Agent of Ginger Blotch in Agaricus bisporus
2018-03-28

ABSTRACT The draft genome sequence of Pseudomonas gingeri LMG 5327 (NCPPB 3146), the causative agent of ginger blotch in Agaricus bisporus , is reported. Together with another mushroom pathogen, Pseudomonas agarici , it belongs to a distinct phylogenomic group.
Biomechanical and biomolecular characterization of extracellular matrix structures in human colon carcinomas
2018-03-29

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is extensively remodeled in tumor tissues. Overproduction of collagens, pathological collagen crosslinking and alignment of fibers are major processes that ultimately result in an increased tissue stiffness. Although it is known that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play an important role in tumor signaling, their contribution to the biomechanical properties of tumor ECM is unknown. In this study, ECM structures of human colon carcinoma and normal (control) colon tissues were histologically identified. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation, we show that the collagen-rich regions within the ECM of colon carcinoma tissues were significantly stiffer than the submucosal collagen-rich layer of control tissues. Screening of these regions with Raman microspectroscopy revealed significantly different molecular fingerprints for collagen fibers in colon carcinoma tissues compared to control tissues. We further showed an increased alignment of collagen fibers and elevated levels of GAG immuno-reactivity within the collagen network of colon carcinoma tissues. GAGs such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate were detected in significantly elevated levels in collagen fibers of carcinoma tissues. Moreover, immunodetection of the collagen-associated proteoglycan decorin was significantly decreased in carcinomas tissues of individual patients when compared with the corresponding control tissues. Overall a strong patient-to-patient variability was evident in the ECM composition, structure and biomechanics of individual colon carcinoma tissues. Although, biomechanical characteristics of tumor ECM were not directly impacted by GAG content, GAGs might play an important role during the mechanical and structural remodeling of pathological tumor ECM. To manipulate GAG expression and deposition in tumor microenvironments could represent a novel potential therapeutic strategy.
The feedback of an HC HII region on its parental molecular core
2018-03-29

Context. G24.78+0.08 is a well known high-mass star-forming region, where several molecular cores harboring OB young stellar objects are found inside a clump of size ≈1 pc. This article focuses on the most prominent of these cores, A1, where an intense hypercompact (HC) H II region has been discovered by previous observations. Aims. Our aim is to determine the physical conditions and the kinematics of core A1, and study the interaction of the H II region with the parental molecular core. Methods. We combine ALMA 1.4 mm high-angular resolution (≈0.′′2) observations of continuum and line emission with multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Interferometry data of water 22 GHz and methanol 6.7 GHz masers. These observations allow us to study the gas kinematics on linear scales from 10 to 10 4 au, and to accurately map the physical conditions of the gas over core A1. Results. The 1.4 mm continuum is dominated by free-free emission from the intense HC H II region (size ≈1000 au) observed to the North of core A1 (region A1N). Analyzing the H30 α line, we reveal a fast bipolar flow in the ionized gas, covering a range of LSR velocities ( V LSR) of ≈60 km s−1. The amplitude of the V LSR gradient, 22 km s−1 mpc −1 , is one of the highest so far observed towards HC H II regions. Water and methanol masers are distributed around the HC H II region in A1N, and the maser three-dimensional (3D) velocities clearly indicate that the ionized gas is expanding at high speed (≥200 km s−1) into the surrounding molecular gas. The temperature distribution (in the range 100–400 K) over core A1, traced with molecular (CH 3 OCHO, 13 CH 3 CN, 13 CH 3 OH, and CH 3 CH 2 CN) transitions with level energy in the range 30 K ≤ E u / k ≤ 300 K, reflects the distribution of shocks produced by the fast-expansion of the ionized gas of the H II region. The high-energy (550 K ≤ E u / k ≤ 800 K) transitions of vibrationally excited CH 3 CN are likely radiatively pumped, and their rotational temperature can significantly differ from the kinetic temperature of the gas. Over core A1, the V LSR maps from both the 1.4 mm molecular lines and the 6.7 GHz methanol masers consistently show a V LSR gradient (amplitude ≈0.3 km s−1 mpc −1 ) directed approximately S–N. Rather than gravitationally supported rotation of a massive toroid, we interpret this velocity gradient as a relatively slow expansion of core A1.
Mobilization of the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery When Firmly Adherent to the Petrous Dura Mater—A Technical Nuance in Retromastoid Transmeatal Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
2018-03-29

Abstract The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) usually runs loosely within the cerebellopontine cistern; in rare cases, however, it is firmly adherent to the petrous dura mater. 1,2 Recognizing this variation is particularly important in vestibular schwannoma surgery via the retrosigmoid transmeatal approach to prevent the high morbidity associated with vascular injury. This video demonstrates a surgical technique to effectively mobilize the AICA when firmly adherent to the petrous dura mater. A 39-year-old man presented with a history of progressive right-sided hearing loss without facial weakness or other associated symptoms 3 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an intracanalicular lesion, suggestive of vestibular schwannoma. During follow-up, audiometry confirmed a further slight deterioration of hearing and repeated MRI demonstrated tumor growth (T2 according to Hannover classification). Since the patient opted against radiosurgery, a retrosigmoid transmeatal approach under continuous intraoperative monitoring was performed in supine position. Following drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and exposure of the cerebellopontine cistern, the AICA was found to be firmly adherent to the petrous dura mater. Both structures were elevated conjointly and displaced medially for safe drilling of the inner auditory canal, sufficient exposure, and complete excision of the vestibular schwannoma. The patient had an excellent recovery, hearing and facial function were preserved, and no secondary neurological deficits noted. The patient consented to publication of this anonymized video.
Evidence for Photo-Switchable Carrier Mobilities in Blends of PbS Nanocrystals and Photochromic Dithienylcyclopentene Derivatives
2018-03-29

Abstract We use derivatives of the photochromic molecule 1,2-bis(5′-carboxy-2′-methylthien-3′-yl)-cyclopentene in combination with semiconducting PbS nanocrystals to probe the feasibility of solid-state optical switching in hybrid nanostructured thin films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is applied to differentiate between the different constituents in the blends, while field-effect transistor measurements in the dark reveal the effect of prior illumination with visible or ultra-violet light on the transport properties. By analyzing the response of the electric conductivity, the carrier concentration and mobility separately, we are able to distinguish between the effect of additional photo-excited charge carriers and photo-induced changes of the electronic structure of the semiconducting film. Our results suggest that coupling between the nanocrystals and the photochromic molecule is weak but also provide evidence that photochromism of the molecules may be partially preserved.
The SOX experiment hunts the sterile neutrino
2018-03-29

The SOX (Short distance neutrino Oscillations with BoreXino) experiment aims to perform a resolutive measurement for testing the longstanding hypotesis of a sterile neutrino in the eV2 mass scale. A very intense and well calibrated 144Ce−144 Pr antineutrino source will be placed under the large size and very low background Borexino detector at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. Borexino demonstrated a such energy and position resolution that the disappearance experiment can be performed and the short distance oscillations might be directly observed. In this paper an overview of the key elements of the experiment is given and the expected sensitivity to determine the sterile neutrino mass is shown.
New Gauss-Bonnet Black Holes with Curvature-Induced Scalarization in Extended Scalar-Tensor Theories
2018-03-30

In the present Letter, we consider a class of extended scalar-tensor-Gauss-Bonnet (ESTGB) theories for which the scalar degree of freedom is excited only in the extreme curvature regime. We show that in the mentioned class of ESTGB theories there exist new black-hole solutions that are formed by spontaneous scalarization of the Schwarzschild black holes in the extreme curvature regime. In this regime, below certain mass, the Schwarzschild solution becomes unstable and a new branch of solutions with a nontrivial scalar field bifurcates from the Schwarzschild one. As a matter of fact, more than one branch with a nontrivial scalar field can bifurcate at different masses, but only the first one is supposed to be stable. This effect is quite similar to the spontaneous scalarization of neutron stars. In contrast to the standard spontaneous scalarization of neutron stars, which is induced by the presence of matter, in our case, the scalarization is induced by the curvature of the spacetime.
Genotype‐phenotype correlations, dystonia and disease progression in spinocerebellar ataxia type 14
2018-03-30

ABSTRACT Background: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 is a rare form of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia caused by mutations in protein kinase Cγ gene. Clinically, it presents with a slowly progressive, mainly pure cerebellar ataxia. Methods: Using next generation sequencing, we screened 194 families with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia and normal polyglutamine repeats. In‐depth phenotyping was performed using validated clinical rating scales neuroimaging and electrophysiological investigations. Results: We identified 25 individuals from 13 families carrying pathogenic mutations in protein kinase Cγ gene. A total of 10 unique protein kinase Cγ gene mutations have been confirmed of which 5 are novel and 5 were previously described. Our data suggest that the age at onset is highly variable; disease course is slowly progressive and rarely associated with severe disability. However, one third of patients presented with a complex ataxia comprising severe focal and/or task‐induced dystonia, peripheral neuropathy, parkinsonism, myoclonus, and pyramidal syndrome. The most complex phenotype is related to a missense mutation in the catalytic domain in exon 11. Conclusion: We present one of the largest genetically confirmed spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 cohorts contributing novel variants and clinical characterisation. We show that although protein kinase Cγ gene mutations present mainly as slowly progressive pure ataxia, more than a third of cases had a complex phenotype. Overall, our case series extends the phenotype and suggests that protein kinase Cγ gene mutations should be considered in patients with slowly progressive autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, particularly when myoclonus, dystonia, or mild cognitive impairment are present in the absence of polyglutamine expansion. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Characterization of the Actinonin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster
2018-03-30

Abstract The hydroxamate moiety of the natural product actinonin mediates inhibition of metalloproteinases because of its chelating properties towards divalent cations in the active site of those enzymes. Owing to its antimicrobial activity, actinonin has served as a lead compound for the development of new antibiotic drug candidates. Recently, we identified a putative gene cluster for the biosynthesis of actinonin. Here, we confirm and characterize this cluster by heterologous pathway expression and gene‐deletion experiments. We assigned the biosynthetic gene cluster to actinonin production and determine the cluster boundaries. Furthermore, we establish that ActI, an AurF‐like oxygenase, is responsible for the N‐hydroxylation reaction that forms the hydroxamate warhead. Our findings provide the basis for more detailed investigations of actinonin biosynthesis.
GERDA results and the future perspectives for the neutrinoless double beta decay search using 76Ge
2018-03-30

The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) is a low background experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) of INFN designed to search for the rare neutrinoless double beta decay ([Formula: see text]) of [Formula: see text]Ge. In the first phase (Phase I) of the experiment, high purity germanium diodes were operated in a “bare” mode and immersed in liquid argon. The overall background level of [Formula: see text] was a factor of ten better than those of its predecessors. No signal was found and a lower limit was set on the half-life for the [Formula: see text] decay of [Formula: see text]Ge [Formula: see text] yr (90% CL), while the corresponding median sensitivity was [Formula: see text] yr (90% CL). A second phase (Phase II) started at the end of 2015 after a major upgrade. Thanks to the increased detector mass and performance of the enriched germanium diodes and due to the introduction of liquid argon instrumentation techniques, it was possible to reduce the background down to [Formula: see text]. After analyzing 23.2 kg[Formula: see text]⋅[Formula: see text]yr of these new data no signal was seen. Combining these with the data from Phase I a stronger half-life limit of the [Formula: see text]Ge [Formula: see text] decay was obtained: [Formula: see text] yr (90% CL), reaching a sensitivity of [Formula: see text] yr (90% CL). Phase II will continue for the collection of an exposure of 100 kg[Formula: see text]yr. If no signal is found by then the GERDA sensitivity will have reached [Formula: see text] yr for setting a 90% CL. limit. After the end of GERDA Phase II, the flagship experiment for the search of [Formula: see text] decay of [Formula: see text]Ge will be LEGEND. LEGEND experiment is foreseen to deploy up to 1-ton of [Formula: see text]Ge. After ten years of data taking, it will reach a sensitivity beyond 10[Formula: see text] yr, and hence fully cover the inverted hierarchy region.
Commentary on “Fish Oil–Containing Lipid Emulsions in Adult Parenteral Nutrition: A Review of the Evidence”
2018-03-30

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Adolph, M. , Calder, P. C., Deutz, N. E., Carmona, T. G., Klek, S. , Lev, S. , Mayer, K. , Michael‐Titus, A. T., Pradelli, L. , Puder, M. , Singer, P. and Vlaardingerbroek, H. (2019), Commentary on “Fish Oil–Containing Lipid Emulsions in Adult Parenteral Nutrition: A Review of the Evidence”. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 43: 454-455. doi:10.1002/jpen.1047, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.1047. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions
Perception of music-induced emotions in patients with somatoform disorders compared to healthy controls
2018-03-30

Although music therapy has become a widespread approach used in the multimodal treatment of psychosomatic disorders, this is the first study investigating the perception of music-induced emotions (PoMIE) in patients with somatoform disorders. For the purposes of this study, n = 23 patients (PG) with somatoform disorder (F45) were assessed for PoMIE within an experimental design. Additionally, n = 25 healthy controls were included as a control group (CG) matched for age and gender. A questionnaire including the dimensional (valence, arousal) and the discrete (basic emotions) model were applied to assess PoMIE. At t 0 , the PG gave lower ratings of the emotion happiness, F(1, 48) = 1.24, p &lt; .01, than the CG. Significantly higher ratings of fear were observed in the PG than in the CG. At t 1 , the PG gave higher ratings of happiness for happy-targeted music stimuli than at t 0 , t(22) = 2.35, p &lt; .05. Higher ratings of fear in the PG compared to the CG also persisted after inpatient therapy, t(46) = −2.48, p &lt; .05. The results suggest a lower perception of happiness and a higher perception of fear in the PG. A multimodal, inpatient therapy seems to influence the happiness perception of music-induced emotions in PG. The results may inform the further evaluation of music therapy interventions.
Ultraviolet radiation oxidative stress affects eye health
2018-03-31

In the eye, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is not known to contribute to visual perception but to mainly damage multiple structures. UVR carries higher energy than visible light and high dose exposure to UVR causes direct cellular damage, which has an important role in the development of cancer. This review provides an overview on the most recent knowledge on the role of UVR in oxidative stress (OS) in relation to noncancer ocular pathologies: various corneal pathologies, cataract, glaucoma and age‐related macular degeneration. Possible OS signaling streams and mechanisms in the aging eye are discussed. Excessive exposure to UVR through live may seriously contribute to increase in OS of various eye tissues and thus lead to the advancement of serious ocular pathologies. Children are especially vulnerable to UVR because of their larger pupils and more transparent ocular media: up to 80% of a person's lifetime exposure to UVR is reached before the age of 18. Therefore, efficient everyday protection of the sensitive tissues of the eye by wearing of sunglasses, clear UVR‐blocking spectacles or contact lenses should be considered from early age on. Many initiatives are taken worldwide to inform and raise the population's awareness about these possible UVR hazards to the eye.
A review of the mechanisms of action of dimethylfumarate in the treatment of psoriasis
2018-03-31

Abstract Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) such as dimethylfumarate (DMF) are used for the treatment of adults with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. The mode of action of FAEs is complex. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature to describe the molecular mechanisms by which DMF and its active metabolite monomethylfumarate (MMF) exert their anti‐inflammatory and immune modulatory effects. MMF can bind to the hydroxy‐carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) on the cell surface and both DMF and MMF react with intracellular glutathione following cell penetration. DMF and to some extent also MMF modulate the activity of certain cellular signalling proteins such as the nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa B (Nf‐κB) and the cellular concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Some studies show that DMF can also affect the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α). These actions seem to be responsible for i) the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and ii) an overall shift from a proinflammatory Th1/Th17 response to an anti‐inflammatory/regulatory Th2 response. Both steps are necessary for the amelioration of psoriatic inflammation, although additional mechanisms have been proposed. There is a growing body of evidence to support the notion that DMF/MMF may also exert effects on granulocytes and non‐immune cell lineages including keratinocytes and endothelial cells. A better understanding of the multiple molecular mechanisms involved in the cellular action of FAEs will help to adapt and further improve the use of such small molecules for the treatment of psoriasis and other chronic inflammatory diseases.