julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Smoking increases risk of complication after musculoskeletal surgery: Analysis of single immune parameter to predict complication risk
2024-07-13

Smoking is the most significant and modifiable risk factor for a range of conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Furthermore, it significantly reduces bone mass and increases the risk of fragility fractures due to its detrimental effects on bone metabolism and regeneration. Moreover, smoking is a known cause of chronic systemic inflammation, leading to an imbalance of cytokines. Comprehending the pathological mechanisms that underlie cytokine production and its impact on post-surgical healing is essential to prevent post-surgical complications. The present study recruited a total of 1144 patients, including 897 patients, among them non-smokers (N = 413), current smokers (N = 201) and ex-smokers (N = 283). Human proteome profiler arrays were used to screen for smoking-dependent differences in the serum cytokine and protein profiles, after matching samples for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, and diabetes risk. Cytokines and immune checkpoint proteins such as CD28, B7-1, MIG, TGF2 and IL-1/ were quantified by ELISA. Our study demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between smoking, the development of complications, the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and cytokine/protein levels. We found that a comparison of non-smokers, former smokers, and active smokers in our study cohort did not exhibit significantly altered cytokine and protein serum levels although other studies reported differences between smokers and non-smokers. We were unable to identify single blood circulating markers that could predict complications in smokers after trauma. However, we found the ratio of women to men to be inverted between non-smokers and active smokers resulting in a ratio of 0.62 in smokers. Furthermore, we demonstrate a higher complication rate, longer hospitalizations and elevated SII values among smokers, indicating an involvement of the immune system.
Exploring Anatomical Links Between the Crow’s Nidopallium Caudolaterale and its Song System
2024-07-13

Abstract Crows are corvid songbirds that exhibit remarkable cognitive control over their actions, including their vocalizations. They can learn to vocalize on command and the activity of single neurons from the crow’s associative telencephalic structure nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) is correlated with the execution of this vocal and many non-vocal skilled behaviors. However, it remains unknown if specific anatomical adaptations that directly link the crow NCL to any of the nuclei of the crow’s “song system” exist. To address this issue, we used fluorescent tracers along with histological staining methods (Nissl-, myelin-, and anti tyrosine hydroxylase) to characterize the connectivity of the crow’s NCL in relation to its song system nuclei. We found that the NCL sends dense projections into the dorsal intermediate arcopallium (AID) directly adjacent to and engulfing the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), which is the telencephalic motor output of the song system. Similarly, we demonstrate dense NCL projections into the striatum surrounding the basal ganglia song nucleus “area X”. Both of these descending projections mirror the projections of the nidopallial song nucleus HVC (proper name) into RA and area X, with extremely sparse NCL fibers extending into area X. Furthermore, we characterized the distribution of cells projecting from the lateral part of the magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium (MAN) to NCL. Notably, a separate medial population of MAN cells projects to HVC. These two sets of connections—MAN to NCL and MAN to HVC—run in parallel but do not overlap. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that the NCL is part of a “general motor system” that parallels the song system but exhibits only minimal monosynaptic interconnections with it.
The formation of a “model city in the Anatolian steppes”: Leapfrogging effects of spatial fix in Eskişehir, Turkey
2024-07-13

Abstract The prevalence of neoliberalism has produced varied effects on cities ranging from rapid growth to gradual disempowerment. Instead of considering neoliberal urbanization as a fixed, predetermined process, I discuss the possibility of leapfrogging in urban repositioning. Particularly, I examine Eskişehir's repositioning process in response to disempowerment, placing particular emphasis on the “spatial fix.” Rather than being passive recipients of neoliberalization, local ruling elites might develop political agency to not only counter but also capitalize on disempowerment. To overcome financial and political constraints vital for the spatial fix, Eskişehir's mayor leveraged multiscalar networking strategies and symbolic revitalizations at particular historical conjunctures. Accordingly, Eskişehir's municipality, ruled by the center‐left opposition party, sought to redefine the city as a stronghold of secularism with the claims of Europeanization and modernization. They introduced the “Eskişehir model” as a contrasting narrative to the ruling AKP's urban vision rooted in Islamist‐nationalist agenda. These mechanisms reveal that ideological‐political clashes at the national level can serve as windows of opportunity for local ruling elites to counter disempowerment. As the ethnographic research shows, these mechanisms had leapfrogging effects not only on repositioning and fostering political power but also dissembling existing inequalities, disparities, and segregation beneath the celebrated Eskişehir model.
Impact of dietary zinc on stimulated zinc secretion MRI in the healthy and malignant mouse prostate
2024-07-13

<title>Abstract</title> The long-term goal of this work is to use glucose-stimulated zinc secretion (GSZS) MRI in men undergoing scans for prostate cancer. Given that dietary choices may affect an individual’s zinc content we examined how dietary zinc impacts prostate cancer detection via GSZS MRI in healthy and TRAMP mice. Mice were fed a low, normal, and high zinc content diet. GSZS was evaluated by MRI, tissue zinc content by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF), and zinc bioavailability by ICP-MS of serum. Results showed zinc deficiency caused systemic and organ-level dysregulation, weight loss, and altered zinc bioavailability. Healthy mice increased serum zinc, while TRAMP mice maintained low levels. SR-XRF indicated reduced prostate zinc in zinc-deficient diets for both WT and TRAMP mice. Normalized GSZS MRI data indicated stimulated zinc efflux increased with dietary zinc in healthy mice but not in TRAMP mice. The study underscores the potential role of dietary zinc in prostate cancer detection.
A new pathway in central metabolism mediates nutrient control of development and antibiotic production byStreptomyces
2024-07-14

ABSTRACT The amino sugar N- acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) plays a central role in primary metabolism and is a key signaling molecule for the onset of morphological and chemical differentiation of Streptomyces . The global nutrient-sensory regulator DasR acts as the gatekeeper of development in streptomycetes, and its activity is modulated by aminosugar phosphates. Here, we report the discovery of a novel pathway in aminosugar metabolism that governs GlcNAc sensing. GlcNAc-6P is converted into a toxic metabolite via two new enzyme functions, namely dehydration of N -acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate by NagS to form 6P-Chromogen I, a reaction that has not yet been described in the textbooks, and its subsequent deacetylation by NagA producing a cytotoxic structural analogue of ribose. The latter reveals an unexpected promiscuous activity for GlcNAc-6P deacetylase NagA. The crystal structures of NagS apoenzyme and NagS in complex with its substrate GlcNAc-6P or its inhibitor 6-phosphogluconate were resolved at 2.3 Å, 2.6 Å, and 1.7 Å resolution, respectively. Detailed in vivo and in vitro studies resolved the key residues of the NagS catalytic site. Thus, we have uncovered a novel pathway in aminosugar metabolism that sheds new light on nutrient-mediated control of development and antibiotic production in Streptomyces .
Scientific Inference with Interpretable Machine Learning: Analyzing Models to Learn About Real-World Phenomena
2024-07-15

Abstract To learn about real world phenomena, scientists have traditionally used models with clearly interpretable elements. However, modern machine learning (ML) models, while powerful predictors, lack this direct elementwise interpretability (e.g. neural network weights). Interpretable machine learning (IML) offers a solution by analyzing models holistically to derive interpretations. Yet, current IML research is focused on auditing ML models rather than leveraging them for scientific inference. Our work bridges this gap, presenting a framework for designing IML methods—termed ’property descriptors’—that illuminate not just the model, but also the phenomenon it represents. We demonstrate that property descriptors, grounded in statistical learning theory, can effectively reveal relevant properties of the joint probability distribution of the observational data. We identify existing IML methods suited for scientific inference and provide a guide for developing new descriptors with quantified epistemic uncertainty. Our framework empowers scientists to harness ML models for inference, and provides directions for future IML research to support scientific understanding.
Systemic and Mucosal Immunogenicity of Monovalent XBB.1.5-Adapted COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
2024-07-15

Recently updated COVID-19 mRNA vaccines encode the spike protein of the omicron subvariant XBB.1.5 and are recommended for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on immunosuppressive treatment. Nonetheless, their immunogenicity in patients with IBD against rapidly expanding virus variants remains unknown. This prospective multicenter cohort study is the first study to investigate the immunogenicity of XBB.1.5-adapted vaccines in patients with IBD. Systemic and mucosal antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of the omicron subvariants XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86, as well as their neutralization were quantified before and two to four weeks after vaccination with monovalent XBB.1.5-adapted mRNA vaccines. Vaccination increased levels of serum anti-RBD IgG targeting XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 (1.9-fold, 1.8-fold, and 2.6-fold, respectively) and enhanced corresponding neutralization responses (2.3-fold, 3.1-fold, and 3.5-fold, respectively). Following vaccination, anti-TNF-treated patients had reduced virus neutralization compared to patients on treatments with other cellular targets. 11.1% and 16.7% of patients lacked EG.5.1 and BA.2.86 neutralization, respectively; all these patients received anti-TNF treatment. At mucosal sites, vaccination induced variant-specific anti-RBD IgG but failed to induce RBD-targeting IgA. Our findings provide a basis for future vaccine recommendations while highlighting the importance of frequent booster vaccine adaptation and the need for mucosal vaccination strategies in patients with IBD.
Hope for motherhood: pregnancy after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (a national multicenter study)
2024-07-15

Abstract Improved long-term survival rates after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) make family planning for young adult cancer survivors an important topic. However, treatment-related infertility risk poses challenges. To assess pregnancy and birth rates in a contemporary cohort, we conducted a national multicenter study using data from the German Transplant Registry, focusing on adult women aged 18 to 40 years who underwent alloHCT between 2003 and 2018. Of 2654 women who underwent transplantation, 50 women experienced 74 pregnancies, occurring at a median of 4.7 years after transplant. Fifty-seven of these resulted in live births (77%). The annual first birth rate among HCT recipients was 0.45%, which is &amp;gt;6 times lower than in the general population. The probability of a live birth 10 years after HCT was 3.4%. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of pregnancy were younger age at alloHCT, nonmalignant transplant indications, no total body irradiation or a cumulative dose of &amp;lt;8 Gy, and nonmyeloablative/reduced-intensity conditioning. Notably, 72% of pregnancies occurred spontaneously, with assisted reproductive technologies used in the remaining cases. Preterm delivery and low birth weight were more common than in the general population. This study represents the largest data set reporting pregnancies in a cohort of adult female alloHCT recipients. Our findings underscore a meaningful chance of pregnancy in alloHCT recipients. Assisted reproductive technologies techniques are important and funding should be made available. However, the potential for spontaneous pregnancies should not be underestimated, and patients should be informed of the possibility of unexpected pregnancy despite reduced fertility. Further research is warranted to understand the impact of conditioning decisions on fertility preservation.
The ion-activated attractive patchy particle model and its application to the liquid–vapor phase transitions
2024-07-15

Patchy particles are an intriguing subject of study and indeed a model system in the field of soft matter physics. In recent years, patchy particle models have been applied to describe a wide variety of systems, including colloidal crystals, macromolecular interactions, liquid crystals, and nanoparticle assemblies. Given the importance of the topic, rationalizing and capturing the basic features of these models is crucial to their correct application in specific systems. In this study, we extend the ion-activated attractive patchy particles model previously employed to elucidate the phase behavior of protein solutions in the presence of trivalent salts. Our extension incorporates the effect of repulsion between unoccupied and occupied binding sites, depicted as patches. Furthermore, we examine the influence of model parameters on the liquid–vapor coexistence region within the phase diagram, employing numerical methods. A deeper understanding of this model will facilitate a better comprehension of the effects observed in experiments.
Orientational ordering and correlation in quasi-one-dimensional hard-body fluids due to close-packing degeneracy
2024-07-15

We study the orientational ordering properties of some quasi-one-dimensional hard-body fluids, where the anisotropic particles are confined to a straight line, while they are free to rotate in a plane. We examine a class of models where the close-packing structure is degenerate, i.e., the highest possible density can be realized with different orientational ordering. We find that the close-packing degeneracy always gives rise to a diverging orientational correlation, which can be a marker of phase transition, glass formation, and jamming. In the case of isotropic or partially ordered phases at the close-packing density, the diverging orientational correlation indicates a tendency for being a strongly ordered nematic phase. However, the orientational divergence in the perfect nematic phase shows that the particles must rotate in concert to go from one closely packed structure to another.
Dissonant music engages early visual processing
2024-07-15

The neuroscientific examination of music processing in audio-visual contexts offers a valuable framework to assess how auditory information influences the emotional encoding of visual information. Using fMRI during naturalistic film viewing, we investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the effect of music on valence inferences during mental state attribution. Thirty-eight participants watched the same short-film accompanied by systematically controlled consonant or dissonant music. Subjects were instructed to think about the main character’s intentions. The results revealed that increasing levels of dissonance led to more negatively valenced inferences, displaying the profound emotional impact of musical dissonance. Crucially, at the neuroscientific level and despite music being the sole manipulation, dissonance evoked the response of the primary visual cortex (V1). Functional/effective connectivity analysis showed a stronger coupling between the auditory ventral stream (AVS) and V1 in response to tonal dissonance and demonstrated the modulation of early visual processing via top-down feedback inputs from the AVS to V1. These V1 signal changes indicate the influence of high-level contextual representations associated with tonal dissonance on early visual cortices, serving to facilitate the emotional interpretation of visual information. Our results highlight the significance of employing systematically controlled music, which can isolate emotional valence from the arousal dimension, to elucidate the brain’s sound-to-meaning interface and its distributive crossmodal effects on early visual encoding during naturalistic film viewing.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Cancer Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: Daily Practice Recommendations by the Hemostasis Working Party of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) and the Society for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research (GTH e.V.)
2024-07-15

Abstract Active cancer by itself but also chemotherapy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and especially coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF). The frequency of CVD, CAD, and AF varies depending on comorbidities (particularly in older patients), cancer type, and stage, as well as the anticancer therapeutic being taken. Many reports exist for anticancer drugs being associated with CVD, CAD, and AF, but robust data are often lacking. Because of this, each patient needs an individual structured approach concerning thromboembolic and bleeding risk, drug–drug interactions, as well as patient preferences to evaluate the need for anticoagulation therapy and targeting optimal symptom control. Interruption of specific cancer therapy should be avoided to reduce the potential risk of cancer progression. Nevertheless, additional factors like thrombocytopenia and anticoagulation in the elderly and frail patient with cancer cause additional challenges which need to be addressed in daily clinical management. Therefore, the aim of these recommendations is to summarize the available scientific data on antithrombotic therapy (both antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy) in cancer patients with CVD and in cases of missing data providing guidance for optimal careful decision-making in daily routine.
Navigating Diverse Career Paths: Students’ Perception on Career Counseling Need in Islamic Universities
2024-07-15

This research aims to explore the needs of career counseling services for students in different majors in Islamic universities, and identify how these services can be tailored to meet their unique needs. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect and analyze data from undergraduate students in diverse majors at an Islamic university in Kendari. The study found that students in certain majors require more specific counseling, such as information on job market trends and technical skills development. Additionally, the study suggests that career counseling services can be tailored to meet the specific needs of students in diverse majors by providing specialized workshops and networking events, as well as spiritual counseling and guidance. Providing a combination of in-person and online resources can also be highly beneficial for students' career development. The findings of this study can inform the development of more effective and tailored career counseling services for students in Islamic universities, and help ensure that graduates are well-prepared for the job market and can make meaningful contributions to society.
An Implantable Ciliary Muscle LFP Recording and Transmitting System
2024-07-15

In this work, we present a sclera-attachable eye implant to measure ciliary muscle local field potentials (LFPs) as a demonstrator for a preclinical study. The recorded values can be plotted and filtered in real-time. It records with a single differential channel with sampling rates of up to 250 Hz and offers a programmable gain amplifier. We show the measurement quality with in vivo measurements. The system is powered by a CR1025 coin cell battery and different measures are presented to improve measurement quality and run-time. The impact of battery non-idealities is investigated. The implant measures 18x12 mm with an actual area of 168 mm<sup>2</sup> and consumes up to 375 μA in ACTIVE mode with a total measurement run-time of up to 80 hours. The whole system, including the battery, is implantable into the orbital cavity and a standby time of 6 months is obtained.
Rational Design of Color‐Pure Blue Organic Emitters by Poly‐Heteroaromatic Omni‐Delocalization
2024-07-16

Abstract Current research on organic light emitters which utilize multiple resonance‐induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials is gaining significant interest because of the materials’ ability to efficiently generate color‐pure blue emission. However, the underlying reasons for high color purity remain unclear. It is shown here that these emitters share a common electronic basis, which is deduced from resonance structure considerations following Clar's rule, and which is termed as “poly‐heteroaromatic omni‐delocalization” (PHOD). The simple and clear design rules derived from the PHOD concept allow extending the known chemical space by new structural motifs. Based on PHOD, a set of novel high‐efficiency color‐pure emitters with brilliant deep‐blue hue is specifically designed.
Leaders' mental health and leader‐member exchange: Exploring relations on different levels of analysis
2024-07-16

Introduction Research on leader‐member exchange (LMX) has shown that the relation between leaders and followers may be considered from different angles. Leaders may form individual relationships with followers (LMX quality), may agree with their followers on these relationships (LMX agreement), and may form different relationships within their work group (LMX variability). We posit that leaders' mental health may function as an antecedent for these different forms of LMX. We use conservation‐of‐resources theory as a theoretical model to describe how leaders' mental health may interact with relationship quality with followers on different levels. Methods We operationalized leaders' mental health using depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress reactivity. Our sample consisted of 322 followers of 75 leaders. Followers rated the LMX quality with their respective leader. Leaders rated depressive symptoms, anxiety, levels of stress reactivity, and LMX quality with their followers. Results Results of multilevel modeling showed that stress reactivity was negatively related to LMX quality and anxiety was positively linked to LMX agreement. Depressive symptoms were not related to aspects of LMX. Conclusion By using multisource data on different analysis levels, we are able to include different perspectives on antecedents of LMX relationship quality. Implications for LMX at different levels of analysis as well as future research are discussed.