julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
The Effect of an App-Based Home Exercise Program on Self-reported Pain Intensity in Unspecific and Degenerative Back Pain: Pragmatic Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial
2022-10-10

Background The recommended first-line treatment for unspecific and degenerative back pain consists of movement exercises and patient education. Objective Using a pragmatic, randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of a digital home exercise program on self-reported pain intensity compared with the standard of care for physiotherapy. Methods Participant recruitment was based on newspaper advertisements and a consecutive on-site assessment for eligibility and enrollment. Participants with unspecific and degenerative back pain aged ≥18 years were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a 12-week stand-alone digital home exercise program or physiotherapy. The digital home exercise program included 4 exercises daily, while physiotherapy included 6 to 12 sessions, depending on the severity of symptoms. The primary outcome was pain, which was assessed using a verbal numerical rating scale. The clinical relevance of pain reduction was assessed using the following thresholds: improvement of at least 1.4 points on the verbal numerical rating scale and a pain reduction of at least 30%. Results During the study period, 108 participants were assigned to the intervention group and 105 participants to the control group. The mean difference in pain scores between the 2 groups at 12 weeks was −2.44 (95% CI −2.92 to −1.95; P&lt;.01) in favor of the intervention group. The group receiving the digital therapeutic achieved a clinically relevant reduction in pain over the course of the study (baseline vs 12 weeks), with a mean change of −3.35 (SD 2.05) score points or −53.1% (SD 29.5). By contrast, this change did not reach clinical relevance in the control group (mean −0.91, SD 1.5; −14.6%, SD 25.3). Retention rates of 89.9% in the intervention group and 97.3% in the control group were maintained throughout the study. Conclusions The use of the app-based home exercise program led to a significant and clinically relevant reduction in pain intensity throughout the 12-week duration of the program. The intervention studied showed superior improvement in self-reported pain intensity when compared with the standard of care. Given the great demand for standard physiotherapy for unspecific and degenerative back pain, digital therapeutics are evolving into a suitable therapeutic option that can overcome the limitations of access and availability of conventional modes of health care delivery into this spectrum of indications. However, further independent evaluations are required to support the growing body of evidence on the effectiveness of digital therapeutics in real-world care settings. Trial Registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00022781; https://tinyurl.com/hpdraa89
How I Diagnose EBV-Positive B- and T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders
2022-10-10

Abstract Objectives Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) encompass a group of well-defined entities of B-, T-, and natural killer (NK)–cell derivation. The diagnosis of these disorders is challenging because of clinical and morphologic features that may overlap with other benign and malignant EBV+ lymphoproliferations. This review describes our approach to the diagnosis of EBV-associated LPDs. Methods Two cases are presented that illustrate how we diagnose EBV-associated LPDs. The first case represents a systemic EBV+ T-cell lymphoma of childhood and the second case an EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer. The clinicopathologic features that help distinguish these entities from biological and morphologic mimickers are emphasized. Results The accurate diagnosis of EBV-associated LPDs requires the incorporation of histologic and immunophenotypic features, the assessment of the EBV latency program, and, most important, complete clinical findings. Clonality analysis is not helpful in distinguishing benign from malignant EBV+ LPDs. Conclusions The better understanding of EBV-associated LPDs has resulted in the recognition of well-defined entities of B-, T-, and NK-cell derivation and consequently improvement of their treatment with curative intent. It is critical to distinguish benign from malignant EBV+ LPDs to avoid overtreatment.
NUT Carcinoma in Children and Adolescents: The Expert European Standard Clinical Practice Harmonized Recommendations
2022-10-10

Background and Aims: Nuclear protein of the testis ( NUT ) carcinoma (NC) is a rare and highly aggressive tumor mainly occurring in adolescents and young adults, defined by the presence of a somatic NUTM1 rearrangement. The aim is to establish internationally harmonized consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of adolescents and young adults with NC in the framework of the European Reference Network for Paediatric Oncology. Methods: The European Cooperative Study Group for Pediatric Rare Tumors developed recommendations according to the Consensus Conference Standard Operating procedure methodology and reviewed by external “experts.” No evidence of level I to II exists. Recommendations were developed based on published prospective (level III), but more frequently retrospective series (level IV), case reports (level V), and personal expertise (level V). In addition, “strength” of recommendations were categorized by grading (grade A to E). Results: Histology is mandatory for the diagnosis of NC, including immunolabeling with anti-NUT antibodies and molecular biology ( NUTM1 rearrangement) (level V; grade A). Treatment of NC usually combines aggressive approaches in multimodal regimens. Chemotherapy should be considered as first-line treatment (neoadjuvant vincristine-adriamycin-ifosfamide/cisplatin-adriamycin-ifsofamide or vincristine-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide-etoposide) for unresectable or metastatic tumor (ie, 3 courses), rapidly followed by local treatment (level IV; grade B). Referral to a specialized surgical oncology center is highly recommended (level V; grade A). In localized NC, a complete microscopic surgical resection should be attempted whenever and as soon as possible, followed by primary irradiation (60 to 70 Gy) and involved lymph nodes area (level IV; grade B). For head and neck tumors, a systematic neck dissection might be considered, even if N0 (level V; grade C). Adjuvant postirradiation chemotherapy is recommended, for a total of 9 to 12 courses (level IV; grade B). For first-line resected tumors, concomitant adjuvant chemotherapy to radiotherapy may be discussed (level IV; grade B). Targeted therapies and immunotherapeutic regimens should be delivered in the setting of prospective trials (level V; grade B). Conclusions: This project leads to a consensus strategy based on international experience with this very rare disease.
Identification of novel orthonairoviruses from rodents and shrews in Gabon, Central Africa
2022-10-10

In Africa, several emerging zoonotic viruses have been transmitted from small mammals such as rodents and shrews to humans. Although no clinical cases of small mammal-borne viral diseases have been reported in Central Africa, potential zoonotic viruses have been identified in rodents in the region. Therefore, we hypothesized that there may be unrecognized zoonotic viruses circulating in small mammals in Central Africa. Here, we investigated viruses that have been maintained among wild small mammals in Gabon to understand their potential risks to humans. We identified novel orthonairoviruses in 24.6 % of captured rodents and shrews from their kidney total RNA samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the novel viruses, Lamusara virus (LMSV) and Lamgora virus, were closely related to Erve virus, which was previously identified in shrews of the genus Crocidura and has been suspected to cause neuropathogenic diseases in humans. Moreover, we show that the LMSV ovarian tumour domain protease, one of the virulence determination factors of orthonairoviruses, suppressed interferon signalling in human cells, suggesting the possible human pathogenicity of this virus. Taken together, our study demonstrates the presence of novel orthonairoviruses that may pose unrecognized risks of viral disease transmission in Gabon.
Technical note: investigating activity-induced 3d hand entheseal variation in a documented South African sample
2022-10-10

Abstract For reconstructing physical activity in the past, the surfaces of bones where muscles and ligaments attach, “entheses,” are routinely studied. Previous research has introduced an experimentally validated virtual approach for reconstructing habitual activity based on entheses. The present study relies on this virtual method to further investigate the effects of various biological factors on entheses, including variation by ancestry. Our skeletal sample includes 39 individuals from the well-preserved Pretoria Bone Collection in South Africa. Although the size of the sample is limited, all selected individuals present excellently preserved left- and right-hand bones. Moreover, all individuals are reliably documented for sex, biological age, and ancestry (i.e., African or European origin). Multivariate analyses were run on both raw and size-adjusted hand entheseal three-dimensional measurements. Our findings showed that, after size adjustment, entheseal multivariate patterns did not significantly vary by sex, biological age, or estimated body mass. However, a significant ( p -value = 0.01) variation was found between individuals of different ancestries in only the right-hand side of our South African skeletal sample. The observed entheseal patterns were consistent with the habitual performance of power grasping in individuals of African origin, while our small sample’s European individuals showed distinctive indications of precision grasping behaviors. This pilot research provided important new insights into potentially activity-induced differences between population samples from South Africa, supporting the value of the applied protocol in reconstructing aspects of past human lifestyles. In the future, the functional interpretations of this study on interpopulation variation may be validated using increased sample sizes and individuals with long-term occupational documentation.
Women directors and firm innovation: The role of women directors' representative function
2022-10-10

Abstract We argue that the link between women directors in co‐determined supervisory boards and firm innovation depends on two contextual factors: (1) Women directors' power, as measured by their share among shareholder representatives, and (2) on whether women are represented in both representative functions, that is, shareholder and employee representatives. In our empirical analysis based on German panel data, we find the positive link between women directors and firm innovation to be driven by women shareholder representatives, and we find the joint presence of women among shareholder and employee representatives to be positively linked to firm innovation.
Annotated translation of Georg Meissner's first description of the submucosal plexus
2022-10-10

Abstract Background The discovery and detailed descriptions of the enteric nervous system dates back only ˂200 years. The 19th century was a golden age of histological, morphological, and physiological breakthroughs propelled by technological advances in microscopy, electricity, and scientific methodology. As a matter of fact, German‐speaking scientists were highly successful during this period as can still be appreciated by the sheer number of German eponyms in anatomy. Therefore, the main language in scientific literature of this field was German at the time, thus, limiting the accessibility to the publications and scientific discussions from back then for the broader English‐speaking scientific community today. Purpose Here, an annotated translation of Meissner's first description of the submucosal plexus is provided along with a short biography of Georg Meissner and a review of the scientific literature and controversy surrounding his discovery.
Solvation of Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Helium: Cationic and Anionic Hexabenzocoronene
2022-10-10

The adsorption of helium on charged hexabenzocoronene (Hbc, C42H18), a planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecule of D6h symmetry, was investigated by a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry and classical and quantum computational methods. The ion abundance of HenHbc+ complexes versus size n features prominent local anomalies at n = 14, 38, 68, 82, and a weak one at 26, indicating that for these “magic” sizes, the helium evaporation energies are relatively large. Surprisingly, the mass spectra of anionic HenHbc− complexes feature a different set of anomalies, namely at n = 14, 26, 60, and 62, suggesting that the preferred arrangement of the adsorbate atoms depends on the charge of the substrate. The results of our quantum calculations show that the adsorbate layer grows by successive filling of concentric rings that surround the central benzene ring, which is occupied by one helium atom each on either side of the substrate. The helium atoms are fairly localized in filled rings and they approximately preserve the D6h symmetry of the substrate, but helium atoms in partially filled rings are rather delocalized. The first three rings contain six atoms each; they account for magic numbers at n = 14, 26, and 38. The size of the first ring shrinks as atoms are filled into the second ring, and the position of atoms in the second ring changes from hollow sites to bridge sites as atoms are filled into the third ring. Beyond n = 38, however, the arrangement of helium atoms in the first three rings remains essentially frozen. Presumably, another ring is filled at n = 68 for cations and n = 62 for anions. The calculated structures and energies do not account for the difference between charge states, although they agree with the measurements for the cations and show that the first solvation shell of Hbc± is complete at n = 68. Beyond that size, the adsorbate layer becomes three-dimensional, and the circular arrangement of helium changes to hexagonal.
The CLARIN Language Resource Switchboard
2022-10-10

The CLARIN Language Resource Switchboard helps users to identify and kick-start tools that can process their research data in one way or another. In the last few years, the Switchboard has developed into a central pillar of the CLARIN community. This chapter discusses its central idea, gives an up-todate summary of its current status and usage, discusses the Switchboard’s impact within and beyond the community, and proposes a roadmap for future development.
How to Connect Language Resources, Infrastructures, and Communities
2022-10-10

This chapter will present lessons learned from CLARIN-D, the German CLARIN national consortium. Members of the CLARIN-D communities and of the CLARIN-D consortium have been engaged in innovative, data-driven, and communitybased research, using language resources and tools in the humanities and neigh - bouring disciplines. We will present different use cases and users’ stories that demonstrate the innovative research potential of large digital corpora and lexical resources for the study of language change and variation, for language documentation, for literary studies, and for the social sciences. We will emphasize the added value of making language resources and tools available in the CLARIN distributed research infrastructure and will discuss legal and ethical issues that need to be addressed in the use of such an infrastructure. Innovative technical solutions for accessing digital materials still under copyright and for data mining such materials will be presented. We will outline the need for close interaction with communities of interest in the areas of curriculum development, data management, and training the next generation of digital humanities scholars. The importance of community-supported standards for encoding language resources and the practice of community-based quality control for digital research data will be presented as a crucial step toward the provisioning of high quality research data. The chapter will conclude with a discussion of important directions for innovative research and for supporting infrastructure development over the next decade and beyond.
High Temporal Resolution Dual-Source Photon-Counting CT for Coronary Artery Disease: Initial Multicenter Clinical Experience
2022-10-11

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the diagnostic image quality of spectral dual-source photon-counting detector coronary computed tomography angiography (PCD-CCTA) for coronary artery disease in a multicenter study. The image quality (IQ), assessability, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), Agatston score, and radiation exposure were measured. Stenoses were quantified and compared with invasive coronary angiography, if available. A total of 92 subjects (65% male, age 58 ± 14 years) were analyzed. The prevalence of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) (stenosis ≥ 50%) was 17% of all patients, the range of the Agatston score was 0–2965 (interquartile range (IQR) 0–135). The IQ was very good (one, IQR one–two), the CNR was very high (20 ± 10), and 5% of the segments were rated non-diagnostic. The IQ and assessability were higher in proximal coronary segments (p &lt; 0.001). Agatston scores up to 600 did not significantly affect the assessability of the coronary segments (p = 0.3). Heart rate influenced assessability only at a high-pitch mode (p = 0.009). For the invasive coronary angiography (ICA) subgroup (n = nine), the diagnostic performance for CAD per segment was high (sensitivity 92%, specificity 96%), although the limited number of patients who underwent both diagnostic modalities limits the generalization of this finding at this stage. PCD-CCTA provides good image quality for low and moderate levels of coronary calcifications.
Mixture Risk Assessment of Complex Real-Life Mixtures—The PANORAMIX Project
2022-10-11

Humans are involuntarily exposed to hundreds of chemicals that either contaminate our environment and food or are added intentionally to our daily products. These complex mixtures of chemicals may pose a risk to human health. One of the goals of the European Union’s Green Deal and zero-pollution ambition for a toxic-free environment is to tackle the existent gaps in chemical mixture risk assessment by providing scientific grounds that support the implementation of adequate regulatory measures within the EU. We suggest dealing with this challenge by: (1) characterising ‘real-life’ chemical mixtures and determining to what extent they are transferred from the environment to humans via food and water, and from the mother to the foetus; (2) establishing a high-throughput whole-mixture-based in vitro strategy for screening of real-life complex mixtures of organic chemicals extracted from humans using integrated chemical profiling (suspect screening) together with effect-directed analysis; (3) evaluating which human blood levels of chemical mixtures might be of concern for children’s development; and (4) developing a web-based, ready-to-use interface that integrates hazard and exposure data to enable component-based mixture risk estimation. These concepts form the basis of the Green Deal project PANORAMIX, whose ultimate goal is to progress mixture risk assessment of chemicals.
The Great Flare of 2021 November 19 on AD Leonis
2022-10-11

We present a detailed analysis of a superflare on the active M dwarf star AD Leonis. The event presents a rare case of a stellar flare that was simultaneously observed in X-rays (with XMM-Newton ) and in the optical (with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, TESS). The radiated energy in the 0.2 − 12 keV X-ray band (1.26 ± 0.01 × 10 33 erg) and the bolometric value ( E F, bol = 5.57 ± 0.03 × 10 33 erg) place this event at the lower end of the superflare class. The exceptional photon statistics deriving from the proximity of AD Leo has enabled measurements in the 1 − 8 Å GOES band for the peak flux (X1445 class) and integrated energy ( E F, GOES = 4.30 ± 0.05 × 10 32 erg), which enables a direct comparison with data on flares from our Sun. From extrapolations of empirical relations for solar flares, we estimate that a proton flux of at least 10 5 cm −2 s −1 sr −1 accompanied the radiative output. With a time lag of 300 s between the peak of the TESS white-light flare and the GOES band flare peak as well as a clear Neupert effect, this event follows the standard (solar) flare scenario very closely. Time-resolved spectroscopy during the X-ray flare reveals, in addition to the time evolution of plasma temperature and emission measure, a temporary increase in electron density and elemental abundances, and a loop that extends into the corona by 13% of the stellar radius (4 × 10 9 cm). Independent estimates of the footprint area of the flare from TESS and XMM-Newton data suggest a high temperature of the optical flare (25 000 K), but we consider it more likely that the optical and X-ray flare areas represent physically distinct regions in the atmosphere of AD Leo.
Fermion-axion stars: Static solutions and dynamical stability
2022-10-11

We construct spherically symmetric static solutions of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon-Euler system involving a complex scalar field governed by a periodic potential that emerges in models of axionlike particles and fermionic matter modeled by a perfect fluid with a polytropic equation of state. Such solutions describe gravitationally bound composites of fermions and axions, which we dub fermion-axion stars. Sequences of pure axion stars in the existence domain may show the presence of multiple stable branches depending on the value of the decay constant parameter in the potential; this reflects in the appearance of multiple islands of stability in the two-dimensional parameter space of fermion-axion configurations. We investigate the domain of existence for three different values of the decay constant, identifying one or more regions of linear stability, making use of a method we already employed in previous works. We confirm the results from the linear analysis performing fully nonlinear numerical relativity evolutions. In this context, we perform several numerical simulations to identify regions in the parameter space where unstable models face different fates: the collapse to a Schwarzschild black hole, the migration to a stable model, and finally the dispersion of the scalar field together with the dilution of the fermionic matter, which approaches a static fermion star model with very low mass. This latter scenario was never observed in previous models without the periodic potential.