julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Effects of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor on surfactant, plasma, and liver phospholipid homeostasis in hyperoxic neonatal rats
2012-02-11

Respiratory distress and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are major problems in preterm infants that are often addressed by glucocorticoid treatment and increased oxygen supply, causing catabolic and injurious side effects. Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rhKGF) is noncatabolic and antiapoptotic and increases surfactant pools in immature lungs. Despite its usefulness in injured neonatal lungs, the mechanisms of improved surfactant homeostasis in vivo and systemic effects on lipid homeostasis are unknown. We therefore exposed newborn rats to 85% vs. 21% oxygen and treated them systemically with rhKGF for 48 h before death at 7 days. We determined type II pneumocyte (PN-II) proliferation, surfactant protein (SP) mRNA expression, and the pulmonary metabolism of individual phosphatidylcholine (PC) species using [D 9 -methyl]choline and tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, we assessed liver and plasma lipid metabolism, addressing PC synthesis de novo, the liver-specific phosphatidylethanolamine methyl transferase (PEMT) pathway, and triglyceride concentrations. rhKGF was found to maintain PN-II proliferation and increased SP-B/C expression and surfactant PC in both normoxic and hyperoxic lungs. We found increased total PC together with decreased [D 9 -methyl]choline enrichment, suggesting decreased turnover rather than increased secretion and synthesis as the underlying mechanism. In the liver, rhKGF increased PC synthesis, both de novo and via PEMT, underlining the organotypic differences of rhKGF actions on lipid metabolism. rhKGF increased the hepatic secretion of newly synthesized polyunsaturated PC, indicating improved systemic supply with choline and essential fatty acids. We suggest that rhKGF has potential as a therapeutic agent in neonates by improving pulmonary and systemic PC homeostasis.
PGC-1α Determines Light Damage Susceptibility of the Murine Retina
2012-02-13

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) proteins are key regulators of cellular bioenergetics and are accordingly expressed in tissues with a high energetic demand. For example, PGC-1α and PGC-1β control organ function of brown adipose tissue, heart, brain, liver and skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, despite their prominent role in the control of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism, expression and function of the PGC-1 coactivators in the retina, an organ with one of the highest energy demands per tissue weight, are completely unknown. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms that coordinate energy production with repair processes in the damaged retina remain enigmatic. In the present study, we thus investigated the expression and function of the PGC-1 coactivators in the healthy and the damaged retina. We show that PGC-1α and PGC-1β are found at high levels in different structures of the mouse retina, most prominently in the photoreceptors. Furthermore, PGC-1α knockout mice suffer from a striking deterioration in retinal morphology and function upon detrimental light exposure. Gene expression studies revealed dysregulation of all major pathways involved in retinal damage and apoptosis, repair and renewal in the PGC-1α knockouts. The light-induced increase in apoptosis in vivo in the absence of PGC-1α was substantiated in vitro, where overexpression of PGC-1α evoked strong anti-apoptotic effects. Finally, we found that retinal levels of PGC-1 expression are reduced in different mouse models for retinitis pigmentosa. We demonstrate that PGC-1α is a central coordinator of energy production and, importantly, all of the major processes involved in retinal damage and subsequent repair. Together with the observed dysregulation of PGC-1α and PGC-1β in retinitis pigmentosa mouse models, these findings thus imply that PGC-1α might be an attractive target for therapeutic approaches aimed at retinal degeneration diseases.
Inaugural Schlenk Lecture at the University of Tübingen
2012-02-13

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditor's PageNEXTInaugural Schlenk Lecture at the University of TübingenJohn A. Gladysz and Reiner AnwanderView Author Information Editor in Chief University of TübingenCite this: Organometallics 2012, 31, 3, 773–774Publication Date (Web):February 13, 2012Publication History Published online13 February 2012Published inissue 13 February 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om300019phttps://doi.org/10.1021/om300019peditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views913Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Carbon capture and storage,Materials,Organometallic chemistry,Students Get e-Alerts
Exploiting the glioblastoma peptidome to discover novel tumour-associated antigens for immunotherapy
2012-02-14

Peptides presented at the cell surface reflect the protein content of the cell; those on HLA class I molecules comprise the critical peptidome elements interacting with CD8 T lymphocytes. We hypothesize that peptidomes from ex vivo tumour samples encompass immunogenic tumour antigens. Here, we uncover >6000 HLA-bound peptides from HLA-A*02(+) glioblastoma, of which over 3000 were restricted by HLA-A*02. We prioritized in-depth investigation of 10 glioblastoma-associated antigens based on high expression in tumours, very low or absent expression in healthy tissues, implication in gliomagenesis and immunogenicity. Patients with glioblastoma showed no T cell tolerance to these peptides. Moreover, we demonstrated specific lysis of tumour cells by patients' CD8(+) T cells in vitro. In vivo, glioblastoma-specific CD8(+) T cells were present at the tumour site. Overall, our data show the physiological relevance of the peptidome approach and provide a critical advance for designing a rational glioblastoma immunotherapy. The peptides identified in our study are currently being tested as a multipeptide vaccine (IMA950) in patients with glioblastoma.
Relativistic models of magnetars: Nonperturbative analytical approach
2012-02-14

In the present paper we focus on building simple nonperturbative analytical\\nrelativistic models of magnetars. With this purpose in mind we first develop a\\nmethod for generating exact interior solutions to the static and axisymmetric\\nEinstein-Maxwell-hydrodynamic equations with anisotropic perfect fluid and with\\npure poloidal magnetic field. Then using an explicit exact solution we present\\na simple magnetar model and calculate some physically interesting quantities as\\nthe surface elipticity and the total energy of the magnetized star.\\n
Investigating riparian groundwater flow close to a losing river using diurnal temperature oscillations at high vertical resolution
2012-02-14

Abstract. River-water infiltration is of high relevance for hyporheic and riparian groundwater ecology as well as for drinking water supply by river-bank filtration. Heat has become a popular natural tracer to estimate exchange rates between rivers and groundwater. However, quantifying flow patterns and velocities is impeded by spatial and temporal variations of exchange fluxes, insufficient sensors spacing during field investigations, or simplifying assumptions for analysis or modeling such as uniform flow. The objective of this study is to investigate lateral shallow groundwater flow upon river-water infiltration at the shoreline of the riverbed and in the adjacent riparian zone of the River Thur in northeast Switzerland. Here we have applied distributed temperature sensing (DTS) along optical fibers wrapped around tubes to measure high-resolution vertical temperature profiles of the unsaturated zone and shallow riparian groundwater. Diurnal temperature oscillations were tracked in the subsurface and analyzed by means of dynamic harmonic regression to extract amplitudes and phase angles. Subsequent calculations of amplitude attenuation and time shift relative to the river signal show in detail vertical and temporal variations of heat transport in shallow riparian groundwater. In addition, we apply a numerical two-dimensional heat transport model for the unsaturated zone and shallow groundwater to obtain a better understanding of the observed heat transport processes in shallow riparian groundwater and to estimate the groundwater flow velocity. Our results show that the observed riparian groundwater temperature distribution cannot be described by uniform flow, but rather by horizontal groundwater flow velocities varying over depth. In addition, heat transfer of diurnal temperature oscillations from the losing river through shallow groundwater is influenced by thermal exchange with the unsaturated zone. Neglecting the influence of the unsaturated zone would cause biased interpretation and underestimation of groundwater flow velocities. The combination of high resolution field data and modeling shows the complex hydraulic and thermal processes occurring in shallow riparian groundwater close to losing river sections as well as potential errors sources for interpreting diurnal temperature oscillations in such environments.
Decellularized Bovine Corneal Posterior Lamellae as Carrier Matrix for Cultivated Human Corneal Endothelial Cells
2012-02-15

Phenotypical properties of HCECs on DBCs imply that the HCEC sheets are capable of maintaining an intact barrier and ionic pump function in vitro. DBCs might, therefore, be a promising scaffold for ex vivo expansion of HCECs. This xenogeneic substrate might be used for therapy of isolated corneal endothelial diseases.
Organic and inorganic carbon in the topsoil of the Mongolian and Tibetan grasslands: pattern, control and implications
2012-02-15

Abstract. Soil carbon (C) is the largest C pool in terrestrial biosphere and includes both inorganic and organic components. Studying patterns and controls of soil C help us to understand and estimate potential responses of soil C to global change in the future. Here we analyzed topsoil data of 81 sites obtained from a regional survey across grasslands in the Inner Mongolia and on the Tibetan Plateau during 2006–2007, attempting to find the patterns and controls of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and soil organic carbon (SOC). The average of SIC and SOC in the topsoil (0–20 cm) across the study region were 0.38% and 3.63%, ranging between 0.00–2.92% and 0.32–26.17%, respectively. Both SIC and SOC in the topsoil of the Tibetan grasslands (0.51% and 5.24%, respectively) were higher than those of the Inner Mongolian grasslands (0.21% and 1.61%). Regression tree analyses showed that the spatial pattern of SIC and SOC were controlled by different factors. Chemical and physical processes of soil formation drive the spatial pattern of SIC, while biotic processes drive the spatial pattern of SOC. SIC was controlled by soil acidification and other processes depending on soil pH. Vegetation type is the most important variable driving the spatial pattern of SOC. According to our models, given the acidification rate in Chinese grassland soils in the future is the same as that in Chinese cropland soils during the past two decades: 0.27 and 0.48 units per 20 yr in the Inner Mongolian grasslands and the Tibetan grasslands, respectively, it will lead to 30% and 53% decrease in SIC in the Inner Mongolian grasslands and the Tibetan grasslands, respectively. However, negative relationship between soil pH and SOC suggests that acidification will inhibit decomposition of SOC, thus will not lead to a significant general loss of carbon from soils in these regions.
IUPAC glossary of terms used in immunotoxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)
2012-02-16

The primary objective of this “Glossary of Terms Used in Immunotoxicology” is to give clear definitions for those who contribute to studies relevant to immunotoxicology but are not themselves immunologists. This applies especially to chemists who need to understand the literature of immunology without recourse to a multiplicity of other glossaries or dictionaries. The glossary includes terms related to basic and clinical immunology insofar as they are necessary for a self-contained document, and particularly terms related to diagnosing, measuring, and understanding effects of substances on the immune system. The glossary consists of about 1200 terms as primary alphabetical entries, and Annexes of common abbreviations, examples of chemicals with known effects on the immune system, autoantibodies in autoimmune disease, and therapeutic agents used in autoimmune disease and cancer. The authors hope that among the groups who will find this glossary helpful, in addition to chemists, are toxicologists, pharmacologists, medical practitioners, risk assessors, and regulatory authorities. In particular, it should facilitate the worldwide use of chemistry in relation to occupational and environmental risk assessment.
Modification of the 3d-Electronic Configuration of Manganese Phthalocyanine at the Interface to Gold
2012-02-16

The electronic structure of ultrathin films of manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) on polycrystalline and single crystalline Au has been investigated using photoexcited spectroscopies in the lab and at synchrotron sources. Coverage-dependent photoemission and Auger spectra showed clear evidence for electronic interactions of Mn to Au at the immediate interface. Polarization-dependent N K-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) supported the lying down orientation of MnPc molecular films on Au(100). The different peak features and shapes of these spectra in MnPc compared to other metal Pcs provided clear hints for hybridization with the Mn d-states of the molecule, and significant modifications of the monolayer spectra with respect to the film data indicated the involvement of these nitrogen-related states in electronic interactions at the interface. Changes of the Mn L-edge XAS spectral shape as well as the total intensity going from monolayer to multilayer coverage were detected, again indicating the local interaction of Mn d-states with substrate metal states. Resonant photoemission spectroscopy was utilized to identify valence band features with Mn character.
A new species ofHipposideros(Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Vietnam
2012-02-16

Abstract A new species of Hipposideros is described from Vietnam. Morphologically, it is similar to taxa in the Hipposideros armiger complex but is substantially smaller. The new species, which has been found living sympatrically with H. armiger in Cat Ba National Park, is distinguished from it by size, acoustic characters, and differences in the mitochondrial DNA. Currently, the new taxon is known from Cat Ba Island in Ha Long Bay in northern Vietnam and from Chu Mom Ray National Park, which is situated on the mainland some 1,000 km to the south. It was collected in disturbed and primary forests.
Knowledge exchange using Web 2.0 technologies in NGOs
2012-02-17

Purpose Members' knowledge is the most important resource in NGOs and it is important to stimulate its exchange. Knowledge that is needed to act in complex situations is hard to exchange, but Web 2.0 technologies provide a toolbox to develop a knowledge management strategy. The paper aims to specify optimal conditions and necessary measures that NGOs should take in order to successfully use Web 2.0 technologies for knowledge exchange. Design/methodology/approach NGOs and Web 2.0 technologies have specific characteristics in common. It is suggested that these characteristics require certain prerequisites in order to make the use of Web 2.0 technologies successful. Using an iterative and participative design method, a case study is presented that investigated prior boundary conditions and implemented a Web 2.0‐based platform as knowledge management strategy in a large NGO. Findings NGOs and Web 2.0 are based on strong voluntariness, they are democratic, contribution and personality are strongly tied to each other, and education is rarely formal. Therefore, there is a strong need for contact between members, internal motivation and organizational identification, for quality criteria, for protected spaces and pattern‐structures, if Web 2.0 technologies shall lead to successful knowledge management. The case study demonstrates that considering these circumstances enabled the successful implementation in a large NGO. Practical implications The current research helps NGOs to successfully implement Web 2.0 technologies as a means to support knowledge management. A figure with the crucial questions and the means that have to be taken in dependence of the answers is provided. Originality/value NGOs do not have the same means to develop formal management strategies as other organizations. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the circumstances that enable knowledge exchange with Web 2.0 technologies is needed. The current research provides information about optimal circumstances and about possibilities to improve less promising circumstances.
Rat brain MRI at 16.4T using a capacitively tunable patch antenna in combination with a receive array
2012-02-17

Abstract For MRI at 16.4T, with a proton Larmor frequency of 698 MHz, one of the principal RF engineering challenges is to generate a spatially homogeneous transmit field over a larger volume of interest for spin excitation. Constructing volume coils large enough to house a receive array along with the subject and to maintain the quadrature symmetry for different loading conditions is difficult at this frequency. This calls for new approaches to RF coil design for ultra‐high field MR systems. A remotely placed capacitively tunable patch antenna, which can easily be adjusted to different loading conditions, was used to generate a relatively homogeneous excitation field covering a large imaging volume with a transversal profile similar to that of a birdcage coil. Since it was placed in front of the animal, this created valuable free space in the narrow magnet bore around the subject for additional hardware. To enhance the reception sensitivity, the patch antenna was combined with an actively detunable 3‐channel receive coil array. In addition to increased SNR compared to a quadrature transceive surface coil, we were able to get high quality gradient echo and spin‐echo images covering the whole rat brain. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and Double Thrombophilic Defect: A New Observation
2012-02-17

WE REPORT THE FIRST CASE OF NONARTERITIC ANTERIOR ISCHEMIC NEUROPATHY (NAION) ASSOCIATED WITH DOUBLE THROMBOPHILIA: protein S deficiency and prothrombin G20210A mutation. A 58-year-old man is presented including the clinical and laboratory findings, cardiovascular profile and thrombophilia screening. The patient presented with 3/10 vision and an inferior altitudinal defect in the right eye. Funduscopic examination of the right eye revealed a hyperemic optic disk with blurred superior optic disk border and sectoral nerve fiber layer edema. Complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were normal, suggesting a NAION. A workup of cardiovascular risk factors revealed hyperlipidemia, arterial hypertension and high-risk asymptomatic coronary artery disease. Due to the family history of deep vein thrombosis in the patient's daughter, a thrombophilia screening was additionally performed. The results revealed a double thrombophilic defect, namely congenital protein S deficiency and heterozygosity for prothrombin G20210A mutation, which were also identified in the patient's daughter. Anticoagulant warfarin therapy was initiated and the patient underwent a triple bypass surgery. At three-month follow-up, the right optic disk edema had resolved, leaving a pale superior optic nerve head. Visual acuity in the right eye had slightly improved to 4/10; however, the dense inferior altitudinal field defect had remained unchanged. The patient is currently treated with warfarin, atorvastatin, irbesartan and metoprolol. This case suggests that the first line of investigation in all patients with NAION involves assessment of cardiovascular risk factors. However, careful history taking will identify NAION patients who are eligible for additional thrombophilia screening: young patients without vasculopathic risk factors, bilateral or recurrent NAION, idiopathic or recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), positive family history of VTE, and VTE in young age or in unusual sites (e.g. cerebral, hepatic, mesenteric, or renal vein).