julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Financial Fraud Detection on Social Networks Based on a Data Mining Approach
2022-01-01

The article summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific debate on the issue of researching financial frauds in the Internet. The main goal of the research is to develop methodological principles for identifying financial cyber fraud in social networks based on the analysis of comments to identify relevant text patterns that may indicate manipulation attempts and further fraud. The urgency of solving this scientific problem is due to the fact that the mass involvement of Internet users in social interactions in the virtual environment has contributed to the development of various criminal schemes, as well as personal data that is initially entered during registration and information that is published in social networks can be used by a fraudster to carry out illegal financial transactions. The study of the issue of identifying financial fraud in social networks in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: collecting comments with a corresponding request under publications in the social network using the Instaloader tool; combining comments into groups based on content similarity; conducting preliminary processing of text data (decomposing the text into simpler components (tokens) and reducing similar word forms to their main dictionary form); determination of the level of similarity of text data using the cosine of similarity; building clusters of text data that can indicate the presence of signs of financial fraud under relevant comments in social networks. Instagram was chosen to identify fraudulent operations in social networks. The analysis of comments on the social network Instagram to identify text patterns showed that offers and appeals from specific groups of people and promoted in comments with the help of spam are dangerous. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that national regulators need to strengthen public control of the Internet, as well as improve the security system at the technical level by using the latest machine learning methods to identify attempts to commit illegal actions with the subsequent imposition of sanctions on such users in social networks.
On the Theory of Deduction, Part I. Derivation and Its Generalizations (1948)
2022-01-01

This article is a corrected reprint of K. R. Popper (1948a). On the Theory of Deduction, Part I. Derivation and its Generalizations. In: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie vanWetenschappen, Proceedings of the Section of Sciences 51, pp. 173–183.
Functional Logic Without Axioms or Primitive Rules of Inference (1947)
2022-01-01

This article is a corrected reprint of K. R. Popper (1947d). Functional Logic without Axioms or Primitive Rules of Inference. In: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Proceedings of the Section of Sciences 50, pp. 1214–1224.
Sirtuin-1 sensitive lysine-136 acetylation drives phase separation and pathological aggregation of TDP-43.
2022-01-01

Trans-activation response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) regulates RNA processing and forms neuropathological aggregates in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Investigating TDP-43 post-translational modifications, we discovered that K84 acetylation reduced nuclear import whereas K136 acetylation impaired RNA binding and splicing capabilities of TDP-43. Such failure of RNA interaction triggered TDP-43 phase separation mediated by the C-terminal low complexity domain, leading to the formation of insoluble aggregates with pathologically phosphorylated and ubiquitinated TDP-43. Introduction of acetyl-lysine at the identified sites via amber suppression confirmed the results from site-directed mutagenesis. K84-acetylated TDP-43 showed cytoplasmic mislocalization, and the aggregation propensity of K136-acetylated TDP-43 was confirmed. We generated antibodies selective for TDP-43 acetylated at these lysines, and found that sirtuin-1 can potently deacetylate K136-acetylated TDP-43 and reduce its aggregation propensity. Thus, distinct lysine acetylations modulate nuclear import, RNA binding and phase separation of TDP-43, suggesting regulatory mechanisms for TDP-43 pathogenesis.
Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-incorporated Pebax composite membrane for improved permselectivity in organic solvent nanofiltration
2022-01-01

The OSN membrane was prepared via crosslinking HP-β-CD in Pebax layer with TDI. The as-prepared membrane exhibited high methanol permeability and good dye rejections, as well as longer running stability.
Bayesian Phylogenetic Cognate Prediction
2022-01-01

In Jäger (2019) a computational framework was defined to start from parallel word lists of related languages and infer the corresponding vocabulary of the shared proto-language. The SIGTYP 2022 Shared Task is closely related. The main difference is that what is to be reconstructed is not the proto-form but an unknown word from an extant language. The system described here is a re-implementation of the tools used in the mentioned paper, adapted to the current task.
Substrate effects on the speed limiting factor of WSe2 photodetectors
2022-01-01

The speed of a WSe 2 photodetector can be affected by the chosen substrate material, apparent as the detector on polyimide is independent of the applied electric field, while the one on glass can be accelerated up to a 3 dB bandwidth of 2.6 MHz.
Representational exchange in social learning: Blurring the lines between the ritual and instrumental
2022-01-01

Abstract We propose that human social learning is subject to a trade-off between the cost of performing a computation and the flexibility of its outputs. Viewing social learning through this lens sheds light on cases that seem to violate bifocal stance theory (BST) – such as high-fidelity imitation in instrumental action – and provides a mechanism by which causal insight can be bootstrapped from imitation of cultural practices.
Coincidence study of core-ionized adamantane: site-sensitivity within a carbon cage?
2022-01-01

Can we observe site-sensitivity after X-ray core-ionisation of a symmetric molecule composed of the same heavy atom such as the carbon cage adamantane? We investigate this question using electron-ion coincidence spectroscopy and theoretical methods.
Weight-Bearing Restrictions after Acetabular Fracture, Necessity or False Hope? A Brief Observational Study.
2022-01-01

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Most common postoperative treatment recommendations after acetabulum fractures suggest at least 6 weeks of postoperative partial or non weight-bearing. To protect the osteosynthetic construct this surgically set weight-bearing limit is trained by physical therapy. Aim of our analysis was to determine the free field patient compliance to these weight-bearing restrictions and observe their influence on the early postoperative radiographic imaging. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients after surgical treatment of an acetabulum fracture were included in our analysis. Every patient was instructed to maintain a 20 kg weight-bearing limit for 6 weeks. Postoperative weight-bearing was continuously monitored during this time with a pressure measuring insole. Maximum weight-bearing per day was recorded and maintenance of reduction assessed after this time. RESULTS In total 10 patients were included into the study. Only 1 patient stayed within the weight-bearing limit during the analysis. Maximum weight-bearing as high as 110 kg was recorded. All patients maintained postoperative reduction at the 6 week timepoint. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Despite regular physical therapy training compliance to the generally accepted weight-bearing limits was low. Regardless of the non-compliance the radiographic outcome remained unchanged. Further analysis on the use of permissive weightbearing aftercare regimes are warranted. Key words: weight-bearing, acetabulum fracture, compliance.
Substitution of Hyp (Hyp = Si(SiMe3)3) at metalloid [Ge9(Hyp)3]− clusters using phosphine stabilized Au(i)Cl
2022-01-01

The reaction of [Ge 9 (Hyp) 3 ] − with ( n Bu 3 P)AuCl leads in the presence of free n Bu 3 P to [( n Bu 3 P)AuGe 9 (Hyp) 2 Au(P n Bu 3 )] 2 (Hyp = Si(SiMe 3 ) 3 ), providing further insight into the reaction mechanism of this build-up reaction.
When to Be Critical? Performance and Evolvability in Different Regimes of Neural Ising Agents
2022-01-01

Abstract It has long been hypothesized that operating close to the critical state is beneficial for natural and artificial evolutionary systems. We put this hypothesis to test in a system of evolving foraging agents controlled by neural networks that can adapt the agents’ dynamical regime throughout evolution. Surprisingly, we find that all populations that discover solutions evolve to be subcritical. By a resilience analysis, we find that there are still benefits of starting the evolution in the critical regime. Namely, initially critical agents maintain their fitness level under environmental changes (for example, in the lifespan) and degrade gracefully when their genome is perturbed. At the same time, initially subcritical agents, even when evolved to the same fitness, are often inadequate to withstand the changes in the lifespan and degrade catastrophically with genetic perturbations. Furthermore, we find the optimal distance to criticality depends on the task complexity. To test it we introduce a hard task and a simple task: For the hard task, agents evolve closer to criticality, whereas more subcritical solutions are found for the simple task. We verify that our results are independent of the selected evolutionary mechanisms by testing them on two principally different approaches: a genetic algorithm and an evolutionary strategy. In summary, our study suggests that although optimal behaviour in the simple task is obtained in a subcritical regime, initializing near criticality is important to be efficient at finding optimal solutions for new tasks of unknown complexity.
The Multidimensionality of Materiality: Bodies, Space, and Things in Transitions
2022-01-01

Abstract The article focuses on the importance of materiality within social practice in relation to processes of transition. Materiality is emphasized on the one hand in its material-spatial dimension and on the other hand in its physical dimension and its relevance for the reflection and research of transitions. This is demonstrated in the article by two empirical examples that focus on different transitions. By referring to different phases of life (old age and childhood) and the transition processes that take place during these phases, the contribution opens up a comprehensive and multi-layered view of the meaning of materiality – of things, bodies, and spaces - and its relevance in the discussion of transitions.
Axiomatic Thinking, Identity of Proofs and the Quest for an Intensional Proof-Theoretic Semantics
2022-01-01

Abstract Starting from Hilbert’s Axiomatic Thinking , the problem of identity of proofs and its significance is discussed in an elementary proof-theoretic setting. Identifying two proofs, one of which is obtained from the other one by removing redundancies, leads, when used as a universal method, to a collapse of all proofs of a provable proposition into one single proof and thus trivialises proof identity. Principles of proof-theoretic harmony with restricted means of redundancy reduction might be used instead, though this limits one to a certain format of formal systems. The discussion of proof identity suggests the claim that annotations of proofs telling the reader which rule is applied at a particular step, must be considered part of the proof itself. As a general perspective, it is advocated that the investigation of intensional aspects of proofs should be given more space in proof theory and proof-theoretic semantics.
{Ge8[Fe(CO)4]8}7−: an anionic cubic germanium-iron-cluster featuring an unpaired electron
2022-01-01

The reaction of a metastable Ge( i )Cl solution and Na 2 Fe 2 (CO) 8 gives the radical cluster anion {(thf) 14 Na 6 Ge 8 [Fe(CO) 4 ] 8 } − which might be an intermediate compound on the formation of metalloid germanium clusters.
Xu at SemEval-2022 Task 4: Pre-BERT Neural Network Methods vs Post-BERT RoBERTa Approach for Patronizing and Condescending Language Detection
2022-01-01

This paper describes my participation in the SemEval-2022 Task 4: Patronizing and Condescending Language Detection. I participate in both subtasks: Patronizing and Condescending Language (PCL) Identification and Patronizing and Condescending Language Categorization, with the main focus put on subtask 1. The experiments compare pre-BERT neural network (NN) based systems against post-BERT pretrained language model RoBERTa. This research finds NN-based systems in the experiments perform worse on the task compared to the pretrained language models. The top-performing RoBERTa system is ranked 26 out of 78 teams (F1-score: 54.64) in subtask 1, and 23 out of 49 teams (F1-score: 30.03) in subtask 2.
Growth, structure and templating of anthradithiophene and its β-methylthiolated derivative
2022-01-01

The thin film growth behaviors of ADT and β-MT-ADT are studied by X-ray diffraction techniques and atomic force microscopy, and the templating effect on the thin film growth process of β-MT-ADT is investigated with DIP as the templating layer.
Diagnosing 6th Graders’ Understanding of Decimal Fractions: Fostering Mathematics Pre-Service Teachers’ Diagnostic Competences with Simulated One-on-One Interviews
2022-01-01

Abstract One-on-one diagnostic interviews with school students have been proposed as learning opportunities to acquire diagnostic competences. Moreover, role-play-based simulations have proved promising to foster interactive competences similar to diagnosis during early phases of teacher and medical education. Thus, we developed a role-play-based simulation of diagnostic interviews on the topic of decimal fractions for mathematics pre-service teachers. During the role-play, participants either take on the role of a sixth grader, a teacher interviewing a sixth grader, or an observer watching the interview. Based on cognitive labs addressing criteria such as authenticity and immersion in the teacher’s diagnostic task in the role-play, we analyze the feasibility of the chosen simulation approach to measure and foster mathematics pre-service teachers’ diagnostic competences.
QiNiAn at SemEval-2022 Task 5: Multi-Modal Misogyny Detection and Classification
2022-01-01

In this paper, we describe our submission to the misogyny classification challenge at SemEval-2022. We propose two models for the two subtasks of the challenge: The first uses joint image and text classification to classify memes as either misogynistic or not. This model uses a majority voting ensemble structure built on traditional classifiers and additional image information such as age, gender and nudity estimations. The second model uses a RoBERTa classifier on the text transcriptions to additionally identify the type of problematic ideas the memes perpetuate. Our submissions perform above all organizer submitted baselines. For binary misogyny classification, our system achieved the fifth place on the leaderboard, with a macro F1-score of 0.665. For multi-label classification identifying the type of misogyny, our model achieved place 19 on the leaderboard, with a weighted F1-score of 0.637.
Machine Learning Application for Λ Hyperon Reconstruction in CBM at FAIR
2022-01-01

The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR will investigate the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities. Enhanced production of strange baryons, such as the most abundantly produced Λ hyperons, can signal transition to a new phase of the QCD matter. In this work, the CBM performance for reconstruction of the Λ hyperon via its decay to proton and π − is presented. Decay topology reconstruction is implemented in the Particle-Finder Simple (PFSimple) package with Machine Learning algorithms providing effcient selection of the decays and high signal to background ratio.
Requirement of Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> Exchanger NHE1 for Vasopressin-Induced Osteogenic Signaling and Calcification in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells
2022-01-01

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background/Aims:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Vasopressin is a powerful stimulator of vascular calcification, augmenting osteogenic signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) including upregulation of transcription factors such as core-binding factor α-1 (&lt;i&gt;CBFA1&lt;/i&gt;), msh homeobox 2 (&lt;i&gt;MSX2&lt;/i&gt;), and SRY-Box 9 (&lt;i&gt;SOX9&lt;/i&gt;), as well as of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (&lt;i&gt;ALPL&lt;/i&gt;). Vasopressin-induced osteogenic signaling and calcification require the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1). Known effects of SGK1 include upregulation of Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; exchanger 1 (NHE1). NHE1 further participates in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NHE1 has been shown to participate in the orchestration of bone mineralization. The present study, thus, explored whether vasopressin modifies NHE1 expression and ROS generation, as well as whether pharmacological inhibition of NHE1 disrupts vasopressin-induced osteogenic signaling and calcification in VSMCs. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were treated with vasopressin in the absence or presence of SGK1 silencing, SGK1 inhibitor GSK-650394, and NHE1 blocker cariporide. Transcript levels were determined by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, protein abundance by Western blotting, ROS generation with 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence, and ALP activity and calcium content by using colorimetric assays. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Vasopressin significantly enhanced the &lt;i&gt;NHE1&lt;/i&gt; transcript and protein levels in HAoSMCs, effects significantly blunted by SGK1 inhibition with GSK-650394 or SGK1 silencing. Vasopressin increased ROS accumulation, an effect significantly blocked by the NHE1 inhibitor cariporide. Vasopressin further significantly increased osteogenic markers &lt;i&gt;CBFA1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;MSX2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;SOX9&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;ALPL&lt;/i&gt; transcript levels, as well as ALP activity and calcium content in HAoSMCs, all effects significantly blunted by SGK1 silencing or in the presence of GSK-650394 or cariporide. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Vasopressin stimulates NHE1 expression and ROS generation, an effect dependent on SGK1 and required for vasopressin-induced stimulation of osteogenic signaling and calcification of VSMCs.
Versatile synthesis of pathogen specific bacterial cell wall building blocks
2022-01-01

A modular three coupling strategy involving a versatile solid phase peptide synthesis enables access to pathogen specific lipid analogs in high yield, revealing high spectroscopic resolution of these key bacterial cell wall building blocks.
Social Work and Muslim Welfare: A Women’s Grassroots Association
2022-01-01

Abstract Religion, religiosity and spirituality are gaining importance for social work in Germany as a discipline and as a profession, especially in the context of Muslim people seeking advice. Most Muslims regard Islam as a social religion which helps in different life situations. For them, the central elements of their belief, such as mercy, charity, solidarity and assisting each other, are core elements of help in society. The purpose of this chapter is to show the importance of the real life experiences of people who seek advice in social work. In this context, the chapter shows that counselling is subject-, task- and context-related. Counselling deals with life realities and can address and solve specific problems, support individuals in making decisions and coping effectively with crises. At the least, a sensitive attitude towards religious questions provides an ability to deal constructively with the reality of life. Within this perspective, the practice model, the Meeting and Further Training Centre for Muslim Women, shows how it is possible to gain access to welfare issues in the context of religion and social work.
Lejewski’s Axiomatization of My Theory of Deducibility (1974)
2022-01-01

This article is a corrected reprint of K. R. Popper (1974b). Lejewski's Axiomatization of My Theory of Deducibility. In: The Philosophy of Karl Popper. Ed. by P. A. Schilpp. The Library of Living Philosophers. La Salle, Illinois: Open Court, pp. 1095–1096.
SIGMORPHON 2022 Task 0 Submission Description: Modelling Morphological Inflection with Data-Driven and Rule-Based Approaches
2022-01-01

Tatiana Merzhevich, Nkonye Gbadegoye, Leander Girrbach, Jingwen Li, Ryan Soh-Eun Shim. Proceedings of the 19th SIGMORPHON Workshop on Computational Research in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology. 2022.
Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy
2022-01-01

In the present work, the development of a combined specialized scanning ion-conductance microscope (SICM) and fluorescence microscope for non-invasive topographical and optical studies on soft samples immersed in electrolyte solution is reported. In SICM, the scanning probe is an electrolyte-filled glass-nanopipette with a tip aperture diameter of about 50 nanometers. Conductivity of an ionic current through the tip, driven by electrodes inside and outside of the pipette, depends on the distance between tip and sample surface (topographical mapping) and on the sample's chemical properties (chemical mapping). For enhancing the sensitivity of the microscope, it is operated in alternating current mode by applying an oscillation to the probe and using a lock-in detection of the modulated current as feedback signal. The presented combination of scanning ion-conductance and fluorescence microscopy demonstrates parallel acquisition of correlated topographical and chemical or optical information. Characterization of the microscope's properties is presented with a detailed analysis of the interaction of all essential elements participating in its operation. Conceptual design and implementation of the control-software that operates on the instrument's specialized real-time hardware is described. Successful employment of the SICM at a resolution beyond the Rayleigh criterion combined with fluorescence-optical studies is presented, demonstrating the manifold capabilities of this instrument for applications in the interacting fields of physics, biology, and chemistry.
connotation_clashers at SemEval-2022 Task 6: The effect of sentiment analysis on sarcasm detection
2022-01-01

We investigated the influence of contradictory connotations of words or phrases occurring in sarcastic statements, causing those statements to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. Our approach was to perform a sentiment analysis in order to capture potential opposite sentiments within one sentence and use its results as additional information for a further classifier extracting general text features, testing this for a Convolutional Neural Network, as well as for a Support Vector Machine classifier, respectively.We found that a more complex and sophisticated implementation of the sentiment analysis than just classifying the sentences as positive or negative is necessary, since our implementation showed a worse performance in both approaches than the respective classifier without using any sentiment analysis.
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the Republic of Congo: why the Congolese population is reluctant to screening?
2022-01-01

the findings of this study suggest that more effort should be put into raising awareness of HAT and the benefits of screening amongst the Congolese population, in order to strengthen the national disease control program.