julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Impact of timing of computed tomography staging and patient factors on the detection of ‘true’ cN+ bladder cancer
2025-07-09

Objectives To evaluate whether computed tomography (CT) scans should be performed before or after transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) for accurate lymph node staging in clinically lymph node‐positive bladder cancer (BCa). Additionally, to identify patient factors that can aid in predicting lymph node metastasis. Patients and Methods In this retrospective, multicentre study, we analysed patients with cN+ M0 BCa staged by CT and treated with upfront radical cystectomy (RC) and pelvic lymph node dissection. We stratified patients by the interval between TURBT and CT into three groups: (1) before TURBT; (2) within 30 days after TURBT; and (3) more than 30 days post‐TURBT. Staging accuracy, defined as concordance between clinical and pathological lymph node status, was evaluated. We utilised logistic regression analyses to identify patient factors, including the optimal timing of staging, in predicting pathological lymph node status at RC. Results Among 183 patients with cN+ disease, 90 (49%) had pN0 disease at RC. Of these, 40, 36 and 14 were staged before TURBT, within 30 days after TURBT, and more than 30 days post‐TURBT, respectively ( P = 0.2). Pathological downstaging was most common in cN1 (22%) and cN2 (20%) disease. The overall concordance rate was 23%. The timing of staging did not correlate with pathological lymph node status on logistic regression (all P &gt; 0.05). Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) at TURBT was associated with pN status (odds ratio 4.25, confidence interval 2.02–9.34; P &lt; 0.001) at RC. Conclusion Overall, we found no association between the timing of CT‐based staging and pathological lymph node metastases in cN+ BCa. The data suggest that performing a TURBT prior to staging does not increase the finding of false‐positive nodes on imaging. LVI was the only factor at the time of TURBT associated with pathological lymph node metastasis at RC. Limitations include the multicentre retrospective design and the inclusion of only patients with clinically node‐positive disease.
Mechanically Robust Supercrystals from Antisolvent-Induced Assembly of Perovskite Nanocrystals
2025-07-09

Ordered arrays of nanocrystals, called supercrystals, have attracted significant attention owing to the collective quantum effects arising from the coupling between neighboring nanocrystals. In particular, lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are widely used because of the combination of the optical properties and faceted cubic shape, which enables the formation of highly ordered supercrystals. The most frequently used method for the fabrication of perovskite supercrystals is based on the self-assembly of nanocrystals from solution via slow evaporation of the solvent. However, the supercrystals produced with this technique grow in random positions on the substrate. Moreover, they are mechanically soft due to the presence of organic ligands around the individual nanocrystals. Therefore, such supercrystals cannot be easily manipulated with microgrippers, which hinders their use in applications. In this work, we synthesize mechanically robust supercrystals built from cubic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals by a two-layer phase diffusion self-assembly with acetonitrile as the antisolvent. This method yields highly faceted thick supercrystals, which are robust enough to be picked up and relocated by microgrippers. We employed X-ray nanodiffraction together with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to reveal the structure of CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>, CsPbBr<sub>2</sub>Cl, and CsPbCl<sub>3</sub> supercrystals assembled using the two-layer phase diffusion technique and explain their unusual mechanical robustness. Our findings are crucial for further experiments and applications in which supercrystals need to be placed in a precise location, for example, between the electrodes in an electro-optical modulator.
Professional and academic pre-qualifications, career preferences and aspirations in working as a rural doctor
2025-07-09

Introduction Internationally, countries are struggling to provide health care in rural areas. In Germany, where the medical school’s admissions system rewards prior experience, there are a significant number of students with professional experience (e.g., paramedics, nurses). To date, there has been little research on this pre-experienced subgroup. In a rather exploratory approach, preferences for specialty training were compared between students with and without pre-qualifications. The primary aim of the study was to analyze how pre-qualifications and career types according to Holland’s RIASEC (acronym for realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional) model contribute to interest in working as a rural doctor. Methods Overall, 2,370 medical students at different stages of their studies (i.e., 3rd, 6th, 10th semester, and final year) completed the questionnaire. Students indicated interest in working as a rural doctor on a 9-point scale, and expressed interest in up to three specialist training programs from a list of 16. In addition, students answered questions about professional and academic pre-qualifications (i.e., vocational training in the medical field, academic degree, voluntary service) and completed a 6-item questionnaire on vocational interests according to the RIASEC model. The study was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted at all five medical schools in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Results Results show differences in career aspirations according to different pre-qualifications, especially for the pre-qualifications vocational training and voluntary service. The strongest association was found between having completed vocational training and interest in Anesthesiology, OR = 3.92 [3.22, 4.76]. A linear mixed model revealed that higher interest in practical-technical (realistic RIASEC type) or social activities (social RIASEC type), and lower interest in intellectual-research activities (investigative RIASEC type) predicted interest in rural practice, whereas pre-qualifications did not contribute significantly to the model. Discussion The findings contribute to a better understanding of the career preferences of medical students with pre-qualifications. Previous experience may lead to the formation of a professional identity and community of practice (CoP) before medical school, which may also influence career preferences. To promote interest in rural medicine, medical schools could encourage interest in social and practical-technical activities within the curriculum and strengthen the profile of general practice.
The role of motivation in weight reduction programs for children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a systematic review
2025-07-09

Abstract Purpose Obesity and overweight in children and adolescents are a growing concern. Treatments should be multidisciplinary, address the whole family and contain aspects of motivation. Motivation is a well-known impact factor in medical treatment but its role in the treatment of pediatric obesity is not clear. This systematic review aims to analyze the role of motivation by summarizing theoretical frameworks and synthesizing effects of weight reduction programs that assessed motivation as either outcome or predictor. Methods This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane) were searched, findings were screened by two authors and assessed according to pre-determined criteria. Risk of bias was assessed with the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies by the Effective Public Health Practice Project. Results 1899 studies were found, whereof 32 were included. The most commonly used theoretical frameworks were the Transtheoretical Model and Self-Determination Theory. In 18 of the included studies, motivation was assessed as outcome. In most of them, motivation increased towards the end of the weight reduction program. 15 studies used motivation to predict different outcome variables, however, with no conclusive evidence on the predictive power of motivation on different outcomes. Conclusion Motivation can be enhanced over the course of a weight reduction program, mainly in pediatric patients. The predictive power of motivation on different outcomes is still not clear due to the heterogeneity of included studies. More research is needed to implement the current findings in future pediatric weight reduction programs. Level of evidence : Level 1, systematic review.
Solar radiation determines host choice, larval feeding and survival throughout the life cycle of an endangered open forest butterfly
2025-07-10

Abstract Open forest butterfly species have declined rapidly across Central Europe in recent decades, probably associated with changes in forest management that have reduced the amount of sunlight reaching the forest floor. However, little is known about the actual effects of solar radiation on butterfly demography, that is, reproduction, development, and survival. Using the Southern White Admiral ( Limenitis reducta ) as a model species, our study is one of the first to examine the demographic rates of a butterfly under field conditions and the role of solar radiation and other habitat characteristics on survival throughout the life cycle. We studied female host selection by comparing host plants with and without oviposition, collected life table data from egg to imago, and studied the feeding activity of post‐diapause larvae in response to temperature and solar radiation with time‐lapse cameras. Solar radiation played a key role at almost every life stage of the species. Females preferentially selected the most sunlit microhabitats for oviposition, and overall larval survival from egg to imago was positively associated with solar radiation, thus confirming the preference‐performance hypothesis. Higher feeding activity of post‐diapause larvae and accelerated development at warm temperatures or high solar radiation intensities were likely explanations for the positive relationship between solar radiation and survival, which was strongest for post‐diapause larvae and pupae. Survival of post‐diapause larvae decreased with conspecific density, possibly related to increased parasitism and predation. Although habitat patch size was relatively weakly correlated with survival of individual life stages, we consistently observed a negative relationship, suggesting lower overall survival in larger habitat patches. The results underpin the use of demographic field studies and clearly demonstrate the key role of solar radiation in the larval habitats of forest butterflies. We derive recommendations for establishing and maintaining a dense network of sunlit habitat patches that will support the endangered L. reducta and likely many other open forest invertebrates.
IXPE Observations of the Blazar Mrk 501 in 2022: A Multiwavelength View
2025-07-10

Abstract The blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) was observed on three occasions over a 4-month period between 2022 March and 2022 July with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). In this paper, we report for the first time on the third IXPE observation, performed between 2022 July 9 and 12, during which IXPE detected a linear polarization degree of ΠX = 6 ± 2 per cent at a polarization angle, measured east of north, of ΨX = 143○ ± 11○ within the 2 – 8 keV X-ray band. The X-ray polarization angle and degree during this observation are consistent with those obtained during the first two observations. The chromaticity of the polarization across radio, optical, and X-ray bands is likewise consistent with the result from the simultaneous campaigns during the first two observations. Furthermore, we present two types of models to explain the observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and energy-resolved polarization: a synchrotron self-Compton model with an anisotropic magnetic field probability distribution in the emitting volume, as well as an energy-stratified shock model. Our results support both the shock scenario as well as support that small levels of magnetic field anisotropy can explain the observed polarization.
The time course of task 2 response activation in dual-tasking: Modeling results, interindividual differences, and practical recommendations.
2025-07-10

In dual-task experiments, overlapping response characteristics of two successive tasks affect performance not only in Task 2 but also in Task 1. This observation is termed the backward crosstalk effect and is often explained by activated Task 2 response information influencing Task 1 response selection. In the present study, we describe and evaluate three diffusion models that specify Task 2 response activation as either linear, asymptotic, or pulse-like. Formal model comparisons and a parameter recovery suggest that linear Task 2 response activation is most accurate for most individuals. However, we also highlight the potential role of individual differences, as a pulse-like Task 2 response activation function may better describe a subset of individuals. Finally, we provide practical recommendations for researchers on how to fit the backward crosstalk effect in the larger context of dual-tasking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Counseling prior to cfDNA screening: are we giving the right numbers?
2025-07-10

cfDNA screening is an excellent screening test for the most common trisomies. However, counseling prior to the screening test is essential. Our study provides useful numbers which can be used for this purpose.
Because of Sin, Hunger or Witchcraft: Moral, Religious, and Physiological Disease Etiologies in Jewish Late Antique Texts
2025-07-10

Abstract The bewildering mixture of various types of knowledge (e.g. astrology/astronomy, divination, magic, physiognomy, biology, geography etc.) and religious or legal discussion in Jewish late antique literature (Talmudic tradition) has triggered in earlier scholarship maximalist and minimalist positions. While some saw scientific ideas as always subdued to theology or rabbinic legal thought (Halakhah), others were very eager to interpret these passages as proof for the true scientific nature of Talmudic texts and held that some rabbis were, in fact, expert physicians, astronomers or diviners. In my article I parse the discursive strategies of the Talmudic authors and seek to shed some light on the integration of medicine and other sciences into a rabbinic corpus commonly understood as religious and normative. Specifically, my inquiry aims at the juxtaposition of religious or moral diagnosis and disease etiologies that neatly intersect (or contradict) medical or physiological explanations of illnesses. Moreover, I study the role of rabbis who are portrayed both as medical experts and patients or practitioners who apply and discuss illness, health or therapies but also receive medical advice and experiment with various cures. Attention is paid to the discursive portrayal, the literary framing and the cultural strategies implied.
Polarimetric Wide‐Angle Radar Detects Competing Signatures of Ice Fabric and Structural Firn Anisotropy
2025-07-11

Abstract Ice is mechanically and dielectrically anisotropic. The degree of anisotropy evolves dynamically as ice crystals align during deformation into macroscopic patterns termed ice fabric. Radar polarimetry is an emerging tool to detect such patterns, particularly using nadir‐looking antenna geometries sensitive to horizontal anisotropy. Although theoretical studies discussed oblique incidence of radio waves to detect vertical anisotropy and relax the assumption of vertical fabric alignment, so far no data were available to test this. Here, we analyze a polarimetric common midpoint survey from Ekström Ice Shelf and develop a framework to invert all relevant ice fabric components. We find that our data not only detect the expected deep ice fabric, but are also significantly impacted by structural anisotropy of near‐surface firn. This has been neglected in previous studies and introduces tradeoffs between both effects in the inversion. It also opens up new possibilities for investigating firn with radar polarimetry.
A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Translation – Ideas for Fostering and Disseminating (Clinical) Translational Psychology
2025-07-11

Abstract: Although evidence-based psychological treatments have received wide recognition as established interventions for numerous conditions, challenges concerning their availability, efficacy, and dissemination remain. During the last decades, numerous fields in medicine have improved their treatments by adopting a translational perspective that integrates research from different basic and applied fields. Systematic meta-research does, however, show that only a minority of evidence-based treatments in clinical psychology are grounded in (or derived from) basic psychological research. To facilitate communication between clinical scientists and other psychologists, researchers from the University of Marburg conducted semi-structured interviews with spokespersons of different subfields of the German Psychological Society. From these interviews, recommendations, and ideas for improving translational psychology were collected. This integrative article is the result of an iterative consensus-building process with the interviewed experts. It summarizes insights and derives useful guidance for novel translational research projects. We discuss the opportunities and challenges of translational psychology and provide explicit instruction on how to transfer basic psychological research into applied research and vice versa. We provide recommendations regarding the incorporation of translational psychology into higher education curricula. Additionally, we explore ways to enhance scientific integrity and keep pace with rapid digital transformation in our field. Finally, we present a concise overview of science dissemination and explore how translational psychology contributes to the resolution of pressing (societal) issues.
Invasive disease‐free and overall survival after (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy in postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor‐positive, HER2‐negative early breast cancer treated with upfront letrozole: Experiences from the phase IV PreFace trial
2025-07-11

Abstract Patients with hormone receptor‐positive (HRpos), HER2‐negative (HER2neg) breast cancer (BC) benefit less from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) than patients with triple‐negative and HER2‐positive BC. In this retrospective analysis of the phase IV PreFace clinical trial (NCT01908556), where postmenopausal HRpos BC patients ( n = 3297) were treated with 5‐year upfront adjuvant letrozole therapy, we evaluated the prognosis of patients treated with adjuvant versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HRpos/HER2neg early‐stage BC. HRpos/HER2neg patients with information on (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy ( n = 2895) were retrospectively selected from all patients enrolled in the PreFace trial. Invasive disease‐free survival (iDFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between patient groups that were treated with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was given to 1051 patients (36.3% of all patients), of which 874 (83.2%) received adjuvant chemotherapy and 177 (16.8%) NACT. Pathologic complete response (pCR) rate in the NACT group was 6.9%. Patients treated with NACT had a worse outcome than those treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (5‐year iDFS rate 81% vs. 88%; 5‐year OS rate 89% vs. 93%). This effect was maintained after adjusting for age, BMI, lymph node status, grading, tumor size, and histology (hazard ratio for iDFS: 1.95 (95%CI: 1.28–2.95); hazard ratio for OS: 2.13 (95%CI: 1.24–3.66)). Further adjustment for taxane‐based regimes did not alter results. In conclusion, in this retrospective analysis of patients with early‐stage HRpos/HER2neg BC, patients with NACT had a more unfavorable prognosis than patients treated adjuvantly, independent of patient and tumor characteristics. Prognosis of neoadjuvant patients might be affected by resistance mechanisms, warranting further investigation.
ABCA4-associated disease in childhood and adolescence– a phenotype study
2025-07-11

Key Messages What is known So far, observational studies have primarily examined adults and have used these findings to define endpoints for interventional studies, which also serve as a reference for interventional studies in children Most clinical trials currently use the measurement of definitely decreased autofluorescence What is new We have closely examined the variability of Stargardt disease in children Our results suggest that the same inclusion criteria and endpoints used for adults should not be applied to children, e.g. definitely decreased autofluorescence is not suitable in pediatric cohorts because it has only a very low prevalence
Liebeslyrik und Gesellschaftskritik?
2025-07-11

Contemporary love poetry is rarely analysed from a political or social perspective beyond the gender order. This paper uses current sociological theories to invite readers to reconsider this using the poetry of Kurt Drawert and Durs Grünbein as an example. Although the two GDR-socialised writers did not make a prominent political appearance after 1989/90, their poetry reveals an interweaving of romantic and sexual relationships with social structures, which allows a critique of late modern capitalism to emerge clearly.
Discovery of the First Highly Selective 1,4-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-3(2H)-one MKK4 Inhibitor
2025-07-11

Due to limited treatment options, liver failure remains a major challenge in modern medicine. With the validation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4, also known as MEK4 or MAP2K4) as a regulator of hepatocyte regeneration, a promising target for curative treatment of degenerative liver diseases was recently identified via in vivo RNAi experiments. The field of small molecules targeting MKK4 is of growing interest. Several MKK4 inhibitors with differing scaffolds are known, but few have reasonable selectivity profiles and drug-like properties. To further explore the space of drug-like MKK4 scaffolds, we performed a broad screening campaign and identified BI-D1870 as a promising candidate. The dihydropteridinone BI-D1870 is an unselective ribosomal S6 kinase inhibitor with broad off-target activity. In the study presented herein, we report a successful off-to-on target strategy that led to the development of highly selective 1,4-dihydropyrido[3,4-<i>b</i>]pyrazin-3(2H)-one inhibitors of MKK4.
Emotion Management as Key to Mental Health? Teachers’ Emotions and Support Systems
2025-07-11

In addition to recruiting new staff, retaining qualified teachers and supporting their mental well-being are becoming key priorities in German schools. One crucial factor associated with well-being is the use of emotion management. Given the emotional demands of the teaching profession, this study examines teachers’ strategies to manage their work-related emotions and the role of school-based support in maintaining mental health. The analysis is based on interviews with 51 primary and secondary school teachers in Germany, using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke. The results indicated that teachers employed various strategies to manage their emotions. In classroom settings, suppression—a response-focused strategy—was frequently used. Outside the classroom, teachers tended to seek emotional relief through attentional shifts and conversations with colleagues or family, which offer reassurance, cognitive reframing, and emotional release. The findings underscore the importance of a supportive school culture characterized by collegial exchange, supervision, counseling, and committed leadership. Such environments can reduce emotional strain and contribute significantly to teachers’ well-being. Implementing opportunities for consultation and collegial case discussion during working hours may represent a valuable investment in teacher retention, particularly in times of teacher shortages.