julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation of a Custom-Made Electromyographic Biofeedback System for Facial Rehabilitation
2022-03-04

Background In the rehabilitation of postoperative facial palsy, physical therapy is of paramount importance. However, in the early rehabilitation phase, voluntary movements are often limited, and thus, the motivation of patients is impacted. In these situations, biofeedback of facial electromyographic (EMG) signals enables the visual representation of the rehabilitation progress, even without apparent facial movements. In the present study, we designed and evaluated a custom-made EMG biofeedback system enabling cost-effective facial rehabilitation. Methods This prospective study describes a custom-made EMG system, consisting of a microcontroller board and muscle sensors, which was used to record the EMG of frontal and zygomatic facial muscles during frowning and smiling . First, the mean EMG amplitudes and movement onset detection rates (ACC) achieved with the custom-made EMG system were compared with a commercial EMG device in 12 healthy subjects. Subsequently, the custom-made device was applied to 12 patients with and without postoperative facial paresis after neurosurgical intervention. Here, the ratio [laterality index (LI)] between the mean EMG amplitude of the healthy and affected side was calculated and related to the facial function as measured by the House and Brackmann scale (H&amp;amp;B) ranging from 1 (normal) to 6 (total paralysis). Results In healthy subjects, a good correlation was measured between the mean EMG amplitudes of the custom-made and commercial EMG device for both frontal ( r = 0.84, p = 0.001) and zygomatic muscles ( r = 0.8, p = 0.002). In patients, the LI of the frontal and zygomatic muscles correlated significantly with the H&amp;amp;B ( r = −0.83, p = 0.001 and r = −0.65, p = 0.023). The ACC of the custom-made EMG system varied between 65 and 79% depending on the recorded muscle and cohort. Conclusion The present study demonstrates a good application potential of our custom-made EMG biofeedback device to detect facial EMG activity in healthy subjects as well as patients with facial palsies. There is a correlation between the electrophysiological measurements and the clinical outcome. Such a device might enable cost-efficient home-based facial EMG biofeedback. However, movement detection accuracy should be improved in future studies to reach ranges of commercial devices.
Two new Rhizobiales species isolated from root nodules of common sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) show different plant colonization strategies
2022-03-04

Abstract Root nodules of legume plants are primarily inhabited by rhizobial nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Here we propose two new Rhizobiales species isolated from root nodules of common sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia ), as shown by core-gene phylogeny, overall genome relatedness indices and pan-genome analysis. Mesorhizobium onobrychidis sp. nov., actively induces nodules, and achieves atmospheric nitrogen and carbon dioxide fixation. This species appears to be depleted in motility genes, and is enriched in genes for direct effects on plant growth performance. Its genome reveals functional and plant growth-promoting signatures like a large unique chromosomal genomic island with high density of symbiotic genetic traits. O nobrychidicola muellerharveyae gen. nov. sp. nov., is described as type species of the new genus O nobrychidicola in Rhizobiaceae . This species comprises unique genetic features and plant growth-promoting traits (PGPTs), which strongly indicate its function in biotic stress reduction and motility. We applied a newly developed bioinformatics approach for in silico prediction of PGPTs (PGPT-Pred), which supports the different lifestyles of the two new species and the plant growth-promoting performance of M. onobrychidis in the greenhouse trial.
Design and Analysis of the NIPS 2016 Review Process
2022-03-04

Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) is a top-tier annual conference in machine learning. The 2016 edition of the conference comprised more than 2,400 paper submissions, 3,000 reviewers, and 8,000 attendees. This represents a growth of nearly 40% in terms of submissions, 96% in terms of reviewers, and over 100% in terms of attendees as compared to the previous year. The massive scale as well as rapid growth of the conference calls for a thorough quality assessment of the peer-review process and novel means of improvement. In this paper, we analyze several aspects of the data collected during the review process, including an experiment investigating the efficacy of collecting ordinal rankings from reviewers. Our goal is to check the soundness of the review process, and provide insights that may be useful in the design of the review process of subsequent conferences.
Grid cells show field-to-field variability and this explains the aperiodic response of inhibitory interneurons
2022-03-04

Research on network mechanisms and coding properties of grid cells assume that the firing rate of a grid cell in each of its fields is the same. Furthermore, proposed network models predict spatial regularities in the firing of inhibitory interneurons that are inconsistent with experimental data. In this paper, by analyzing the response of grid cells recorded from rats during free navigation, we first show that there are strong variations in the mean firing rate of the fields of individual grid cells and thus show that the data is inconsistent with the theoretical models that predict similar peak magnitudes. We then build a two population excitatory-inhibitory network model in which sparse spatially selective input to the excitatory cells, presumed to arise from e.g. salient external stimuli, hippocampus or a combination of both, leads to the variability in the firing field amplitudes of grid cells. We show that, when combined with appropriate connectivity between the excitatory and inhibitory neurons, the variability in the firing field amplitudes of grid cells results in inhibitory neurons that do not exhibit regular spatial firing, consistent with experimental data. Finally, we show that even if the spatial positions of the fields are maintained, variations in the firing rates of the fields of grid cells are enough to cause remapping of hippocampal cells.
Computing tropical varieties over fields with valuation
2022-03-04

We show how tropical varieties of ideals I over a field K with non-trivial valuation can be traced back to tropical varieties of ideals in R[[t]][x] over some dense subring R in its ring of integers. Moreover, for homogeneous ideals, we present algorithms on how the latter can be computed in finite time, provided that generators are polynomial in t. While doing so, we also comment on the computation of the Groebner polytope structure and p-adic Groebner bases using our framework. All algorithms solely rely on existing standard basis techniques.
Mustafin varieties, moduli spaces and tropical geometry
2022-03-04

Mustafin varieties are flat degenerations of projective spaces, induced by a choice of an tuple of lattices in a vector space over a non-archimedean field. They were introduced by Mustafin in the 70s in order to generalise Mumford's groundbreaking work on the unformisation of curves to higher dimension. These varieties have a rich combinatorial structure as can be seen in pioneering work of Cartwright, Häbich, Sturmfels and Werner. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to Mustafin varieties in terms of images of rational maps, which were studied by Li. Applying tropical intersection theory and tropical convex hull computations, we use this method to give a new combinatorial description of the irreducible components of the special fibers of Mustafin varieties. This enables connections to various topics. In particular, we see that any multiview variety appears as an irreducible component of the special fiber of some Mustafin variety. Furthermore, we use an interpretation of Mustafin varieties as a moduli functor introduced by Faltings to relate them to certain moduli functors, called linked Grassmannians. These objects are featured in limit linear series theory. The focal point of study regarding linked Grassmannians are so-called \\textit{simple points}. As a direct consequence of the new combinatorial description of Mustafin varieties, we prove that the simple points of linked Grassmannians are dense in every fiber. Finally, we use the connection to linked Grassmannians, to relate the special fibers of Mustafin varieties to certain local models of unitary Shimura varieties.
Regular Separability of Parikh Automata
2022-03-04

We investigate a subclass of languages recognized by vector addition systems, namely languages of nondeterministic Parikh automata. While the regularity problem (is the language of a given automaton regular?) is undecidable for this model, we show surprising decidability of the regular separability problem: given two Parikh automata, is there a regular language that contains one of them and is disjoint from the other?
Convergence Analysis of Deterministic Kernel-Based Quadrature Rules in Misspecified Settings
2022-03-04

This paper presents a convergence analysis of kernel-based quadrature rules in misspecified settings, focusing on deterministic quadrature in Sobolev spaces. In particular, we deal with misspecified settings where a test integrand is less smooth than a Sobolev RKHS based on which a quadrature rule is constructed. We provide convergence guarantees based on two different assumptions on a quadrature rule: one on quadrature weights, and the other on design points. More precisely, we show that convergence rates can be derived (i) if the sum of absolute weights remains constant (or does not increase quickly), or (ii) if the minimum distance between design points does not decrease very quickly. As a consequence of the latter result, we derive a rate of convergence for Bayesian quadrature in misspecified settings. We reveal a condition on design points to make Bayesian quadrature robust to misspecification, and show that, under this condition, it may adaptively achieve the optimal rate of convergence in the Sobolev space of a lesser order (i.e., of the unknown smoothness of a test integrand), under a slightly stronger regularity condition on the integrand.
On Optimal 2- and 3-Planar Graphs
2022-03-04

A graph is -planar if it can be drawn in the plane such that no edge is crossed more than times. While for , optimal -planar graphs, i.e., those with vertices and exactly edges, have been completely characterized, this has not been the case for . For and , upper bounds on the edge density have been developed for the case of simple graphs by Pach and Tóth, Pach et al. and Ackerman, which have been used to improve the well-known "Crossing Lemma". Recently, we proved that these bounds also apply to non-simple - and -planar graphs without homotopic parallel edges and self-loops. In this paper, we completely characterize optimal - and -planar graphs, i.e., those that achieve the aforementioned upper bounds. We prove that they have a remarkably simple regular structure, although they might be non-simple. The new characterization allows us to develop notable insights concerning new inclusion relationships with other graph classes.
Photon-photon and photon-hadron processes in Pythia 8
2022-03-04

We present a new implementation of photoproduction processes in e+e- and ep collisions into Pythia 8 Monte-Carlo event-generator. In particular we discuss how the parton showers and multiparton interactions are generated with a resolved photon beam and what is the relative contribution from direct processes in different kinematical regions. As an application we show comparisons to data for charged-particle production in e+e- and ep collisions at LEP and HERA. We consider also photoproduction of dijets comparing to data for ep collisions at HERA and discuss about possibility to further constrain nuclear PDFs with ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions at the LHC.
Genetic variation in human drug-related genes
2022-03-04

Variability in drug efficacy and adverse effects are observed in clinical practice. While the extent of genetic variability in classical pharmacokinetic genes is rather well understood, the role of genetic variation in drug targets is typically less studied. Based on 60,706 human exomes from the ExAC dataset, we performed an in-depth computational analysis of the prevalence of functional-variants in in 806 drug-related genes, including 628 known drug targets. We find that most genetic variants in these genes are very rare (f &lt; 0.1%) and thus likely not observed in clinical trials. Overall, however, four in five patients are likely to carry a functional-variant in a target for commonly prescribed drugs and many of these might alter drug efficacy. We further computed the likelihood of 1,236 FDA approved drugs to be affected by functional-variants in their targets and show that the patient-risk varies for many drugs with respect to geographic ancestry. A focused analysis of oncological drug targets indicates that the probability of a patient carrying germline variants in oncological drug targets is with 44% high enough to suggest that not only somatic alterations, but also germline variants carried over into the tumor genome should be included in therapeutic decision-making.
Non-equilibrium almost-stationary states and linear response for gapped quantum systems
2022-03-04

We prove the validity of linear response theory at zero temperature for perturbations of gapped Hamiltonians describing interacting fermions on a lattice. As an essential innovation, our result requires the spectral gap assumption only for the unperturbed Hamiltonian and applies to a large class of perturbations that close the spectral gap. Moreover, we prove formulas also for higher order response coefficients. Our justification of linear response theory is based on a novel extension of the adiabatic theorem to situations where a time-dependent perturbation closes the gap. According to the standard version of the adiabatic theorem, when the perturbation is switched on adiabatically and as long as the gap does not close, the initial ground state evolves into the ground state of the perturbed operator. The new adiabatic theorem states that for perturbations that are either slowly varying potentials or small quasi-local operators, once the perturbation closes the gap, the adiabatic evolution follows non-equilibrium almost-stationary states (NEASS) that we construct explicitly.
On Vertex- and Empty-Ply Proximity Drawings
2022-03-04

We initiate the study of the vertex-ply of straight-line drawings, as a relaxation of the recently introduced ply number. Consider the disks centered at each vertex with radius equal to half the length of the longest edge incident to the vertex. The vertex-ply of a drawing is determined by the vertex covered by the maximum number of disks. The main motivation for considering this relaxation is to relate the concept of ply to proximity drawings. In fact, if we interpret the set of disks as proximity regions, a drawing with vertex-ply number 1 can be seen as a weak proximity drawing, which we call empty-ply drawing. We show non-trivial relationships between the ply number and the vertex-ply number. Then, we focus on empty-ply drawings, proving some properties and studying what classes of graphs admit such drawings. Finally, we prove a lower bound on the ply and the vertex-ply of planar drawings.
Applicability and limits of simple hydrodynamic scaling for collisions of water-rich bodies in different mass regimes
2022-03-04

We investigate the outcome of collisions in very different mass regimes, but an otherwise identical parameter setup, comprising the impact velocity ( ), impact angle, mass ratio, and initial composition, w.r.t. simple hydrodynamic scaling. The colliding bodies' masses range from to kg, which includes km-sized planetesimals up to planetary-sized objects. Our analysis of the results comprises the time evolution of fragment masses, the fragments' water contents and fragment dynamics, where we start with bodies consisting of basalt and water ice. The usual assumption of hydrodynamic scaling over a wider range of masses is based on material behavior similar to a fluid, or a rubble pile, respectively. All our simulations are carried out once including full solid-body physics, and once for strengthless - but otherwise identical - bodies, to test for the influence of material strength. We find that scale-invariance over a wider range of masses is mostly only a very crude approximation at best, but can be applied to constrained mass ranges if tested carefully. For the chosen scenarios the outcomes of solid-body objects compared to strengthless fluid bodies differ most for our intermediate masses, but are similar for the lowest and highest masses. The most energetic, planet-sized collisions produce considerably faster and more fragments, which is also reflected in high water losses - above 50 percent in a single collision.
Universal Slope Sets for 1-Bend Planar Drawings
2022-03-04

We describe a set of slopes that are universal for 1-bend planar drawings of planar graphs of maximum degree ; this establishes a new upper bound of on the 1-bend planar slope number. By universal we mean that every planar graph of degree has a planar drawing with at most one bend per edge and such that the slopes of the segments forming the edges belong to the given set of slopes. This improves over previous results in two ways: Firstly, the best previously known upper bound for the 1-bend planar slope number was (the known lower bound being ); secondly, all the known algorithms to construct 1-bend planar drawings with slopes use a different set of slopes for each graph and can have bad angular resolution, while our algorithm uses a universal set of slopes, which also guarantees that the minimum angle between any two edges incident to a vertex is .
Constructing polynomial systems with many positive solutions using tropical geometry
2022-03-04

The number of positive solutions of a system of two polynomials in two variables defined in the field of real numbers with a total of five distinct monomials cannot exceed 15. All previously known examples have at most 5 positive solutions. Tropical geometry is a powerful tool to construct polynomial systems with many positive solutions. The classical combinatorial patchworking method arises when the tropical hypersurfaces intersect transversally. In this paper, we prove that a system as above constructed using this method has at most 6 positive solutions. We also show that this bound is sharp. Moreover, using non-transversal intersections of tropical curves, we construct a system as above having 7 positive solutions.
Paul's Escape from Damascus (2 Cor 11.32–3) and the corona muralis
2022-03-04

Abstract It has been often suggested that Paul's escape from Damascus (2 Cor 11.32–3) alludes to the corona muralis , a Roman military award originally given to the first soldier to surmount the enemy wall during a siege. This article evaluates this hypothesis, employing an extensive range of ancient references to the corona muralis to determine where relevant passages from Second Corinthians (10.3–5; 11.30–3) may signal an allusion to the corona muralis .
Front Cover: Andrographolide Derivatives Target the KEAP1/NRF2 Axis and Possess Potent Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Activity (ChemMedChem 5/2022)
2022-03-04

The Front Cover illustrates the natural product andrographolide, which modulates the abundance of the transcription factor NRF2, a substrate of the E3 ligase KEAP1. Previous studies identified that this drug possessed anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, but the mechanism of action remained unclear. The authors designed and synthesized novel andrographolide derivatives with a functional site to fine-tune physicochemical properties and for linker attachment. The team assayed this new set of compounds in a cell-based NRF2 reporter gene assay and determined their ability to decrease infectivity of virus-treated Vero-E6 cells. Data showed that NRF2 activation by compounds and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication correlated well. The study opens new avenues to investigate natural products that target the KEAP1/NRF2 axis as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. More information can be found in the Research Article by Christian Steinebach et al.
Allegories of Light and Fire: Ignatian Effigies Painted on Copper
2022-03-04

Abstract This article examines two small portraits of Ignatius of Loyola painted on copper between 1598 and 1622. Rather than focusing on the true likeness of the founder of the Jesuits, it sheds light on the neglected early history of the Ignatius- ignis pun, according to which his name is juxtaposed with the Latin word for fire. For this purpose, the article connects to the growing interest in the materiality of art. In contrast to traditional supports, the use of copper generates extraordinarily brilliant pictorial effects. This “magical” production of light plays, I argue, a crucial role in representing both Pedro Ribadeneyra’s account of Ignatius’s fiery physiology and Filippo Neri’s report concerning Ignatius’s supernatural splendor. However, the presence of light is no metaphor of the divine but is closely related to the contemporary physics and metaphysics of light. With Francesco Patrizi da Cherso in mind, the portraits can be construed as allegories of light and fire.
Validity of chronotype questionnaires in adolescents: Correlations with actigraphy
2022-03-05

Summary There are only a few validated chronotype and morningness–eveningness questionnaires for adolescents. We evaluated three such questionnaires, namely Morningness–Eveningness Stability Scale improved; reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents; and Composite Scale of Morningness in adolescents against actigraphy. Fifty‐five healthy 13‐ to 16‐year‐old adolescents completed the Morningness–Eveningness Stability Scale improved, reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, Composite Scale of Morningness, and Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale, and provided a 7‐day actigraphy and sleep diary recording about their sleep–wake patterns. We examined the correlations between sleep–wake and activity parameters, and the questionnaires. The influence of age and sex on chronotype classification was studied using uni‐ and multivariate analyses. All three chronotype questionnaires showed good internal consistency and convergent validity. Spearman correlations reflected less daytime sleepiness, earlier sleep times, midpoints of sleep, and acrophase in morning‐oriented participants. Evening‐oriented participants had more sleepiness and later respective sleep–wake times. Chronotype classification differed significantly between questionnaires. The Composite Scale of Morningness classified more participants as morning types when compared with the reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (12 versus 7, respectively), and fewer adolescents as evening types (5 versus 9, respectively). Age and sex had no significant influence on questionnaire scores. The Morningness–Eveningness Stability Scale improved, reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, and Composite Scale of Morningness are valid instruments to determine circadian preference in adolescents; however, chronotype classification from the Composite Scale of Morningness and reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents cannot be used interchangeably.