julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Carbon catabolite repression by the catabolite control protein CcpA in Staphylococcus xylosus.
2002-05-01

Carbon catabolic repression (CR) by the catabolite control protein CcpA has been analyzed in Staphylococcus xylosus. Genes encoding components needed to utilize lactose, sucrose, and maltose were found to be repressed by CcpA. In addition, the ccpA gene is under negative autogenous control. Among several tested sugars, glucose caused strongest CcpA-dependent repression. Glucose can enter S. xylosus in nonphosphorylated form via the glucose uptake protein GlcU. Internal glucose is then phosphorylated by the glucose kinase GlkA. Alternatively, glucose can be transported and concomitantly phosphorylated by glucose-specific permease(s) of the phosphotransferase system (PTS). S. xylosus mutant strains deficient in GlcU or GlkA showed partial relief of glucose-specific, CcpA-dependent repression. Likewise, blocking PTS activity completely by inactivation of the gene encoding the general PTS protein enzyme I resulted in diminished glucose-mediated repression. Thus, both glucose entry routes contribute to glucose-specific CR in S. xylosus. The sugar transport activity of the PTS is not required to trigger glucose-specific repression. The phosphocarrier protein HPr however, is absolutely essential for CcpA activity. Inactivation of the HPr gene led to a complete loss of CR. Repression is also abolished upon inactivation of the HPr kinase gene or by replacing serine at position 46 of HPr by alanine. These results clearly show that HPr kinase provides the signal, seryl-phosphorylated HPr, to activate CcpA in S. xylosus.
Prediction of axial length on the basis of vitreous body length and lens thickness
2002-05-01

This study yielded an easy-to-use formula for predicting the axial length using the vitreous body length and the patient's sex. The remaining error in prediction is likely to be the result of patient heterogeneity in age, ocular globe size, and lens thickness (cataract formation). Good prediction of the axial length is important to refractive outcomes to distinguish corneal myopia from axial length myopia to choose grafts and the opening size in penetrating keratoplasty. Further studies to detect a clinically relevant improvement in such outcomes are required to assess the utility of the prediction formula.
Age dependency of renal function in CD-1 mice
2002-05-01

Renal function was studied in mice of different ages. In metabolic cage experiments, the renal electrolyte excretion was similar in young ( n = 8; 5- to 7-wk-old) and adult ( n = 6; 20- to 22-wk-old) CD-1 (ICR) BR mice, whereas spontaneous drinking volume and urinary flow rate were significantly higher in the adult compared with the young mice. Subsequently, the renal functional reserve was investigated by amino acid (AA) infusion (10%) in anesthetized young ( n = 8) and adult ( n= 6) mice. Because the body weight of adult mice was significantly higher than that of young animals, one group of adult mice ( n = 8) received 12.5% AA to ensure that the dose of AA related to body weight was similar in both groups. Young animals constantly infused with Ringer solution served as time controls ( n = 8). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at baseline was similar in each group. Because of AA, GFR significantly increased in young mice but not in both groups of adult animals, whereas in time controls GFR remained constant. Urinary flow rate and sodium excretion were elevated by AA in young and adult mice. We conclude that in CD-1 mice the first signs of age-related changes in kidney function concern alterations in renal hemodynamics, whereas renal tubular function appears to be preserved.
Fetal operations in the head and neck area: current state
2002-05-01

Background Fetal surgery is defined as prenatal surgical intervention. Such intervention is currently considered in selected cases of fetal malformations that endanger the child's life prenatally or postnatally, such as death or severe impairment. Methods Current indications are reviewed, with special emphasis on success rates and complications, including concomitant ethical problems. Data sources are based on personal experience and medical information systems (especially MEDLINE). Results and Conclusions In the head and neck areas, especially the upper respiratory tract, such procedures can be indicated in selected cases. They include exposure and temporary obstruction of the fetal trachea to reduce the viscera and to prevent pulmonary hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia, prenatal tracheotomy in laryngeal atresia, and intranatal establishment of an airway in airway-obstructing embryonic tumors. The latter surgery can be performed after delivery of the fetal head and neck and before umbilical cord severance. This method ensures oxygenation of the fetus by the maternofetal circulation until completion of the surgical intervention (so called EXIT procedure = Ex-Utero Intrapartum Treatment). The relatively high surgical risk of fetal surgery, in particular postoperative preterm labor, may be reduced by the use of minimally invasive endoscopic techniques. By reducing operative risks even further, prenatal surgical interventions may even be used in nonlethal conditions. Consequently, more diseases of the head and neck area could thus be included in the spectrum of indications, such as prenatal correction of the cleft lip palate. Because fetal wound healing incurs no scarring up to a certain stage in pregnancy, such fetal surgical correction could be a perspective. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 482–490, 2002
Portal server technology
2002-05-01

To provide a consistent experience for customers, most Web site developers must integrate existing content with new content, server-side applications, and Web-based services. Increasingly, even basic sites are becoming more like traditional portals-a single, integrated point of access to information, applications, and people. Portals integrate diverse interaction channels at a central point, providing comprehensive context and an aggregated view across all information. Portals are largely based on existing Web application technology, such as Web servers and Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE). I present an overview of portal types and services, followed by a more detailed examination of portal-specific components and architectures.
Heart-Rate Variability (HRV) in the ECG Trace of Routine EEGs: Fast Monitoring for the Anticholinergic Effects of Clozapine and Olanzapine?
2002-05-01

Drug monitoring in psychiatry usually serves psychoactive drug plasma concentration measurement. Anticholinergic properties offer a faster approach to monitoring pharmacodynamic intraindividual effects of the drug by measuring their effects on heart rate variability (HRV), which is sympathetically and parasympathetically controlled via cholinergic synapses. The plasma concentrations of the atypical antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine correlated with parameters of HRV in 59 patients suffering from schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. HRV during 4 minutes at rest was extracted from the ECG trace of a routine digital EEG registration in addition to blood sampling for plasma concentration measurement (HPLC method). We calculated sympathetically and parasympathetically controlled heart frequency bands (low, medium and high frequency) and other HRV parameters, coefficient of variation (CV), and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). All HRV parameters were significantly more impaired in clozapine patients (n = 33, mean clozapine plasma concentration 331 +/- 294 ng/ml) than in olanzapine patients (n = 26, mean olanzapine plasma concentration 42 +/- 32 ng/ml) and demonstrated 1.7 - 4.8 times the cardiac anticholinergic properties of clozapine in vivo. 14 out of 14 patients with a CV beyond 3.2 % had clozapine plasma concentrations below the proposed optimal therapeutic concentration of 350 ng/ml. All HRV parameters were inversely and significantly correlated with the clozapine plasma concentrations (such as lgCV: r = - 0.73, p < 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, with the olanzapine plasma concentrations (lgCV r = - 0.44, p < 0.05). These results underline the potential clinical value of HRV parameter extraction from routine ECGs in predicting plasma concentrations and objective individual neurocardiac effects of drugs with anticholinergic properties.
VIQTORYA – A Visual Query Tool for Syntactically Annotated Corpora
2002-05-01

From the picture of the cerebral disturbances of movement, the basically possible psychic sequelae are derived and psychodiagnostic problems and possibilities for the appraisal of the developmental stage and the intelligence of early registered children with cerebral disturbances of movement are discussed.
Metabolic Characterization of a Woman Homozygous for the Ser113Leu Missense Mutation in Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II
2002-05-01

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) II is a key enzyme in transporting FFA into the mitochondrial matrix for beta oxidation. The clinical manifestation of CPT II deficiency is characterized mainly by myopathic symptoms. Conceivably, the inability of skeletal muscle to oxidize (long-chain) FFAs could also have far-reaching metabolic consequences, such as insulin resistance secondary to increased muscle lipids, about which relatively little is known. We therefore performed a series of metabolic studies in a 43-yr-old woman homozygous for the Ser113Leu mutation in the CPT II gene, the single most common genetic cause of CPT II deficiency, and compared the results with data from a male and female control group taken from the Tübingen family study database. The metabolic studies included oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity, indirect calorimetry to measure substrate oxidation, stable isotopes for determination of glycerol turnover, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy for measurement of intramyocellular lipids. Compared with the female control group, the patient was normal glucose tolerant but severely insulin resistant, basal lipolysis was markedly reduced, and carbohydrate oxidation was maximally increased in the basal state and did not increase further during insulin stimulation. Conversely, lipid oxidation was virtually absent and did not decrease during insulin stimulation. Surprisingly, intramyocellular lipids were well within the range of the control group. In conclusion, genetic CPT II deficiency is characterized by insulin resistance, which is not explained by increased intramyomellular lipids. However, it may be partially explained by glucose oxidation already maximally increased in the basal state, which cannot be increased any further by insulin. Reduced basal lipolysis may represent a compensatory mechanism for the reduced oxidative FFA disposal characteristic for this disease.
Additions to the Rust Fungi of Argentina
2002-05-01

A contribution is made to the rust fungus flora of Argentina: Puccinia baccharidis-boliviensis, P. cordyceps, P. pucarae, and Aecidium hypseocharidicola are described as new species. Cionothrix praelonga, Frommeëlla mexicana var. mexicana, Phakopsora compressa, Prospodium peruvianum, Puccinia amphiospora, P. chaetochloae, P. liabi, P. pappophori, P. sanguinolenta, P. subaquila, Ravenelia havanensis, Uredo leonuri, Uromyces orbicularis, and U. cnidoscoli are new reports for Argentina. New observations on already known species were made: the aecia of Puccinia subaquila and aecia and uredinia of Uromyces cnidoscoli are described for the first time. Senecio hieronymi is a new host for Puccinia lagenophorae. Uredo leonuri belongs to the genus Coleosporium. Melilotus albus is a new host of Uromyces anthyllidis in Argentina.
Studies on the root associations of the truffle Terfezia terfezioides
2002-05-01

The paper contains an overview of the results of the studies made on the truffle Terfezia terfezioides , particularly the investigations related to the associations of this fungus with plants. Twelve plant species originated from a natural habitat of the fungus were supposed to be connected with T. terfezioides based on the anatomy of the endogenous fungal structures in their roots. Aseptic experiments were carried out on modified MMN substrates with different phosphate concentrations to study the interaction of T. terfezioides with Robinia pseudoacacia and Helianthemum ovatum . The colonization of the roots of black locust was always weaker than that of Helianthemum . The main characteristics were the intracellular coiled, branched, frequently septated hyphae in dead root cells. The intercellular hyphae formed Hartig-net with finger like structures only in Helianthemum . the interactions could not be considered unambiguously as mycorrhizae. There was no difference between the RFLP profiles of the nr DNA ITS of nineteen fruit bodies collected at the same time from the habitat and the ITS of three randomly chosen specimens were identical on sequence level, too. These invariability makes to design species specific PCR primers possible to check unambiguously the host plants.
Additions to the rust fungi of Argentina
2002-05-01

A contribution is made to the rust fungus flora of Argentina: Puccinia baccharidis-boliviensis, P. cordyceps, P. pucarae, and Aecidium hypseocharidicola are described as new species. Cionothrix praelonga, Frommeëlla mexicana var. mexicana, Phakopsora compressa, Prospodium peruvianum, Puccinia amphiospora, P. chaetochloae, P. liabi, P. pappophori, P. sanguinolenta, P. subaquila, Ravenelia havanensis, Uredo leonuri, Uromyces orbicularis, and U. cnidoscoli are new reports for Argentina. New observations on already known species were made: the aecia of Puccinia subaquila and aecia and uredinia of Uromyces cnidoscoli are described for the first time. Senecio hieronymi is a new host for Puccinia lagenophorae. Uredo leonuri belongs to the genus Coleosporium. Melilotus albus is a new host of Uromyces anthyllidis in Argentina.
Transition Metal Complexes of Derivatized Chiral Dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6-ones, Part IV [1]. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Copper(II) Complex of (L)-3-Acetyl-5-benzyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6-one Oxime
2002-05-01

Reaction of (L)-3-acetyl-5-benzyl-1-phenyl-4,5,-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine-6-one oxime (1) with copper acetate afforded the complex 5 in high yield. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis of 5 revealed a square-pyramidal geometry around the copper ion where the two oxime ligands are coordinated symmetrically to the Cu atom. The apex of the square-pyramid is occupied by a chloride ligand with the copper atom roofed above the center of the plane of the four coordinating nitrogens by about 0.22 Å . MS-FAB, magnetic and other analytical data are in accord with this solid-state structure.
Heterorepetobasidium, a New Genus in the Auriculariales
2002-05-01

A new genus, Heterorepetobasidium, is proposed to accommodate two new species, H. subglobosum and H. ellipsoideum, recently collected in Taiwan. These species have apically, partially septate basidia, strongly swollen sterigmata, and repetobasidia. The systematics of the new taxa and related ones, inclusive of Ceratobasidium and the Ceratobasidiaceae, are reinterpreted.
Characterization and functional analysis of granulocyte concentrates collected from donors after repeated G–CSF stimulation
2002-05-01

BACKGROUND : Neutropenic patients often develop bacterial or fungal infections not responding to broad‐spectrum antibacterial or antifungal agents. Clinical efforts were made with transfusion of granulocyte concentrates; however, functions of granulocytes after multiple G–CSF stimulations and after apheresis are not yet investigated and described sufficiently. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : The aim of this study was to characterize functional and immunologic variables of granulocytes in blood samples drawn from donors before and after each stimulation episode with G–CSF, in the resulting granulocyte concentrates and in the patients 8 hours after transfusion. RESULTS : Chemotaxis was not influenced, neither by G–CSF application nor by apheresis. Multiple G–CSF stimulations enhanced oxidative burst and phagocytosis of Escherichia coli in donor granulocytes. These values returned to basal levels in granulocyte concentrates. Expression of granulocytic surface antigens was downregulated after application of G–CSF but returned to normal and in part enhanced values in concentrates. A clinically relevant increase of proinflammatory cytokines could not be detected. Leukotriene B 4 production was reduced after the fourth G–CSF stimulation in the donor blood and enhanced in the granulocyte concentrate after apheresis. Results in recipients indicate that changes of granulocyte function noted in concentrates were only transient. CONCLUSION : Stimulation of healthy donors with repeated G–CSF injections and subsequent granulocyte apheresis does not dramatically change decisive functions of granulocytes.
Effects of Malnutrition on the Expression of Daintain/AIF‐1 in the Gut Mucosa of Pigs
2002-05-01

The allograft inflammatory factor (AIF‐1/daintain) is a hormone‐like peptide produced by activated monocytic cells in a variety of traumatic, inflammatory and degenerative lesions. Gut‐derived AIF‐1 has been shown to modulate insulin production and to attenuate autoimmune diabetes. As the localization of this gastrointestinal peptide in the porcine duodenum is not known and the pig is a convenient model for the study of nutritional modulation of the mucosal immune compartment, we have localized expression of AIF‐1 by immunohistology in the duodenum of either malnourished (energy and protein supply 50% of demands, n =5) or optimally fed pigs ( n =5). AIF‐1 macrophages were predominantly located at the villus tip. The number of positively stained cells per high‐power field was significantly ( P ≤ 0.001) higher in the malnourished pigs (74.6 ± 2.44; least square means ± SEM) compared to optimally fed pigs (32.56 ± 1.99). It is likely that the effect in malnourished pigs can be explained by a more pronounced antigen contact of macrophages due to loss of epithelial integrity. Thus, AIF‐1 is a novel marker for the study of the nutritional regulation of the mucosal immune system of the pig. AIF‐1 expression in the duodenum was further validated by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Surprisingly, we detected a slight deviation from the original sequence (probably representing an allelic variation) and an AIF‐1 splice variant, previously not known to occur in pigs.
A Hybrid Architecture for Robust Parsing of German.
2002-05-01

This paper provides an overview of current research on a hybrid and robust parsing architecture for the morphological, syntactic and semantic annotation of German text corpora. The novel contribution of this research lies not in the individual parsing modules, each of which relies on state-of-the-art algorithms and techniques. Rather what is new about the present approach is the combination of these modules into a single architecture. This combination provides a means to significantly optimize the performance of each component, resulting in an increased accuracy of annotation.
Unequivocal structural assignment of steroids in galenic emulsions employing HPLC-nMR coupling
2002-05-01

The structural identity of two steroidal components in the low μg range of a pharmaceutical gel was determined by a rapid and efficient analytical method employing on-line HPLC-NMR coupling. The chromatographic separation conditions were optimised towards the requirements of on-line 1H NMR detection, employing a tailored C30 column together with a gradient elution of a methanol/D2O mixture. Stopped-flow 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectra of the investigated chromatographic peaks unequivocally revealed the structure of the corresponding steroids norethisterone acetate and estradiol.
Heterorepetobasidium, a new genus in the Auriculariales
2002-05-01

A new genus, Heterorepetobasidium, is proposed to accommodate two new species, H. subglobosum and H. ellipsoideum, recently collected in Taiwan. These species have apically, partially septate basidia, strongly swollen sterigmata, and repetobasidia. The systematics of the new taxa and related ones, inclusive of Ceratobasidium and the Ceratobasidiaceae, are reinterpreted.
UNCONTROLLED EXPIRATORY PEAK-FLOW DURING INTENSIVE EXERCISE IN COLD AIR
2002-05-01

Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) has high prevalence among athletes. A decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after exercise is commonly used to assess airway function. PURPOSE: How far the flow rate of free breathing is affected during exercise is uncertain. METHODS: We examined 10 subjects with prediagnosed EIA (AG, age 27.2 ± 8.3 years) and a control group (CG, n = 10, age 24.6 ± 4.3 years). All subjects underwent a treadmill test at 120% of their individual anaerobic threshold up to exhaustion. Room temperature was cooled to 14°C by air conditioning. AG repeated the test 20' after inhalation of the long-acting β2-agonist bronchodilator salmeterol. Flow rate was continuously recorded by a turbine flow-meter. Maximal expiratory flow rate (peak-flow) was averaged offline from 10 consecutive breaths without additional breathing maneuvers during exercise. FEV1 was measured before, immediately, 3', 5', and 10' after exercise. RESULTS: Differences in test duration were not significant (AG without spray: 5.2 ± 1.6 min., AG with spray: 5.8 ± 1.75 min., CG 6.1 ± 1.5 min.). During exercise, 5 subjects of AG, but no subject of CG showed a decrease in peak-flow of 10% or more between 80 und 93% exercise duration. Application of salmeterol removed this phenomenon in all cases. After exercise, FEV1 decreased in 5 subjects of the AG, but for none in CG. Both criteria (FEV1 and peak-flow during exercise) coincided for 8 subjects. CONCLUSION: In asthmatic subjects, a decrease of peak-flow during exercise depicts an impairment of airway function. In contrast to FEV1, these inherent peak-flow measurements are independent from motivational aspects. Peak-flow measurements during exercise could be a helpful diagnostic supplementation in EIA.
Metabolic Characterization of a Woman Homozygous for the Ser113Leu Missense Mutation in Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase II
2002-05-01

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) II is a key enzyme in transporting FFA into the mitochondrial matrix for β oxidation. The clinical manifestation of CPT II deficiency is characterized mainly by myopathic symptoms. Conceivably, the inability of skeletal muscle to oxidize (long-chain) FFAs could also have far-reaching metabolic consequences, such as insulin resistance secondary to increased muscle lipids, about which relatively little is known. We therefore performed a series of metabolic studies in a 43-yr-old woman homozygous for the Ser113Leu mutation in the CPT II gene, the single most common genetic cause of CPT II deficiency, and compared the results with data from a male and female control group taken from the Tübingen family study database. The metabolic studies included oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity, indirect calorimetry to measure substrate oxidation, stable isotopes for determination of glycerol turnover, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy for measurement of intramyocellular lipids. Compared with the female control group, the patient was normal glucose tolerant but severely insulin resistant, basal lipolysis was markedly reduced, and carbohydrate oxidation was maximally increased in the basal state and did not increase further during insulin stimulation. Conversely, lipid oxidation was virtually absent and did not decrease during insulin stimulation. Surprisingly, intramyocellular lipids were well within the range of the control group. In conclusion, genetic CPT II deficiency is characterized by insulin resistance, which is not explained by increased intramyomellular lipids. However, it may be partially explained by glucose oxidation already maximally increased in the basal state, which cannot be increased any further by insulin. Reduced basal lipolysis may represent a compensatory mechanism for the reduced oxidative FFA disposal characteristic for this disease.