julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Individualized antithrombotic therapy in high risk patients after coronary stenting. A double-edged sword between thrombosis and bleeding
2008-01-01

Summary Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel is currently the standard therapy after coronary stent implantation to prevent a life-threatening stent thrombosis. However, a variety of procedural and individual factors contribute to the individual patient risk and have to be taken into account to allow for an individual recommendation for both the duration and intensity of the antiplatelet therapy. Obviously, the benefit of the prevention of stent thrombosis by antithrombotic therapy has to outweigh the risk of severe bleeding complications. Depending on the individual clinical situation and procedural characteristics (stent type, length, angiographic result etc.), the recommended duration of the combined antiplatelet therapy currently varies from four weeks to at least one year.These recommendations are mainly based on large, prospective, randomized trials and evidence-based guidelines. However, in a subgroup of high-risk patients there is insufficient evidence for the benefit of conventional dual antiplatelet regimen.These include i) patients with an indication for anticoagulation, ii) patients with urgent need for an operation requiring a perioperative withholding of antiplatelet therapy, as well as iii) clopidogrel low responders.This review aims to provide a stratification to define patient collectives who may benefit from more individualized antithrombotic regimens on behalf of currently available literature and guidelines.
Time course of eye and head deviation in spatial neglect.
2008-01-01

Spatial neglect is characterized by a deviation of the eyes and the head during active search, as well as at rest. Here the authors investigate the hitherto unknown relationship between these striking behaviors in the course of recovery. Gaze, eye-in-head, and head-on-trunk positions were recorded separately under two experimental conditions: (i) at rest (i.e., without any specific requirements, doing nothing) and (ii) during active exploratory search in a large visual array of 240 degrees x 80 degrees over a 10-month period. The authors observed a parallel decrease of eye and head (= gaze) deviation in both conditions, accompanied by a comparable decline in neglect severity. The results strengthen the view that the marked gaze deviation toward the ipsilesional side in patients with spatial neglect is due to a very elementary disturbance of human spatial information processing.
Vertex control of flows in networks
2008-01-01

We study a transport equation in a network and control it in a single vertex. We describe all possible reachable states and prove a criterion of Kalman type for those vertices in which the problem is maximally controllable. The results are then applied to concrete networks to show the complexity of the problem.
Influence of Chlorpromazine on Eryptosis, Parasitemia and Survival of <i>Plasmodium berghe</i> Infected Mice
2008-01-01

Chlorpromazine has previously been shown to trigger suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, which is characterized by exposure of phosphatidylserine at the erythrocyte surface and cell shrinkage. Premature suicidal death of infected erythrocytes is in turn considered to delay development of parasitemia and thus favourably influence the clinical course of malaria. The present experiments have been performed to explore whether chlorpromazine influences in vitro parasite growth and eryptosis of Plasmodium falciparum infected human erythrocytes and in vivo parasitemia and survival of P. berghei infected mice. Phosphatidylserine was estimated from annexin V binding and cell volume from forward scatter in FACS analysis. In vitro infection of human erythrocytes increased annexin binding and decreased forward scatter, effects augmented in the presence of chlorpromazine (>or=10 microM). Chlorpromazine did not significantly alter intraerythrocytic DNA/RNA content but significantly (>or=1 microM) decreased in vitro parasitemia. In chlorpromazine treated mice erythrocytes were more rapidly cleared from circulating blood than in nontreated mice. Parasitemia in P. berghei infected mice was significantly decreased (from 50 % to 28 % of circulating erythrocytes 22 days after infection) and mouse survival significantly enhanced (from 0 % to 80 % 30 days after infection) by addition of 1 mM chlorpromazine to the drinking water from the first day of infection. In conclusion, chlorpromazine favourably influences the course of malaria, an effect at least partially due to stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death.
Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Disease
2008-01-01

In the aging population of many countries in the world, neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease (PD) are becoming an increasing burden. Therefore, early therapy and ultimately disease prevention is essential, which is only possible with an early diagnosis. Besides a genetic predisposition, a number of biomarkers are being discussed to indicate vulnerability to PD, some of them many years before disease manifestation. These include hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra as well as premotor symptoms like olfactory and autonomic dysfunction, depression, REM sleep behavior disorder, and neuropsychological impairment. Moreover, first signs of affection of the substantia nigra like PET and SPECT abnormalities and slight motor signs can be included, as they may be detected before a definite diagnosis according to motor symptoms can be made. Interestingly, other frequent neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are also characterized by a long preclinical period, with several biomarkers discussed as indicative for disease vulnerability including cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and neuroimaging biomarkers, olfactory dysfunction as well as subtle neuropsychological deficits. However, future studies are necessary, which establish the predictive value of these markers singularly and in combination to detect a subgroup of the population at risk for PD and AD not only to accelerate research on etiology and pathophysiology but also to promote testing for neuroprotective strategies.
The Peptide Transporter PEPT2 is Targeted by the Protein Kinase SGK1 and the Scaffold Protein NHERF2
2008-01-01

PEPT1 and PEPT2 are members of the family of proton-dependent oligopeptide transporters that mediate electrogenic uphill transport of small peptides and peptidomimetics into a variety of cells. Kinetic properties and substrate recognition sites of those transporters have been well defined previously. Little is known, however, about regulation of those transporters. Both PEPT isoforms contain putative phosphorylation sites for the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1 and a C-terminal PDZ binding motif that might be recognized by PDZ domains of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factors NHERF1 and NHERF2. Thus, the present study attempted to clarify the role of SGK1 and NHERFs in the modulation of PEPT isoforms. Expression studies in Xenopus oocytes with subsequent electrophysiology and immunoassays revealed that SGK1 and NHERF2, but not the NHERF1 isoform specifically enhance PEPT2 function and surface abundance. The kinase is effective through phosphorylation of (185)Ser within the SGK1 consensus site, since disruption of this site prevented transporter modulation by the kinase. NHERF2 failed to regulate the C-terminal deletion mutant (PEPT2DeltaC) indicating that the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif in PEPT2 governs transport modulation by NHERF2. Coexpression of NHE3 stimulates PEPT2 activity to a similar extent as coexpression of NHERF2. Dynasore experiments demonstrated that SGK1 and NHERF2 activate PEPT2 by stabilizing the transporter at the cell surface. In conclusion, the present results reveal two novel PEPT2 posttranslational modulators, SGK1 and NHERF2, which might regulate transport of oligopeptides and peptidomimetic drugs.
Vanadate-Induced Suicidal Erythrocyte Death
2008-01-01

Vanadium, a trace element, as vanadate (VO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3–&lt;/sup&gt;) is known to interfere with a wide variety of enzymes including Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; ATPase and Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; ATPase. VO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3–&lt;/sup&gt; is excreted mainly via the kidney. In renal insufficiency, the impaired VO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3–&lt;/sup&gt; excretion leads to VO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3–&lt;/sup&gt; accumulation in blood.The present study explored the effect of VO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3–&lt;/sup&gt; on eryptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes. Eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Eryptotic cells are phagocytosed and thus rapidly cleared from circulating blood. Stimulators of eryptosis include an increase of the cytosolic Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; concentration. Erythrocyte Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; activity was estimated from Fluo-3 fluorescence, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin V-binding, and erythrocyte volume from forward scatter in FACS analysis. Exposure of erythrocytes to VO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3–&lt;/sup&gt; increased cytosolic Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; concentration, enhanced the percentage of annexin V-binding erythrocytes, decreased erythrocyte forward scatter, and lowered the intracellular ATP concentration. In conclusion, VO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3–&lt;/sup&gt; induces eryptosis at least partially through increase of cytosolic Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; concentration, an effect presumably contributing to the development of anemia in chronic renal failure.
Synthesis and characterization of a smart contrast agent sensitive to calcium
2008-01-01

A novel first-generation Ca2+ sensitive contrast agent, Gd-DOPTRA has been synthesized and characterized. The agent shows approximately 100% relaxivity enhancement upon addition of Ca2+. The agent is selective and sensitive to Ca2+ also in the presence of Mg2+ and Zn2+. The relaxivity studies carried out in physiological fluids prove the prospects of the agent for in vivo measurements.
The OTSC clip for endoscopic organ closure in NOTES: Device and technique
2008-01-01

The closure of the gastrotomy in Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) is a prerequisite for transgastric endoscopic procedures in the abdominal cavity. Different techniques have been proposed and are under experimental or early clinical investigation. We describe the technique of using an over-the-scope-clip system (OTSC), made of super-elastic Nitinol and a specially designed tissue-approximating double jaw endoscopic grasper for gastric closure. The OTSC is a clipping system mounted at the tip of the endoscope and is used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding or gastrointestinal organ perforations. An enlarged version of the OTSC is now under investigation for NOTES. The closure procedure consists of two steps. First the margins of the perforation are approximated by means of an endoscopic grasper that has two mobile and one fixed jaw, thus providing two independent tissue grasping areas. Each half of this twin grasper is used to grasp one side of the perforation wound margins. Then the margins are approximated and pulled towards the OTSC cap at the tip of the scope. Then the clip is released and the access hole is closed by compression. The OTSC clip can be applied for organ closure in NOTES in experimental studies. The technique allows closing the access site from inside the gastric cavity without leaving material on the peritoneal surface of the organ.
On-the-fly scene acquisition with a handy multi-sensor system
2008-01-01

We present a scene acquisition system which allows for fast and simple acquisition of arbitrarily large 3D environments. We propose a small device which acquires and processes frames consisting of depth and colour information at interactive rates. This allows the operator to control the acquisition process on the fly. However, no user input or prior knowledge of the scene is required. In each step of the processing, pipeline colour and depth data are used in combination in order to gain from different strengths of the sensors. A novel registration method is introduced that combines geometry and colour information for enhanced robustness and precision. We evaluate the performance of the system and present results from acquisition in different environments.
Finding what is now not there anymore: Recognizing missing fluid and magma volumes
2008-01-01

Research Article| November 01, 2008 Finding what is now not there anymore: Recognizing missing fluid and magma volumes Paul D. Bons; Paul D. Bons * 11Section Mineralogy and Geodynamics, Institute for Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Sigwartstraße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany *E-mail: paul.bons@uni-tuebingen.de. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Elena Druguet; Elena Druguet 22Department of Geology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Lina-Marcela Castaño; Lina-Marcela Castaño 22Department of Geology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Marlina A. Elburg Marlina A. Elburg 33Department of Geology and Soil Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Geology (2008) 36 (11): 851–854. https://doi.org/10.1130/G24984A.1 Article history received: 01 Apr 2008 rev-recd: 13 Jul 2008 accepted: 19 Jul 2008 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Paul D. Bons, Elena Druguet, Lina-Marcela Castaño, Marlina A. Elburg; Finding what is now not there anymore: Recognizing missing fluid and magma volumes. Geology 2008;; 36 (11): 851–854. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G24984A.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Although large volumes of magma and fluid move through the crust, the sites where these volumes once resided are difficult to recognize. We show that some (foliation) boudinage and shear band structures, which are classically interpreted as resulting from externally imposed extension or shearing, are better explained by the ductile collapse of magma- or fluid-filled voids. Experiments show that the shape of the collapse structures depends on the original shape of the void and the direction of confluence of its walls when its contents are drained. This can lead to both symmetrical boudin-like and asymmetrical shear band–like structures. The recognition of the true nature of these structures necessitates a reevaluation of strain measurements reported in the literature and the tectonic models based on them. Identifying the "missing volumes" clarifies the way magma makes granite plutons many cubic kilometers in volume in the upper crust. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Impact of comorbidity in prevention of adolescent depressive symptoms.
2008-01-01

Despite the well-known relevance of comorbidity, few studies have examined the impact of comorbid anxiety or externalizing symptoms on the prevention of depressive symptoms in adolescents. To replicate earlier positive effects of a cognitive-behavioral prevention program of depressive symptoms and to test the hypothesis that the prevention program would be less effective in adolescents with comorbid anxiety and externalizing symptoms, a study was conducted involving 301 8th-grade students, randomly divided into an intervention group and a non-intervention control group. The randomized design included baseline, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up. The prevention program included 10 sessions held in a regular school setting. The prevention program showed positive effects on depressive symptoms, independent of comorbid symptoms. These effects were found mainly with girls independent of their depressive symptoms at baseline, and in part with boys with less severe depressive symptoms at baseline. Surprisingly, negative effects of the prevention program on depressive symptoms were found on the depression of boys with more severe depressive symptoms at baseline. The prevention program’s low rate of attrition and high recruitment rate support the generalizability of the results.
Effect of xylitol/chlorhexidine versus xylitol or chlorhexidine as single rinses on initial biofilm formation of cariogenic streptococci.
2008-01-01

The newly discovered synergistic antivital effect of xylitol combined with chlorhexidine may contribute to the favorable potential of xylitol use for the improvement of new formulations of caries-preventive mouthrinses.
BEVACIZUMAB (AVASTIN) DOES NOT HARM RETINAL FUNCTION AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTION AS SHOWN BY ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY IN ADULT MICE
2008-01-01

Based on the electroretinographic findings, the authors conclude that bevacizumab does not have any toxic effects on the mouse retina and its function. The bevacizumab molecule penetrates the retina quickly. Therefore, it can act safely and very quickly, also in deeper retinal layers after its injection.
Looking my way through the menu
2008-01-01

In this paper a study is reported, which investigates the effectiveness of two approaches to improving gaze-based interaction for realistic and complex menu selection tasks. The first approach focuses on identifying menu designs for hierarchical menus that are particularly suitable for gaze-based interaction, whereas the second approach is based on the idea of combining gaze-based interaction with speech as a second input modality. In an experiment with 40 participants the impact of menu design, input device, and navigation complexity on accuracy and completion time in a menu selection task as well as on user satisfaction were investigated. The results concerning both objective task performance and subjective ratings confirmed our expectations in that a semi-circle menu was better suited for gaze-based menu selection than either a linear or a full-circle menu. Contrary to our expectations, an input device solely based on eye gazes turned out to be superior to the combin ed gaze- and speech-based device. Moreover, the drawbacks of a less suitable menu design (i.e., of a linear menu or a full-circle menu) as well as of the multimodal input device particularly obstructed performance in the case of more complex navigational tasks.
Membrane Association of theArabidopsisARF Exchange Factor GNOM Involves Interaction of Conserved Domains
2008-01-01

Abstract The GNOM protein plays a fundamental role in Arabidopsis thaliana development by regulating endosome–to–plasma membrane trafficking required for polar localization of the auxin efflux carrier PIN1. GNOM is a family member of large ARF guanine nucleotide exchange factors (ARF-GEFs), which regulate vesicle formation by activating ARF GTPases on specific membranes in animals, plants, and fungi. However, apart from the catalytic exchange activity of the SEC7 domain, the functional significance of other conserved domains is virtually unknown. Here, we show that a distinct N-terminal domain of GNOM mediates dimerization and in addition interacts heterotypically with two other conserved domains in vivo. In contrast with N-terminal dimerization, the heterotypic interaction is essential for GNOM function, as mutations abolishing this interaction inactivate the GNOM protein and compromise its membrane association. Our results suggest a general model of large ARF-GEF function in which regulated changes in protein conformation control membrane association of the exchange factor and, thus, activation of ARFs.
Establishing a novel single-copy primer-internal intron-spanning PCR (spiPCR) procedure for the direct detection of gene doping.
2008-01-01

So far, the abuse of gene transfer technology in sport, so-called gene doping, is undetectable. However, recent studies in somatic gene therapy indicate that long-term presence of transgenic DNA (tDNA) following various gene transfer protocols can be found in DNA isolated from whole blood using conventional PCR protocols. Application of these protocols for the direct detection of gene doping would require almost complete knowledge about the sequence of the genetic information that has been transferred. Here, we develop and describe the novel single-copy primer-internal intron-spanning PCR (spiPCR) procedure that overcomes this difficulty. Apart from the interesting perspectives that this spiPCR procedure offers in the fight against gene doping, this technology could also be of interest in biodistribution and biosafety studies for gene therapeutic applications.
Subcellular Mislocalization of Mutant Hepatitis B X Proteins Contributes to Modulation of STAT/SOCS Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2008-01-01

&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt; The hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One potential mechanism by which HBx can cause liver cancer may involve intracellular distribution and consecutively modulation of the proliferative important STAT/SOCS signaling with upregulation of STAT3. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; 153 Vietnamese HBV-infected patients, including 48 patients with HCC, were analyzed. HBx sequences were determined by sequencing and subcloned for functional experiments. Intracellular localization of HBx mutants was determined by immunofluorescence assays. The impact of HBx mutants on JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling was investigated using Western blot and PCR analyses. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; In 4/48 HCC patients, truncated HBx together with full-length mutated HBx proteins were observed. Expression of HBx mutant proteins demonstrated an atypical nuclear and perinuclear localization. Functional experiments to determine the effect of HBx mutants on STAT/SOCS signaling demonstrated a significantly increased upregulation of STAT3 activation (p &gt; 0.001) in comparison to wild-type (wt)-HBx. STAT1 was not activated either by wt-HBx or HBx mutants. Interestingly, SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression was not activated by wt-HBx and HBx mutants. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Our results suggest that atypical nuclear/perinuclear localization of HBx mutants might be responsible for an enhanced activation of STAT3, inhibition of STAT1 and silencing of SOCS1/SOCS3 expression. This observation points to an active role of HBx mutants in hepatocarcinogenesis that involves dysregulation of STAT/SOCS signaling.