julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
On deriving semantic representations from dependencies: A Practical approach for evaluating meaning in learner corpora
2013-01-01

One of the reasons for the popularity of dependency approaches in recent computational linguistics is their ability to efficiently derive the core functor-argument structure of a sentence as an interface to semantic interpretation. Exploring this feature of dependency structures further, in this paper we show how basic dependency representations can be mapped to semantic representation as used in Lexical Resource Semantics, an underspecified semantic formalism originally developed as a semantic formalism for the HPSG framework and its elaborate syntactic representations. We describe a two stage process, which in the first stage establishes a syntax-semantics interface representation abstracting away from some differences in surface dependencies. It ensures the local reconstruction of arguments for middle and long-distance dependencies, before building the actual LRS semantics in the second stage. We evaluate the approach on the CREG-109 corpus, a small dependency-annotated corpus with answers to reading comprehension questions written by American learners of German.
Membrane Biogenesis
2013-01-01

Membrane proteins and membrane lipids form complex interactive systems that are highly dynamic and able to be studied only by combinations of different in vivo and in vitro techniques. In Membrane Bio
Interaction of a Bose-Einstein condensate and a superconductor via eddy currents
2013-01-01

We study center-of-mass oscillations of a dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate in the vicinity of a superconducting surface. We show that the magnetic field of the magnetic dipoles induces eddy currents in the superconductor, which act back on the Bose–Einstein condensate. This leads to a shift of its oscillation frequency and to an anharmonic coupling of the Bose–Einstein condensate with the superconductor. The anharmonicity creates a coupling to one of the collective modes of the condensate that can be resonantly enhanced if the parameters of the condensate are chosen properly. This provides a new physical mechanism to couple a Bose–Einstein condensate and a superconductor, which becomes significant for 52Cr, 168Er or 164Dy condensates in superconducting microtraps.
Proximal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus: an audit of radiologic outcome after single screw fixation and full postoperative weightbearing
2013-01-01

Abstract Background Proximal metatarsal osteotomy combined with a distal soft‐tissue procedure is a common treatment for moderate to severe hallux valgus. Secure stabilisation of the metatarsal osteotomy is necessary to avoid complications such as delayed union, nonunion or malunion as well as loss of correction. The aim of this study was to report our results using a single screw for stabilisation of the osteotomy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 151 patients with severe hallux valgus who were treated by the above mentioned way with full postoperative weightbearing in a stiff soled shoe. Mean age of patients at time of surgery was 54 years, 19 patients were male and 132 female. Assessment of clinical and radiographic results was performed after 2 days and 6 weeks. Results were also correlated to the experience of the performing surgeon. Results Mean preoperative HVA (hallux valgus angle) was 36.4 degrees, and then 3.5 degrees 2 days and 13.4 degrees 6 weeks after the procedure ( p &lt; 0.001). Mean preoperative IMA (intermetarsal angle) was 16.8 degrees, and then 6.4 degrees after 2 days and 9.8 degrees after 6 weeks ( p &lt; 0.001). Mean preoperative first metatarsal length of 56.4 mm decreased to 53.6 mm after 6 weeks. Possible non‐union of the osteotomy was observed in 4 patients (2.6%) after 6 weeks. Performing residents (n = 40) operated in 65 minutes and attending surgeons (n = 111) in 45 minutes, with no significant differences in radiographic measurements between both groups. Conclusions Single screw stabilisation of proximal chevron osteotomy is a reliable method for treating severe hallux valgus deformities with satisfactory results.
Multimodal Integration of Interval Duration: Temporal Ventriloquism or Changes in Pacemaker Rate?
2013-01-01

Previous studies demonstrated that perceived duration of visual intervals is strongly influenced by conflicting auditory intervals. However, it remains unclear which mechanisms underlie this multimodal integration of interval duration. To investigate this issue, we employed a reproduction task with empty (Experiment 1) or filled (Experiment 2) intervals, and a paired-comparison task (Experiment 3) to assess perceived duration of visually marked intervals, which could be accompanied by auditory marked intervals with congruent (same) or conflicting (longer and shorter) durations. First, we predicted that conflicting auditory intervals would bias the perceived duration of visual intervals towards the duration of the auditory ones. Second, according to pacemaker-accumulator models, two different mechanisms might contribute to multimodal interval integration: changes in pacemaker rate or changes of the switch component based on temporal ventriloquism effects. In the former case, the multimodal bias effect should increase with increasing interval duration. In the latter case, the effect should remain constant across interval durations. All experiments showed a strong influence of auditory interval duration on perceived visual duration. In Experiments 1 and 2, this bias effect unexpectedly decreased with increasing interval duration, which might be due to limitations of the employed duration reproduction method. In Experiment 3, however, the observed multimodal bias effect remained clearly constant across all interval durations. This finding supports the idea that multimodal integration of conflicting time intervals is mainly determined by a temporal ventriloquism effect, which affects the switch component of a pacemaker-accumulator mechanism. In addition, we demonstrated that bimodal congruent intervals are perceived as longer than unimodal visual ones. For filled (Experiment 2), but not for empty (Experiment 1) intervals, this effect seems to be caused by an increase in pacemaker rate.
Asymptotic periodicity of flows in time-depending networks
2013-01-01

We consider a linear transport equation on the edges of a network with time-varying coefficients. Using methods for non-autonomous abstract Cauchy problems, we obtain well-posedness of the problem and describe the asymptotic profile of the solutions under certain natural conditions on the network. We further apply our theory to a model used for air traffic flow management.
Functionalization of large-pore periodic mesoporous silicas: metal silylamide and isopropoxide molecular grafting and secondary surface ligand exchange
2013-01-01

Divalent metal silylamide complexes of zinc and cobalt and trivalent aluminium isopropoxide were successfully grafted onto large-pore hexagonal channel-like SBA-15 and cubic MCM-48-like periodic mesoporous silica (PMS) KIT-6, to afford hybrid materials Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2@SBA-15, Co[N(SiMe3)2]2(thf)@SBA-15/KIT-6 and {Al(OCHMe2)3}@SBA-15 with well-defined surface species (≡SiO)2M(thf)x, ≡SiOM[N(SiMe3)2](THF)x (x = 0, M = Zn; x = 1, M = Co), ≡SiOSiMe3 and (≡SiO)2Al(OCHMe2) and ≡SiOAl(OCHMe2)2, respectively. Surface silylamido ligand exchange with 1,4-benzenediol, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid gave hybrid materials of type ≡SiOML(solvent)x and (≡SiO)2M(solvent)x (L = O(C6H4)OSiMe3, O2C(C6H4)CO2SiMe3, O2C(C6H4)2CO2SiMe3; M = Zn and Co) revealing in situ ligand silylation as a side reaction. Surface isopropoxide/carboxylato ligand exchange generated species (≡SiO)2AlL(DMF)x and ≡SiOAl(OCHMe2)(2-y)L(y) (L = O2C(C6H4)CO2H, y ≤ 2) devoid of any secondary functionalization (such as formation of ester groups), offering a potential approach to PMS-encapsulated metal-organic frameworks. All featured surface species were verified by (1)H, (13)C and (29)Si magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis. Additionally, preservation of the long-range ordered mesostructures was proven by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), nitrogen physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Lung Metastasis of Primary Alveolar Soft-Part Sarcoma Occurring 20 Years after Initial Treatment
2013-01-01

A 30-year old woman was referred to our center because of suspicion of a primary lung tumor of the right upper lobe. Histological examination of the lung lesion revealed lung metastasis of a previously treated alveolar soft part sarcoma of the musculus vastus medialis of the right femur, which was resected 20 years ago. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor that occurs most often in the soft tissue of lower limbs. It is a slow-growing malignant soft tissue tumor arising in muscle tissue, usually in young adults. Due to pleural and extensive mediastinal infiltration with bilateral lung metastases, a systemic treatment with chemotherapy doxorubicin and ifosfamide was initiated. Late metastases from previously treated alveolar part sarcoma should be considered in patients with suspicious lung lesions even if surgical treatment was performed a long time ago.
The UGT1A6_19_GG genotype is a breast cancer risk factor
2013-01-01

Validation of an association between the UGT1A6_19_T>G (rs6759892) polymorphism and overall breast cancer risk. A pilot study included two population-based case-control studies from Germany (MARIE-GENICA). An independent validation study comprised four independent breast cancer case-control studies from Finland (KBCP, OBCS), Germany (BBCC), and Sweden (SASBAC). The pooled analysis included 7418 cases and 8720 controls from all six studies. Participants were of European descent. Genotyping was done by MALDI-TOF MS and statistical analysis was performed by logistic regression adjusted for age and study. The increased overall breast cancer risk for women with the UGT1A6_19_GG genotype which was observed in the pilot study was confirmed in the set of four independent study collections (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.22; p = 0.001). The pooled study showed a similar effect (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.14; p = 0.001). The risk effect on the basis of allele frequencies was highly significant, the pooled analysis showed an OR of 1.11 (95% CI 1.06-1.16; p = 5.8 × 10(-6)). We confirmed the association of UGT1A6_19_GG with increased overall breast cancer risk and conclude that our result from a well powered multi-stage study adds a novel candidate to the panel of validated breast cancer susceptibility loci.
Three-dimensional tracking and analysis of ion channel signals across dendritic arbors
2013-01-01

Most neuron types possess elaborate dendritic arbors that receive and integrate excitatory and inhibitory inputs from numerous other neurons to give rise to cell-type specific firing patterns. The computational properties of these dendrites are therefore crucial for neuronal information processing, and are strongly determined by the expression of many types of voltage-gated ion channels in their membrane. The dendritic distribution patterns of these ion channels are characteristic for each ion channel type, are dependent on the neuronal identity, and can be modified in a plastic or pathophysiological manner. We present a method that enables us to semi-automatically map and quantify in 3D the expression levels of specific ion channel types across the entire dendritic arbor. To achieve this, standard immunohistochemistry was combined with reconstruction and quantification procedures for the localization and relative distribution of ion channels with respect to dendritic morphology. This method can, in principle, be applied to any fluorescent signal, including fluorescently tagged membrane proteins, RNAs, or intracellular signaling molecules.
Cervical Squamous Cell Lymph Node Metastases from an Unknown Primary Site: Survival and Patterns of Recurrence after Radiotherapy
2013-01-01

Introduction The purpose of the present retrospective study was to review outcome and patterns of failure of patients who were treated with radiotherapy for cervical lymph node metastases from an unknown primary site (CUP). Patients and Methods Between 2000 and 2009, 34 patients diagnosed with squamous cell CUP were admitted to radiotherapy in curative intent. In 26 of 34 patients (76%) neck dissection was performed prior to radiotherapy, extracapsular extension (ECE) was seen in 20 of 34 patients (59%). Target volumes included the bilateral neck and panpharyngeal mucosa. Concomitant chemotherapy was applied in 14 of 34 patients (41%). Results After a median follow-up of 45 months for the entire group, 2 of 34 patients (6%) presented with an isolated regional recurrence, another 2 of 34 patients (6%) developed both local and distant recurrence, and 6 of 34 patients (18%) had distant failure only. Estimated overall survival after 2- and 5 -years was 78% and 63%. All patients with N1 or N2a disease (n=6) were disease free after 5 years. ECE, concomitant chemotherapy and involvement of neck levels 4 and 5 were associated with worse overall survival on univariate analysis. Conclusion Radiotherapy of the panpharynx and bilateral neck leads to excellent local control while distant metastases are the most frequent site of failure and prognostically limiting. Therefore intensified concomitant or sequential systemic therapies should be evaluated in future trials.
{Sn10Si(SiMe3)2[Si(SiMe3)3]4}2-: cluster enlargement via degradation of labile ligands
2013-01-01

For the synthesis of metalloid cluster compounds of tin applying the disproportionation reaction of subvalent metastable Sn(I) halides, Si(SiMe3)3 proved to be the ligand with the highest synthetic potential. However, degradation of the Si(SiMe3)3 ligand can also lead to cluster enlargement where additional silicon atoms are incorporated into the cluster core. Here we describe the structure and bonding of the novel anionic cluster compound {Sn10Si(SiMe3)2[Si(SiMe3)3]4}2- 5, where such a degradation has taken place. Additionally, requirements for the formation of 5 are discussed.
Estimates of Genetic Variability of &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/i&gt; Complex and Its Association with Drug Resistance in Cameroon
2013-01-01

The present study investigates the genetic diversity among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex circulating in the Centre region of Cameroon and analyzes the relationship between genotypes and drug resistance patterns. Spoligotyping was performed by PCR-amplification followed by the reverse hybridization of 298 cultured specimens. Spoligotypes patterns were identified by comparison to reference strains in SPolDB4 database via the MIRU VNTR plus web application. About 97.65% of all tuberculosis (TB) cases were attributed to M. tuberculosis. A total of 65 different profiles were identified. Of these, 40 were represented as Shared Types (ST) while the others were orphans. LAM10_CAM and Haarlem families were the most prevalent genetic families with 51.01% and 14.09% respectively. ST 61, a member of the LAM10_ CAM family formed the largest cluster with 128 (42.95%) isolates. No association was found between genotypes with regard to drug resistance and HIV sero-status. However, there was a significant association between genotypes and age groups. Patients belonging to 15 - 24 and 35 - 44 age groups were more likely infected by LAM10_CAM strains compared to others. The population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains from the Centre region was found to be diverse and the spoligotype 61 of the LAM10_CAM family was highly predominant. Isolates of the LAM10_CAM seem to be not associated with drug resistance.
Fabrication of Highly Porous Platinum by Cyclic Electrodeposition of PtCu Alloys: How do Process Parameters Affect Morphology?
2013-01-01

In this work we analyze the influence of process parameters on the morphology of highly porous platinum electrodes, fabricated by co-deposition of platinum-copper alloy and subsequent selective dissolution of the less noble copper during multiple cyclic voltammetry scans. Thereto the Cu2+ concentration in the deposition electrolyte, the negative scan limit, and the scan rate were varied. Corresponding electrodes were characterized by their surface texture (scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry), specific surface area, and elemental compositions (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Under conditions enforcing precursor depletion a sphere-dominated structure is observed, whereas oppositional configurations lead to smoother, mud-crack pattern like structures. Electrodes of high specific surface area are obtained particularly when high copper ion concentrations (100 mmol l−1 CuSO4, roughness factor 3740 ± 270), high negative scan limits (−0.800 V vs. SCE, roughness factor 3790 ± 370) and low scan speeds (1 mV s−1, roughness factor 3930 ± 370) compared to standard parameters (20 mmol l−1 CuSO4, −0.600 V vs. SCE negative scan limit, 1 mV s−1, roughness factor 3040 ± 300) were applied during fabrication. Since the fabrication of these highly rough electrodes requires the deposition of high amounts of platinum (10–20 mg per cm2 footprint area) it is mainly relevant to applications such as neurostimulation electrodes or implantable glucose fuel cells in which platinum costs are less relevant than electrode properties and functionality.
Autonomous person following with 3D LIDAR in outdoor environment
2013-01-01

The capability of a robot to follow autonomously a person highly enhances its usability when humans and robots collaborate. In this paper we present a system for autonomous following of a walking person in outdoor environments while avoiding static and dynamic obstacles. The principal sensor is a 3D LIDAR with a resolution of 59x29 points. We present a combination of 3D features, motion detection and tracking with a sampling Bayesian filter which results in reliable person detection for a lowresolution 3D-LIDAR. The method is implemented on an outdoor robot with car-like steering, which incorporates the target’s path into its own path planning around local obstacles. Experiments in outdoor areas validate the approach.
Meningitis in a Pregnant Woman Caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis
2013-01-01

Infection of the central nervous system by streptococci is known to result in severe bacterial meningitis, however some strains have low pathogenic potential and affect the brain only in immunocompromised patients. Here we report the first case of an otherwise healthy non immunocompromised young adult woman who developed meningitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis. The patient was in the 17th week of her 3rd pregnancy. The course of the disease was quickly remittent under antibiotic treatment.
Unusual reaction pathways of gallium(III) silylamide complexes
2013-01-01

The synthesis of homoleptic gallium(III) bis(dimethylsilyl)amide Ga[N(SiHMe2)2]3 was attempted via different pathways. A transsilylamination protocol using Ga[N(SiMe3)2]3 and HN(SiHMe2)2 was unsuccessfully applied. An unexpected side product, MeGa[N(SiMe3)SiMe2N(SiMe3)2]2, could be obtained from the synthesis of homoleptic gallium(III) bis(trimethylsilyl)amide via GaCl3 and LiN(SiMe3)2. Alkane elimination from Me3Ga or Et3Ga and HN(SiHMe2)2 did not lead to the isolation of Ga[N(SiHMe2)2]3 either. When a salt metathesis route was conducted, reacting GaCl3 with LiN(SiHMe2)2, the silylamido-bridged dimeric hydride complex {H2Ga[μ-N(SiHMe2)2]}2 was obtained. Its further reaction with N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylendiamine (tmeda) gave the dinuclear, tmeda-bridged {[H2GaN(SiHMe2)2]2(μ-tmeda)}.
Genetic Variation in <b><i>MAOA</i></b> Modulates Prefrontal Cortical Regulation of Approach-Avoidance Reactions
2013-01-01

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Regulation of automatic approach and avoidance behavior requires affective and cognitive control, which are both influenced by a genetic variation in the gene encoding Monoamine Oxidase A (termed &lt;i&gt;MAOA&lt;/i&gt;-uVNTR). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The current study investigated &lt;i&gt;MAOA&lt;/i&gt; genotype as a moderator of prefrontal cortical activation measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in 37 healthy young adults during performance of the approach-avoidance task with positive and negative pictures. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Carriers of the low- compared to the high-expressing genetic variant &lt;i&gt;(MAOA-L&lt;/i&gt; vs. &lt;i&gt;MAOA-H)&lt;/i&gt; showed increasing regulatory activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during incompatible conditions (approach negative, avoid positive). This might have been a compensatory mechanism for stronger emotional reactions as shown in previous studies and might have prevented any influence of incompatibility on behavior. In contrast, fewer errors but also lower activity in the right DLPFC during processing of negative compared to positive stimuli indicated &lt;i&gt;MAOA-H&lt;/i&gt; carriers to have used other regulatory areas. This resulted in slower reaction times in incompatible conditions, but - in line with the known better cognitive regulation efficiency - allowed them to perform incompatible reactions without activating the DLPFC as the highest control instance. Carriers of one low- and one high-expressing allele lay as an intermediate group between the reactions of the low- and high-expressing groups. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The relatively small sample size and restriction to fNIRS for assessment of cortical activity limit our findings. Nevertheless, these first results suggest monoam-inergic mechanisms to contribute to interindividual differences in the two basic behavioral principles of approach and avoidance and their neuronal correlates.
Long-lasting disease stabilization in the absence of toxicity in metastatic lung cancer patients vaccinated with an HLA-A2-restricted epitope derived from indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase
2013-01-01

Meeting abstracts To investigate targeting of indoleamine 2.3 dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme using a synthetic peptide vaccine administered to patients with metastatic non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In a clinical phase I study we treated 15 HLA-A2 positive patients with stage III-IV NSCLC in
Characterisation of Germanium Monohalides by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and First Principles Quantum Chemical Calculations
2013-01-01

Germanium(i) monohalides are useful starting materials to synthesise small, well defined germanium nanoclusters. However, due to the amorphous nature of solid GeBr and GeCl, details of their solid-state structures remain largely unknown. We investigate the arrangement within these novel binary materials using 35Cl, 79Br, and 73Ge solid-state NMR spectroscopy at 21.1 T and first principles quantum chemical calculations in order to suggest a possible model for the structure.
PARALLEL PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION FOR IMAGE SEGMENTATION
2013-01-01

One of the problems faced with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is that this method is simply time consuming. It is so, especially when it deals with a problem that needs a lot of particles to represent. This paper tries to compare the speed of PSO run at parallel mode to ordinary one. The testing applies an example of an image segmentation to demonstrate the PSO method to find best clusters of image segmentation. Best clustering is determined by viewing it as it is an optimization problem in finding the minimum error of the clustering. The PSO process, especially the iteration; the one that is the most time consuming; can&#13;\\nbe fastened by the usage of the parallel property of the&#13;\\nPSO. We use NVIDIA CUDA for parallelizing the computation occurred in each particle. The results show that PSO run 170% faster when it used Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) in parallel mode other than that used CPU alone, for number of particle=100. This speed is growing as the number of particle gets higher.