julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
PHONOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AUDIOVISUAL SPEECH PERCEPTION
2007-01-01

Based on magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements, this contribution tries to delineate a sequence of processing stages engaged in audiovisual (AV) speech perception, giving rise, finally, to the fusion of phonological features derived from auditory and visual input. Although the two channels interact even within early time windows such as the auditory M50 field, the definite percept appears to emerge at a relatively late stage (&amp;gt; 250 ms after the onset of the acoustic stimulus). Most noteworthy, the obtained data indicate visual motion to be encoded as categorical information even prior to AV fusion, as demonstrated by a non-linear visual /ta /- /pa/ effect (within the time interval of the auditorily evoked M100 field) upon the strength of a magnetic source localized outside the auditory cortex. Taken together, these findings indicate, first, modality-specific sensory input to be transformed into phonetic features prior to the generation of a definite phonological percept and, second, cross-modal interactions to extend across a relatively large time window. Conceivably, these integration processes during speech perception are not only susceptible to visual input, but also to other supramodal influences such as top-down expectations and interactions with lexical data structures.
A Note on the Complexity of Optimality Theory
2007-01-01

Optimality theory (OT), introduced by Prince and Smolensky (1993), is a linguistic framework in which the mapping of one level of linguistic representation to another is based on rules and filters. The rules generate candidate expressions in the target representation, which are subsequently checked against the filters, so that only those candidates remain that survive this filtering process. Germain to OT is the fact that filters or constraints are violable and ranked. Thus a candidate expression may violate a constraint, as long as alternative candidates violate more constraints or higher ranked constraints. An expression is optimal, if it violates the least number of lowest ranked constraints. Frank and Satta (1998) and Wartena (2000) have shown that these principles of OT can be fruitfully modeled using techniques from formal language theory. Both model the generator relation as a rational relation over regular languages and the constraints as regular languages; in (Frank and Satta, 1998) these are string languages, and in (Wartena, 2000) they are tree languages. We show here that generators can be extended to linear frontier-to-root tree transducers on linear context-free tree languages – with constraints being regular tree languages – while the computation of optimal candidates can still be performed using finite state techniques (over trees).
Interionische C–H···O-Brückenbindungen in 1,3-Diisopropyl-4,5- dimethylimidazolium-2-nitrodiethylmalonat [1] / Interionic C–H· · ·O Hydrogen Bonds in 1,3-Diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium-2- nitrodiethylmalonate [1]
2007-01-01

1,3-Diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium 2-nitrodiethylmalonate (2) was obtained from 2,3- dihydro-1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (1) and 2-nitrodiethylmalonate; its crystal structure reveals the presence of interionic bifurcated C-H· · ·O hydrogen bonds.
Increase of the Selectivity of Sensor Arrays Through Consumption Effects of Metal Oxide Sensors
2007-01-01

Metal oxide gas sensors alter the gas composition during the sensing process. This peculiarity can be used as an advantage to obtain additional information in order to identify the analyte gas or to determine the composition of a gas sample. For that purpose the former sensors can be seen as catalytic filters which increase selectivity in a sensor array or even produce it if the array consists of identical sensors. In this work the described concept was proven and first steps were done to understand the influence of several variables on this effect in order to fully exploit the increase of selectivity.
[Medical popularization and moral therapy in Plutarch's Treatise de tuenda sanitate praecepta (Ygieina paraggelmata)].
2007-01-01

In his treatise De tuenda sanitate praecepta (Ygieina paraggelmata: Prescriptions for Health), the Greek philosopher Plutarch of Chaeronea (b. about 45 A.D., d. about 125 A.D.) pursues two aims, which have a deep pedagogical character and are closely connected. To begin with, he would like to provide both his colleagues, "the philosophers" (the equivalent of today's "intellectuals") and politicians with some sanitary/medical suggestions, so that they may adopt a healthy 'life-style', and consequently avoid disease to the best of their ability. Plutarch thus proposes that "philosophers" be made aware of the opportunity, or better yet, of the necessity of learning some medical notions: in their general education (paideia), his colleagues should allow medicine its adequate space, at least in regard to the practical side of the field which relates to a 'life-regimen'. At the same time, Plutarch wishes to impart a moral teaching: in order to remain in good health we must distance ourselves from irrational impulses and social conventions which induce us to practice detrimental behaviours. In this context, the author stresses the need to respect the principles of moderation--both medical and ethical: those of frugality, self-control, and naturalness. His advice is still valid and effective today. Within the background of Plutarch's treatise there is yet a third, implicit aim: to urge the physicians not to imprison themselves in their professional specialization, but rather to also acquire a philosophical education. Such education would indeed allow them to achieve a whole, "holistic" picture of man, who is at the same time soul and body. Many diseases could in fact be avoided if everyone would practice on himself a sort of "moral therapy", which would prevent the soul from falling prey to those deceptive desires from which "self-destructive" behaviours frequently derive.
‚Getting the Word Out‘
2007-01-01

AuszugAls im März 2003 Trappen der Koalition der Willigen auf Bagdad marschierten, sorgten die regelmä\\igen Beiträge eines jungen irakischen Zivilisten in den Informationsnetzwerken] des Internets für Aufsehen. In seinem Weblog Where is Raed? beschrieb der unbekannte Autor unter dem Pseudonym 'Salam Pax' mehrmals täglich seine Erfahrungen und Eindrücke aus dem zunehmend belagerten Bagdad:1 Very heavy bombing the last two days. Although today it was very quiet, I bet the heavy bombing will resume tonight. It is getting heavier by the day. Somehow, when the really heavy ones fall you feel like the house will collapse on you. [...] The news programmes drive me crazy, but they are all we are watching. I especially like the Pentagon Show: him with the distracting facial expressions and her with the loud costumes. But still, the best entertainment value you get these days, is from the briefings — Iraqi and American ('Salam Pax' 2005: 141).
‚Credibility is the Message‘
2007-01-01

Im klassischen Drama werden Geschehnisse, die theatertechnisch schwer zu realisieren oder aus ethischen Gründen nicht darzustellen sind, nach au\\en verlagert und in Echtzeit von Teichoskopen (Mauerschauern) berichtet. Diese verschaffen sich meist von erhöhtem Posten als Beobachter einen überblick über das Geschehen und berichten, halb dem Geschehen, halb dem Publikum zugewandt, was auf der anderen Seite der Mauer geschieht. Kriegskorrespondenten im Fernsehen, so könnte man sagen, nehmen eine ähnliche Funktion ein wie die klassischen Teichoskopen. Doch ihre Aufgabe ist ungleich komplexer: Sie sind personale Vermittlungsinstanzen innerhalb der medialen Vermittlungsinstanz des Fernsehens, sie sollen ein Geschehen überblicken, das nicht mehr zu überblicken ist, und sie sollen eine Position einnehmen, zu der es eigentlich keinen Zugang gibt. Und noch eine Schwierigkeit tritt auf: Sie sollen nicht nur qualitätvoll Bericht erstatten und eine professionelle Distanz zum Geschehen aufbauen, sondern dabei auch noch in regelmä\\igen Abständen, wegen der Zeitverschiebung häufig auch zu ungewöhnlichen Uhrzeiten, vor laufender Kamera eine gute Figur machen. Eingebettet in das Gesamtspektakel der Fernsehnachrichten fällt ihnen in erster Linie die Funktion der Beglaubigung zu; durch ihre Augenzeugenschaft sollen sie den verifikativen Anspruch der gesamten Berichterstattung unterstützen.
Dyson-Schwinger Equations and Coulomb Gauge Yang-Mills Theory
2007-01-01

Coulomb gauge Yang-Mills theory is considered within the first order formalism. It is shown that the action is invariant under both the standard BRS transform and an additional component. The Ward-Takahashi identity arising from this non-standard transform is shown to be automatically satisfied by the equations of motion.
Angular Correlations Between Fragment Spin and Prompt Neutron Evaporation in Spontaneous Fission of 252Cf: CORA-Demon Experiment
2007-01-01

A novel method to search for the anisotropic emission of prompt neutrons in the center-of-mass system of fission fragments is presented. The anisotropy is conjectured to be due to the large spins of fission fragments are known to carry. Triple neutron- neutron-fragment correlations in spontaneous fission of 252Cf were investigated in an exploratory experiment dubbed CORA-DEMON experiment. Fission fragments were intercepted in a double ionization chamber while neutrons were spotted in 2 two-dimensional cylindrical walls of Demon detectors with the target on the vertical cylinder axis. A new method of analysis of triple angular correlations between 2 neutrons and a fission fragment was applied. Preliminary results are reported. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.
Rotation of Nuclei as Observed in Ternary Fission of the Reaction 235U(nth,f) Induced by Polarized Neutron
2007-01-01

Ternary fission of the standard reaction 235U(nth,f) induced by cold polarized neutrons has been investigated. Fission fragments and light charged particles were recorded in coincidence. Following cold neutron capture the compound nucleus 236U* has spin 3− or 4−. At the saddle point of the fissioning 236U* nucleus these states are collective. They are expected to retain a sizable collectivity down to the scission point. In fact, a collective rotation has been sensed by the shift in the angular distribution of the light charged particles which depends on the orientation of neutron polarization. Direct observation of the rotation of 236U* excited in a cold neutron reaction is reported here for the first time. It is proposed to call the new phenomenon the “ROT‐effect”.
Aldosterone up‐regulates K Ca 1.1 (BK) channel‐mediated colonic K + secretion
2007-01-01

Potassium secretion is a major determinant of body K+ homeostasis. We have shown earlier that K+ secretion in mouse distal colon occurs exclusively via luminal Ca2+-activated KCa 1.1 (BK) channels. Resting and Ca2+-sensitive distal colonic K+ secretion was completely absent in BK channel α-subunit knock out mice. Aldosterone is known to enhance colonic K+ secretion. Here we investigate if aldosterone stimulated K+ secretion occurs via BK channels in mouse distal colon. Luminal Ba2+- and iberiotoxin-sensitive K+ secretion was measured in an Ussing chamber. In vitro addition of aldosterone augmented Ba2+-sensitive K+ secretion (ΔIsc(Ba2+)) 2-fold after 2 hours (aldosterone threshold concentration 10 nM). This effect was inhibited by the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolactone (1 μM) and the specific BK channel blocker iberiotoxin (120 nM). In vivo aldosterone was augmented via a low Na+ diet for 3 weeks. This treatment increased the resting Ba2+-sensitive short circuit (ΔIsc(Ba2+)) 2-fold. In addition, the K+ secretion enhanced via a low Na+ diet was blocked by iberiotoxin. In tissues from control and low Na+ diet animals, K+ secretion could be further activated by luminal ionomycin (1 μM). Importantly, this ionomycin-stimulated K+ secretion was absent in BK α-subunit knock out mice. In summary, these data confirm that aldosterone MR-dependently stimulates K+ secretion in mouse distal colon and shows that the aldosterone-elevated K+ secretion occurs via an enhanced luminal BK channel conductance.
Elastic properties of the aortic root and its clinical relevance for the Ross Procedure – results of a pilot study
2007-01-01

Aims: Elastic properties of the aortic root are of particular interest in case of aortic root replacement with the pulmonary autograft (Ross Procedure). We analyzed aortic root elastic properties in relation to the type of underlying aortic valve pathology.
Robert W. Preucel, Archaeological Semiotics. (Social Archaeology series, general editor: Ian Hodder, Malden, MA, Oxford, UK and Carlton, Victoria AUS: Blackwell, 2006, 332 pp., 45 figs, 11 tables, hbk ISBN 13: 978 1 55786 657 8, pbk ISBN 10: 1 55786 657 0)
2007-01-01

Robert W. Preucel, Archaeological Semiotics. (Social Archaeology series, general editor: Ian Hodder, Malden, MA, Oxford, UK and Carlton, Victoria AUS: Blackwell, 2006, 332 pp., 45 figs, 11 tables, hbk ISBN 13: 978 1 55786 657 8, pbk ISBN 10: 1 55786 657 0) - Volume 10 Issue 1
Effects of Substance P and Neurotensin on the contractility of ileum of mice in vitro: Inhibition by plant extract STW 5 (Iberogast®)
2007-01-01

Substance P (SP) and Neurotensin (NT) are neuromodulators which are released in the gastrointestinal tract. They influence the contractility of smooth muscle and they are involved in gastrointestinal inflammation. STW 5 (Iberogast®) is a phytotherapeutical drug, made of nine herbal plant extracts: peppermint leafs, camomile flower, liquorice root, angelica root, caraway fruit, milk thistle fruit, lemon balm leafs, greater celandine herb and a fresh herbal extract of Iberis amara. It is used in the treatment of motility disturbances as well in inflammation processes of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate, firstly, the effects of substance P and neurotensin on the spontaneous contractility of ileum of mice in vitro, and, secondly, the effects of STW 5 on these induced reactions. Longitudinal muscle strips of the ileum are mounted in a perfused organ bath, and isometric contractions are recorded. First, the effects of SP [10, 100 nM] and NT [1, 10, 100 nM] on the spontaneous contractile activity are measured, thus obtaining the standard response, then the application is repeated to the same sample pretreated with STW 5 [10μl/ml] or butylscopolamin (BSC) [10-5 M] for comparison. Transiently, SP provokes in both concentrations an increase of the amplitude P of the spontaneous contractility and a dose-dependent tonic contraction T. STW 5 inhibits P significantly, but not T. BSC exhibits only a blocking of the tonic contraction. NT causes a significant relaxation R of the basale tonus with a transient smaller amplitude P. Application of STW 5 inhibits R while P is persistent reduced. BSC does not show any effects on NT-induced reactions. SP and NT influence the contractility and motility pattern of the ileum significantly. STW 5 inhibits these induced reactions and could help at motility and inflammation disturbances.
SiRNA: An effective weapon against adhesion molecule expression on pulmonary endothelial cells?
2007-01-01

Objectives: Adhesion molecules (AM) are known to influence the postoperative function in lung transplantation. By mediating a leukocyte-endothelium interaction they are involved in the inflammatory response following the ischemia-reperfusion injury of the allograft. Therefore, inhibition of AM expression may be a promising strategy to decrease primary graft failure. Liposomal transfection with short interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful technique to knockdown activated genes by specific degradation of the respective messenger RNA.
Limits on iron-dominated fallback disk in SN 1987A
2007-01-01

The non‐detection of a point source in SN 1987A imposes an upper limit for the optical luminosity of Lopt≲2 L⊙. This limits the size of a possible fallback disk around the stellar remnant. Assuming a steady‐state thin disk with blackbody emission requires a disk smaller than 100 000 km if the accretion rate is at 30% of the Eddington rate [6]. We have performed detailed non‐LTE radiation transfer calculations to model the disk spectrum more realistically. It turns out that the observational limit on the disk extension becomes even tighter, namely 70 000 km.
The proximity-concentration trade-off in a dynamic framework
2007-01-01

This paper presents a dynamic framework which implements risk as a continuous variable into the proximity-concentration trade-off concept. Additionally firms have the possibility to postpone their investment decision which gives them the possibility to collect further information about the volatile variable over time. On the basis of the real option theory (Dixit and Pindyck, 1994) an investment plan under uncertainty is derived. In contrast to static models firms postpone their investment decision although positive returns can be achieved. For specific risk values the model predicts, in the presence of a foreign direct investment choice, the export strategy can be rejected although it is dominating the FDI project and although it is worthier than its option value. The results of the model undermine empirical findings which analyze the impact of continuous variables on export and FDI patterns.
VISUAL SENSITIVITY TO BODY MOTION AND SOCIAL COGNITION
2007-01-01

Bodily movements help to improve our social communication by means of non-verbal information about social properties. Observers can discriminate between deceptive and true intentions conveyed by body dynamics, and true information is precisely detected despite deceptive endeavours. Brain imaging data point to existence of distributed networks that subserve revealing of social attributes through body dynamics. The right superior temporal sulcus is repeatedly reported to be a substantial part of these networks. Our MEG findings support this view shedding light on the temporal cortical dynamics. In particular, revealing of cortical regions in which the visual sensitivity to body motion parallels MEG cortical activity help to uncover temporal and spatial dynamics of the networks involved in social cognition. By using clinical models of abnormal development, namely, patients with early periventricular lesions and autistic spectrum disorders, we show that structural and functional brain connectivity is of immense importance for proper functioning of the networks underlying visual social perception.
Two-pion production in the ΔΔ region: Is the ABC-effect the result of a resonance in the pn↔ΔΔ system?
2007-01-01

The ABC effect—a puzzling low‐mass enhancement in the ππ invariant mass spectrum—is known from inclusive measurements of two‐pion production in nuclear fusion reactions. Exclusive measurements conducted at CELSIUS‐WASA for the fusion reactions leading to d and 3He in the final state reveal the ABC effect to be of scalar‐isoscalar nature and to be associated with the formation of a resonance in the pn↔ΔΔ systems in the intermediate state. The differential distributions for the π0π0 channels can be well described, if a quasi‐bound state within the ΔΔ system is assumed, which gives rise to a resonance structure in the total cross section. This ansatz is capable of describing all differential cross sections including the results of previous inclusive measurements on 4He as well as the energy dependence of the total cross sections.
Swarm-supported Outdoor Localization with Sparse Visual Data.
2007-01-01

achallengingfieldinroboticvisionresearch.Apartfromartificial environmentalsupporttechnologieslikeGPSlocalization,aselfsufficientvisualsystemisdesirable.Inthiswork,weintroduce anewheuristicapproachtooutdoorlocalizationinascenario wherenoodometryreadingsareavailable.Inanearlierwork, weemployedSIFTfeaturesandacommonparticlefiltermethod in the scenario. A modification of Particle Swarm Optimization,apopularoptimizationtechniqueespeciallyindynamically changingenvironments,isdevelopedandfittothelocalization problem,includingself-adaptivemechanisms.Thenewmethod obtainssimilarorbetterlocalizationresultsinourexperiments, whilerequiringafractionofSIFTcomparisonsofthestandard method,indicatinganall-overspeed-upby25%. I.
Coherence with ultracold atoms at nanofabricated surfaces
2007-01-01

I am reporting about recent experiments on coherent manipulation of ultracold atoms at nanofabricated surfaces. These include the manipulation and state selective detection of single atoms as well as interferometry with Bose-Einstein condensates. Our current work focuses on the development of experimental techniques for preparing atoms at cryogenically cooled surfaces. The scientific objectives are the coupling of atoms to solid state nanodevices such as superconducting circuits. Underlying theoretical concepts and the experimental progress will be reported.
MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES IN HUMAN CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULAR MEMBRANES EXCISED FOLLOWING VERTEPORFIN PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY Running Title: MMP in Human CNV Following PDT
2007-01-01

1University Eye Hospital at the Centre for Ophthalmology of the Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany, 2 Department of Pathology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany, Laboratory of Visual Physiology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo, Japan, Augenklinik der Staedtischen Kliniken, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Augenzentrum Recklinghausen, Germany 6 Augenklinik Tausendfensterhaus, Duisburg, Germany
Limits on iron-dominated fallback disk in SN 1987A
2007-01-01

The non-detection of a point source in SN1987A imposes an upper limit for the optical luminosity of L=2L_sun. This limits the size of a possible fallback disk around the stellar remnant. Assuming a steady-state thin disk with blackbody emission requires a disk smaller than 100,000 km if the accretion rate is at 30% of the Eddington rate (Graves et al. 2005). We have performed detailed non-LTE radiation transfer calculations to model the disk spectrum more realistically. It turns out that the observational limit on the disk extension becomes even tighter, namely 70,000 km.
Nuclear and particle physics aspects of the 2νββ-decay of [sup 150]Nd
2007-01-01

A discussion is given on possible realization of the Single State Dominance (SSD) hypothesis in the case of the two-neutrino double beta decay(2nbb-decay) of 150Nd with 1^- ground state of the intermediate nucleus. We conclude that the SSD hypothesis is expected to be ruled out by precision measurement of differential characteristics of this process in running NEMO 3 or planed SuperNEMO experiments unlike some unknown low-lying 1^+ state of 150Pm does exist. This problem can be solved via (d,2He) charge-exchange experiment on 150Sm. Further, we address the question about possible violation of the Pauli exclusion principle for neutrinos and its consequences for the energy distributions of the 2nbb-decay of 150Nd. This phenomenon might be a subject of interest of NEMO 3 and SuperNEMO experiments as well.
Vortex topology and the continuum limit of lattice gauge theories
2007-01-01

We study the stability of Z_2 topological vortex excitations in d+1 dimensional SU(2) Yang-Mills theory on the lattice at T=0. This is found to depend on d and on the coupling considered. We discuss the connection with lattice artifacts causing bulk transitions in the beta_A-beta_F plane and draw some conclusions regarding the continuum limit of the theory.
IMF's assistance: Devil's kiss or guardian angel?
2007-01-01

This paper contributes to the debate on the efficacy of IMF's catalytic finance in preventing financial crises. Extending Morris and Shin (2006), we consider that the IMF's intervention policy usually exerts a signaling effect on private creditors and that several interventions in sequence may be necessary to avert an impending crisis. Absent of the IMF's signaling ability, our results state that repeated intervention is required to bail out a country, where by additional assistance may induce moral hazard on the debtor side. Contrarily, if the IMF exerts a strong signaling effect, one single intervention suffices to avoid liquidity crises.