julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Plant Cell Division
2012-03-15

Abstract Cell division is characterised by the segregation of genetic material and the redistribution of cellular contents facilitated by the cytoskeleton. Plant cells derive from divisions in the meristems of developing organs. However, plant cells are enclosed in rigid cell walls, unable to migrate and change their location within tissues. Thus, positions of division planes, together with successive polarised cell expansion are the major determinants of cell shape and consequently morphology of plants. The basic building blocks of the cytoskeleton, tubulins, actins and cytoskeleton associated motor‐ and nonmotor‐proteins are conserved. Yet, plants have developed unique cytoskeletal arrays and molecular mechanism to determine the division plane very early in mitosis and to facilitate the synthesis and insertion of the partitioning cell plate at the end of cell division. Key Concepts: Plant cells utilise specialised cytoskeletal arrays to determine the division plane early in mitosis and form a cell plate to separate daughter cells late in mitosis. Cell geometry and nuclear position are informative for division plane selection. The preprophase band (PPB) predicts the future division plane and recruits proteins that identify the cortical division site (CDS) throughout mitosis. Mutants defective in PPB or CDS establishment/maintenance exhibit mispositioned cell walls and altered cell and plant morphology. Successful cell plate formation relies on cytoskeletal reorganisation and vesicle fusion.
What Drives States to Support Renewable Energy?
2012-03-16

Why do states support electricity generation from renewable energy sources? Lyon/Yin (2010), Chandler (2009), and Huang et al. (2007) have answered this question for the adoption of renewable portfolio standards (RPS) at the U.S. state level. This article supplements their work by testing the core hypotheses on the EU27 sample between 1990 and 2010. Furthermore, the article asks why the majority of EU states rely on feed-in-tariffs (FIT). The study conducts logistic time series cross-section regression analyses that run on a hazard model. Evidence in support of private interest theory and public interest theory is provided. (a) The existence of a solar energy association increases the probability of a state to adopt regulation. (b) Solar radiation, and(c) the unemployment rate also increase the odds. (d) Electricity market concentration decreases the probability of transition.
Compression behavior of porous dust agglomerates
2012-03-16

\\n Context. The early planetesimal growth proceeds through a sequence of sticking collisions of dust agglomerates. Very uncertain is still the relative velocity regime in which growth rather than destruction can take place. The outcome of a collision depends on the bulk properties of the porous dust agglomerates.\\n Aims. Continuum models of dust agglomerates require a set of material parameters that are often difficult to obtain from laboratory experiments. Here, we aim at determining those parameters from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Our goal is to improve on the existing model that describe the interaction of individual monomers.\\n Methods. We use a molecular dynamics approach featuring a detailed micro-physical model of the interaction of spherical grains. The model includes normal forces, rolling, twisting and sliding between the dust grains. We present a new treatment of wall-particle interaction that allows us to perform customized simulations that directly correspond to laboratory experiments.\\n Results. We find that the existing interaction model by Dominik &amp; Tielens leads to a too soft compressive strength behavior for uni- and omni-directional compression. Upon making the rolling and sliding coefficients stiffer we find excellent agreement in both cases. Additionally, we find that the compressive strength curve depends on the velocity with which the sample is compressed. \\n Conclusions. The modified interaction strengths between two individual dust grains will lead to a different behavior of the whole dust agglomerate. This will influences the sticking probabilities and hence the growth of planetesimals. The new parameter set might possibly lead to an enhanced sticking as more energy can be stored in the system before breakup.\\n
Phylogeny of the Staphylococcal Major Autolysin and Its Use in Genus and Species Typing
2012-03-16

The major staphylococcal autolysin Atl is an important player in cell separation and daughter cell formation. In this study, we investigated the amino acid sequences of Atl proteins derived from 15 staphylococcal and 1 macrococcal species representatives. The overall organization of the bifunctional precursor protein consisting of the signal peptide, a propeptide (PP), the amidase (AM), six repeat sequences (R(1) to R(6)), and the glucosaminidase (GL) was highly conserved in all of the species. The most-conserved domains were the enzyme domains AM and GL; the least-conserved regions were the PP and R regions. An Atl-based phylogenetic tree for the various species representatives correlated well with the corresponding 16S rRNA-based tree and also perfectly matched the phylogenetic trees based on core genome analysis. The phylogenetic distance analysis of 18 AtlA proteins of various Staphylococcus aureus strains and 15 AtlE proteins of S. epidermidis revealed that both species representatives formed a relatively homogeneous cluster. Two S. epidermidis strains, M23864:W1 and VCU116, were identified by Atl typing that clustered far more distantly and belonged to either S. caprae and S. capitis or a new subspecies. Here we show that Atl typing is a useful tool for staphylococcal genus and species typing by using either the highly conserved AM domain or the less-conserved PP domain.
Magnetized black hole on the Taub-NUT instanton
2012-03-16

We present an exact solution to the 5D Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton equations describing a static black hole on Taub-Nut instanton. By construction the solution does not possess a charge, but is magnetized along the compact dimension. As a limit we obtain a new regular solution representing a magnetized Kaluza- Klein monopole. We investigate the relevant physical properties and derive the Smarr-like relations.
On Christopher K. Ansell Pragmatist Democracy: Evolutionary Learning as Public Philosophy. Oxford/New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 2011
2012-03-16

Journal Article On Christopher K. Ansell Pragmatist Democracy: Evolutionary Learning as Public Philosophy. Oxford/New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 2011 Get access Socio-Economic Review, Volume 10, Issue 3, July 2012, Pages 581–604, https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwr040 Published: 16 March 2012
TheMeditationsas a (Philosophical) Autobiography
2012-03-16

This chapter contains sections titled: What Does 'Autobiography' in Antiquity Mean? The Meditations in Literary Context Autobiographic Facts, Traces, and Shadows in the Meditations The Meditations as a 'Philosophical' Autobiography Conclusion Notes References
Bacterial reprogramming of PBMCs impairs monocyte phagocytosis and modulates adaptive T cell responses
2012-03-17

ABSTRACT Septic diseases are characterized by an initial systemic, proinflammatory phase, followed by a period of anti-inflammation. In the context of the latter, monocytes have been described to display altered functions, including reduced TNF secretion and T cell-stimulating capacities in response to recall antigens. This hyporesponsiveness is supposed to be detrimental for coping with secondary infections. We here characterize bacterially reprogrammed PBMC-derived monocytes with special focus on their phagocytic activity. Hence, we have implemented a surrogate model of the early, postinflammatory period by exposing PBMCs to Escherichia coli on d0 and rechallenging them with bacteria on d2. This induced the emergence of a distinct monocytic phenotype with profound phagocytic impairments but a preserved ability for naïve T cell stimulation. The compromising effects on phagocytosis required the presence of bacteria and were not mimicked by TLR4 ligation or exposure to isolated cytokines alone. Moreover, the impairments were specific for the engulfment of bacteria and were coupled to a selective down-regulation of FcγR and SR expression. Intriguingly, this monocytic phenotype contributed to the stimulation of a TH17-polarized adaptive immune response in the context of secondary infection. Our findings extend the current knowledge of monocytic reprogramming and identify the phagocytic capacity of monocytes as a putative sepsis biomarker.
Validity of self-reports of knee-straining activities at work: a field study with 6-month follow-up
2012-03-17

As our study showed, self-reported knee loading may deviate widely from measured exposure. These limitations of self-reporting emphasise the arguments in favour of using objective data whenever possible, for example by complementing self-reported occurrence of knee postures with quantitative measurement data.
Probing for the multiplicative term in modern expectancy–value theory: A latent interaction modeling study.
2012-03-19

In modern expectancy--value theory (EVT) in educational psychology, expectancy and value beliefs additively predict performance, persistence, and task choice. In contrast to earlier formulations of EVT, the multiplicative term Expectancy × Value in regression-type models typically plays no major role in educational psychology. The present study used latent moderated structural equation modeling to explore whether there is empirical support for a multiplicative effect in a sample of 2,508 students at the end of secondary education. Expectancy and four facets of value beliefs (attainment, intrinsic, and utility value as well as cost) predicted achievement when entered separately into a regression equation. Moreover, in models with both expectancy and value beliefs as predictor variables, the expectancy component as well as the multiplicative term Expectancy × Value were consistently found to predict achievement positively.
Facilities for macromolecular crystallography at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
2012-03-19

Three macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamlines at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) are available for the regional, national and international structural biology user community. The state-of-the-art synchrotron beamlines for MX BL14.1, BL14.2 and BL14.3 are located within the low-β section of the BESSY II electron storage ring. All beamlines are fed from a superconducting 7 T wavelength-shifter insertion device. BL14.1 and BL14.2 are energy tunable in the range 5-16 keV, while BL14.3 is a fixed-energy side station operated at 13.8 keV. All three beamlines are equipped with CCD detectors. BL14.1 and BL14.2 are in regular user operation providing about 200 beam days per year and about 600 user shifts to approximately 50 research groups across Europe. BL14.3 has initially been used as a test facility and was brought into regular user mode operation during the year 2010. BL14.1 has recently been upgraded with a microdiffractometer including a mini-κ goniometer and an automated sample changer. Additional user facilities include office space adjacent to the beamlines, a sample preparation laboratory, a biology laboratory (safety level 1) and high-end computing resources. In this article the instrumentation of the beamlines is described, and a summary of the experimental possibilities of the beamlines and the provided ancillary equipment for the user community is given.
Tissue‐based proteomics reveals FXYD3, S100A11 and GSTM3 as novel markers for regional lymph node metastasis in colon cancer
2012-03-19

Abstract Regional lymph node metastasis negatively affects prognosis in colon cancer patients. The molecular processes leading to regional lymph node metastasis are only partially understood and proteomic markers for metastasis are still scarce. Therefore, a tissue‐based proteomic approach was undertaken for identifying proteins associated with regional lymph node metastasis. Two complementary tissue‐based proteomic methods have been employed. MALDI imaging was used for identifying small proteins (≤25 kDa) in situ and label‐free quantitative proteomics was used for identifying larger proteins. A tissue cohort comprising primary colon tumours without metastasis (UICC II, pN0, n = 21) and with lymph node metastasis (UICC III, pN2, n = 33) was analysed. Subsequent validation of identified proteins was done by immunohistochemical staining on an independent tissue cohort consisting of primary colon tumour specimens ( n = 168). MALDI imaging yielded ten discriminating m / z species, and label‐free quantitative proteomics 28 proteins. Two MALDI imaging‐derived candidate proteins (FXYD3 and S100A11) and one from the label‐free quantitative proteomics (GSTM3) were validated on the independent tissue cohort. All three markers correlated significantly with regional lymph node metastasis: FXYD3 ( p = 0.0110), S100A11 ( p = 0.0071), and GSTM3 ( p = 0.0173). FXYD3 and S100A11 were more highly expressed in UICC II patient tumour tissues. GSTM3 was more highly expressed in UICC III patient tumour tissues. By our tissue‐based proteomic approach, we could identify a large panel of proteins which are associated with regional lymph node metastasis and which have not been described so far. Here we show that novel markers for regional lymph metastasis can be identified by MALDI imaging or label‐free quantitative proteomics and subsequently validated on an independent tissue cohort. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Integration of LISP and LISP-MN into INET
2012-03-19

The Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) is a new naming and addressing architecture which is currently standardized in the IETF and which is deemed to improve the scalability and flexibility of the current routing architecture. LISP mobile node (LISP-MN) is an extension to the basic LISP architecture and enables mobile nodes to roam into LISP and non-LISP domains. The basic LISP architecture is currently deployed in a beta-network which can be used to test the protocol behavior on a smaller scale. However, a realistic simulation model for the LISP architecture and its various extensions is still missing. Such a simulation model could be used by researchers to quickly test new extensions on a larger scale for different load and network scenarios.In this paper, we describe the implementation of our model of the LISP architecture and its various extensions in the INET framework for OMNeT++. We present performance results to show the correctness of our model. As a first application, we used the simulation model to assess proposed improvements to LISP-MN and to verify our proposed NAT traversal mechanism for LISP-MN.
The impact of erythrocyte age on eryptosis
2012-03-20

Summary Mature, circulating erythrocytes undergo senescence, which limits their life span to approximately 120 d. Upon injury, erythrocytes may undergo suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, which may accelerate senescence and shorten their survival. Eryptosis is defined as cell shrinkage and exposure of phosphatidylserine at the cell surface. Triggers of eryptosis include oxidative stress. The present study addresses the impact of erythrocyte age on the relative susceptibility to eryptosis. Erythrocytes were separated into five fractions, based on age‐associated differences in density and volume. Cell membrane scrambling was estimated from binding of annexin V to phosphatidylserine at the erythrocyte surface, the cell volume from forward scatter, and the C a 2+ level from F luo‐3‐dependent fluorescence. In addition, glutathione ( GSH ) concentrations were measured by an enzymatic/colourimetric method. After 48 h incubation in R inger solution, A nnexin V binding increased significantly with erythrocyte age. The differences were not accompanied by altered GSH concentrations, but were reversed by addition of the antioxidant N ‐acetyl‐ l ‐cysteine in vitro . Also, N ‐acetyl‐ l ‐cysteine significantly prolonged the half‐life of circulating mouse erythrocytes in vivo . Thus, the susceptibility to eryptosis increases with the age of the erythrocytes, and this effect is at least partially due to enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress.
Pharmacokinetics of Ferroquine, a Novel 4-Aminoquinoline, in Asymptomatic Carriers of Plasmodium falciparum Infections
2012-03-20

ABSTRACT Ferroquine (SSR97193), a ferrocene-quinoline conjugate, is a promising novel antimalarial currently undergoing clinical evaluation. This study characterizes its pharmacokinetic properties. Young male African volunteers with asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection were administered a single oral dose ( n = 40) or a repeated oral dose ( n = 26) given over 3 days of ferroquine in two dose-escalation, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. In addition, a food interaction study was performed in a subsample of participants ( n = 16). The studies were carried out in Lambaréné, Gabon. After single-dose administration of ferroquine, dose linearity was demonstrated in a dose range of 400 to 1,200 mg for maximum mean blood concentrations ([ C max ] 82 to 270 ng/ml) and in a dose range of 400 to 1,600 mg for overall exposure to ferroquine (area under the concentration-time curve [AUC], 13,100 to 49,200 ng · h/ml). Overall mean estimate for blood apparent terminal half-life of ferroquine was 16 days and 31 days for its active and major metabolite desmethylferroquine (SSR97213). In the 3-day repeated-dose study, C max and overall cumulated exposure to ferroquine (AUC cum ) increased in proportion with the dose from day 1 to day 3 between 400 and 800 mg. No major food effect on ferroquine pharmacokinetics was observed after single administration of 100 mg of ferroquine except for a slight delay of time to maximum blood concentration ( t max ) by approximately 3 h. The pharmacokinetics of ferroquine and its active main metabolite are characterized by sustained levels in blood, and the properties of ferroquine as a partner drug in antimalarial combination therapy should be evaluated.
Dianion and Monoanion Ligation of 1,4-Diaza-1,3-butadiene to Barium, Strontium, and Calcium
2012-03-20

Two synthetic protocols, a salt metathesis reaction and a direct metalation, were developed for preparing 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene complexes of barium, strontium, and calcium, in which 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene serves as a dianionic or monoanionic ligand. A salt metathesis reaction of BaI2 with the dipotassium salt of N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene (1; abbreviated (Dip)2DAD) afforded the iodide-bridged dinuclear complex [[K((Dip)2DAD)(THF)2][Ba(μ-I)(THF)2]]2 (2) bearing a dianionic ene-diamide ligand, while the reaction of MI2 (M = Sr, Ca) with the dipotassium salt of 1 gave the mononuclear complexes [M((Dip)2DAD)[THF]4] (4, M = Sr; 5, M = Ca). A direct metalation reaction of barium powder with (Dip)2DAD in the presence of iodine (10 mol%) afforded an iodide-bridged dinuclear complex, [Ba((Dip)2DAD)(μ-I)(THF)2]2 (3), in which (Dip)2DAD coordinates as a monoanionic ligand to the barium center, as was evident from the X-ray analysis and the EPR spectral data. The products from the direct metalation reaction of Sr and Ca powders with 1 in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine (1 mol%) resulted in the formation of mononuclear complexes 4 and 5 bearing the dianionic ene-diamide DAD ligand.
Inadequate Efficacy of a New Formulation of Fosmidomycin-Clindamycin Combination in Mozambican Children Less than Three Years Old with Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
2012-03-20

ABSTRACT The combination of fosmidomycin and clindamycin (F/C) is effective in adults and older children for the treatment of malaria and could be an important alternative to existing artemisinin-based combinations (ACTs) if proven to work in younger children. We conducted an open-label clinical trial to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of F/C for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Mozambican children &lt;3 years of age. Aqueous solutions of the drugs were given for 3 days, and the children were followed up for 28 days. The primary outcome was the PCR-corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response at day 28. Secondary outcomes included day 7 and 28 uncorrected cure rates and fever (FCT) and parasite (PCT) clearance times. Fifty-two children were recruited, but only 37 patients were evaluable for the primary outcome. Day 7 cure rates were high (94.6%; 35/37), but the day 28 PCR-corrected cure rate was 45.9% (17/37). The FCT was short (median, 12 h), but the PCT was longer (median, 72 h) than in previous studies. Tolerability was good, and most common adverse events were related to the recurrence of malaria. The poor efficacy observed for the F/C combination may be a consequence of the new formulations used, differential bioavailability in younger children, naturally occurring variations in parasite sensitivity to the drugs, or an insufficient enhancement of their effects by naturally acquired immunity in young children. Additional studies should be conducted to respond to the many uncertainties arising from this trial, which should not discourage further evaluation of this promising combination.
Discovery of VHE emission towards the Carina arm region with the H.E.S.S. telescope array: HESS J1018–589
2012-03-20

The Carina arm region, containing the supernova remnant SNR G284.3–1.8, the high-energy (HE; E &gt; 100 MeV) binary 1FGL J1018.6–5856 and the energetic pulsar PSR J1016–5857 and its nebula, has been observed with the H.E.S.S. telescope array. The observational coverage of the region in very-high-energy (VHE; E &gt; 0.1 TeV) γ-rays benefits from deep exposure (40 h) of the neighboring open cluster Westerlund 2. The observations have revealed a new extended region of VHE γ-ray emission. The new VHE source HESS J1018–589 shows a bright, point-like emission region positionally coincident with SNR G284.3–1.8 and 1FGL J1018.6–5856 and a diffuse extension towards the direction of PSR J1016–5857. A soft (Γ = 2.7 ± 0.5stat) photon index, with a differential flux at 1 TeV of N0 = (4.2 ± 1.1) × 10-13 TeV-1 cm-2 s-1 is found for the point-like source, whereas the total emission region including the diffuse emission region is well fit by a power-law function with spectral index Γ = 2.9 ± 0.4stat and differential flux at 1 TeV of N0 = (6.8 ± 1.6) × 10-13 TeV-1 cm-2 s-1. This H.E.S.S. detection motivated follow-up X-ray observations with the XMM-Newton satellite to investigate the origin of the VHE emission. The analysis of the XMM-Newton data resulted in the discovery of a bright, non-thermal point-like source (XMMU J101855.4–58564) with a photon index of Γ = 1.65 ± 0.08 in the center of SNR G284.3–1.8, and a thermal, extended emission region coincident with its bright northern filament. The characteristics of this thermal emission are used to estimate the plasma density in the region as n ≈ 0.5 cm-3 (2.9 kpc/d)2. The position of XMMU J101855.4–58564 is compatible with the position reported by the Fermi-LAT collaboration for the binary system 1FGL J1018.6–5856 and the variable Swift XRT source identified with it. The new X-ray data are used alongside archival multi-wavelength data to investigate the relationship between the VHE γ-ray emission from HESS J1018–589 and the various potential counterparts in the Carina arm region.