julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Generic 3D obstacle detection for AGVs using time-of-flight cameras
2016-10-01

Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are useful for a variety of transportation tasks. They usually detect obstacles on the path they are following using 2D laser scanners. If an AGV should be deployed in a shared space with people, 3D information has to be considered as well to detect unforeseen obstacles. These can be small objects on the floor or overhanging parts of larger objects, which cannot be seen by the standard 2D safety scanners. We propose a generic object detection pipeline using 3D time-of-flight cameras, that can be used in real-time on AGVs of low height and demonstrate its robustness to different measurement artefacts.
Spotlight on elotuzumab in the treatment of multiple myeloma: the evidence to date
2016-10-01

Despite advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma, it remains an incurable disease, with relapses and resistances frequently observed. Recently, immunotherapies, in particular, monoclonal antibodies, have become important treatment options in anticancer therapies. Elotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to signaling lymphocytic activation molecule F7, which is highly expressed on myeloma cells and, to a lower extent, on selected leukocyte subsets such as natural killer cells. By directly activating natural killer cells and by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, elotuzumab exhibits a dual mechanism of action leading to myeloma cell death with minimal effects on normal tissue. In several nonclinical models of multiple myeloma, elotuzumab was effective as a single agent and in combination with standard myeloma treatments, supporting the use of elotuzumab in patients. In combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, elotuzumab showed a significant increase in tumor response rates and progression-free survival in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. This review summarizes the nonclinical and clinical development of elotuzumab as a single agent and in combination with established therapies for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Establishment of a novel retinoblastoma (Rb) nude mouse model by intravitreal injection of human Rb Y79 cells – comparison of in vivo analysis versus histological follow up
2016-10-01

ABSTRACT Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most frequent primary intraocular tumour in children and, if left untreated, can cause death. Preclinical animal models that mimic molecular, genetic, and cellular features of cancers are essential for studying cancer and searching for promising diagnosis and treatment modalities. There are several models described for Rb, but none of them fully meet our requirements. The aim of this study was to create a novel xenograft-nude mouse-model with broad application possibilities, which closely resembles the clinical observations of Rb patients and which could be used to investigate the development and spread of the tumour by using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy/optical coherence tomography (SLO/OCT) as well as histology methods. We injected human retinoblastoma Y79 cells intravitreally in both eyes of immune-deficient nude mice. The incidences of retinoblastoma as well as growth velocity were analysed 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after cell injection in vivo by SLO/OCT as well as ex vivo by electron microscopy (EM) and hematoxylin/eosin (HE) staining. Moreover, internal organs were histologically screened for potentially occurring metastases. Three weeks post-injection, animals developed a retinoblastoma, and after five weeks tumour growth resulted in swelling of the eyes in individual animals, showing a similar phenotype to that of untreated Rb patients at advanced stages of tumour-development. After 12 weeks, 67.5% of all analysed eyes (29 of 42) contained a retinoblastoma. At early stages of Rb development, the SLO/OCT analysis correlated with the histology results. If the tumours were too large, only histological investigations were feasible. The ultrastructural characteristics of the xenograft-tumours were very similar to those described for patient's tumours. In one mouse, brain metastases were observed. Our retinoblastoma mouse model closely resembles the human disease. SLO/OCT can be used for the detection of Rb at early stages of development and could be used for monitoring the success of future therapies.
Compressive sensing-based noise radar for automotive applications
2016-10-01

The development of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) towards automated driving comes along with an increased density of on-board sensor systems and more traffic participants using those systems. As a result, a highly increased amount of interference sources have to be expected on the future roads, while state-of-the-art frequency modulated continous wave (FMCW) radar systems are prone to interferences. More robust radar systems such as noise radars are so far only applicable to short ranges because of the high effort in signal acquisition. We show, how Compressive Sensing reduces significantly the effort in the signal acquisition enabling the use of the robust noise radar to automotive mid and long ranges. Our promising results demonstrate that feasible range measurements are obtained for a signal to noise ratio of less than 0 dB while using less than 30 % of the reference signals that are needed in standard cross-correlation approaches.
The role of integrins in primary and secondary brain tumors.
2016-10-01

The tumor environment plays an integral part in the biology of cancer, participating in tumor initiation, progression, and response to therapy. Integrins, a family of cell surface receptors, bridge the extracellular matrix to the intracellular cytoskeleton. Since their first characterization 25 years ago, a vast amount of work has been performed to understand the essential role of integrins in cell development, tissue organization, tumor growth, vessel development and their signaling mechanisms. Their potential as therapeutic targets in various types of cancer is intensively studied. In this review, we discuss the expression patterns and functional role of integrin in primary brain tumors and brain metastases, provide an overview of clinical data on integrin inhibition and their potential application in imaging and therapy of these tumors.
BDNF Val66Met moderates memory impairment, hippocampal function and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease
2016-10-01

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) Val66Met polymorphism is implicated in synaptic excitation and neuronal integrity, and has previously been shown to moderate amyloid-β-related memory decline and hippocampal atrophy in preclinical sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. However, the effect of BDNF in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease is unknown. We aimed to determine the effect of BDNF Val66Met on cognitive function, hippocampal function, tau and amyloid-β in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease. We explored effects of apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) ε4 on these relationships. The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network conducted clinical, neuropsychological, genetic, biomarker and neuroimaging measures at baseline in 131 mutation non-carriers and 143 preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease mutation carriers on average 12 years before clinical symptom onset. BDNF genotype data were obtained for mutation carriers (95 Val 66 homozygotes, 48 Met 66 carriers). Among preclinical mutation carriers, Met 66 carriers had worse memory performance, lower hippocampal glucose metabolism and increased levels of cerebrospinal fluid tau and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) than Val 66 homozygotes. Cortical amyloid-β and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β 42 levels were significantly different from non-carriers but did not differ between preclinical mutation carrier Val 66 homozygotes and Met 66 carriers. There was an effect of APOE on amyloid-β levels, but not cognitive function, glucose metabolism or tau. As in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, the deleterious effects of amyloid-β on memory, hippocampal function, and tau in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease mutation carriers are greater in Met 66 carriers. To date, this is the only genetic factor found to moderate downstream effects of amyloid-β in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease.
The Effect of Polyhexanide, Octenidine Dihydrochloride, and Tea Tree Oil as Topical Antiseptic Agents on In Vivo Microcirculation of the Human Skin: A Noninvasive Quantitative Analysis.
2016-10-01

Perfusion is an important factor for wound healing. Therefore, it might be advantageous if antiseptic agents would increase blood flow. Tea tree oil and polyhexanide have a positive effect on skin blood flow and can therefore be used especially in critically perfused wounds, provided the adverse reactions and the antimicrobial efficacy are comparable.
Outline of a sensory-motor perspective on intrinsically moral agents
2016-10-01

We propose that moral behaviour of artificial agents could (and should) be intrinsically grounded in their own sensory-motor experiences. Such an ability depends critically on seven types of competencies. First, intrinsic morality should be grounded in the internal values of the robot arising from its physiology and embodiment. Second, the moral principles of robots should develop through their interactions with the environment and with other agents. Third, we claim that the dynamics of moral (or social) emotions closely follows that of other non-social emotions used in valuation and decision making. Fourth, we explain how moral emotions can be learned from the observation of others. Fifth, we argue that to assess social interaction, a robot should be able to learn about and understand responsibility and causation. Sixth, we explain how mechanisms that can learn the consequences of actions are necessary for a robot to make moral decisions. Seventh, we describe how the moral evaluation mechanisms outlined can be extended to situations where a robot should understand the goals of others. Finally, we argue that these competencies lay the foundation for robots that can feel guilt, shame and pride, that have compassion and that know how to assign responsibility and blame.
Fault injection ecosystem for assisted safety validation of automotive systems
2016-10-01

The ever-increasing number of safety-related, complex, interconnected electronic systems results in new challenges. We propose a comprehensive fault injection ecosystem applicable along the design process to cope with these challenges. Simulation models are extended with fault injectors and used to assess the effects of faults. Our approach solves challenges specific to abstract system models and the reuse of existing simulation models. The proposed ecosystem consists of a system simulation infrastructure, a fault specification with dynamic fault injection, a fault effect classification and a graphical user interface. The simulation infrastructure enables the reuse and variation of simulation models and supports design space explorations. Our fault specification enables the specification and simulation of faults at different abstraction levels, especially at the abstract system level. The minimal invasive fault injection approach reduces the manual overhead when using existing simulation models and supports models of different abstraction levels. A failure classification extends the traditional verification methods. A graphical user interface simplifies the application and automatic code generation reduces the manual effort. The analysis of a driver assistance system demonstrates the usage of the proposed ecosystem.
Inequality dynamics in the workplace among microbiologists and infectious disease specialists: a qualitative study in five European countries
2016-10-01

Our study offers an effective model for diagnosing discriminatory behaviours in a medical professional setting. Knowledge of inequality's drivers could help national ID/CM societies in collaboration with major European stakeholders to further reduce such discrimination. The effect of discrimination on the quality of healthcare in Europe needs further exploration.
Artifact-compensated time-continuous recording from neural tissue during stimulation using a capacitively coupled in-vitro CMOS-MEA with 4k recording and 1k stimulation sites
2016-10-01

A CMOS MEA with 4k recording and 1k stimulation sites is used for time-continuous recording of neural signals during stimulation. All sites consist of thin metal electrodes on the chip surface covered by a thin high-k dielectric. Recording and stimulation channels are electrically separated but physically superimposed so that recording at the site of stimulation is possible as well as at any other location within the array. A compensation method is introduced to fully compensate for stimulation signal-induced artifacts in the recording channels. Measurement results reveal the feasibility of our approach.
Global extraction of the parton-to-pion fragmentation functions at NLO accuracy in QCD
2016-10-01

In this review, we discuss the results on the parton-to-pion fragmentation functions obtained in a combined NLO fit to data of single-inclusive hadron production in electron-positron annihilation, proton-proton collisions, and lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering. A more complete discussion can be found in Ref. [1].
New transgenic ALS/FTD models on the rat‐walk
2016-10-01

image This Editorial highlights a study by Huang and colleagues in the current issue of Journal of Neurochemistry. The authors introduce a novel ALS‐FTD (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis‐frontotemporal dementia) rat model to explore the role of the UBLQN2 gene that has previously been associated with familial ALS‐FTD. Over‐expression of ubiquilin 2 in the cortex (CTX) and hippocampus of the rat results in ubiquilin 2 aggregates and neurodegeneration together with cognitive deficits. The new rat model not only gives insight into potential molecular underpinnings of ALS‐FTD, but also represents an important new tool for future research and therapeutic approaches. Read the highlighted article ‘Increased Ubqln2 expression causes neuron death in transgenic rats’ on page 285 .
ISQUA16-2381DIGITAL INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE: SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS ON QUALITY AND SAFETY OF CARE
2016-10-01

Data is entered daily at the site level and sent electronically to a central database.Where there is no connectivity the system stores data locally and synchronizes with the central database when connectivity is available.Data received centrally is shared daily via email, including summary data, tables, and graphs, with national and provincial Jhpiego VMMC program managers.Results: Data analyzed daily by site include: number of clients by age, HIV status, and other demographic characteristics and number of procedures performed by individual providers by cadre.Electronic patient records are stored in the central database.Severe complications are reported immediately with inclusion of pictures that help to assess the case for potential referrals.Based on the information provided VMMC managers make prompt decisions on the most efficient location of mobile units, temporary sites, and providers, on better targeting of demand-generation activities, and on strengthening safety and quality by analyzing complication trends.The successful operation of this mobile safety and quality system has helped the Jhpiego/Mozambique VVMC program to annually increase its production keeping a very low rate of complications.Procedures increased from 77,652 in 2012, to 99,942 in 2013, 106,052 in 2014, and 133,677 in 2015.The complication rate has been 0.3% of which only 1/10 were severe.Conclusion: A real-time mobile system with integrated data on patients and providers production by facility helped to consistently expand the VMMC activities in Mozambique with a low rate of complications.Its success was facilitated not only by the timely flow of relevant information but also by its dissemination among key managers, and its use for daily decision-making.The system is simple in its design and operation.The addition of the two new modules being tested and designed will enhance even more the capabilities of the system and its usefulness.
A combined partial volume reduction and super-resolution reconstruction for magnetic resonance images
2016-10-01

Magnetic resonance imaging provides a superior soft tissue contrast and a noninvasive means for automatic diagnosis of tissue pathogenesis. However, like most imaging modalities, it suffers from a compromise between the achievable spatial resolution, scan time efficiency, and signal-to-noise-ratio. To address this difficulty, super-resolution techniques have been proposed to enhance the spatial resolution of images in the post-acquisition steps. Most of those methods are proposed for nonmedical images. Thus, they do not consider the specific requirements of medical imaging in respect of data fidelity. In the present work, we propose a novel approach for super-resolution estimation that simultaneously reduces partial volume effects in order to enhance the edges without introducing artefactual effects to medical images. In this method, instead of using an edge-preserving preconditioner an interpolation based on the reverse diffusion process of material has been incorporated into the iterative estimation of images of higher spatial resolution. The proposed scheme outperforms the edge-preserving preconditioner in terms of image fidelity and speed of estimation.
Optimal Control for the Thin Film Equation: Convergence of a Multi-Parameter Approach to Track State Constraints Avoiding Degeneracies
2016-10-01

We consider an optimal control problem subject to the thin-film equation which is deduced from the Navier--Stokes equation. The PDE constraint lacks well-posedness for general right-hand sides due to possible degeneracies; state constraints are used to circumvent this problematic issue and to ensure well-posedness, and the rigorous derivation of necessary optimality conditions for the optimal control problem is performed. A multi-parameter regularization is considered which addresses both, the possibly degenerate term in the equation and the state constraint, and convergence is shown for vanishing regularization parameters by decoupling both effects. The fully regularized optimal control problem allows for practical simulations which are provided, including the control of a dewetting scenario, to evidence the need of the state constraint, and to motivate proper scalings of involved regularization and numerical parameters.
Returning to the Kamp Mound Group (11C12)
2016-10-01

Abstract This article addresses the use of high-density topographic mapping and geomagnetic fieldwork as part of an ongoing research program focused on evaluating the role of monumental architecture in the construction and maintenance of differing scales of community during Middle (ca. 50 cal B.C.–cal A.D. 400) and Late (ca. cal A.D. 400–1000) Woodland periods in the Lower Illinois River Valley. At the 2013 Center for American Archeology and Arizona State University field school, a 2.46-ha area at the Kamp Mound Group (11C12) containing Mounds 1, 6, 7, 8, and 9 was surveyed using magnetic fluxgate gradiometry and mapped using a high-density robotic total station. Our survey results demonstrate that highly disturbed mounds have significant interpretable structure that can be used as primary data to better understand spatial attributes related to evaluating site organization, distribution of activity areas in nonmounded space, and internal mound structure and composition.
Sparse activity of identified dentate granule cells during spatial exploration
2016-10-03

In the dentate gyrus – a key component of spatial memory circuits – granule cells (GCs) are known to be morphologically diverse and to display heterogeneous activity profiles during behavior. To resolve structure–function relationships, we juxtacellularly recorded and labeled single GCs in freely moving rats. We found that the vast majority of neurons were silent during exploration. Most active GCs displayed a characteristic spike waveform, fired at low rates and showed spatial activity. Primary dendritic parameters were sufficient for classifying neurons as active or silent with high accuracy. Our data thus support a sparse coding scheme in the dentate gyrus and provide a possible link between structural and functional heterogeneity among the GC population.
Regulation of MIR165/166 by class II and class III homeodomain leucine zipper proteins establishes leaf polarity
2016-10-03

Significance Leaves, being the prime photosynthetic organ of plants, are critical in many ways to our current biosphere. A defining characteristic, which also optimizes their function, is their flat shape that depends on the correct patterning of their upper and lower tissues during development. Here, we show that the correct patterning of upper and lower leaf tissues depends on two types of transcription factors (class II and class III homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-ZIPs) that act together to repress a set of miRNAs ( MIR165/166 ), which in turn, represses the activity of these transcription factors (class III HD-ZIPs). This three-way interaction maintains the balance of tissue identities during growth, leading to the formation of a flat leaf.
Cyclotron resonant scattering feature simulations
2016-10-03

Electron cyclotron resonant scattering features (CRSFs) are observed as absorption-like lines in the spectra of X-ray pulsars. A significant fraction of the computing time for Monte Carlo simulations of these quantum mechanical features is spent on the calculation of the mean free path for each individual photon before scattering, since it involves a complex numerical integration over the scattering cross section and the (thermal) velocity distribution of the scattering electrons. We aim to numerically calculate interpolation tables which can be used in CRSF simulations to sample the mean free path of the scattering photon and the momentum of the scattering electron. The tables also contain all the information required for sampling the scattering electron's final spin. The tables were calculated using an adaptive Simpson integration scheme. The energy and angle grids were refined until a prescribed accuracy is reached. The tables are used by our simulation code to produce artificial CRSF spectra. The electron momenta sampled during these simulations were analyzed and justified using theoretically determined boundaries. We present a complete set of tables suited for mean free path calculations of Monte Carlo simulations of the cyclotron scattering process for conditions expected in typical X-ray pulsar accretion columns (0.01<B/B_{crit}<=0.12, where B_{crit}=4.413x10^{13} G and 3keV<=kT<15keV). The sampling of the tables is chosen such that the results have an estimated relative error of at most 1/15 for all points in the grid. The tables are available online at http://www.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/research/cyclo.