julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Earth’s oldest tsunami deposit? Early Archaean high‐energy sediments in the ca 3.48 Ga Dresser Formation (Pilbara, Western Australia)
2022-01-06

Abstract Dynamic sedimentary processes are a key parameter for establishing the habitability of planetary surface environments on Earth and beyond and thus critical for reconstructing the early evolution of life on our planet. This paper presents a sedimentary section from the ca 3.48 Ga Dresser Formation (Pilbara Craton, Western Australia) that contains high‐energy reworked sediments, possibly representing the oldest reported tsunami deposit on Earth to date. Field and petrographic evidence (e.g. up to 20 cm large imbricated clasts, hummocky bedding, Bouma‐type graded sequences) indicate that the high‐energy deposit represents a bi‐directional succession of two debrite–turbidite couplets. This succession can best be explained by deposition related to passage and rebound of tsunami waves. Sedimentary processes were possibly influenced by highly dense silica‐rich seawater. The tsunami was probably triggered by local fault‐induced seismic activity since the Dresser Formation was deposited in a volcanic caldera basin that experienced syndepositional extensional growth faulting. However, alternative triggers (meteorite impact, volcanic eruption) or a combination thereof cannot be excluded. The results of this work indicate a subaquatic habitat that was subject to tsunami‐induced high‐energy disturbance. Potentially, this was a common situation on the early Archaean Earth, which experienced frequent impacts of extraterrestrial bodies. This study thus adds to the scarce record of early Archaean high‐energy deposits and stresses the relevance of high‐energy depositional events for the early evolution of life on Earth.
Effective cell membrane tension is independent of polyacrylamide substrate stiffness
2022-01-06

Abstract Most animal cells are surrounded by a cell membrane and an underlying actomyosin cortex. Both structures are linked, and they are under tension. In-plane membrane tension and cortical tension both influence many cellular processes, including cell migration, division, and endocytosis. However, while actomyosin tension is regulated by substrate stiffness, how membrane tension responds to mechanical substrate properties is currently poorly understood. Here, we probed the effective membrane tension of neurons and fibroblasts cultured on glass and polyacrylamide substrates of varying stiffness using optical tweezers. In contrast to actomyosin-based traction forces, both peak forces and steady-state tether forces of cells cultured on hydrogels were independent of substrate stiffness and did not change after blocking myosin II activity using blebbistatin, indicating that tether and traction forces are not directly linked. Peak forces in fibroblasts on hydrogels were about twice as high as those in neurons, indicating stronger membrane–cortex adhesion in fibroblasts. Steady-state tether forces were generally higher in cells cultured on hydrogels than on glass, which we explain by a mechanical model. Our results provide new insights into the complex regulation of effective membrane tension and pave the way for a deeper understanding of the biological processes it instructs.
η6‐Arene(halogenidoaluminato)lanthanoid(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity for Isoprene Polymerization
2022-01-06

Abstract η 6 ‐Arene(iodido‐/bromido‐aluminato)lanthanoid(III) complexes, [Ln(η 6 ‐C 6 H 5 Me)(AlI 4 ) 3 ] [Ln=La ( 1 ), Ce ( 2 ), Nd ( 3 ), (Gd) ( 4 ); C 6 H 5 Me=toluene], [Ln(η 6 ‐C 6 H 3 Me 3 ‐1,3,5)(AlI 4 ) 3 ] [Ln=La ( 5 ), Ce ( 6 ), Pr ( 7 ), Nd ( 8 ), Sm ( 9 ), Gd ( 10 ); C 6 H 3 Me 3 ‐1,3,5=mesitylene], and [Ln(η 6 ‐C 6 H 5 Me)(AlBr 4 ) 3 ] [Ln=La ( 11 ), Nd ( 12 ), Sm ( 13 )] were prepared by reactions of aluminium triiodide or aluminium tribromide with the corresponding lanthanoid metals and 1,2‐diiodoethane or 1,2‐dibromoethane in an arene (toluene or mesitylene) solution (molar ratio : 6 : 2 : 3). The first X‐ray crystal structures of arene(iodidoaluminato)lanthanoid(III) complexes are reported. The lanthanoid atom is coordinated by an η 6 ‐arene and three chelating κ(I, I′)‐tetraiodidoaluminato ligands. The tetrabromidoaluminate complexes have similar structures. The precatalyst 3 was treated with AlR 3 (R=Me or i Bu) to give [Nd(η 6 ‐C 6 H 5 Me)(AlI 3 R) 3 ] species in situ , which were then tested for catalytic activity towards isoprene polymerization. Although the resulting polyisoprene had a desirable high cis‐ 1,4 content, the catalyst performance was well below known best performing systems and indicates that iodidoaluminates are the least favorable of the halogenidoaluminatolanthanoid(III) complexes.
A combined resources‐strength intervention: Empirical evidence from two streams of the positive psychology approach
2022-01-06

Abstract In the framework of positive psychology approach, the present study reports the effect of a mixed human resources (HR) intervention program. We developed an intervention by the integration of the classic resource‐based intervention with the specific strength training program named FAMILY. Then, we examined the extent to which such a combined intervention enhanced commitment, work engagement, job performance, and decreasing exhaustion of the participants. N = 69 sales consultants operating in an Italian pharmaceutical company participated in our study. To monitor the interventions used, participants had to complete a diary with self‐report measures on the dimensions considered for four weeks. Data were analyzed by using growth models to study the variability of the dimensions considered overtime. Afterward, we used multilevel model analyses to test the associations between them. Our results showed that our combined training intervention increased in‐role and extra‐role performance, emotional commitment, and decreased the reported exhaustion level of the employees. Moreover, relationships among such dimensions have been explored in relation to antecedents that affect them (i.e., negative and positive emotions experienced, and job demands, and resources).
The resting frequency of echolocation signals changes with body temperature in the hipposiderid bat Hipposideros armiger
2022-01-06

ABSTRACT Doppler shift (DS) compensating bats adjust in flight the second harmonic of the constant-frequency component (CF2) of their echolocation signals so that the frequency of the Doppler-shifted echoes returning from ahead is kept constant with high precision (0.1–0.2%) at the so-called reference frequency (fref). This feedback adjustment is mediated by an audio–vocal control system that correlates with a maximal activation of the foveal resonance area in the cochlea. Stationary bats adjust the average CF2 with similar precision at the resting frequency (frest), which is slightly below the fref. Over a range of time periods (from minutes up to years), variations of the coupled fref and frest have been observed, and were attributed to age, social influences and behavioural situations in rhinolophids and hipposiderids, and to body temperature effects and flight activity in Pteronotus parnellii. We assume that, for all DS-compensating bats, a change in body temperature has a strong effect on the activation state of the foveal resonance area in the cochlea, which leads to a concomitant change in emission frequency. We tested our hypothesis in a hipposiderid bat, Hipposideros armiger, and measured how the circadian variation of body temperature at activation phases affected frest. With a miniature temperature logger, we recorded the skin temperature on the back of the bats simultaneously with echolocation signals produced. During warm-up from torpor, strong temperature increases were accompanied by an increase in frest, of up to 1.44 kHz. We discuss the implications of our results for the organization and function of the audio–vocal control systems of all DS-compensating bats.
Water risks to hydropower projects in the face of climate change
2022-01-06

This repository hosts the main outputs from an analysis using the WWF Water Risk Filter to demonstrate how one such tool can be used to screen for a variety of risks at a global scale, including risks to riverine ecosystems from both climate change and hydropower as well as risks to hydropower projects — and operators, owners, and investors — from climate change and potential regulatory or reputational risk arising from negative impacts to ecosystems. The study Using the WWF Water Risk Filter to Screen Existing and Projected Hydropower Projects for Climate and Biodiversity Risks (DOI 10.3390/w14050721) was published in the special issue of the MDPI journal Water: "Hydro-Meteorological Hazards under Climate Change". This product incorporates data from the GRanD v1.3 database which is © Global Water System Project (2011), and from the FHReD database beta version, both datasets available at globaldamwatch.org . The source code used in this study is available at https://github.com/rafaexx/hydropowerClimateChange See the interactive maps using this data at https://rcamargo.shinyapps.io/HydropowerClimateChange
When rain collides with plants—patterns and forces of drop impact and how leaves respond to them
2022-01-07

Abstract Raindrop impact on leaves is a common event which is of relevance for numerous processes, including the dispersal of pathogens and propagules, leaf wax erosion, gas exchange, leaf water absorption, and interception and storage of rainwater by canopies. The process of drop impact is complex, and its outcome depends on many influential factors. The wettability of plants has been recognized as an important parameter which is itself complex and difficult to determine for leaf surfaces. Other important parameters include leaf inclination angle and the ability of leaves to respond elastically to drop impact. Different elastic motions are initiated by drop impact, including local deformation, flapping, torsion, and bending, as well as ‘swinging’ of the petiole. These elastic responses, which occur on different time scales, can affect drop impact directly or indirectly, by changing the leaf inclination. An important feature of drop impact is splashing, meaning the fragmentation of the drop with ejection of satellite droplets. This process is promoted by the kinetic energy of the drop and leaf traits. For instance, a dense trichome cover can suppress splashing. Basic drop impact patterns are presented and discussed for a number of different leaf types, as well as some exemplary mosses.
Pseudomonas Lipopeptide-Mediated Biocontrol: Chemotaxonomy and Biological Activity
2022-01-07

Pseudomonas lipopeptides (Ps-LPs) play crucial roles in bacterial physiology, host–microbe interactions and plant disease control. Beneficial LP producers have mainly been isolated from the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and from bulk soils. Despite their wide geographic distribution and host range, emerging evidence suggests that LP-producing pseudomonads and their corresponding molecules display tight specificity and follow a phylogenetic distribution. About a decade ago, biocontrol LPs were mainly reported from the P. fluorescens group, but this has drastically advanced due to increased LP diversity research. On the one hand, the presence of a close-knit relationship between Pseudomonas taxonomy and the molecule produced may provide a startup toolbox for the delineation of unknown LPs into existing (or novel) LP groups. Furthermore, a taxonomy–molecule match may facilitate decisions regarding antimicrobial activity profiling and subsequent agricultural relevance of such LPs. In this review, we highlight and discuss the production of beneficial Ps-LPs by strains situated within unique taxonomic groups and the lineage-specificity and coevolution of this relationship. We also chronicle the antimicrobial activity demonstrated by these biomolecules in limited plant systems compared with multiple in vitro assays. Our review further stresses the need to systematically elucidate the roles of diverse Ps-LP groups in direct plant–pathogen interactions and in the enhancement of plant innate immunity.
Psychophysiological treatment of chronic tinnitus: A review
2022-01-07

Abstract Subjective chronic tinnitus consists of a more or less continuous perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding acoustic source, which can lead to various psychological problems like depression, anxiety, attentional deficits and sleep disturbances. The prevalence is 10%–15% of the general population. Various therapy and management options have been proposed, but outcomes vary, and no generally accepted cure exists. In this review, the coherence of the most frequently used aetiological models shall be evaluated, and the efficacy of several treatment options will be discussed. With respect to tinnitus treatments, we focus on controlled studies and meta‐analyses. Although there are some therapies that outweigh placebo effects such as cognitive behavioural therapy, neurofeedback or neuromodulation techniques, they mainly target secondary symptoms and not the tinnitus tone itself. Furthermore, positive treatment effects only seem to last for a limited period of time. We conclude that long‐lasting combination therapies such as neurofeedback of auditory cortex inhibitory EEG signatures, cognitive therapy and sound‐tactile stimulation may provide more efficient outcomes if they target the intensity of the tinnitus tone itself and not only secondary psychological symptoms.
Rethinking age heaping again for understanding its possibilities and limitations
2022-01-07

Abstract A'Hearn, Delfino, and Nuvolari recently argued in this journal that the indicator function of age heaping for education, and numeracy in particular, is quite limited. In contrast, we show empirically that by applying the methodological elements that were developed over the past decade, age‐heaping‐based numeracy research can be an important tool for economic history.
Is anti-Mullerian hormone a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese adolescents?
2022-01-07

AMH may be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of PCOS in Chinese adolescent girls. A cutoff value of 6.32 ng/mL best discriminated between PCOS patients and controls. Besides AMH a multivariate predictive model should include TT.
Ground truth validated 3D electrical resistivity imaging of the archaeological deposits at Arma Veirana cave (northern Italy)
2022-01-07

ABSTRACT We present 3D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) imaging of the archaeological deposits at Arma Veirana cave (northern Italy), to date only partially explored. The archaeological importance of the cave is due to the presence of a rich Mousterian layer, traces of Late Upper Palaeolithic (Epigravettian) temporary occupations and an Early Mesolithic burial of a female newborn. ERT is rarely employed in Palaeolithic cave contexts because Palaeolithic remains are typically disseminated in loose deposits and either do not possess high electrical resistivity contrasts or are too small to be detected. Furthermore, some issues can derive from the confined environment in caves. In this view, our study represents an opportunity to assess the capability of this geophysical method to retrieve subsurface information of Palaeolithic cave deposits and create a framework for the improvement of ERT applications in such a peculiar cave context. The aim of this study was to define the features of the deposits (i.e. geometry, thickness and sediment distribution) and to map the morphology of the underlying bedrock. Results reveal that the thickness of the deposits varies both along the primary axis of the cave and transverse to it. This study allowed the recognition of shallow, meter‐sized, fine‐grained sediment‐filled structures with a longitudinal orientation with respect to the primary axis of the cave, as well as a possible erosional‐like structure. The cross‐validation of geophysical results with the archaeological evidence (the Early Mesolithic newborn burial and Epigravettian artefacts) confirms that the low‐resistivity unit could be the most promising from an archaeological point of view.
The influence of different game formats on technical actions and playing time parameters – A study with under-7 and under-9 soccer players in a competitive context
2022-01-07

Soccer competitions in childhood should ensure a high involvement of all players regardless of their talent. The purpose of the present study was to compare soccer players’ technical actions and playing time parameters in 7v7 in comparison to 3v3 (on mini-goals without goalkeepers; under-7) and 5v5 (on 1.65 × 5 m. goals with goalkeepers; under-9) game formats in a competitive context. Using a quasi-experimental within-subject design, tournaments with under-7 ( n = 42) and under-9 ( n = 43) players were conducted. Technical actions and playing time parameters were rated. Based on the total number of technical actions in 7v7, median splits of the samples were conducted to compare differences between high-involved (dominant) and low-involved (non-dominant) players. No differences in the effective playing time comparing game formats within the age groups were found. In total, 7884 technical actions were rated. In both age groups, the total number of technical actions was higher in the smaller game formats. In under-7, the number of technical actions in all variables was higher in 3v3. In under-9, the number of technical actions was also higher in 5v5 except for unsuccessful passes as well as successful 1v1 situations. More unsuccessful 1v1 situations were found in 7v7. Concerning the total number of technical actions, both dominant and non-dominant players in both age groups performed more technical actions in small-sided games. Due to the higher involvement of the children, better conditions for the acquisition of soccer-specific skills in the smaller game formats compared to 7v7 game formats can be concluded.
The prototype X-ray binary GX 339–4: using TeV γ-rays to assess LMXBs as Galactic cosmic ray accelerators
2022-01-07

ABSTRACT Since the discovery of cosmic rays (CRs) over a century ago, their origin remains an open question. Galactic CRs with energy up to the knee (1015 eV) are considered to originate from supernova remnants, but this scenario has recently been questioned due to lack of TeV γ-ray counterparts in many cases. Extragalactic CRs, on the other hand, are thought to be associated with accelerated particles in the relativistic jets launched by supermassive accreting black holes at the centre of galaxies. Scaled down versions of such jets have been detected in X-ray binaries hosting a stellar black hole (BHXBs). In this work, we investigate the possibility that the smaller scale jets in transient outbursts of low-mass BHXBs could be sources of Galactic CRs. To better test this scenario, we model the entire electromagnetic spectrum of such sources focusing on the potential TeV regime, using the ‘canonical’ low-mass BHXB GX 339–4 as a benchmark. Taking into account both the leptonic radiative processes and the γ-rays produced via neutral pion decay from inelastic hadronic interactions, we predict the GeV and TeV γ-ray spectrum of GX 339–4 using lower frequency emission as constraints. Based on this test-case of GX 339–4, we investigate whether other, nearby low-mass BHXBs could be detected by the next-generation very-high-energy γ-ray facility the Cherenkov Telescope Array, which would establish them as additional and numerous potential sources of CRs in the Galaxy.
Whole liver transplantation in children under 10 kg: How to minimize the high risks of a still challenging procedure
2022-01-07

Abstract Background Whole liver transplantation in infants &lt;10 kg is a rare procedure with moderate outcomes (67%–79% graft survival at 1 year) and high rates of vascular complications (hepatic artery thrombosis 5–26%). Methods Retrospective single‐center analysis of whole liver transplantation in infants &lt;10 kg and systematic review of the literature focused on survival rates and surgical complications. Results Between January 2005 and December 2020, 175 liver transplantations in 173 children were performed at our center. A total of 92 (53%) children weighed less than 10 kg; 19 (21%) of them underwent WLT and constitute the study population. Median age of the recipients was 10 months (21 days–24 months) and median body weight 6.5 (3.1–9.8) kg. Median age of the donors was 5 (1–84) months and median body weight 6.1 (4–21) kg. Median donor‐to‐recipient body weight ratio was 1.2 (range: 0.6–4.5). Postoperatively, neither hepatic artery nor portal vein thrombosis occurred. A biliary complication occurred in 4 cases: 1 bile leak (early), 3 anastomotic stenoses (1 delayed and 2 late), and 1 non‐anastomotic stenosis (late). Patient survival rate at 1, 5, and 10 years was 100%, 92%, and 92%, respectively. Overall, death‐censored graft survival after 1, 5, and 10 was 100%. Conclusion Our results are excellent in terms of complications and graft and patient survival. This involves not only high‐end surgical performance but also close interdisciplinary perioperative cooperation based on strong standard operating procedures and mainly focused on fluid management, hemostasiology, and strict monitoring of vessel patency.
Imaging the Rewired Metabolism in Lung Cancer in Relation to Immune Therapy
2022-01-07

Metabolic reprogramming is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Alterations in the micro-environmental metabolic characteristics are recognized as important tools for cancer cells to interact with the resident and infiltrating T-cells within this tumor microenvironment. Cancer-induced metabolic changes in the micro-environment also affect treatment outcomes. In particular, immune therapy efficacy might be blunted because of somatic mutation-driven metabolic determinants of lung cancer such as acidity and oxygenation status. Based on these observations, new onco-immunological treatment strategies increasingly include drugs that interfere with metabolic pathways that consequently affect the composition of the lung cancer tumor microenvironment (TME). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has developed a wide array of tracers targeting metabolic pathways, originally intended to improve cancer detection and staging. Paralleling the developments in understanding metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, as well as its effects on stromal, immune, and endothelial cells, a wave of studies with additional imaging tracers has been published. These tracers are yet underexploited in the perspective of immune therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of currently available PET tracers for clinical studies and discuss their potential roles in the development of effective immune therapeutic strategies, with a focus on lung cancer. We report on ongoing efforts that include PET/CT to understand the outcomes of interactions between cancer cells and T-cells in the lung cancer microenvironment, and we identify areas of research which are yet unchartered. Thereby, we aim to provide a starting point for molecular imaging driven studies to understand and exploit metabolic features of lung cancer to optimize immune therapy.