julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Nonverbal signals speak up: Association between perceptual nonverbal dominance and emotional intelligence
2012-11-08

Emotional communication uses verbal and nonverbal means. In case of conflicting signals, nonverbal information is assumed to have a stronger impact. It is unclear, however, whether perceptual nonverbal dominance varies between individuals and whether it is linked to emotional intelligence. Using audiovisual stimulus material comprising verbal and nonverbal emotional cues that were varied independently, perceptual nonverbal dominance profiles and their relations to emotional intelligence were examined. Nonverbal dominance was found in every participant, ranging from 55 to 100%. Moreover, emotional intelligence, particularly the ability to understand emotions, correlated positively with nonverbal dominance. Furthermore, higher overall emotional intelligence as well as a higher ability to understand emotions were linked to smaller reaction time differences between emotionally incongruent and congruent stimuli. The association between perceptual nonverbal dominance and emotional intelligence, and more specifically the ability to understand emotions, might reflect an adaptive process driven by the experience of higher authenticity in nonverbal cues.
Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the family questionnaire in a Brazilian sample of relatives of schizophrenia outpatients
2012-11-08

Aims and objectives To evaluate the internal reliability and validity of the B razilian P ortuguese version of the F amily Q uestionnaire among families of schizophrenia outpatients. Background The main studies about the family environment of schizophrenia patients are related to the concept of E xpressed E motion. There is currently no instrument to evaluate this concept in B razil that is easily applicable and comparable with studies from other countries. Design Methodological and cross‐sectional research design. Method A convenience sample of 130 relatives of schizophrenia outpatients was selected. The translation and cultural adaptation of the instrument involved experts in mental health and experts in the G erman language and included back translation, semantic evaluation of items and pretesting of the instrument with 30 relatives of schizophrenia outpatients. The psychometric properties of the instrument were studied with another 100 relatives, which fulfilled the requirements for the B razilian P ortuguese version of the instrument. The psychometric properties of the instrument were assessed by construct validity (using an analysis of its key components, comparisons between distinct groups–convergent validity with the A ntonovsky's S ense of C oherence S cale) and reliability (checking the internal consistency of its items and its test–retest reproducibility). Results The analysis of main components confirmed dimensionality patterns that were comparable between the original and adapted versions. In two domains of the instrument, critical comments and emotional over‐involvement had moderate and significant correlations, respectively, with A ntonovsky's S ense of C oherence S cale, appropriate values of C ronbach's alpha and strong and significant correlations, respectively, in test–retest reproducibility. We observed significant differences between distinct groups of parents in the category of emotional over‐involvement. Conclusion We conclude that the P ortuguese‐adapted version of the F amily Q uestionnaire is valid and reliable for the study sample. Relevance to clinical practice This study provided evidence that the F amily Q uestionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing expressed emotion. It is easy and practical to use and is acceptable for use in a B razilian cultural population.
Gas-Chromatographic Enantioseparation of Unfunctionalized Chiral Hydrocarbons: An Overview
2012-11-11

Analytical gas-chromatographic enantioseparations of unfunctionalized chiral hydrocarbons (cycloalkanes and alkanes) on modified cyclodextrins with high-resolution capillary columns are reviewed. Due to the lack of functional groups of the hydrocarbons, enantiorecognition in the presence of cyclodextrins is ascribed to weak van der Waals forces. Thermodynamic parameters of enantiorecognition between four chiral alkanes and octakis(6-O-methyl-2,3-di-O-pentyl)-γ-cyclodextrin (Lipodex G) have been determined. The possible role of molecular inclusion is indicated by the complete loss of enantioselectivity when the cyclodextrins are replaced by the corresponding linear dextrins. The substitution pattern and cavity size of the modified cyclodextrins have a pronounced effect on the degree of enantiorecognition observed. On mixed binary cyclodextrin stationary phases, all C7 and C8 chiral alkanes possessing one stereogenic center can be enantioseparated simultaneously. The methodology has been used to determine enantiomeric excesses, ee, of alkanes formed by the enantioselective catalytic hydrogenation of prochiral alkenes. The novel online coupling of enantioselective gas chromatography with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is demonstrated for 2,4-dimethylhexane and Lipodex G.
Cyclodextrin-Mediated Enantioseparations by Capillary Electrochromatography
2012-11-11

Immobilized cyclodextrin derivatives are used as chiral selectors in various modes of capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The present chapter describes three techniques in detail utilizing CDs in CEC: (1) open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (o-CEC), (2) packed capillary electrochromatography (p-CEC), and (3) monolithic capillary electrochromatography (rod-CEC). Nanoparticle pseudostationary phase capillary electrochromatography (psp-CEC) is briefly discussed.
Towards the keyboard of oz
2012-11-11

Typing on a touchscreen display usually lacks haptic feedback which is crucial for maintaining finger to key assignment, especially for touch typists who are not looking at their keyboard. This leads to typing being substantially more error prone on these devices. We present a soft keyboard model which we developed from typing data collected from users with diverging typing behavior. For data acquisition, we used a simulated perfect classifier we refer to as The Keyboard of Oz. In order to draw near to this classifier we used the complete sensor data of each keystroke and applied supervised machine learning techniques to learn and evaluate an individual keyboard model. The model not only accounts for individual keystroke distributions but also incorporates a classifier based on the images obtained from an optical touch sensor. The resulting highly individual classifier has remarkable classification accuracy. Additionally, we present an approach to compensate for hand drift during typing utilizing a Kalman filter. We show that this filter performs significantly better with the keyboard model which takes raw sensor data into account.
Parse and Corpus-Based Machine Translation
2012-11-11

In this paper the PaCo-MT project is described, in which Parse and Corpus-based Machine Translation has been investigated: a data-driven approach to stochastic syntactic rule-based machine translation.In contrast to the phrase-based statistical machine translation systems (PB-SMT) which are string-based and do not use any linguistic knowledge, an MT engine in a different paradigm was built: a tree-based data-driven system that automatically induces translation rules from a large syntactically analysed parallelcorpus. The architecture is presented in detail as well as an evaluation in comparison with our previous work and with the current state-of-the art PB-SMT system Moses.
Principles and Applications of Halogen Bonding in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology
2012-11-12

Halogen bonding has been known in material science for decades, but until recently, halogen bonds in protein-ligand interactions were largely the result of serendipitous discovery rather than rational design. In this Perspective, we provide insights into the phenomenon of halogen bonding, with special focus on its role in drug discovery. We summarize the theoretical background defining its strength and directionality, provide a systematic analysis of its occurrence and interaction geometries in protein-ligand complexes, and give recent examples where halogen bonding has been successfully harnessed for lead identification and optimization. In light of these data, we discuss the potential and limitations of exploiting halogen bonds for molecular recognition and rational drug design.
Prefrontal correlates of approach preferences for alcohol stimuli in alcohol dependence
2012-11-12

Abstract An approach bias for alcohol stimuli (i.e. faster approach than avoidance reactions) might facilitate relapses in alcohol dependence. Neurobiological models suggest hypersensitivity in the reward system [inter alia nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex ( OFC )] to cause pathologically enhanced approach impulses towards alcohol stimuli. At the same time, in alcohol dependence, these structures are only insufficiently controlled by a hypoactive dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( DLPFC ). The present study investigated the cortical aspects of this model with functional near‐infrared spectroscopy in 21 alcohol‐dependent in‐patients and 21 healthy controls ( HC ; comparable in age, gender and education) during performance of the Approach‐Avoidance Task ( AAT ) for the first time. Complementing previous findings, in reaction times ( RTs ), patients showed stronger approach preferences for alcohol than non‐alcohol stimuli. For non‐alcohol stimuli, patients even displayed avoidance preferences. The reversed pattern was found in HC . Group differences in activity of the OFC were identical to those in RTs , revealing patients to assign higher subjective value to approaching alcohol stimuli. In both groups, regulatory activity in the right DLPFC was stronger during avoiding than approaching alcohol pictures. Probable awareness of the behavioural hypotheses due to explicit task instructions and patients' deficient prefrontal function might account for this equally aligned pattern. Results are discussed with regard to recent findings revealing a reduced behavioural approach bias and risk for relapse by applying a retraining version of the AAT . Functional measurements might serve as a method for monitoring the corresponding neurobiological changes and—possibly—predicting the success of such a training.
SEMISTABILITY OF RESTRICTED TANGENT BUNDLES AND A QUESTION OF I. BISWAS
2012-11-12

Let M be a complex projective manifold with the property that for any compact Riemann surface C and holomorphic map f : C → M the pullback of the tangent bundle of M is semistable. We prove that in this case M is a curve or a finite étale quotient of an abelian variety answering a conjecture of Biswas.
Serum-Derived Plasminogen Is Activated by Apoptotic Cells and Promotes Their Phagocytic Clearance
2012-11-13

Abstract The elimination of apoptotic cells, called efferocytosis, is fundamentally important for tissue homeostasis and prevents the onset of inflammation and autoimmunity. Serum proteins are known to assist in this complex process. In the current study, we performed a multistep chromatographic fractionation of human serum and identified plasminogen, a protein involved in fibrinolysis, wound healing, and tissue remodeling, as a novel serum-derived factor promoting apoptotic cell removal. Even at levels significantly lower than its serum concentration, purified plasminogen strongly enhanced apoptotic prey cell internalization by macrophages. Plasminogen acted mainly on prey cells, whereas on macrophages no enhancement of the engulfment process was observed. We further demonstrate that the efferocytosis-promoting activity essentially required the proteolytic activation of plasminogen and was completely abrogated by the urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and serine protease inhibitor aprotinin. Thus, our study assigns a new function to plasminogen and plasmin in apoptotic cell clearance.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of LiY(CN2)2, Having a Structure Related to That of NiAs
2012-11-13

Abstract The new ternary carbodiimide LiY(CN 2 ) 2 was synthesized by solid state metathesis reaction between YF 3 and Li 2 (CN 2 ) in a silica tube at 550 °C. The X‐ray single‐crystal structure determination yielded an orthorhombic crystal system ( Pbcn , Z = 4, a = 982.0(3), b = 698.5(2), c = 613.4(2) pm). The crystal structure can be considered related to the NiAs structure. The carbodiimide ions are arranged in layers following the motif of a hexagonal closest packing of sticks. Lithium and yttrium cations occupy all octahedral voids in an ordered fashion, alternating on top of each other along the hcp stacking direction.
Effects of inbreeding on mouthpart deformities of Chironomus riparius under sublethal pesticide exposure
2012-11-13

Abstract Mouthpart deformities in chironomids have been reported to indicate adverse effects of environmental pollutants. The authors assessed rates of mouthpart deformities in tributyltin-exposed, inbred, and outcrossed Chironomus riparius larvae over multiple generations. The authors found that the occurrence of mouthpart deformities was significantly correlated with inbreeding, whereas no correlation was found with the tributyltin exposure. The present study confirms the strong effect of high inbreeding rates on developmental deformities in chironomids. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:423–425. © 2012 SETAC
Latent-Variable Approaches to the Jamesian Model of Importance-Weighted Averages
2012-11-13

The individually importance-weighted average (IIWA) model posits that the contribution of specific areas of self-concept to global self-esteem varies systematically with the individual importance placed on each specific component. Although intuitively appealing, this model has weak empirical support; thus, within the framework of a substantive-methodological synergy, we propose a multiple-item latent approach to the IIWA model as applied to a range of self-concept domains (physical, academic, spiritual self-concepts) and subdomains (appearance, math, verbal self-concepts) in young adolescents from two countries. Tests considering simultaneously the effects of self-concept domains on trait self-esteem did not support the IIWA model. On the contrary, support for a normative group importance model was found, in which importance varied as a function of domains but not individuals. Individuals differentially weight the various components of self-concept; however, the weights are largely determined by normative processes, so that little additional information is gained from individual weightings.
Position of the conus medullaris in fetuses with skeletal dysplasia
2012-11-13

ABSTRACT Objectives To examine whether reduced conus distance (CD) measurement may be a marker for impaired growth of the fetal trunk in fetuses with certain types of skeletal dysplasia. Methods Two hundred fifty‐four normal cases and 24 pregnancies with skeletal dysplasia were included. The fetuses with skeletal dysplasia were subdivided into two groups based on the specific diagnosis: skeletal dysplasias with a short trunk and skeletal dysplasias with a normal size trunk. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship of the CD measurement with the biparietal diameter. CD measurements in the two groups of fetuses with skeletal dysplasia were compared using z ‐scores. Results In fetuses with skeletal dysplasia and shortened trunk, the CD measurement was significantly smaller than in the normal population (mean z ‐score −3.7, p &lt; 0.0001). CD measurements in fetuses with skeletal dysplasia but a normal trunk size were similar to the normal population (mean z ‐score −0.1, p = 0.997). Conclusions Short CD is associated with certain types of skeletal dysplasia. As such, measuring the CD may be helpful in diagnosing these conditions. © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
CaV1.3-Driven SK Channel Activation Regulates Pacemaking and Spike Frequency Adaptation in Mouse Chromaffin Cells
2012-11-14

Mouse chromaffin cells (MCCs) fire spontaneous action potentials (APs) at rest. Ca v 1.3 L-type calcium channels sustain the pacemaker current, and their loss results in depolarized resting potentials ( V rest ), spike broadening, and remarkable switches into depolarization block after BayK 8644 application. A functional coupling between Ca v 1.3 and BK channels has been reported but cannot fully account for the aforementioned observations. Here, using Ca v 1.3 −/− mice, we investigated the role of Ca v 1.3 on SK channel activation and how this functional coupling affects the firing patterns induced by sustained current injections. MCCs express SK1–3 channels whose tonic currents are responsible for the slow irregular firing observed at rest. Percentage of frequency increase induced by apamin was found inversely correlated to basal firing frequency. Upon stimulation, MCCs build-up Ca v 1.3-dependent SK currents during the interspike intervals that lead to a notable degree of spike frequency adaptation (SFA). The major contribution of Ca v 1.3 to the subthreshold Ca 2+ charge during an AP-train rather than a specific molecular coupling to SK channels accounts for the reduced SFA of Ca v 1.3 −/− MCCs. Low adaptation ratios due to reduced SK activation associated with Ca v 1.3 deficiency prevent the efficient recovery of Na V channels from inactivation. This promotes a rapid decline of AP amplitudes and facilitates early onset of depolarization block following prolonged stimulation. Thus, besides serving as pacemaker, Ca v 1.3 slows down MCC firing by activating SK channels that maintain Na V channel availability high enough to preserve stable AP waveforms, even upon high-frequency stimulation of chromaffin cells during stress responses.
Organic Molecular Beam Deposition
2012-11-14

We discuss organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) with emphasis on growth studies beyond the first monolayer, that is, the evolution of the film structure and morphology. First, we briefly discuss general issues related to growth physics, including epitaxial relations, surface and interface energies, growth modes, correlation functions, dynamic scaling, and growth exponents. We also point out the general features that distinguish organic systems from inorganic systems, such as the different interaction potentials and the internal degrees of freedom of organic molecules. Then, we discuss selected case studies, organized according to the role of the substrate (insulators, metals, and semiconductors), covering examples from various organic semiconductors, namely, perylene-derivatives (in particular diindeno-perylene (DIP) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA)), phthalocyanines, and oligoacenes (anthracene, tetracene, and pentacene). Finally, we briefly discuss organics-based heterostructures and indicate some open problems and future directions.
No Longer Confidential: Estimating the Confidence of Individual Regression Predictions
2012-11-15

Quantitative predictions in computational life sciences are often based on regression models. The advent of machine learning has led to highly accurate regression models that have gained widespread acceptance. While there are statistical methods available to estimate the global performance of regression models on a test or training dataset, it is often not clear how well this performance transfers to other datasets or how reliable an individual prediction is-a fact that often reduces a user's trust into a computational method. In analogy to the concept of an experimental error, we sketch how estimators for individual prediction errors can be used to provide confidence intervals for individual predictions. Two novel statistical methods, named CONFINE and CONFIVE, can estimate the reliability of an individual prediction based on the local properties of nearby training data. The methods can be applied equally to linear and non-linear regression methods with very little computational overhead. We compare our confidence estimators with other existing confidence and applicability domain estimators on two biologically relevant problems (MHC-peptide binding prediction and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)). Our results suggest that the proposed confidence estimators perform comparable to or better than previously proposed estimation methods. Given a sufficient amount of training data, the estimators exhibit error estimates of high quality. In addition, we observed that the quality of estimated confidence intervals is predictable. We discuss how confidence estimation is influenced by noise, the number of features, and the dataset size. Estimating the confidence in individual prediction in terms of error intervals represents an important step from plain, non-informative predictions towards transparent and interpretable predictions that will help to improve the acceptance of computational methods in the biological community.
Shivasia gen. nov. for the Australasian smut Ustilago solida that historically shifted through five different genera
2012-11-15

The generic position of the enigmatic smut fungus Ustilago solida is evaluated applying molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS and LSU rDNA sequences as well as light and scanning electron microscopical investigations of several collections of this species. Ustilago solida has previously been included in five different genera (Ustilago, Urocystis, Sorosporium, Cintractia, and Tolyposporium), however, molecular analyses revealed that this smut does not belong to any of these genera and represents a distinct ustilaginalean lineage. The closest known phylogenetic relative of Ustilago solida is Heterotolyposporium lepidospermatis, the type species of the monotypic genus Heterotolyposporium. Both smuts differ considerably in both LSU sequences and in several morphological traits, such as the structure of sori and the characteristics of spore balls. Accordingly, the new genus Shivasia is described to accommodate Ustilago solida. This smut infects different Schoenus species (Cyperaceae) in Australia and New Zealand. The description of Shivasia increases the number of endemic smut genera in Australasia to ten. Compared to all other continents the number of endemic smut genera is exceptionally high, which may point at fast evolving characters and/or may be caused by the regional history, including the long-term geographic isolation of Australasia.
Grid laser photocoagulation for macular oedema due to branch retinal vein occlusion in the age of bevacizumab? Results of a prospective study with crossover design
2012-11-15

Functionally and anatomically, BEV appears to be more effective than GLP for the therapy of MO due to BRVO. BCVA is significantly better after 1 year and the anatomical response of the MO is faster. Furthermore, non-responders with persistent MO despite BEV or GLP treatment might benefit from switching therapy.
The Impact of Cognitive Anchors on Information-Sharing Behavior
2012-11-15

In computer-supported information exchange, people frequently tend to withhold their own information and free-ride on the others' contributions. In doing so, they save costs (time and effort) and maximize their own benefit. However, if everyone behaved in this way, there would be no information sharing at all. In this experiment, we tested if the presentation of a random number could serve as a cognitive anchor and influence the amount of shared information. The experimental setting had all the features of an information-exchange dilemma. Before participants could share information, a random generator presented a random number. It was found that this number served as a cognitive anchor and influenced both the participants' behavioral intentions and their actual behavior. Particularly, the high anchor increased cooperation, even though enhanced cooperation was obviously detrimental to the individual's own benefit.