julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Compact stars in massive scalar-tensor theory with extended dilaton potential
2019-01-01

In the present talk we discuss static and slowly rotating neutron stars in scalar-tensor theory with massive scalar field with self-interaction. The examined theory is based on dilaton potential with higher order term in the scalar field. The additional term suppresses the effect of the scalar field but still, large deviations from pure General relativity can be observed for values of the parameters that are in agreement with the observations.
Beyond Indulgences: Luther's Reform of Late Medieval Piety, 1518–1520. Anna Marie Johnson. Early Modern Studies 21. Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press, 2017. xii + 226 pp. $50.
2019-01-01

Beyond Indulgences: Luther's Reform of Late Medieval Piety, 1518–1520. Anna Marie Johnson. Early Modern Studies 21. Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press, 2017. xii + 226 pp. $50. - Volume 72 Issue 1
Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy in LVAD-Driveline Infections: Initial Single-Center Experience
2019-01-01

Objectives: Driveline-exit infection (DEI) is the most frequent long-term complication in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients and effects prognosis and quality of life. An effective local therapy of DEI is not available, and progressive DEI frequently leads to revisions or even pump-changes. We investigated feasibility, safety and effectiveness of local photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) of DEI.
Redox hydrogeochemistry of organic rich floodplain exemplified by Ammer river
2019-01-01

Diffusive groundwater pollution caused by agricultural and atmospheric inputs is a pressing issue in environmental management worldwide. Various researchers have studied nitrate contamination since the substantial increase of nitrogen fertilization in agriculture starting in the second half of the 20 th century. This study addresses large scale reactive solute transport in typical landscapes and aquifers exemplified by geological analogues of southwestern Germany.. Fate of nitrate and other solutes (e.g. agricultural nitrate, ammonium, natural sulfate and dissolved organic carbon) was studied in a typical small river floodplain. Reactive transport model of Ammer river floodplain shows that agriculture nitrate is reduced rapidly in the Ammer floodplain sediments. However, there is a potential for geogenic production of ammonium in sediment layers high in organic carbon and peat, which might be a major source of nitrate in the drains. Part of the nitrate in drains and creeks in the Ammer valley thus could be of geogenic origin. Such findings are relevant for regional land and water quality management.
Variational approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge
2019-01-01

One of the most challenging problems in particle physics is the understanding of the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions allow to explore the detailed properties of hadronic matter at high temperature and/or density. From the theoretical point of view we have access to the finite temperature behaviour of QCD by means of lattice Monte-Carlo simulations. Due to the notorious sign problem this method fails, however, to describe baryonic matter at high density, or more technically QCD at large baryon chemical potential. Therefore alternative non-perturbative approaches to QCD, which do not rely on the lattice formulation and hence do not suffer from the sign problem, are desirable. In recent years much effort has been devoted to develop such non-perturbative continuum approaches. They are either based on Dyson-Schwinger equations or functional renormalization group flow equations, or they exploit the variational principle in the Hamiltonian or covariant formulation of gauge theory. There are also semi-phenomenological approaches assuming a massive gluon propagator or the extended Gribov-Zwanziger action.
Determination of twisting of kinesin molecules during stepping
2019-01-01

Kinesin molecules "walk" on microtubules with 8 nm steps. Typically, it is believed to not twist during the motilty. It is this very aspect that we probe using birefringent microspheres of liquid crystalline material RM257 (Merck) upon placing them under crossed polarizers during motility and also using the Optical Micro-Protractor that uses the optical tweezers and detect the twist and the torque generated by the kinesin molecules during stepping.
Semantic Modelling of Adjective-Noun Collocations Using FrameNet
2019-01-01

In this paper we argue that Frame Semantics (Fillmore, 1982) provides a good framework for semantic modelling of adjective-noun collocations. More specifically, the notion of a frame is rich enough to account for nouns from different semantic classes and to model semantic relations that hold between an adjective and a noun in terms of Frame Elements. We have substantiated these findings by considering a sample of adjective-noun collocations from German such as “enger Freund” ‘close friend’ and “starker Regen” ‘heavy rain’. The data sample is taken from different semantic fields identified in the German wordnet GermaNet (Hamp and Feldweg, 1997; Henrich and Hinrichs, 2010). The study is based on the electronic dictionary DWDS (Klein and Geyken, 2010) and uses the collocation extraction tool Wortprofil (Geyken et al., 2009). The FrameNet modelling is based on the online resource available at http://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu. Since FrameNets are available for a range of typologically different languages, it is feasible to extend the current case study to other languages
Application of Process Based Stratigraphic Modelling: Methods and Theory
2019-01-01

Summary Seismic observations and seismic stratigraphy have opened up the subsurface to the eyes of the geoscientist. Stratigraphy and subsurface morphology are ever better imageable. However, rock properties of reservoirs at technical relevant resolution can be only locally observed in wells. Since it's invention in the late sixties, process based stratigraphic modelling is a wellestablished approach that aims to overcome this problem. It aims to bridge the gap between scales by modeling at sufficient resolution the processes leading to the deposition of the reservoir rocks. Stratigraphic models rely on the quantitative description of sedimentation and the interaction of the structural evolution of sedimentary basins with their hinterland. The models are generated not only to understand the stratigraphic architecture or reservoirs, but also to quantify reservoir distribution and quality. For geologists they are interesting tools as they combine concepts, rules and physical processes which they can observe in the field and laboratory experiments. Even though today the models may still not be able to match all constrains from subsurface observations, they allow us to understand the sensitivity of reservoir distribution to external factors. Higher resolution models can also be used to constrain multipoint statistic models. In this overview paper we aim to describe the key elements of a stratigraphic modelling workflow. Ranging from common techniques to obtain input data to technical approaches for visualization. We finally provide an outlook on future application in cloud-based environments.
Re-analyzing unconscious priming: Is there really an indirect task advantage?
2019-01-01

Many studies in the field of priming claim that masked stimuli are processed without participants’ conscious awareness of these ‘prime’-stimuli. Evidence is often based on two tasks: In the ‘direct’ task, participants try to discriminate or identify the primes and perform close to chance level. This is seen as evidence that participants have no conscious awareness of the primes. Nevertheless, the same prime-stimuli produce clear effects on behavioral or neuro-physiological measures (e.g., reaction times/RTs, skin conductance, EEG, fMRI) in an ‘indirect’ task where participants respond to another ‘target’-stimulus. For example, when prime and target belong to the same category, then there are clear congruency effects (e.g., faster RTs) even though participants only respond to the target but not to the prime. This is seen as evidence that participants discriminated the primes better in the indirect task (unconsciously) than in the direct task (consciously). Such an indirect task advantage (ITA) – that is better discrimination of the prime in the indirect than direct task – would be surprising because the primes are not even task-relevant in the indirect task. Independent of inferences about conscious/unconscious processing we demonstrate that the typical reasoning to conclude an ITA is flawed for statistical reasons. We present a method to re-analyze existing studies based on the typically published results (e.g., t-test or ANOVA). With minimal assumptions, this method allows to test directly whether the indirect task indicates superior processing compared to the direct task. We reanalyzed 13 highly influential studies (overall more than 2800 citations in WebOfScience) and show that – contrary to the original claims of these studies – there is little evidence for better discrimination of the prime in the indirect than direct task. This suggests that some caution is needed with respect to the literature on (unconscious) priming effects.
Introduction: New Approaches to Late Medieval Court Records
2019-01-01

Court records can be some of the most rewarding but also some of the most problematic source types available to the historian of premodernity. This introduction to the ‘New Approaches to Late Medieval Court Records’ Special Collection presents an overview of some of the most important historiography based on these sources, touching on fundamental methodological debates about their nature and the possibilities of their use by historians.
Interrelationships of factors of social development are more complex than Life History Theory predicts
2019-01-01

Abstract Life History Theory (LHT) predicts a monotonous relationship between affluence and the rate of innovations and strong correlations within a cluster of behavioral features. Although both predictions can be true in specific cases, they are incorrect in general. Therefore, the author's explanations may be right, but they do not prove LHT and cannot be generalized to other apparently similar processes.
Categories of Law and Lawlessness in the Perception of Widukind of Corvey
2019-01-01

This article deals with the legal ideas of Widukind of Corvey, the famous Saxon historiographer of the 10th century, and his perception of law, justice, loyalty and abuse of law. The study allowed us to draw the following conclusions. The way, in which Widukind’s Res gestae Saxonicae (“Deeds of the Saxons”) use the concept of lex primarily reflects the perception of laws as a series of objective legal orders which coexist and often come into conflict with each other. Thus Widukind’s law can be understood as an ideal divine organization of the world order, as well as sums of legal regulations of particular regional or ethnic groups. At the same time, the concept of ius loses its key role compared to Antiquity and in most cases denotes a claim, an argument put forward in a dispute. The use of the word iustitia “justice” by the Corvey historian is limited mostly to the third book of his work and is entangled with the Saxon nobility represented by the Duke of Saxony Herman Billung, as well as with the addressee of the work, the daughter of Otton I, Princess Matilda. The article argues that the absence of the sovereign himself depicted as rex iustus in this context must have something to do with Widukind’s detached and critical view of Otto’s power, especially in the first decade of his reign. At the same time, the Corveyan historian remains completely loyal to him, which is clear from such terms as iniuria “abuse of the law” or scelus “crime” intended to describe the deeds of the emperor’s external and internal enemies.
Unas fechas antiguas no hacen una nueva arqueología: la necesidad de integrar métodos arqueométricos y arqueológicos en los estudios de arte rupestre
2019-01-01

An international group of archaeologists specializing in cave art explain the diffi-culties they faced to publish their response to another paper, previously published in Science (Hoffmann et al. 2018), reporting a Neanderthal origin of some Spanish cave pain-tings according to Uranium-thorium method. In their reply, they underlined the diffe-rent sources of error that lead to overestimate the dates and summarized the contra-dictions with archeological arguments. Some American reviewers put more trust in ar-cheometry than in European arqueology, which is unfamiliar to them. Thus, the paper passed through the hands of many reviewers and it took more than one year to finally publish it in Journal of Human Evolution. This whole process illustrates the lack of trans-parency in peer review procedures -although apparently objective and neutral- when renowned authors are concerned.
Kreuz und Weisheit
2019-01-01

Hans-Christian Kammler shows that the crucified Christ is the one and only subject of the entire 1 Corinthians 1:10–3:4. The most controversial text, 1 Corinthians 2:6–16, does not in fact contradict 1 Corinthians 1:18–2:5; it is consistent with this passage and is one of the key texts of Pauline theology. The author concludes that the preaching of wisdom does not transcend the preaching of the cross in quality, nor does it go more deeply into it; both of these are actually identical. The distinction between those who are perfect and the babes in Christ is related to the contradiction between believers and non-believers, but not to a discrepancy within the Christian community.
YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and Nb NanoSQUIDs for the Investigation of Magnetization Reversal of Individual Magnetic Nanoparticles
2019-01-01

We report on the fabrication, performance and application of sensitive YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (YBCO) and Nb nanoSQUIDs to magnetization reversal measurements of individual magnetic nanoparticles. The YBCO SQUIDs are based on grain boundary Josephson junctions and are patterned in a single layer of epitaxially grown YBCO films by Ga focused ion beam milling. The Nb SQUIDs contain sandwich-type Josephson junctions with normal conducting HfTi barriers; they are fabricated with a multilayer technology that includes patterning by e-beam lithography and a combination of milling techniques and chemical-mechanical polishing. Due to the small inductance of the SQUID loops, ultralow white flux noise at 4.2 K can be achieved, which yields spin sensitivities of down to a few Bohr magnetons per unit bandwidth for a magnetic nanoparticle placed at 10 nm distance to the SQUID loop.
A Distributed Neural Network Architecture for Robust Non-Linear Spatio-Temporal Prediction.
2019-01-01

We introduce a distributed spatio-temporal artificial neural network architecture (DISTANA). It encodes mesh nodes using recurrent, neural prediction kernels (PKs), while neural transition kernels (TKs) transfer information between neighboring PKs, together modeling and predicting spatio-temporal time series dynamics. As a consequence, DISTANA assumes that generally applicable causes, which may be locally modified, generate the observed data. DISTANA learns in a parallel, spatially distributed manner, scales to large problem spaces, is capable of approximating complex dynamics, and is particularly robust to overfitting when compared to other competitive ANN models. Moreover, it is applicable to heterogeneously structured meshes.
Correction: The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research
2019-01-01

Correction for 'The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research' by James B. McAlpine et al., Nat. Prod. Rep., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c7np00064b.
Reformas franciscanas y Reforma: el caso de los primeros capuchinos (1525-1542)
2019-01-01

This paper aims to contribute to the historiographical debate about the impact of the Protestant Reformation among the Friar Minors by discussing the case-study represented by the first development of the Capuchin Order. The Capuchins were approved by Clement VII in 1528, just few years after the bull Ite vos (1517) attempted to prevent new divisions within the Franciscans. Their reform movement stood out for its asceticism and mystical spirituality, which attracted the accusation of Lutheranism from the more conservative exponents of the Roman Church. Actually, the «freedom of the Spirit» preached by the Capuchins was not linked to the idea of the «freedom of the Christian» fostered by Luther; it was, instead, influenced by the medieval mystical radicalism of the Spiritual Franciscans whose doctrines were taken up again in 16th century writings. Friars read such works like the heterodox Union of the the soul with God by the observant Bartolomé Cordoni. Nevertheless, a minority of the first Capuchins adhered to Lutheran ideas. Among them was the renowned preacher Bernardino Ochino, who in 1542 left the Catholic faith with some companions from Italy to Calvin’s Geneva and put at risk the very same existence of the Capuchin Order.
Markus-Philologie
2019-01-01

The 4th edition of the first volume of this work provides an update of the commentary on the preamble and articles 1 to 19 in case law and literature. The structure of the book has been retained and its content supplemented by more recent developments, such as the implications of Europeanisation and digitalisation as well as the Corona pandemic. As of the 4th edition, Frauke Brosius-Gersdorf has taken over the editorship of the commentary.
Art facing science: Artistic heuristics for face detection
2019-01-01

Automatic Area Of Interest (AOI) demarcation of facial regions is not yet commonplace in applied eye-tracking research, partially because automatic AOI labeling is prone to error. Most previous eye-tracking studies relied on manual frame-by-frame labeling of facial AOIs. We present a fully automatic approach for facial AOI labeling (i.e., eyes, nose, mouth) and gaze registration within those AOIs, based on modern computer vision techniques combined with heuristics drawn from art. We discuss details in computing gaze analytics, provide proof-of-concept, and a short validation against what we consider ground truth. Relative dwell time over expected AOIs exceeded 98% showing efficacy of the approach.
Quantitative Freedom
2019-01-01

Abstract This chapter investigates two paragons of quantitative approaches to the philosophy of freedom: Friedrich August von Hayek and John Rawls. While they are typically portrayed as occupying opposing spaces on a spectrum from conservative to progressive liberal thinking, they resemble each other much more than meets the eye. On closer inspection, one can see, though, how either thinker assiduously tries to avoid any and all metaphysical underpinnings of his theory and aims to make do with a merely quantitative conception of freedom. These endeavors, however, fail to accomplish their respective – and quite contrary – political goals. Both Hayek and Rawls can only realize their concrete liberal aspirations by tacitly taking recourse to qualitative arguments. The chapter concludes by suggesting that one better give up the pretense that a philosophy of liberty could stand on quantitative grounds alone. Rather, the covert qualitative dimensions of liberal philosophy should be rendered overt so as to facilitate a productive as well as critical engagement with its tenets.
Selected Letters of William Robertson Smith
2019-01-01

William Robertson Smith (1846-1894) gilt als ein wichtiger Vorreiter der Bibelkritik, Sozialanthropologie und Vergleichenden Religionswissenschaft. Dieser Band enthält etwa 400 seiner Briefe an seine Familie, Freunde und Kollegen, welche die Zeit seiner frühen Studententage im Jahre 1863 bis zu seiner letzten Erkrankung im Jahre 1894 umfassen
Introduction
2019-01-01

Abstract This chapter addresses the question why we need to rethink the idea of freedom today in the era of globality. Open societies worldwide have come under increasing pressure lately, being accused of undermining the ecological and social conditions of their own sustainability. In the view of its critics, the idea of freedom no longer offers adequate normative guidance and should be partially corrected or even entirely replaced by countervailing values. But – this is the leitmotif of this chapter – are there not yet unexhausted ways to boost the resilience of the principle of liberalism? Could one revise the principle of liberty in order to revive it? Which traditional teachings of freedom philosophy can, or ought to be, rescued? Is a metaphysical foundation of the idea of freedom still necessary or permissible these days? Trying to answer these questions, this chapter analyses how certain approaches within liberal philosophy – centered on the bifurcation of negative versus positive freedom – faltered, and why a reconstruction of the liberal idea through the lens of quantitative versus qualitative freedom promises more success.
Qualitative Freedom
2019-01-01

Abstract This chapter portrays two thinkers, John Kenneth Galbraith and Amartya Sen, who set out with a qualitative conception of freedom. Both took offense at the contemporary state of affairs in economic policy and, by extension, in economic theory and business education. On their view, neoclassical economics has become myopic by hewing to merely quantitative parameters. However, by extricating from the realm of economic analysis all qualitative and normative considerations, economics has impoverished itself and has robbed economic policy of the requisite means to progress towards a more ecologically, socially, and morally sustainable order of business. As a consequence, Galbraith and Sen reject the merely quantitative conceptions of economic and political liberty buttressing conventional economic wisdom. Instead, they fend for a more self-critical notion of liberty that intellectually and practically realizes the qualitative dimension of freedom in a democratic fashion. Thus, they renew an argument that had already had much currency in metaphysical theories of freedom, i.e. that freedom must not only be pursued in substance but also in procedure. People should not only be passive recipients of the rights and benefits of liberal orders, but also, importantly, their active and transformative architects.
Conclusion
2019-01-01

Abstract This chapter begins with a summary of the results of all previous chapters and continues with the main lessons to be learned for liberal economics and politics. First and foremost, no theory of freedom can succeed that does not recognize the qualitative dimension of freedom; any reduction of the idea of liberty to quantitative metrics alone results in a ‘ reductio ad absurdum ’ or has to rely on an underhanded introjection of qualitative criteria. As a consequence, contemporary liberal philosophy should explicate these implicit qualitative dimensions of the principle of freedom so as to open their content up for academic scrutiny and public discussion. When, however, doing just this and while elucidating which reasons legitimate people’s right to liberty anywhere, we come to see that these very reasons commit us also to advance the freedom of people everywhere and at any time. In sum, individual freedom is not being curbed or curtailed by the call for cosmopolitan responsibility. Rather, through taking on this very responsibility, individuals as well as institutions come closer to the very core of the liberal idea – while at the same time making its reign more broadly acceptable and thus assuring its sustainability over time.