julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
The quantification of reciprocal shoulder strength relation in various working modes at different movement velocities
2001-05-01

Muscular balance appears to be decisive for dynamic shoulder stability, since passive stabilizers do not take effect until the end of range of motion in order to not limit joint mobility. Changes in strength relationships are frequently viewed as one of the causes of shoulder pathologies. However, objective quantification of reciprocal strength relationships is difficult. In particular, the influence of movement velocity on the strength ratios during the test has not been clarified. Determination of the strength relationships of reciprocal muscle groups (quotient of maximum torques) was performed on a total of 166 untrained men (M) and 83 untrained women (F) for extension/flexion, abduction/adduction and rotation movements of the shoulder. Moreover, differentiation was made by various working modes and movement velocities (isometric at various angle positions, concentric at 60°/s and 180°/s, eccentric at 60°/s and 120°/s). The results show a decreasing order of strength relationships: Abduction/Adduction &gt; Flexion/Extension &gt; External/Internal rotation. In spite of marked differences in absolute values, no differences were noted among the contraction modes (isometric, concentric, eccentric) or movement velocities(p&gt;0.05). A slightly reduced ratio of rotational movements in concentric mode was the only conspicuous finding. Unlike isokinetically-determined absolute torque values, a relevant velocity-dependence must not be expected with respect to reciprocal strength relationships of the shoulder muscles. A different (neuro)-muscular structure of the muscle groups involved with a corresponding effect on the strength-performance ratio thus does not appear to be present or cannot be detected in isokinetic tests. However, further research is warranted regarding the effect of the various associated factors (e.g. stabilization) on the reliability and validity of isokinetic findings relating to this specific joint-muscles system.
Modulation of gastric motor activity by a centrally acting stimulus, circular vection, in humans
2001-05-01

The aims of this study were to investigate gastric motor correlates of vection, a centrally acting stimulus, and relate these responses to the induction of motion sickness symptoms. Antral contractile activity and gastric volume retained after a liquid nutrient meal (600 ml) were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in healthy subjects during two different protocols. Vection was induced by an optokinetic drum, and subjects repeatedly rated the intensity of vection and nausea on 0–10 analog scales. Vection delayed gastric emptying {99% (89–102%) [median (interquartile ranges)] of volume retained at 28 min; control situation: 79% (69–81%), P &lt; 0.05}. Antral contractile activity followed a distinct time course of rapid decrease [−64% (−72 to −59%) change from baseline activity] immediately after onset of drum rotation followed by gradual recovery upon withdrawal of the stimulus. No relationship was found between the severity of nausea and inhibition of gastric emptying or antral contractile activity. The inhibition of antral contractile activity appears to be a good measure of the peripheral response to vection but is probably independent of subjective symptom induction.
Synthesis of pyrazole‐fused azepino[5,4,3‐cd]indoles
2001-05-01

Abstract The synthesis of some new pyrazolo[3′,4′:6,7]azepino[5,4,3‐ cd ] indoles (10a‐c) was achieved via regios‐elective cyclization of the respective 3‐(4‐acylaminopyrazol‐5‐yl)indoles (9a‐c) under Bischler‐Napieralski reaction conditions. The latter compounds were obtained by acylation of the corresponding 3‐(4‐aminopyra‐zol‐5‐yl)indoles (8a,b) which, in turn, were prepared by reduction of the 3‐(4‐nitropyrazol‐5‐yl)indoles precursors (7a,b) . The latter synthons were accessible from the reaction of indolylzinc chlorides (5a,b) with 5‐chloro‐1,3‐dimethyl‐4‐nitropyrazole. Ms and nmr spectral data of 10a‐c are in agreement with the assigned azepino‐indole structure as determined for 10a by X‐ray crystal measurements which demonstrate that the azepine ring is almost completely planar with the indole and pyrazole rings.
Effect of an estrogen/statin combination on biochemical markers of endothelial function in human coronary artery cell cultures
2001-05-01

These results indicate that an estrogen/statin combination exerts beneficial effects on the vasculature that seem to be superior to the effects of the monosubstances. The changes found for the biochemical markers can improve endothelial function. The presented results should encourage the performance of clinical studies in cardiovascular risk patients with estrogen/statin combinations.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel tritiated KATP channel opener with a benzopyran structure
2001-05-01

The synthesis of a tritiated benzopyran‐type opener of the ATP‐dependent K + channel (K ATP channel), [ 3 H]‐PKF217 – 744 {(3 S ,4 R )‐ N ‐[3,4‐dihydro‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐6‐(2‐methyl‐4‐pyridinyl)‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐yl]‐3‐[2,6‐ 3 H]pyridinecarboxamide} with a specific activity of 50 Ci mmol −1 is described. Binding of the ligand was studied in membranes from human embryonic kidney cells transfected with the sulphonylurea receptor isoforms, SUR2B and SUR2A, respectively. PKF217 – 744 was confirmed as being a K ATP channel opener by its ability to open the Kir6.1/SUR2B channel, the recombinant form of the vascular K ATP channel, and to inhibit binding of the pinacidil analogue, [ 3 H]‐P1075, to SUR2B ( K i =26 n M ). The kinetics of [ 3 H]‐PKF217 – 744 binding to SUR2B was described by rate constants of association and dissociation of 6.9×10 6 M −1 min −1 and 0.09 min −1 , respectively. Binding of [ 3 H]‐PKF217 – 744 to SUR2B/2A was activated by MgATP (EC 50 ∼3 μ M ) and inhibited (SUR2B) or enhanced (SUR2A) by MgADP. Binding of [ 3 H]‐PKF217 – 744 to SUR2B was inhibited by representatives of the different structural classes of openers and sulphonylureas. K i values were identical with those obtained using the opener [ 3 H]‐P1075 as the radioligand. Glibenclamide accelerated dissociation of the SUR2B‐[ 3 H]‐PKF217 – 744 complex. The data show that the affinity of [ 3 H]‐PKF217 – 744 binding to SUR2B is ∼6 times lower than that of [ 3 H]‐P1075. This is due to a surprisingly slow association rate of the benzopyran‐type ligand, suggesting a complex mechanism of opener binding to SUR. The other pharmacological properties of the two opener radioligands are identical. British Journal of Pharmacology (2001) 133 , 275–285; doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704071
Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis/electrospray-mass spectrometry
2001-05-01

In this review, the progress in hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) since the article of Banks (Banks, J. F., Electrophoresis 1997, 18, 2255–2266) is reported. In all capillary-based electromigration techniques, such as capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), capillary isotachophoresis (CITP), capillary isoelectric focussing (CIEF), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), as well as in the hybrid techniques capillary electrochromatography (CEC), and pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) progress has been made in experimental setups, and for many groups of analytes, such as peptides, proteins, nucleotides, saccharides, drugs and their metabolites, CE/ESI-MS has been successfully applied. Electromigration is further miniaturized. New preconcentration methods allow the investigation of compounds, which are not sensitively detected with ESI-MS. Coordination ion spray (CIS) MS is another method for sensitivity enhancement by on-line formation of charged coordination compounds.
Estimate of the Δ(1232) component in the 12C nucleus
2001-05-01

The cross section for the 12C(γ, π+ p) reaction was measured in the range of the Δ(1232) isobar. The data were analyzed using the models taking into account the nucleon and isobaric degrees of freedom of the 12C nucleus. The conclusion is drawn that in the large-momentum transfer range the π+ p pairs are produced in the course of the direct knocking-out of Δ++ isobar from the nucleus. The probability of finding the Δ isobar in the ground-state 12C nucleus is estimated at 0.018±0.005 Δ isobars per nucleon.
DIFFERENCES AND INFLUENCE OF EMG-TIME QUANTITIES IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH ACHILLES TENDINITIS
2001-05-01

It is assumed that movement patterns of the lower extremities influence the frequency of running-specific complaints. Moreover, these patterns might differ between healthy and injured persons, whereby it is not clear which pattern should be considered physiological. It has been mentioned variously that the natural movement in walking barefoot elicits few complaints. It should thus be possible to demonstrate that movement patterns of patients differ from healthy subjects in shoes, but that the movement behavior of barefoot patients approaches that of healthy individuals. Possible differences in EMG-patterns of the lower extremities were examined in a total of 22 subjects with Achilles tendinitis [AT] and 20 healthy individuals [H]. To characterize the movement behavior, the start [tini], total time [ttot] and time of maximum [tmax] EMG-activity was measured in the Mm. peroneus longus [PM], gastrognemius med. [GM] and lat. [GL] at 12km/h in a treadmill test under randomized conditions (shod, barefoot; ANOVA, Tukey-Kramer's test, α = 0.05). Interpretation of the data was made in relation to the touch down of the foot. The results show a delayed onset of activity of PM in shoes in AT (p < 0.05) with no differences between barefoot and shod conditions in AT and H (p > 0.05). With respect to GM and GL, tini was delayed, tmax was attained later and ttot was lower in AT (p < 0.05). Moreover, the EMG time quantities for GM in AT under barefoot conditions approached those of H, so a difference between AT and H could no longer be determined under barefoot conditions. It is concluded that movement patterns of the lower extremities differ in patients with AT from those of healthy control persons when shoes are worn. If the patients are instructed to walk barefoot, the EMG behavior approaches that of the healthy persons. Optimization of shoes and insoles for patients and in prevention to suit the individual barefoot conditions should be discussed and recommended where appropriate.
ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY, STRENGTH AND STRENGTH ENDURANCE OF THE LOWER LIMB MUSCULATURE TEN YEARS AFTER ACHILLES TENDON REPAIR
2001-05-01

The aim of this study was the long term evaluation of the strength and strength endurance deficit and the electrical control ten years after the injury. 63 patients were tested in the eccentric (60°/s), isometric and concentric (60°/s, 180°/s) mode for plantarflexion and dorsiflexion with an isokinetic device 10.8 years after achilles tendon repture repair. The mean peak torque of the best 3 of 5 movements, the work over 1 minute (180°/s) and mean EMG were evaluated. The circumference of the calf musculature and the range of motion of the ankle (ROM) were measured. Differences to the non-operated side were assessed with the Wilcoxon matched pairs test and adjusted with the Bonferroni method. The mean peak torque in all modes showed no statistically significant difference between the legs ten years after immobilization. The only striking result was the mean EMG for the gastrocnemius-muscle in dorsiflexion. The work over 1 minute was markedly reduced for the operated leg in plantarflexion In contrast, the mean EMG amplitude increased slightly as a sign of increased recruitment. The circumference of the calf musculature and the ROM were also reduced (p < 0.001). It seems that a selective atrophy of the slow twitch fibers is relevant for the durable loss of musculature and the weaker calf musculature in the strength endurance test. Early remobilization should be chosen after reconstruction of the achilles tendon, and more strength endurance training must be done at the end of rehabilitation.
Zusammenhang zwischen flussassoziierter (endothelabhängiger) Vasodilatation und TSH-Spiegeln bei jungen, normotensiven und normoglykämischen Personen
2001-05-01

Background: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is regarded as an early step in the development of atherosclerosis. Recent experimental data showed a crosstalk between endothelial NO-synthase activity and thyrotropin production. Therfore we studied whether basal TSH can predict flow associated vasodilation (FAD) in a cohort of healthy young subjects with normal TSH levels. Patients and methods: FAD was evaluated in 60 normotensive and normoglycemic subjects (mean age 34 years; range 18–50). The mean thyroptropin level was 1.43 ± 0.11 muU/ml (range 0.18–3.52 muU/ml). Results: Comparing subjects in the upper, middle and lower tertile of TSH (2.38 ± 0.14 muU/ml, 1.23 ± 0.04 muU/ml and 0.65 ± 0.06 muU/ml respectively) there was no difference in terms of the classical cardiovascular risk factor profiles (24 h blood pressure, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, oral glucose load and body fat content). Regarding the vascular parameters, we could neither find an independent association with FAD (7.0 ± 1.1%, 6.4 ± 1.0% and 5.8 ± 1.1% respectively) nor with endothelial independent vasodilation (after application of glycerol trinitrate GTN, 17.3 ± 1.9%, 18.4 ± 1.7% bzw. 17.5 ± 1.6% respectively) between the groups. Furthermore, we could not find a significant association between free thyroid hormones (fT3/ fT4) and FAD or GTN-induced vasodilation. Conclusion: TSH has no predictive value towards endothelial dysfunction in subjects with thyrotropin levels within the normal range.
The influence of flight speed on the ranging performance of bats using frequency modulated echolocation pulses
2001-05-01

Many species of bat use ultrasonic frequency-modulated pulses to measure distance to objects. The flight speed of the bat will result in a compression of the echo, and in compression of the time of flight of the signal, both leading to distortion of the perceived range. By comparing Doppler errors incurred with the SCAT-filterbank model and cross-correlation, it was established that the effects of the echo compression are virtually independent of the two receiver models. A cross-correlation model was used to investigate Doppler tolerance of the ranging estimation and range-Doppler coupling separately. Range-Doppler coupling is considered a potential error for bats since a reference time (Tref) does not seem biologically feasible. Without using a reference time, range-Doppler coupling due to echo compression was found to vary between 10 and 30 ms in six bat species. With additional range-Doppler coupling due to the compression of the time of flight (34 ms at 2 m from the target), this leads to perceived target displacements between 4.5 and 6.6 cm at a flight speed of 6 m/s. Range-Doppler coupling can be reduced by linearizing the curvature and by increasing the ratio highest/lowest frequency of the pulse. The study further revealed how pulse duration, bandwidth and harmonics influence Doppler tolerance and range-Doppler coupling.
ERP correlates of associative learning
2001-05-01

We examined changes of event-related potentials (ERPs) while participants learned stimulus-to-stimulus relations in an S1-S2 task. The design allowed for separating processes of associative learning from nonspecific effects. Participants had to respond to S2 by a left or right key-press dependent on S2 identity (letter W or M). Preparation for S2 could be improved by using the associative information given by S1. The S1 was an arrow pointing to the left or right. In combination with its color, arrow direction was informative about location and identity of S2, but participants were not informed about the relevance of color. Arrows in two of the colors were fully predictive for the S2 whereas the third color gave no valid information. This third stimulus controlled for habituation and procedural learning. Six blocks with 200 trials each and all three S1 colors in random order were presented. Behavioral and ERP differences in each block between “learning” and control trials were used to identify processes of associative learning. Several effects of associative learning were identified indicating the involvement of specific stages of information processing: a continuous increase of P3 amplitude evoked by S1 was accompanied by a decrease of P3 evoked by S2. These changes reflected the modifications of stimulus weights for response selection and the strengthened association between the two stimulus complexes in the time course of learning. The related motor preparation benefited from learning too, expressed in a decrease of CNV amplitude and an increase of LRP amplitude. Finally a decrease of N1 amplitude evoked by S2 indicated the reduced need to allocate spatial attention to the S2 location according to the learned meaning of S1.
Gas sensing properties of copper gate metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors
2001-05-01

Metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors with sputtered 100 nm thick copper gates, operated at 180 °C, are sensitive to NO2, with no cross sensitivity either to H2 or CO, in inert atmospheres and air. Sensitivity to NO is present in air only. Flatband voltages shift positive with NO2 stimulus, similarly to gold gates of comparable morphology, but responses are an order of magnitude smaller. Unlike Au, response and relaxation times are independent of NO2 concentration and the signal is affected by negative drift, due to gate oxidation. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measured changes of the work function upon NO2 adsorption, which are larger for copper than gold, are not representative of the corresponding gate-dielectric change.
THE VALIDITY OF THE GAIT LINE IN THE DIFERENTIATION BETWEEN THE GAITS OF HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AND PATIENTS
2001-05-01

The relationship between the onset of complaints and their causal assignment to biomechanical quantities has not been definitively clarified in gait analysis thus far. The use of pedography in recent years has provided the possibility of applying the gait line and attendant quantities to the analysis of various movement patterns under walking conditions. It is, however, not clear whether differentiation can be made by these means between healthy runners and runners with complaints. Overall, 24 healthy runners (CO) and 22 runners with Achilles tendinitis (AT) (mileage/w = 34) were examined in a Test-Re-Test-procedure using a pressure distribution platform (novel Emed-SF, 50Hz, 4 sensors/cm2) at a standardized velocity (5km·h−1). As a geometric quantity of the gait line course, we defined G as the sum of the lateral (Alat) and medial (Amed) area between the gait line and the bisection of plantar angle, normalized to the foot length2 (Fl2). After the reliability of the measuring method was checked, the group differences between CO and AT were analyzed by means of univariate, one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). At a reliability for the quantity G of r = 0.92 and a Test-Retest-Variability of 11.9 ± 8.7 %, the results show statistically significant differences between CO and AT (GCO = 2.37, GAT = 2.02; p < 0.05). Runners with Achilles tendinitis can be differentiated from healthy runners by calculating the gaitline quantity G. More detailed analyses under the forefoot, mid-foot and rearfoot during the various functional phases could permit additional differentiated insight into the relationship between the gait line and complaints.
EXPRESSION OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN HSP72 IN HUMAN LEUKOCYTES - INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXERCISE
2001-05-01

HSP72 is a cell protective stress protein, that is mainly induced by hyperthermia, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines. By using flow cytometry and RT-PCR we investigated the influence of different types of running exercise on HSP72 expression in leukocytes of the peripheral blood. An intensive endurance run (half marathon, HM, ca. 105% of the individual anaerobic threshold, IAT), a short exhaustive run (SER), and a long continuous run (LCR) were compared. Methods: HM: 12 male athletes achieved an intensive endurance run like a competing half marathon (21.1 km, 90.34ñ12.8 min). SER: Another 7 male non-trained subjects performed a graded treadmill test which was followed by a continuous run until exhaustion 15 min later at 110% IAT (10.8ñ0.7 min, max. lactate 8.9ñ0.6 mmolxl−1). LCR: 6 endurance trained subjects performed a continuous run of one hour at 90% IAT on the treadmill. Blood samples were drawn at rest, directly, 3, 24 and 48 h after exercise for determination of differential counts, plasma CK and HSP72 expression in leukocytes. Results: Lactate values after exercise were 5.1ñ2.2 (HM), 9.0ñ2.1 (SER), 2.16ñ0.07 (LCR) mmolxl−1. Plasma CK reached highest values 24 h after exercise, 289.4ñ221 (HM), 133.4ñ91 (SER), 82.0ñ20 (LCR) Uxl−1. The maximal increase of leukocyte counts after exercise was 14.7ñ2.1 (HM), 11.5ñ19.2 (SER), 9.6ñ2.9 (LCR). HM significantly stimulated HSP72 expression in leukocytes at protein- and mRNA-level (p < 0.005) whereas SER revealed only significant effects on RNA-level (p < 0.05). LCR induced significant, but minor increases, which were down-regulated after 48 h. Conclusion: Short time heavy exercise is not very efficient in stimulating HSP72 in peripheral leukocytes. Duration of exercise seems to be of causal importance for the rise of HSP72 expression in leukocytes. Supported by the Bundesinstitut für Sportwissenschaften, Germany.
USE OF PEDOGRAPHY FOR EVALUATION OF RUNNING-SPECIFIC COMPLAINTS BAREFOOT AND SHOD
2001-05-01

It has been demonstrated that differentiation can be made between healthy runners and runners with achilles tendinitis based on the local course of the gait line (G) in walking barefoot. It is not, however, clear whether this differentiation is possible under running conditions and whether in addition the medial velocity component of the gait line (Vmed) must be taken into account. In 11 complaint-free [CO] and 10 runners with achilles tendinitis [AT], we determined G as well as Vmed (treadmill, v = 12km/h) with pressure-sensitive insoles (Pedar mobile, 50 Hz, 1 sensor/2cm2) barefoot and in various running shoes (neutral shoe, stability shoe, barefoot shoe and prototype for prevention of AT complaints). G was defined as the sum of the lateral and medial areas of the gait line in relation to the foot longitudinal axis normalized to the foot length2. Vmed quantified the maximum medial velocity of the gait line during the first 33% of the roll-over process. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the barefoot run and all shoe conditions for G in healthy runners. Moreover, significant differences for G were found in the barefoot run between CO and AT. No differences were found for Vmed between conditions or in group comparison (p > 0.05). It can be conclu-ded that G is a reasonable parameter for characterization of the barefoot roll-over process. The roll-over process under barefoot conditions differs considerably from the shod conditions. The additional determination of Vmed does not, however, permit further differentiation between the groups or the shoes, so that reliable differentiation between various running shoes is not possible.