julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
HS0702+6043 – A new large amplitude sdB variable at the cool end of the instability region
2002-04-01

We report on time series photometry of hot sdB stars from the Hamburg Schmidt survey carried out at the Calar Alto 1.23 m and 2.2 m telescopes. Among 14 spectroscopically selected candidates we detected oscillations in the sdB star HS0702+6043 with a period of 363 s and an amplitude of 29 mmag which is among the largest amplitude observed in sdBV stars. A second period of 382 s with a significantly smaller amplitude (3.8 mmag) might be present. Our NLTE model atmosphere analysis of the time-averaged optical spectra, obtained at the Calar Alto 3.5 m telescope, indicates that HS0702+6043 has K and . This places the star at the cool end of the theoretical sdBV instability strip (EC 14026 stars). Among the other thirteen sdB stars we confirmed the variablity of the previously discovered sdBV HS0815+4243 and identified twelve stars to be stable, for which we give upper limits for light variations.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
2002-04-01

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the most serious infectious complication in critically ill patients, associated with increased length of intensive care unit treatment and high mortality rates. Investigations focused on outcome variables have improved the database to estimate diagnostic and therapeutic management strategies. This knowledge has diminished the importance of the discussion on how to diagnose the pneumonia. This review summarizes recent data on epidemiology and mortality, risk factors and prevention, diagnosis, microbiology and antimicrobial treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Troglitazone Downregulates Δ-6 Desaturase Gene Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle Cell Cultures
2002-04-01

Δ-6 Desaturase, one of the rate-limiting enzymes, catalyzes the conversion of linoleic acid (C18:2 ω6) into γ-linolenic acid (C18:3 ω6), arachidonic acid (C20:4 ω6), and further metabolites. Recently, it has been shown that human Δ-6 desaturase is expressed not only in liver but in a variety of human tissues, including muscle. Skeletal muscle is a major site of insulin action, and insulin sensitivity may be related to the fatty acid composition of muscle lipids. We examined the effects of troglitazone on the regulation of Δ-6 desaturase gene expression in human muscle cell cultures obtained from muscle biopsies (n = 15). Δ-6 Desaturase mRNA and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) mRNA were quantified by two-step RT-PCR, and the activity of the Δ-6 desaturase enzyme was estimated by gas chromatographic analysis of the ω 6-C18:3/C18:2 fatty acids ratio. In cells treated with 11.5 μmol troglitazone for 4 days, PPARγ2 mRNA levels were significantly increased (301.0 ± 51.5%, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and Δ-6 desaturase mRNA levels were significantly decreased (41.7 ± 5.9%, P &amp;lt; 0.0005) compared with the untreated controls. In accordance with the decrease of Δ-6 desaturase mRNA, there was a significant decrease in the ω6-C18:3/C18:2 ratio down to 47.4 ± 7.5% in cholesterol esters, 54.2 ± 7.4% in phospholipids, 56.7 ± 6.5% in nonesterified fatty acids, and 67.7 ± 5.9% in triglycerides. The troglitazone-induced decrease in Δ-6 desaturase mRNA is associated with a change in the unsaturated fatty acid composition of the muscle cells. These results add new aspects to the known thiazolidinedione effects on lipid metabolism.
Effect of two oral contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel on serum and urinary surrogate markers of endothelial function
2002-04-01

These results indicate that the low-dose oral contraceptives can reduce the production of adhesion molecules which play a crucial role in the early stages of atherosclerosis. In addition, these contraceptives can shift the balance of vascular tone towards dominance of vasodilatory substances after 12 cycles of treatment. Thus, the positive influence of these contraceptives on the various markers investigated may improve vascular tone and impede development of atherosclerosis.
Analysis of the Nuclear Distribution of the Translocation t(8;21)-Derived Fusion Protein AML1/ETO by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
2002-04-01

The AML1/ETO protein derived from the t(8;21) translocation retains the DNA binding domain of AML1, the runt homology domain (RHD), and nearly the complete ETO protein with its four nervy homology regions (NHR1-4). To analyze which domains of AML1/ETO are responsible for its intranuclear transport and its subnuclear distribution, AML1/ETO deletion constructs tagged with green fluorescence protein were expressed transiently in 293 cells. The subcellular distribution was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The nuclear localization signal (NLS) of AML1/ETO was mapped to a region encoded by the carboxy-terminal part of NHR1 and the sequences following up to NHR2 corresponding to the amino acids 304-489 of the AML1/ETO protein. A speckled subnuclear distribution was found with those constructs containing the NHR2 and/or the NHR3 and NHR4 domains. Co-localization with AML1/ETO was complete with constructs containing the NHR2 domain, indicating that NHR2 has a crucial role in the subnuclear distribution of AML1/ETO. Co-localization with AML1 seems to be supported by RHD, whereas the NHR3 and NHR4 regions possibly counterbalance this effect. Finally, AML1/ETO could not be co-localized with PML and SUMO-1, indicating that AML1/ETO is not part of the nuclear bodies and probably not SUMOylated.
The multifocal visual evoked potential and cone-isolating stimuli: Implications for L- to M-cone ratios and normalization
2002-04-01

Multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) were recorded with a pattern-reversing display that modulated only the long wavelength-sensitive (L) cones or only the middle wavelength-sensitive (M) cones. Outside the central 5.8 degrees (radius), the ratio of the amplitudes of the mfVEP responses to L- and M-cone modulation varied across the six subjects, ranging from 1.1 to 1.7. The responses from the central 1 degrees (radius) showed a substantially lower ratio, ranging from 0.8 to 1.1 (average of 0.9). The variation among individuals outside the central fovea is probably due to differences in the ratio of the L/M cone input to both magno- and parvocellular pathways. The substantially lower ratios for the central responses is consistent with an L/M cone ratio closer to 1.0 in the central 1 degrees and/or an adjustment in the gain of the L- versus M-cone contributions to the central parvocellular pathways. Taking into consideration evidence from other techniques, we believe it is unlikely that most individuals have a L/M cone ratio of 1.0 in the fovea. Instead, it appears that there is a change in gain before the mfVEP is generated in area 17.
The Expression Profile of Myogenic Transcription Factors in Satellite Cells from Denervated Rat Muscle
2002-04-01

The muscle‐specific transcription factors of the MyoD family are altered after denervation. In order to determine whether this shift takes place in satellite cells (SC), we investigated the expression pattern of MyoD, myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 in SC. Hindlimb muscles of rats were denervated for 2 days to 4 weeks. SC were isolated, pooled and the transcription of all 4 factors was assessed by RT‐PCR. Protein expression was assessed in histological sections of soleus and anterior tibial (TA) muscles; SC were identified by M‐cadherin. Pooled SC from innervated muscles expressed myf5 mRNA, and very weakly MyoD and myogenin mRNA. MyoD and myogenin protein was found in only few SC. After denervation, pooled SC expressed myf5 mRNA, and very weakly myogenin and MRF4 mRNA. Myogenin protein was found in less than about 10% of the cells, whereas MRF4 protein was absent from SC. We conclude that the presence of myf5 and the absence of MyoD and MRF4 protein in SC after denervation indicated the quiescent state of the cell cycle. A subset of SC has additionally acquired myogenin. SC after denervation might be less easily recruited into the mitotic cycle than SC from normal muscle, rendering regeneration of denervated muscle less efficient than normal muscle.
Th2 Dominance of T Helper Cell Response to Preproinsulin in Individuals with Preclinical Type 1 Diabetes
2002-04-01

A bstract : In human type 1 diabetes (T1D) autoantibodies to insulin precede clinical disease, while little is known about the contribution of insulin‐specific T lymphocytes—in particular, T helper (Th) subsets. Here we have studied the in vivo primed cytokine response to preproinsulin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and two major Th cell subsets—CD45RO + memory cells and CD45RA + naive/resting cells—in 35 individuals with HLA‐DRB1*04, DQB1*0302 diabetes risk marker: 12 patients with T1D, 12 autoantibody‐positive (Ab + ) individuals, and 11 healthy controls. Cytokine secretion (TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐10) was measured in the supernatants of the cultures stimulated with 21 overlapping preproinsulin peptides as well as proinsulin and insulin. In Ab + individuals our results reveal higher IL‐4 levels in CD45RO + memory cells and higher IL‐5 levels in CD45RA + naive/resting cells, while higher IL‐2 production was found in PBMCs. In contrast, in PBMCs of T1D patients higher IFN‐γ and IL‐10 secretion was found. Our data delineate characteristic cytokine patterns in peripheral T lymphocytes from patients at different stages of the T1D development.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy into the next decade: from the past to morbidity/mortality trials
2002-04-01

In selected patients, biventricular pacing leads to improvement in left ventricular (LV) performance, especially in the presence of pre-existing marked asynchrony of LV contraction. Improvements are sustained in the great majority of cases, and are accompanied by reduced symptoms, increased walking distance and reduced need for hospitalization. The degree of asynchrony of LV contraction and the amount of myocardial scarring are important parameters that determine the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Improvements in haemodynamics are due not to a positive inotropic effect of pacing but rather to elimination of an unsynchronized energy-wasting contraction pattern. Mortality trials are in progress to assess the effect of CRT on total mortality, arrhythmic mortality and mortality from heart failure.
Machinery element damage in for life‐lubrication elementary chemical mechanisms
2002-04-01

Demand on for‐life lubrication needs to control all mechanisms being present in the tribocontact. Herein we present elementary chemical mechanisms supported by lubricants leading to effective destruction of machinery elements over long time. The chemical process may overtake all other essential mechanisms in for‐life lubrication. As far as known these mechanisms offer a fascination world of unknown reactions.
QUANTUM ENERGIES OF SOLITONS
2002-04-01

For renormalizable models a method is presented to unambiguously compute the\\nenergy that is carried by localized field configurations (solitons). A\\nvariational approach for the total energy is utilized to search for soliton\\nconfigurations. As an example a 1+1 dimensional model is considered. The\\nquantum energy of configurations that are translationally invariant for a\\nsubset of coordinates is discussed.\\n
Vancomycin Resistance: Small Molecule Approaches Targeting the Bacterial Cell Wall Biosynthesis
2002-04-02

Overcoming bacterial defenses: Vancomycin resistances so far described are mainly based on the alteration of a precursor of cell wall biosynthesis. The D-Ala–D-Ala peptide motif of this precursor is changed into D-Ala–D-Lac or D-Ala–D-Ser (see scheme). Two recent approaches represent new ways toward potent small-molecule compounds in order to overcome this type of resistance.
Human cytomegalovirus as a direct pathogen: Correlation of multiorgan involvement and cell distribution with clinical and pathological findings in a case of congenital inclusion disease
2002-04-03

Abstract The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the Herpesviridae, is the most frequent cause of congenital virus infections and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Due to the lack of an appropriate animal model, insight into the pathogenesis of HCMV infections originates primarily from in situ examination of HCMV‐infected tissues. Although in immunocompromised adults such tests are complicated frequently by the presence of additional misleading pathogens, the absence of additional pathogens renders congenital inclusion disease the most suitable access for investigation of pathogenetic aspects of HCMV infections. Immunohistochemical examination of tissue sections from a boy with fatal congenital inclusion disease was undertaken to detect the extent of multiorgan and cell involvement. Adrenal gland, bone marrow, diencephalon, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, placenta, small bowel and spleen were included in this study. Detection of virus antigens from different phases of viral replication revealed that all investigated organs were infected by HCMV. Simultaneous detection of cell type specific marker molecules showed that a variety of cell types stained positive for HCMV antigens including endothelial cells, epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, mesenchymal cells, hepatocytes, monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes. The lung, the pancreas, the kidneys and the liver were the major target organs with a high number of HCMV infected cells. This correlated with multiorgan failure as the cause of death and strongly indicates direct pathogenetic effects of HCMV. J. Med. Virol. 67:200–206, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neutron Polarizabilities Investigated by Quasifree Compton Scattering from the Deuteron
2002-04-08

Measuring Compton scattered photons and recoil neutrons in coincidence, quasifree Compton scattering by the neutron has been investigated at MAMI (Mainz) at theta(lab)(gamma) = 136 degrees in an energy range from 200 to 400 MeV. From the data a polarizability difference of alpha(n)-beta(n) = 9.8+/-3.6(stat)+2.1-1.1(syst)+/-2.2(model) in units of 10(-4) fm(3) has been determined. In combination with the polarizability sum alpha(n)+beta(n) = 15.2+/-0.5 deduced from photoabsorption data, the first precise results for the neutron electric and magnetic polarizabilities, alpha(n) = 12.5+/-1.8(stat)+1.1-0.6(syst)+/-1.1(model) and beta(n) = 2.7-/+1.8(stat)+0.6-1.1(syst)-/+1.1(model), are obtained.
Rotating charged mass shell: Dragging, antidragging, and the gyromagnetic ratio
2002-04-08

We calculate explicitly the system of a spherical shell of radius R, carrying (nearly) arbitrary mass M and charge q, and rotating slowly around an axis through its center. We discuss, mainly graphically in the plane of the model parameters and the following properties of this system: The dragging of inertial frames which turns over to antidragging in part of the parameter space, the induced magnetic field, the angular momentum, the magnetic moment, and the gyromagnetic ratio. The latter is very near to the value 2 in an overwhelming part of the parameter space, and we argue that this signals a deep connection between general relativity and quantum theory which could be important in the search for quantum gravity.
Prosody production and perception: converging evidence from fMRI studies
2002-04-11

Clinical observations of distortions of production and perception of prosody implicate that distinct, non-overlapping neural circuits are responsible for distinct prosodic cues and functions.These observations motivate a question whether similar evidence can be found in the neurologically intact brain.The experiment presented in this paper was constructed to check the neuroanatomical basis of the prosody generator, a functional unit in the phonological system which integrates and controls the variation of prosodic parameters [1].The results show that relatively small, non-overlapping, fronto-basal areas of both the right and the left hemisphere are involved in the generation of prosody.Futhermore, we found clear evidence for the functional lateralization of prosody processing.Generating linguistically geared prosody revealed exclusively left hemisphere activation, while the production of affective prosody revealed right hemisphere activation only.Additionally, our results show interesting analogies with activation patterns of perception paradigms of recent functional imaging studies.
Prosody and scope in German inverse linking constructions
2002-04-11

In German, prosody interacts with quantifier scope. We investigate this interaction in inverse linking constructions. We present evidence from elicited production of linguistically naive speakers supporting the following two claims: 1) There are two kinds of inverse linking constructions of which only the prepositional type requires a marked intonation contour for inverse scope. 2) In the prepositional construction, a double focus contour is employed with inverse scope rather that a topic-focus (rise-fall) contour as previously assumed (Krifka 1998).
Hemispheric lateralization effects of rhythm implementation during syllable repetitions: a fMRI study
2002-04-11

Rhythm in terms of the modulation of syllable durations represents an information-bearing feature of verbal utterances contributing both to the meaning of a sentence (linguistic prosody) as well as a speaker's emotional expression (affective prosody).In order to delineate the neural structures subserving rhythmic shaping of speech production, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed during (a) monotonous syllable repetitions and (b) production of syllable triplets with lengthening either of the initial or final unit.The latter pattern of syllable durations can be considered the prototypical rhythmic structure contributing both to linguistic and affective prosody.A cognitive subtraction approach (rhythmic versus monotonous iterations) revealed activation of right-sided perisylvian areas (superior temporal gyrus, Broca analogon and adjacent premotor cortex) as well as contralateral subcortical structures (putamen and thalamus).Presumably, these responses reflect a righthemisphere rehearsal mechanism of rhythmic patterns and lefthemisphere monitoring of verbal output.
A Case Control Study on Psychopharmacotherapy before Suicide Committed by 61 Psychiatric Inpatients
2002-04-12

Mood stabilisers, especially lithium, should be considered more often in patients with previous suicide attempt(s). When changing antidepressants in affective psychosis, benzodiazepines might be given more deliberate consideration. Patients in all diagnostic categories should be closely guided by means of intensified psychotherapeutic interventions while undergoing a benzodiazepine reduction. The treatment of patients suffering from schizophrenia with full-dose tricyclic regimens should be considered as possibly enhancing the acute suicide risk in some individuals.
The Arabidopsis PILZ group genes encode tubulin-folding cofactor orthologs required for cell division but not cell growth
2002-04-15

Plant microtubules are organized into specific cell cycle-dependent arrays that have been implicated in diverse cellular processes, including cell division and organized cell expansion. Mutations in four Arabidopsis genes collectively called the PILZ group result in lethal embryos that consist of one or a few grossly enlarged cells. The mutant embryos lack microtubules but not actin filaments. Whereas the cytokinesis-specific syntaxin KNOLLE is not localized properly, trafficking of the putative auxin efflux carrier PIN1 to the plasma membrane is normal. The four PILZ group genes were isolated by map-based cloning and are shown to encode orthologs of mammalian tubulin-folding cofactors (TFCs) C, D, and E, and associated small G-protein Arl2 that mediate the formation of α/β-tubulin heterodimers in vitro. The TFC C ortholog, PORCINO, was detected in cytosolic protein complexes and did not colocalize with microtubules. Another gene with a related, although weaker, embryo-lethal phenotype, KIESEL , was shown to encode a TFC A ortholog. Our genetic ablation of microtubules shows their requirement in cell division and vesicle trafficking during cytokinesis, whereas cell growth is mediated by microtubule-independent vesicle trafficking to the plasma membrane during interphase.
Overexpression of the myelin proteolipid protein leads to accumulation of cholesterol and proteolipid protein in endosomes/lysosomes
2002-04-15

Duplications and overexpression of the proteolipid protein (PLP) gene are known to cause the dysmyelinating disorder Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD). To understand the cellular response to overexpressed PLP in PMD, we have overexpressed PLP in BHK cells and primary cultures of oligodendrocytes with the Semliki Forest virus expression system. Overexpressed PLP was routed to late endosomes/lysosomes and caused a sequestration of cholesterol in these compartments. Similar results were seen in transgenic mice overexpressing PLP. With time, the endosomal/lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and PLP led to an increase in the amount of detergent-insoluble cellular cholesterol and PLP. In addition, two fluorescent sphingolipids, BODIPY–lactosylceramide and –galactosylceramide, which under normal conditions are sorted to the Golgi apparatus, were missorted to perinuclear structures. This was also the case for the lipid raft marker glucosylphosphatidylinositol–yellow fluorescence protein, which under normal steady-state conditions is localized on the plasma membrane and to the Golgi complex. Taken together, we show that overexpression of PLP leads to the formation of endosomal/lysosomal accumulations of cholesterol and PLP, accompanied by the mistrafficking of raft components. We propose that these accumulations perturb the process of myelination and impair the viability of oligodendrocytes.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection ofAspergillusDNA in Experimental Models of Invasive Aspergillosis
2002-04-15

To determine the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, results of quantitative culture, PCR-ELISA, and a quantitative LightCycler assay (Roche Diagnostics) of blood and organ specimens of experimentally infected mice and rabbits were compared. By PCR-ELISA, 297 of 379 murine lung specimens were positive, but only 235 of 379 were culture positive. Whereas 64 culture-negative lungs were positive by PCR, Aspergillus was grown from only 2 PCR-negative samples. The PCR assay was 19.4 times more sensitive than culture. None of the 68 blood cultures from mice and rabbits were positive for Aspergillus fumigatus, whereas PCR detected Aspergillus DNA in 17 of 68 blood samples. Quantitative PCR analysis of blood samples showed a fungus load of 10(1)-10(2) cfu/mL of blood. The data confirm the superior sensitivity of PCR for the diagnosis of experimental Aspergillus infections.