julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Utilizing image guided surgery for user interaction in medical augmented reality
2005-01-01

The graphical overlay of additional medical information over the patient during a surgical procedure has long been considered one of the most promising applications of augmented reality. While many experimental systems for augmented reality in medicine have reached an advanced state and can deliver high-quality augmented video streams, they usually depend heavily on specialized dedicated hardware. Such dedicated system components, which originally have been designed for engineering applications or VR research, often are ill-suited for use in the clinical practice. We have described a novel medical augmented reality application, which is based almost exclusively on existing, commercially available, and certified medical equipment [9]. In our system, a so-called image guided surgery device is used for tracking a webcam, which delivers the digital video stream of the physical scene that is augmented with the virtual information.
Finite-Temperature Yang-Mills Theory in Landau Gauge
2005-01-01

The gluon and ghost propagators in Landau Gauge Yang-Mills Theory are investigated. Self-consistent solutions are obtained from their equations of motion above and below the presumed phase transition. Gluon confinement is manifest in these solutions and can be read off the infrared behavior of the gluon and ghost propagators. Confinement prevails below the presumed phase transition. Above and in the infinite temperature limit, a qualitative change is observed: The chromoelectric sector exhibits screening, while long-range chromomagnetic interactions, mediated by soft modes, are still observed. At least part of the gluon spectrum is still confined. These findings agree with corresponding lattice results.
Wavelet Analysis of Cutaneous Blood Flow in Melanocytic Skin Lesions
2005-01-01

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is frequently used to study the microcirculation. Usually LDF time series are analyzed by conventional linear methods, mainly Fourier analysis. The aim of this study was to observe dynamic blood perfusion of the skin in malignant and benign melanocytic skin lesions. Wavelet transformation was performed on each LDF time series in order to calculate a vasomotion field. First, the differences in vasomotion between healthy and pigmented skin were evaluated visually on six different time scales of the vasomotion field. In order to quantify the findings, vasomotion scale variance (VSV) was calculated for each scale plane of the vasomotion field. These VSV were compared using contrast ΔVSV to determine the difference between healthy skin and a pigmented skin lesion in the same patient. After the measurements, the skin lesions were excised and examined histologically. We found that wavelet analysis of LDF time series is a specific, sensitive method for the in vivo identification of malignant melanoma. It is a non-invasive procedure and takes minimal time to be carried out.
Testing tectonic models with geochemical provenance parameters in greywacke
2005-01-01

A variety of models has been proposed for the origin of late Devonian low-grade greywacke, juxtaposed with the high-grade Variscan basement of the Black Forest. Here we interpret detrital zircon ages, and geochemical and Sm–Nd isotopic data of greywacke samples as evidence for their sources and tectonic setting of deposition. Detrital zircon ages of 371–384 Ma reveal igneous activity shortly before the deposition of the greywacke sequence at c . 365 Ma. ε Nd values of c . +3 to −10 in the greywacke samples indicate mixing of juvenile and older crustal material. Samples with low MgO concentrations and ε Nd values of −10 to −4 are interpreted as mostly derived from older granite–gneiss basement. Involvement of a juvenile mafic source is documented by samples with up to 7 wt% MgO and ε Nd values up to +3. Assessment of the composition of the juvenile component shows high concentrations of light REE, and low Sm/Nd and Nb/La ratios, all consistent with a subduction-related origin. We conclude that the greywacke sequence was derived from a late Devonian Andean-type continental margin, implying a cryptic suture in the internal high-grade Variscan basement of the southern Black Forest.
The Collective Atomic Recoil Laser
2005-01-01

An ensemble of periodically ordered atoms coherently scatters the light of an incident laser beam. The scattered and the incident light may interfere and give rise to a light intensity modulation and thus to optical dipole forces which, in turn, emphasize the atomic ordering. This positive feedback is at the origin of the collective atomic recoil laser (CARL). We demonstrate this dynamics using ultracold atoms confined by dipole forces in a unidirectionally pumped far red‐detuned high‐finesse optical ring cavity. Under the influence of an additional dissipative force exerted by an optical molasses the atoms, starting from an unordered distribution, spontaneously form a density grating moving at constant velocity. Additionally, steady state lasing is observed in the reverse direction if the pump laser power exceeds a certain threshold. We compare the dynamics of the atomic trajectories to the behavior of globally coupled oscillators, which exhibit phase transitions from incoherent to coherent states if the coupling strength exceeds a critical value.
Cardiovascular, hormone, and lipid responses to stress induced by virtual crane handling.
2005-01-01

The elevation in lipids during acute stress could be interpreted as an effect of hemoconcentration due to vasoconstriction by catecholamines. The significant increase in cardiovascular parameters and stress hormones during the tasks demonstrate that working in a virtual environment generates mental strain and that the developed MMU-simulator appears to be a promising device for on-the-job training. However, further research is necessary to validate the usefulness of virtual training by means of a comparative study of virtual and real-world training.
Subsidence pattern of a cementless straight titanium alloy femoral stem - A radiographic study with EBRA-FCA
2005-01-01

EBRA (Ein Bild Roentgen Analyse) is a computer-aided algorithm to assess migration of endoprosthetic components. Stem subsidence is measured in comparable radiographs, as defined by the software. Recent studies showed an improved accuracy of EBRA-FCA as compared to standard methods. For the BiCONTACT cementless femoral component, a prospective follow-up study of 250 cases has provided excellent results, with a survival rate of 97.1% after 11 years. For this migration study 93 hips with a complete radiographic follow-up (> 10 x-rays) over 120 months were included. Seventy-one stems were be measured; in 22 stems the measurement was impossible due to heterotopic ossification. Thirty-two hips (45.1%) showed initial subsidence within the first 24 months but no later, and 11 hips (15.5%) had a late onset of subsidence. In nine hips (12.7%) continuous sinking could be found. Nineteen hips (26.8%) had irregular patterns of migration. In 31.0% the overall migration was between 0.5-1mm after 120 months. Six stems (8.5%) had an absolute amount of subsidence exceeding 2mm after 120 months (one more than 3 mm). The mean subsidence was 0.2mm after three months and six months, 0.3mm after 12 months and reached 0.5mm after 10 years. EBRA-FCA is a practicable method to assess migration of the femoral component. There seems to be initial subsidence for about one half of the stems but further movements are rare, which might be a sign for osseo-integration. The radiographic findings correspond to the excellent clinical performance of this stem in long-term follow-up. (Hip International 2005; 15: 85-91).
Subsidence Pattern of a Cementless Straight Titanium Alloy Femoral Stem - A Radiographic Study with EBRA-FCA
2005-01-01

EBRA (Ein Bild Roentgen Analyse) is a computer-aided algorithm to assess migration of endoprosthetic components. Stem subsidence is measured in comparable radiographs, as defined by the software. Recent studies showed an improved accuracy of EBRA-FCA as compared to standard methods. For the BiCONTACT ® cementless femoral component, a prospective follow-up study of 250 cases has provided excellent results, with a survival rate of 97.1% after 11 years. For this migration study 93 hips with a complete radiographic follow-up (&gt;10 x-rays) over 120 months were included. Seventy-one stems were be measured; in 22 stems the measurement was impossible due to heterotopic ossification. Thirty-two hips (45.1%) showed initial subsidence within the first 24 months but no later, and 11 hips (15.5%) had a late onset of subsidence. In nine hips (12.7%) continuous sinking could be found. Nineteen hips (26.8%) had irregular patterns of migration. In 31.0% the overall migration was between 0.5–1mm after 120 months. Six stems (8.5%) had an absolute amount of subsidence exceeding 2mm after 120 months (one more than 3 mm). The mean subsidence was 0.2mm after three months and six months, 0.3mm after 12 months and reached 0.5mm after 10 years. EBRA-FCA is a practicable method to assess migration of the femoral component. There seems to be initial subsidence for about one half of the stems but further movements are rare, which might be a sign for osseo-integration. The radiographic findings correspond to the excellent clinical performance of this stem in long-term follow-up.
Association between Method of Delivery and Puerperal Infectious Complications in the Perinatal Database of Baden-Württemberg 1998–2001
2005-01-01

The strongest argument against caesarean delivery relates to maternal complications. Evidence supporting this for elective operations is controversial. The perinatal database 1998–2001 of the German state of Baden-Württemberg was studied to assess the maternal obstetrical risk associated with caesarean delivery with regard to puerperal infectious complications. For statistical analysis the χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; test, Fisher’s exact test, Mantel-Haenszel statistics and relative risks were used to describe the risk of exposure. Surgical delivery was associated with a significantly higher risk of infectious disorders (p &lt; 0.0001). There was a significantly higher risk of septicaemia in the group undergoing caesarean compared to vaginal delivery (p &lt; 0.0001), for pregnancies with and without risk factors of infection, and also for caesarean delivery prior to labour and rupture of membranes (ROM) and singleton gestations (RR 8.56; 95% CI 4.4–16.65, stratum without risks). The rate of wound disorders was found to be significantly increased in the case of surgical delivery (p &lt; 0.0001). After exclusion of pregnancies with risk factors for infectious complications and multi-fetal gestation, a significantly higher risk was also found for caesarean delivery prior to labour and ROM versus vaginal delivery (RR 16.97; 95% CI 14.16–20.34). Caesarean delivery significantly increased the likelihood that a woman would experience fever in puerperium (p &lt; 0.0001), for pregnancies with and without ante- or perinatal risk factors for infectious complications, and also when caesarean delivery prior to labour and ROM and singletons in the cephalic presentation were considered separately (RR 11.03; 95% CI 9.39–12.96; stratum without risks). Considering the obstetrical challenge of how more women can deliver with fewer complications, reducing unnecessary caesarean delivery still seems to be an appropriate approach.
Current status of vaccination therapy for leukemias.
2005-01-01

Therapeutic vaccination has challenged immunologists and hematologists for more than two decades and has developed from early animal studies to phase III trials in some human malignancies. Acute and chronic leukemias are common diseases in the clinical practice but few vaccination protocols have found their way to phase I trials in leukemias. Therapeutic vaccination protocols share the goal of inducing or augmenting leukemia-specific immune responses in the tumor-bearing host in order to potentially achieve therapeutical benefit in these otherwise fatal diseases. Major interest has been drawn to the use of dendritic cell (DC-based immunotherapy protocols relying on the unique properties of these most powerful antigen-presenting cells. With the bcr-abl oncogene a target of specific immunotherapy has been determined in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), while there is a limited information on leukemia-specific tumor antigens in acute myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukemias. This review will focus on immunotherapy development in acute and chronic leukemias and will discuss published clinical trials in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and CML.
Asymmetrically fused heterocyclic phthalocyaninato nickel(II) adducts: synthesis and characterization
2005-01-01

Reaction of the asymmetrically hexa(2-ethylhexyloxy) substituted nickel phthalocyanine PcNi 1 with the pyridine N-oxides 2a-c to afford the nickel phthalocyanine adducts 3a-c containing furopyridine-type ring is described. The adducts are formed via 1,3-cycloaddtion followed by 1,5-sigmatropic rearrangement.
First record ofPipistrellus pygmaeus(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Anatolia
2005-01-01

Abstract According to morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA sequences, eight very small bats of the Pipistrellus pipistrellus complex captured at the Kuş Cenneti National Park in the Marmara Region of Turkey could be assigned to the recently discovered species Pipistrellus pygmaeus. This finding represents the first record of Pipistrellus pygmaeus in Anatolia and the second in Turkey. The species may be distributed much further along the Aegean coast of Anatolia.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of 4-(4'-(Chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine) Derivatives
2005-01-01

A new series of 4-(4'-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine derivatives (2-5), substituted at nitrogen, were synthesized and tested as potential analgesic compounds as well as evaluated for their effect on hypotensive activity. Results showed that all the derivatives exhibit significant analgesic activity in male Wistar rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight after intramuscular injection, when tested by thermal stimuli (tail flick test). Pethidine was used as reference drug. Compounds 2, 3 and 5 produced reduction in blood pressure in normotensive rat.
MMF and Eye Disease
2005-01-01

Immunosuppressive treatment has shown to be effective in various ocular inflammatory disorders. Factors limiting their use are the individual response and the rate of side effects. This report summarizes our knowledge about the use of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in the treatment of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP), uveitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC), prevention of graft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and scleritis. Controlled studies have been performed for prevention of graft rejection after PK, showing MMF as effective in the prevention of graft rejection as cyclosporine A. In experimental uveitis, MMF has been demonstrated to be highly effective in prevention of retinal destruction. A number of studies have now shown that MMF also seems effective in uveitis. There are also studies with smaller patient groups which point out the effectiveness of MMF in OCP, AKC, and scleritis. In most of the studies, the spectrum of side effects was small, compared to other immunosuppressives.
Laparoscopic Management of the Adult Nonpalpable Testicle
2005-01-01

&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt; This report describes own experiences with laparoscopic management of adult men with cryptorchidism. &lt;i&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;/i&gt; 8 men with nonpalpable testes were referred to our department. Laparoscopy was used to assess the presence and location of the gonad and perform an orchiectomy or orchidopexy, respectively. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; A uni-/bilateral atrophic testicle was palpable in 2 patients under general anesthesia and removed after inguinal exploration. In 4 individuals the testicular vessels and vas deferens were found laparoscopically entering the internal inguinal ring. Two vanishing testicles and 2 atrophic gonads were removed during subsequent inguinal exploration. In 1 patient with a solitary testis, a morphologically intact abdominal testicle was presented. In this patient, endocrine function was lost completely after stage 1 of a Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy. In 1 patient an atrophic abdominal testicle was removed laparoscopically. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; These results demonstrate the suitability of laparoscopy for the treatment of cryptorchidism in the adult population. In most cases, atrophic inguinal gonads or vanishing testicles are found and should be removed. Our results suggest that in cases of intact abdominal testicles, Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy with transection of the spermatic vessels should be avoided to preserve endocrine function of the gonad.
Functional Distances for Genes Based on GO Feature Maps and their Application to Clustering
2005-01-01

With the invention of high throughput methods, researchers are capable of producing large amounts of biological data. During the analysis of such data, the need for a functional grouping of genes arises. In this paper, we propose a new functional distance measure for genes and its application to clustering. The proposed distance is based on the concept of empirical feature maps that are built using the Gene Ontology. Besides, our distance function can be calculated much faster than a previous approach. Finally, we show that using this distance function for clustering produces clusters of genes that are of the same quality as in our previous publication. Therefore, it promises to speed up biological data analysis.
Interaction of thiamin diphosphate with phosphorylated and dephosphorylated mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
2005-01-01

Abstract Kinetic and binding studies were carried out on substrate and cofactor interaction with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from bovine heart. Fluoropyruvate and pyruvamide, previously described as irreversible and allosteric inhibitors, respectively, are strong competitive inhibitors with respect to pyruvate. Binding of thiamin diphosphate was used to study differences between the active dephosphorylated and inactive phosphorylated enzyme states by spectroscopic methods. The change in both the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and the fluorescence of the 6-bromoacetyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene-labelled enzyme complex produced on addition of the cofactor showed similar binding behaviour for both enzyme forms, with slightly higher affinity for the phosphorylated form. Changes in the CD spectrum, especially the negative Cotton effect at 330 nm as a function of cofactor concentration, both in the absence and presence of pyruvate, also revealed no drastic differences between the two enzyme forms. Thus, inactivation of the enzyme activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is not caused by impeding the binding of substrate or cofactor.
An Infrastructure for Anonymous Internet Services
2005-01-01

Although recent research provides many techniques for anonymous web-browsing, anonymous internet services, i.e. to run a web server or file server without revealing ones identity, have received little or no attention. In this paper, we present an approach for anonymous internet services, enabling anonymous web and file servers and to run services like anonymous instant messaging and secure shells. Furthermore, we show how both communication partners can communicate anonymously, thus without revealing neither their identities nor the fact that data is exchanged between them. Similar to
Parallel Bounded Property Checking with SymC
2005-01-01

Abstract. Today, verification of industrial size designs like multi-million gate ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) and SoC (System-on-a-Chip) processors consumes up to 75 % of the design effort. The trend to augment functional verification with formal verification tries to alleviate this problem. Efficient property checking algorithms based on binary decision diagrams (BDDs) and satisfiability (SAT) solvers allow automatic verification of medium-sized designs. However, the steadily increasing design sizes still leave verification the major bottleneck, because formal methodologies do not yet scale to very large designs. To address these problems, we developed the bounded property checking tool SymC. SymC takes properties and a system description as inputs and translates them into a symbolically simulatable representation. SymC performs forward state space traversal for verifying the properties. However, for larger designs SymC cannot complete the traversal due to the state space explosion problem. Therefore, we propose a parallel version of SymC. The main idea of our approach is to split the state set into partitions and delegate traversal of these subsets to nodes on a cluster computer. Depending on the property and the quantification operator, detecting an accepting or rejecting state on one node can immediately abort computation on all other nodes and a witness/counterexample is produced. Otherwise, only the current search path is terminated and the remaining paths are traversed further. Parallel computation shows approximately linear speedups in execution time, enables faster verification of properties and we are able to handle larger designs. 1
REAL TIME ESTIMATION OF REPRODUCTION NUMBERS BASED ON CASE NOTIFICATIONS-Effective reproduction number of primary pneumonic plague
2005-01-01

To estimate the time-dependent transmission potential of primary pneumonic plague (PPP), we analyzed historical records from six outbreaks. Based on contact investigation information (source of infection information) of three outbreaks, we generalized the probability density function of the serial interval with a Gamma distribution using maximum likelihood estimations. Furthermore, we used a likelihood-based approach to estimate effective reproduction numbers at time t, Rt, incorporating records from the remaining three outbreaks by assuming independence within unknown contact networks. According to our estimates, the Rt of PPP during the initial phases of each epidemic were roughly in the order of 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0-4.3) in Oakland, 1.4 (0.0-4.6) in Rangoon and 6.5 (0.0-16.0) in Ecuador. The expected values of Rt were shown to slightly exceed unity, even in latter stages. While declining trends in Rt were observed in Oakland and Ecuador, no such trend was observed in Rangoon. The findings suggest that the three outbreaks investigated could have been accompanied by demographic stochasticity. The statistical usefulness of the transformation procedure, even with a small number of recorded cases available, was demonstrated, and the expected responses to bioterrorism using Yersinia pestis were discussed.
On the B -Injectors of Groups with Components of Small Rank
2005-01-01

ABSTRACT This paper is part of a larger programme investigating the B-injectors in arbitrary groups, more precisely, investigating in which groups the B-injectors are conjugate. To answer this question it is critical to have information on the intersection of the B-injectors with the components of the group. Here we are dealing with components having a factor group isomorphic to G 2(q), 3 D 4(q), S z (q), or R(q). As it is usually quite easy to determine the intersections of B-injectors with components corresponding to Chevally groups of large rank, the groups above among others turn out to be critical in answering the question whether B-injectors are conjugate. #Communicated by M. Cohen. 7. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors' thanks are due to Hans-Joerg Schaeffer for his helpful discussions, and to the DAAD for financial support. Notes #Communicated by M. Cohen.
Microcavity-controlled Single Molecule Fluorescence
2005-01-01

We present for the first time cavity-controlled fluorescence decay curves and narrowed fluorescence spectra of single molecular dipole emitters interacting with the first longitudinal mode of a low-Q metal-clad microcavity at room temperature.