julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Boradigermaallyl: (4+3) Cycloaddition‐Initiated Boron Insertion into Benzene
2023-02-21

Abstract The 2π electron 1,3‐dipole boradigermaallyl, valence‐isoelectronic to an allyl cation, is synthesized from a bis(germylene). It reacts with benzene at room temperature by insertion of a boron atom into the benzene ring. Computational investigation of the mechanism shows the boradigermaallyl reacting with a benzene molecule in a concerted (4+3) or [π4s+π2s] cycloaddition reaction. Thus, the boradigermaallyl acts as a highly reactive dienophile in this cycloaddition reaction with nonactivated benzene as diene unit. This type of reactivity provides a novel platform for ligand assisted borylene insertion chemistry.
Transformation of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the presence of aluminum oxide with pre-sorbed phosphorus ligands
2023-02-21

Naturally occurring oxides could react with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and then change its transformation and toxicity to ecological receptors. The reaction may be affected by a variety of environmental factors, yet the relevant processes and mechanisms are limitedly investigated. Natural prevalent ligands, as an important factor, can sorb on natural oxide minerals and change its surface property, finally affecting ZnO NP transformation. This study investigated the interactions of ZnO NPs with phosphorus ligands (i.e., phytate and orthophosphate) pre-sorbed γ-alumina (γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) via batch experiments and multi-technique analyses. A limited amount of aqueous Zn<sup>2+</sup> is observed when the concentration of ZnO NPs is relatively low (<64.8 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) in the presence of phytate pre-sorbed γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Solid Zn(II) species includes binary/ternary surface Zn(II) complexes on γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with minor amounts of zinc phytate precipitates. As the concentration of ZnO NPs increases, surface Zn(II) complexes gradually transform into zinc phytate and Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (Zn-Al LDH) precipitates. The quantitative analysis indicates that, as the concentration of ZnO NPs increases from 32.4 to 388.8 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, the proportion of Zn(II) species as binary/ternary surface complexes decreases from 81.9 to 30.2%; and the proportion as zinc phytate and Zn-Al LDH increases from 17.9 to 27.6% and 0 to 43.8%, respectively. The pre-sorption of orthophosphate can also inhibit ZnO NP transformation into Zn-Al LDH precipitates on γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. This study suggests that natural ligands pre-existed on natural oxide minerals could greatly influence the solubility, stability, transformation, and fate of easily dissoluble metal oxides (e.g., ZnO) in the environments.
Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as individual treatment option in pediatric patients with very high-risk sarcomas
2023-02-21

Background Prognosis of children with primary disseminated or metastatic relapsed sarcomas remains dismal despite intensification of conventional therapies including high-dose chemotherapy. Since haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) is effective in the treatment of hematological malignancies by mediating a graft versus leukemia effect, we evaluated this approach in pediatric sarcomas as well. Methods Patients with bone Ewing sarcoma or soft tissue sarcoma who received haplo-HSCT as part of clinical trials using CD3+ or TCRα/β+ and CD19+ depletion respectively were evaluated regarding feasibility of treatment and survival. Results We identified 15 patients with primary disseminated disease and 14 with metastatic relapse who were transplanted from a haploidentical donor to improve prognosis. Three-year event-free survival (EFS) was 18,1% and predominantly determined by disease relapse. Survival depended on response to pre-transplant therapy (3y-EFS of patients in complete or very good partial response: 36,4%). However, no patient with metastatic relapse could be rescued. Conclusion Haplo-HSCT for consolidation after conventional therapy seems to be of interest for some, but not for the majority of patients with high-risk pediatric sarcomas. Evaluation of its future use as basis for subsequent humoral or cellular immunotherapies is necessary.
Tumescent local anaesthesia for the surgical therapy of congenital nevi in the first year of life
2023-02-21

Abstract Background The indication for surgical treatment of congenital nevi must be made after individual consideration of the expected benefit and risk and requires careful information of the parents as well as interdisciplinary psychological support. In addition to suspected malignancy, a relevant indication is the risk of stigmatization depending on the size and localization of the nevus. Objective was to show which size reduction of the congenital nevus can be achieved by surgical therapy under tumescent local anaesthesia (TLA) in infancy and how often complications of anaesthesia or surgery occur. Methods All infants up to 12 months of age who underwent surgery for a congenital nevus under TLA at the University Dermatological Clinic Tuebingen between January 2015 and December 2021 were included; surgeries were performed using serial excisions (powerstretching technique), whereby the incisions were made inside the nevus and mobilization was strictly limited to the skin side without nevus. Results Overall, a cumulative total area of 38.65 cm 2 could be removed on average within the first year of life (trunk: 67 cm 2 , head: 21.2 cm 2 , legs: 21.6 cm 2 , arms: 13.2 cm 2 ). A cumulative maximum area reduction of 406.9 cm 2 could be achieved. We evaluated 363 surgical sites (123 children) on all body regions. The median age of the children at the first surgery was 3.5 months (0.46–10.7 months). Complications occurred in 2.3% (seven procedures). All these complications were reversible in the course of the operation and did not lead to a prolonged hospital stay. No anaesthesia‐related complications occurred. Conclusion We were able to show that a reduction of large areas of congenital nevi is possible in the first year of life with the combination of serial excisions using powerstretching technique, TLA, and intracutaneous butterfly sutures.
Probing the Przybylski star for deuterium
2023-02-21

Abstract The Przybylski star spectrum has been studied in order to search for deuterium lines. Since this star is extremely enriched in the s ‐process elements, which are the product of interaction between free neutrons and seed nuclei, we might as well expect to detect deuterium in this star. However, no visible spectroscopic manifestation of deuterium has been detected. Perhaps, the reason of this result is the convective “destruction” of this isotope.
Deceiving oneself into faith?
2023-02-21

Abstract “Follow the way by which they began; by acting as if they believed, taking the holy water, having masses said, etc.” The well-known lines from Pascal’s much-discussed fragment “infini rien” have been much commented on. In this context, the keyword self-deception comes up surprisingly often, partly as a criticism of Pascal’s presumed strategy, partly in an attempt to make these lines fruitful for the current discussion on self-deception. I remind the latter attempts to consider an important condition for the success of the “regimen”, which becomes clear when one reflects on the internal characterisation of Pascal’s interlocutor. For if we take into account the kind of self-knowledge we must ascribe to her, we cannot regard her as someone whom acting-as-if naturally leads to faith, but as someone who has already been touched by the grace of God.
Rank-Adaptive Time Integration of Tree Tensor Networks
2023-02-22

A rank-adaptive integrator for the approximate solution of high-order tensor differential equations by tree tensor networks is proposed and analyzed. In a recursion from the leaves to the root, the integrator updates bases and then evolves connection tensors by a Galerkin method in the augmented subspace spanned by the new and old bases. This is followed by rank truncation within a specified error tolerance. The memory requirements are linear in the order of the tensor and linear in the maximal mode dimension. The integrator is robust to small singular values of matricizations of the connection tensors. Up to the rank truncation error, which is controlled by the given error tolerance, the integrator preserves norm and energy for Schro"\\\\dinger equations, and it dissipates the energy in gradient systems. Numerical experiments with a basic quantum spin system illustrate the behavior of the proposed algorithm.
Peripheral Inflammation Links with the Severity of Clinical Phenotype in Spinocerebellar Ataxia 2
2023-02-22

ABSTRACT Background The role of peripheral inflammation in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is unknown. Objective The objective of this study was to identify peripheral inflammation biomarkers and their relationship with the clinical and molecular features. Methods Blood cell count–derived inflammatory indices were measured in 39 SCA2 subjects and their matched controls. Clinical scores of ataxia, nonataxia, and cognitive dysfunction were assessed. Results The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the Systemic Inflammation Index (SII), and the Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI) were significantly increased in SCA2 subjects compared with controls. The increases in PLR, SII, and AISI were even observed in preclinical carriers. NLR, PLR, and SII were correlated with the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia speech item score rather than with the total score. The NLR and SII were correlated with the nonataxia and the cognitive scores. Conclusions Peripheral inflammatory indices are biomarkers in SCA2, which may help to design future immunomodulatory trials and advance our understanding of the disease. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
From professional aspirations to identity confirmation and transformation: The case of Japanese career women working for foreign subsidiaries in Japan
2023-02-22

Abstract This study investigates what attracts career‐oriented women to foreign subsidiaries and how they experience this work context. Based on 125 interviews with career‐oriented women in Japan, we find that their frequent choice of foreign employers is not only motivated by professional aspirations but also by identity‐related aspirations . Japanese women who embraced an internationalist orientation experience a confirmation of their identity by working for foreign subsidiaries; by contrast, those who still felt bound by traditional role expectations, undergo a liberating identity transformation . Based on the perceptions of these particular employees, we develop recommendations for gender diversity management in foreign subsidiaries. We further argue that women, who are disadvantaged in the local employment context, often desire that foreign subsidiaries implement standardized home country human resource management practices , instead of adopting local practices. By focusing on the recruitment of highly qualified women, foreign subsidiaries may turn their liability of foreignness into a competitive advantage.
Neural correlates of cognitively controlled vocalizations in a corvid songbird
2023-02-22

The neuronal basis of the songbird's song system is well understood. However, little is known about the neuronal correlates of the executive control of songbird vocalizations. Here, we record single-unit activity from the pallial endbrain region "nidopallium caudolaterale" (NCL) of crows that vocalize to the presentation of a visual go-cue but refrain from vocalizing during trials without a go-cue. We find that the preparatory activity of single vocalization-correlated neurons, but also of the entire population of NCL neurons, before vocal onset predicts whether or not the crows will produce an instructed vocalization. Fluctuations in baseline neuronal activity prior to the go-cue influence the premotor activity of such vocalization-correlated neurons and seemingly bias the crows' decision to vocalize. Neuronal response modulation significantly differs between volitional and task-unrelated vocalizations. This suggests that the NCL can take control over the vocal motor network during the production of volitional vocalizations in a corvid songbird.
Reconstructing climate fields with terrestrial climate archives, isotope-enabled GCMs and Data Assimilation
2023-02-22

Data Assimilation in paleoclimatology (PaleoDA) is a method that has been used in several climate reconstructions for the last millennium. By fusing information from both climate proxies and general circulation models (GCMs), PaleoDA provides statistical estimates of climate fields that are dynamically consistent. However, existing reconstructions mostly rely on calibrated tree ring data and assimilate proxy records on a single, annual time scale. Ice cores and speleothems, which record past variations in the oxygen isotope ratio of precipitation, often have a lower and irregular time resolution, but reliably record climate variations on decadal to centennial time scales.&amp;#160; Here, we implemented a computationally efficient DA algorithm that enables the assimilation of proxy records on multiple timescales. The algorithm has been applied to speleothem and ice core records from the SISALv2 and Iso2k database and five isotope-enabled GCMs. Reconstructions of global mean temperature changes during the last millennium compare well in both amplitude and uncertainty to recent studies. The potential of incorporating speleothems is shown with a reconstruction of hydroclimatic changes in tropical South America, where speleothems represent the most abundant type of hydroclimate archive. The experiments performed suggest an increased reconstructed decadal to centennial variability by using proxy records on multiple timescales. Making use of different climate models shows the influence of model biases on the reconstructions. Future PaleoDA reconstructions could be improved from more proxy records and the multiple time scale approach to provide a globally complete picture of past climate changes.&amp;#160;
Prevalence of IRF4 rearrangement in large B-cell lymphomas of the Waldeyer’s ring in adults
2023-02-22

Abstract Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) in adults. These lymphomas are classified according to gene expression profiling (GEP) into germinal center B-cell (GCB) and activated B-cell type (ABC). Recent studies have suggested new subtypes of large B-cell lymphoma, based on genetic and molecular alterations, among them is large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 -rearrangement (LBCL- IRF4 ). We used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), GEP (using the DLBCL COO assay by HTG Molecular Inc), and next generation sequencing (NGS) to comprehensively characterize 30 cases of LBCLs located in Waldeyer’s ring in adult patients and to identify LBCL -IRF4 . FISH revealed breaks of IRF4 in 2/30 cases (6.7%), BCL2 breaks in 6/30 cases (20.0%), and IGH breaks in 13/29 cases (44.8%). GEP classified 14 cases each as GCB or ABC subtype, and 2 cases remained unclassified; this was concordant with the immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 25/30 cases (83.3%). A subgrouping, based on GEP, was performed: group 1 included 14 GCB cases with the most frequent mutations in BCL2 and EZH2 in 6/14 cases (42.8%). The two cases with IRF4 rearrangement were assigned to this group by GEP and showed IRF4 mutations, supporting the diagnosis of LBCL- IRF4 . Group 2 included 14 ABC cases; the most frequent mutations were CD79B and MYD88 identified in 5/14 patients (35.7%). Group 3 included 2 unclassifiable cases in which no molecular patterns were detected. Overall, LBCLs of Waldeyer’s ring in adult patients are a heterogeneous group, including LBCL- IRF4 , which shares several features with cases in the pediatric population.
Identification of a serotonin N-acetyltransferase from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ED99
2023-02-22

Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) catalyzes the biosynthesis of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) and N-acetyltryptamine (NAT), two pleiotropic molecules with neurotransmitter functions. Here, we report the identification of a SNAT protein in the genus Staphylococcus . The SNAT gene identified in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ED99, namely SPSE_0802 , encodes a 140 residues-long cytoplasmic protein. The recombinant protein SPSE_0802 was expressed in E. coli BL21 and found to acetylate serotonin (SER) and tryptamine (TRY) as well as other trace amines in vitro . The production of the neuromodulators NAS and NAT was detected in the cultures of different members of the genus Staphylococcus and the role of SPSE_0802 in this production was confirmed in an ED99 SPSE_0802 deletion mutant. A search for SNAT homologues showed that the enzyme is widely distributed across the genus which correlated with the SNAT activity detected in 22 out of the 40 Staphylococcus strains tested. The N-acetylated products of SNAT are precursors for melatonin synthesis and are known to act as neurotransmitters and activate melatonin receptors, among others, inducing various responses in the human body. The identification of SNAT in staphylococci could contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between those human colonizers and the host peripheral nervous system.
Long-term action of biochar in paddy soils: effect on organic carbon and functioning of microbial communities
2023-02-22

Increasing soil carbon (C) sequestration in paddy fields is significant for ensuring food security and achieving C neutrality in China. Biochar has been widely used as a soil amendment; still, long-term effects on the mechanisms of biochar's effect on soil C accumulation and the mediating role of microorganisms are poorly understood. To address this issue, three field experiments on paddies were chosen (Changsha, Nanjing, and Jiaxing), where biochar was applied for 7 to 8 years. The treatments included control (no addition), N (N fertilizer, 120 kg ha-1), N+B1 (N and low amount of biochar, 15-24 t ha-1), and NB2 (N and high amount of biochar, 22.5-48 t ha-1), effects on soil organic C (SOC) mineralization, dissolved organic C (DOC), activities of enzymes, microbial biomass C (MBC) and community composition (based on phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), and C utilization efficiency (CUE) were studied. Biochar reduced cumulative CO2 emissions in Changsha (by 32-34 %), Jiaxing (3.0-27 %) (p&lt;0.05), and in Nanjing with under NB2 treatment (by 36 %) compared to N treatment. Biochar increased soil pH (0.03-0.38 units) in Changsha and Nanjing but did not affect Jiaxing plots. Biochar increased SOC, total N, chitinase activity, MBC (by 18-28 %,) and CUE (by 24-65 %, except in Jiaxing) but decreased DOC content (by 3-14 %) and peroxidase activity. Biochar addition increased the total and bacterial PLFA contents and decreased the bacteria:fungi ratio at the three sites (except for total PLFA in Nanjing) compared to the N treatment. The correlation analysis revealed that cumulative CO2 emission was reduced under the increase of pH, MBC, SOC, and CUE, bacterial PLFA, and stimulated by DOC content and the rise of bacterial:fungi ratio. These indicated that long-term biochar amendments mainly increased the amount of C that bacteria can assimilate; the increase of MBC content and CUE could point to the stimulation of microbial C sequestration.
Update to the SISAL speleothem database -- links to monitoring data, additional palaeoenvironmental proxies and enhanced accessibility
2023-02-22

Speleothems (cave carbonates) are widely distributed in terrestrial regions, and provide highly resolved records of past changes in climate and ecosystem conditions, encoded in the oxygen and carbon isotope proxies. The SISALv2 database, created by the PAGES-SISAL&amp;#160; Phase 1 Working Group, provided 700 speleothem records from 293 cave sites, 500 of which have standardized chronologies. The database provided access to records that were hitherto unavailable in the original publications and/or repositories, and enabled regional-to-global scale analysis of climatic patterns using a variety of approaches such as data-model comparisons.&amp;#160;During the three&amp;#160; year run of SISAL Phase 2,&amp;#160; the working group members have:&amp;#160;(i) explored ways to synthesize modern cave monitoring data to provide robust modern baselines and improve proxy interpretations(ii) added trace element proxies of Mg, Sr, Ba, and U concentrations, and Sr isotopes to a new SISAL database version to increase our understanding of regional climatic variability.(iii) updated the SISAL database to incorporate an additional ~100 speleothem stable isotope datasets&amp;#160;(iv) and created an online interface web app (The SISAL App) with a user-friendly GUI to increase SISAL data accessibility.Here, we present ongoing work synthesizing cave monitoring data, a summary of speleothem proxy records available in the SISALv3 database update and of ongoing Working Group research projects and a simple use case of The SISAL App. We briefly present a synopsis of the SISAL-community level discussions on best practices for reporting trace element data, and reducing data measured with high resolution laser ablation methods.&amp;#160;We conclude with a short discussion on research projects based on the latest SISAL database update and discuss ideas for potential future SISAL phases and projects. For this, we encourage participation and collaboration from researchers in different stages of their academic career and working in different geographical regions and allied disciplines interested in exploiting the new SISAL database version.&amp;#160;
Children’s Symptoms with a Febrile Illness and a Positive or Negative Test of SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron Wave
2023-02-22

Febrile infections are common in childhood. Children can be infected with SARS-CoV-2, but their course is milder than in adults. So far, a comparison between febrile infections with a positive or negative Corona test with the Omicron variant is missing. The data used are from the FeverApp registry, which collects parent-reported data on febrile infections in children and informs about fever management. A comparison of symptomatic differences between episodes with a positive or negative Corona test was performed using Χ2-tests. During the Omicron wave, reported tests doubled and positive test results nearly 12-folded. In episodes with positive Corona saliva tests, more cough, fatigue, disturbed smell/taste, limb pain, sore throat, signs of serious sickness, and touch sensitivity were reported. Children with a negative Corona test show more tonsillitis, teething, any pain symptoms, earaches, and rashes. Thus, there are some significant differences between febrile infections with a positive or negative Corona test, but symptoms are present on both sides. The omicron variant seems to be more infectious than the alpha or delta variants in children, but the symptoms remain mild and do not differ much from other febrile infections.