julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
METABOLIC AND HORMONAL RESPONSES TO INTERVAL TRAINING AT SEA LEVEL AND MODERATE ALTITUDE
2001-05-01

Lactate (LA) measurements are widely used to control training intensity in endurance sports. With regard to an altered LA accumulation pattern at altitude, we questioned whether extensive interval training performed with similar LA values at seal level (SL) and moderate altitude (ALT), yields a comparable metabolic and hormonal stress response. 12 runners (mean ± SEM: 26.6 ± 2.0 yrs, 176.1 ± 2.4 cm, 62.4 ± 2.1 kg, VO2max 64.6 ± 2.0 ml·kg−1), experienced in endurance training, performed an interval training session (IT, 10 ± 1000m, 2 min rest) on the track at SL (350m) with a running velocity corresponding to 112% of the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). One day later, the athletes moved to ALT (1800 m). After acclimatization (7 days), IT was repeated with a lower velocity (107% IAT) to realize similar LA values compared to SL. LA and heart rate were measured during IT. Blood samples were drawn at rest, 0, 0.3, 3 and 24 h after IT for determination of plasma glucose (Glu), free fatty acids (FA), cortisol (CO), human growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). LA was similar at SL and ALT (5.4 ± 0.4/5.3 ± 0.3 mmol·l−1) and intraindividual differences (SL/ALT) did not exceed 0.5 mmol·l−1. The rise of Glu after IT was more pronounced at ALT (p < .05), while no differences were found for the increases of FA, CO and GH. A decrease of IGF-I 24 h after IT occurred only at SL (−10.1 ± 3.7, ALT: −1.7 ± 2.9%, p < .05). Conclusions: IT performed with similar LA at SL and ALT, yields comparable increases of FA, CO and GH in athletes, acclimatized to ALT. The behaviour of Glu seems to reflect a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation during IT at ALT. However, this does not seem to suppress hepatic IGF-I production as shown by unchanged post-exercise IGF-I levels at ALT.
INFLUENCE OF ADAPTATION TO A SHOE ON EMG-ACTIVITY IN HEALTHY PERSONS AND RUNNERS WITH ACHILLES TENDINITIS
2001-05-01

It is assumed that movement patterns in running adapt to wearing a shoe. This individual adaptation may be different in patients and healthy subjects and therefore causally be involved in the development of running-specific complaints. The objective of this study was to investigate whether patients can be differentiated from healthy persons on the basis of EMG activity and whether these difference are influenced by individual adaptation to running shoes. A total of 21 runners (11 patients with Achilles tendinitis [AT], 10 runners without complaints [CO]) with a mileage of at least 35 km/w were evaluated. In Phase A, the activation onset in relation to touch down of the M. soleus was measured at 12 km/h (treadmill: bilateral, bipolar surface EMG; external trigger by light grid across the treadmill). After signal processing (full wave rectification, smoothing and normalization) ensemble averages were determined from 10 steps. Differences between the groups were analyzed (ANOVA, a = 0.05). In phase B, the influence of the individual adaptation to a new running shoe on the onset of soleus activity [tini] was determined in AT and CO. A training phase of 10 days with at least 50 kilometers was performed prior to an EMG measurement analogous to phase A. In CO, tini in the shoes did not differ from barefoot patterns, whereas a statistically significantly later tini could be seen in AT when shoes are worm (p < 0.05). Patients running barefoot showed no difference in tini compared to CO (p > 0.05). The onset of activation prior to touch down could always be observed in CO and AT under barefoot conditions. Tini in patients wearing shoes appeared later than touch down. It is noteworthy that adaptation did not influence the results in either CO or AT (p > 0.05). Runners with AT have a barefoot movement pattern similar to that of healthy subjects. This is supported by clinical experience showing relief of complaints by running barefoot. However, contrary to a common assumption, adaptation to a shoe appears to have no demonstrable influence. The presence of acute elicitable activity patterns under shod and barefoot conditions remains to be discussed.
FASTER INCREASE OF HEART RATE THAN OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AT ONSET OF THREE DIFFERENT EXERCISE INTENSITIES
2001-05-01

The increase of oxidative phosphorylation in working muscles at onset of exercise was described to be in steady relationship to the aleveolar VO2, because the oxygen stores in the body would be relatively small. Following this assumption, cardiac output and — with stroke volume and AvDO2 being constant or even increased — heart rate (HR) should have the same kinetic characteristics compared to VO2, delivering the needed oxygen directly to the muscle cells. To investigate this dependency, we examined the increase characteristics of HR and VO2 at the onset of running exercise at three exercise intensities (70%, 100% and 120% of the lactate threshold LT). 12 endurance trained subjects were tested with respiratory gas analysis in breath-by-breath technique (AMIS 2000, Odense, DK) and continuously HR monitoring. HR and VO2 increase velocities were calculated by the time constant τ from the equation δ(t) = δ(steady state) (1 − e−(t−δ)/τ). At 70% LT, τ for VO2 (32.2 ± 3.6 sec.) was little but significantly greater than τ for HR (27.2 ± 2.6 sec.). At higher exercise intensities, this difference was considerably greater (100% LT: HR 34.8 ± 4.3 sec. vs. VO2 59.3 ± 5.4 sec.; 120% LT: HR 29.8 ± 5.1 sec. vs. VO2 59.8 ± 4.4 sec.). These results correspond to a fast, initial decrease of the end-tidal O2- fraction, which also could be observed in response to the three tested exercise intensities. A faster increase of HR compared to VO2 confirms indirectly other findings of an earlier onset of muscle perfusion and cardiac output at onset of exercise compared to alveolar VO2. An extensive peripheral use of hemoglobin-bound oxygen in the oxidative energy supply prior to an increase of the alveolar VO2 could be an explanation.
Synthesis of [18F]‐Fluoroethylfenoterol for imaging β2 receptor status in lung in vivo
2001-05-01

Abstract 5‐(‐{2‐[4‐(2‐[ 18 F]Fluoroethoxy)‐phenyl]‐l‐methyl‐ethylamino}‐l‐hydroxy‐ethyl)‐benzene‐1, 3‐diol ([ 18 F]fluoroethylfenoterol) was synthesised from 4‐(2‐{benzyl‐[2‐(3,5‐bis‐benzyloxy‐phenyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐ethyl]‐amino}‐propyl)‐phenol using 2‐[ 18 F]fluoroethyltosylate (92% RCY) followed by reductive cleavage of the benzyl protecting groups. Preliminary in vitro tests showed [ 19 F]fluoroethylfenoterol to be as potent in relaxation of lung tissue as fenoterol itself.
BALANCE TRAINING IN COMPARISON TO STRENGTH TRAINING IN JUDO
2001-05-01

An earlier study showed a similar gain in strength after balance training in comparison to strength training. To investigate whether balance training should be recommended for strength in top sports, a group of 32 experienced judokas, 14 women and 18 men, were randomised to take part either in a balance training group with 10 men and 10 women or in a strength training group with 8 men and 4 women. Mean age was 25 ± 6 years and mean experience 12 ± 7 years. Within 6 weeks the strength group trained twice a week with an intensity of 70% of the maximum including 12 repetitions for a total of 4 sets on a leg curl and a leg press apparatus. Balance training was also performed twice a week for 30 minutes per unit. The training consisted of rolling board, one-leg standing on instability devices and large rubberball. Before and after the training period both groups were tested in one-leg standing on a rim, stabilometer and strength of the leg extensors and flexors on an isokinetic system in isometric mode at 70 and 30° and concentric mode with 120°/s. One-leg standing improved only in the balance training group, more so on the not dominant leg with more than 50 %. On the stabilometer the number of imbalances was reduced by 29 % in the balance and only 3.7 % in the strength training group. The maximum force of the extensors for the balance group increased from 187 to 240 Nm and 232 to 268 Nm in the strength group and from 101 to 134 Nm and 122 to 151 Nm for the flexors, respectively. The gain for the extensors in concentric mode was from 134 to 159 Nm for the balance and from 161 to 177 Nm for the strength and from 81 to 98 and 94 to 110 Nm for the flexors, respectively. The gain in strength was significant in both groups; the gain in strength for the extensors was stronger after balance training. The difference between right and left was reduced insignificantly for the extensors and flexors in isometric and concentric mode in both groups. In comparison to strength training, balance training of the same amount of time achieved a high gain in strength; thus balance training may be recommended for top sports for gaining strength in addition to balance.
ChemInform Abstract: W6Cl18: New Syntheses, New Structure Refinement, Electronic Structure, and Magnetism.
2001-05-01

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On-Line Coupling of Capillary Gel Electrophoresis with Electrospray Mass Spectrometry for Oligonucleotide Analysis
2001-05-03

Homooligodeoxyribonucleotides differing one nucleotide in length from 12- to 15-mer and from 17- to 20-mer were separated by size with capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) using an entangled polymer solution in coated capillaries. The resolved components were analyzed by on-line coupling of CGE with electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS), denoted as CGE/ES-MS, in the full-scan negative ion detection mode. Baseline separation was achieved for the 12-15-mer oligonucleotide mixtures. Both synthetic phosphodiester oligonucleotide mixtures as well as their phosphorothioate analogues, serving as model compounds for antisense oligonucleotides, could be analyzed by on-line CGE/ES-MS coupling. Terminally phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated synthetic failure sequences could be electrophoretically separated and mass spectrometically characterized as well. This methodology might be a useful tool for synthesis control of phosphodiester oligonucleotides as well as for analysis of phosphorothioate analogues as they are used in antisense drug development.
The Biosynthesis of Vancomycin-Type Glycopeptide Antibiotics—New Insights into the Cyclization Steps
2001-05-04

A new oxyA gene replacement mutant of Amycolatopsis mediterranei enabled us to isolate two peptides, SP-1132 (1) and SP-1294 (2), which only have one diaryl ether bridge. These vancomycin-type structures provide further insight into the oxidative ring-bridging steps in their biosynthesis.
Bis(trifluoroacetyl) Peroxide, CF3C(O)OOC(O)CF3
2001-05-04

Pure, highly explosive CF(3)C(O)OOC(O)CF(3) is prepared for the first time by low-temperature reaction between CF(3)C(O)Cl and Na(2)O(2). At room temperature CF(3)C(O)OOC(O)CF(3) is stable for days in the liquid or gaseous state. The melting point is -37.5 degrees C, and the boiling point is extrapolated to 44 degrees C from the vapor pressure curve log p = -1875/T + 8.92 (p/mbar, T/K). Above room temperature the first-order unimolecular decay into C(2)F(6) + CO(2) occurs with an activation energy of 129 kJ mol(-1). CF(3)C(O)OOC(O)CF(3) is a clean source for CF(3) radicals as demonstrated by matrix-isolation experiments. The pure compound is characterized by NMR, vibrational, and UV spectroscopy. The geometric structure is determined by gas electron diffraction and quantum chemical calculations (HF, B3PW91, B3LYP, and MP2 with 6-31G basis sets). The molecule possesses syn-syn conformation (both C=O bonds synperiplanar to the O-O bond) with O-O = 1.426(10) A and dihedral angle phi(C-O-O-C) = 86.5(32) degrees. The density functional calculations reproduce the experimental structure very well.
Electrokinetics in Fixed Beds: Experimental Demonstration of Electroosmotic Perfusion
2001-05-04

Diffusion or perfusion—this is no longer the question for electroosmotic flow (EOF) through capillaries with fixed beds. The intraparticle EOF in capillary electrochromatography has been shown by using special NMR techniques and forms the basis for a further improvement in separation efficiency, mass sensitivity, and analysis speed. Electroosmotic perfusion phenomena in porous materials also play an important role in other areas, such as in the dewatering of waste sludge and the removal of contaminants from soil.
Staphylococcus aureus Resistance to Human Defensins and Evasion of Neutrophil Killing via the Novel Virulence Factor Mprf Is Based on Modification of Membrane Lipids with l-Lysine
2001-05-07

Defensins, antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system, protect human mucosal epithelia and skin against microbial infections and are produced in large amounts by neutrophils. The bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is insensitive to defensins by virtue of an unknown resistance mechanism. We describe a novel staphylococcal gene, mprF, which determines resistance to several host defense peptides such as defensins and protegrins. An mprF mutant strain was killed considerably faster by human neutrophils and exhibited attenuated virulence in mice, indicating a key role for defensin resistance in the pathogenicity of S. aureus. Analysis of membrane lipids demonstrated that the mprF mutant no longer modifies phosphatidylglycerol with l-lysine. As this unusual modification leads to a reduced negative charge of the membrane surface, MprF-mediated peptide resistance is most likely based on repulsion of the cationic peptides. Accordingly, inactivation of mprF led to increased binding of antimicrobial peptides by the bacteria. MprF has no similarity with genes of known function, but related genes were identified in the genomes of several pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis. MprF thus constitutes a novel virulence factor, which may be of general relevance for bacterial pathogens and represents a new target for attacking multidrug resistant bacteria.
Response of radiochemotherapy-associated cerebral edema to a phytotherapeutic agent, H15
2001-05-08

Twelve patients with brain tumors and progressive edema caused by tumor progression or radiochemotherapy-related leukoencephalopathy were treated with H15, a phytotherapeutic anti-inflammatory agent. Edema was reduced in two of seven patients with glioblastoma with tumor progression and in three of five patients with treatment-related leukoencephalopathy. All patients with leukoencephalopathy improved clinically for several months.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Phenol Coupling — Tyrosine Dimers and Libraries Containing Tyrosyl Peptide Dimers.
2001-05-08

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discovery of a Cyclotron Resonant Scattering Feature in theRossi X‐Ray Timing ExplorerSpectrum of 4U 0352+309 (X Persei)
2001-05-10

We have discovered a ~29 keV Cyclotron Resonant Scattering Feature (CRSF) in the X-Ray spectrum of 4U 0352+309 (X Per) using observations taken with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. 4U 0352+309 is a persistent low luminosity (L_x = 4.2x10^34 ergs/s) X-ray pulsar, with a 837 s period and which accretes material from the Be star X Per. The X-Ray spectrum, unusual when compared to brighter accreting pulsars, may be due to the low mass accretion rate and could be typical of the new class of persistent low luminosity Be/X-Ray binary pulsars. We attempted spectral fits with continuum models used historically for 4U 0352+309, and found that all were improved by the addition of a CRSF at ~29 keV. The model that best fit the observations is a combination of a 1.45+/-0.02 keV blackbody with a 5.4x10^8 cm^2 area, and a power-law with a 1.83+/-0.03 photon index modified by the CRSF. In these fits the CRSF energy is 28.6+1.5-1.7 keV, implying a magnetic field strength of 2.5(1+z)x10^12 G in the scattering region (where z is the gravitational redshift). Phase resolved analysis shows that the blackbody and cyclotron line energies are consistent with being constant through the pulse.
Intensity modulated irradiation of a thorax phantom: comparisons between measurements, Monte Carlo calculations and pencil beam calculations
2001-05-14

The present study investigates the application of compensators for the intensity modulated irradiation of a thorax phantom. Measurements are compared with Monte Carlo and standard pencil beam algorithm dose calculations. Compensators were manufactured to produce the intensity profiles that were generated from the scientific version of the KonRad IMRT treatment-planning system for a given treatment plan. The comparison of dose distributions calculated with a pencil beam algorithm, with the Monte Carlo code EGS4 and with measurements is presented. By measurements in a water phantom it is demonstrated that the method used to manufacture the compensators reproduces the intensity profiles in a suitable manner. Monte Carlo simulations in a water phantom show that the accelerator head model used for simulations is sufficient. No significant overestimations of dose values inside the target volume by the pencil beam algorithm are found in the thorax phantom. An overestimation of dose values in lung by the pencil beam algorithm is also not found. Expected dose calculation errors of the pencil beam algorithm are suppressed, because the dose to the low density region lung is reduced by the use of a non-coplanar beam arrangement and by intensity modulation.
Reorganization of Motor and Somatosensory Cortex in Upper Extremity Amputees with Phantom Limb Pain
2001-05-15

Phantom limb pain (PLP) in amputees is associated with reorganizational changes in the somatosensory system. To investigate the relationship between somatosensory and motor reorganization and phantom limb pain, we used focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex and neuroelectric source imaging of the somatosensory cortex (SI) in patients with and without phantom limb pain. For transcranial magnetic stimulation, recordings were made bilaterally from the biceps brachii, zygomaticus, and depressor labii inferioris muscles. Neuroelectric source imaging of the EEG was obtained after somatosensory stimulation of the skin overlying face and hand. Patients with phantom limb pain had larger motor-evoked potentials from the biceps brachii, and the map of outputs was larger for muscles on the amputated side compared with the intact side. The optimal scalp positions for stimulation of the zygomaticus and depressor labii inferioris muscles were displaced significantly more medially (toward the missing hand representation) in patients with phantom limb pain only. Neuroelectric source imaging revealed a similar medial displacement of the dipole center for face stimulation in patients with phantom limb pain. There was a high correlation between the magnitude of the shift of the cortical representation of the mouth into the hand area in motor and somatosensory cortex and phantom limb pain. These results show enhanced plasticity in both the motor and somatosensory domains in amputees with phantom limb pain.
The basophil activation marker defined by antibody 97A6 is identical to the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3
2001-05-15

Abstract It has recently been shown that monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 97A6 detects a surface antigen expressed on basophils and their CD34+ precursor cells, as well as the basophil cell line KU-812. In this report the partial amino acid sequence of affinity chromatography– and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis–separated 97A6 antigen(s) from KU-812 lysates was determined. Sequence alignment of high-performance liquid chromatography–selected tryptic peptides from the resulting 130- and 150-kd bands revealed a 100% identity with amino acids 393 to 405 of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-3 (E-NPP3; CD203c) but not of the related ectoenzyme PC-1 (E-NPP1). Moreover, MoAb 97A6 selectively recognized 293 cells transfected with human E-NPP3, but did not react with cells transfected with PC-1 or parental 293 cells. In addition, E-NPP3 messenger RNA expression was detected in basophils but not other peripheral blood cells. Finally, MoAb 97A6 immunoprecipitated phosphodiesterase activity from KU-812 cells and peripheral blood basophils, but not from other cell populations. These data demonstrate that MoAb 97A6 recognizes the functionally active type II transmembrane ectoenzyme E-NPP3.
Sensitivity to MPTP is not increased in Parkinson's disease‐associated mutant α‐synuclein transgenic mice
2001-05-15

Environmental and genetic factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease are discussed. Mutations in the α‐ synuclein (α SYN ) gene are associated with rare cases of autosomal‐dominant Parkinson's disease. We have analysed the dopaminergic system in transgenic mouse lines that expressed mutant [A30P]αSYN under the control of a neurone‐specific Thy‐1 or a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter. The latter mice showed somal and neuritic accumulation of transgenic [A30P]αSYN in TH‐positive neurones in the substantia nigra. However, there was no difference in the number of TH‐positive neurones in the substantia nigra and the concentrations of catecholamines in the striatum between these transgenic mice and non‐transgenic littermates. To investigate whether forced expression of [A30P]αSYN increased the sensitivity to putative environmental factors we subjected transgenic mice to a chronic 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) regimen. The MPTP‐induced decrease in the number of TH‐positive neurones in the substantia nigra and the concentrations of catecholamines in the striatum did not differ in any of the [ A30P ]α SYN transgenic mouse lines compared with wild‐type controls. These results suggest that mutations and forced expression of αSYN are not likely to increase the susceptibility to environmental toxins in vivo .