julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Place Value of Transcranial Sonography in Early Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease
2010-01-01

Transcranial B-mode sonography (TCS) is a relatively new method which has been proven to be helpful in the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Due to the underlying physical principles, supplementary information to other neuroimaging methods can be derived. Substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity is the characteristic feature of idiopathic PD, which can help in the differentiation of atypical parkinsonian syndromes like multiple system atrophy or progressive supranuclear palsy. Besides, the quick ‘look into the brain’ can easily visualize an enlargement of the ventricular system, alterations of the basal ganglia like increased contents of calcium or trace metals, or a missing brain stem raphe, typically seen in depressive disorders, and can therefore give further diagnostic hints for symptomatic parkinsonian syndromes. Many studies indicate that SN hyperechogenicity constitutes a stable marker, irrespective of the disease stage. In a prospective study of patients with very first signs of yet unclear parkinsonism, a high predictive value of TCS for the diagnosis of PD could be proven. Moreover, there is accumulating evidence that SN hyperechogenicity could play a role in the premotor diagnosis of PD. In this review, the additional diagnostic value of TCS in the early diagnosis of PD as well as limitations of the method are being discussed.
Preliminary Investigation of the Clinical Value of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Pericardial Fluid in Diagnosing Malignant and Tuberculous Pericardial Effusion
2010-01-01

&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt; To investigate the clinical value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in diagnosing malignant and tuberculous pericardial effusion. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Eighty patients with exudative pericardial effusion undergoing pericardiocentesis and drainage were divided into 2 groups, namely those with malignancy and those with tuberculosis. The levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in pericardial fluid and serum were measured. Routine and cytological examination of pericardial fluid, clinical characteristics and some blood parameters were compared between the 2 groups. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; There were 33 patients with tuberculous pericardial effusion and 47 with malignant pericardial effusion. The levels of VEGF and HIF-1α in pericardial fluid in the malignancy group were significantly higher than those in the tuberculosis group (p &lt; 0.01), and there was a moderate positive correlation between the levels of VEGF and HIF-1α (r = 0.79, p &lt; 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of combining VEGF and HIF-1α were 90.8 and 88.3%, respectively. The 2 groups showed no differences with regard to gender distribution, occurrence of fever, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or the levels of hemoglobin, LDH, ADA, serum HIF-1α and VEGF. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Both VEGF and HIF-1α in pericardial fluid have determinative value in the differential diagnosis of malignant and tuberculous pericardial effusion.
Label-free detection of H1N1 virus for point of care testing
2010-01-01

An assay for the detection of H1N1 virus was established using Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy (RIfS), a label-free optical detection method. A direct assay format was used to detect the virus by the corresponding antibody immobilized on the chip surface. The used surface chemistry showed low non-specific binding of the virions and gave reproducible signals. The binding of H1N1 virus was monitored in RIfS and verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. The proposed assay has the potential to be integrated in portable and miniaturized devices based on RIfS, which can be used in point of care testing at e.g. airports to improve homeland security.
Pituitary adenomas and craniopharyngiomas are CDX2 negative neoplasms.
2010-01-01

There is no evidence for that CDX2 might play a role in tumourigenesis, invasive growth or tumour recurrence of pituitary adenomas or in tumourigenesis of craniopharyngiomas. But, presence of CDX2 expression might be useful in distinguishing intrasellar metastases from primary tumours of the sellar region.
Complement union for data integration
2010-01-01

A data integration process consists of mapping source data into a target representation (schema mapping), identifying multiple representations of the same real-word object (duplicate detection), and finally combining these representations into a single consistent representation (data fusion). Clearly, as multiple representations of an object are generally not exactly equal, during data fusion, we have to take special care in handling data conflicts. This paper focuses on the definition and implementation of complement union, an operator that defines a new semantics for data fusion.
Effects of Bevacizumab on Apoptosis, Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>-Adenosine Triphosphatase and Zonula Occludens 1 Expression on Cultured Corneal Endothelial Cells
2010-01-01

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; This laboratory study was undertaken to investigate the influence of bevacizumab on apoptosis, Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-adenosine triphosphatase (Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-ATPase) and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) expression on cultured human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs). &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Annexin V binding combined with propidium iodide (PI) costaining was used to distinguish viable, early and late apoptotic cells. Immunolocalization of ZO-1 and Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-ATPase was performed to analyze intercellular cell integrity after exposure to 5.0 mg/ml bevacizumab for 24 h. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; No significant induction of apoptosis or necrosis was seen in HCECs after exposure to 5.0 mg/ml bevacizumab (p = 0.689, p = 0.516, respectively). The mean number of annexin-V-FITC- and PI-positive cells did not change significantly. Additionally, no significant changes in expression were detectable, neither for ZO-1 nor for Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-ATPase in comparison with the control. For ZO-1, 70.0% of the cells stained intensely, 24.7% stained moderately, and 5.3% stained weakly in the control group. After exposure to 5.0 mg bevacizumab, only minor changes were observable: 68.8% stained intensely, 25.4% moderately and 5.8% weakly (p = 0.524). For Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-ATPase, 19.3% of the cells stained intensely, 59.4% moderately, and 21.3% weakly in the control group. After exposure to 5.0 mg bevacizumab, again only minor changes were observable in the expression pattern: 18.2% stained intensely, 60.3% moderately and 21.5% weakly. The changes were not significant compared with the control (p = 0.492). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Bevacizumab, at concentrations used clinically, did not induce apoptosis or necrosis in HCECs in vitro. Additionally, no alteration of ZO-1 or Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;-ATPase expression was detected after exposure to 5.0 mg/ml bevacizumab for 24 h.
Comparison of Advanced Visual Field Defects Measured with the Tübingen Mobile Campimeter and the Octopus 101 Perimeter
2010-01-01

Purpose To compare the results of advanced visual field defects (VFD) measured with the conventional reference perimeter Octopus 101 (O-101) and the new portable Tübingen Mobile Campimeter (TMC). Methods Thirty-seven subjects (18 to 75 years), 13 with advanced arcuate scotomas, 12 with VFD respecting vertical meridians, 6 with concentric constriction and 6 healthy controls were included. First examination was with O-101: grid 30°-NO, 192 stimuli, 10 cd/m 2 background luminance, stimulus size: Goldmann III (26’); second examination was with TMC: 84 stimuli (subset of grid 30°-NO), stimulus size 34’, stimulus luminance 320–370 cd/m 2 , background luminance 8–20 cd/m 2 . Point-wise accuracy (proportion of concordant locations), sensitivity, and specificity were estimated into 95% confidence intervals (CI) by averaging individual logits. Examination durations were compared. Results TMC results are highly concordant with O-101 results for all defect classes. For the entire sample, the percentage of discordant points (perceived with TMC but not with O-101) among all discordant points was 35% (CI: 30% to 40%). Analyzed by VFD pattern, accuracy was highest in healthy controls scotomas (97.9%; CI: 97% to 98.5%) and lowest in arcuate scotomas (80.6 %; CI: 77.3% to 83.5%). Sensitivity was highest in concentric constriction (94.5%; CI: 82.9% to 98.4%) and lowest in healthy controls (59.1%; CI: 26.3% to 85.3%). Specificity was highest in healthy controls (98.1%; CI: 96.6% to 98.9%) and lowest in concentric constriction (77.4%; CI: 62.1% to 87.7%). Mean examination time was 4.6 minutes (TMC) and 9.8 minutes (O-101). Conclusions The results indicate that the TMC is a feasible device for detection of VFD.
BaTi0,95Rh0,05O3 catalytic filter layer - a promising candidate for the selective detection of CO in the presence of H2
2010-01-01

Combinations between underlying sensing layers (thin film Al doped SnO2, deposited on a substrate via magnetron sputtering technique) and filter layers (screen printed BaTi0,95Rh0,05O3) were used in order to decrease the cross interference to H2 for the detection of CO. It was demonstrated that the catalytic filter almost fully eliminates the response to H2 while preserving the ability to detect CO in the relevant concentration range in both humid and dry air backgrounds.
A molecular interpretation for the D[sub s2][sup ∗](2573) and the prediction of novel exotic charmed mesons
2010-01-01

In this talk we review the vector-vector interaction within the hidden gauge formalism in a coupled channel unitary approach. We study the vector-vector interaction for all the sectors not studied before: C = 0; S = 1 (hidden-charm), C = 1, S = 1, and the flavor exotic sectors C = 1; S = −1,2 and C = 2; S = 0,1,2. By looking for poles in the complex plane, we find nine states, four of them in the C = 1; S = 1 sector, where one can be identified with the Ds2*(2573) and it is interpreted as a D*K* molecular state. The other five resonances are found in the flavor exotic sectors C = 1; S = −1, C = 2; S = 0,1 and can be considered as D*K̄*, D*D* and Ds*D* molecular states. Nevertheless, there is not experimental evidence of such states yet.
Sublimation of the endohedral fullerene Er3N@C80
2010-01-01

The heat of sublimation of the endohedral metallofullerene Er(3)N@C(80) was measured via Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. The large molecule consists of a C(80) fullerene cage which is stabilized by a complex of three erbium atoms bounded to a nitrogen atom and has a mass of 1475 amu. The mass spectrum at a temperature of 1045 K and the relative intensities of the thermal fractions of Er(3)N@C(80) are provided. We also discuss possible thermal decomposition processes for these particles. By measuring the quantity of evaporated molecules in thermal equilibrium using a quadrupole mass spectrometer in a temperature range between 782 K and 1128 K, a value for the sublimation enthalpy of ΔH(sub) = 237 ± 7 kJ mol(-1) is obtained via the second-law method.
The spatial dimension of Muslim-Christian conflict in the middle belt of Nigeria
2010-01-01

This paper intends to show the added value that the perspective of Political Geography and Geographic Conflict Research can contribute to the better understanding of interreligious conflicts. Many of the facets of the root causes, power relations, dynamics, and progression of this type of multi-layered conflicts can be better understood when taking into account the specific spatial dimension. In this paper, we attempt to explore the impact of socio-spatial segregation and partitioning within settlement areas on the development of the inter-religious conflict in Jos and the adjoining areas of the central Nigerian State of Plateau. Furthermore, the paper contends that the urban violence in some flashpoints in Jos and the recurrent guerrilla-style attacks on spatially isolated communities had tested the limits of the strategies of spatial segregation and partitioning, adopted by the Muslim and Christian communities, and the fortification of the city through military presence. By tracking the incidence of such attacks over a period of one year and interrogating factors that regrettably contributed to their success, we came to grips with how perpetrators have repeatedly exploited the different spatial scales of vulnerability of the city of Jos and its rural environs, as well as the failure of government to put in place an appropriate security system that adapts to the socio-spatial challenges and dynamics of the conflict.
Female Gametophytic Mutants: Diagnosis and Characterization
2010-01-01

In plants, gametes are formed in multicellular haploid structures, termed gametophytes. The female gametophyte of most higher plants comprises seven cells, which develop from a single haploid spore through nuclear proliferation and subsequent cellularization. The female gametophytic cells differentiate into four distinct cell types, which play specific roles during fertilization and seed formation thereby ensuring reproductive success. In recent years many new techniques and cell type-specific marker lines have been established, making the female gametophyte an attractive system to study mechanisms of reproduction as well as cell specification. The following chapter describes a basic protocol for, first of all, recognizing a female gametophytic mutant and subsequently analyzing the phenotype on a morphological, molecular, and functional level.
Meson wave function from holographic approaches
2010-01-01

We discuss the light-front wave function for the valence quark state of\\nmesons using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We consider two kinds of wave\\nfunctions obtained in different holographic Soft-Wall approaches\\n
Context Dissemination in Peer-to-Peer Networks
2010-01-01

In recent years, peer-to-peer overlay networks have become a popular communication paradigm with the potential to further change communication fundamentally in the future. Overlays allow communication abstraction but suffer from one inherent problem: The overlay is unaware of the context of a service or the context of a service consumer. The concept of context-awareness emerged out of the research done within the area of ubiquitous computing. Context-aware computing is one key technology to enable services and applications in the communication environment to adapt their behaviour based on the knowledge of environmental (contextual) information, thereby enhancing the system’s ability to become ever more responsive to the needs of the end-user or application domain. In this chapter we first introduce context and context architectures in general. In the remainder of the chapter we focus on the question: How can highly distributed context information be located and retrieved regarding small-scale as well as large-scale networks, addressing the topics of inter-domain management and scalability of context architectures?
Chemical Stimulation of Adherent Cells by Localized Application of Acetylcholine from a Microfluidic System
2010-01-01

Chemical stimulation of cells is inherently cell type selective in contrast to electro-stimulation. The availability of a system for localized application of minute amounts of chemical stimulants could be useful for dose related response studies to test new compounds. It could also bring forward the development of a novel type of neuroprostheses. In an experimental setup microdroplets of an acetylcholine solution were ejected from a fluidic microsystem and applied to the bottom of a nanoporous membrane. The solution traveled through the pores to the top of the membrane on which TE671 cells were cultivated. Calcium imaging was used to visualize cellular response with temporal and spatial resolution. Experimental demonstration of chemical stimulation for both threshold gated stimulation as well as accumulated dose-response was achieved by either employing acetylcholine as chemical stimulant or applying calcein uptake, respectively. Numerical modeling and simulation of transport mechanisms involved were employed to gain a theoretical understanding of the influence of pore size, concentration of stimulant and droplet volume on the spatial-temporal distribution of stimulant and on the cellular response. Diffusion, pressure driven flow and evaporation effects were taken into account. Fast stimulation kinetic is achieved with pores of 0.82 μm diameter, whereas sustained substance delivery is obtained with nanoporous membranes. In all cases threshold concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.015 μM acetylcholine independent of pore size were determined.
Gas phase structures of chalcogen tetrahalides MX4 with M = S, Se, Te and X = F, Cl, Br, I
2010-01-01

Structural and conformational properties of the tetrahalides MX(4) with M = S, Se, Te and X = F, Cl, Br, I were studied with quantum chemical calculations (MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ and relativistic core potentials for heavy atoms). The pseudotrigonal bipyramidal geometries (C(2v) symmetry) of the three tetrafluorides and of TeCl(4), whose structures have been determined by gas electron diffraction, are very well reproduced with this computational method. No additional stable conformer with C(3v), C(S), C(4v) or T(d) symmetry is predicted for these four chalcogen tetrahalides. For all other MX(4) compounds, except SeI(4), the existence of two conformers with C(2v) and T(d) symmetry is predicted. The T(d) structure is favoured in the case of SI(4) and SeBr(4) and SeI(4) is predicted to exist only as T(d) conformer.
The formation of massive planets in binary star systems
2010-01-01

As of today over 40 planetary systems have been discovered in binary star\\nsystems. In all cases the configuration appears to be circumstellar, where the\\nplanets orbit around one of the stars, the secondary acting as a perturber. The\\nformation of planets in binary star systems is more difficult than around\\nsingle stars due to the gravitational action of the companion on the dynamics\\nof the protoplanetary disk. In this contribution we first briefly present the\\nrelevant observational evidence for planets in binary systems. Then the\\ndynamical influence that a secondary companion has on a circumstellar disk will\\nbe analyzed through fully hydrodynamical simulations. We demonstrate that the\\ndisk becomes eccentric and shows a coherent precession around the primary star.\\nFinally, fully hydrodynamical simulations of evolving protoplanets embedded in\\ndisks in binary star systems are presented. We investigate how the orbital\\nevolution of protoplanetary embryos and their mass growth from cores to massive\\nplanets might be affected in this very dynamical environment. We consider, in\\nparticular, the planet orbiting the primary in the system Gamma Cephei.\\n
Modeling of the spectral energy distribution of the cataclysmic variable TT Ari and evaluation of the system parameters
2010-01-01

The spectral energy distribution (SED) of the TT Ari system, which is well known from published IUE and optical photometric observations, was modeled by a steady-state accretion \\alpha-disc around a white dwarf. Parameters of the system were derived from time-resolved optical spectral observations in the bright state that we obtained in Sep. 1998. The radial velocity semi-amplitude of the white dwarf (33.8 +/- 2.5 km/s) and corresponding mass function (f(M) = 5.5 +/- 1.2 *10^{-4}~ M_sun) were derived from the motion of the emission components of Balmer lines. The mass ratio q (\\approx 0.315) was evaluated from the fractional period excess of the superhump period over the orbital period \\epsilon (\\approx 0.085), and a secondary mass range (0.18 - 0.38 M_sun) was estimated from the orbital period. Therefore, the white dwarf mass range is 0.57 - 1.2 M_sun and the inclination angle of the system to the line of sight is 17 - 22.5 degrees. The adopted distance to the system is 335 +/- 50 pc. To fit the observed SED it is necessary to add a thermal spectrum with T \\approx 11600 K and luminosity \\approx 0.4 L_disk to the accretion disc spectrum. This combined spectrum successfully describes the observed Balmer lines absorption components. Formally the best fit of the HeI 4471 line gives minimum masses of the components (M_RD = 0.18 M_sun and M_WD = 0.57 M_sun), with the corresponding inclination angle i = 22.1 deg and mass-accretion rate \\dot M = 2.6 * 10^{17} g/s.
Perspectives of Sport in a Global World
2010-01-01

Sport is increasingly becoming a lifetime companion of man, from kindergarten up to the sport of ninety-year-olds. The dynamics of the job market require mobility, which again weakens the solidity of social networks. Due to this development society has become extremely complex. The author states that we can only temporarily commit ourselves to partial relationships. It is characteristic of those decades to almost obsessively modernise everything that was held to belong to yesterday. Modernisation itself is gaining acceptance primarily through specific developmental processes, of which the author analyses five characteristics: Individualisation, rationalisation, economisation, increasing legalisation and globalisation. In the change of paradigms there will be some key developments that concern the whole world. One can recognise some striking characteristics as indications of problems that could accompany and burden life in sport in the coming years. Ten aspects are highlighted. The author concludes that Sport has come to an arrangement with the mainstream of society. It is on the side of those that follow market logic. It not surprising, however, that critics see it as a driving force for social injustice.
A local characterization of smooth projective planes
2010-01-01

In 2000, BÃ¶di and Immervoll considered compact, connected smooth incidence geometries with mutually transversal point rows and mutually transversal line pencils. They made the very natural assumptions that the flag space is a -dimensional closed smooth submanifold of the product of the point space and the line space (both of which are -manifolds) and that both associated projections are submersions. They showed that then the number of joining lines of two distinct points and the number of intersection points of two distinct lines are constant. Here we prove that both constants are equal to one. Thus, smooth projective planes are characterized using only compactness and connectedness plus the purely local (in fact, infinitesimal) conditions stated above.
Gold cluster chemistry with the tin nucleophile stanna-closo-dodecaborate
2010-01-01

The tin nucleophile [SnB 11 H 11 ] 2– reacts with the gold cluster [Au9(PPh 3 ) 8 ][NO 3 ] 3 under formation of the tin–gold complex [Au 8 (PPh 3 ) 7 (SnB 11 H 11 )] ( 1 ). In reaction with four equivalents of the heteroborate a mixed valence tetrahedral gold cluster [Au 4 (PPh 3 ) 4 (SnB 11 H 11 ) 2 ] 2– with two edge bridging tin ligands was isolated. The reaction products were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray crystallography.