julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Report on scipost_202305_00010v1
2023-05-28

We introduce a new universal framework describing fluctuations and correlations in quantum and classical many-body systems, at the Euler hydrodynamic scale of space and time.The framework adapts the ideas of the conventional macroscopic fluctuation theory (MFT) to systems that support ballistic transport.The resulting "ballistic MFT" (BMFT) is solely based on the Euler hydrodynamics data of the many-body system.Within this framework, mesoscopic observables are classical random variables depending only on the fluctuating conserved densities, and Euler-scale fluctuations are obtained by deterministically transporting thermodynamic fluctuations via the Euler hydrodynamics.Using the BMFT, we show that long-range correlations in space generically develop over time from long-wavelength inhomogeneous initial states in interacting models.This result, which we verify by numerical calculations, challenges the long-held paradigm that at the Euler scale, fluid cells may be considered uncorrelated.We also show that the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem for non-equilibrium ballistic transport follows purely from time-reversal invariance of the Euler hydrodynamics.We check the validity of the BMFT by applying it to integrable systems, and in particular the hard-rod gas, with extensive simulations that confirm our analytical results.
Data from an International Multi-Centre Study of Statistics and Mathematics Anxieties and Related Variables in University Students (the SMARVUS Dataset)
2023-05-29

This large, international dataset contains survey responses from N = 12,570 students from 100 universities in 35 countries, collected in 21 languages. We measured anxieties (statistics, mathematics, test, trait, social interaction, performance, creativity, intolerance of uncertainty, and fear of negative evaluation), self-efficacy, persistence, and the cognitive reflection test, and collected demographics, previous mathematics grades, self-reported and official statistics grades, and statistics module details. Data reuse potential is broad, including testing links between anxieties and statistics/mathematics education factors, and examining instruments’ psychometric properties across different languages and contexts. Data and metadata are stored on the Open Science Framework website [https://osf.io/mhg94/].
Fast Region of Interest Proposals on Maritime UAVs
2023-05-29

Unmanned aerial vehicles assist in maritime search and rescue missions by flying over large search areas to autonomously search for objects or people. Reliably detecting objects of interest requires fast models to employ on embedded hardware. Moreover, with increasing distance to the ground station only part of the video data can be transmitted. In this work, we consider the problem of finding meaningful region of interest proposals in a video stream on an embedded GPU. Current object or anomaly detectors are not suitable due to their slow speed, especially on limited hardware and for large image resolutions. Lastly, objects of interest, such as pieces of wreckage, are often not known a priori. Therefore, we propose an end-to-end future frame prediction model running in real-time on embedded GPUs to generate region proposals. We analyze its performance on large-scale maritime data sets and demonstrate its benefits over traditional and modern methods.
Interlaboratory Reproducibility in Growth and Reporter Expression in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
2023-05-29

In recent years, a plethora of new synthetic biology tools for use in cyanobacteria have been published; however, their reported characterizations often cannot be reproduced, greatly limiting the comparability of results and hindering their applicability. In this interlaboratory study, the reproducibility of a standard microbiological experiment for the cyanobacterial model organism Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was assessed. Participants from eight different laboratories quantified the fluorescence intensity of mVENUS as a proxy for the transcription activity of the three promoters PJ23100, PrhaBAD, and PpetE over time. In addition, growth rates were measured to compare growth conditions between laboratories. By establishing strict and standardized laboratory protocols, reflecting frequently reported methods, we aimed to identify issues with state-of-the-art procedures and assess their effect on reproducibility. Significant differences in spectrophotometer measurements across laboratories from identical samples were found, suggesting that commonly used reporting practices of optical density values need to be supplemented by cell count or biomass measurements. Further, despite standardized light intensity in the incubators, significantly different growth rates between incubators used in this study were observed, highlighting the need for additional reporting requirements of growth conditions for phototrophic organisms beyond the light intensity and CO2 supply. Despite the use of a regulatory system orthogonal to Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, PrhaBAD, and a high level of protocol standardization, ∼32% variation in promoter activity under induced conditions was found across laboratories, suggesting that the reproducibility of other data in the field of cyanobacteria might be affected similarly.
Influence of perioperative antiplatelet and anticoagulant medication management on bleeding events in dermatosurgery—A prospective observational study
2023-05-29

Abstract Background Perioperative management of antiplatelet and anticoagulant (AP/AC) therapy is a matter of balancing the risks of bleeding and thromboembolic events. Reliable data for dermatosurgery are still lacking, especially for direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). Objectives The aim was to prospectively evaluate the influence of AP/AC‐medication on bleeding risk in dermatosurgery with focus on exact intervals between DOAC intake and procedure performed on post‐operative bleeding. Methods Patients with or without AP/AC‐therapy were included in the study without randomization. Exact times of DOAC‐intake, procedure performed and post‐operative bleeding were documented. Data collection was prospectively and standardized done by one person. Results We evaluated 1852 procedures in 675 patients. Post‐operative bleeding occurred after 15.93% ( n = 295) of all procedures, but only a few of them were severe (1.57%, n = 29). Compared to patients without AP/AC‐medication, severe post‐operative bleeding occurred significantly more often under dual antiplatelet therapy (11.76%, n = 2; p = 0.0166) and bridging of either vitamin K antagonist (9.09%, n = 2; p = 0.0270) or DOAC (15.38%, n = 2; p = 0.0099). There was no significant difference in the frequency of severe bleeding regarding to the preoperative DOAC‐free period. Conclusions Although AP/AC‐therapy is associated with a significant higher rate of post‐operative bleeding, no life‐threatening bleeding was recorded. Long preoperative pausing or bridging of DOAC does not lead to significantly less severe bleeding events.
Carefully sourced, carefully managed: multi-isotopic analysis from Bronze and Iron Age equid teeth from Can Roqueta (Barcelona, Spain)
2023-05-29

Equids played an important role in the development of communication in past societies, and were part of the exchanges between populations. The multi-isotopic study (strontium, carbon and oxygen isotopes) conducted on equid teeth from Bronze and Early Iron Age Can Roqueta suggests that animals originate from diverse locations and their diet was carefully managed. The enriched oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios in equid teeth compared with other taxa from the same site suggest that equids may have drunk from water troughs, thus creating a C and O isotopic enrichment and partial covariance, similar to a “lake” effect. This is the most comprehensive study on equid mobility in Iberia so far.
Modulation of dorsal premotor cortex disrupts neuroplasticity of primary motor cortex in young and older adults
2023-05-29

Abstract Although transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) research demonstrates that dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) influences neuroplasticity within primary motor cortex (M1), it is unclear how ageing modifies this communication. The present study investigated the influence of PMd on different indirect (I) wave inputs within M1 that mediate cortical plasticity in young and older adults. 15 young and 15 older participants completed two experimental sessions that examined the effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to M1 when preceded by iTBS (PMd iTBS-M1 iTBS) or sham stimulation (PMd sham-M1 iTBS) to PMd. Changes in corticospinal excitability post-intervention were assessed with motor evoked potentials (MEP) recorded from right first dorsal interosseous using posterior-anterior (PA) and anterior-posterior (AP) current single-pulse TMS (PA 1mV ; AP 1mV ; PA 0.5mV , early I-wave; AP 0.5mV , late I-wave). Although PA 1mV did not change post-intervention ( P = 0.628), PMd iTBS-M1 iTBS disrupted the expected facilitation of AP 1mV (to M1 iTBS) in young and older adults ( P = 0.002). Similarly, PMd iTBS-M1 iTBS disrupted PA 0.5mV facilitation in young and older adults ( P = 0.030), whereas AP 0.5mV facilitation was not affected in either group ( P = 0.218). This suggests that while PMd specifically influences the plasticity of early I-wave circuits, this communication is preserved in older adults.
Competition and moral behavior: A meta-analysis of forty-five crowd-sourced experimental designs
2023-05-30

Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it has been tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source of ambivalent empirical results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity—variation in true effect sizes across various reasonable experimental research protocols. To provide further evidence on whether competition affects moral behavior and to examine whether the generalizability of a single experimental study is jeopardized by design heterogeneity, we invited independent research teams to contribute experimental designs to a crowd-sourced project. In a large-scale online data collection, 18,123 experimental participants were randomly allocated to 45 randomly selected experimental designs out of 95 submitted designs. We find a small adverse effect of competition on moral behavior in a meta-analysis of the pooled data. The crowd-sourced design of our study allows for a clean identification and estimation of the variation in effect sizes above and beyond what could be expected due to sampling variance. We find substantial design heterogeneity—estimated to be about 1.6 times as large as the average standard error of effect size estimates of the 45 research designs—indicating that the informativeness and generalizability of results based on a single experimental design are limited. Drawing strong conclusions about the underlying hypotheses in the presence of substantive design heterogeneity requires moving toward much larger data collections on various experimental designs testing the same hypothesis.
Multi-omics for COVID-19: driving development of therapeutics and vaccines
2023-05-30

ABSTRACT The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has raised global concern for public health and economy. The development of therapeutics and vaccines to combat this virus is continuously progressing. Multi-omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics and metallomics, have helped understand the structural and molecular features of the virus, thereby assisting in the design of potential therapeutics and accelerating vaccine development for COVID-19. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of the latest applications of multi-omics technologies in strategies addressing COVID-19, in order to provide suggestions towards the development of highly effective knowledge-based therapeutics and vaccines.
Evolved Open-Endedness in Cultural Evolution: A New Dimension in Open-Ended Evolution Research
2023-05-30

Abstract The goal of Artificial Life research, as articulated by Chris Langton, is “to contribute to theoretical biology by locating life-as-we-know-it within the larger picture of life-as-it-could-be.” The study and pursuit of open-ended evolution in artificial evolutionary systems exemplify this goal. However, open-ended evolution research is hampered by two fundamental issues: the struggle to replicate open-endedness in an artificial evolutionary system and our assumption that we only have one system (genetic evolution) from which to draw inspiration. We argue not only that cultural evolution should be seen as another real-world example of an open-ended evolutionary system but that the unique qualities seen in cultural evolution provide us with a new perspective from which we can assess the fundamental properties of, and ask new questions about, open-ended evolutionary systems, especially with regard to evolved open-endedness and transitions from bounded to unbounded evolution. Here we provide an overview of culture as an evolutionary system, highlight the interesting case of human cultural evolution as an open-ended evolutionary system, and contextualize cultural evolution by developing a new framework of (evolved) open-ended evolution. We go on to provide a set of new questions that can be asked once we consider cultural evolution within the framework of open-ended evolution and introduce new insights that we may be able to gain about evolved open-endedness as a result of asking these questions.
Practice of neuromonitoring in open and endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic repair—an international expert-based modified Delphi consensus study
2023-05-30

Abstract OBJECTIVES Spinal cord injury is detrimental for patients undergoing open or endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. The aim of this survey and of the modified Delphi consensus was to gather information on current practices and standards in neuroprotection in patients undergoing open and endovascular TAAA. METHODS The Aortic Association conducted an international online survey on neuromonitoring in open and endovascular TAAA repair. In a first round an expert panel put together a survey on different aspects of neuromonitoring. Based on the answers from the first round of the survey, 18 Delphi consensus questions were formulated. RESULTS A total of 56 physicians completed the survey. Of these, 45 perform open and endovascular TAAA repair, 3 do open TAAA repair and 8 do endovascular TAAA repair. At least 1 neuromonitoring or protection modality is utilized during open TAAA surgery. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage was used in 97.9%, near infrared spectroscopy in 70.8% and motor evoked potentials or somatosensory evoked potentials in 60.4%. Three of 53 centres do not utilize any form of neuromonitoring or protection during endovascular TAAA repair: 92.5% use CSF drainage; 35.8%, cerebral or paravertebral near infrared spectroscopy; and 24.5% motor evoked potentials or somatosensory evoked potentials. The utilization of CSF drainage and neuromonitoring varies depending on the extent of the TAAA repair. CONCLUSIONS The results of this survey and of the Delphi consensus show that there is broad consensus on the importance of protecting the spinal cord to avoid spinal cord injury in patients undergoing open TAAA repair. Those measures are less frequently utilized in patients undergoing endovascular TAAA repair but should be considered, especially in patients who require extensive coverage of the thoracoabdominal aorta.
Plasma visfatin and apelin levels in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome
2023-05-30

Higher visfatin levels may prevent IR in adolescent PCOS patients, showing a positive predictive value for IR and also reflecting a beneficial effect on lipids. It is a possible protective factor at certain stages of metabolic syndrome.
Refining data–data and data–model vegetation comparisons using the Earth mover's distance (EMD)
2023-05-30

Abstract. Comparing temporal and spatial vegetation changes between reconstructions or between reconstructions and model simulations requires carefully selecting an appropriate evaluation metric. A common way of comparing reconstructed and simulated vegetation changes involves measuring the agreement between pollen- or model-derived unary vegetation estimates, such as the biome or plant functional type (PFT) with the highest affinity scores. While this approach based on summarising the vegetation signal into unary vegetation estimates performs well in general, it overlooks the details of the underlying vegetation structure. However, this underlying data structure can influence conclusions since minor variations in pollen percentages modify which biome or PFT has the highest affinity score (i.e. modify the unary vegetation estimate). To overcome this limitation, we propose using the Earth mover's distance (EMD) to quantify the mismatch between vegetation distributions such as biome or PFT affinity scores. The EMD circumvents the issue of summarising the data into unary biome or PFT estimates by considering the entire range of biome or PFT affinity scores to calculate a distance between the compared entities. In addition, each type of mismatch can be given a specific weight to account for case-specific ecological distances or, said differently, to account for the fact that reconstructing a temperate forest instead of a boreal forest is ecologically more coherent than reconstructing a temperate forest instead of a desert. We also introduce two EMD-based statistical tests that determine (1) if the similarity of two samples is significantly better than a random association given a particular context and (2) if the pairing between two datasets is better than might be expected by chance. To illustrate the potential and the advantages of the EMD as well as the tests in vegetation comparison studies, we reproduce different case studies based on previously published simulated and reconstructed biome changes for Europe and capitalise on the advantages of the EMD to refine the interpretations of past vegetation changes by highlighting that flickering unary estimates, which give an impression of high vegetation instability, can correspond to gradual vegetation changes with low EMD values between contiguous samples (case study 1). We also reproduce data–model comparisons for five specific time slices to identify those that are statistically more robust than a random agreement while accounting for the underlying vegetation structure of each pollen sample (case study 2). The EMD and the statistical tests are included in the paleotools R package (https://github.com/mchevalier2/paleotools, last access: 3 May 2023).
Neural representations of the content and production of human vocalization
2023-05-30

Speech, as the spoken form of language, is fundamental for human communication. The phenomenon of covert inner speech implies functional independence of speech content and motor production. However, it remains unclear how a flexible mapping between speech content and production is achieved on the neural level. To address this, we recorded magnetoencephalography in humans performing a rule-based vocalization task. On each trial, vocalization content (one of two vowels) and production form (overt or covert) were instructed independently. Using multivariate pattern analysis, we found robust neural information about vocalization content and production, mostly originating from speech areas of the left hemisphere. Production signals dynamically transformed upon presentation of the content cue, whereas content signals remained largely stable throughout the trial. In sum, our results show dissociable neural representations of vocalization content and production in the human brain and provide insights into the neural dynamics underlying human vocalization.
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation decreases vagally mediated heart rate variability
2023-05-30

Abstract The vagus nerve plays a critical role in balancing the body’s physiological functions, including the cardiovascular system. Measures of heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV) may provide non-invasive proxies of vagal activity in humans, but transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has produced mixed effects so far—limited by a lack of studies stimulating the right branch. Here, we used a randomized cross-over design to study the effects of taVNS on HR and HRV. To estimate how the side of the stimulation (left vs. right ear) affects cardiovascular function, we recorded an electrocardiogram in four sessions per person (factors: Stimulation × Side). To evaluate potential interactions with physiological states, we investigated three phases per session: baseline, during stimulation (taVNS vs. sham), and after consuming a milkshake (∼400 kcal) with concurrent stimulation. First, we found moderate evidence against an effect of taVNS on HR (BF 10 =0.21). Second, taVNS decreased HRV (multivariate p =.004) independent of physiological state with strong evidence for RMSSD (BF 10 =15.11) and HF-HRV (BF 10 =11.80). Third, taVNS-induced changes were comparable across sides and more strongly correlated (vs. sham), indicating similar cardiovascular effects independent of the stimulation side. We conclude that taVNS reduces HRV without altering HR, contradicting the common assumption that increased HRV indexes a heightened vagal tone. Instead, our results support a putative role of vagal afferent activation in arousal. Crucially, modulatory effects on the cardiovascular system can be safely elicited by taVNS on both sides, opening new options for treatment. Graphical Abstract Created with BioRender.com
Endovascular repair of type A acute aortic syndromes—exclusively something for the future?
2023-05-30

Journal Article Endovascular repair of type A acute aortic syndromes—exclusively something for the future? Get access Mario Lescan Mario Lescan Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Corresponding author. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. Tel: +49-7071-29-68194; fax: +49-7071-29-4047; e-mail: mario.lescan@med.uni-tuebingen.de (M. Lescan). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3124-4994 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Volume 63, Issue 6, June 2023, ezad218, https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezad218 Published: 30 May 2023 Article history Received: 21 May 2023 Published: 30 May 2023 Corrected and typeset: 09 June 2023
Molluscs as Personal Adornment in a Gravettian Context from Cueva de Ardales (Málaga, Spain)
2023-05-30

Molluscs used as personal adornment in Gravettian context are scarce in the Iberian Peninsula. Less than 200 pieces have been barely found along the Mediterranean, and most of them in coastal sites. This article presents thirteen new items – in the majority of marine origin – found by a Spanish-German team during a joint research project in Cueva de Ardales (Ardales, Malaga, Spain). The cave is one of the few interior sites in which this type of finds has been attested and therefore shows the connections of the coast with the hinterland (away from the current Mediterranean coastline about 50 km currently and 60–65 kms. around 30 ka). The article also presents archaeozoological and archaeometric analysis of the molluscs, especially Raman spectrometry and X-ray diffraction.