julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Aryl‐Acetylene Layered Hybrid Perovskites in Photovoltaics
2025-01-11

Abstract Metal halide perovskites have shown exceptional potential in converting solar energy to electric power in photovoltaics, yet their application is hampered by limited operational stability. This stimulated the development of hybrid layered (two‐dimensional, 2D) halide perovskites based on hydrophobic organic spacers, templating perovskite slabs, as a more stable alternative. However, conventional organic spacer cations are electronically insulating, resulting in charge confinement within the inorganic slabs, thus limiting their functionality. This can be ameliorated by extending the π‐conjugation of the spacer cations. We demonstrate the capacity to access Ruddlesden‐Popper and Dion‐Jacobson 2D perovskites incorporating for the first time aryl‐acetylene‐based (4‐ethynylphenyl)methylammonium (BMAA) and buta‐1,3‐diyne‐1,4‐diylbis(4,1‐phenylene)dimethylammonium (BDAA) spacers, respectively. We assess their unique opto(electro)ionic characteristics by a combination of techniques and apply them in mixed‐dimensional perovskite solar cells that show superior device performances with a power conversion efficiency of up to 23 % and higher operational stability, opening the way for multifunctionality in layered hybrid materials and their application.
High-field fMRI at 7 Tesla reveals topographic responses tuned to number in the developing human brain
2025-01-11

Abstract In the adult brain, hemodynamic responses to visually presented numerosities reveal receptive field-like tuning curves in topographically organized maps across association cortices. It is currently unknown whether such tuned topographic responses to numerosities can also be detected in the developing brain. Here we conducted a 7 Tesla fMRI experiment in which we presented a large set of visual dot displays to 11-12-year-old children and adults. We found that developing hemodynamic responses indeed revealed logarithmic Gaussian tuning to quantitative information. Tuning models explained comparable amounts of variance in children and adults. In most subjects, six bilateral cortical maps consistently exhibited topographic responses to numerosities. The present study goes beyond previous work by uncovering a population code for quantity detection in individual developing human brains. Our work lays a foundation for a model-based neuroimaging approach to individual cognitive differences in the context of developmental dyscalculia and mathematical giftedness.
Antidopaminergic medications in Huntington's disease
2025-01-12

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by motor, cognitive, and behavioral impairments. Antidopaminergic medications (ADMs), such as VMAT2 inhibitors and antipsychotics, are commonly used to manage HD motor disturbances and behavioral disorders. For patients and caregivers, ADMs are an important tool for managing symptoms that negatively affect daily life. However, the impact of ADM use in HD is not firmly understood due to a lack of robust, systematic studies that assessed their overall effect on HD disease. A mounting body of evidence suggests these medications may be associated with worse clinical measures of cognitive function and functional impairment. While regulatory guidelines highlight adverse effects like sedation, cognitive dysfunction, and extrapyramidal symptoms, it is unclear whether ADMs directly impact disease progression or if the side effects mimic or exacerbate measures of HD symptoms in clinical trials. Given ADM effects on the central nervous system and biological uncertainty within HD outcomes, clinical trial designs should recognize the impact of ADMs on key outcomes, as measured by acceptable scales including Total Functional Capacity, Stoop Word Reading, Symbol Digit Modality Test, and the composite Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale. The development of novel HD interventions requires consideration of concomitant ADM use that may influence measures of disease presentation. In this review, we highlight the role of ADMs in HD management, their symptomatic benefits and potential risks, especially with high dose associated side effects, interactions with CYP2D6 inhibitors, and the individualized need for careful dose monitoring for clinical care and trial design.
Naphtho[1,2-b][1,4]diazepinedione-Based P2X4 Receptor Antagonists from Structure–Activity Relationship Studies toward PET Tracer Development
2025-01-13

The P2X4 receptor is implicated in various pathological conditions, including neuropathic pain and cancer. This study reports the development of 1,4-naphthodiazepinedione-based P2X4 receptor antagonists aimed at both therapeutic applications and potential use as PET tracers for imaging P2X4 receptor expression in cancer. Structure-activity relationship studies aided by docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations led to a series of compounds with potent P2X4 receptor antagonism, promising <i>in vitro</i> inhibition of interleukin-1β release in THP-1 cells and suitability for radiolabeling with fluorine-18. The most potent compounds were further evaluated for their physicochemical properties, metabolic stability, and <i>in vivo</i> biodistribution using PET imaging in mice. While these antagonists exhibited strong receptor binding and serum stability, rapid <i>in vivo</i> metabolism limited their potential as PET tracers, highlighting the need for further structural optimization. This study advances the understanding of P2X4 receptor antagonism and underscores the challenges in developing effective PET tracers for this target.
Investigation of the suitability of confocal Raman spectroscopy for the demonstration of bioequivalence of topical products
2025-01-13

Bioequivalence studies of topical formulations have attracted increased interest as the European Medicines Agencies "Guideline on quality and equivalence on locally applied, locally acting cutaneous products" describes them in the context of the approval of generics. Since the guideline only proposes tape stripping as a destructive method for bioequivalence testing in in vitro skin penetration, the aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) as a non-destructive alternative. To validate the CRS results, tape stripping and CRS experiments using ketoprofen as a model API were performed consecutively on the same samples of ex vivo porcine skin after frozen storage and compared. All experiments were also carried out on two different animal test subjects to investigate a possible influence of inter-individual variations. Furthermore, the influence of the chosen incubation times inside and outside of the steady state was determined. We were able to show that CRS and tape stripping results were very similar both in overall detected API amounts as well as in the results of bioequivalence testing, proving CRS is not only suitable for quantitative skin penetration experiments but also for bioequivalence testing. Inter-individual variations were found to be relevant when comparing formulations measured on different subjects. Bioequivalence testing however reached the same results on both subjects. Finally, the chosen incubation time was limited by skin disintegration, the reaching of steady state however did not influence the results of bioequivalence testing.
Examining Gravettian and Magdalenian mobility and technological organization with IR spectroscopy
2025-01-13

Abstract Archaeologists can use the provenance of lithic raw materials to examine the movements, territories, and settlement dynamics of hunter-gatherers. Several studies have used macroscopic analyses to propose the long-distance transport of raw material during the Gravettian and the Magdalenian of the Swabian Jura in Central Europe. Until now hypotheses about raw material transport in this region were not based on reproducible analyses. This study aims to test some of the hypotheses about the origins of lithic raw materials during the Gravettian and Magdalenian, using infrared spectroscopic measurements. These analyses are based on differences and similarities in the mineralogy and crystallography of rocks. Using this method, we test for long-distance raw-material transport between the sites of the Swabian Jura and the Freiburg basin, 200 km to the south-west, and the region of the Altmühl Valley, 150 km to the north-east. For this, we created a reference database of 114 lithic raw material outcrops from Southern Germany and compared these specimens with artifacts from eleven archeological sites. Our study reconstructs the raw-material procurement and transport during the Gravettian and Magdalenian and reveals settlement patterns and territories that span over more than 300 km in Central Germany.
Out-of-time-ordered correlators of mean-field bosons via Bogoliubov theory
2025-01-13

Quantum many-body chaos concerns the scrambling of quantum information among large numbers of degrees of freedom. It rests on the prediction that out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) of the form <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">&amp;#x27E8;</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">&amp;#x27E9;</mml:mo></mml:math> can be connected to classical symplectic dynamics. We rigorously prove a variant of this correspondence principle for mean-field bosons. We show that the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">&amp;#x2192;</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">&amp;#x221E;</mml:mi></mml:math> limit of the OTOC <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">&amp;#x27E8;</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">&amp;#x27E9;</mml:mo></mml:math> is explicitly given by a suitable symplectic Bogoliubov dynamics. In practical terms, we describe the dynamical build-up of many-body entanglement between a particle and the whole system by an explicit nonlinear PDE on <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo>&amp;#x2295;</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>. For higher-order correlators, we obtain an out-of-time-ordered analog of the Wick rule. The proof uses Bogoliubov theory. Our finding spotlights a new problem in nonlinear dispersive PDE with implications for quantum many-body chaos.
Estimating the contribution of early and late noise in vision from psychophysical data
2025-01-13

Human performance in psychophysical detection and discrimination tasks is limited by inner noise. It is unclear to what extent this inner noise arises from early noise (e.g., in the photoreceptors) or from late noise (at or immediately prior to the decision stage, presumably in cortex). Very likely, the behaviorally limiting inner noise is a nontrivial combination of both early and late noise. Here we propose a method to quantify the contributions of early and late noise purely from psychophysical data. Our approach generalizes classical results for linear systems by combining the theory of noise propagation through a nonlinear network with expressions to obtain a perceptual metric through a nonlinear network. We show that from threshold-only data, the relative contributions of early and late noise can only be disentangled when the experiments include substantial external noise. When full psychometric functions are available, early and late noise sources can be quantified even in the absence of external noise. Our psychophysical estimate of the magnitude of early noise-assuming a standard cascade of linear and nonlinear model stages-is substantially lower than the noise in cone photocurrents computed via an accurate model of retinal physiology, the ISETBio. This is consistent with the idea that one of the fundamental tasks of early vision is to reduce the comparatively large retinal noise.
Effective Polaron Dynamics of an Impurity Particle Interacting with a Fermi Gas
2025-01-13

Abstract We study the quantum dynamics of a homogeneous ideal Fermi gas coupled to an impurity particle on a three-dimensional box with periodic boundary condition. For large Fermi momentum <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>F</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , we prove that the effective dynamics is generated by a Fröhlich-type polaron Hamiltonian, which linearly couples the impurity particle to an almost-bosonic excitation field. Moreover, we prove that the effective dynamics can be approximated by an explicit coupled coherent state. Our method is applicable to a range of interaction couplings, in particular including interaction couplings of order 1 and time scales of the order <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>F</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> .
Radiation exposure during cardiac interventions in CHD: German Registry 2012-2020
2025-01-13

Background: Since patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) frequently require life-long medical care and repeat invasive treatment, radiation exposure during interventional procedures is a relevant issue concerning potential radiation related risks. Therefore, an analysis on radiation data from the German Registry for Cardiac Operations and Interventions in patients with CHD was performed. Methods: From January 2012 until December 2020 a total of 28,374 cardiac catheter interventions were recorded. 8 specified interventions were selected for evaluation: ASD/PFO, PDA and VSD occlusion, CoA balloon dilatation and stent implantation, aortic valvuloplasty, pulmonary valvuloplasty and transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation. Radiation exposure data included total fluoroscopy time (TFT), dose area product (DAP) and DAP per body weight (DAP/BW). Results: The cohort accounted for 9,350 procedures including 3,426 ASD/PFO occlusions, 2,039 PDA occlusions, 599 aortic and 1,536 pulmonary valvuloplasties, 383 balloon dilatations resp. 496 stent implantations for CoA, 168 VSD occlusions and 703 TPVI. 610 ASD/PFO procedures (17.8%) were performed without radiation. Median annual TFT, DAP and DAP/BW showed a continuous decrease while radiation burden correlated with intervention complexity: For ASD/PFO and PDA occlusion, aortic and pulmonary valvuloplasty and balloon dilatation of CoA median DAP/BW was &lt;20.0 μGy*m2/kg, while median values of 26.3 μGy*m2/kg and 31.6 μGy*m2/kg were noted for stenting of CoA and VSD closure. Radiation burden was highest in TPVI with a median DAP/BW of 79.4 μGy*m2/kg. Conclusion: A decrease of radiation exposure was found in 8 cardiac interventions from 1/2012 – 12/2020. Comparison with international registries revealed a good quality of radiation protection.
Bacteria use processing body condensates to attenuate host translation during infection
2025-01-14

Abstract Pathogens employ sophisticated strategies to modulate host protein homeostasis by targeting proteolytic pathways, but their impact on protein synthesis remains elusive. We report that pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae ( Pst ) targets ribonucleoprotein condensates, known as processing bodies (P-bodies), to attenuate host translation through two effectors with liquid-like properties. We uncovered a previously unknown link that Pst -mediated repression of the ER stress response is required for P-body assembly. Furthermore, we identify a novel intersection between P-bodies and autophagy, demonstrating that autophagic clearance of P-bodies is crucial for maintaining the balance between translationally active and inactive mRNAs. Altogether, our discoveries provide novel insights on how host translation is attenuated by bacteria to dampen plant immunity and uncover unknown connections between ER stress responses and autophagy with P-body dynamics.
Japan's Conditional/Time‐Limited Early Approval System in Regenerative Medicine: A Case Study of Rise and Falls of Autologous Skeletal Myoblast Sheets
2025-01-14

Japan's conditional/time‐limited early approval program, initiated in 2014, aimed to advance regenerative medicine by expediting market access. However, the withdrawal of autologous skeletal myoblast sheets (Heartsheet) due to ineffectiveness raises concerns about the balance between rapid approval and scientific integrity. While the program seeks to boost innovation, it risks endorsing costly, unclear treatments under national health care. This case highlights the need to refine regulatory approaches, ensuring clinical efficacy and fiscal responsibility in regenerative therapies.
Gibberellin enhances germination of Nolana mollis and Heliotropium pycnophyllum seeds
2025-01-14

Abstract Desert plants often exhibit seed dormancy, which enables seeds to wait out unfavorable conditions and germinate when there is enough water for the seedling to establish securely. Here, we tested several dormancy-breaking mechanisms for Nolana mollis and Heliotropium pycnophyllum , including storage temperature, scarification, hormones, germination temperature, and light cycles during germination. For both species, gibberellin enhanced germination significantly. All other treatments, or combinations of treatments, had no significant effect. Our results can be applied to restoration efforts in arid areas, or in urban areas in arid climates, where the use of native species reduces watering necessities.
Predictive potential of circular walking in prodromal Parkinson's disease
2025-01-14

Background Development of objective, reliable and easy-to-use methods to detect the onset of motor changes in Parkinson's disease (PD) is required to identify the temporal window in which neuromodulatory therapies could be implemented. Turning impairments are present at early stages of PD. However, it is unclear, to date, whether circular walking is also altered in prodromal PD. Objective Explore the predictive potential of circular walking in prodromal PD. Methods We included 102 subjects from a nine-year prospective cohort study (with 712 participants) in the current nested case-control analysis: 16 diagnosed with PD during follow-up (incident PD) and 96 healthy controls, matched in gender, age, and education with a 1:6 ratio. Forty-one gait features were extracted from baseline assessments with accelerometers under single and dual-tasking conditions. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to test the temporal association of non-correlated gait features to the probability of being diagnosed with PD. Results We identified associations between time from baseline measurement to PD diagnosis for eleven gait features, mostly based on harmonic ratios, step and stride variability, and index of harmonicity, partially in combination with gait speed. Most significant associations indicated that low gait symmetry and low rhythmicity were associated with larger hazard of being diagnosed with PD. Area under the curve ranged 0.63-0.69. Conclusions Despite low sensitivity and specificity, the findings potentially reflect prodromal motor impairments of PD manifested during circular walking, assessed quantitatively with a low-cost and wearable instrument. This will contribute to the characterization of pre-diagnostic PD motor symptoms.
Reactivation of a Subglacial Channel Around the Grounding Zone of Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf, Antarctica
2025-01-14

Abstract Subglacial water beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet is often funneled via subglacial channels, which inject freshwater into ice‐shelf cavities where it interacts with ocean water. The temporal variability of this system has been poorly observed, but its importance for ice dynamics is well recognized. Airborne radar data show a subglacial channel evolving within a decade near of the grounding zone of the Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf (East Antarctica), while topographic signatures on the ice shelf indicate prior inactivity for 60 years. Combining our observations with subglacial hydrological modeling, we suggest that the interplay between episodic subglacial water pulses and ocean water intrusion drive the opening and closing of the channels. Our findings illuminate the short‐term transient nature of subglacial channel activity. This impacts ice‐shelf–ocean processes, which are important for constraining increasing ocean warming onto ice‐shelf basal mass balance, but pose significant challenges for subglacial hydrological modeling at the grounding zone.
Simultaneous integrated boost to lateral pelvic lymph nodes during chemoradiotherapy in high-risk rectal cancer
2025-01-14

Abstract Background Preoperative chemoradiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision (TME) is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, lateral pelvic lymph nodes (LPLNs) are often inadequately treated with standard regimens. This study examines the treatment and postoperative outcomes in LARC patients receiving a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) for LPLNs during long-course chemoradiotherapy. Methods This retrospective study included high-risk LARC patients (UICC, “Union Internationale Contre le Cancer”, stage III) treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and SIB to LPLNs. Radiotherapy was delivered to the primary tumor and elective volumes with 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions, and an SIB with a median dose of 60.2 Gy was administered to clinically positive LPLNs. TME quality and postoperative complications were assessed using MERCURY and Clavien–Dindo, respectively. Time-to-event data were analyzed according to Kaplan–Meier. Results Between 2019 and 2023, 27 patients with high-risk LARC and LPLN metastases were treated with chemoradiotherapy. After a median follow-up of 19 months, 2‐year overall survival was 80%, disease-free survival 80%, and local control of dose-escalated lymph nodes 100%. Three patients were managed nonoperatively after a clinical complete response on endoscopy and imaging. Of the 22 patients who had surgery, only one had complications higher than Clavien–Dindo grade I; TME was graded as MERCURY I in 73%. Discussion and conclusion The SIB approach for LPLNs in LARC is feasible, does not increase postoperative morbidity, and achieves excellent local control. This study supports the consideration of dose-escalated radiotherapy for LPLNs to address high local recurrence risks.