julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Theory of Mind, emotion recognition, delusions and the quality of the therapeutic relationship in patients with psychosis – a secondary analysis of a randomized-controlled therapy trial.
2020-01-16

Abstract Background: Cognitive models of psychosis postulate an important role of Theory of mind (ToM) in the formation and maintenance of delusions, but research on this plausible conjecture has gathered conflicting findings. In addition, it is still an open question whether problems in emotion recognition (ER) are associated with delusions. We examined the association of problems in ToM and ER with different aspects of delusions in a large sample of patients with psychosis enrolled in a therapy trial. This also enabled us to explore the possible impact of ToM and ER on one part of patients’ social life: the quality of their therapeutic relationship. Methods: Patients with psychotic disorders and delusions and/or hallucinations (n=185) and healthy controls (n=48) completed a ToM picture sequencing task and an ER task. Subsequently, patients were enrolled in a randomized-controlled Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) trial (ISRCTN29242879). Patients and therapists rated the quality of the therapeutic relationship during the first five sessions of therapy. Results: In comparison to controls, patients were impaired in both ToM and ER. Patients with deficits in ER experienced more severe delusional distress, whereas ToM problems were not related to delusions. In addition, deficits in ER predicted a less favorable therapeutic relationship and interactional problems viewed by the therapist. Impaired ER also moderated (increased) the negative influence of delusions on the therapeutic relationship and interactional difficulties viewed by the therapist. Conclusions: Cognitive models on the formation and maintenance of delusions should consider ER as a potential candidate that might be related to the formation and maintenance of delusional distress, whereas problems in ToM might not be directly related to delusions and secondary dimensions of delusions. In addition, problems in ER in patients with psychosis might have an impact on the quality of the therapeutic relationship and patients with problems in ER are more likely to be viewed as problematic by their therapists. Nevertheless, training ER might be a way to improve the quality of the therapeutic relationship and potentially the effectiveness of CBT or other interventions for patients with psychosis.
Consensus on the reporting and experimental design of clinical and cognitive-behavioural neurofeedback studies (CRED-nf checklist)
2020-01-17

Abstract Neurofeedback has begun to attract the attention and scrutiny of the scientific and medical mainstream. Here, neurofeedback researchers present a consensus-derived checklist that aims to improve the reporting and experimental design standards in the field.
Calpain-1 ablation partially rescues disease-associated hallmarks in models of Machado-Joseph disease
2020-01-17

Abstract Proteolytic fragmentation of polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-3 is a concomitant and modifier of the molecular pathogenesis of Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), the most common autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia. Calpains, a group of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, are important mediators of ataxin-3 cleavage and implicated in multiple neurodegenerative conditions. Pharmacologic and genetic approaches lowering calpain activity showed beneficial effects on molecular and behavioural disease characteristics in MJD model organisms. However, specifically targeting one of the calpain isoforms by genetic means has not yet been evaluated as a potential therapeutic strategy. In our study, we tested whether calpains are overactivated in the MJD context and if reduction or ablation of calpain-1 expression ameliorates the disease-associated phenotype in MJD cells and mice. In all analysed MJD models, we detected an elevated calpain activity at baseline. Lowering or removal of calpain-1 in cells or mice counteracted calpain system overactivation and led to reduced cleavage of ataxin-3 without affecting its aggregation. Moreover, calpain-1 knockout in YAC84Q mice alleviated excessive fragmentation of important synaptic proteins. Despite worsening some motor characteristics, YAC84Q mice showed a rescue of body weight loss and extended survival upon calpain-1 knockout. Together, our findings emphasize the general potential of calpains as a therapeutic target in MJD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
RNA-protein correlation of liver toxicity markers in HepaRG cells
2020-01-17

The liver is a main target organ for the toxicity of many different compounds. While in general, <i>in vivo</i> testing is still routinely used for assessing the hepatotoxic potential of test chemicals, the use of <i>in vitro</i> models offers advantages with regard to throughput, consumption of resources, and animal welfare aspects. Using the human hepatoma cell line HepaRG, we performed a comparative evaluation of a panel of hepatotoxicity marker mRNAs and proteins after exposure of the cells to 30 different pesticidal active compounds comprising herbizides, fungicides, insecticides, and others. The panel of hepatotoxicity markers included nuclear receptor target genes, key players of fatty acid and bile acid metabolism-related pathways, as well as recently identified biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury. Moreover, marker genes and proteins were identified, for example, S100P, ANXA10, CYP1A1, and CYP7A1. These markers respond with high sensitivity to stimulation with chemically diverse test compounds already at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The potency of the test compounds, determined as an overall parameter of their ability to deregulate marker expression <i>in vitro</i>, was very similar between the mRNA and protein levels. Thus, this study does not only characterize the response of human liver cells to 30 different pesticides but also demonstrates that hepatotoxicity testing in human HepaRG cells yields well comparable results at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, robust hepatotoxicity marker genes and proteins were identified in HepaRG cells.
Tandem Acid/Pd‐Catalyzed Reductive Rearrangement of Glycol Derivatives
2020-01-17

Abstract Herein, we describe the acid/Pd‐tandem‐catalyzed transformation of glycol derivatives into terminal formic esters. Mechanistic investigations show that the substrate undergoes rearrangement to an aldehyde under [1,2] hydrogen migration and cleavage of an oxygen‐based leaving group. The leaving group is trapped as its formic ester, and the aldehyde is reduced and subsequently esterified to a formate. Whereas the rearrangement to the aldehyde is catalyzed by sulfonic acids, the reduction step requires a unique catalyst system comprising a Pd II or Pd 0 precursor in loadings as low as 0.75 mol % and α,α′‐bis(di‐ tert ‐butylphosphino)‐ o ‐xylene as ligand. The reduction step makes use of formic acid as an easy‐to‐handle transfer reductant. The substrate scope of the transformation encompasses both aromatic and aliphatic substrates and a variety of leaving groups.
Reflections on the term Micoquian in Western and Central Europe. Change in criteria, changed deductions, change in meaning, and its significance for current research
2020-01-18

Abstract The primary objective of this contribution is to show the intricate ways of over 100 years of research concerning the term Micoquian and its multiple shifts in meaning. A detailed analysis of the course of the research history has made it possible to identify several tendencies of shifting meaning. This concerned both its position within the chronology, its spatial extent, and decisive assemblage components. The term Micoquian has been used to describe complexes with very different characteristics. Chronologically, both assemblages dating before, during, and after the last interglacial period were referred to as Micoquian. To avoid difficulties in understanding the term, different names for the generic units of the respective assemblage units have been proposed from time to time. Due to the reflections on the research history, it is possible to investigate the question of whether and to what extent the term Micoquian should continue to be used and what significance is attached to it today, and to what extent it appears necessary to pursue other approaches to the classification of the Middle Paleolithic record. In conclusion, a multidisciplinary approach is proposed (including lithic, faunal, radiometric, site catchment, and/or settlement dynamic analysis) to build a multifaceted framework that is able to form clusters of similarities. The formerly defined generic units (called technocomplexes, facies, groups, space–time units, and so on) are seen purely as umbrella terms to structure the Paleolithic record, without claiming to reflect the former Paleolithic reality. With the addition of a tight chronological corset, the definitions of technocomplexes (by using lithic, faunal, and possibly floral data) could allow small, manageable space–time units to be formed and then compared with one another.
Correction to: A nonsynonymous mutation in PLCG2 reduces the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia, and increases the likelihood of longevity
2020-01-18

The IPDGC (The International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium) and EADB (Alzheimer Disease European DNA biobank) are listed correctly as an author to the article, however, they were incorrectly listed more than once.
The early derivative water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia, superfamilies Eylaoidea, Hydrachnoidea and Hydryphantoidea) of Madagascar
2020-01-20

A general introduction to the water mites of Madagascar is given, together with a survey of the diversity of the early derivative superfamilies Eylaoidea, Hydrachnoidea, and Hydryphantoidea. The family Teratothyadidae (genera Teratothyas and Teratothyasides) and the hydryphantid subfamilies Euthyadinae (genera Javathyas and Trichothyas) and Wandesiinae (genus Wandesia) are recorded for the first time from Madagascar, the latter being new for the Ethiopian bioregion. One subgenus in the family Teratothyadidae, Ascoteratothyas subgen. nov. (genus Teratothyas) and eighteen species are described as new to science: Hydrodroma amoenoderma, H. lasioderma, H. megalonyx, H. mesembrina, H. poseidon, Javathyas nasipalpis, Wandesia pelipoda, W. anjozorobensis, Teratothyas (s. str.) digitata, T. (s. str.) aucta, T. (s. str.) proceripapillata, T. (s. str.) planipapillata, T. (Ascoteratothyas) levigata, T. (A.) porrigens, T. (A.) reducta, Teratothyasides heptaplax, T. ravenala and T. vanilla. Previous Madagascan records of Hydrodroma despiciens (Müller, 1776) and H. capensis (K. Viets, 1914) are attributed to H. poseidon. The subgenus Pseudowandesia is synonymized with the nominate subgenus. New locality records for other species include the first recording on the island of Hydrodroma perreptans (K. Viets, 1913) and H. zhokhovi Tuzovskij, 2014. Limnochares connexa Tuzovskij &amp; Gerecke 2009 is redescribed. A dichotomous key leads to species level for the groups treated here, to family level for representatives of the remaining four superfamilies present on Madagascar.
Technical Note: Improved Sampling of Behavioral Subsurface Flow Model Parameters Using Active Subspaces
2020-01-20

Abstract. In global sensitivity analysis and ensemble-based model calibration it is essential to create a large enough sample of model simulations with different parameters, which all yield plausible model results. This can be difficult if a-priori plausible parameter combinations frequently yield non-behavioral model results. In a previous study (Erdal and Cirpka, 2019), we developed and tested a parameter-sampling scheme based on active subspace decomposition. While in principle this scheme worked well, it still implied testing a substantial fraction of parameter combinations that ultimately had to be discarded because of implausible model results. This technical note presents an improved sampling scheme and illustrates its simplicity and efficiency by a small test case. The new sampling scheme can be tuned to either outperform the original implementation by improving the sampling efficiency while maintaining the accuracy of the result, or by improving the accuracy of the result while maintaining the sampling efficiency.
Spaceborne radar imagery – An under-utilized source of information for humanitarian relief
2020-01-20

This practical paper gives an overview about the widely unused potential of radar satellite imagery to assist humanitarian action. It briefly introduces the basic differences between optical and radar images and demonstrates the practical use of the latter in different settings based on their information content and their potential for multi-temporal analyses. It gives recommendations on further reading and closes with suggestions on the practical integration of radar data into humanitarian work.
Decoding of the other’s focus of attention by a temporal cortex module
2020-01-21

Faces attract the observer’s attention toward objects and locations of interest for the other, thereby allowing the two agents to establish joint attention. Previous work has delineated a network of cortical “patches” in the macaque cortex, processing faces, eventually also extracting information on the other’s gaze direction. Yet, the neural mechanism that links information on gaze direction, guiding the observer’s attention to the relevant object, has remained elusive. Here we present electrophysiological evidence for the existence of a distinct “gaze-following patch” (GFP) with neurons that establish this linkage in a highly flexible manner. The other’s gaze and the object, singled out by the gaze, are linked only if this linkage is pertinent within the prevailing social context. The properties of these neurons establish the GFP as a key switch in controlling social interactions based on the other’s gaze.
Selective lower body perfusion during aortic arch surgery in neonates and small children
2020-01-21

Introduction: Aortic arch reconstruction surgery represents a challenge for the medical personnel involved in treatment. Along the years, the perfusion strategies for aortic arch reconstruction have evolved from deep hypothermic cardiac arrest to antegrade cerebral perfusion with moderate hypothermia, and recently to a combined cerebral and lower body perfusion with moderate hypothermia. To achieve a lower body perfusion, several cannulation strategies have been described. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of utilizing an arterial sheath introduced in the femoral artery to achieve an effective lower body perfusion. Methods: We included patients who underwent an aortic arch reconstruction surgery with a lower body perfusion, from January 2017 to June 2019. To achieve a lower body perfusion, a three-way stopcock was connected to the arterial line, where one end was connected to the central cannulation for cerebral perfusion and the other to an arterial sheath that was introduced through the femoral artery. A total of 25 patients were included. Peri- and postoperative lactate and creatinine levels and signs of malperfusion were recorded. Results: During the reperfusion phase, after selective perfusion ended none of the patients showed a significant increase in lactate, creatinine, and liver enzyme levels. After 24 hours, there were no signs of an acute kidney injury, femoral vessel injury, or limb malperfusion. Conclusion: These findings show that a sufficient lower body perfusion through an arterial sheath placed in the femoral artery for aortic arch reconstruction can be achieved. This approach caused no complications related to the arterial sheath during the early postoperative period and is an easy way to maintain perfusion of systemic organs.
Upregulated phospholipase D activity toward glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in micelle-like serum complexes in metabolically deranged rats and humans
2020-01-21

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-AP) with the complete glycolipid anchor attached have previously been shown to be released from the outer plasma membrane leaflet of rat adipocytes in positive correlation to cell size and blood glucose/insulin levels of the donor rats. Furthermore, they are present in rat and human serum, however, at amounts that are lower in insulin-resistant/obese rats compared with normal ones. These findings prompted further evaluation of the potential of full-length GPI-AP for the prediction and stratification of metabolically deranged states. A comparison of the signatures of horizontal surface acoustic waves that were generated by full-length GPI-AP in the course of their specific capture by and subsequent dissociation from a chip-based sensor between those from rat serum and those reconstituted into lipidic structures strongly argues for expression of full-length GPI-AP in serum in micelle-like complexes in concert with phospholipids, lysophospholipids, and cholesterol. Both the reconstituted and the rat serum complexes were highly sensitive toward mechanical forces, such as vibration. Furthermore, full-length GPI-AP reconstituted into micelle-like complexes represented efficient substrates for cleavage by serum glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D (GPI-PLD). These findings raised the possibility that the upregulated release of full-length GPI-AP into micelle-like serum complexes from metabolically deranged cells is compensated by elevated GPI-PLD activity. In fact, serum GPI-PLD activity toward full-length GPI-AP in micelle-like complexes, but not in detergent micelles, was positively correlated to early states of insulin resistance and obesity in genetic and diet-induced rat models as well as to the body weight in humans. Moreover, the differences in the degradation of GPI-AP in micelle-like complexes were found to rely in part on the interaction of serum GPI-PLD with an activating serum factor. These data suggest that serum GPI-PLD activity measured with GPI-AP in micelle-like complexes is indicative of enhanced release of full-length GPI-AP from relevant tissues into the circulation as a consequence of early metabolic derangement in rats and humans.
The giant outburst of 4U 0115+634 in 2011 with Suzaku and RXTE
2020-01-21

We present an analysis of X-ray spectra of the high-mass X-ray binary 4U 0115+634 as observed with Suzaku and RXTE in 2011 July, during the fading phase of a giant X-ray outburst. We used a continuum model consisting of an absorbed cutoff power law and an ad hoc Gaussian emission feature centered around 8.5 keV, which we attribute to cyclotron emission. Our results are consistent with a fundamental cyclotron absorption line centered at ∼10.2 keV for all observed flux ranges. At the same time we rule out significant influence of the 8.5 kev Gaussian on the parameters of the cyclotron resonant scattering feature, which are not consistent with the cyclotron line energies or the depths of previously reported flux-dependent descriptions. We also show that some continuum models can lead to artificial line-like residuals in the analyzed spectra, which are then misinterpreted as unphysically strong cyclotron lines. Specifically, our results do not support the existence of a previously claimed additional cyclotron feature at ∼15 keV. Apart from these features, we find for the first time evidence for a He-like Fe XXV emission line at ∼6.7 keV and weak H-like Fe XXVI emission close to ∼7.0 keV.
Ligand promiscuity in the tryptophan repressor – from structural understanding towards rational design
2020-01-21

Abstract Receptors that promiscuously bind a range of ligands provide insights into how nature mediates affinity and biological functioning. Moreover, such receptors provide vantage points for the rational design of specific binding for biotechnological applications. Here we describe the molecular details of the ligand binding promiscuity of the well-known tryptophan repressor TrpR. We elucidated high-resolution structures of TrpR bound to the co-repressors 5-methyl-tryptophan and 5-methyl-tryptamine as well as the pseudo-repressors indole-3-propionic and indole-3-acetic acid. Furthermore, using isothermal titration calorimetry we procure the corresponding thermodynamic parameters. Together this data provides molecular explanations for the strongly varied affinities and biological effects of the ligands providing insights into how nature shapes specificity and affinity. Beyond this we use these insights to exemplarily showcase knowledge-based design of TrpR by swapping its specificity from its native ligand tryptophan to indole-3-acetic acid. Finally, we elucidate the structures of the variant bound to indole-3-acetic and indole-3-propionic acid to retrace our design rationale.
The Regular Ground States of the Linear Boson Field in Terms of Soft Modes
2020-01-21

We supplement the characterization of the regular ground states of the linear boson field, as detailed in Segal (Illinois J. Math. 6 (1962), 500–523), Weinless (J. Funct. Anal. 4 (1969), 350–379) and Baez, Segal &amp; Zhou (Introduction to algebraic and constructive quantum field theory, Princeton University Press, 1992, Princeton), by using more developed operator algebraic methods for general Weyl systems and by continuing ideas of Honegger &amp; Rieckers (Photons in Fock space and beyond I, World Scientific, 2015, Singapore). For a linear boson field in the sense of Segal (Illinois J. Math. 6 (1962), 500–523) the originally real symplectic test function dynamics is given in terms of a continuous unitary group. The quantized field dynamics is realized via a continuous unitary group in a representation space of the Weyl commutation relations and specifies a quasifree automorphism group, which does not act strongly continuous on the C*-Weyl algebra. If the generator of the test function dynamics is strictly positive, we show that the quasifree dynamical automorphism group is R -central. Under this condition, we determine the form of all “partially regular” ground states, which are regular only over a subspace of test functions, introduced in Segal (Illinois J. Math. 6 (1962), 500–523). All regular ground states are then functional integrals , in some weakened sense, over the bare vacua dressed by singular classical modes. If the ground states are nuclear continuous these functional integrals are proper ones. If there are also time-invariant test functions then the related invariant quantum modes intervene into these superpositions of the pure regular ground states and complicate particularly the fully regular case. Global features of the sets of (partially) regular ground states are detailed and compared with the ground state sets of C*-dynamical systems. By way of example, the vacuum dressing is interpreted as a soft-boson cloud, forming collective classical soft modes.
PSM Probabilities from Percolator on merged IDs from four human samples
2020-01-21

&lt;p&gt;PSM Probabilities from Percolator on merged IDs from four human samples searched against the provided database with MSGF+.&lt;/p&gt;\\n\\n&lt;p&gt;Used as input for benchmarking the runtime of the EPIFANY protein inference tool.&lt;/p&gt;\\n\\n&lt;p&gt;A PRIDE identifier for the underlying raw data will be added as soon as its dissemination is finished.&lt;/p&gt;
PSM Probabilities from Percolator on merged IDs from four human samples
2020-01-21

PSM Probabilities from Percolator on merged IDs from four human samples searched against the provided database with MSGF+. Used as input for benchmarking the runtime of the EPIFANY protein inference tool. A PRIDE identifier for the underlying raw data will be added as soon as its dissemination is finished.