julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Norfluoxetine Is the Only Metabolite of Fluoxetine in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos That Accumulates at Environmentally Relevant Exposure Scenarios
2020-03-13

Fluoxetine has been recognized as one of the most toxic pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Since there is growing evidence that the toxic potential of fluoxetine in surface waters is markedly influenced by its own metabolism in aquatic species, this study investigated the biotransformation of fluoxetine in the zebrafish embryo - an aquatic model organism of intermediate complexity. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.1, 1.0, 10, 50, and 5000 μg/L of fluoxetine from 48 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf), and the accumulation of fluoxetine and its metabolites was analyzed over time. Additionally, depuration of fluoxetine and its metabolites from 96 to 120 hpf was investigated, and autoinhibitory effects of fluoxetine on phase I biotransformation were analyzed. Exposure to 5000 μg/L fluoxetine resulted in elevated 7-ethoxyresorufin-<i>O</i>-deethylase (EROD) activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes and continuous accumulation of fluoxetine and 11 fluoxetine metabolites. Embryos exposed to 10 and 50 μg/L fluoxetine were able to reduce fluoxetine accumulation from 94 to 120 hpf. During depuration, accumulation of fluoxetine and most metabolites was clearly reduced, and biotransformation shifted in favor of norfluoxetine, the primary fluoxetine metabolite in humans. Findings demonstrated that norfluoxetine is the only metabolite of fluoxetine that accumulates in zebrafish embryos at environmentally relevant exposure scenarios.
Acetylene- and Ethylene-Sensing Mechanism for LaFeO3-Based Gas Sensors: Operando Insights
2020-03-13

We recently demonstrated acetylene and ethylene selectivity for LaFeO3 (LFO)-based gas sensors. To understand the origin of sensing, we combined catalytic conversion measurements with simultaneously performed operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy and DC resistance measurements. We applied our operando investigation technique to the relevant analytes, CO2, C2H4, and C2H2, in order to identify the type and role of different adsorbates. DRIFT spectra revealed that at 150 °C, the reaction with both acetylene and ethylene resulted in surface formate species; at higher temperatures, this was the case only for acetylene. Accordingly, LFO responds to both gases at 150 °C but only to acetylene at 250 °C. Finally, we could identify the mechanism by which the formate species are responsible for the sensor response and the essential role played by Pt electrodes in the detection of ethylene and the temperature-dependent selectivity.
From clump to disc scales in W3 IRS4
2020-03-13

Context. High-mass star formation typically takes place in a crowded environment, with a higher likelihood of young forming stars affecting and being affected by their surroundings and neighbours, as well as links between different physical scales affecting the outcome. However, observational studies are often focused on either clump or disc scales exclusively. Aims. We explore the physical and chemical links between clump and disc scales in the high-mass star formation region W3 IRS4, a region that contains a number of different evolutionary phases in the high-mass star formation process, as a case-study for what can be achieved as part of the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) large programme named CORE: “Fragmentation and disc formation in high-mass star formation”. Methods. We present 1.4 mm continuum and molecular line observations with the IRAM NOEMA interferometer and 30 m telescope, which together probe spatial scales from ~0.3−20′′ (600−40 000 AU or 0.003−0.2 pc at 2 kpc, the distance to W3). As part of our analysis, we used XCLASS to constrain the temperature, column density, velocity, and line-width of the molecular emission lines. Results. The W3 IRS4 region includes a cold filament and cold cores, a massive young stellar object (MYSO) embedded in a hot core, and a more evolved ultra-compact (UC)H II region, with some degree of interaction between all components of the region that affects their evolution. A large velocity gradient is seen in the filament, suggesting infall of material towards the hot core at a rate of 10 −3 −10 −4 M ⊙ yr −1 , while the swept up gas ring in the photodissociation region around the UCH II region may be squeezing the hot core from the other side. There are no clear indications of a disc around the MYSO down to the resolution of the observations (600 AU). A total of 21 molecules are detected, with the abundances and abundance ratios indicating that many molecules were formed in the ice mantles of dust grains at cooler temperatures, below the freeze-out temperature of CO (≲35 K). This contrasts with the current bulk temperature of ~50 K, which was obtained from H 2 CO. Conclusions. CORE observations allow us to comprehensively link the different structures in the W3 IRS4 region for the first time. Our results argue that the dynamics and environment around the MYSO W3 IRS4 have a significant impact on its evolution. This context would be missing if only high resolution or continuum observations were available.
Seal Bomb Noise as a Potential Threat to Monterey Bay Harbor Porpoise
2020-03-13

Anthropogenic noise is a known threat to marine mammals. Decades of research have shown that harbor porpoises are particularly sensitive to anthropogenic noise, and geographic displacement is a common impact from noise exposure. Small, localized populations may be particularly vulnerable to impacts associated with displacement, as animals that are excluded from their primary habitat may have reduced foraging success and survival, or be exposed to increased threats of predation or bycatch. Seal bombs are underwater explosives used in purse seine fisheries to deter marine mammals during fishery operations. Pinnipeds are believed to be the primary target for seal bomb use, however there may be indirect impacts on harbor porpoises. Active purse seine fishing using seal bombs in the greater Monterey Bay area may, at times, span the entire range of the Monterey Bay harbor porpoise stock, which may lead to negative impacts for this population. In this contribution, we review anthropogenic noise as a threat to harbor porpoises, with a focus on the potential for impacts from seal bomb noise exposure in the Monterey Bay region.
Regional and local scale variations in soil organic carbon stocks in West Greenland
2020-03-13

Abstract The soil organic carbon (SOC) pool of the Northern Hemisphere contains about half of the global SOC stored in soils. As the Arctic is exceptionally sensitive to global warming, temperature rise and prolonged summer lead to deeper thawing of permafrost‐affected soils and might contribute to increasing greenhouse gas emissions progressively. To assess the overall feedback of soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) to global warming in permafrost‐affected regions the spatial variation in SOCS at different environmental scales is of great interest. However, sparse and unequally distributed soil data sets at various scales in such regions result in highly uncertain estimations of SOCS of the Northern Hemisphere and here particularly in Greenland. The objectives of this study are to compare and evaluate three controlling factors for SOCS distribution (vegetation, landscape, aspect) at two different scales (local, regional). The regional scale reflects the different environmental conditions between the two study areas at the coast and the ice margin. On the local scale, characteristics of each controlling factor in form of defined units (vegetation units, landscape units, aspect units) are used to describe the variation in the SOCS over short distances within each study area, where the variation in SOCS is high. On a regional scale, we investigate the variation in SOCS by comparing the same units between the study areas. The results show for both study areas that SOCS are with 8 kg m −2 in the uppermost 25 cm and 16 kg m −2 in the first 100 cm of the soil, i.e ., 3 to 6 kg m −2 (37.5%) higher than existing large scale estimations of SOCS in West Greenland. Our approach allows to rank the scale‐dependent importance of the controlling factors within and between the study areas. However, vegetation and aspect better explain variations in SOCS than landscape units. Therefore, we recommend vegetation and aspect for determining the variation in SOCS in West Greenland on both scales.
Detection and Characterisation of Eemian Marine Tephra Layers within the Sapropel S5 Sediments of the Aegean and Levantine Seas
2020-03-13

The Eemian was the last interglacial period (~130 to 115 ka BP) to precede the current interglacial. In Eastern Mediterranean marine sediments, it is marked by a well-developed and organic-rich “sapropel” layer (S5), which is thought to reflect an intensification and northward migration of the African monsoon rain belt over orbital timescales. However, despite the importance of these sediments, very little proxy-independent stratigraphic information is available to enable rigorous correlation of these sediments across the region. This paper presents the first detailed study of visible and non-visible (cryptotephra) layers found within these sediments at three marine coring sites: ODP Site 967B (Levantine Basin), KL51 (South East of Crete) and LC21 (Southern Aegean Sea). Major element analyses of the glass component were used to distinguish four distinct tephra events of Santorini (e.g., Vourvoulos eruption) and possible Anatolian provenance occurring during the formation of S5. Interpolation of core chronologies provides provisional eruption ages for the uppermost tephra (unknown Santorini, 121.8 ± 2.9 ka) and lowermost tephra (Anatolia or Kos/Yali/Nisyros, 126.4 ± 2.9 ka). These newly characterised tephra deposits have also been set into the regional tephrostratigraphy to illustrate the potential to precisely synchronise marine proxy records with their terrestrial counterparts, and also contribute to the establishment of a more detailed volcanic history of the Eastern Mediterranean.
Origen and “Angelomorphic Pneumatology”
2020-03-13

Abstract Recent years have seen a growing interest in Patristic “angelomorphic pneumatology”, a phrase used mostly to describe early pre-Nicene portrayals of the Holy Spirit. While not denying the existence of such pneumatologies or their shared theological character as observed by scholars of angelomorphic pneumatology, this article seeks to challenge the appropriateness of term “angelomorphic” in a pneumatological context, particularly against the backdrop of its original Christological usage. This study takes as an example Origen of Alexandria, whose pneumatology is not considered “angelomorphic” by the standards of current definitions, but contains certain undeniable features of this angelomorphic theological tradition.
Immune Landscape in Burkitt Lymphoma reveals M2-macrophage polarization and Correlation between PD-L1 expression and Non-Canonical EBV latency program
2020-03-13

Abstract BACKGROUND: The Tumor Microenviroment (TME) is a complex milieu that is increasingly recognized as a key factor in multiple stages of disease progression and responses to therapy as well as escape from immune surveillance. However, the precise contribution of specific immune effector and immune suppressor components of the TME in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) remains poorly understood.METHODS: In this paper, we applied the computational algorithm CIBERSORT to Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) datasets of 40 BL samples to draw a map of immune and stromal components of TME. Furthermore, by multiple immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multispectral immunofluorescence (IF), we investigated the TME of additional series of 40 BL cases to evaluate the role of the Programmed Death-1 and Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint axis. RESULTS: Our results indicate that M2 polarized macrophages are the most prominent TME component in BL. In addition, we investigated the correlation between PD-L1 and latent membrane protein-2A (LMP2A) expression on tumour cells, highlighting a subgroup of BL cases characterized by a non-canonical latency program of EBV with an activated PD-L1 pathway. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study analysed the TME in BL and identified a tolerogenic immune signature highlighting new potential therapeutic targets.
C1 Hemilaminectomy for Resection of Foramen Magnum Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
2020-03-13

Abstract We present a case of a sizeable foramen magnum meningioma that was resected through a C1 hemilaminectomy in prone (concorde) position. The patient is a 51-year-old woman with a 3-month history of progressive paresthesia of the upper and lower extremities, followed by gait disturbance, and hand apraxia. There was no complaint of nuchal pain. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a briskly enhancing extra-axial, intradural craniospinal lesion, extending from the basion of the lower clivus, over the tectorial membrane to the middle of the axis' body was discovered. There was significant transposition and compression of the medulla and corresponding focal hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging. On physical examination, the patient was ambulatory independently, notwithstanding a pronounced spinal ataxia. There were deficits in sensation and proprioception, as well as urinary retention, but preserved function of the lower cranial nerves. In view of the profound transposition of the medulla, utilization of the corridor created by the tumor seemed feasible and we felt that a limited C1 hemilaminectomy would provide sufficient microsurgical access thus obviating a more extensive and invasive approach to the craniocervical junction. A gross-total resection was achieved; histopathology confirmed a World Health Organization (WHO) grade I angiomatous meningioma with a low-proliferation index. The patient was discharged home 3 days after surgery and her spinal ataxia resolved completely within 3 months of out-patient rehabilitation. At 3-year follow-up, there was no indication of residual or recurrence. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/WyShbfr-xi0.
The Battle for International Law in the Decolonization Era: An Introduction
2020-03-13

The decolonization era came with a fundamental challenge to (legalised) Western hegemony through a new vision of the institutional environment and political economy of the world. It is during this era, which arguably was couched between classic European imperialism and a new form of US-led Western hegemony, that fundamental legal debates took place over a new international legal order for a decolonised world. In fact, the book, which this articles introduces, argues that this era presents in essence a battle that was fought out in particular over the premises and principles of international law by diplomats, lawyers and scholars. In a moment of relative weakness of European powers, “newly independent states” and international lawyers from the South fundamentally challenged traditional Western perceptions of international legal structures engaging in fundamental controversies over a new international law. These debates and their Third World international legal protagonists as well as the new embattled concepts have often been portrayed as a short-lived Southern or socialist (Cold War-) revolt within the UN General Assembly with ultimately minor and negligible implications for international law and legal scholarship. As the contributions to our volume show, nothing could be more mistaken. Not only that the outcome of this battle has fundamentally shaped what we presently conceive of as international legal structures. With hindsight, we hold that international legal structures in many areas of international relations have been transformed during this era, albeit with the effect of enabling a transition from classic European imperialism to new forms of US-led Western hegemony. The underlying aspirations, strategies and failures of this battle thus are of vital importance for any future project aiming to address and alter the relationship between international law and fundamental inequalities in this world. In that sense, this volume attempts to provide an intellectual history of the transformation of international law in the 1950s to 70s and to offer a better understanding of the contestations to the then dominant perceptions of order. By doing so it aims to give the reader a better grasp of how the world became what it is today by new historical insights into the conditions, contingencies as well as necessities of what led to its current depressing and desolate state. In the remainder of this This article proceeds in three steps. First, we provide a broader context of the “decolonization era”, the aspirations and challenges shaping the battle for international law during this time (I.). Then we will introduce central battle fields (II.). Finally, we take a look at protagonists of battle, i.e. authors and scholarly landscapes in which they were set, as well as institutions (III.).
Advisors want their advice to be used – but not too much: An interpersonal perspective on advice taking
2020-03-13

Much advice taking research investigates whether advice weighting accords to normative principles for maximizing decision accuracy. The present research complements this normative perspective with an interpersonal one, arguing that judges should also pay attention to how much their advisors <em>want</em> them to weight advice. In four experiments, we found that advisors do not always want their advice to be adopted fully. Instead, they often give advice about which they are uncertain and therefore want their advice to be averaged with judges’ initial opinions or not used at all. Furthermore, advisors’ desired advice weighting is often congruent with the judges’ actual weighting, but moderators that affect advisor or judge confidence can cause desired and actual weighting to diverge (Experiments 1 and 2). When tasks were difficult, judges put more weight on the advice than advisors desired, because increasing the difficulty of the task led advisors to want their advice weighted less, whereas judges placed more weight on the advice. The reverse was true for easy tasks (Experiment 2). Importantly, both weighting more and less than advisors desired caused advisors to evaluate judges more negatively, which resulted in reduced willingness to give advice again in the future (Experiments 3 and 4), indicating that advisors want their advice used, but not too much.
Challenges and applications of isotachophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry: A review
2020-03-14

Abstract Electrophoretic separations are of growing interest to tackle complex analytical challenges. Nevertheless, capillary electrophoresis, as the most common mode, still suffers from insufficient detection limits due to low capillary loadability. ITP is of growing interest as preconcentration method for capillary electrophoresis and is also interesting to be applied as an independent analytical method. While mass spectrometric detection is common for capillary electrophoresis, the combination of ITP with MS is still a niche technique. In this work, we want to give an overview on isotachophoretic effects in CE‐MS and ITP‐MS methods, as well as coupling techniques of ITP with CE‐MS. The challenges and possibilities associated with mass spectrometric detection in ITP and its coupling to capillary electrophoresis are critically discussed.
Compensatory mechanisms affect sensorimotor integration during ongoing vocal motor acts in marmoset monkeys
2020-03-14

Abstract Any transmission of vocal signals faces the challenge of acoustic interferences such as heavy rain, wind, animal or urban sounds. Consequently, several mechanisms and strategies have evolved to optimize signal‐to‐noise ratio. Examples to increase detectability are the Lombard effect, an involuntary rise in call amplitude in response to masking ambient noise, which is often associated with other vocal changes such as call frequency and duration, as well as the animals’ capability of limiting calling to periods where noise perturbation is absent. Previous studies revealed vocal flexibility and various audio‐vocal integration mechanisms in marmoset monkeys. Using acoustic perturbation triggered by vocal behaviour, we investigated whether marmosets are capable of exhibiting changes in call structure when perturbing noise starts after call onset or whether such effects only occur if noise perturbation starts prior to call onset. We show that marmosets are capable of rapidly modulating call amplitude and frequency in response to such noise perturbation. Vocalizations swiftly increased call frequency after noise onset indicating a rapid effect of perturbing noise on vocal motor production. Call amplitudes were also affected. Interestingly, however, the marmosets did not exhibit the Lombard effect as previously reported but decreased call intensity in response to noise. Our findings indicate that marmosets possess a general avoidance strategy to call in the presence of ambient noise and suggest that these animals are capable of counteracting a previously thought involuntary audio‐vocal mechanism, the Lombard effect. These findings will pave the way to investigate the underlying audio‐vocal integration mechanisms explaining these behaviours.
Analysis procedures for assessing recovery of high quality, complete, closed genomes from Nanopore long read metagenome sequencing
2020-03-14

Abstract New long read sequencing technologies offer huge potential for effective recovery of complete, closed genomes from complex microbial communities. Using long read (MinION) obtained from an ensemble of activated sludge enrichment bioreactors, we 1 ) describe new methods for validating long read assembled genomes using their counterpart short read metagenome assembled genomes; 2 ) assess the influence of different correction procedures on genome quality and predicted gene quality and 3 ) contribute 21 new closed or complete genomes of community members, including several species known to play key functional roles in wastewater bioprocesses: specifically microbes known to exhibit the polyphosphate– and glycogen–accumulating organism phenotypes (namely Accumulibacter and Dechloromonas, and Micropruina and Defluviicoccus, respectively), and filamentous bacteria (Thiothrix) associated with the formation and stability of activated sludge flocs. Our findings further establish the feasibility of long read metagenome–assembled genome recovery, and demonstrate the utility of parallel sampling of moderately complex enrichments communities for recovery of genomes of key functional species relevant for the study of complex wastewater treatment bioprocesses.
Prospects of Coupled Organic–Inorganic Nanostructures for Charge and Energy Transfer Applications
2020-03-16

Abstract We review the field of organic–inorganic nanocomposites with a focus on materials that exhibit a significant degree of electronic coupling across the hybrid interface. These nanocomposites undergo a variety of charge and energy transfer processes, enabling optoelectronic applications in devices which exploit singlet fission, triplet energy harvesting, photon upconversion or hot charge carrier transfer. We discuss the physical chemistry of the most common organic and inorganic components. Based on those we derive synthesis and assembly strategies and design criteria on material and device level with a focus on photovoltaics, spin memories or optical upconverters. We conclude that future research in the field should be directed towards an improved understanding of the binding motif and molecular orientation at the hybrid interface.