julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Indonesian prefixes peN-, pe2- and per-
2019-02-21

This paper presents a literature review on three nominalising prefixes in Indonesian: peN-, pe2- and per- whose function is to create agent, instrument, or patient (e.g. tulis ‘to write’ – penulis ‘writer’, wisata ‘travel’ – pewisata ‘traveller’ and tapa ‘ascetic’ – pertapa ‘hermit’). The ‘N-‘ in peN- stands for ‘nasal’ due to its five nasalised allomorphs (e.g. pen-, peny-, pem-, peng-, and penge-). However, there is one peN- allomorph which is not nasalised, henceforth called pe1-. Pe2-, the other prefix, is described as having similar in form and meaning as pe1-. Per-, the last prefixed is described as the archaic nominalisation prefix. Some theorists believed that Indonesian nominalisation is derived from peN- and per- in which pe2- belongs to per-, some argued that it is formed from peN- in which pe2- is one of peN- variant or per-, and some stated that nouns are derived from peN-, pe2- or per-. PeN- is described as the most productive of the three prefixes and is believed to correlate with the verbal prefix meN- (e.g. menulis ‘to write’ – penulis ‘writer’) with the process of affix substitution. Whereas pe2- is described as corresponding with the verbal prefix ber- (e.g. berwisata ‘to travel’ – pewisata ‘traveller’). Thus far, there has been no consensus addressing whether pe2- the allomorph of peN- or per- or none of them. This paper will examine existing theories and research relevant to this issue.
Gene x Gene Interactions Highlight the Role of Incretin Resistance for Insulin Secretion
2019-02-21

<b>Introduction:</b> Genetic polymorphisms in <i>TCF7L2</i> are the strongest common risk variants for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We and others have shown that genetic variation in <i>TCF7L2</i> and <i>WFS1</i> affect incretin-stimulated insulin secretion. A recent genome-wide association study discovered genetic variants associated with incretin levels. We hypothesized that these SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) interact with the well-known <i>TCF7L2</i> variant rs7903146 on insulin secretion due to their incretin altering effect. <b>Methods:</b> In this retrospective analysis, we used data from the cross-sectional TUEF-cohort (<i>n</i> = 2929) and a hyperglycemic clamp study using additional GLP-1 infusion at the end of the clamp (<i>n</i> = 76). Insulin secretion was measured by evaluating OGTT-derived indexes of insulin secretion and insulin/C-peptide levels during clamp. We genotyped rs7903146 in <i>TCF7L2</i>, rs10010131 in <i>WFS1</i>, and six SNPs associated with GLP-1 and GIP levels. <b>Results:</b> One of the six incretin-associated SNPs, rs17681684 in <i>GLP2R</i>, exhibited significant SNP x SNP interactions with rs7903146 in <i>TCF7L2</i> on insulin secretion (<i>p</i> = 0.0024) after correction for multiple testing. Three further SNP's showed nominally significant interactions (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the hyperglycemic clamp study, rs7903146 in <i>TCF7L2</i> also interacted with rs17681684 on AUC C-peptide during the GLP-1 stimulation phase, thereby replicating the above finding. <b>Conclusion:</b> The findings exemplify the role of SNP x SNP interactions in the genetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus and corroborate the existence of clinically relevant differences in incretin sensitivity.
Using machine learning-based lesion behavior mapping to identify anatomical networks of cognitive dysfunction: spatial neglect and attention
2019-02-21

Abstract Previous lesion behavior studies primarily used univariate lesion behavior mapping techniques to map the anatomical basis of spatial neglect after right brain damage. These studies led to inconsistent results and lively controversies. Given these inconsistencies, the idea of a widespread network that might underlie spatial orientation and neglect has been pushed forward. In such case, univariate lesion behavior mapping methods might have been inherently limited in uncover the presumed network in a single study due to limited statistical power. By using multivariate lesion-mapping based on support vector regression, we aimed to validate the network hypothesis directly in a large sample of 203 newly recruited right brain damaged patients. In a single analysis, this method identified a network of parietal, temporal, frontal, and subcortical regions, which also included white matter tracts connecting these regions. The results were compared to univariate analyses of the same patient sample using different combinations of lesion volume correction and statistical thresholding. The comparison revealed clear benefits of multivariate lesion behavior mapping in identifying brain networks.
Manipulating patterns of dynamic deformation elicits the impression of cloth with varying stiffness
2019-02-21

Abstract Cloth is a common material and humans can visually estimate its mechanical properties by observing how it deforms under external forces. Here we ask whether, and how, dynamic deformation can affect the perception of mechanical properties of cloth. In Experiment 1, we find that both intrinsic mechanical properties and optical properties affect stiffness perception when the stimuli are presented as images. By contrast, in videos, humans can partially discount the effect of optical appearances and exhibit higher sensitivity to stiffness. We further identified an idiosyncratic deformation pattern (i.e., movement uniformity) to differentiate stiffness, which can be reliably measured by six optical flow features. In Experiment 2, we isolate the deformation by creating dynamic dot stimuli from the 3D mesh of the cloth. We directly alter the movement pattern by manipulating the uniformity of the displacement vectors on the dot stimuli, and show that changing the pattern of dynamic deformation alone can alter the perceived stiffness of cloth in a variety of scene set-ups. Furthermore, by analyzing optical flow fields extracted from the manipulated dynamic dot stimuli, we confirmed the same six optical flow features can be diagnostic of the degree of stiffness of moving cloth across different scenes. Overall, our study demonstrates that manipulating patterns of dynamic deformation alone can elicit the impression of cloth with varying stiffness, suggesting that human visual system might rely on the idiosyncratic pattern of dynamic deformation for estimating stiffness.
A Magical Rock Crystal Gem from Apollonia-Arsuf, Israel
2019-02-21

This article discusses an inscribed large crystal rock gem (2.70 x 2.15 x 1.65 cm), retrieved during the excavations at Apollonia-Arsuf. It bears a two-line magical inscription written in linear Kufic script. It is the first magical rock crystal ever found in a proper archaeological context. Based on its appearance, it can only be vaguely dated between the eighth to the twelfth centuries. A late date would make it contemporary to the associated ceramics in that layer. The relative proximity of the find place to Egypt makes an origin of the talisman from Fatimid Egypt likely, as may also be suggested in our analytical appendix.
Kinematic response of ice-rise divides to changes in oceanic andatmospheric forcing
2019-02-21

Abstract. The majority of Antarctic ice shelves are bounded by grounded ice rises. These ice rises exhibit local flow regimes that partially oppose the flow of the surrounding ice shelves. Formation of such ice rises is accompanied by a characteristic upward arching internal stratigraphy (Raymond arches), archiving potential past divide migration and the onset of divide flow. Information about past ice-sheet conditions can therefore be retrieved in areas where other archives are missing. However, the quantitative interpretation of the stratigraphy requires modelling and radar observations. Hitherto, ice-rise modelling has been restricted to 2D and excluded the coupling between ice shelf and ice rise. This presents a major limitation for the interpretation of ice rises as ice-dynamic archive. Here we present an improved modelling framework to study ice-rise evolution using a calibrated, isothermal, and isotropic 3D Full-Stokes model including grounding-line dynamics at the required mesh resolution (&lt;500 m). We apply the model to the Ekström Ice Shelf catchment containing two ice rises. Our results show that changes in the surface mass balance result in immediate and sustained divide migration (&gt;2.0 m/yr) of up to 3.5 km. In contrast, instantaneous ice-shelf disintegration causes a short-lived and delayed (by 60–100 years) response of smaller magnitude (&lt;0.75 m/yr). The model tracks migration of a triple junction and synchronous ice-divide migration in both ice rises with similar magnitude but differing rates. The model is suitable for glacial/interglacial simulations on the catchment scale, providing the next step forward to unravel the ice-dynamic history stored in ice rises all around Antarctica.
Modulations of the cosmic muon signal in ten years of Borexino data
2019-02-22

We have measured the flux of cosmic muons in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso at 3800 m w.e. To be (3.432 ± 0.003)ċ 10 -4 m -2 s -1 based on ten years of Borexino data acquired between May 2007 and May 2017. A seasonal modulation with a period of (366.3 ± 0.6) d and a relative amplitude of (1.36 ±0.04)% is observed. The phase is measured to be (181.7 ± 0.4) d, corresponding to a maximum at the 1 st of July. Using data inferred from global atmospheric models, we show the muon flux to be positively correlated with the atmospheric temperature and measure the effective temperature coefficient α T = 0.90 ± 0.02. The origin of cosmic muons from pion and kaon decays in the atmosphere allows to interpret the effective temperature coefficient as an indirect measurement of the atmospheric kaon-to-pion production ratio r K /π = 0.11 +0.11-0.07 for primary energies above 18 TeV. We find evidence for a long-term modulation of the muon flux with a period of ∼ 3000 d and a maximum in June 2012 that is not present in the atmospheric temperature data. A possible correlation between this modulation and the solar activity is investigated. The cosmogenic neutron production rate is found to show a seasonal modulation in phase with the cosmic muon flux but with an increased amplitude of (2.6 ± 0.4)%.
Grassland plants show no relationship between leaf drought tolerance and soil moisture affinity, but rapidly adjust to changes in soil moisture
2019-02-22

Abstract Assessing drought tolerance and the ability of plants to adjust to changes in available water resources is crucial for understanding current and future distributions of plant species. While turgor loss point ( π tlp ) has been recognized as a direct determinant of drought tolerance in woody plants, information on it for grassland species is largely missing. We first validated a rapid method to estimate π tlp for grassland species, using osmometry measurements ( π tlp‐osm ) of osmotic potential at full hydration ( π o‐osm ), originally proposed for woody species. We confirmed that π o‐osm was tightly positively related to π tlp measured by the classic pressure–volume curve ( π tlp‐pv ). Cell wall elasticity was not important in the maintenance of turgor and neither specific leaf area nor leaf dry matter content influenced π tlp. We then studied the relationship between π tlp‐osm measured under controlled conditions and species’ soil moisture affinity (Ellenberg indicator values) in 40 diverse grassland species from the full range of soil moisture conditions found in temperate grasslands. On a subset of 12 species, we studied the adjustment in π tlp‐osm to drought stress and recovery from drought. We hypothesized that dry grassland species are better adapted to drier conditions by having comparatively higher leaf drought tolerance (more negative π tlp ) and a better ability to adjust to acute drought stress. We found that π tlp‐osm was unrelated to species’ soil moisture affinity. However, all species developed higher leaf drought tolerance by decreasing π tlp‐osm after seven weeks of drought stress. After only one week of recovery, all species reduced the leaf drought tolerance back to the π tlp‐osm level comparable with non‐stressed plants. Our results considerably extend the relationship between π o‐osm and π tlp , originally defined for woody species, and thus propose a yet unexploited direct method for assessing leaf drought tolerance via turgor loss point in herbaceous species. However, the lack of relationship between π tlp and soil moisture affinity suggests that, unlike in woody plants, leaf‐level drought tolerance in grassland plants does not fully translate into whole‐plant drought resistance, suggesting an importance of other drought resistance strategies. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Automated oxygen control in the preterm infant: automation yes, but we need intelligence
2019-02-22

Artificial intelligence (AI), the mimicry of human intelligence with computer systems, has found its way into so many fields of human endeavour and is finding its way into ours.1 Already well entrenched in several healthcare disciplines, there would appear to be great potential for AI and lesser forms of automation in neonatology and neonatal intensive care, and examples already exist in the areas of clinical decision support (eg, risk prediction from large and/or complex datasets2) and machine-oriented repetitive operations (eg, tidal volume targeting3 and temperature control4). To this latter list can also be added automated control of inspired oxygen concentration in preterm infants, numerous algorithms for which have been developed over the years, with a number of them now incorporated in contemporary neonatal ventilators and studied in preclinical5 or clinical6–10 settings. Common findings are that these devices afford a greater proportion of time with oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the target range, with less time in the extremes of hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia. Seemingly against this tide of technological advance, the evolution of respiratory care in preterm infants in recent decades has seen the persistence/resurgence of one ‘low-tech’ form of mechanical respiratory support, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and the emergence of another, nasal high flow (HF).11 Within a few years, enthusiasm for nasal HF has burgeoned, and it has been used in increasing numbers of preterm infants, at a variety of stages of their journey through the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Many aspects of the nasal HF package are attractive; it is simple and easy to use, induces less nasal trauma and can be widely applied, including in low-resource settings. Given the potential value of automated oxygen control for preterm infants, and the increasing uptake of nasal HF, it makes sense to link the ...
Transfer, Assembly, and Embedding of Small CMOS-Die Arrays for the Build-Up of Flexible Smart Implants
2019-02-22

The integration of small wafer-based devices into flexible polymeric systems allows the fabrication of smart systems. Such systems are of high interest and are being developed in different fields. Active implants for biomedical applications promise new insights and therapy possibilities including the novel field of electroceuticals, which focuses on the treatment of systemic diseases by neuromodulation. For the fabrication of a new active flexible microelectrode array, we developed a process that allows the embedding of an array of small CMOS dies into a polymer foil. The process includes a transfer printing process based on adhesion, transferring the desired of the separated dies from UV-curable dicing tape to a substrate coated with sugar solution. The transfer printing process has shown to be highly reliable and selective, yielding a transfer success rate of 100% in most cases. The relative position of the transferred dies is conserved to less than 15 μm lateral displacement. To evaluate the process, the pull-off strength of the employed silicone stamps was measured. For stamps made of soft silicone, a pulling strength up to 83 kPa was obtained. In addition to this, a process for the embedding of the dies into a flexible foil system is presented. Using polydimethylsiloxane, the topography due to the dies' height is reduced from more than 200 μm to approximately 10 μm, enabling the use of standard microelectromechanical fabrication processes on top.
Short-term consumption of sucralose with, but not without, carbohydrate impairs neural and metabolic sensitivity to sugar
2019-02-22

Summary There is a general consensus that overconsumption of sugar sweetened beverages contributes to the prevalence of obesity and related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether a similar relationship exists for no, or low-calorie “diet” drinks is a subject of intensive debate and controversy. Here, we show that metabolic dysfunction, coupled with reduced central sensitivity to sweet, but not sour, salty or bitter taste, occurs when sucralose is repeatedly consumed with, but not without, a carbohydrate over a two-week period in healthy humans. A similar exposure to sucralose, with, but not without, a carbohydrate altered substrate utilization in mice. More specifically, greater energy intake was required for the animals to shift from fatty acid to carbohydrate oxidation, indicating a reduced sensitivity to carbohydrate. These findings demonstrate that consumption of sucralose in the presence of a carbohydrate rapidly impairs glucose metabolism and may contribute to the rise in T2D.
Division Plane Establishment and Cytokinesis
2019-02-23

Plant cells divide their cytoplasmic content by forming a new membrane compartment, the cell plate, via a rerouting of the secretory pathway toward the division plane aided by a dynamic cytoskeletal apparatus known as the phragmoplast. The phragmoplast expands centrifugally and directs the cell plate to the preselected division site at the plasma membrane to fuse with the parental wall. The division site is transiently decorated by the cytoskeletal preprophase band in preprophase and prophase, whereas a number of proteins discovered over the last decade reside continuously at the division site and provide a lasting spatial reference for phragmoplast guidance. Recent studies of membrane fusion at the cell plate have revealed the contribution of functionally conserved eukaryotic proteins to distinct stages of cell plate biogenesis and emphasize the coupling of cell plate formation with phragmoplast expansion. Together with novel findings concerning preprophase band function and the setup of the division site, cytokinesis and its spatial control remain an open-ended field with outstanding and challenging questions to resolve.
Complications after non-surgical management of proximal humeral fractures: a systematic review of terms and definitions
2019-02-23

Scientific literature on surgically-managed PHF uses different terms to describe complications and without approved definitions, which highlights a lack of agreement on adverse event terminology for PHFs. Defined event terms are mostly based on radiological observations. Consensus among shoulder surgeons on a core event set is indispensable to support the standardization of safety reporting for surgically-treated PHFs.
A Transdisciplinary Approach to Identifying Transboundary Tipping Points in a Contentious Area: Experiences from across the Jordan River Region
2019-02-23

Transdisciplinary research is urgently needed but has rarely been applied in sustainability science. Here, we present a case study for a transdisciplinary approach to identify tipping points in the Jordan River region, an area of severe conflicts and environmental problems. The aim was to identify and prioritize different ecological and social tipping points within a framework of transdisciplinary assessment, using the Jordan River Region as a case study. The methodology included an iterative process in which a multidisciplinary group of scientists and regional stakeholders evaluated emerging tipping points involving professionally facilitated workshops, a correlation analysis, and an anonymous ranking based on specific criteria (practical relevance, scientific novelty, transboundary elements, and feasibility of intervention). During the process, the similarities and differences in the perceptions of the potential case studies by stakeholders from the three countries (Israel, Palestine and Jordan) involved were analyzed. The results found key elements of the term tipping point (abrupt, difficult to predict, irreversible regime shift, difficult management), and showed local and regional differences in evaluating potential case studies, where degradation or desertification of rangelands emerged as a final case study of common concern. The lessons learnt show the potential and challenges of transboundary cooperation, and the possibility of the co-creation of research with stakeholders to build knowledge about the diversity of tipping points. The study concludes that common ground related to the sustainable management of natural resources exists even in highly contentious areas, and among highly different cultural, political, and socio-economic conditions. The approach presented here may thus inform practitioners in prioritizing areas of transboundary sustainability research in other regions.
Multi-phase coronary magnetic resonance angiography improves delineation of coronary arteries
2019-02-24

Background Coronary artery magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) is a robust tool for delineation of the coronary artery anatomy. In order to overcome the issue of visual delineation of the quietest heart phase, we implemented a new three-dimensional (3D) multi-phase whole-heart CMRA. Purpose To evaluate the 3D multi-phase whole-heart CMRA technique for depiction of the coronary arteries and simultaneous assessment of cardiac function. Material and Methods Ten healthy volunteers were included in a prospective study comprising 3D whole-heart CMRA with multiple-phase acquisition on 1.5-T MR. As a reference for coronary artery imaging, single-phase CMRA was performed. Furthermore, two-dimensional SSFP imaging was performed for functional assessment. Vessel sharpness (VS) was rated on a 5-point Likert scale (5 = best) and ventricular volumes were assessed in respective sequences. Results VS scores were rated higher in multi-phase compared to single-phase CMRA: mean VS of the RCA was 4.6 ± 0.52 in multi-phase and 3.6 ± 1.17 in single-phase CMRA (z = –2.232, P = 0.031). Mean VS of the LM was 4.2 ± 0.79 vs. 3.7 ± 0.82 (z = –2.236, P = 0.063), of the LCX was 3.8 ± 1.03 vs. 3.4 ± 1.01 (z = –1.265, P = 0.359), and of the LAD was 3.9 ± 0.59 vs. 3.9 ± 0.32 (z = 0, P = 1.00). In functional assessment, the mean difference between multi-phase CMRA and two-dimensional SSFP imaging for assessing the end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle (LV-EDV) was –0.38% (95% CI -2.41–1.64) and for the right ventricular EDV –0.28 (95% CI -3.51–2.96). Conclusion The 3D multi-phase CMRA approach allows a time efficient depiction of the coronary arteries and a coeval functional assessment, with an improved vessel sharpness of the coronaries.
The Big Yawning: Pathological Yawning as a Symptom of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
2019-02-24

Pathological yawning is rarely observed in cerebral or spinal diseases. A 67-year-old woman was admitted with a seven-day progressive hemisyndrome with left-sided limb ataxia and hypesthesia. The patient yawned with a high frequency, partially in salve-like episodes. MRI showed a cervical myelitis over more than three vertebral segments up to the lower medulla and Aquaporin-4-antibodies were positive (diagnostic criteria for a Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder were fulfilled). Under treatment with methylprednisolone, followed by plasmapheresis and immunoadsorption, clinical symptoms were regressive and the frequency of yawning completely normalized. When observing pathological yawning, even in the absence of other cerebral or brainstem symptoms, one should be aware of NMOSD as a possible cause.