julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
The phosphodiesterase 2A regulates lymphatic endothelial development via cGMP-mediated control of Notch signaling
2023-01-20

Abstract During vascular development endothelial junctions mature and vessel integrity is established to form the endothelial barrier. The molecular mechanisms by which lymphatic vessels induce cell contact inhibition are not understood. Here, we uncover the cGMP-dependent phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) as a selective regulator of lymphatic, but not blood endothelial contact inhibition. Conditional deletion of Pde2a in mouse embryos reveals severe lymphatic dysplasia, while large blood vessel architecture remains unaltered. In the absence of PDE2A, human lymphatic endothelial cells fail to induce mature junctions and cell cycle arrest, while cGMP levels, but not cAMP levels, are increased. Loss of PDE2A-mediated cGMP hydrolysis leads to downregulation of NOTCH signaling. Vice versa, DLL4-induced NOTCH activation restores junctional maturation in PDE2A-deficient lymphatic endothelial cells. Our data demonstrate that PDE2A selectively modulates a crosstalk between cGMP and NOTCH signaling to finetune lymphatic development and suggest that PDE2A may be a druggable target to control lymphatic leakage and regeneration.
Morphometry variations of orbitofrontal regions for increased BMI and appetite in major depression
2023-01-20

However, it is unclear if conceptually related atypical symptoms of changes in appetite are associated with similar neural alterations and if BMI and increasedappetite are also associated with white matter alterations. We employed a multi model structural neuroimaging approach to investigate the relationship between orbitofrontal gray and white matter with recent changes in appetite and BMI in a sample of N = 715 major depressive disorder patients. We found that increased BMI was associated with significantly lower cortical thickness and lower gray matter density in the right OFC, and in particular its medial aspect. For change in appetite, in contrast, we did not find any significant association with OFC morphometry, nor with OFC white matter connections. Bayesian model comparisons further suggested that BMI alone, but not change in appetite or a combination of both explained variance in cortical thickness of the right OFC. We further found strong to decisive evidence for the absence of an effect of BMI and appetite for most other analyses, including surface area and DTI measures of all OFC regions. Taken together, our findings thus suggest that BMI related alterations in OFC morphometry cannot be traced back to changes in appetite in major depression, indicating a region and modality specific effect for BMI.
A generic quantum Wielandt's inequality
2023-01-20

Quantum Wielandt's inequality gives an optimal upper bound on the minimal length such that length- products of elements in a generating system span . It is conjectured that should be of order in general. In this paper, we give an overview of how the question has been studied in the literature so far and its relation to a classical question in linear algebra, namely the length of the algebra . We provide a generic version of quantum Wielandt's inequality, which gives the optimal length with probability one. More specifically, we prove based on [KS16] that generically is of order , as opposed to the general case, in which the best bound to date is . Our result implies a new bound on the primitivity index of a random quantum channel. Furthermore, we shed new light on a long-standing open problem for Projected Entangled Pair State, by concluding that almost any translation-invariant PEPS (in particular, Matrix Product State) with periodic boundary conditions on a grid with side length of order is the unique ground state of a local Hamiltonian. We observe similar characteristics for matrix Lie algebras and provide numerical results for random Lie-generating systems.
Audio features for DSL-S 2023 shared task
2023-01-20

These files are features (i-vectors, x-vectors, MFCC features) extracted from the subset of Mozilla Common Voice corpus version 12.0 used in the VarDial 2023 shared task on Discriminating Between Similar Languages - Speech (DSL-S 2023). This data set contains only the features for the training and development section (and the Common Voice meta data) for the nine languages included in the shared task (see shared task website for further information).
Aging impairs the temporal clustering of sleep spindles
2023-01-21

Journal Article Aging impairs the temporal clustering of sleep spindles Get access Niels Niethard Niels Niethard Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany Corresponding author. Niels Niethard, Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. Email: niels.niethard@uni-tuebingen.de https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7939-1021 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sleep, Volume 46, Issue 5, May 2023, zsad011, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad011 Published: 21 January 2023 Article history Published: 21 January 2023 Corrected and typeset: 22 February 2023
Working Memory Capacity Depends on Attention Control, but Not Selective Attention
2023-01-22

Working memory and attention are interrelated constructs that are sometimes even considered indistinguishable. Since attention is not a uniform construct, it is possible that different types of attention affect working memory capacity differently. To clarify this issue, we investigated the relationship between working memory capacity and various components of attention. The sample consisted of 136 healthy adult participants aged 18 to 37 years (M = 20.58, SD = 2.74). Participants performed tasks typically used to assess working memory (operation span, change detection, simple digit span, and adaptive digit span tasks), selective attention (visual search task), and attention control (Stroop and antisaccade tasks). We tested several models with working memory and attention, either as a unitary factor or being divided into selective attention and attention control factors. A confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model with three latent variables—working memory capacity, attention control, and selective attention—fit the data best. Results showed that working memory and attention are distinct but correlated constructs: working memory capacity was only related to attention control, whereas attention control was related to both constructs. We propose that differences in working memory capacity are determined only by the ability to maintain attention on the task, while differences in the ability to filter out non-salient distractors are not related to working memory capacity.
Stressor-Specific Sex Differences in Amygdala–Frontal Cortex Networks
2023-01-22

Females and males differ in stress reactivity, coping, and the prevalence rates of stress-related disorders. According to a neurocognitive framework of stress coping, the functional connectivity between the amygdala and frontal regions (including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)) plays a key role in how people deal with stress. In the current study, we investigated the effects of sex and stressor type in a within-subject counterbalanced design on the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the amygdala and these frontal regions in 77 healthy participants (40 females). Both stressor types led to changes in subjective ratings, with decreasing positive affect and increasing negative affect and anger. Females showed higher amygdala–vACC and amygdala–mPFC rsFC for social exclusion than for achievement stress, and compared to males. Whereas a higher amygdala–vACC rsFC indicates the activation of emotion processing and coping, a higher amygdala–mPFC rsFC indicates feelings of reward and social gain, highlighting the positive effects of social affiliation. Thus, for females, feeling socially affiliated might be more fundamental than for males. Our data indicate interactions of sex and stressor in amygdala–frontal coupling, which translationally contributes to a better understanding of the sex differences in prevalence rates and stress coping.
Aquaporin-1 and Aquaporin-4 Expression in Ependyma, Choroid Plexus and Surrounding Transition Zones in the Human Brain
2023-01-22

The choroid plexus (CP) is a structure in the brain ventricles that produces the main part of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is covered with specialized cells which show epithelial characteristics and are the site of the blood–CSF barrier. These cells form a contiguous cell sheet with ventricle-lining ependymal cells which are known to express aquaporin-4 (AQP4). In contrast, CP epithelial cells express aquaporin-1 (AQP1) apically. We investigated the expression patterns of aquaporins in the CP-ependyma transition from human body donors using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Ependymal cells and subependymal astrocytes at the base of the CP showed a particularly high AQP4 immunoreactivity. Astrocytic processes formed a dense meshwork or glial plate around the blood vessels entering the CP. Interestingly, some of these astrocytic processes were in direct contact with the CP stroma, which contains fenestrated blood vessels, separated only by a basal lamina. Electron microscopy confirmed the continuity of the subastrocytic basal lamina with the CP epithelium. We also probed for components of the AQP4 anchoring dystrophin–dystroglycan complex. Immunolabeling for dystrophin and AQP4 showed an overlapping staining pattern in the glial plate but not in previously reported AQP4-positive CP epithelial cells. In contrast, dystroglycan expression was associated with laminin staining in the glial plate and the CP epithelium. This suggests different mechanisms for AQP4 anchoring in the cell membrane. The high AQP4 density in the connecting glial plate might facilitate the transport of water in and out of the CP stroma and could possibly serve as a drainage and clearing pathway for metabolites.
Unified and Standardized Mass Spectrometry Data Processing in Python Using spectrum_utils
2023-01-23

spectrum_utils is a Python package for mass spectrometry data processing and visualization. Since its introduction, spectrum_utils has grown into a fundamental software solution that powers various applications in proteomics and metabolomics, ranging from spectrum preprocessing prior to spectrum identification and machine learning applications to spectrum plotting from online data repositories and assisting data analysis tasks for dozens of other projects. Here, we present updates to spectrum_utils, which include new functionality to integrate mass spectrometry community data standards, enhanced mass spectral data processing, and unified mass spectral data visualization in Python. spectrum_utils is freely available as open source at https://github.com/bittremieux/spectrum_utils.
Assessing biological maturity timing by MRI and coaches’ eye in elite youth soccer players: A comparison between objective and subjective diagnostics utilizing correlation and single case analyses
2023-01-23

The importance of considering information related to athletes’ biological maturation within talent identification and development processes is frequently emphasized by both sport scientists and practitioners. Although there is evidence for the use of objective diagnostics for assessing biological maturation, little is known about its subjective determinations by coaches. Such approaches are particularly relevant when scientific support is limited. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare a practical subjective approach (coaches’ eye) to assess biological maturity timing (BMT) with objective reference diagnostics (MRI). For this purpose, data were collected from 63 male elite soccer players of the U12 and U14 age group who were part of the German talent promotion program. Players’ BMT (i.e., skeletal – chronological age) was assessed by MRI and a subjective rating of two coaches. Data analyses revealed high-rank correlations ( r s = .55; p &lt; .001) for the total sample as well as for U14 players ( r s = .65; p &lt; .001) and moderate rank correlations for U12 players ( r s = .42; p &lt; .05). Single case analyses showed substantial agreements between the diagnostics. However, particularly for U12 players, judgements did not always correspond with the MRI rankings. Although coaches seem to have the ability for recognizing the earliest and latest maturing players in the sample, inconsistencies exist in single cases, especially for players that were identified on-time by objective MRI diagnostics. Although utilizing subjective coach assessments as an alone-standing tool to assess a player's BMT is not recommended in applied practice, its use can be beneficial when applied in addition to common objective diagnostics or in circumstances where objective data are not available.
Distinct Reactivity of Trimethylytterbium toward AlMe3 and GaMe3: Synthesis of Donor‐Stabilized Dimethylytterbium
2023-01-23

Abstract Me 3 TACN (1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane)‐stabilized trimethylytterbium was obtained via a salt‐metathesis protocol employing [(Me 3 TACN)YbCl 3 ] and methyllithium. Complex [(Me 3 TACN)YbMe 3 ] seems not to engage in redox chemistry with potassium graphite and is thermally quite stable in the solid state. Treatment of trivalent [(Me 3 TACN)YbMe 3 ] with 3 equiv. of AlMe 3 afforded divalent tetramethylaluminate complex [(Me 3 TACN)Yb(AlMe 4 ) 2 ]. The reaction of [(Me 3 TACN)YbMe 3 ] with GaMe 3 in THF gave trivalent ion pair [(Me 3 TACN)YbMe 2 (thf)][GaMe 4 ], which is susceptible to reduction with KC 8 . The thermally very labile divalent [(Me 3 TACN)YbMe(μ‐Me)] 2 is the first discrete donor adduct of a divalent dimethyl rare‐earth‐metal complex.
Healthcare costs of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) disease in infants during the first two years of life: a retrospective German claims database analysis
2023-01-23

Abstract Background Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection can cause severe neurological damage, growth retardation, hearing loss, and microcephaly in infants. We aimed at assessing healthcare costs of infants with recorded cCMV diagnosis in an administrative claims database in the first 2 years of life. Methods We conducted a retrospective, controlled cohort study using German claims data from the Institute for Applied Health Research Berlin (InGef) database. Incremental healthcare costs during the first and second year of life were assessed by matching (1:60) infants with cCMV diagnoses ≤ 90 days after birth (cCMV 90 cohort) to infants without cCMV diagnosis (“representative” controls) and infants with cCMV diagnoses ≤ 21 days after birth plus specific symptoms (cCMV 21-S ) to infants without cCMV and any ICD-10-GM records (besides Z00-Z99) until 4 th preventive health check-up (“healthy” controls). Due to missing data, mean imputation was applied for aids and remedies costs. Results We identified 54 and 24 infants born 2014–2018 for the cCMV 90 and cCMV 21-S cohorts, respectively. During the first year, mean (median) healthcare costs were significantly higher in cCMV 90 cases vs. “representative” controls (€22,737 (€9759) vs. €3091 (€863), p &lt; 0.001), with 87.2% inpatient costs. Healthcare costs for cCMV 21-S cases compared to “healthy” controls were €34,498 (€20,924) vs. €680 (€569), p &lt; 0.001. Differences decreased for both comparisons in the second year but remained statistically significant. Conclusions cCMV comprises a considerable economic burden for the German healthcare system (€19,646 to €33,818 higher mean costs for infants with recorded cCMV diagnosis in the first year of life). Attempts should be made to reduce this burden.
Sodium-Dependent Neutral Amino Acid Transporter 2 Can Serve as a Tertiary Carrier for l-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1-Utilizing Prodrugs
2023-01-23

Membrane transporters are the key determinants of the homeostasis of endogenous compounds in the cells and their exposure to drugs. However, the substrate specificities of distinct transporters can overlap. In the present study, the interactions of l-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-utilizing prodrugs with sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) were explored. The results showed that the cellular uptake of LAT1-utilizing prodrugs into a human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 cells, was mediated via SNATs as the uptake was increased at higher pH (8.5), decreased in the absence of sodium, and inhibited in the presence of unselective SNAT-inhibitor, (α-(methylamino)isobutyric acid, MeAIB). Moreover, docking the compounds to a SNAT2 homology model (inward-open conformation) and further molecular dynamics simulations and the subsequent trajectory and principal component analyses confirmed the chemical features supporting the interactions of the studied compounds with SNAT2, which was found to be the main SNAT expressed in MCF-7 cells.
On Old English <em>swa</em> 'so'
2023-01-23

This paper investigates the semantics of Old English swa 'so'. The word is indicative of diverse sentence interpretations (for example as equatives, conditionals and subordinate clauses of manner). Compositional semantic analysis reveals that nonetheless, its semantic contribution can be unified into two basic functions: marking definiteness and marking predicate abstraction. The interplay of the two and the possibility of covert marking of definiteness and abstraction links the two cases, revealing a path to reanalysis and semantic change. The analysis can be seen as an investigation into the basic semantic building blocks that go into the construction of complex sentence meanings.
How Strong Is the Evidence for a Causal Reciprocal Effect? Contrasting Traditional and New Methods to Investigate the Reciprocal Effects Model of Self-Concept and Achievement
2023-01-24

Abstract The relationship between students’ subject-specific academic self-concept and their academic achievement is one of the most widely researched topics in educational psychology. A large proportion of this research has considered cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs), oftentimes synonymously referred to as reciprocal effects models (REMs), as the gold standard for investigating the causal relationships between the two variables and has reported evidence of a reciprocal relationship between self-concept and achievement. However, more recent methodological research has questioned the plausibility of assumptions that need to be satisfied in order to interpret results from traditional CLPMs causally. In this substantive-methodological synergy, we aimed to contrast traditional and more recently developed methods to investigate reciprocal effects of students’ academic self-concept and achievement. Specifically, we compared results from CLPMs, full-forward CLPMs (FF-CLPMs), and random intercept CLPMs (RI-CLPMs) with two weighting approaches developed to study causal effects of continuous treatment variables. To estimate these different models, we used rich longitudinal data of N = 3757 students from lower secondary schools in Germany. Results from CLPMs, FF-CLPMs, and weighting methods supported the reciprocal effects model, particularly when math self-concept and grades were considered. Results from the RI-CLPMs were less consistent. Implications from our study for the interpretation of effects from the different models and methods as well as for school motivation theory are discussed.
Machine learning for scattering data: strategies, perspectives and applications to surface scattering
2023-01-24

Machine learning (ML) has received enormous attention in science and beyond. Discussed here are the status, opportunities, challenges and limitations of ML as applied to X-ray and neutron scattering techniques, with an emphasis on surface scattering. Typical strategies are outlined, as well as possible pitfalls. Applications to reflectometry and grazing-incidence scattering are critically discussed. Comment is also given on the availability of training and test data for ML applications, such as neural networks, and a large reflectivity data set is provided as reference data for the community.
Probabilistic prediction by means of the propagation of response variable uncertainty through a Monte Carlo approach in regression random forest: Application to soil moisture regionalization
2023-01-24

Probabilistic predictions aim to produce a prediction interval with probabilities associated with each possible outcome instead of a single value for each outcome. In multiple regression problems, this can be achieved by propagating the known uncertainties in data of the response variables through a Monte Carlo approach. This paper presents an analysis of the impact of the training response variable uncertainty on the prediction uncertainties with the help of a comparison with probabilistic prediction obtained with quantile regression random forest. The result is an uncertainty quantification of the impact on the prediction. The approach is illustrated with the example of the probabilistic regionalization of soil moisture derived from cosmic-ray neutron sensing measurements, providing a regional-scale soil moisture map with data uncertainty quantification covering the Selke river catchment, eastern Germany.
Evolutionary implications of a magnetar interpretation for GLEAM-X J162759.5–523504.3
2023-01-24

ABSTRACT The radio pulsar GLEAM-X J162759.5–523504.3 has an extremely long spin period ( ), and yet seemingly continues to spin-down rapidly ( ). The magnetic field strength that is implied, if the source is a neutron star undergoing magnetic dipole braking, could exceed . This object may therefore be the most magnetized neutron star observed to date. In this paper, a critical analysis of a magnetar interpretation for the source is provided. (i) A minimum polar magnetic field strength of appears to be necessary for the star to activate as a radio pulsar, based on conventional ‘death valley’ assumptions. (ii) Back-extrapolation from magnetic braking and Hall–plastic–Ohm decay suggests that a large angularize momentum reservoir was available at birth to support intense field amplification. (iii) The observational absence of X-rays constrains the star’s field strength and age, as the competition between heating from field decay and Urca cooling implies a surface luminosity as a function of time. If the object is an isolated, young ( ) magnetar with a present-day field strength of , the upper limit ( ) set on its thermal luminosity suggests it is cooling via a direct Urca mechanism.