julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
P-610 THE POTENTIAL FOR ACTIVE BREAKS – RESULTS FROM A RANDOMIZED CROSS-OVER LAB STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF INTRAOPERATIVE BREAKS ON RATING OF PERCEIVED DISCOMFORT, PERFORMANCE, MUSCULAR FATIGUE AND ACTIVITY, POSTURE, HEART RATE AND VARIABILITY, WORKLOAD
2024-07-01

Abstract Introduction Compared to open surgery, laparoscopic surgery puts the surgeon at higher risk for developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) due to long-lasting static and awkward body postures. Intraoperative work breaks showed promising results regarding perceived discomfort without prolonged surgery durations. The primary aim of the current study was to determine whether 2.5-minute passive and active work breaks would reduce ratings of perceived discomfort (RPD) among gynecologists performing simulated laparoscopic procedures compared to no work breaks. The secondary outcomes were performance, muscular activity and fatigue, upper body posture, heart rate and variability and workload. Methods Surgeons (9F, 12M) performed 90-minute simulations without and with breaks after 30-minute work blocks. Primary and secondary outcome parameters were recorded and the interventions were evaluated by a self-developed questionnaire. Generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analyses. Results RPD increased over time to a mean of 0.9 (CR10 Borg Scale) without a significant effect of intervention. The HRV-metric SDNN tended to be higher and shoulder muscular fatigue tended to be lower in the intervention conditions compared to the control condition. No significant effects of both interventions were detected for performance, muscular activity, joint angles, heart rate or workload. The overall likelihood of implementing breaks at own initiative was about 66%. Conclusion Intraoperative work breaks may counteract shoulder muscular fatigue and increase heart rate variability without performance loss. Active breaks have the greatest potential to be implemented and need further investigation into their acceptability, practicality and effectiveness in reducing the risk for WRMSD in future studies.
O-300 A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTRIBUTION AND POTENTIAL OF UNIVERSITY OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENTS TO SUSTAINABLE WORK THROUGH PANDEMIC RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS
2024-07-01

Abstract Introduction It has been a challenge for university medicine in Germany to provide rapid and evidence-based knowledge for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. University occupational medicine departments (OMDs) have a responsibility to contribute to the development of sustainable working environments, including measures for pandemic response and preparedness. This study aims to (1) summarize the spectrum of pandemic-related activities of the 30 OMDs in Germany and (2) derive their potential for the promotion of sustainable work through pandemic management. Methods Between May and August 2023, we conducted 13 interviews with 14 experts from 12 OMDs who were primarily responsible for pandemic management within and outside their institutions. Data analysis follows a rapid thematic approach. Ethical approval was granted in March 2023. Results Depending on financial, human, technological and organisational resources, university OMDs provided a range of pandemic-related occupational safety and health (OSH) services for institutions and companies, research, teaching, professional training and networking activities. We identified political, organizational and interpersonal barriers and facilitators that influence the implementation of OSH competence in the development of an adaptable and sustainable concept for pandemic management. Discussion Close access to other clinical disciplines and participatory applied research with the world of work is an as yet underrepresented potential for university OMDs to contribute to an evidence-based transdisciplinary approach to promoting sustainable work through pandemic response and preparedness. Conclusion The visibility and recognition of existing and new OSH services has increased during the pandemic and should be more firmly established to strengthen sustainable work environments, especially in challenging circumstances. “This publication was partially funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Network of University Medicine 2.0: “NUM 2.0”, Grant No. 01KX2121, Project: Preparedness and Pandemic Response in Germany (work package 9).”
O-340 CHANGES IN ATTITUDES TOWARD INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES IN THE WORKPLACE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC – LONGITUDINAL DATA FROM EMPLOYEES IN GERMANY
2024-07-01

Abstract Introduction Highly regulated working conditions in Germany ensure workers’ occupational safety and health (OSH). Safety culture is associated with safety behavior. Attitudes are associated with health-related behavior intentions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, OSH-measures for SARS-CoV-2-infection control relied on proactive safety behaviors of managers and employees. We explore how employees’ self-reported attitudes toward work-related SARS-CoV-2-infection control measures changed longitudinally. Methods We distributed our online survey (ethical approval no.423/2020BO) in autumn 2020 (T0), January 2021 (T1), and autumn 2021 (T2). N=1115 (37% women; age=45.2±11 (mean±SD)) employees of a global supplier of technology and services in Germany participated at least twice and differed not significantly by attitude and socio-demographics regarding the number of participations. 16 items constitute the attitude score toward organizational SARS-CoV-2-infection control measures (5-point Likert-scale: ‘not’-‘very suitable’; Cronbach’s α(T0)=0.86; high value=positive attitude). Preliminary results Average attitude scores toward organizational OSH-measures did not change with practical importance between T0 (4.1±0.6), T1 (4.2±0.6; Mann-Whitney-U-test: z=2.56, p=0.01, effect size r=0.06) and T2 (4.0±0.6; z=7.08, p&amp;lt;0.001, r=0.17 (small)). We further explore participants at and above the 80th-percentile as well as at and below the 20th-percentile of change from T0 to T1 (each n=143) and T1 to T2 (each n=134). Discussion Using multivariate analyses, we explore factors associated with long-term positive or improving or worsening attitudes toward organizational OSH-measures. Well-developed safety cultures and good framework conditions can help maintain positive attitudes toward OSH-measures or relevantly improve critical attitudes. Conclusion Our longitudinal findings highlight the importance of analyzing OSH-framework conditions and safety culture in promoting long-term positive attitudes toward health-protective measures.
P-617 WORK-BREAKS FOR PREVENTING MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN HEALTHY WORKERS – A COCHRANE REVIEW UPDATE
2024-07-01

Abstract Introduction Work-related musculoskeletal disorders comprise one of the most common disorders related to occupational sick leave worldwide accounting for about 25% of work absenteeism days. This review focusses on work breaks as a measure of primary prevention, which are a type of organisational intervention. With this review update, we compare the effectiveness of different work-break schedules for preventing work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders in healthy workers, compared to conventional or alternate work-break schedules on potential additional literature. Methods We will provide an updated search of the literature (May 2019) for randomized controlled trials that enrolled adult workers free of musculoskeletal symptoms and assessed one or more work-break interventions including changes in frequency, duration and/or type. The primary outcomes are newly diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders, self-reported musculoskeletal pain, discomfort or fatigue, and productivity or work performance. Two review authors will independently screen the literature for additional eligible studies, extract data, perform meta-analyses, assess risk of bias and assess overall quality of the evidence. Results At present, six studies (373 workers) investigated different work-break frequencies (five studies) and types (two studies), but none of the comparisons revealed significant influences on the primary outcomes. All studies had high risk of bias and quality of evidence was (very) low. Conclusion At present, we concluded that different work-break frequencies and types may not considerably reduce incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. The review update may provide some extra insights, although there still is a need for high-quality studies to assess the effectiveness of different work-break interventions on a larger variety of worker populations.
P-240 SYMPTOM CHECKERS AND GENERAL PRACTITIONERS’ WORK-RELATED STRESS. A QUALITATIVE INTERVIEW STUDY WITH GENERAL PRACTITIONERS IN GERMANY
2024-07-01

Abstract Introduction In Germany, like in many countries, general practitioners (GPs) show higher levels of work-related perceived stress than the general population. Staff shortages and the increasing demands of an aging population add to the challenges facing GPs. Symptom Checkers (SCs) are ascribed the potential to relieve an overburdened healthcare system and health workers as they provide lay people with preliminary diagnostic suggestions and suggest a course for action. From an occupational health perspective, we are interested in how SCs interplay with GPs’ work-related stress. Methods Between December 2020 and February 2022, we conducted qualitative interviews with n=8 GPs in Germany. By in-depth analysis, we identified relevant topics and GPs’ implicit concepts. After n=8 interviews, no new aspects were found despite a heterogeneous sample. Results were discussed with research participants and further GPs. Results All GPs’ had a high workload which had even increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their scarcest resource was their time due to patient demand and volume compounded by the reimbursement system. Most GPs were open-minded to new technologies, but only one GP had direct experiences with SCs. All GPs saw SCs as part of the “unorganized stage” in the diagnostic process and did not feel that the process was significantly changed by SCs. They rated SCs possibilities too low to actually decrease the number of unnecessary consultations. Discussion The impact of SCs in general practice in Germany seems very limited. Conclusion GPs remained pragmatic about the vision of SCs to reduce the work-related stress of health workers in an overburdened healthcare system.
Uncovering genetic mimics in multiple sclerosis: A single-center clinical exome sequencing study
2024-07-01

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) shares clinical/radiological features with several monogenic diseases that can mimic MS. Objective We aimed to determine if exome sequencing can identify monogenic diseases in patients diagnosed with MS according to the McDonald criteria thus uncovering them as being misdiagnosed. Methods We performed whole exome sequencing in a cohort of 278 patients with MS, clinically or radiologically isolated syndrome without cerebrospinal fluid-specific oligoclonal bands (CSF-OCBs) (n = 228), a positive family history of MS (n = 44), or both (n = 6), thereby focusing on individuals potentially more likely to have underlying monogenic conditions mimicking MS. We prioritized 495 genes associated with monogenic diseases sharing features with MS. Results A disease-causing variant in NOTCH3 was identified in one patient without CSF-OCBs, no spinal lesions, with non-response to immunotherapy, and a family history of dementia, thereby converting the diagnosis to cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Moreover, 18 patients (6.5% of total) carried variants of unclear significance. Conclusion Monogenic diseases being misdiagnosed as MS seem rare in patients diagnosed with MS according to the McDonald criteria, even in CSF-OCB negative cases. The detected pathogenic NOTCH3 variant emphasizes CADASIL as a rare differential diagnosis and highlights the relevance of genetic testing in selected MS cases with atypical presentations.
Feasibility of adaptive teaching with technology: Which implementation conditions matter?
2024-07-02

Adaptive teaching is regarded to address students' heterogeneity in schools and to individually support their learning. Technology may help to teach adaptively. However, it is still unclear whether realizing adaptive teaching with technology is a feasible teaching practice in real-world classrooms. More importantly, it is an open question which boundary conditions constrain the feasibility of adaptive teaching with technology. We realized a four-year co-design-project in which researchers and teachers co-constructively developed adaptive teaching units (duration: 3–4 weeks) by deliberately integrating technology across secondary education. To assess the feasibility of technology-enhanced adaptive teaching, we followed a sequential-explanatory mixed-methods approach during the co-design-process. We combined a quantitative study (N = 183), investigating students' learning gains and potential moderators, and a qualitative study by means of semi-structured teacher interviews (N = 3) on implementation conditions of the adaptive teaching units. We observed that the teaching units were particularly beneficial for students with low prior knowledge and when they were highly adaptive to students' needs. Fine-grained qualitative findings indicated that formative assessments and consolidation phases were crucial for the feasibility of technology-enhanced adaptive teaching, as well as a parsimonious use of technologies. These findings indicate that the feasibility of adaptive teaching with technology depends on boundary conditions, highlighting the need for further support to unfold the potential of adaptive teaching.
Prospective Deployment of Deep Learning Reconstruction Facilitates Highly Accelerated Upper Abdominal MRI
2024-07-02

1) In a prospective analysis of 45 patients referred for upper abdominal MRI, accelerated deep learning (DL)-reconstructed VIBE images with spectral fat saturation (SPAIR) showed better overall image quality, with better perceived signal-to-noise ratio and less artifacts (all P < 0.001), despite a 50 % reduction in acquisition time compared to conventional VIBE. 2) No evidence of a difference was found between conventional VIBE-SPAIR and accelerated VIBE-SPAIR<sub>DL</sub> regarding lesion detectability or diagnostic confidence.
Using machine learning to predict neurologic injury in venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation recipients: An ELSO Registry analysis
2024-07-02

This is the largest study of VV-ECMO patients to use ML to predict ABI reported to date. Performance was suboptimal, likely due to lack of standardization of neuromonitoring/imaging protocols and data granularity in the ELSO Registry. Standardized neurologic monitoring and imaging are needed across ELSO centers to detect the true prevalence of ABI.
Accuracy scoring of elicited imitation: A tutorial of automating speech data with commercial NLP support
2024-07-02

This tutorial demonstrates how to automate the scoring of two oft-used English morphosyntactic forms, be-passive and third person singular -s, using commercial Natural Language Processing services. It focuses specifically on the context of elicited imitation (EI) tests drawing on previously web-collected EI data (Kim & Godfroid, 2023; Kim et al., 2024). We provide step-by-step instructions and example codes covering three key stages of data processing: (1) speech-to-text transcription, (2) identification of morphosyntactic structures, and (3) the scoring algorithm. This method can be applied to various form-based EI scoring schemes or other form-based automatic scoring tasks, enhancing the broader adoption and practical application of automated scoring in both research and educational settings.
Euclide, the crow, the wolf and the pedestrian: distance metrics for linguistic typology
2024-07-02

<ns3:p>It is common for people working on linguistic geography, language contact and typology to make use of some type of distance metric between lects. However, most work so far has either used Euclidean distances, or geodesic distance, both of which do not represent the real separation between communities very accurately. This paper presents two datasets: one on walking distances and one on topographic distances between over 8700 lects across all macro-areas. We calculated walking distances using Open Street Maps data, and topographic distances using digital elevation data. We evaluate these distance metrics on three case studies and show that from the four distances, the topographic and geodesic distances showed the most consistent performance across datasets, and would be likely to be reasonable first choices. At the same time, in most cases, the Euclidean distances were not much worse than the other distances, and might be a good enough approximation in cases for which performance is critical, or the dataset cover very large areas, and the point-location information is not very precise.</ns3:p>
Endogenous Multihoming and Network Effects: PlayStation, Xbox, or Both?
2024-07-02

Competition between firms that sell incompatible varieties of network products can be fierce because it is important for each of them to attract a large number of users. The literature, therefore, predicts that stronger network effects decrease prices and profits. We show that this prediction hinges critically on an implicit or explicit assumption that each consumer buys only one of the varieties available in the market (singlehoming consumers). We show that multihoming (some consumers buying more than one variety) can arise endogenously if the number of exclusive features that each variety offers is sufficiently large. In sharp contrast to the conventional prediction under consumer singlehoming, we further show that both prices and profits can increase with the strength of the network effects if (some) consumers multihome. However, this does not necessarily imply that profits are higher under multihoming than under singlehoming. On the contrary, multihoming can constitute a prisoner’s dilemma for the firms in the sense that they could make higher profits if each consumer bought only one of the varieties. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Funding: This work was supported by The Research Council of Norway (Program Kulmedia).
Bird population trend analyses for a monitoring scheme with a highly structured sampling design
2024-07-02

Summary Population trends derived from systematic monitoring programmes are essential to identify species of conservation concern and to evaluate conservation measures. However, monitoring data pose several challenges for statistical analysis, including spatial bias due to an unbalanced sampling of natural regions or habitats, variation in observer expertise, frequent observer changes, and overdispersion or zero-inflation in the raw data. An additional challenge arises from so-called ‘rolling’ survey designs, where each site is only visited once within each multi-year rotation cycle. We developed a GAMM-based workflow that addresses these challenges and exemplify its application with the highly structured data from the Ecological Area Sampling (EAS) in the German federal state North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). First, we derive a routine that allows informed decisions about the most appropriate combination of distribution family (Poisson or negative binomial), model covariates (e.g., habitat characteristics), and zero-inflation formulations to reflect species-specific data distributions. Second, we develop a correction factor that buffers population trend estimates for variation in observer expertise as reflected in variation in total bird abundance. Third, we integrate region-specific trends that adjust for between-year variation in the representation of habitat or natural regions within the yearly subset of sampled sites. In a consistency check, we found good match between our GAMM-based EAS trends and TRIM-based trends from the German Common Bird Monitoring scheme. The study provides a template script for R statistical software so the workflow can be adapted to other monitoring programmes with comparable survey designs and data structures.
Transitions in magnetic behavior at the substellar boundary
2024-07-02

\\nWe aim to advance our understanding of magnetic activity and the underlying dynamo mechanism at the end of the main sequence. To this end, we have embarked on collecting simultaneous X-ray and radio observations for a sample of M7..L0 dwarfs in the solar neighborhood using XMM-Newton jointly with the Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) and the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). We supplemented the data from these dedicated campaigns with X-ray data from the all-sky surveys of the ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) on board the Russian Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma mission (SRG). Moreover, we complement this multiwavelength data set with rotation periods that we measured from light curves acquired with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We limited the sample to objects with rotation period of &lt; 1 day, focusing on the study of a transition in magnetic behavior suggested by a drastic change in the radio detection rate at υ sin i ≈ 38 km s−1, corresponding to Prot ≈ 0.2 day for a typical ultracool dwarf (UCD) radius of R★ = 0.15 R⊙. Finally, to enlarge the target list, we have compiled archival X-ray and radio data for UCDs from the literature, and we have analyzed the abovementioned ancillary eROSITA and TESS observations for these objects’ analogous to the targets from our dedicated X-ray/radio campaigns. We compiled the most up to date radio/X-ray luminosity (LR,ν − Lx) relation for 26 UCDs with rotation periods (Prot) lower than 1 day, finding that rapid rotators lie the furthest away from the “Güdel-Benz” relation previously studied for earlier-type stars. Radio bursts are mainly (although not exclusively) experienced by very fast UCDs (Prot ≤ 0.2 day), while X-ray flares are seen by objects spanning the whole range of rotation. Finally, we examined the Lx/Lbol versus Prot relation, where our sample of UCDs spans a large activity level range, that is log(Lx/Lbol) = −5.5 to log(Lx/Lbol) = −3. Although they are all fast rotating, X-ray activity evidently decouples from that of normal dynamos. In fact, we found no evident relation between the X-ray emission and rotation, reinforcing previous speculations on a bimodal dynamo across late-type dwarfs. One radio-detected object, 2MJ0838, has a rotation period consistent with the range of auroral bursting sources; while it displays moderately circularly polarized emission, there is no temporal variation in the polarized flux. A radio flare from this object is interpreted as gyrosynchrotron emission, and it displays X-ray and optical flares. Among the ten UCDs observed with the dedicated X-ray/radio campaigns, we found a slowly rotating apparent auroral emitter (2MJ0752) that is also one of the X-ray brightest radio-detected UCDs. We speculate that this UCD is experiencing a transition in its magnetic behavior since it produces signatures expected from higher-mass M dwarfs along with emerging evidence of auroral emission.\\n