julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Domain Specificity of Procrastination in School
2024-10-01

Abstract: In the educational context, procrastination is a widespread phenomenon that is detrimental to learning progress, but currently, there is little knowledge about procrastination in schools. In this study, we conducted a detailed investigation of procrastination in German schools at the upper secondary level. Of particular interest were the procrastination frequency and potential domain specificity of the construct. For this purpose, we analyzed data from 4,056 high school students (with an average age of 16.38 years) from 225 school classes. Overall, 78.2 % of the students reported that they procrastinate at least occasionally, and general procrastination tendencies in school were comparable to the higher education context. The results furthermore suggest that procrastination is domain specific. The results contribute to a better understanding of the extent of domain-specific procrastination in school.
The membrane domains of mammalian adenylyl cyclases are lipid receptors
2024-10-01

The biosynthesis of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by mammalian membrane-bound adenylyl cyclases (mACs) is predominantly regulated by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Up to now the two hexahelical transmembrane domains of mACs were considered to fix the enzyme to membranes. Here, we show that the transmembrane domains serve in addition as signal receptors and transmitters of lipid signals that control Gsα-stimulated mAC activities. We identify aliphatic fatty acids and anandamide as receptor ligands of mAC isoforms 1–7 and 9. The ligands enhance (mAC isoforms 2, 3, 7, and 9) or attenuate (isoforms 1, 4, 5, and 6) Gsα-stimulated mAC activities in vitro and in vivo. Substitution of the stimulatory membrane receptor of mAC3 by the inhibitory receptor of mAC5 results in a ligand inhibited mAC5–mAC3 chimera. Thus, we discovered a new class of membrane receptors in which two signaling modalities are at a crossing, direct tonic lipid and indirect phasic GPCR–Gsα signaling regulating the biosynthesis of cAMP.
A new class of receptors: Lipids regulate mammalian Gsα-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities via their membrane anchors
2024-10-01

The biosynthesis of cAMP by mammalian membrane-bound adenylyl cyclases (mACs) is predominantly regulated by G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs). Up to now the two hexahelical transmembrane domains of mACs were considered to fix the enzyme to membranes. Here we show that the transmembrane domains serve in addition as signal receptors and transmitters of lipid signals that control Gsα-stimulated mAC activities. We identify aliphatic fatty acids and anandamide as receptor ligands of mAC isoforms 1 to 7 and 9. The ligands enhance (mAC isoforms 2, 3, 7, and 9) or attenuate (isoforms 1, 4, 5, and 6) Gsα-stimulated mAC activities in vitro and in vivo. Substitution of the stimulatory membrane receptor of mAC3 by the inhibitory receptor of mAC5 results in a ligand inhibited mAC5-mAC3 chimera. Thus, we discovered a new class of membrane receptors in which two signaling modalities are at a crossing, direct tonic lipid and indirect phasic GPCR-Gsα signaling regulating the biosynthesis of cAMP.
6379 Clonidin does not stimulate copeptin release
2024-10-01

Abstract Disclosure: G. Binder: None. K. Weber: None. A. Peter: None. R. Schweizer: None. Background: Copeptin is secreted in isomolar amounts along with arginine vasopressin peptide from the posterior pituitary. Its stability makes it a perfect candidate for a biomarker of AVP deficiency. In children, the infusion of arginine and bolus of insulin stimulate copeptin; the respective stimulation test could be an alternative to the water deprivation test. Here, we retrospectively studied the effect of clonidine on copeptin release. Design and patients: This is a monocentric retrospective analysis of donated residual serum samples from 42 children with suspected of GH deficiency who underwent clonidine stimulation between 2020 and 2023. Measurements: Copeptin was measured in baseline, 30-, 60-, 90- and 120-min samples by BRAHMS Copeptin proAVP Kryptor immunofluorescence assay. GH was measured using an in-house RIA calibrated against the WHO International Reference Preparation 98/574. Results: According to the test results (clonidine and arginine test), there were 20 patients with GHD and 16 without GHD. No patient had polyuria-polydipsia syndrome. Median age was 6.7 years (quartiles; 5.6-7.8), the median height was -2.92 SDS (-3.42- -2.34), and the median BMI was-0.29 SDS (-1,32 - +0,16). The median baseline level of copeptin was 5,6 pmol/l (3.4-9.6). Median copeptin mildly decreased to 4.5 pmol/l (3.0-10.0) after 30 min; this change was not significant (P=0.45). Thereafter, median values remained low at 4.6, 4.6 and 4.6 pmol/l (60, 90 and 120 min). There was no correlation between baseline copeptin levels and the diagnosis of GHD. Conclusion: The clonidine stimulation test does not stimulate copeptin release and is therefore not suitable for the assessment of AVP deficiency in children. Presentation: 6/2/2024
Estimation of Denudation Parameters and River Capture Events From Neural Network Inverse Modeling of River Profiles and Thermo‐ and Geochronology Data
2024-10-01

Abstract Earth's topography represents the cumulative effects of tectonics and surface processes modulated by climate and lithology. These factors shape landscapes through time. River profiles can be inverted to estimate the rock uplift histories or lithology‐specific erodibilities. However, river systems are dynamic and evolve in response to spatial and temporal internal dynamics, such as river capture events. Here, we present a modeling framework to infer denudation rates from the inversion of river profiles and thermo‐ and geochronology data. We achieve this by coupling a landscape evolution model and an efficient inverse modeling scheme to infer poorly resolved erosional and tectonic parameters. An application of the approach is presented for the Neckar catchment, southwest Germany, characterized by stark lateral variation in bedrock erodibility and rock uplift, and that have demonstrably undergone multiple river capture events. Different end‐member scenarios are explored in the simulations. First, we test uniform and spatial variability in rock uplift rate and bedrock erodibility, and second, temporal variations in rock uplift rate and base level. Finally, we simulate river capture events by adding upstream sections (drainage area) at specific times and locations within the fluvial network. We find that spatial variation in rock uplift rate is necessary to reproduce the Neckar's river profile while honoring analytical observations. Simulations integrating river captures allow improved river profile predictions of specific tributaries of the Neckar catchment, leading to potentially more realistic erodibility and rock uplift history estimates. The time and location of the capture events determined from the modeling agree with previous estimations from geological evidence.
Law, Commodification, and the Distribution of Resources
2024-10-01

Abstract By exploring the historical and theoretical underpinnings of law as a source of distributional inequities and resource depletion, in tandem with its influence on investment in tangible and intangible assets in contemporary capitalism, this special issue paves the way for new understandings that might better promote shared community interests in sustainability and social equality.
Globally Distributed Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated With Invasive Cinchona pubescens on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos
2024-10-01

ABSTRACT The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is essential for the survival and establishment of most plant species in nature. The reproductive success of invasive plant species in a particular habitat could also depend on these AM fungi. Cinchona pubescens , commonly known as quinine, is highly invasive on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, but at the same time severely endangered in its native range on mainland Ecuador due to overexploitation in the past. In this study, we aim at determining the AMF communities associated with C. pubescens at both locations to investigate whether the successful invasion of C. pubescens on Santa Cruz is related to its association with a particular community of AMF. For this, roots of C. pubescens trees were sampled at three sites, one site on Santa Cruz and two sites in the province of Loja, on mainland Ecuador. Communities of AM fungi were determined through the molecular cloning and sequencing of the 18S nrDNA gene and through the delimitation of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), associated with the plant roots. We found 36 AMF OTUs associated with C. pubescens , most of them belonging to the genus Glomus . The highest richness of AMF OTUs was detected in samples from sites located on mainland Ecuador. The AMF communities between Santa Cruz and mainland Ecuador were significantly different, and only five OTUs were shared between both locations. Two dominant OTUs in C. pubescens from Santa Cruz were detected but no dominant OTUs from mainland Ecuador. Almost two thirds of the OTUs associated with C. pubescens had a wide global distribution. Our results suggest that the successful invasion of C. pubescens on Santa Cruz could have been facilitated by local generalist AMF and not by particular AMF. The observed generalist AMF from both locations could be important for conservation plans of restoring the endangered C. pubescens in the native forests on mainland Ecuador.
P13.12.B POST-PROGRESSION SURVIVAL FOLLOWING FOCAL RE-IRRADIATION WITH 20 GY IN 5 FRACTIONS IN PROGRESSIVE CNS WHO GRADE 3 ASTROCYTOMA AND GLIOBLASTOMA - A MONOCENTRIC RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
2024-10-01

Abstract BACKGROUND Despite multimodal treatment (resection, radiation therapy, alkylating chemotherapy and/or tumor-treating fields), the treatment of progressive CNS WHO Grade 3 astrocytoma and glioblastoma remains challenging. Re-irradiation (Re-RT) might be considered in the course of the disease. Optimal fractionation/dose prescription schedules are still under investigation, underlining a gap in clinical data in this regard. Here, we retrospectively analyzed post-progression survival (PPS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in a single center cohort. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients receiving Re-RT with 20 Gy in 5 fractions (4 Gy per fraction; corresponding to 35 Gy in an equivalent dose normalized to 2 Gy (EQD2)) upon progression of recurrent astrocytoma glioblastoma or grade 3 astrocytoma (12/2020-12/2022) were included. Planning target volume for Re-RT was gross tumor volume = (T1 with contrast) + 5 mm. Clinical endpoints included PPS, PFS since start of Re-RT, therapy in case of further progression, bevacizumab therapy, MGMT promotor methylation (MGMT meth), and IDH status. RESULTS To date, 40 patients were analyzed (27 male); median age 62.25 a, range 31-83 a; 34 GBM IDHwt, 6 other), 15 of who showed MGMT meth (24 w/o MGMT meth, 1 not determined). Primary therapy was 60 Gy with concomitant temozolomide (TMZ), TMZ + lomustine, or study medication in 30, 54.0 Gy + adjuvant TMZ in 3, and 40.05 Gy + TMZ in 7 patients. Patients received heterogenous systemic therapies and 0-3 treatment lines prior to Re-RT (median 1 prior treatment modality). Re-RT was considered in localized non-resectable progression. Median time between first line therapy and first progression was 10.8 months and between first line therapy and Re-RT 16.7 months, respectively. Seven patients received an integrated boost of up to 30 Gy. Median PFS was 2.6 months (range &amp;lt;1-10.4 months); with 7,6 months PPS (range &amp;lt;1 - 22.4 months). 19 patients (47.5%) received bevacizumab during further course of the disease. Following Re-RT, 16 patients (40%) received further tumor-directed therapy. CONCLUSION This is a heterogenous single-center cohort. PFS after Re-RT was 2.6 months, and PPS was 7.6 months, respectively, published data reporting 6-12 months PPS after re-irradiation (EQD2 ranging between 48-60 Gy) despite a comparatively low and conservative cumulative dose of 20 Gy (35 Gy EQD2). Treatment time was only 5 days. Thus, re-irradiation with 4 Gy x 5 could be an option in a palliative setting and could be included in interdisciplinary treatment discussions for progressive CNS WHO grade 3 astrocytoma and glioblastoma.
P07.02.A SEX-SPECIFIC EVALUATION OF EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS, UNMET NEEDS AND PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH-GRADE GLIOMAS - A MULTI-CENTER STUDY
2024-10-01

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients diagnosed with high-grade gliomas (HGG) often experience considerable emotional distress. However, not all of them actively seek professional psychosocial support even when clearly needed and so far, gender aspects are not considered in clinical routine. We evaluated differences between female and non-female patients regarding emotional functioning and psychiatric comorbidity. METHODS In this multi-center study involving 13 centers, emotional functioning was assessed in patients with high-grade glioma during their visits to the outpatient clinic with the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), using thresholds of clinical importance following Giesinger to define increased problems. Unmet psychosocial care needs were ascertained with study specific questions and psychiatric comorbidity with the Structured Clinical Interview according to DSM (SCID). Analyses employed chi-square tests and multivariate binary logistic regression. RESULTS In total, 763 patients were enrolled of whom n=691 could be interviewed with the SCID. About half of them (57%, n= 396) were male, 294 (43%) female and 1 (0.1%) identified as diverse. For the following analyses, females were compared with non-females (male and diverse). Emotional functioning was poor in 67% of female and 57% of the non-female patients (unadjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1, p=0.01; adjusted OR=1.4, 95% CI 0.9-2.1, p=0.11). About 22% of the women and 20% of men/diverse expressed the wish for support by a psychologist (p=0.54); additional support by social workers was wished for by 9% of all sexes (p=0.90), and additional emotional support by oncologists from 11% of the women and 6% of the men/diverse. According to the SCID interview, a total of 217 patients (31%, CI 28%-35%) were diagnosed with at least one common mental disorder (male: 115, 29%; female: 102, 35%). There was no evidence that gender was a predictor of comorbid mental disorders (adjusted OR=1.2; 95% CI 0.9-1.8, p=0.25). CONCLUSION Patients diagnosed with a high-grade glioma are at risk of comorbid mental disorders independently of gender though women might express their support needs and emotional problems more openly. Therefore, support should be offered to all genders low-threshold and equally.
JS04.6.A EVOLUTION OF GLIOBLASTOMA THERAPY IN TWO DECADES: COMPARISON OF TWO PROSPECTIVE, CONTROLLED TRIALS ON THE RESECTION OF GLIOBLASTOMA: THE 5-ALA AND IMRI VS. 5-ALA-TRIALS
2024-10-01

Abstract BACKGROUND Two prospective, controlled multicenter trials on the resection of glioblastomas are published to date spanning almost 2 decades of medical evolution. The 5-ALA (ALA) trial, published 2006, comparing the extent of resection (EOR) and overall survival (OS) of patients after 5-ALA fluorescence-guided and white-light surgery, and the iMRI vs. 5-ALA (iMRI/ALA) published 2023, comparing 5-ALA fluorescence-guided and iMRI-guided surgery. Both studies had comparable inclusion criteria, therefore this analysis aims to compare surgical and survival results of both studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed the data of both trials in terms of baseline, peri- and postoperative clinical data, as well as EOR and OS. RESULTS Data of 243 patients of the ALA and 277 patients of the iMRI/ALA trial were analyzed. Median age and preoperative NIHSS were comparable between cohorts. Tumors were rated “eloquent” in 56% in the ALA and 51% in the iMRI/ALA trial. Total resection of contrast enhancement was achieved in 36.1% (white-light), 64.5% (ALA in ALA trial), 78% (ALA in iMRI/ALA trial) and 81% (iMRI). 19.5% (ALA trial) compared to 8% (iMRI/ALA trial) of patients deteriorated neurologically postoperatively. OS differed significantly between both studies, especially depending on the EOR: Patients with incomplete resections had a median OS of 11.8 (ALA-trial) and 19.4 (iMRI/ALA trial), in contrast to 16.9 and 25.4 months for completely resected tumors, respectively. Incomplete resections led to worse OS in both studies, regardless of residual tumor size. Patients with the prognostically “worst” tumors (MGMT non-methylated, subtotal resection) in the iMRI/ALA trial had a comparable median OS (16.1 months) to patients with the prognostically “best” tumors (total resection) have from the ALA-trial (16.9 months). First-line adjuvant treatment was radiotherapy in 92.6% of patients in the ALA trial and a combined radiochemotherapy with temozolomide in 84% of patients in the iMRI/ALA trial. CONCLUSION Most likely due to increasing experience with5-ALA fluorescence guidance, the numbers of complete resections using this technology increased from 64.5 to 78% within the last two decades. Further, the role of complete resections without any residual contrast enhancing tumor remains a highly significant prognostic factor. OS has significantly improved throughout the last years, most likely caused by the routine use of combined radiochemotherapy in combination with better surgical results.
P22.09.A INTEGRATED PSYCHOSOCIAL SCREENING LEADS TO ADEQUATE REFERRAL TO PSYCHOSOCIAL SERVICES COMPARED TO QUESTIONNAIRES IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA: A CLUSTER RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (GLIOPT)
2024-10-01

Abstract BACKGROUND Background: Patients diagnosed with high-grade gliomas (HGG) often experience significant distress. However, due to neurological/neurocognitive deficits its assessment remains challenging. We evaluated face-to-face assessment during doctor-patient consultations (DPC) regarding impact on referral to psychosocial services and the effects of DPC on patients’ emotional well-being. METHODS In this multicenter, two-arm cluster-randomized study involving 13 centers, distress was screened in the intervention group (IG) by three screening questions (SQ) during the DPC versus via questionnaire (Distress Thermometer) in the control group (CG). Of key interest was the proportion of patients with poor emotional functioning (as measured by the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire) who received specialized psychosocial care (PC). The effect of SQ vs. screening by questionnaire was evaluated regarding patients’ wellbeing and economic factors. We were also interested in whether the number of SQ with positive answers (regarding deterioration or burden of the disease) was related to emotional functioning (EF, according to EORTC QLQ C30). Poor EF was defined with the threshold of ≤71 (score 0-100, lower score indicates lower functioning). Utilization of PC was measured at follow-up. Analysis employed mixed models logistic regression. RESULTS In total, 763 patients were enrolled at baseline, and 506 completed the follow-up. Emotional functioning was poor in 59.7%, both in the IG (168/281) and in the KG (134/225). The frequency of patients reporting PC utilization was comparable between the groups (IG 93/168, 55.4% vs. CG 87/134, 64.9%, odds ratio (OR)=0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.40-1.11, p=0.115). The DPC in both groups was similar in length (IG 15-26 min, mean=23.06 min, SD=9.16 vs. CG 12-35, mean=23.04 min, SD=14.63). The majority of the patients (71%) felt relieved after the consultation without significant difference between IG and CG (fisher’s exact test, p=0.322). The answers to the SQ (IG) were related to EF: The more SQ were answered with “yes” (regarding deterioration/burden), the worse EF was (None SQ positive (n=39): median EF=91.7; 1 SQ positive (n=70): median EF 75.0; 2 SQ positive (n=113): median EF 58.3; 3 SQ positive (n=121): median EF 50.0). CONCLUSION Screening for distress in patients with HGG through DPC results in a referral to psychosocial services comparable to screening by questionnaires. This approach involves important stakeholders - patients and physicians - in a very direct manner. If the SQ would be applied in clinical routine, a clinically relevant burden should be considered if at least one question is answered in the affirmative (deterioration or burden present).
KS04.7.A HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN SURVIVORS OF OLIGODENDROGLIOMA: AN INTERNATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL INVESTIGATION
2024-10-01

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients with IDH-mutant, 1p/19-codeleted oligodendroglioma have a relatively favourable prognosis and can experience long periods of stable disease. Treatment modalities used vary, and the long-term impacts of both the tumour itself and its treatment on patient health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and cognition remain largely unclear. We aimed to investigate associations between treatment and functioning of oligodendroglioma patients ≥5 years after diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this international cross-sectional observational study, patients with histologically and molecularly confirmed oligodendroglioma (IDH mutant, 1p/19q codeleted) diagnosed ≥5 years ago, were recruited through the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) networks. Diagnosis and treatment data were collected from medical records; patients completed outcomes for HRQOL (EORTC QLQ-C30; BN20), self-reported cognitive functioning (MOS Cognitive Functioning Scale) and cognitive tests (HVLT-R, TMT, COWAT) once. Associations between HRQOL and cognition outcomes, and clinical variables (time since diagnosis; progression; tumour location; treatments delivered; current medication; Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS)) were explored with regression analyses. RESULTS 242 oligodendroglioma patients on average 9.9 years post-diagnosis (sd=4.3, range=5.0-26.3) took part from 33 sites across 9 countries. Patients were M=52 years old (sd=12, range=23-78), the majority were men (N=145; 60%). Higher KPS, no radiotherapy (ever), no current medication (anxiolytics/sedatives, antidepressants, dexamethasone) were associated with better generic HRQOL outcomes (QLQ-C30 functioning scale models; R2 range 0.068-0.371, all p&amp;lt;.001). Higher KPS, fewer recurrences, no radiotherapy treatment (ever), and no current antidepressant use were of predictive value for better disease-specific HRQOL (BN20 multi-item scale models; R2 range 0.067-0.246, p&amp;lt;0.001). Fewer subjective cognitive complaints were associated with higher KPS and no current antipsychotic medication use (R2=0.153, p&amp;lt;0.001). Better KPS, right hemispheric tumours, longer time since diagnosis, no chemotherapy (ever), no radiotherapy (ever), and no current medication use (dexamethasone, antipsychotics) were predictive of better cognitive functioning (multivariable models R2 range 0.056-0.248, p&amp;lt;0.001). CONCLUSION In oligodendroglioma survivors ≥5 years after diagnosis, better HRQOL and cognitive outcomes appear consistently linked with higher KPS, no current medication use and no radiotherapy (ever); with cognitive outcomes additionally associated with chemotherapy treatment. This information can support treatment decision-making. Targeted evaluation and support for patients should be implemented to optimise clinical outcomes.