julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Reconstruct from Top View: A 3D Lane Detection Approach based on Geometry Structure Prior
2022-06-01

In this paper, we propose an advanced approach in targeting the problem of monocular 3D lane detection by leveraging geometry structure underneath the process of 2D to 3D lane reconstruction. Inspired by previous methods, we first analyze the geometry heuristic between the 3D lane and its 2D representation on the ground and propose to impose explicit supervision based on the structure prior, which makes it achievable to build inter-lane and intra-lane relationships to facilitate the reconstruction of 3D lanes from local to global. Second, to reduce the structure loss in 2D lane representation, we directly extract top view lane information from front view images, which tremendously eases the confusion of distant lane features in previous methods. Furthermore, we propose a novel task-specific data augmentation method by synthesizing new training data for both segmentation and reconstruction tasks in our pipeline, to counter the imbalanced data distribution of camera pose and ground slope to improve generalization on unseen data. Our work marks the first attempt to employ the geometry prior information into DNN-based 3D lane detection and makes it achievable for detecting lanes in an extra-long distance, doubling the original detection range. The proposed method can be smoothly adopted by other frameworks without extra costs. Experimental results show that our work outperforms state-of-the-art approaches by 3.8% F-Score on Apollo 3D synthetic dataset at real-time speed of 82 FPS without introducing extra parameters.
On the earliest Acheulean in Britain: first dates and in-situ artefacts from the MIS 15 site of Fordwich (Kent, UK)
2022-06-01

Northern Europe experienced cycles of hominin habitation and absence during the Middle Pleistocene. Fluvial gravel terrace sites in the east of Britain and north of France provide a majority of the data contributing to this understanding, mostly through the presence or absence of stone-tool artefacts. To date, however, relatively few sites have been radiometrically dated, and many have not been excavated in modern times, leading to an over-reliance on selectively sampled and poorly dated lithic assemblages. This includes Fordwich (Kent, UK), where over 330 bifaces were discovered through industrial quarrying in the 1920s. Here, we present the first excavation and dating of artefacts discovered in situ at Fordwich, alongside their technological analysis and relationship to those previously recovered. The site is demonstrated to retain deposits of Lower Palaeolithic artefacts, with 251 flakes, scrapers and cores identified to date. Infrared-radiofluorescence (IR-RF) dating of feldspar reveals 112 artefacts to have come from levels dating to at least 570 ± 36 to 513 ± 30 thousand years ago (ka) and are most plausibly assigned to an MIS 14 deposition, with artefacts produced during MIS 15 (approx. 560–620 ka). Indeed, these IR-RF samples provide minimum ages for artefacts. Combined with evidence from exposures linked to the original quarrying activities, a similar MIS 15 age is suggested for the more than 330 handaxe artefacts discovered in the 1920s. The remaining excavated artefacts come from levels dated to between 347 ± 22 and 385 ± 21 ka (MIS 10 or 11), with this later age interpreted to reflect post-MIS 14 deposition by substrate gullying and solifluction. These data demonstrate Fordwich to be one of the earliest Palaeolithic sites in northwestern Europe, and to retain the only large Acheulean handaxe assemblage directly dated to pre-MIS 13. Thus, Fordwich is determined to be a crucial piece of the pre-Anglian Palaeolithic puzzle in northern Europe.
Radiographic progression in the absence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC): Post hoc analysis of ARCHES.
2022-06-01

5072 Background: Enzalutamide (ENZA) + androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) significantly reduced the risk of radiographic progression and increased overall survival in men with mHSPC, regardless of baseline PSA levels (ARCHES; NCT02677896). This post hoc analysis investigated concordance between PSA progression and radiographic progression in patients with mHSPC. Methods: Patients with mHSPC (n=1150) were randomized 1:1 to ENZA (160 mg/day) + ADT or placebo (PBO) + ADT. The concordance between radiographic progression and PSA progression, as defined by Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 2 (PCWG2) criteria, and between any rise in PSA above nadir was assessed. Results: In total, 267/1150 patients in ARCHES had radiographic progression (ENZA + ADT, n=79; PBO + ADT, n=188). At radiographic progression, the median (range) PSA for ENZA + ADT-treated patients was 2.25 ng/mL (0–1062.3 ng/mL) and 17.47 ng/mL (0–1779.5 ng/mL) for PBO + ADT-treated patients. Most patients (67%) treated with ENZA + ADT did not have PCWG2-defined PSA progression at radiographic progression, compared with 43% of those treated with PBO + ADT (Table). The median absolute and percentage rise in PSA from nadir to radiographic progression was 0.77 ng/mL and 200%, respectively, with ENZA + ADT compared with 12.23 ng/mL and 367%, respectively, with PBO + ADT. Conclusions: In this post hoc analysis of ARCHES, we found frequent discordance between radiographic progression and PSA progression by PCWG2 criteria or any PSA rise over nadir in patients with mHSPC treated with ENZA + ADT. Thus, regular imaging is recommended to detect radiographic progression among patients treated with potent androgen receptor pathway inhibitors, such as ENZA + ADT, as serial PSA monitoring alone may not be sufficient to detect radiographic progression in many patients. Clinical trial information: NCT02677896. [Table: see text]
Perspectives, benefits and challenges of a live OSCE during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional study
2022-06-01

Objectives Restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic mandated fundamental changes to student evaluations, including the administration of the observed structured clinical examination (OSCE). This study aims to conduct an in-person OSCE to verify students’ practical skills under necessary infection control practices and the impact of face masks on student–patient interactions. Design Cross-sectional design. Setting The OSCE at Medical School of Tuebingen takes place in October 2020. Participants A total of 149 students (third year of study) completed the survey (RR=80.1%). It was their first OSCE. Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcome measure was how this type of OSCE was evaluated by participating students in regard to preparation, content and difficulty as well as in real life. Secondary outcome measures were how the implemented hygiene actions influenced the OSCE, including the interaction and communication between students and standardised patients (SPs). Items were rated on a 6-point Likert scale (1=completely to 6=not at all). Means, SDs, frequencies and percentages were calculated. Results 149 students, 32 SPs and 59 examiners participated. The students rated the OSCE with 2.37 (±0.52) for preparation and 2.07 (±0.32) for content. They perceived the interaction to be significantly disrupted by the use of face masks (3.03±1.54) (p&lt;0.001) compared with the SPs (3.84±1.44) and the examiners (4.14±1.55). In general, the three groups considered the use of face masking the OSCE to be helpful (1.60±1.15). Conclusions An in-person OSCE, even in the midst of a global pandemic, is feasible and acceptable to both students and faculty. When compared the students’ results to previous students’ results who completed the OSCE before the pandemic, the results indicated that students felt less prepared than under non-pandemic circumstances; however, their performances on this OSCE were not lower.
Web-based mindfulness and skills-based distress reduction for patients with cancer: study protocol of the multicentre, randomised, controlled confirmatory intervention trial Reduct
2022-06-01

Introduction Many patients with cancer experience severe psychological distress, but as a result of various barriers, few of them receive psycho-oncological support. E-mental health interventions try to overcome some of these barriers and the limitation of healthcare offers, enabling patients with cancer to better cope with psychological distress. In the proposed trial, we aim to assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the manualised e-mental health intervention Make It Training- Mindfulness-Based and Skills-Based Distress Reduction in Oncology. Make It Training is a self-guided and web-based psycho-oncological intervention, which includes elements of cognitive behavioural therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction and acceptance and commitment therapy. The training supports the patients over a period of 4 months. We expect the Make It Training to be superior to treatment as usual optimised (TAU-O) in terms of reducing distress after completing the intervention (T1, primary endpoint). Methods and analysis The study comprises a multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled confirmatory interventional trial with two parallel arms. The proposed trial incorporates four distinct measurement time points: the baseline assessment before randomisation, a post-treatment assessment and 3 and 6 month follow-up assessments. We will include patients who have received a cancer diagnosis in the past 12 months, are in a curative treatment setting, are 18–65 years old, have given informed consent and experience high perceived psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ≥13) for at least 1 week. Patients will be randomised into two groups (Make It vs TAU-O). The aim is to allocate 600 patients with cancer and include 556 into the intention to treat analysis. The primary endpoint, distress, will be analysed using a baseline-adjusted ANCOVA for distress measurement once the intervention (T1) has been completed, with study arm as a binary factor, baseline as continuous measurement and study centre as an additional categorical covariate. Ethics and dissemination The Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty Essen has approved the study (21-10076-BO). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, the project website, and among self-help organisations. Trial registration number German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS); DRKS-ID: DRKS00025213.
EO2401, a novel microbiome-derived therapeutic vaccine for patients with recurrent glioblastoma: ROSALIE study.
2022-06-01

2034 Background: EO2401 (EO) was designed to activate existing commensal memory T-cells cross-reacting with tumor associated antigens (TAAs). EO includes microbial-derived, synthetically produced peptides corresponding to HLA-A2 restricted epitopes with molecular mimicry to three TAAs upregulated in glioblastoma (GB), IL13Rα2, BIRC5 and FOXM1, with the CD4 helper peptide UCP2 and the adjuvant Montanide. Pre-clinically EO generates strong immune responses and cross-reactive CD8 cells recognizing the TAAs. Methods: This ongoing Ph 1/2 trial (NCT04116658) investigates EO (SC q2 wks X 4 then q4 wks), EO with nivolumab (3 mg/kg q2 wks; EN), and EN with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg q2 wks; ENB) among four Cohorts (Cs) of pts with GB at first progression after radiotherapy/temozolomide. After the Ph 1 of EO followed by EN (C1), C2 investigated EN without (C2a) or with (C2b) surgery while C3 investigated ENB (population as C2a). Results: Among 40 treated pts (C1 n = 3, C2a n = 23, C2b n = 3, C3 n = 11), median age was 60, 53% male, 40% had KPS 90-100% and 35% had O6-methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase promotor hypermethylated tumors. All evaluable pts demonstrated strong CD8 T-cell ELISPOT responses against the 3 vaccine peptides, with tetramer staining of specific CD8 detected in 24/25 investigated pts after in vitro stimulation and in 19/20 pts directly ex vivo. Cross-reactivity against targeted TAAs was confirmed in 20/21 pts. Majority of response were detected by week 4 after 1st dose and as early as 2 weeks for some pts. EO, EN, and ENB were well tolerated (max exposure EN 68 wks, ENB 30 wks) with EO associated toxicity limited to local administration site reactions (48%; grade 1-2). The frequency and severity of nivolumab- or bevacizumab-associated AEs was consistent with historical monocompound experience. With a median follow-up of 9.3 months (range, 2.8-15.6), median progression-free survival (PFS), survival at 6 months (OS-6) and at 12 months for EN (C1+C2a+C2b) were 1.8 months (3 ongoing at 5.9, 7.1, and 14.7 months), 85%, and 50.1% (19/29 alive), respectively. With a median follow-up of 3.7 months (range, 2.2-7.2), pts on ENB (C3) have median PFS and OS-6 of 5.5 months (7 ongoing), and 80% (10/11 alive), respectively. ORR for EN and ENB were 10% and 36%, respectively (5 of 7 ongoing). In C2a, 12/23 pts stopped treatment due to neurological symptoms and PD on first MRI (median 5 wks, range 2-8). In C3 (ENB), only 1/11 pts stopped early due to PD. Conclusions: EO2401 generated strong systemic immune responses and was well tolerated in combination with nivolumab +/- bevacizumab. The addition of bevacizumab to EN improved PFS while survival across treatment cohorts is pending ongoing follow-up. To prolong EN exposure that is likely required for therapeutic activity in recurrent GB, the trial has been expanded with additional pts to evaluate low-dose bevacizumab (5 mg/kg q2 wks up to x 6) for early progressive neurological symptoms. Clinical trial information: NCT04116658.
Efficacy and safety of sequencing with vemurafenib (V) plus cobimetinib (C) followed by atezolizumab (Atezo) in patients (pts) with advanced BRAFV600-positive melanoma: Interim analysis of the ImmunoCobiVem study.
2022-06-01

9548 Background: Immunotherapies (ICI) and targeted therapies (TT) have improved PFS and OS in BRAF V600 -mutated advanced melanoma pts, but evidence regarding their optimal sequence is limited. The randomized phase 2 ImmunoCobiVem study evaluated efficacy and safety of an early switch to Atezo after initial treatment with V + C. Interim results are reported. Methods: Pts with previously untreated BRAF V600 -mutated advanced melanoma received a 3-mo run-in with V (960 mg twice daily) + C (60 mg once daily for 21/28 days). Pts without PD/treatment interruption due to AEs during run-in were then randomized 1:1 to continue V + C (Arm A) or switch to Atezo (1200 mg every 3 wks; Arm B) until first documented PD (PD1), followed by crossover to the alternate treatment until second documented PD (PD2). End points were PFS1 (time from start of run-in until PD1 or death from any cause), PFS2 (time from start of run-in until PD2 or death from any cause), PFS3 (time from PD1 until PD2 or death from any cause), DCR, ORR, OS, and safety. Results: 185 pts were enrolled between Nov 2016 and Dec 2019 (63% male; median age 58 y); 135 pts completed run-in and were randomized to Arm A (n=69) or Arm B (n=66). At data cutoff, median follow-up for all pts was 19.0 mo. In Arm A, 36/69 pts (52%) discontinued V + C due to PD and 21/36 (58%) crossed over to Atezo; in Arm B, 49/66 pts (74%) discontinued Atezo due to PD and 35/49 (71%) crossed over to V + C. Median PFS1 was significantly longer in Arm A vs Arm B (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.37–0.84; P=0.001), while median PFS3 was significantly shorter in Arm A vs Arm B (HR 2.24; 95% CI 1.17–4.30; P=0.013); median PFS2 was not significantly different between arms (HR 1.57; 95% CI 0.83–2.96; P=0.163) (Table). During the randomized phase, ORR and DCR were higher in Arm A before crossover and in Arm B after crossover (Table). OS was similar between arms (HR 1.22; 95% CI 0.69–2.16; P=0.389). Median (range) treatment duration across treatment phases was 11.2 mo (2.3–56.1) for Arm A and 10.7 mo (2.8–56.7) for Arm B. Grade 3/4 AEs occurred in 55% of pts in Arm A and 64% in Arm B; AEs led to discontinuation in 10% and 12%, respectively. Conclusions: Early switch from V + C to Atezo is feasible and safe, but tumor control achieved in run-in is maintained in only a subset of pts on subsequent ICI monotherapy. Crossover to ICI monotherapy at PD results in low response, while response to TT re-exposure is frequent. Clinical trial information: NCT02902029. [Table: see text]
Exploration of whether socioeconomic factors affect the results of priority setting partnerships: updating the top 10 research priorities for the management of Parkinson’s in an international setting
2022-06-01

Objectives Explore whether socioeconomic differences of patients affect the prioritisation of pre-existing research questions and explore the agreement between healthcare professionals (HCP) and patients in priority setting partnerships (PSPs). Design and setting Prospective, three centre survey across UK (400 participants), Tuebingen (176 participants) and Luxembourg (303 participants). People with Parkinson’s (PwP), research participants, relatives and HCP associated with three Parkinson’s cohort studies were invited to participate, along with linked centres (clinical care settings, research groups, charities). Responders were encouraged to pass on the survey to friends/families/carers. Methods The survey involved rating the importance of research questions on a Likert scale, allowing for the generation of one new question participants felt was particularly important. Collection of demographic information allowed for comparisons of priorities across a range of socioeconomic variables; the top 10 research priorities for each group were then compared. Questions added by participants were subject to a thematic analysis. Results 879 participants completed the survey (58% PwP, 22% family/friends, 13% HCP, 4% carers). Finding the best form of physiotherapy for PwP was the number one priority across the majority of analyses. HCP were the only subgroup not to place physiotherapy in the top 10. Factors most likely to affect prioritisation in PwP included educational level, presence of carer support and disease duration. There was little difference between other socioeconomic categories. Conclusions Socioeconomic factors modestly influenced some research priority ratings but did not significantly affect the top priority in most comparisons. Future studies must ensure patients from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds are recruited, ensuring results generalisable to the public while also identifying any key disparities in prioritisation. PSP should also take care that HCP do not skew results during prioritisation of questions, as in this study the most important priority to patients was not identified by professionals.
Individual role classification for players defending corners in football (soccer)
2022-06-01

Abstract Choosing the right defensive corner-strategy is a crucial task for each coach in professional football (soccer). Although corners are repeatable and static situations, due to their low conversion rates, several studies in literature failed to find useable insights about the efficiency of various corner strategies. Our work aims to fill this gap. We hand-label the role of each defensive player from 213 corners in 33 matches, where we then employ an augmentation strategy to increase the number of data points. By combining a convolutional neural network with a long short-term memory neural network, we are able to detect the defensive strategy of each player based on positional data. We identify which of seven well-established roles a defensive player conducted (player-marking, zonal-marking, placed for counterattack, back-space, short defender, near-post, and far-post). The model achieves an overall weighted accuracy of 89.3%, and in the case of player-marking, we are able to accurately detect which offensive player the defender is marking 80.8% of the time. The performance of the model is evaluated against a rule-based baseline model, as well as by an inter-labeller accuracy. We demonstrate that rules can also be used to support the labelling process and serve as a baseline for weak supervision approaches. We show three concrete use-cases on how this approach can support a more informed and fact-based decision making process.
Association between depth of response (DepOR) and clinical outcomes: Exploratory analysis in patients with previously untreated advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) in CheckMate 9ER.
2022-06-01

4501 Background: Among patients (pts) with untreated aRCC in the CheckMate 9ER trial, superior progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio [HR], 0.56) and overall survival (OS; HR, 0.70) were maintained, and objective response and complete response (CR) rates were doubled for nivolumab plus cabozantinib (N+C) vs sunitinib (SUN) with extended 25.4 mo minimum (32.9 mo median) follow-up. This exploratory analysis evaluated the relationship between DepOR and clinical outcomes in CheckMate 9ER. Methods: Eligible pts received N (240 mg) every 2 weeks plus C (40 mg) once daily or SUN (50 mg once daily; 4 weeks of each 6-week cycle). In this analysis, DepOR subgroups were based on best overall response (blinded independent central review [BICR] per RECIST v1.1) and best tumor reduction threshold, as follows: CR; partial response subdivided by a tumor reduction of ≥80%–&lt;100% (PR1); ≥60%–&lt;80% (PR2); or ≥30%–&lt;60% (PR3); stable disease (SD); and progressive disease (PD). PFS (per BICR) and OS by DepOR subgroups were analyzed after a 6-mo post-randomization landmark. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were assessed in DepOR subgroups. Results: Of 323 and 328 pts randomized to N+C or SUN, 236 and 157 pts were progression-free and alive and 293 and 253 pts were alive at the 6-mo landmark and were categorized by DepOR subgroup. Overall, greater proportions of pts receiving N+C had deeper responses vs SUN (CR, PR1, PR2; Table). Deeper responses with N+C were associated with improved 12-mo PFS rate vs SUN for CR (94.9% vs 82.4%), PR1 (81.3% vs 37.5%), and PR2 (72.1% vs 53.2%). In both arms, increasingly deeper response led to better OS outcome; yet OS rates and medians were comparable between arms for CR, PR1, PR2, and PR3 (Table). No meaningful patterns for overall TRAE rates by DepOR subgroup were identified in either arm. Conclusions: In CheckMate 9ER, more pts receiving N+C achieved deeper responses vs SUN. Deeper responses were generally associated with improved PFS and OS. Clinical trial information: NCT03141177. [Table: see text]