julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Functional characterization of a TerC family protein of Riemerella anatipestifer in manganese detoxification and virulence
2023-12-12

ABSTRACT Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for bacteria, but the overload of manganese is toxic. In a previous study, we showed that the cation diffusion facilitator protein MetA and the resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump MetB are responsible for Mn efflux in the bacterial pathogen Riemerella anatipestifer CH-1. However, whether this bacterium encodes additional manganese efflux proteins is unclear. In this study, we show that R. anatipestifer CH-1 encodes a tellurium resistance C (TerC) family protein with low similarity to other characterized TerC family proteins. Compared to the wild type (WT), the terC mutant of R. anatipestifer CH-1 ( ∆terC ) is sensitive to Mn(II) intoxication. The ability of TerC to export manganese is higher than that of MetB but lower than that of MetA. Consistently, terC deletion ( ∆terC ) led to intracellular accumulation of Mn 2+ under excess manganese conditions. Further study showed that ∆terC was more sensitive than the WT to the oxidant hypoclorite but not to hydrogen peroxide. Mutagenesis studies showed that the mutant at amino acid sites of Glu116 (E116), Asp122 (D122), Glu245 (E245) Asp248 (D248), and Asp254 (D254) may be involved in the ability of TerC to export manganese. The transcription of terC was upregulated under excess manganese and downregulated under iron-limited conditions. However, this was not dependent on the manganese metabolism regulator MetR. In contrast to a strain lacking the manganese efflux pump MetA or MetB, the terC mutant is attenuated in virulence in a duckling model of infection due to increased sensitivity to duck serum. Finally, comparative analysis showed that homologs of TerC are distributed across the bacterial kingdom, suggesting that TerC exerts a conserved manganese efflux function. IMPORTANCE Riemerella anatipestifer is a notorious bacterial pathogen of ducks and other birds. In R. anatipestifer , the genes involved in manganese efflux have not been completely identified, although MetA and MetB have been identified as two manganese exporters. Additionally, the function of TerC family proteins in manganese efflux is controversial. Here, we demonstrated that a TerC family protein helps prevent Mn(II) intoxication in R. anatipestifer and that the ability of TerC to export manganese is intermediate compared to that of MetA and MetB. Sequence analysis and mutagenesis studies showed that the conserved key amino sites of TerC are Glu116, Asp122, Glu245, Asp248, and Asp254. The transcription of terC was regulated by manganese excess and iron limitation. Finally, we show that TerC plays a role in the virulence of R. anatipestifer due to the increased sensitivity to duck serum, rather than the increased sensitivity to manganese. Taken together, these results expand our understanding of manganese efflux and the pathogenic mechanisms of R. anatipestifer .
Strain induced reactivity of cyclic iminoboranes: the (2 + 2) cycloaddition of a 1H-1,3,2-diazaborepine with ethene
2023-12-12

Cyclic seven-membered iminoborane, 1-( tert -butyldimethylsilyl)-1 H -1,3,2-diazaborepine 2, generated in cryogenic conditions which undergoes facile (2 + 2) cycloaddition reaction with C 2 H 4 at 30 K.
Influence of sex and disease etiology on the development of papilledema and optic nerve sheath extension in the setting of intracranial pressure elevation in children
2023-12-12

Presence of papilledema appears to be influenced by sex and etiology, whereas US-ONSD is not. Girls seem more likely to develop papilledema under similar conditions. Male sex and PTC appear as risk factors for being undetected by fundoscopic findings. US-ONSD and US-ODE seem useful tools to identify pathologies with potentially increased ICP requiring treatment in children regardless of sex and etiology.
Numeral completeness of weak theories of arithmetic
2023-12-12

Abstract We study numeral forms of completeness and consistency for and other weak theories, like . This gives rise to an exploration of the derivability conditions needed to establish the mentioned results; a presentation of a weak form of Gödel’s Second Incompleteness Theorem without using ‘provability implies provable provability’; a provability predicate that satisfies the mentioned derivability condition for weak theories; and a completeness result via consistency statements. Moreover, the paper includes characterizations of the provability predicates for which the numeral results hold, having as the surrounding theory, and results on functions that compute finitist consistency statements.
A predictor–corrector phase unwrapping algorithm for temporally undersampled gradient‐echo MRI
2023-12-12

Abstract Purpose To develop a method for unwrapping temporally undersampled and nonlinear gradient recalled echo (GRE) phase. Theory and Methods Temporal unwrapping is performed as a sequential one step prediction of the echo phase, followed by a correction to the nearest integer wrap‐count. A spatio‐temporal extension of the 1D predictor corrector unwrapping (PCU) algorithm improves the prediction accuracy, and thereby maintains spatial continuity. The proposed method is evaluated using numerical phantom, physical phantom, and in vivo brain data at both 3 T and 9.4 T. The unwrapping performance is compared with the state‐of‐the‐art temporal and spatial unwrapping algorithms, and the spatio‐temporal iterative virtual‐echo based Nyquist sampled (iVENyS) algorithm. Results Simulation results showed significant reduction in unwrapping errors at higher echoes compared with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. Similar to the iVENyS algorithm, the PCU algorithm was able to generate spatially smooth phase images for in vivo data acquired at 3 T and 9.4 T, bypassing the use of additional spatial unwrapping step. A key advantage over iVENyS algorithm is the superior performance of PCU algorithm at higher echoes. Conclusion PCU algorithm serves as a robust phase unwrapping method for temporally undersampled and nonlinear GRE phase, particularly in the presence of high field gradients.
Accelerated Gradient Dynamics on Riemannian Manifolds: Faster Rate and Trajectory Convergence
2023-12-12

In order to minimize a differentiable geodesically convex function, we study a second-order dynamical system on Riemannian manifolds with an asymptotically vanishing damping term of the form . For positive values of , convergence rates for the objective values and convergence of trajectory is derived. We emphasize the crucial role of the curvature of the manifold for the distinction of the modes of convergence. There is a clear correspondence to the results that are known in the Euclidean case. When is larger than a certain constant that depends on the curvature of the manifold, we improve the convergence rate of objective values compared to the previously known rate and prove the convergence of the trajectory of the dynamical system to an element of the set of minimizers. For smaller than this curvature-dependent constant, the best known sub-optimal rates for the objective values and the trajectory are transferred to the Riemannian setting. We present computational experiments that corroborate our theoretical results.
The Contributions of Philosophy and the Social Sciences to Landscape Conflict Research—A Critical Comparison
2023-12-13

In recent years, the study of ‘landscape’ has gained importance in both the public and in the sciences. In philosophy and the social sciences, different traditions for dealing with ‘landscape’ have developed—not least based on a common reference point of Georg Simmel’s “Philosophy of Landscape” published in 1913. In this paper, these traditions are examined with regard to their suitability for contributing to the analysis and regulation of landscape conflicts and for providing answers to the landscape-related challenges of the present—both in terms of science and society—exemplified by the challenges of the energy transition. The central points of criticism are, besides an insufficient amount of conceptual work and a ‘forgetting of the individual’ of philosophy and the social sciences, the reduction of the concept of landscape to the concept of nature in philosophical landscape research.
The journalism-audience relationship in the digital age: A theoretical literature review
2023-12-13

The journalism-audience relationship is a key research topic within communication and journalism studies. Digitalization, which has transformed the relationship, has made it even more relevant to both journalism practice and research. There is a large body of literature that examines how the relationship between journalism and its audience has changed, what the mutual expectations are, and how the audience can actively participate in journalism. However, profound theoretical conceptualizations of the journalism-audience relationship are scarce, especially in relation to a digital media environment. Based on a systematic theoretical review, we compare different theoretical conceptualizations of the journalism-audience relationship in the digital age that are currently in use, and how they can be characterized and classified. Our analysis identifies six main theoretical approaches: (1) discursive, (2) expectation-based, (3) network-oriented, (4) technological, (5) parasocial, and (6) strategic-organizational conceptualizations. The literature review provides insights into how the multifaceted relationship between journalism and its audience is captured and described, and raises important questions for future research.
Discrimination of finger movements by magnetomyography with optically pumped magnetometers
2023-12-13

Abstract Optically pumped magnetometers (OPM) are quantum sensors that offer new possibilities to measure biomagnetic signals. Compared to the current standard surface electromyography (EMG), in magnetomyography (MMG), OPM sensors offer the advantage of contactless measurements of muscle activity. However, little is known about the relative performance of OPM-MMG and EMG, e.g. in their ability to detect and classify finger movements. To address this in a proof-of-principle study, we recorded simultaneous OPM-MMG and EMG of finger flexor muscles for the discrimination of individual finger movements on a single human participant. Using a deep learning model for movement classification, we found that both sensor modalities were able to discriminate finger movements with above 89% accuracy. Furthermore, model predictions for the two sensor modalities showed high agreement in movement detection (85% agreement; Cohen’s kappa: 0.45). Our findings show that OPM sensors can be employed for contactless discrimination of finger movements and incentivize future applications of OPM in magnetomyography.
Information propagation in long-range quantum many-body systems
2023-12-13

The authors study the information transportation capabilities of bosonic quantum many-body systems with long-range interactions. They rigorously prove that initially localized quantum states exhibit a linear Lieb-Robinson light cone for information propagation and they derive consequences of this result, e.g., bounds on quantum messaging and quantum state control.
The neuronal implementation of representational geometry in primate prefrontal cortex
2023-12-13

Modern neuroscience has seen the rise of a population-doctrine that represents cognitive variables using geometrical structures in activity space. Representational geometry does not, however, account for how individual neurons implement these representations. Leveraging the principle of sparse coding, we present a framework to dissect representational geometry into biologically interpretable components that retain links to single neurons. Applied to extracellular recordings from the primate prefrontal cortex in a working memory task with interference, the identified components revealed disentangled and sequential memory representations including the recovery of memory content after distraction, signals hidden to conventional analyses. Each component was contributed by small subpopulations of neurons with distinct spiking properties and response dynamics. Modeling showed that such sparse implementations are supported by recurrently connected circuits as in prefrontal cortex. The perspective of neuronal implementation links representational geometries to their cellular constituents, providing mechanistic insights into how neural systems encode and process information.
Prospective Follow-Up of Adolescents With and at Risk for Depression: Protocol and Methods of the Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Stratified Cohort Longitudinal Assessments
2023-12-13

This protocol relied on novel aspects, such as the use of a WhatsApp bot, which is particularly pertinent for low- to-middle-income countries, and the collection of information from diverse sources in a longitudinal design, encompassing clinical data, self-reports, parental reports, Global Positioning System (GPS) data, and ecological momentary assessments. The study engaged adolescents over an extensive period and demonstrated the feasibility of conducting a prospective follow-up study with a risk-enriched cohort of adolescents in a middle-income country, integrating mobile technology with traditional methodologies to enhance longitudinal data collection.
Exome sequencing identifies homozygous variants in MBOAT7 associated with neurodevelopmental disorder
2023-12-13

Abstract Intellectual disability (ID) is a large group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by a congenital limitation in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, and problem solving), adaptive behavior (conceptual, social, and practical skills), originated at birth and manifested before the age of 18. By whole exome sequencing of five consanguineous Pakistani families presenting hallmark features of ID, global developmental delay, aggressive and self‐injurious behaviors, microcephaly, febrile seizures and facial dysmorphic features, we identified three novel homozygous missense variants (NM_024298.5: c.588G &gt; T; p.Trp196Cys, c.736 T &gt; C; p.Tyr246His and c.524A &gt; C; p. Asp175Ala) and one rare homozygous in‐frame deletion variant (c.758_778del;p.Glu253_Ala259del) in membrane‐bound O‐acyltransferase family member 7 ( MBOAT7) gene previously associated with autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder. The segregation of the variants was validated by Sanger sequencing in all family members. In silico homology modeling of wild‐type and mutated proteins revealed substantial changes in the structure of both proteins, indicating a possible effect on function. The identification and validation of new pathogenic MBOAT7 variants in five cases of autosomal recessive ID further highlight the importance of this genes in proper brain function and development.
Importance of a detailed anomaly scan after a cfDNA test indicating fetal trisomy 21, 18 or 13
2023-12-13

Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of the presence or absence of fetal anomalies and soft markers diagnosed by ultrasound on positive predictive value (PPV) 21, 18 and 13 in pregnancies with a high-risk cfDNA result. Methods Retrospective study including singleton pregnancies with high-risk NIPT results for common trisomies followed by invasive testing. The cases were grouped by gestational age at the time of invasive testing and by the presence or absence of fetal abnormalities or soft markers. The ultrasound was considered abnormal if at least one major defect or a soft marker was detected. Results A total of 173 women were included. Median maternal and gestational age was 37.7 years and 14.0 weeks, respectively. CfDNA test result showed high-risk for trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 or 13 in 119 and 54 cases, respectively. The “pre-ultrasound” PPV for trisomy 21 and for trisomy 18 or 13 were 98.3% and 68.4%, respectively. In case of a high-risk result for trisomy 21 and no fetal anomalies, the PPV was 86.7% while it was 100% if there were anomalies or markers present. In the case of a high-risk result for trisomy 18 or 13, the PPV was 9.5% if the ultrasound examination was normal and 100% if the ultrasound examination was abnormal. Conclusion This study suggests that a detailed ultrasound examination performed after a cfDNA result that is high-risk for one of the common autosomal trisomies adds significantly to establishing an individualized risk assessment. This is particularly true in cases with a high-risk result for trisomies 18 or 13.
Chinese Expert Consensus on ovarian function and fertility preservation of cervical cancer in pregnancy (2023)
2023-12-13

Cervical cancer in pregnancy (CCIP) refers to cervical cancer diagnosed during pregnancy, the most common gynecological malignant tumor. Because of the special physiological changes of CCIP, although preserving ovarian function and fertility is very important, the methods are very limited. There is no guideline or consensus on the preservation methods of ovarian function and fertility in this special period. Therefore, the Committee of Fertility Protection and Preservation of China Association for the Promotion of Health Science and Technology, combined with the Chinese Society of Gynecological Endocrinology affiliated to the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, Society Endocrinology Branch of Beijing Institute of Obstetrics &amp;amp; Gynecology, combined with Society on Fertility Preservation affiliated with the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, organized relevant experts from different disciplines to formulate this consensus, in order to guide ovarian function and fertility preservation of CCIP patients.
Introduction: On the Relations of Religion and Images
2023-12-13

&#x0D; In this special issue, we explore the role of depictions and images in religious traditions from both theoretical and empirical perspectives, covering a broad spectrum of religious traditions from Asia to Europe. Our focus is on examining the range of religious attitudes towards images, which can range from indifference (aniconism) to admiration (iconism) to outright rejection and destruction (anti-iconism). Our contributors discuss the hypothesis that religious attitudes towards images often fluctuate between these three categories, and that it is not possible to strictly classify a particular religious tradition as either hostile or friendly towards images. This introduction provides an overview of the central and complex concepts that form the basis of the individual contributions, including representation, icons, media and materiality, and an/iconism.&#x0D;
Intracranial Pressure, Autoregulation, and Cerebral Perfusion in Infants With Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis at the Time of Surgical Correction
2023-12-13

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although an increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a known problem in children with syndromic craniosynostosis, it remains unclear whether elevated ICP and impaired cerebral perfusion exist in nonsyndromic synostosis and should be defined as targets of primary treatment. This study aimed to investigate ICP, cerebral autoregulation (CAR), and brain perfusion in infants with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis at first surgical intervention. METHODS: Forty-three infants were prospectively included. The patients underwent perioperative measurement of mean arterial blood pressure, ICP, and brain perfusion before and after cranial vault decompression. Physiological parameters with possible influences on ICP and autoregulation/brain perfusion were standardized for age. CAR was assessed by the pressure reactivity index (PRx), calculated using the mean arterial blood pressure and ICP. RESULTS: Biparietal decompression was performed in 29 infants with sagittal synostosis (mean age, 6.1 ± 1.3 months). Fronto-orbital advancement was performed in 10 and 4 infants with metopic and unilateral coronal synostosis, respectively (mean age, 11.6 ± 2.1 months). An elevated ICP (&gt;15 mm Hg) was found in 20 of 26 sagittal (mean, 21.7 ± 4.4 mm Hg), 2 of 8 metopic (mean, 17.1 ± 0.4 mm Hg), and 2 of 4 unilateral coronal synostosis cases (mean, 18.9 ± 2.5 mm Hg). Initial ICP was higher in sagittal synostosis than in metopic/coronal synostosis ( P = .002). The postdecompression ICP was significantly reduced in sagittal synostosis cases ( P &lt; .001). The relative cerebral blood flow and blood flow velocity significantly increased after decompression. Impaired CAR was found in infants with a mean ICP &gt;12 mm Hg (PRx, 0.26 ± 0.32), as compared with those with a mean ICP ≤ 12 mm Hg (PRx, −0.37 ± 0.07, P = .001). CONCLUSION: Contrary to common belief, an elevated ICP and significantly impaired CAR can exist early in single suture synostosis, particularly sagittal synostosis. Because an influence of raised ICP on long-term cognitive development is known in other diseases, we suggest that preventing increased ICP during the phase of maximal brain development may be a goal for decompressive surgery, at least for sagittal synostosis cases.
BLACKNESS AND DIS/ABILITY IN THE AFROFUTURIST CHRISTMAS NOVELLA SYNCHRONICITY (2015) BY SHARON DODUA OTOO*
2023-12-13

ABSTRACT Charlie, the main character in Sharon Dodua Otoo's Afrofuturist Christmas novella Synchronicity , is a Black single mother of Ghanaian heritage working as a graphic designer in Berlin who has spent her whole life feeling the constraints of her ancestral traditions. When one day she starts losing her ability to see colours, she cannot disclose that family‐specific dis/ability since it would have professional and material consequences. Charlie embarks on a journey of self‐reflection, in the course of which she will realise that something that at first seemed to be a loss could, in fact, be a blessing in disguise. My essay analyses the intersection of Blackness and dis/ability in Synchronicity through the lens of DisCrit: a theoretical approach associating Disability Studies and Critical Race Theory, and argues that Otoo's novella manages to effectively depict the intersections regarding the onset of an invisible dis/abilty as well as Blackness and diasporic experiences, while an Afrofuturist reading of the novella allows us to consider it as a story based on hope, self‐acceptance and the need for community.
Advantages and Limitations of Diabetic Bone Healing in Mouse Models: A Narrative Review
2023-12-13

Diabetes represents a major risk factor for impaired fracture healing. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing epidemic worldwide, hence an increase in diabetes-related complications in fracture healing can be expected. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet completely understood. Different mouse models are used in preclinical trauma research for fracture healing under diabetic conditions. The present review elucidates and evaluates the characteristics of state-of-the-art murine diabetic fracture healing models. Three major categories of murine models were identified: Streptozotocin-induced diabetes models, diet-induced diabetes models, and transgenic diabetes models. They all have specific advantages and limitations and affect bone physiology and fracture healing differently. The studies differed widely in their diabetic and fracture healing models and the chosen models were evaluated and discussed, raising concerns in the comparability of the current literature. Researchers should be aware of the presented advantages and limitations when choosing a murine diabetes model. Given the rapid increase in type II diabetics worldwide, our review found that there are a lack of models that sufficiently mimic the development of type II diabetes in adult patients over the years. We suggest that a model with a high-fat diet that accounts for 60% of the daily calorie intake over a period of at least 12 weeks provides the most accurate representation.