julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of the type of anaesthesia used during the excision of primary cutaneous melanoma
2000-04-01

The prognostic value of the type of anaesthesia used for the excision of malignant tumours has been a subject of controversy. Cell-mediated as well as humoural immune responses can be compromised after general anaesthesia, and recurrences may therefore occur more frequently. On the other hand, excision of primary tumours under local anaesthesia might also influence the prognosis unfavourably. The aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic impact of general and local anaesthesia for the primary excision of cutaneous melanoma. Follow-up data of 4329 patients on the Central Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society were analysed. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to evaluate the independent significance of the prognostic factors, and survival probabilities were calculated for matched pairs using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Statistical analysis revealed an independent significant effect on survival for tumour thickness, ulceration, level of invasion, anatomical site and gender. General anaesthesia for primary excision of melanoma was associated with a decrease in the survival rate (relative risk 1.46, P < 0.0001). This study revealed a slight but significantly increased risk of death for patients treated with general anaesthesia for the primary excision of melanoma. Therefore local anaesthesia should be preferred for the treatment of primary melanoma.
Strategies and tools for textual scholarship: the Tubingen system of text processing programs (TUSTEP)
2000-04-01

Modularity, professionality, portability, and integration are the key features of the TUebingen System for TExt Processing programs (TUSTEP), a professional toolbox for those academic fields where texts are the object of research. Its potential is illustrated by two examples: (i) typesetting a TEI-lite encoded text, using the TEI tags as formatting instructions; (ii) preparing a critical edition, starting from automatic collation, then semi-automatically selecting the 'substantial' variants from the collation results, transforming them into a critical apparatus, and publishing the edition both in print and electronically.
A Guanylyl Cyclase from Paramecium with 22 Transmembrane Spans
2000-04-01

Paramecium has a 280-kDa guanylyl cyclase. The N terminus resembles a P-type ATPase, and the C terminus is a guanylyl cyclase with the membrane topology of canonical mammalian adenylyl cyclases, yet with the cytosolic loops, C1 and C2, inverted compared with the mammalian order. We expressed in Escherichia coli the cytoplasmic domains of the protozoan guanylyl cyclase, independently and linked by a peptide, as soluble proteins. The His(6)-tagged proteins were enriched by affinity chromatography and analyzed by immunoblotting. Guanylyl cyclase activity was reconstituted upon mixing of the recombinant C1a- and C2-positioned domains and in a linked C1a-C2 construct. Adenylyl cyclase activity was minimal. The nucleotide substrate specificity was switched from GTP to ATP upon mutation of the substrate defining amino acids Glu(1681) and Ser(1748) in the C1-positioned domain to the adenylyl cyclase specific amino acids Lys and Asp. Using the C2 domains of mammalian adenylyl cyclases type II or IX and the C2-positioned domain from the Paramecium guanylyl cyclase we reconstituted a soluble, all C2 adenylyl cyclase. All enzymes containing protozoan domains were not affected by Galpha(s)/GTP or forskolin, and P site inhibitors were only slightly effective.
Torsional dynamics and cross-coupling in the human vestibulo-ocular reflex during active head rotation
2000-04-01

Six subjects fixated an imagined space-fixed target in darkness, or a visible target against a structured visual background, while rotating their heads actively in yaw, pitch and roll at four different frequencies, from 0.3 to 2.4 Hz. We used search coils to measure the 3-dimensional rotations of the head and eye, and described the relation between them – the input-output function of the rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) – using gain matrices. We found consistent cross-coupling in which torsional head rotation evoked horizontal eye rotation. The reason may be that the eyes are above the axis of torsional head rotation, and therefore may translate horizontally during the head motion, so the VOR rotates them horizontally to compensate. Torsional gain was lower than horizontal or vertical, more variable from subject to subject and decreased at low frequencies. One reason for the low gain may be that torsional head rotation produces little retinal slip near the fovea; hence little compensatory eye motion is needed, and so the VOR reduces its torsional gain to save energy or to approximate Listing's law by keeping ocular torsion near zero. In addition, the human VOR has little experience with purely torsional head rotations and so its adaptive networks may be poorly trained for such stimuli. The drop in torsional gain at low frequencies can be explained based on the leak in the neural integrator that helps convert torsional eye-velocity commands into eye-position commands.
The ORFEUS II Echelle spectrum of HD 93521: A reference for interstellar molecular hydrogen
2000-04-01

During the second flight of the ORFEUS-SPAS mission in November/December 1996, the Echelle spectrometer was used extensively by the Principal and Guest Investigator teams as one of the two focal plane instruments of the ORFEUS telescope. The spectrum of HD 93521 was obtained during this mission with a total integration time of 1740 s. This spectrum shows numerous sharp interstellar absorption lines. We identified 198 lines of molecular hydrogen including at least 7 lines with a high velocity component. Also most of the 67 identified interstellar metal lines are visible with a high velocity component. We present plots of the complete ORFEUS Echelle spectrum together with tables of all identified interstellar absorption lines including all 14 detectable HI lines. In addition several identified stellar lines, partially with narrow absorption components, and stellar wind lines are given in a separate table.
Identification and characterization of an extracellular acid trehalase from the ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria
2000-04-01

The non‐reducing disaccharide trehalose is a major storage compound in most fungi. For a better understanding of carbon metabolism in the ectomycorrhizal‐forming basidiomycete Amanita muscaria , trehalase activity was analysed from mycelium growing in liquid culture or on agar plates, and from mycorrhizas. Trehalase activity was found in both the culture medium and in mycelial extracts. The excreted trehalase was purified to apparent homogeneity by anion‐exchange chromatography, gel filtration and preparative gel electrophoresis. The identified enzyme belongs to the group of acid trehalases. The apparent molecular mass of the native enzyme was estimated to be 165 kDa by gel filtration and 135 kDa by SDS–PAGE. Isoelectrofocusing indicated an isoelectric point (pI) of approx. 3.7, which is typical for acid trehalases. The enzyme is highly specific for its substrate trehalose, with an apparent K m of 0.38 mM. Validamycin and sucrose act as competitive inhibitors with K i values of 45 nM and 15 mM, respectively. The activity of acid trehalase excreted into the growth medium is independent of the carbon source (glucose or trehalose), revealing that the enzyme is not regulated by its substrate trehalose. Nevertheless, fungal hyphae grown in the absence of an external carbon source showed enhanced enzyme excretion. The biochemical characteristics of the trehalase activity measured in the mycelium are in the same range as those determined for the excreted enzyme. The enzyme is localized in the cell wall and its activity is strongly decreased in ectomycorrhizas.
Covariant Regularization of Nonlinear Spinorfield Quantum Theories and Probability Interpretation
2000-04-01

Abstract By a decomposition theorem a higher order nonlinear spinorfield equation can be transformed into a set of first order nonlinear spinorfield equations, i. e. into an auxiliary field formulation which allows canonical quantization. The quantum dynamics of the auxiliary fields is expressed in algebraic Schrödinger representation and admits only unphysical state spaces with indefinite metric. Regularization of the classical theory is transferred into quantum field theory by a noninvertible map from the corresponding auxiliary field state space into an associated physical state space, the metric of which is positive definite. For the effective dynamics in the physical state space probability current conservation is proved, and for physical states which describe composite particle configurations the existence of the state space is demonstrated
A GRAFT ENGINEERING METHOD TO ALLOW BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (BMT) FOR MORE HIGHLY MISMATCHED RECIPIENTS WITH LEUKEMIA: MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF A PHASE I/II PROTOCOL.
2000-04-01

Ildstad, Suzanne T.1; Crilley, Pamela2; Kaufman, Christina L.1; Tollerud, David1; Cerrito, Patricia1; Perry, Theresa1; Shadduck, Richard3; Lister, John3; Champlin, Richard4; Wingard, John5; LeMaistre, Charles6; Kanz, Lothar7; Topolsky, David2; Bashey, Asad8; Herzig, Roger1 Author Information
Solid-state NMR and ellipsometric investigations of C30 chains bonded to SiO2 surfaces
2000-04-01

The morphology of C30 alkyl chains bonded to different inorganic substrates such as fine ground glass particles, silica gel as well as silica wafers has been investigated by the combined use of solid-state NMR spectroscopy and ellipsometry. It could be shown that the average phase thickness of the bonded C30 layer of 29 Å is primarily dependent upon the employed polymeric surface reaction procedure and does not reflect the type of the employed inorganic substrate. A refined model of the C30 alkyl chain organization for solution polymerization on silica surfaces could be developed.
Neuroblastoma: Induction of Differentiation (Part I)
2000-04-01

Neuroblastoma is the second-most common solid tumor in childhood. The majority of patients have a very poor outcome due to aggressive growth and metastatic spread. In contrast, in rare cases, spontaneous regression or differentiation towards a benign ganglioneuroma are observed. The mechanism leading to differentiation of neuroblastoma is of particular therapeutic interest. In this paper we report the results of our attempts to induce the expression of genes necessary for differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. TrkA codes for the high affinity receptor of NGF, a neurotrophin known to promote differentiation. Treatment with retinoic acid caused a 3-fold increase of the trkA expression in neuroblastoma cell lines. Neurofibromin, the gene product of the NF-1 gene, is involved in downregulation of the activity of ras-proteins. In contrast to immature neuronal tissues in mature brain, the type II isoform of neurofibromin is predominantly expressed. Retinoic acid was able to raise the proportion of type II NF-1 expressed in neuroblastoma cells.
Synthese und Kristallstruktur von 2,4-Bis(methyIamino)-2-pentenium - chlorid [1] / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2,4- Bis(methylamino)-2-pentenium Chloride [1]
2000-04-01

Abstract The vinamidinium chloride C 7 H 15 N 2 Cl (5) is obtained from the corresponding vinamidine C 7 H 14 N 2 (4) and HCl; the X-ray structure reveals a polymeric nature consisting of w-shaped cations connected with the chloride ions by hydrogen bonds
NLTE spectral analysis of the sdOB primary of the eclipsing binary system LB 3459 (AA Dor)
2000-04-01

We present a spectral analysis of the sdOB primary star of the binary system LB 3459 based on high-resolution high- S/N optical and UV spectra. The metal abundances are deter- mined by means of state-of-the-art NLTE model atmospheres. We determined Te =42kK and log g=5:2 within very small error limits. The He (1/125 solar), C (1/265), N (1/33), O (1/12), and Si (1/5) abundances appear strongly depleted while that of Fe and Ni are roughly solar and Mg is strongly enriched by a factor of 6. The spectroscopic distance to LB 3459 is d = 396pc. The mass of the primary component of LB 3459 is 0:330M de- rived from comparisons with theoretical models for sdO stars in the log Te log g plane. The mass of the secondary is then 0:066M derived from the mass function. There remains some disagreement between the radius derived from log g and the above mass, and that derived from analysis of the radial-velocity curve and the eclipse curves. LB 3459 is a close binary system which had experienced a common envelope (CE) phase during its evolution. It fits in the low mass case B scenario of Iben & Livio (1993) and the secondary is a brown dwarf. The spectroscopically determined rotational velocity of the primary is vrot =3 410km sec 1 . Thus even bound rotation (vrot =4 5:7km sec 1 ) cannot be ruled out.
Book reviews
2000-04-01

Germany after Unification. Coming to Terms with the Recent Past. Edited by GERT‐JOACHIM GLAEßNER. German Monitor no. 37. Amsterdam and Atlanta GA: Rodopi, 1996. Reuter Reporter in Divided Germany 1955–58. By PETER B. JOHNSON. Beckenham: Adler Publications, 1999. £6.95 pb. Stasi. The Untold Story of the East German Secret Police. By JOHN O. KOEHLER, Boulder, CO: Westview, 1999. The Rebirth of Europe. By ELIZABETH POND. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1999. The Economics and the Politics of the Third Way ‐ Essays in Honour of Eric Owen Smith. Edited by Lothar Funk. Münster: LIT Verlag, 1999. DM 39.80 pb. Uberholen ohne einzuholen? Freie Wohlfahrtspflege in Ostdeutschland. Edited by SUSANNA ANGERHAUSEN, HOLGER BACKHAUS‐MAUL, CLAUS OFFE, THOMAS OLK and MARTINA SCHIBEL. Opladen, Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1998. Zukunftsperspektiven Deutschlands im internationalen Wettbewerb. Industrie‐politische Implikationen der Neuen Wachstumstheorie. By GEORG ERBER, HARALD HAGEMANN and STEPHAN SEITER. Heidelberg: Physicah, 1998. DM 85 pb. Back to Europe. Central and Eastern Europe and the European Union. Edited by KAREN HENDERSON. London: University of Leicester Press, 1999. World Power Forsaken, Political Culture, International Institutions, and German Security Policy after Unification. By JOHN S. DUFFIELD. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998. Zwischen Realität und Utopie. Das Konzept des ‘dritten Weges’ in der DDR 1989–90. By DIRK ROCHTUS. Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 1999. DM 49. Regionen in der Europäischen Union: Beitrdge zur Debatte. Edited by RAIMUND KRAMER. Berlin: Berliner Debatte Wissenschaftsverlag, 1998. Das Regierungssystem der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. By JOACHIM JENS HESSE and THOMAS ELLWEIN. Two volumes. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag 1997. DM 98 pb. Demokratie and Politik in Deutschland. By GERT JOACHIM GLAEßNER. Opladen: Leske + Budrich, 1999. German‐Bashing and the Breakup of Yugoslavia. By DANIELE CONVERSI. Washington: The Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, 1998. Das wiedervereinigte Deutschland ‐ eine erweiterte oder eine neue Bundesrepublik? Edited by KARL ECKART and ECKHARD JESSE. Berlin: Duncker und Humblot, 1999 (Schriftenreihe der Gesellschaft fur Deutschlandforschung; Bd. 71). DM 98.
Doped silicon single electron transistors with single island characteristics
2000-04-10

Uniformly doped single electron transistors nominally consisting of a single island and two silicon tunneling barriers have been fabricated on silicon–on–insulator material. Two operation regimes are found depending upon the gate voltages applied. The structure acts either as a multiple tunnel junction device or as a single electron transistor consisting of a single dot corresponding to the geometrical shape of the device. The multiple tunnel junction behavior is attributed to the formation of additional tunneling barriers, introduced into the structure by the high doping level. We demonstrate that these barriers can be removed by raising the Fermi level via the application of an appropriate gate voltage.
Electroosmotic and Pressure-Driven Flow in Open and Packed Capillaries:  Velocity Distributions and Fluid Dispersion
2000-04-12

The flow field dynamics in open and packed segments of capillary columns has been studied by a direct motion encoding of the fluid molecules using pulsed magnetic field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance. This noninvasive method operates within a time window that allows a quantitative discrimination of electroosmotic against pressure-driven flow behavior. The inherent axial fluid flow field dispersion and characteristic length scales of either transport mode are addressed, and the results demonstrate a significant performance advantage of an electrokinetically driven mobile phase in both open-tubular and packed-bed geometries. In contrast to the parabolic velocity profile and its impact on axial dispersion characterizing laminar flow through an open cylindrical capillary, a pluglike velocity distribution of the electroosmotic flow field is revealed in capillary electrophoresis. Here, the variance of the radially averaged, axial displacement probability distributions is quantitatively explained by longitudinal molecular diffusion at the actual buffer temperature, while for Poiseuille flow, the preasymptotic regime to Taylor-Aris dispersion can be shown. Compared to creeping laminar flow through a packed bed, the increased efficiency observed in capillary electrochromatography is related to the superior characteristics of the electroosmotic flow profile over any length scale in the interstitial pore space and to the origin, spatial dimension, and hydrodynamics of the stagnant fluid on the support particles' external surface. Using the Knox equation to analyze the axial plate height data, an eddy dispersion term smaller by a factor of almost 2.5 than in capillary high-performance liquid chromatography is revealed for the electroosmotic flow field in the same column.
Where is the best tango argentino?: a new measure for assessing video retrieval quality
2000-04-12

The traditional measures Recall and Precision can hardly be applied to video material, because they are based on the notion of a document, a piece of text that is self-contained and can somehow be identified by the words/phrases used in it. In video retrieval systems based on retrieval through (time-coded) text this notion is of little value, for two reasons: (1) users usually disregard the original context of a programme when retrieving video material for making new programmes. This means that the relevance of a time-coded text to a query is no evidence for the relevance of the concurrent piece of video, although -- as our research shows -- it is an indication of relevant shots &amp;quot;in the neighbourhood&amp;quot;. (2) The fact that relevant shots can usually be found in the neighbourhood of relevant pieces of text implies that the quality of retrieval also highly depends on the browsing facilities of a system. This paper proposes a new criterion to measure the retrieval quality of text based video...
Travelling with a huge silver cigar: a study on subtitle and script reliability for indexing video material
2000-04-12

Television companies generally keep documentary and archive centres which allow the editors to retrieve video sequences to be integrated in a new production. The disclosure of video material in these centres has always been very time-consuming and expensive. Time-consuming because it had to be done manually, and expensive because it had to be done by experts (librarians, documentalists). Any editor has to use a database to gain access to the contents of video material, that is, each search for a single image or for image sequences relies on manually disclosed material. This study, therefore, is interested in investigating the degree to which video archive systems can utilize the semantic link between image and text as a key for retrieving video fragments for new productions. Our analysis, furthermore, takes a closer look at the assumption that there is a direct correlation between image and text. In order to verify and to support this premise, we focus on an empirical assessment of the...
Tuning of Photo- and Electroluminescence of New Soluble, PPV-Analogous Short-Chain Compounds with Naphthalene Moieties
2000-04-17

A series of oligomers analogous to poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV), combining naphthalene and benzene as aromatic units, have been synthesized by a Knoevenagel reaction. By measuring UV/Vis spectra, photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL), we studied the influence of the position of the naphthalene unit as well as the steric and electronic influences of cyano and alkyloxy substituents on the luminescent properties of these compounds.
Endothelial Dysfunction Is Detectable in Young Normotensive First-Degree Relatives of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes in Association With Insulin Resistance
2000-04-18

Background —-Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is regarded as an early step in the development of atherosclerosis. Among the pathogenetic factors leading to atherosclerosis, the role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia as independent risk factors is still under debate. In this study, we examined the association between ED and insulin resistance in normotensive and normoglycemic first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods and Results —-Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation of the brachial artery was measured with high-resolution ultrasound (13 MHz) in 53 normotensive FDRs (21 men, 32 women; mean age, 35 years) with normal oral glucose tolerance, 10 age- and sex-matched normal control subjects, and 25 DM patients (mean age, 57 years). According to the tertiles of the clamp-derived glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR), the FDRs were further classified as insulin resistant with an MCR ≤5.8 mL · kg −1 · min −1 , insulin sensitive (IS) with an MCR ≥7.8 mL · kg −1 · min −1 , and borderline with an MCR of 5.9 to 7.7 mL · kg −1 · min −1 . Flow-associated dilation was 4.1±0.9% in insulin-resistant FDRs, 6.7±1.1% in borderline FDRs, 9.0±1.2% in insulin-sensitive FDRs ( P =0.002), 7.7±2.9% in control subjects ( P =NS versus FDRs), and 3.8±1.0% in DM patients ( P =0.03). In multiple regression analysis, low MCR was significantly correlated with ED independent of age, sex, smoking, body mass index, percent body fat, serum insulin, and lipids. Conclusions —–There is a significant association between ED and insulin resistance in young FDRs of DM subjects independent of the classic cardiovascular risk factors.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Nitrido Complexes [MoNCl3(MeCN)]4 and [MoNCl2(bipy)]4.
2000-04-18

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On the Inability of Comptonization to Produce the Broad X‐Ray Iron Lines Observed in Seyfert Nuclei
2000-04-20

It has recently been suggested that Compton downscattering may give rise to the broad iron lines seen in the X-ray spectra of Seyfert 1 galaxies. This challenges the standard model in which these lines originate from the innermost regions of the black hole accretion disk with Doppler shifts and gravitational redshifts giving rise to the broadened line profile. Here, we apply observational constraints to the Compton downscattering model for MCG-6-30-15 and NGC3516, the two best cases to date of Seyfert galaxies with relativistically broad lines. We show that the continuum source in MCG-6-30-15 required by the constrained model violates the black body limit. In the case of NGC3516, only a very small region of parameter space is compatible with the constraints. Hence, we conclude that the Comptonization model is not a viable one for the broad line seen in these two objects. The accretion disk model remains the best interpretation of these data.