julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the habitat preferences of two closely related bumble bee species in Eastern Europe
2020-04-15

Abstract Co‐occurrence of closely related species is often explained through resource partitioning, where key morphological or life‐history traits evolve under strong divergent selection. In bumble bees (genus Bombus ), differences in tongue lengths, nest sites, and several life‐history traits are the principal factors in resource partitioning. However, the buff‐tailed and white‐tailed bumble bee ( Bombus terrestris and B. lucorum respectively) are very similar in morphology and life history, but their ranges nevertheless partly overlap, raising the question how they are ecologically divergent. What little is known about the environmental factors determining their distributions stems from studies in Central and Western Europe, but even less information is available about their distributions in Eastern Europe, where different subspecies occur. Here, we aimed to disentangle the broad habitat requirements and associated distributions of these species in Romania and Bulgaria. First, we genetically identified sampled individuals from many sites across the study area. We then not only computed species distributions based on presence‐only data, but also expanded on these models using relative abundance data. We found that B. terrestris is a more generalist species than previously thought, but that B. lucorum is restricted to forested areas with colder and wetter climates, which in our study area are primarily found at higher elevations. Both vegetation parameters such as annual mean Leaf Area Index and canopy height, as well as climatic conditions, were important in explaining their distributions. Although our models based on presence‐only data suggest a large overlap in their respective distributions, results on their relative abundance suggest that the two species replace one another across an environmental gradient correlated to elevation. The inclusion of abundance enhances our understanding of the distribution of these species, supporting the emerging recognition of the importance of abundance data in species distribution modeling.
The Anatomy of the Tibial Nutrient Artery Canal—An Investigation of 106 Patients Using Multi-Detector Computed Tomography
2020-04-15

Radiologic evaluation of the tibial nutrient artery is clinically important as disruption of tibial blood supply is a risk factor for delayed or non-union of tibial fractures. Damage to the tibial nutrient artery canal (TNAC) may occur by a traversing fracture or iatrogenic cause in the context of pin/screw placement. Furthermore, TNAC could be misdiagnosed as a stress fracture. The aim of this study was to characterize the normal anatomy of TNAC and to delineate its gender and side-specific differences. Patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed-tomography encompassing the pelvis and lower extremities were included. TNAC was identified with an external and internal foramen and a traversing intercortical canal. Various anatomical morphometrics were evaluated: total number of nutrient canals, angular position of the outer and inner nutrient foramina, absolute and relative position of the nutrient foramina, as well as the intercortical canal length with respect to tibial length. The majority of patients of both genders had only one tibial nutrient canal, multiple canals or complete absence were rare. In most cases, the outer nutrient foramen was found on the posterolateral aspect of the upper-third of tibia at about 32% of tibial length; the inner foramen was found at the middle third of the tibia (41% of tibial length). The course of nutrient canal was mostly cranio-caudal with a small, but significant difference in relative canal length: 8.5% vs. 10% of tibial length for females and males, respectively. The angular location of the outer and inner foramen was between 20–30° and did not reveal a statistically significant difference between genders. No statistically significant side specific differences were found for all analyzed parameters and both genders. The clinical relevance of this anatomical study pertains to establishing “safe corridors” of pin/screw insertion in the context of surgical management of tibial fractures in order to avoid iatrogenic disruption of tibial blood supply.
Epistemological and methodical challenges in the research on embedded advertising formats: A constructivist interjection
2020-04-15

Abstract Advertisers’ increasing use of embedded advertising formats makes it more difficult for consumers to identify persuasive intents in advertiser messages. However, only if consumers identify these intents and categorize messages as advertising, can they activate advertising-specific reception strategies which might result in lessened persuasion effects. The fact that consumers regularly miss persuasive intents in non-traditional advertising environments, we suggest in this article, carries epistemological and methodical implications. To better appreciate these implications, we argue for a more systematic adoption of a constructivist approach in advertising research. Some established concepts in advertising research such as the persuasion knowledge model and advertising literacy already implicitly follow a constructivist rationale. However, to more fully exploit the potential of a constructivist approach, we review communication concepts that inform advertising research, clarify why a constructivist approach increases the explanatory power of advertising research, and discuss challenges for research designs.
Cranial shape evolution of extant and fossil crocodile newts and its relation to reproduction and ecology
2020-04-15

Abstract The diversity of the vertebrate cranial shape of phylogenetically related taxa allows conclusions on ecology and life history. As pleurodeline newts (the genera Echinotriton , Pleurodeles and Tylototriton ) have polymorphic reproductive modes, they are highly suitable for following cranial shape evolution in relation to reproduction and environment. We investigated interspecific differences externally and differences in the cranial shape of pleurodeline newts via two‐dimensional geometric morphometrics. Our analyses also included the closely related but extinct genus Chelotriton to better follow the evolutionary history of cranial shape. Pleurodeles was morphologically distinct in relation to other phylogenetically basal salamanders. The subgenera within Tylototriton ( Tylototriton and Yaotriton ) were well separated in morphospace, whereas Echinotriton resembled the subgenus Yaotriton more than Tylototriton . Oviposition site choice correlated with phylogeny and morphology. Only the mating mode, with a random distribution along the phylogenetic tree, separated crocodile newts into two morphologically distinct groups. Extinct Chelotriton likely represented several species and were morphologically and ecologically more similar to Echinotriton and Yaotriton than to Tylototriton subgenera. Our data also provide the first comprehensive morphological support for the molecular phylogeny of pleurodeline newts.
Cascade-Reaction Leading to an Intramolecular [2 + 4] Cycloaddition of a Phenyl Group by a Reactive Ge═Si Double Bond
2020-04-15

The reaction of GeCl<sub>2</sub>·dioxane with 2 equiv of the thiolate LiSHyp [Hyp = Si(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] yields the germanide (12-crown-4)<sub>2</sub>Li[Ge(SHyp)<sub>3</sub>] (<b>1</b>). A small structural variation in the substituent leads to a completely different result because the reaction of GeCl<sub>2</sub>·dioxane with 2 equiv of the thiolate KSHyp<sup>Ph<sub>3</sub></sup> [Hyp<sup>Ph<sub>3</sub></sup> = Si(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(SiPh<sub>3</sub>)] in toluene yields the unexpected compound [Ph<sub>3</sub>Si][Me<sub>3</sub>Si]Ge[{(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)Ph<sub>2</sub>Si}{SiMe<sub>3</sub>}<sub>2</sub>SiS]Si[SSiMe<sub>3</sub>] (<b>2</b>) in high yield. The reaction cascade to give <b>2</b> includes several rearrangement reactions and an intramolecular [2 + 4] cycloaddition of a phenyl ring. The syntheses and molecular structures of both compounds are presented, together with quantum-chemical calculations and NMR measurements, to enlighten the reaction mechanism behind the formation of <b>2</b>.
An e-mental health intervention to support burdened people in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: CoPE It
2020-04-16

Abstract The outbreak of the novel SARS CoV-2-virus (COVID-19) is pushing national and international healthcare systems to their limits. The aspect of mental health issues, which has been neglected (so far) in times of social isolation and governmental restrictions, now demands innovative and situation-based approaches to support psychological burdened people. The developed e-mental health intervention ‘CoPE It’ offers manualized, evidence-based psychotherapeutic/psychological support to overcome psychological distress in times of COVID-19. E-mental health approaches offer great possibilities to support burdened people during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic effectively.
Early Administration of Desmopressin and Platelet Transfusion for Reducing Hematoma Expansion in Patients With Acute Antiplatelet Therapy Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage*
2020-04-16

Objectives: To investigate the hemostatic efficacy of combined desmopressin (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) and platelet transfusion in reducing hematoma expansion in acute, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage under antiplatelet treatment. Design: Single-center, nonrandomized study, performed between 2006 and 2014. Setting: Tertiary University Hospital of Tuebingen, Germany. Patients: Adult patients with intracerebral hemorrhage under antiplatelet treatment and follow-up CT at 24 ± 12 hours were included. Exclusion criteria included other intracerebral hemorrhage causes, anticoagulation, coagulopathy, or immediate surgery after baseline-CT. Interventions: Treatment with IV 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (0.4 μg/kg) + platelet transfusion (2 U) within 60 minutes of intracerebral hemorrhage under antiplatelet treatment diagnosis on brain imaging. Measurements and Main Results: Primary outcome was relative hematoma expansion from baseline to follow-up CT. Secondary outcomes included secondary intraventricular hemorrhage or hydrocephalus upon follow-up CT, thromboembolic events before discharge, and the 3-month functional outcome (assessed by modified Rankin Scale). One-hundred forty patients were included, 72 treated versus 68 controls. Times of symptom-onset-to-baseline-CT (hr) (median [interquartile range]: 3 [4] vs 5 [5]; p = 0.468) and follow-up CT (26 [18] vs 19 [12]; p = 0.352) were similar between groups. No between-group differences of total intracerebral hematoma expansion (%) (median [interquartile range]: 8.5 [12.4] vs 9.1 [16.5]; p = 0.825), intraparenchymal (10.7 [23.1] vs 9.2 [20.7]; p = 0.900), and intraventricular hematoma expansion (14.5 [63.2] vs 6.1 [40.4]; p = 0.304) were noted. Among patients with hematoma expansion greater than or equal to 33% compared with baseline, 16 (52%) received treatment versus 15 (48%) controls. The occurrence of hematoma expansion greater than or equal to 33% was similar between groups ( p = 0.981). Rates of secondary intraventricular hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, and thromboembolic events were similar between groups. Treatment with 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin + platelet transfusion was not associated with the 3-month functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 1.570; 95% CI, 0.721–3.419; p = 0.309). Conclusions: In line with the randomized Platelet Transfusion Versus Standard Care After Acute Stroke Due to Spontaneous Cerebral Hemorrhage Associated With Antiplatelet Therapy trial, our results suggest no hemostatic efficacy of early platelet transfusion in intracerebral hemorrhage under antiplatelet treatment. Contrary to results of preclinical and clinical nonintracerebral hemorrhage studies, adjunct 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin showed no benefit in limiting hematoma expansion or improving functional outcome.
COVID-19 travel restrictions and the International Health Regulations – Call for an open debate on easing of travel restrictions
2020-04-16

CITATION: Petersen, E. et al. 2020. COVID-19 travel restrictions and the International Health Regulations : call for an open debate on easing of travel restrictions. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 94:88–90, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.029.
Very high energy γ-ray emission from two blazars of unknown redshift and upper limits on their distance
2020-04-16

ABSTRACT We report on the detection of very high energy (VHE; E &amp;gt; 100 GeV) γ-ray emission from the BL Lac objects KUV 00311−1938 and PKS 1440−389 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). H.E.S.S. observations were accompanied or preceded by multiwavelength observations with Fermi/LAT, XRT and UVOT onboard the Swift satellite, and ATOM. Based on an extrapolation of the Fermi/LAT spectrum towards the VHE γ-ray regime, we deduce a 95 per cent confidence level upper limit on the unknown redshift of KUV 00311−1938 of &amp;lt; 0.98 and of PKS 1440−389 of &amp;lt; 0.53. When combined with previous spectroscopy results, the redshift of KUV 00311−1938 is constrained to 0.51 ≤ &amp;lt; 0.98 and of PKS 1440−389 to 0.14 ⪅ &amp;lt; 0.53.
Perturbation-evoked potentials can be classified from single-trial EEG
2020-04-16

Abstract Objective. Loss of balance control can have serious consequences on interaction between humans and machines as well as the general well-being of humans. Perceived balance perturbations are always accompanied by a specific cortical activation, the so-called perturbation-evoked potential (PEP). In this study, we investigate the possibility to classify PEPs from ongoing EEG. Approach. Fifteen healthy subjects were exposed to seated whole-body perturbations. Each participant performed 120 trials; they were rapidly tilted to the right and left, 60 times respectively. Main results. We achieved classification accuracies of more than 85% between PEPs and rest EEG using a window-based classification approach. Different window lengths and electrode layouts were compared. We were able to achieve excellent classification performance (87.6 ± 8.0% accuracy) by using a short window length of 200 ms and a minimal electrode layout consisting of only the Cz electrode. The peak classification accuracy coincides in time with the strongest component of PEPs, called N1. Significance. We showed that PEPs can be discriminated against ongoing EEG with high accuracy. These findings can contribute to the development of a system that can detect balance perturbations online.
Combining Intra- and Interindividual Approaches in Epistemic Beliefs Research
2020-04-16

We combined inter- and intraindividual approaches to investigate university students' biology- and psychology-specific specific epistemic beliefs (beliefs about the nature and structure of knowledge). We expected that university students would perceive the discipline of biology as more absolute and less multiplistic than the discipline of psychology (intraindividual perspective). Furthermore, we expected students from so-called "hard" disciplines to perceive biology as more absolute and less multiplistic than students from soft disciplines (interindividual perspective). Finally, we expected that students from hard disciplines, compared to their peers from soft disciplines, would perceive stronger differences between biology and psychology (combined perspective). Hypotheses were tested, using Bayes factors, in <i>N</i> = 938 university students from a multitude of disciplines. Results revealed that university students perceive biology as considerably more absolute and less multiplistic compared to psychology. However, the findings also suggest that there are no strong interindividual differences between students from hard and soft disciplines regarding the perception of biology. Finally, results revealed that students enrolled in harder disciplines perceive a slightly stronger difference between biology and psychology. In sum, intraindividual effects were considerably stronger, which elicits doubt that students from hard disciplines espouse a fundamentally different set of epistemic beliefs than their peers from soft disciplines.
Longtime Outcome After Intraosseous Application of Autologous Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Pediatric Patients and Young Adults with Avascular Necrosis After Steroid or Chemotherapy
2020-04-16

Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a severe complication of immunosuppressant therapy or chemotherapy. A beneficial AVN therapy with core decompression (CD) and intraosseous infusion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been described in adult patients, but there are only few data on MSC applications in pediatric and young adult patients (PYAP). Between 2006 and 2015, 14 AVN lesions of 10 PYAP (6 females) with a median age of 16.9 years (range 8.5-25.8 years) received CD and intraosseous application of autologous MSCs. Data of these patients were analyzed regarding efficacy, safety, and feasibility of this procedure as AVN therapy and compared with a control group of 13 AVN lesions of 11 PYAP (5 females) with a median age of 17.9 years (range 13.5-27.5 years) who received CD only. During the follow-up analysis [MSC group: median 3.1 (1.6-5.8) years after CD; CD group: median 2.0 (1.5-8.5) years after CD], relative lesion sizes (as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging) compared with the initial lesion volume, were significantly lower (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in the MSC group (volume reduction to a median of 18.5%) when compared with the CD group (58.0%). One lesion in the MSC group comprised a complete remission. Size progression was not observed in either group. Clinical improvement (pain, mobility) was not significantly different between the two groups. None of the patients experienced treatment-related adverse effects. CD and additional MSC application was regarded safe, effective, feasible, and superior in reducing the lesion size when compared with CD only. Prospective, randomized clinical trials are needed to further evaluate these findings.
Neuronal Calcium Sensor GCAP1 Encoded by GUCA1A Exhibits Heterogeneous Functional Properties in Two Cases of Retinitis Pigmentosa
2020-04-16

Genetic heterogeneity leading to retinal disorders impairs biological processes by causing, for example, severe disorder of signal transduction in photoreceptor outer segments. A normal balance of the second messenger homeostasis in photoreceptor cells seems to be a crucial factor for healthy and normal photoreceptor function. Genes like <i>GUCY2D</i> coding for guanylate cyclase GC-E and <i>GUCA1A</i> coding for the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensor guanylate cyclase-activating protein GCAP1 are critical for a precisely controlled synthesis of the second messenger cGMP. Mutations in <i>GUCA1A</i> frequently correlate in patients with cone dystrophy and cone-rod dystrophy. Here, we report two mutations in the <i>GUCA1A</i> gene that were found in patients diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa, a phenotype that was rarely detected among previous cases of <i>GUCA1A</i> related retinopathies. One patient was heterozygous for the missense variant c.55C > T (p.H19Y), while the other patient was heterozygous for the missense variant c.479T > G (p.V160G). Using heterologous expression and cell culture systems, we examined the functional and molecular consequences of these point mutations. Both variants showed a dysregulation of guanylate cyclase activity, either a profound shift in Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensitivity (H19Y) or a nearly complete loss of activating potency (V160G). Functional heterogeneity became also apparent in Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup>-binding properties and protein conformational dynamics. A faster progression of retinal dystrophy in the patient carrying the V160G mutation seems to correlate with the more severe impairment of this variant.
Mapping the human praxis network: an investigation of white matter disconnection in apraxia
2020-04-16

Abstract Left hemispheric cerebral stroke can cause apraxia, a motor-cognitive disorder characterised by deficits of higher-order motor skills such as the failure to accurately produce meaningful gestures. This disorder provides unique insights into the anatomical and cognitive architecture of the human praxis system. The present study aimed to map the structural brain network that is damaged in apraxia. We assessed the ability to perform meaningful gestures with the hand in 101 patients with chronic left hemisphere stroke. Structural white matter fibre damage was directly assessed by diffusion tensor imaging and fractional anisotropy mapping. We used multivariate topographical inference on tract-based fractional anisotropy topographies to identify white matter disconnection associated with apraxia. We found relevant pathological white matter alterations in a densely connected fronto-temporo-parietal network of short and long association fibres. Hence, the findings suggest that heterogeneous topographical results in previous lesion mapping studies might not only result from differences in study design, but also from the general methodological limitations of univariate topographical mapping in uncovering the structural praxis network. A striking role of middle and superior temporal lobe disconnection, including temporo-temporal short association fibres, was found, suggesting strong involvement of the temporal lobe in the praxis network. Further, the results stressed the importance of subcortical disconnections for the emergence of apractic symptoms. Our study provides a fine-grain view into the structural connectivity of the human praxis network and suggests a potential value of disconnection measures in the clinical prediction of behavioural post-stroke outcome.
Role of ambient wavelength, shell size and pigmentation intensity in the heating of Mediterranean Theba pisana (Eupulmonata: Helicidae)
2020-04-16

ABSTRACT Theba pisana is a polymorphic land snail widely used in ecophysiological research on the biological significance of solar irradiation. We investigated whether, taking size into account, differently pigmented morphs of a Mediterranean population of T. pisana influence the snails’ heating under different wavelengths. We used a laboratory set-up comprising light-emitting diodes emitting visible light of defined wavelengths and quantified shell heating using high-resolution thermography. Shell pigmentation was quantified densitometrically. There were significant effects of both shell size and light wavelength, such that small snails heated more than large ones over 15 min, and blue light (470 nm) raised temperature more than green light (525 nm). Pigmentation alone did not show significance, but a trend towards higher temperature with increasing pigmentation was evident. Despite the observed significances and trends, we could only explain at most 4.67% of variation in shell heating by multiple regression modelling. However, the light intensity used in this experiment was low and the pigmentation intensity of the shells varied, at most, by a factor of 2. This suggests the actual temperature of a snail depends not only on the tested variables, but also on the multifactorial action of a number of unknown, perhaps intrinsic physiological parameters.