julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Return from Germany to Ukraine of the "Sofian Charter" of Peter the Great on the Metropolitan Appointment of Ioasaph Krokovskyi in 1708: Ukrainian-German History of the Original Charter and Prospects for Restitution of Cultural Valuables
2019-01-23

The goal of the article is to cover the ceremony and the German-Ukrainian scientific colloquium dedicated to the return from Germany to Ukraine of the Charter of tsar Peter the Great, on the appointment of Metropolitan Joasaph Krokovskyi in 1708. The Charter was taken from the fоnds of the V. I. Vernadskyi Library during World War II and ended up at the Institute of East European History and Local History of Tubingen University. The colloquium was attended by German and Ukrainian scientists. Natalia Sinkevich revealed the historical significance of the Charter, the history of the Charter and the personality of Metropolitan Joasaph Krokovskyi himself. Tetyana Cebta traced the history of the Charter to 1941 and proved her belonging to the collection of St. Sophia Cathedral, stored at the Institute of Manuscript of the V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine. Korinna Kur-Korolev investigated the circumstances of the export of Charters from the library during the Second World War according to the documents of the German archives; Katarina Kucher revealed the history of the Charter at the Institute of East European History and Local History of Tubingen University and the work of experts on the return of the diploma. Wolfgang Eichwede shared the experience of transferring another Charter of the St. Sophia collection, issued by Peter the Great in 1700 to Metropolitan Varlaam Yasynskyi, together with the director of the Goethe Institute Kyiv branch, Countess Ute Baudissin, the return of the painting by Hans von Mare from Kyiv to Bremen. Halyna Kovalchuk, Olga Stepchenko (Kyiv) brought attention to the history of the formation of the collection in St. Sophia Cathedral, disclosed the contents of the unique book and manuscript collection stored in the V. I. Vernadskyi Library. Klaus Gestwa and Lyubov Dubrovina discussed the results of the research of the Charter. The Return of the Charter is an example of fruitful scientific cooperation between scientists from Germany and Ukraine, an effective solution to the issue of the return of expropriated cultural values. The location of many expropriated materials remains unknown today. Therefore, it is important to develop international cultural and scientific cooperation, and the creationof the State Registry of Lost Cultural Property.
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation for patients with premature ovary insufficiency caused by cancer treatment: optimal protocol
2019-01-24

<b>Objective:</b> Premature ovary insufficiency is frequent after chemotherapy/radiotherapy in cancer patients. Ovarian tissue (OT) cryopreservation and later retransplantation, the routine method in Europe, has recently been implemented at the first center in China. We investigated the protective effect of the antioxidant <i>N</i>-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) during the decisive freezing-thawing steps. <b>Methods:</b> Fifteen OT samples were obtained from each of 13 cancer patients prospectively and randomly assigned to a control group and four groups with different NAC concentrations (Group 1, 0 mM NAC; Group 2, 0.5 mM NAC; Group 3, 1 mM NAC; Group 4, 5 mM NAC; Group 5, 25 mM NAC). After thawing, the follicle viability, DNA fragmentation, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> OT cryopreserved and thawed with 25 mM NAC (Group 5) has the lowest proportion of apoptotic stroma cells, but the worst follicle viability. The other four groups show similar anti-apoptosis and good follicle viability. Group 4 presented the lowest ROS and highest TAC levels. <b>Conclusions:</b> OT cryopreserved and thawed in medium supplemented with 5 mM NAC shows the highest antioxidant and lowest ROS capability, good apoptotic parameters, and follicle viability. Our results need to be confirmed in larger patient cohorts prior to being accepted as a standard protocol.
A Nonlinear Dynamic Latent Class Structural Equation Model
2019-01-24

In this article, we propose a nonlinear dynamic latent class structural equation modeling (NDLC-SEM). It can be used to examine intra-individual processes of observed or latent variables. These processes are decomposed into parts which include individual- and time-specific components. Unobserved heterogeneity of the intra-individual processes are modeled via a latent Markov process that can be predicted by individual- and time-specific variables as random effects. We discuss examples of sub-models which are special cases of the more general NDLC-SEM framework. Furthermore, we provide empirical examples and illustrate how to estimate this model in a Bayesian framework. Finally, we discuss essential properties of the proposed framework, give recommendations for applications, and highlight some general problems in the estimation of parameters in comprehensive frameworks for intensive longitudinal data.
Interplay between Stereocomplexation and Microphase Separation in PS-b-PLLA-b-PDLA Triblock Copolymers
2019-01-24

Polymers with different tacticities or chiralities can self-assemble into stereocomplex structure (sc-structure) which may further self-assemble into sc-crystals. This stereocomplexation behavior has a great potential in enhancing the crystallization and mechanical properties of polymers. However, less is known about its interplay with microphase separation (MS) in controlling the microscopic structures of block copolymers. In this work, we have designed and synthesized two series of PS-b-PDLA-b-PLLA (PS-b-PLLA-b-PDLA) triblock copolymers. By introducing a PDLA block into a strong segregation PS-b-PLLA system, we were able to explore the interplay between stereocomplexation, crystallization, and MS. The first series of triblock polymers have a fixed total molecular weight and a PLA weight fraction about 0.3, corresponding to a cylinder MS structure. By increasing the relative PDLA:PLLA composition approaching to unity within the PLA block, we found that the long period, L0, of the MS structure decreases due to the formation of sc-structure. However, crystallization was completely suppressed under the strong confinement as no characteristics of sc-crystal could be detected by DSC and WAXS. In the second series, triblock copolymers with the same PS-b-PLLA block but a varying PDLA block were synthesized. With increasing the PDLA length, the MS structure undergoes a transition from cylinder to lamellae. Interestingly, because of the sc-structure formation, the long period of the lamellar phase only increases slightly with increasing PDLA length. Despite the confinement of MS, exclusive sc-crystals could be formed within the lamellae. Our results demonstrate that the confinement of MS structure has a strong impact on sc-crystallization and sterocomplexation within the PLA domains, which provide a new strategy for further adjusting the microstructure as well as various properties of PLA-based materials.
Anomalous transverse resistance in 122-type iron-based superconductors
2019-01-24

Abstract The study of transverse resistance of superconductors is essential to understand the transition to superconductivity. Here, we investigated the in-plane transverse resistance of Ba 0.5 K 0.5 Fe 2 As 2 superconductors, based on ultra-thin micro-bridges fabricated from optimally doped single crystals. An anomalous transverse resistance was found at temperatures around the superconducting transition, although magnetic order or structure distortion are absent in the optimal doping case. With the substitution of magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities into the superconducting layer, the anomalous transverse resistance phenomenon is dramatically enhanced. We find that anisotropic scattering or the superconducting electronic nematic state related with the superconducting transition may contribute to this phenomenon.
Energy-level alignment at strongly coupled organic–metal interfaces
2019-01-24

Energy-level alignment at organic-metal interfaces plays a crucial role for the performance of organic electronic devices. However, reliable models to predict energetics at strongly coupled interfaces are still lacking. We elucidate contact formation of 1,2,5,6,9,10-coronenehexone (COHON) to the (1 1 1)-surfaces of coinage metals by means of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the x-ray standing wave technique, and density functional theory calculations. While for low COHON thicknesses, the work-functions of the systems vary considerably, for thicker organic films Fermi-level pinning leads to identical work functions of 5.2 eV for all COHON-covered metals irrespective of the pristine substrate work function and the interfacial interaction strength.
Retrobulbar Sinus Injection of Doxorubicin is More Efficient Than Lateral Tail Vein Injection at Inducing Experimental Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice: A Pilot Study
2019-01-24

Doxorubicin-induced nephropathy in mice is a model for studying experimental nephrotic syndrome. It corresponds to puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats. In this model, susceptible 129 S1/SvImJ mice are administered a rapid intravenous injection that can be accomplished via either the lateral tail vein or the retrobulbar sinus. Because doxorubicin is a highly toxic substance, extravasation must be avoided during the administration of the intravenous injection to prevent the development of large necrotizing lesions and exacerbation of the animals’ stress. In the present study, we compared the safety and stress of these two injection routes by using histopathological analyses of the animals’ orbital cavities or tails, respectively. The injection of 14.5 μg/g body weight doxorubicin into the mice’s lateral tail veins ( n = 9) or retrobulbar sinuses ( n = 19) caused no clinically detectable stress or impairment. Histopathologies of the specimens five days after doxorubicin injection revealed inflammatory lesions at the injection sites in both groups. In the orbital sinus specimens from the retrobulbar-injected group, fibrosis was evident 25 days after injection. Moreover, while all of the retrobulbar-injected mice (100%) developed nephrotic syndrome, tail vein-injected mice had a significantly lower response rate (66%, p = 0.047, Fisher’s exact test) and exhibited only attenuated features of nephrotic syndrome. It was therefore concluded that doxorubicin administration via either lateral tail vein or retrobulbar sinus injections led to a similar induction of histopathological changes with no effects on the clinical well-being of the mice. However, retrobulbar sinus injections were more efficient for inducing experimental nephrotic syndrome.
Quick question or intensive inquiry: The role of message elaboration in the effectiveness of self-persuasive anti-alcohol posters
2019-01-24

Self-persuasion (i.e., generating your own arguments) is often more persuasive than direct persuasion (i.e., being provided with arguments), even when the technique is applied in media messages by framing the message as a question. It is unclear, however, if these messages are more persuasive when viewed for a long period to allow more elaboration about the message, or for a short period to reduce elaboration. In the current experiment, this is addressed by examining whether anti-alcohol posters framed as a statement (direct persuasion) or an open-ended question (self-persuasion) are more effective to reduce alcohol consumption under conditions of short- or long message exposure, compared to a control condition (no poster). Additionally, the potentially moderating roles of self-perceived alcohol identity and self-esteem on both types of persuasion are examined. Participants (N = 149) were exposed to a self-persuasion or direct persuasion anti-alcohol poster, either briefly before or continuously during a bogus beer taste task. The amount of alcohol consumed was the covert dependent variable. Contrary to expectations, both posters failed to affect alcohol consumption, regardless of exposure length. No moderation effects for self-perceived alcohol identity and self-esteem of the participants were found. Possible explanations are discussed.
Capitularies in the Ottonian realm
2019-01-24

This essay is a study of the transmission and later use of Carolingian capitularies. Issued in the ninth century, in a number of cases these documents are known to us only through copies made in the tenth century, in the Ottonian empire. The goal of the study is to prompt a rethinking of the contrast often drawn between the text‐based legal culture of the Carolingian empire and the supposedly oral and ritual culture of Ottonian rule. A survey of seventeen capitulary manuscripts is offered, followed by two case studies. The first concerns a tenth‐century Metz manuscript; the second centres around a Mainz book. These appeal to the Carolingian past in order to shape legal claims in the present: as assemblages of legal texts, they bear important witness to the context of their production.
Plato and the Theodosian Code
2019-01-24

The codification project initiated in 429 ad that resulted in the Theodosian Code was originally designed to integrate three types of law: one, imperial constitutions since Constantine; two, the legal material collected in the tetrarchic Codices Gregorianus and Hermogenianus ; and three, a florilegium of juristic writings and responsa . The ultimate aim was to condense all this in a single comprehensive law book that would govern the entire life of the empire and its subjects. As this paper shows, such a project had no precedent in Roman legal history and in fact ran counter to the traditional multiplicity of legal sources in Rome. This prompts a question: from where did the intellectual fathers of the codification project drew inspiration for such a revolutionary idea? In the paper's second part, I argue that one important model for the codification project of 429 could have been the legal code Plato designed for the ideal state of the Laws.
Lithium Ion Motion in Lithium Nitridoborate Chalcogenides Li5(BN2)Ch (Ch = Se, Te)
2019-01-24

The compounds Li 5 (BN 2 )Se and Li 5 (BN 2 )Te were synthesized at 900 °C in a closed system utilizing weld shut niobium ampoules and obtained as white microcrystalline powders. Their crystal structures were solved and refined on the basis of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data with the space group I 4 1 md [ a = 6.3983(4) Å, c = 11.1072(9) Å for Li 5 (BN 2 )Se and a = 6.5878(3) Å, c = 11.4382(7) Å for Li 5 (BN 2 )Te]. The temperature dependent Li + motion was investigated by 7 Li MAS NMR spectroscopy.
Pre-service teachers in Germany’s pluralistic scholarship system and their motivations for becoming teachers
2019-01-24

Germany has a unique scholarship program for highly talented students. The present study identifies differences between supported and non-supported pre-service teachers in this program and focuses on their motivations. A survey of N = 703 pre-service teachers (n = 279 supported) forms the basis of the analysis. Using a non-parametric data preprocessing approach (matching individuals), differences in motivations to become a teacher were modelled in these two balanced groups. The results show significant differences between supported and unsupported pre-service teachers in terms of their motivations for becoming teachers; however, there are no differences after propensity score matching and consideration of confounding variables. The findings indicate that a closer look at the subgroups of pre-service teachers is needed, and the results are therefore relevant to research on teacher education and the support of highly talented pre-service teachers. Future research should account for longitudinal approaches and the scholarship programs’ impact.
Value of adenosine stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the evaluation of vessels supplying previously infarcted territories
2019-01-24

A perfusion defect larger than scar is highly predictive for significant stenosis in infarct-related arteries. However, more than a third of the patients with perfusion defect of equal size as scar also showed significant coronary stenosis. As half of these patients showed still viable (subendocardial) scars, there is a high-risk of reinfarction. The addition of angina symptoms seems to increase diagnostic accuracy only in patients with perfusion defects larger than scar.
Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers
2019-01-25

Abstract Quantifying the genetic correlation between cancers can provide important insights into the mechanisms driving cancer etiology. Using genome-wide association study summary statistics across six cancer types based on a total of 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, here we estimate the pair-wise genetic correlations between breast, colorectal, head/neck, lung, ovary and prostate cancer, and between cancers and 38 other diseases. We observed statistically significant genetic correlations between lung and head/neck cancer ( r g = 0.57, p = 4.6 × 10 −8 ), breast and ovarian cancer ( r g = 0.24, p = 7 × 10 −5 ), breast and lung cancer ( r g = 0.18, p =1.5 × 10 −6 ) and breast and colorectal cancer ( r g = 0.15, p = 1.1 × 10 −4 ). We also found that multiple cancers are genetically correlated with non-cancer traits including smoking, psychiatric diseases and metabolic characteristics. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a significant excess contribution of conserved and regulatory regions to cancer heritability. Our comprehensive analysis of cross-cancer heritability suggests that solid tumors arising across tissues share in part a common germline genetic basis.
Automated Scheduling for Optimal Parallelization to Reduce the Duration of Vehicle Software Updates
2019-01-25

The needs-oriented expansion and maintenance of vehicle functions through software updates will increase drastically due to current megatrends such as autonomous driving or connected car services. Both, shorter innovation cycles and increasing software volumes resulting from these megatrends, increase update frequency and duration equally. Consequently, a reduction of update duration will become even more important in the future. Popular literature has shown that in a vehicle-internal network of up to 100 electronic control units (ECUs), the parallelization of individual ECU updates has great potential to reduce the total update duration. However, the methods presented so far do not show an optimal parallel scheduling algorithm that uses the full potential of the vehicle-internal network. In addition, some of the approaches are also limited to certain bus systems or do not have an automated parallelization strategy based on ECU requirements. The approach introduced here uses a high abstraction model for optimal parallel ECU software update scheduling. For this purpose, we developed two scheduling algorithms, one as a mixed-integer linear program and the other as a hybrid algorithm. We verified our approach in a real testing environment with up to 20 ECUs regarding update duration and computation time. Evaluation shows that the reprogramming time can be reduced by up to 77% compared to sequential update processing through optimal parallelization. Furthermore, the model is very easy to adapt to different and new vehicle generations due to its high abstraction.
DOP57 Monitoring response to anti-TNF therapy in ulcerative colitis patients by gastrointestinal ultrasound: sub-analysis from TRUST&UC
2019-01-25

BackgroundIn ulcerative colitis GIUS (GastroIntestinal UltraSound) is discussed to be a reliable surrogate parameter for inflammatory activity next to faecal calprotectin (FC), and to some extend C-reactive protein (CRP). Treat to target (T2T) is an emerging concept of IBD management, which might lead to superior outcomes with regard to mucosal healing, steroid-free remission, and hospitalisation as shown with anti-TNF therapies in previous studies.1 To ensure a stringent T2T approach, it is crucial to facilitate non-invasive, inexpensive, and reliable diagnostics to monitor disease activity. Recently, we published a multi-centre study evaluating the capability of GIUS to monitor therapy response in Crohn’s disease patients.2,3 Here we provide a first subgroup analysis of the TRUST&UC study (TRansabdominal UltraSonography of the bowel To monitor disease activity in subjects with ulcerative colitis) focussing on the monitoring of anti-TNF therapy response in ulcerative colitis patients.
Improving treatment outcomes for MDR-TB — Novel host-directed therapies and personalised medicine of the future
2019-01-27

Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is a major threat to global health security. In 2017, only 50% of patients with MDR-TB who received WHO-recommended treatment were cured. Most MDR-TB patients who recover continue to suffer from functional disability due to long-term lung damage. Whilst new MDR-TB treatment regimens are becoming available, conventional drug therapies need to be complemented with host-directed therapies (HDTs) to reduce tissue damage and improve functional treatment outcomes. This viewpoint highlights recent data on biomarkers, immune cells, circulating effector molecules and genetics which could be utilised for developing personalised HDTs. Novel technologies currently used for cancer therapy which could facilitate in-depth understanding of host genetics and the microbiome in patients with MDR-TB are discussed. Against this background, personalised cell-based HDTs for adjunct MDR-TB treatment to improve clinical outcomes are proposed as a possibility for complementing standard therapy and other HDT agents. Insights into the molecular biology of the mechanisms of action of cellular HDTs may also aid to devise non-cell-based therapies targeting defined inflammatory pathway(s) in Mtb-driven immunopathology.
Extinctions in marine plankton preceded by stabilizing selection
2019-01-27

Abstract Unless they adapt, populations facing persistent stress are threatened by extinction. Theoretically, populations facing stress can react by either disruption, increasing trait variation, or stabilisation, decreasing trait variation. In the short term, the more economical response is stabilisation, because it quickly transfers a large part of the population closer to a new ecological optimum. However, canalisation is deleterious in the face of persistently increasing stress because it reduces variability and thus decreases the ability to react to further change in stress. Understanding how natural populations react to intensifying stress reaching terminal levels is key to assessing their resilience to environmental change such as that caused by global warming. Because extinctions are hard to predict, observational data on the adaptive reaction of populations facing extinction are rare. In this study, we make use of the glacial salinity rise in the Red Sea as a natural experiment allowing us to analyse the reaction of planktonic Foraminifera to stress escalation in the geological past. We analyse morphological trait state and variance in two species across a salinity rise leading to their local extinction. One species reacted by stabilisation in shape and size, detectable several thousand years prior to extinction. The second species reacted by trait divergence, but each of the two divergent populations remains stable or reacted by further stabilisation. These observations indicate that the default reaction of the studied Foraminifera is stabilisation and that stress escalation did not lead to the local emergence of adapted forms. Inability to breach the global adaptive threshold would explain why communities of Foraminifera, and many other groups of marine plankton, reacted to Quaternary climate change by faithfully tracking their zonally shifting environments. It also means that populations of marine species adapted to response by migration, when exposed to stress outside of the adaptive range, will be at risk of extinction.