julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Paraplegin Expression in Swollen Neurites, τ- and α-Synuclein Pathology in a Case of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia SPG7 with an Ala510Val Mutation
2015-10-21

Mutations in the SPG7 gene are the most frequent cause of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegias and spastic ataxias. Ala510Val is the most common SPG7 mutation, with a frequency of up to 1% in the general population. Here we report the clinical, genetic, and neuropathological findings in a homozygous Ala510Val SPG7 case with spastic ataxia. Neuron loss with associated gliosis was found in the inferior olivary nucleus, the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, the substantia nigra and the basal nucleus of Meynert. Neurofilament and/or paraplegin accumulation was observed in swollen neurites in the cerebellar and cerebral cortex. This case also showed subcortical τ-pathology in an unique distribution pattern largely restricted to the brainstem. α-synuclein containing Lewy bodies (LBs) were observed in the brainstem and the cortex, compatible with a limbic pattern of Braak LB-Disease stage 4. Taken together, this case shows that the spectrum of pathologies in SPG7 can include neuron loss of the dentate nucleus and the inferior olivary nucleus as well as neuritic pathology. The progressive supranuclear palsy-like brainstem predominant pattern of τ pathology and α-synuclein containing Lewy bodies in our SPG7 cases may be either coincidental or related to SPG7 in addition to neuron loss and neuritic pathology.
Sex determination using proximal hand phalanges
2015-10-21

Sex determination is among the most important biological data to be obtained from human skeletal remains. In anthropological sciences, the applied methodology involves the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of skeletal parts. Measurements of proximal hand phalanges have been shown to exhibit prominent sexual dimorphism, in different populations examined. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of proximal hand phalanges for the sex diagnosis and develop a discriminant formula to be applied to Modern Greek populations. The material utilized consists of 661 proximal hand phalanges (left and right) from the Athens Collection, corresponding to 160 adult individuals (86 males and 74 females). Classification accuracies ranged between 94.6% and 100% for left and between 87.7% and 100% for right proximal phalanges. The results of this study indicate that proximal hand phalanges can be used for accurate sex diagnosis.
How do giant planetary cores shape the dust disk?
2015-10-22

\\n Context. We have been observing, thanks to ALMA, the dust distribution in the region of active planet formation around young stars. This is a powerful tool that can be used to connect observations with theoretical models and improve our understanding of the processes at play.\\n Aims. We want to test how a multiplanetary system shapes its birth disk and to study the influence of the planetary masses and particle sizes on the final dust distribution. Moreover, we apply our model to the HL Tau system in order to obtain some insights on the physical parameters of the planets that are able to create the observed features.\\n Methods. We follow the evolution of a population of dust particles, treated as Lagrangian particles, in two-dimensional locally isothermal disks where two equal-mass planets are present. The planets are kept in fixed orbits and they do not accrete mass.\\n Results. The outer planet plays a major role in removing the dust particles in the co-orbital region of the inner planet and in forming a particle ring which have a steeper density gradient close to the gap edge respect to the single-planet scenario, promoting the development of vortices. The ring and gap width depend strongly on the planetary mass and particle stopping times, and for the more massive cases on the ring clumps in few stable points that are able to collect a high mass fraction. The features observed in the HL Tau system can be explained through the presence of several massive cores that shape the dust disk where the inner planet(s) have a mass of the order of 0.07 MJup and the outer one(s) of the order of 0.35 MJup. These values can be significantly lower if the disk mass turns out to be less than previously estimated. By decreasing the disk mass by a factor of 10, we obtain similar gap widths for planets with a mass of 10 M⊕ and 20 M⊕ for the inner and outer planets, respectively. Although the particle gaps are prominent, the expected gaseous gaps are barely visible.\\n
Parenchymal Blood Volume Assessed by C-Arm–Based Computed Tomography in Immediate Posttreatment Evaluation of Drug-Eluting Bead Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2015-10-22

Parenchymal blood volume values as derived from C-arm CT acquisitions in combination with nonenhanced and contrast-enhanced C-arm CT images are useful in posttreatment assessment of DEB-TACE in HCC. Residual tumor perfusion in PBV maps have predictive potential for mid-term tumor response in HCC and could allow a more individualized treatment schedule for DEB-TACE in HCC patients.
Application of the pMHC Array to Characterise Tumour Antigen Specific T Cell Populations in Leukaemia Patients at Disease Diagnosis
2015-10-22

Immunotherapy treatments for cancer are becoming increasingly successful, however to further improve our understanding of the T-cell recognition involved in effective responses and to encourage moves towards the development of personalised treatments for leukaemia immunotherapy, precise antigenic targets in individual patients have been identified. Cellular arrays using peptide-MHC (pMHC) tetramers allow the simultaneous detection of different antigen specific T-cell populations naturally circulating in patients and normal donors. We have developed the pMHC array to detect CD8+ T-cell populations in leukaemia patients that recognise epitopes within viral antigens (cytomegalovirus (CMV) and influenza (Flu)) and leukaemia antigens (including Per Arnt Sim domain 1 (PASD1), MelanA, Wilms' Tumour (WT1) and tyrosinase). We show that the pMHC array is at least as sensitive as flow cytometry and has the potential to rapidly identify more than 40 specific T-cell populations in a small sample of T-cells (0.8-1.4 x 10(6)). Fourteen of the twenty-six acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients analysed had T cells that recognised tumour antigen epitopes, and eight of these recognised PASD1 epitopes. Other tumour epitopes recognised were MelanA (n = 3), tyrosinase (n = 3) and WT1(126-134) (n = 1). One of the seven acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) patients analysed had T cells that recognised the MUC1(950-958) epitope. In the future the pMHC array may be used provide point of care T-cell analyses, predict patient response to conventional therapy and direct personalised immunotherapy for patients.
Residual Upper Arm Motor Function Primes Innervation of Paretic Forearm Muscles in Chronic Stroke after Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) Training
2015-10-23

Residual upper arm motor function primes recruitment of paralyzed forearm muscles in chronic stroke patients and predicts changes in their recruitment after BMI training. This study suggests that changes in upper arm-forearm synergies contribute to stroke motor recovery, and provides candidacy guidelines for similar BMI-based clinical practice.
Completeness in Proof-Theoretic Semantics
2015-10-24

We give an overview of completeness and incompleteness results within proof-theoretic semantics. Completeness of intuitionistic first-order logic for certain notions of validity in proof-theoretic semantics has been conjectured by Prawitz. For the kind of semantics proposed by him, this conjecture is still undecided. For certain variants of proof-theoretic semantics the completeness question is settled, including a positive result for classical logic. For intuitionistic logic there are positive as well as negative completeness results, depending on which variant of semantics is considered. Further results have been obtained for certain fragments of first-order languages.
Open Problems in Proof-Theoretic Semantics
2015-10-24

I present three open problems the discussion and solution of which I consider relevant for the further development of proof-theoretic semantics: (1) The nature of hypotheses and the problem of the appropriate format of proofs, (2) the problem of a satisfactory notion of proof-theoretic harmony, and (3) the problem of extending methods of proof-theoretic semantics beyond logic.
Advances in Proof-Theoretic Semantics: Introduction
2015-10-24

As documented by the papers in this volume, which mostly result from the second conference on proof-theoretic semantics in Tübingen 2013, proof-theoretic semantics has advanced to a well-established subject in philosophical logic.
Mobilisation, sacrifice et citoyenneté, Angleterre – France (Mobilisation, sacrifice and citizenship, England – France) 1900–1918
2015-10-24

Anchored in the rich and turbulent historiography of the First World War, Pierre Purseigle’s work, Mobilisation, sacrifice et citoyenneté , brings an innovative approach to two fields of historical research. In this study, the author combines issues which have, until now, been distinct in the historiography of the First World War. These issues of national mobilization and the wartime experiences of towns and cities are used in order to highlight mechanisms of social mobilization in medium-sized towns. The author references and challenges the academic quarrels that have marked the historiography of this period and calls into question the analytical primacy of the nation state through analysis at the local and regional level. In this way, he brings a fresh viewpoint to the historiography of the First World War. Through his interdisciplinary, comparative and transnational approach, Purseigle offers us an analysis of the mobilization at the heart of two urban ‘territories’: Bézier in France and Northampton in Great Britain. The focus of the study is on the mechanisms of the social mobilization of the masses during the First World War, which was a major step in the nationalization process of European countries. By choosing a French wine-making town in a state of social upheaval and a quiet English industrial town, Purseigle deliberately includes a variety of social and economic contexts. However, in the pre-war period these two towns were linked by a common thread: their long-term economic stability was very much dependent on the national and imperial economy. The declaration of war was seen as legitimate in both Bézier and Northampton, ‘made in response to deliberate aggression compelling France and England to take a leading military role in the Triple Alliance’, and was presented and experienced as a battle between the ‘right of the strongest’, defended by the ‘German autocracy’, and ‘international law’, defended by the democracies of France and Great Britain. By retracing the roots of these two ‘war cultures’ at different levels, the author sheds light on the local cultural mechanisms at work during the mobilization process and also discovers an ‘instability of borders’ which allows him to confirm the existence of a ‘plurality of mobilization platforms’.
Progress with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ)-based malaria vaccines
2015-10-25

Sanaria Inc. has developed methods to manufacture, purify and cryopreserve aseptic Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ), and is using this platform technology to develop an injectable PfSPZ-based vaccine that provides high-grade, durable protection against infection with Pf malaria. Several candidate vaccines are being developed and tested, including PfSPZ Vaccine, in which the PfSPZ are attenuated by irradiation, PfSPZ-CVac, in which fully infectious PfSPZ are attenuated in vivo by concomitant administration of an anti-malarial drug, and PfSPZ-GA1, in which the PfSPZ are attenuated by gene knockout. Forty-three research groups in 15 countries, organized as the International PfSPZ Consortium (I-PfSPZ-C), are collaborating to advance this program by providing intellectual, clinical, and financial support. Fourteen clinical trials of these products have been completed in the USA, Europe and Africa, two are underway and at least 12 more are planned for 2015-2016 in the US (four trials), Germany (2 trials), Tanzania, Kenya, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana and Equatorial Guinea. Sanaria anticipates application to license a first generation product as early as late 2017, initially to protect adults, and a year later to protect all persons >6 months of age for at least six months. Improved vaccine candidates will be advanced as needed until the following requirements have been met: long-term protection against natural transmission, excellent safety and tolerability, and operational feasibility for population-wide administration. Here we describe the three most developed whole PfSPZ vaccine candidates, associated clinical trials, initial plans for licensure and deployment, and long-term objectives for a final product suitable for mass administration to achieve regional malaria elimination and eventual global eradication.
Driving with Glaucoma
2015-10-25

Our study suggests that a considerable subgroup of subjects with binocular glaucomatous visual field loss shows a safe driving behavior in a virtual reality environment, because they adapt their viewing behavior by increasing their visual scanning. Hence, binocular visual field loss does not necessarily influence driving safety. We recommend that more individualized driving assessments, which will take into account the patient's ability to compensate, are required.
Are Spatial‐Numerical Associations a Cornerstone for Arithmetic Learning? The Lack of Genuine Correlations Suggests No
2015-10-26

ABSTRACT The mental number line metaphor describes how numbers are associated with space. These spatial‐numerical associations ( SNA ) are subserved by parietal structures (mainly intraparietal sulcus [ IPS ] and posterior superior parietal lobule [ PSPL ]). Generally, it is assumed that this association is a basic cornerstone for arithmetic skills. In this review, we present a taxonomy of SNAs and outline which of them are related to arithmetic skills. Recent research suggests that not all SNAs are related to arithmetic skills; for instance, the spatial‐numerical association of response codes ( SNARC ) is not or at least less related to arithmetic skills than SNAs assessed in the number line estimation task. In general, we conclude that the relationship between SNAs and arithmetic skills are rather weak or caused by mediating variables. Nevertheless, interventions based on relations between space and numbers can be beneficial for arithmetic skills because space is a powerful tool to understand arithmetic concepts.
Safety of topical corticosteroids in pregnancy
2015-10-26

This update adds more evidence showing no causal associations between maternal exposure to topical corticosteroids of all potencies and pregnancy outcomes including mode of delivery, congenital abnormalities, preterm delivery, foetal death, and low Apgar score, which is consistent with the previous version of this review. This update provides stratified analyses based on steroid potency; we found no association between maternal use of topical corticosteroids of any potency and an increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes, including mode of delivery, congenital abnormality, preterm delivery, foetal death, and low Apgar score. Similar to the previous version of the review, this update identified a probable association between low birth weight and maternal use of potent to very potent topical corticosteroids, especially when the cumulative dosage of topical corticosteroids throughout the pregnancy is very large, which warrants further investigation. The finding of a possible protective effect of mild to moderate topical corticosteroids on foetal death could also be examined.
From thermoelectric bulk to nanomaterials: Current progress for Bi2Te3and CoSb3
2015-10-26

Bi 2 Te 3 and CoSb 3 based nanomaterials were synthesized and their thermoelectric, structural, and vibrational properties analyzed to assess and reduce ZT ‐limiting mechanisms. The same preparation and/or characterization methods were applied in the different materials systems. Single‐crystalline, ternary p‐type Bi 15 Sb 29 Te 56 , and n‐type Bi 38 Te 55 Se 7 nanowires with power factors comparable to nanostructured bulk materials were prepared by potential‐pulsed electrochemical deposition in a nanostructured Al 2 O 3 matrix. p‐type Sb 2 Te 3 , n‐type Bi 2 Te 3 , and n‐type CoSb 3 thin films were grown at room temperature using molecular beam epitaxy and were subsequently annealed at elevated temperatures. This yielded polycrystalline, single phase thin films with optimized charge carrier densities. In CoSb 3 thin films the speed of sound could be reduced by filling the cage structure with Yb and alloying with Fe yielded p‐type material. Bi 2 (Te 0.91 Se 0.09 ) 3 /SiC and (Bi 0.26 Sb 0.74 ) 2 Te 3 /SiC nanocomposites with low thermal conductivities and ZT values larger than 1 were prepared by spark plasma sintering. Nanostructure, texture, chemical composition, as well as electronic and phononic excitations were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, nuclear resonance scattering, inelastic neutron scattering, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. For Bi 2 Te 3 materials, ab‐initio calculations together with equilibrium and non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations for point defects yielded their formation energies and their effect on lattice thermal conductivity, respectively. Current advances in thermoelectric Bi 2 Te 3 and CoSb 3 based nanomaterials are summarized. Advanced synthesis and characterization methods and theoretical modeling were combined to assess and reduce ZT ‐limiting mechanisms in these materials.
Successful Replication of GWAS Hits for Multiple Sclerosis in 10,000 Germans Using the Exome Array
2015-10-26

ABSTRACT Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) successfully identified various chromosomal regions to be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). The primary aim of this study was to replicate reported associations from GWAS using an exome array in a large German study. German MS cases ( n = 4,476) and German controls ( n = 5,714) were genotyped using the Illumina HumanExome v1‐Chip. Genotype calling was performed with the Illumina Genome Studio TM Genotyping Module, followed by zCall. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven regions outside the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region showed genome‐wide significant associations with MS ( P values &lt; 5 × 10 −8 ). These associations have been reported previously. In addition, SNPs in three previously reported regions outside the HLA region yielded P values &lt; 10 −5 . The effect of nine SNPs in the HLA region remained ( P &lt; 10 −5 ) after adjustment for other significant SNPs in the HLA region. All of these findings have been reported before or are driven by known risk loci. In summary, findings from previous GWAS for MS could be successfully replicated. We conclude that the regions identified in previous GWAS are also associated in the German population. This reassures the need for detailed investigations of the functional mechanisms underlying the replicated associations.
Interferon-Mediated Cytokine Induction Determines Sustained Virus Control in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
2015-10-26

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease and associated complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Interferons (IFNs) are crucial for HCV clearance and a sustained virological response (SVR), but a significant proportion of patients do not respond to IFNα. The underlying mechanisms of an insufficient IFN response remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that patients responding to IFNα with viral clearance had significantly higher serum levels of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), compared with patients who failed to control HCV. In addition, upon direct IFNα exposure, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with SVR upregulated TRAIL, as well as IFN-γ and the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, much more strongly than cells from patients with antiviral treatment failure. As a possible mechanism of the stronger IFNα-induced cytokine response, we identified higher levels of expression and phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT1 in PBMCs from patients with SVR. Increased TRAIL expression additionally involved the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. Thus, SVR in chronic HCV infection is associated with a strong IFNα-induced cytokine response, which might allow for the early prediction of treatment efficacy in HCV infection.
Nonradiative Deactivation of Lanthanoid Excited States by Inner-Sphere Carboxylates
2015-10-26

The vibrational deactivation of metal-centered excited states is one of the fundamental processes that governs the luminescence of inorganic luminophores. In molecular lanthanoid luminescence, the most reliable way to modulate and systematically investigate these processes is deuteration of X-H stretching modes (X = O, N, C). Apart from the effect of these high-energy vibrational motifs, very little is known about the impact of other oscillator fragments present in lanthanoid complexes. We have developed a synthetic protocol to efficiently and selectively label the popular chelator motif "pyridine-2-carboxylic acid" with stable (13)C/(18)O isotope at the carboxylate group. The corresponding isotopologic lanthanoid complexes (Ln = Sm, Eu, Ho) show a decrease of the local-mode carbonyl stretching frequency of up to 5% after isotopic substitution. While this does not seems to have any effect on the luminescence of lanthanoids with medium- to high-energy gaps (Sm and Eu), we have found the first example of a quantifiable luminescence isotope effect for one of the near-IR transitions of holmium ((3)K8 → (5)I5) that only involves the isotopic editing of the vibrational environment at the four carbonyl oscillators.
Structural Properties of Picene–Perfluoropentacene and Picene–Pentacene Blends: Superlattice Formation versus Limited Intermixing
2015-10-26

The structure and morphology of mixed thin films of picene (C<sub>22</sub>H<sub>14</sub>, PIC) and perfluoropentacene (C<sub>22</sub>F<sub>14</sub>, PFP) as well as mixed thin films of PIC and pentacene (C<sub>22</sub>H<sub>14</sub>, PEN) grown by simultaneous coevaporation is investigated using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. For both systems we find mixing on the molecular level and the formation of mixed structures. However, due to the strongly different interactions in both mixtures the ordering is fundamentally different. For the equimolar PFP:PIC mixtures, we observe the formation of two different mixed polymorphs with unit cells containing 2 PIC and 2 PFP molecules depending on the growth temperature. One of these polymorphs is a superlattice with in-plane compound segregation. The other polymorph is less symmetric and results only in a very short ranged in-plane ordering. In contrast, the PEN:PIC mixtures form crystals with unit cell parameters continuously changing with the molar concentrations between those of the pure compounds. The position of molecular species within the crystal lattice is statistical. Surprisingly, for higher concentrations of PIC we observe phase separation of surplus PIC molecules which corresponds to a limited intermixing of the two compounds. Finally, the results are discussed in the context of other organic semiconductor binary mixtures showing that besides chemical composition and steric compatibility the intramolecular arrangement of the atoms important for intermolecular interactions significantly influences the structure formation in organic semiconductor blends.