julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Scandium─Group 13 Heterobimetallic Methylidene Clusters
2025-07-02

A straightforward synthesis of Cp*<sub>2</sub>Sc(AlMe<sub>4</sub>) (Cp* = C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>) applying Cp*<sub>2</sub>ScCl(thf) and LiAlMe<sub>4</sub>/AlMe<sub>3</sub> is described. Donor-assisted trimethyltriel exchange gives access to Cp*<sub>2</sub>Sc(EMe<sub>4</sub>) (E = Ga, In), which represent the first scandium tetramethylgallate and tetramethylindate complexes. Thermal treatment of Cp*<sub>2</sub>Sc(EMe<sub>4</sub>) (E = Ga, In) in benzene leads to the isolation of methylidene clusters Cp*<sub>6</sub>Sc<sub>4</sub>E<sub>8</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>12</sub>Me<sub>6</sub> (E = Ga, In). This methyl group deprotonation differs from the benzene activation previously observed for Cp*<sub>2</sub>Y(EMe<sub>4</sub>) (E = Al, Ga). Treatment of Cp*<sub>2</sub>Sc(EMe<sub>4</sub>) (E = Al, Ga) with excess GaMe<sub>3</sub> in benzene at elevated temperatures generated Ga<sub>8</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>12</sub>, following the known reactivities of Cp*<sub>2</sub>Ln(GaMe<sub>4</sub>) (Ln = Y, Lu) with GaMe<sub>3</sub>. Analogous reactions of scandocene complexes Cp*<sub>2</sub>Sc(EMe<sub>4</sub>) (E = Al, In) with excess InMe<sub>3</sub> at elevated temperatures did not yield the putative homoleptic indium methylidene. Instead, the methylidene cluster Cp*<sub>4</sub>Sc<sub>4</sub>In<sub>8</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>12</sub>Me<sub>8</sub> was isolated, which features half-sandwich scandium fragments exclusively. A reaction of InMe<sub>3</sub> and HCp* at high temperatures yielded Me<sub>2</sub>InCp*InMe<sub>3</sub>, which might incorporate the missing Cp* ligands in the cluster formations. Rare-earth-metal compounds were analyzed by SC-XRD, ICP-OES and elemental analysis. Compounds Cp*<sub>2</sub>Sc(EMe<sub>4</sub>) (E = Ga, In) and [Cp*<sub>2</sub>Sc(ClAlMe<sub>3</sub>)]<sub>2</sub> were additionally analyzed by <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C{<sup>1</sup>H}, <sup>45</sup>Sc NMR as well as <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>45</sup>Sc variable temperature NMR studies.
Ferrous wheel hypothesis II: Abiotic incorporation of mineral nitrogen into organic pools in volcanic soils of temperate forest ecosystems
2025-07-02

Understanding the pathways of nitrogen (N) retention in pristine forest soils is essential for effective ecosystem management and nutrient conservation. The incorporation of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) and nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) into organic N in soils without microbiological contribution remains a very intriguing question. This study explores the abiotic incorporation of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) and nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) into organic N of volcanic soil under sterilized and anoxic conditions, providing insights into mineral N losses occurring as dissolved organic N (DON) rather than the commonly accepted nitrate leaching. We evaluated the hypothesis that nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) can be reduced to nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>), which subsequently reacts with organic matter through nitration and nitrosation, leading to the formation of organic nitrogen. This mechanism, which is of great ecological significance, supports the Ferrous Wheel Hypothesis (FWH). The FWH proposes that ferrous iron, Fe(II), reduces NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> to NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> within anaerobic microsites, and that Fe(II) is then re-oxidised to ferric iron, Fe(III), contributing to the formation of dissolved organic N (DON). Both NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> declined rapidly by 51 and 94 %, while labelled organic N increased by 20-38 % for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and 42-44 % for NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> within seconds. The incorporation of <sup>15</sup>N into organic forms was confirmed using ATR-FTIR and benzene:isopropanol extraction, with the lowest and highest accumulation observed at 5 and 15 mg NO<sub>3</sub>− kg−1, respectively. These results demonstrate that NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> incorporation into organic N can occur primarily through abiotic processes, supporting the FWH, as both DON and solid-phase organic N were measured. These findings highlight the natural resilience of volcanic soils in unpolluted old-growth temperate rainforests to N loss and provide new insights into long-term ecosystem stability and nutrient cycling. Further research should investigate the interplay between abiotic and biotic N transformations under field conditions and across diverse forest ecosystems.
COVID-19 pandemic reclassification and implications for continuing uptake of COVID-19 vaccination: The case of Savannah Region, Ghana, 2023
2025-07-02

The willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccination was high among the respondents, and the majority would encourage their neighbors to receive vaccination. However, targeted approaches are required to address vaccine hesitancy among specific subpopulations, including urban communities and those with secondary-level education.
Depressive symptom factors and their differential association with psychotherapy outcomes in late-life depression: Results of the CBTlate study
2025-07-02

Resilience factors were associated with better outcomes at the end of treatment. Social withdrawal might have been reduced by high-frequent psychotherapy sessions. Positive associations between social withdrawal and better psychotherapy outcomes remained not only at the end of treatment, but also in the long-term at follow-up. Our results might assist in treatment decision-making and improve treatment efficacy in LLD patients by developing targeted, personalized interventions.
Accuracy of blood-based neurofilament light to different genetic frontotemporal dementia from primary psychiatric disorders
2025-07-02

Background Genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD) along with Alzheimer's disease (AD), is one of the most prevalent early-onset dementias. The differential diagnosis of FTD from primary psychiatric disorder (PPD) has been challenging due to significant symptom overlap, particular as FTD often presents with prolonged psychiatric prodromes. Objective This study aims to evaluate whether blood-based neurofilament light chain (NfL) can differentiate genetic FTD from PPD, and to determine a global clinical cutoff to differentiate genetic FTD carriers from PPD with high specificity and sensitivity. Methods Data (ages 40–81) were obtained from FTD mutation carriers (GENFI; n = 474; n = 120 C9orf72, n = 114 GRN, n = 50 MAPT , n = 190 controls), and PPD (Biobanque Signature; n = 848). Blood-based NfL was measured with SIMOA HD-X (BbS) and SIMOA HD-1 (GENFI). Results Blood-based NfL was higher in all symptomatic mutations compared to PPD. Mildly symptomatic (0 &lt; FTLD CDR-SOB-NM &lt; 4) C9orf72 and GRN carriers also had higher NfL. ROC curve revealed an optimal blood-based NfL cutoff of 22.1 pg/mL ( J = 0.647) to distinguish symptomatic genetic FTD from PPD (78.5% sensitivity, 86.2% specificity, AUC = 0.908). For mildly symptomatic subjects, a cutoff of 16.2 pg/mL ( J = 0.601) differentiated groups with 86.7% sensitivity and 73.5% specificity (AUC = 0.870). Conclusions NfL holds potential as a blood-based biomarker for symptomatic genetic FTD carriers, with moderate accuracy to distinguish PPD from mild forms including C9orf72 .
Prostate MRI Using Deep Learning Reconstruction in Response to Cancer Screening Demands—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
2025-07-02

Background/Objectives: There is a growing need for efficient prostate MRI protocols due to their increasing use in managing prostate cancer (PCa) and potential inclusion in screening. Deep learning reconstruction (DLR) may enhance MR acquisitions and improve image quality compared to conventional acceleration techniques. This systematic review examines DLR approaches to prostate MRI. Methods: A search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified eligible studies comparing DLR to conventional reconstruction for prostate imaging. A narrative synthesis was performed to summarize the impact of DLR on acquisition time, image quality, and diagnostic performance. Results: Thirty-three studies showed that DLR can reduce acquisition times for T2w and DWI imaging while maintaining or improving image quality. It did not significantly affect clinical tasks, such as biopsy decisions, and performed comparably to human readers in PI-RADS scoring and the detection of extraprostatic extension. However, AI models trained on conventional data might be less accurate with DLR images. The heterogeneity in image quality metrics among the studies prevented quantitative synthesis. Discussion: DLR has the potential to achieve substantial time savings in prostate MRI while maintaining image quality, which is especially relevant because of increased MRI demands. Future research should address the effect of DLR on clinically relevant downstream tasks, including AI algorithms’ performances and biopsy decisions, and explore task-specific accelerated protocols for screening, image-guided biopsy, and treatment.
Cardiac biomarkers for risk stratification in newly diagnosed high-risk multiple myeloma in the GMMG-CONCEPT trial
2025-07-03

Abstract Cardiovascular adverse events (CVAE) are clinically relevant side effects during treatment with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. We investigated the predictive value of cardiac biomarkers for onset of CVAE in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk multiple myeloma treated with isatuximab, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in the GMMG-CONCEPT study (NCT03104842). Patients included in this prospective, multicenter correlative study were eligible if a serum sample before treatment initiation and at ≥ 1 later study time point were available. N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitive Troponin I (hsTropI) were measured using immunoassays. Time-to-event analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier estimators and log-rank test was used for statistical analysis. Among 126 patients included in this study, 40 reported incident CVAE. No significant differences were observed for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular comorbidities between patients who experienced CVAE compared to patients without CVAE. NT-proBNP levels were elevated at baseline in 96 (76%) patients. Neither baseline levels nor change in NT-proBNP level during early induction cycles were predictive for the occurrence of CVAE. In contrast, elevation of hsTropI above the 99th percentile was rare. Patients with hsTropI level ≥ 2.9 ng/L, corresponding to the lower limit of quantification, showed a higher risk for CVAE compared to patients with hsTropI &lt; 2.9 ng/L at baseline ( p = 0.0023). In conclusion, in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk multiple myeloma undergoing carfilzomib-based quadruplet treatment, low hsTropI pretreatment levels are of high negative predictive value for the occurrence of CVAE whereas elevated NT-proBNP levels are very common before treatment initiation. Graphical Abstract
State-of-the-art lesion preparation in femoropopliteal lesions – a case-based systematic approach
2025-07-03

Summary: Vessel preparation has emerged as a key feature in endovascular treatment strategies as treated lesions are increasingly complex. While treatment algorithms have been presented, a practical systematic case-based approach, entailing contemporary vessel preparation tools, would provide assistance for vascular specialists in the daily routine. Based on patient characteristics, including clinical presentation, age and comorbidities and lesion specific parameters, team-based and patient-centered decisions are necessary for successful treatment. In addition, pre- and procedural imaging, lesion specific characteristics, such as the presence of chronic total occlusions, lesion length and calcification or the presence of thrombus are evaluated. Furthermore, run-off vessels serving as potential conduits for retrograde puncture in case of failed antegrade crossing need to be considered. Based on lesion-specific variables and the type of crossing (intraluminal versus subintimal), options for lesion preparation techniques, including plain-old-balloon angioplasty (POBA), specialty balloons, atherectomy, intravascular lithotripsy and/or thrombectomy are selected prior to the definitive treatment of the lesion. The selection of such vessel preparation strategies depends on the current scientific evidence, guidelines and expert opinion statements. Treatment of patients with intermittent claudication or chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) are now discussed, where a recently published lesion preparation algorithm is applied. By the establishment of this algorithm in daily practice, harmonization of endovascular practice and further improvements in vessel and patient specific outcomes are anticipated.
Delayed Intervention for Severe Childhood Obesity in Poland: A 7-Year Gap Between Onset and Specialized Care
2025-07-03

Background: Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern, with an increasing prevalence of severe obesity among young children. This study aimed to determine the average age of severe obesity onset in Polish children and evaluate the time gap between diagnosis and referral for specialized care. Methods: This data analysis was conducted across four Polish pediatric endocrinology centers specializing in childhood obesity management (Szczecin, Cracow, Zabrze, Rzeszów) between July 2022 and November 2023. The study included 367 children and adolescents (186 boys, 181 girls) aged 0–18 years, diagnosed with severe obesity based on age-specific BMI criteria. Anthropometric measurements were performed during the patient’s inclusion into the study and based on past medical records. BMI and BMI Z-scores were calculated for all current and past measurements. Results: The median age of the study population at the moment of inclusion into the study was 13.7 ± 2.9 years (range: 2.2–18 years). The median BMI was 40.9 ± 5.1 kg/m2 (range: 30.1–65.8 kg/m2), and the median BMI Z-score was 2.7 ± 0.4 (range: 2.3–6.2). Out of the 367 children included, 327 (89%) had entered puberty. An analysis of past measurements revealed that 83% of children had severe obesity at their earliest recorded BMI measurement, with n median onset age of 3.2 years. The median age of referral to specialized care was 10 ± 5.0 years, reflecting a delay of almost 7 years from diagnosis to targeted medical care. Conclusions: This study highlights a substantial delay between the onset of severe obesity and referral for specialized care, underscoring the need for earlier intervention strategies tailored to age, sex, and developmental stage.
Bridging AI innovation and healthcare: scalable clinical validation methods for voice biomarkers
2025-07-03

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in voice biomarker analysis presents a transformative opportunity for objective and non-invasive diagnostics in healthcare. However, clinical adoption remains limited due to challenges such as data scarcity, model generalizability, and regulatory hurdles. This perspective article explores effective and scalable methods for clinical validation of voice biomarkers, emphasizing the importance of proprietary technology, high-quality, diverse datasets, strong clinical partnerships, and regulatory compliance. We propose a multifaceted approach leveraging proprietary AI technology (Musicology AI) to enhance voice analysis, large-scale data collection initiatives to improve model robustness, and medical device certification to ensure clinical applicability. Addressing technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges is crucial for establishing trust in AI-driven diagnostics. By combining technological innovation with rigorous clinical validation, this work aims to bridge the gap between research and real-world implementation, paving the way for AI-powered voice biomarkers to become a reliable tool in digital healthcare.
On the Accessibility of Higher‐ n Phases in Formamidinium‐Based Ruddlesden‐Popper and Dion–Jacobson Layered Hybrid Perovskites
2025-07-03

Abstract Layered (2D) hybrid perovskites offer a promising alternative for stabilizing halide perovskite materials, with a growing interest in formamidinium (FA + ) lead iodide derivatives for photovoltaics due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. While their potential increases with the number of inorganic layers ( n ), the experimental evidence suggests that obtaining n &gt; 2 phases is challenging for FA‐based layered perovskites. To address this challenge and identify the conditions governing the formation of higher‐ n phases, representative FA‐based layered hybrid perovskite materials containing aromatic spacer cations, namely benzylammonium (BNA) and 1,4‐phenylenedimethanammonium (PDMA)—are investigated as model systems for the corresponding Ruddlesden‐Popper and Dion‐Jacobson phases based on (BNA) 2 FA n–1 Pb n I 3n+1 and (PDMA)FA n–1 Pb n I 3n+1 formulations ( n = 1–3), respectively. Moreover, the effect of Cs + cations on the formation of n &gt; 1 phases is explored through a combination of X‐ray scattering measurements, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, optoelectronic characterization, and density functional theory calculations. Despite improved photovoltaic performances, the formation of higher ( n &gt; 2) phases is excluded, even in the presence of Cs + , due to the favorable formation of other low‐dimensional phases revealed by the theoretical investigation. The results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of these materials of broad interest to their application in optoelectronics.
Are Holocene coseismic marine terrace sequences complete paleoseismic records? Rapid erosion of a new marine terrace created during the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake suggests not!
2025-07-03

Abstract Holocene coseismic marine terraces are used to reconstruct earthquake magnitude and frequency; however, coastal erosion can remove these terraces, compromising their reliability as paleoseismic records. Rates of terrace removal globally are unconstrained, and the extent to which flights of Holocene coseismic marine terraces contain complete paleoseismic records is unclear. On 14 November 2016, the magnitude (Mw) 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake in New Zealand caused instantaneous uplift of 0.8–1.0 m of intertidal shore platforms, creating a new marine terrace. Since 1974, a micro-erosion meter network has been used to determine erosion rates of these shore platforms, providing a unique opportunity to investigate how quickly a new marine terrace is destroyed. Lowering rates more than doubled from 0.944 mm/yr prior to 2016 to 2.556 mm/yr following uplift. Using a linear decay function starting at 2.556 mm/yr the new marine terrace will be removed from the landscape in 552 yr. When sea-level rise and interseismic subsidence are considered, the terrace may be removed in only 200 yr. A time window of ~200–550 yr is less than the return time of the earthquake that created the terrace, demonstrating that a new terrace can be eroded from the landscape before further uplift ensures preservation. Our findings clarify how Holocene coseismic terrace sequences present incomplete records of paleoseismicity, with significant implications for reconstructing earthquake magnitude and frequency on tectonically active coasts.
Creating Duality in Korea
2025-07-03

Abstract This article addresses the role of Samsung and social actors in forming and influencing structures creating a duality of structure. To that end, Samsung’s influence on the media and its image creation as well as people’s perceptions, knowledge, and resulting actions are analysed in the way they form a duality of structure using Anthony Giddens’ theory as foundation. Interviews and an online survey with Koreans and with experts from various fields were conducted. It will be shown that Samsung instrumentalises the media to influence its image, so the conglomerate creates structures which people can modify through their actions. Those actions are influenced by their knowledge and perceptions. Perceptions and, consequently, people’s actions are influenced by various aspects, such as physical-material, social-cultural, and subjective ones. Overall, the analysed group creates a positive picture of Samsung, which is also discussed.
HerediVar and HerediClassify: tools for streamlining genetic variant classification in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
2025-07-04

Abstract Background Multiple different evidence types as well as gene-specific variant classification guidelines need to be considered during the classification of variants, making the process complex. Therefore, tools that support variant classification by experts are urgently needed. Methods We present HerediVar a web application and HerediClassify a variant classification algorithm. The performance of HerediClassify was validated and compared to other variant classification tools. HerediClassify implements 19/28 variant classification criteria by the American College of Medical Genetics and gene-specific recommendations for ATM , BRCA1 , BRCA2 , CDH1 , PALB2 , PTEN , and TP53 . Results HerediVar offers modular annotation services and allows for collaboration in the classification of variants. On the validation dataset, HerediClassify shows an average F1-Score of 93% across all criteria. HerediClassify outperforms other automated variant classification tools like vaRHC and Cancer SIGVAR. Conclusion In HerediVar and HerediClassify we present a powerful solution to support variant classification in HBOC. Through their modular design, HerediVar and HerediClassify are easily extendable to other use cases and human genetic diagnostics as a whole.
High-Dimension Ionic Memory in Oscillating Ion Current Signals
2025-07-04

<title>Abstract</title> Nanopores provide controlled nanoconfinement that can be utilized to induce localized chemical reactions. Here we present a nanopore exhibiting memory in the frequency of ion current oscillations induced by the dynamic formation and removal of nanoprecipitates within the pore volume. We find that the onset and characteristics of these current oscillations depend on the direction of the voltage scan, with memory effects evidenced in the frequency of switching between high and low conductance states, and the probability of the pore to be in the open state. We have also emulated conductive synaptic switching behavior by applying voltage pulses, demonstrating the prospect of these nanopores for neuromorphic computing applications. A hypothesis is presented stating that the memory effects arise from the delayed formation and clearing of nanoprecipitates due to a spatial-temporal asymmetry, as well as from long term variations in the effective surface charge. We propose a model where precipitate formation is limited by the cation arrival rate. Our delayed logistic expression successfully recreates steady state and oscillatory features in the transmembrane current. Nanopores with memory encoded in the frequency of ion current oscillations emulate how the brain stores memory and open up a possibility for high-dimensional ionic memory for iontronics.
Children’s simultaneous or successive acquisition of vocabulary and grammar: Evidence from cross-situational learning
2025-07-04

Abstract Recent evidence from cross-situational learning (CSL) studies have shown that adult learners can acquire words and grammar simultaneously when sentences of the novel language co-occur with dynamic scenes to which they refer. Syntactic bootstrapping accounts suggest that grammatical knowledge may help scaffold vocabulary acquisition by constraining possible meanings, thus, for children, words and grammar may be acquired at different rates. Twenty children (ages 8 to 9) were exposed in a CSSL study to an artificial language comprising nouns, verbs, and case markers occurring within a verb-final grammatical structure. Children acquired syntax (i.e., word order) effectively, but we found no evidence of vocabulary learning, whereas previous adult studies showed learning of both from similar input. Grammatical information may thus be available early for children, to help constrain and support later vocabulary learning. We propose that gradual maturation of declarative memory systems may result in more effective vocabulary learning in adults.