julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
MPLS Network Actions: Technological Overview and P4-Based Implementation on a High-Speed Switching ASIC
2025-01-01

In MPLS, packets are encapsulated with labels that add domain-specific forwarding information. Special purpose labels were introduced to trigger special behavior in MPLS nodes but their number is limited. Therefore, the IETF proposed the MPLS Network Actions (MNA) framework. It extends MPLS with new features, some of which have already been defined to support relevant use cases. This paper provides a comprehensive technological overview of MNA concepts and use cases. It compares MNA to IPv6 extension headers (EHs) that serve a similar purpose, and argues that MNA can be better deployed than EHs. It then presents P4-MNA, a first hardware implementation running at 400 Gb/s per port. Scalability and performance of P4-MNA are evaluated, showing negligible impact on processing delay caused by network actions. Moreover, the applicability of MNA is demonstrated by implementing the use cases of link-specific packet loss measurement using the alternate-marking-method (AMM) and bandwidth reservation using network slicing. We identify header stacking constraints resulting from hardware resources and from the number of network actions that must be supported according to the MNA encoding. They make an implementation for hardware that can only parse a few MPLS headers infeasible. We propose to make the number of supported network actions a node parameter and signal this in the network. Then, an upgrade to MNA is also feasible for hardware with fewer available resources. We explain that for MNA with in-stack data (ISD), some header bits must remain unchanged during forwarding, and give an outlook on post-stack data (PSD).
Machine learning in biosignal analysis from wearable devices
2025-01-01

This review outlines key machine learning algorithms for biosignal analysis and offers guidance on model selection. Applications in neural, cardiovascular, and biochemical signal monitoring for health tracking and disease prediction are discussed.
One and only SNARC? Spatial-Numerical Associations are not fully flexible and depend on both relative and absolute number magnitude
2025-01-01

Numbers are associated with space, but it is unclear how flexible these associations are. We investigated whether the SNARC effect (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes; Dehaene et al . 1993 J. Exp. Psychol . 122 , 371–396. (doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.122.3.371 ); i.e. faster responses to small/large number magnitude with the left/right hand, respectively) is fully flexible (depending only on relative magnitude within a stimulus set) or not (depending on absolute magnitude as well). Evidence for relative-magnitude dependency came from studies observing that numbers 4 and 5 were associated with the right in a 0–5 range but with the left in a 4–9 range (Dehaene et al . 1993; Fias et al . 1996 Math. Cogn . 2 , 95–110 (doi: 10.1080/135467996387552 ). Within this Registered Report, we conducted two online experiments running Bayesian analyses with optional recruitment stopping at moderate evidence (BF 10 above 3 or below 1/3). Experiment 1 ( n = 200) replicated relative-magnitude dependency using the original stimuli. However, Experiment 2 ( n = 300) additionally demonstrated absolute-magnitude dependency, while considering recent advances in SNARC research using 1–5 excluding 3 and 4–8 excluding 6. In contrast to the frequently perpetuated notion of fully flexible Spatial-Numerical Associations, some fixed relation to absolute magnitude prevails. These findings have important consequences for understanding how Spatial-Numerical Associations might support numerical processing.
EEFSEC deficiency: A selenopathy with early-onset neurodegeneration
2025-01-01

Inborn errors of selenoprotein expression arise from deleterious variants in genes encoding selenoproteins or selenoprotein biosynthetic factors, some of which are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. This study shows that bi-allelic selenocysteine tRNA-specific eukaryotic elongation factor (EEFSEC) variants cause selenoprotein deficiency, leading to progressive neurodegeneration. EEFSEC deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder, manifests with global developmental delay, progressive spasticity, ataxia, and seizures. Cerebral MRI primarily demonstrated a cerebellar pathology, including hypoplasia and progressive atrophy. Exome or genome sequencing identified six different bi-allelic EEFSEC variants in nine individuals from eight unrelated families. These variants showed reduced EEFSEC function in vitro, leading to lower levels of selenoproteins in fibroblasts. In line with the clinical phenotype, an eEFSec-RNAi Drosophila model displays progressive impairment of motor function, which is reflected in the synaptic defects in this model organisms. This study identifies EEFSEC deficiency as an inborn error of selenocysteine metabolism. It reveals the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegeneration linked to selenoprotein metabolism, suggesting potential targeted therapies.
Tendon Transfer Procedures for Correction of Foot Drop Due to Injury to the Peripheral Nerves or Muscles
2025-01-01

Abstract Background Foot drop is a challenging condition that significantly impacts the affected patient's mobility and quality of life. Tendon transfer has emerged as a viable treatment option. We hereby present data of the tendon transfer procedures in patients with foot drop in our department. Besides a detailed description of our surgical technique, we also compare our results with those reported in the literature. Methods Data from 17 patients (11 males and 6 females) suffering from foot drop due to peripheral nerve or muscle lesions were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent tendon transfer procedures between 2017 and 2022. Assessed outcomes encompassed parameters such as strength of foot dorsiflexion, the necessity for postoperative orthotic devices, and patient satisfaction. Demographic data, the time elapsed from injury/illness to surgery, and the underlying causes of foot drop were collected. Results Postsurgery, 14 patients regained robust dorsiflexion strength (M4), while 2 exhibited slightly lower strength (M3) and 1 attained equal strength as on the unaffected side (M5). Corrective procedures were undertaken in five patients to address problems with tendon tension. After an average follow-up period of 11.9 months (± 9.13), 82.4% of patients reported a high level of satisfaction, although three patients experienced persistent foot inversion. Most patients (94.1%) no longer required orthotic devices following the operative procedure. Conclusion A tendon transfer procedure for correction of foot drop has proven to be a safe and effective treatment option, resulting in a high level of patient satisfaction and restoration of quality of life.
Linear criterion for an upper bound on the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer critical temperature
2025-01-01

Since Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity is non-linear, it is difficult to study superconducting properties analytically. There is a more tractable linear criterion which determines a temperature Tl below which the system is superconducting. Here, we observe that there is a similar linear criterion which gives a temperature Tu above which no superconductivity occurs. We provide examples of translation invariant systems where Tu &amp;gt; Tl as well as systems where Tu = Tl. Furthermore, we estimate Tu for half-spaces and show that it is exponentially small in the weak coupling limit, exhibiting the same asymptotics as the critical temperature for full space.
REM refines and rescues memory representations: a new theory
2025-01-01

Abstract Despite extensive evidence on the roles of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep in memory processing, a comprehensive model that integrates their complementary functions remains elusive due to a lack of mechanistic understanding of REM’s role in offline memory processing. We present the REM Refining and Rescuing (RnR) Hypothesis, which posits that the principal function of REM sleep is to increase the signal-to-noise ratio within and across memory representations. As such, REM sleep selectively enhances essential nodes within a memory representation while inhibiting the majority (Refine). Additionally, REM sleep modulates weak and strong memory representations so they fall within a similar range of recallability (Rescue). Across multiple NREM-REM cycles, tuning functions of individual memory traces get sharpened, allowing for integration of shared features across representations. We hypothesize that REM sleep’s unique cellular, neuromodulatory, and electrophysiological milieu, marked by greater inhibition and a mixed autonomic state of both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, underpins these processes. The RnR Hypothesis offers a unified framework that explains diverse behavioral and neural outcomes associated with REM sleep, paving the way for future research and a more comprehensive model of sleep-dependent cognitive functions.
Clinical Presentation and Course of Pulmonary Involvement in Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis
2025-01-01

Objective Pulmonary involvement in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is rare. Limited awareness results in diagnostic challenges, especially because malignancy or infection needs to be considered. Methods Based on a survey shared among centers participating in the Kerndokumentation Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum (Germany), this study investigated clinical and imaging presentations, demographic features, treatment response and outcomes of pulmonary involvement in CNO (pCNO). Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography images were read centrally by an experienced pediatric radiologist. Results Twenty‐two patients with pCNO were included in this study. Among patients with CNO, pulmonary involvement was more common in girls (91% vs 62.8%, P = 0.006) and patients with multifocal bone lesions (95% vs 65%, P &lt;0.001) but was not associated with systemic inflammation or additional organ involvement. Forty‐two pulmonary lesions were counted with a median of two per patient (two to six). They displayed a median size of 1.8 cm (0.3–4.0 cm) and followed mono‐ (40%) and oligo‐focal (60%) patterns representing consolidations or nodules, abutting the pleura in 50%. Although prominent hilar lymph nodes were present (in 19% of patients), no pathologic enlargement (&gt;1 cm) was seen. When available (3 of 22 patients), histology revealed granulomatous inflammation with lymphocyte infiltration. Development and courses of pCNO did not associate with treatments chosen. Complete remission was reported in 60% of patients, partial remission in 20%. Conclusion pCNO is usually asymptomatic. Although more common in girls and patients with multifocal CNO, pCNO is not associated with systemic parameters of inflammation or specific organ involvement. Prognosis of pCNO is favorable, and most lesions resolve over time. Thus, a careful watch‐and‐wait strategy may be appropriate.
Response to the critiques (and encouragements) on our critique of motivation constructs
2025-01-01

Abstract The target article argued that motivation constructs are treated as black boxes and called for work that specifies the mental computational processes underlying motivated behavior. In response to critical commentaries, we clarify our philosophical standpoint, elaborate on the meaning of mental computational processes and why past work was not sufficient, and discuss the opportunities to expand the scope of the framework.
Development and comprehensive clinical validation of a deep neural network for radiation dose modelling to enhance magnetic resonance imaging guided radiotherapy
2025-01-01

High median γ-PR and accurate modelling in both water phantom and clinical data demonstrate the high potential of neural networks for dose modelling. However, instances of lower γ-PR highlight the need for comprehensive test data, improved robustness and future built-in uncertainty estimation.
The family of tetranuclear Nb4OI12−x clusters (x = 0, 1, 2): from the molecular Nb4OI12 cluster to extended chains and layers
2025-01-01

Compounds with the [Nb 4 O] cluster core appear with different connectivities, all belonging to the Nb 4 OI 12− x family. The condensation of clusters and the increasing number of cluster electrons intensifies the semiconducting properties.
Successful implementation of evidence-based interventions—Factors to be considered
2025-01-01

Abstract A range of health behavior interventions demonstrate efficacy in controlled settings, but face challenges when it comes to real-world implementation. These challenges arise due to the variation in participant, implementation staff, and implementation organization needs and resources which influence intervention delivery and effectiveness outcomes of these evidence-based interventions. We present potential approaches and considerations to prevent common pitfalls throughout the process of evidence-based intervention adoption, implementation, and sustainment. This includes using program theory, active engagement, cultural considerations, and understanding the connection between strategies, mechanisms, and outcomes right from the beginning to diligently develop, evaluate, implement, and disseminate evidence-based interventions. These approaches will help behavioral medicine/health psychology implementation researchers to get one step closer to the holy grail: To integrate evidence-based interventions sustainably into programs, systems, policy, and environments to facilitate long-term health behavior change and better health.
Comparing the semantic structures of lexicon of Mandarin and English
2025-01-01

Abstract This paper presents a cross-language study of lexical semantics within the framework of distributional semantics. We used a wide range of predefined semantic categories in Mandarin and English and compared the clusterings of these categories using FastText word embeddings. Three techniques of dimensionality reduction were applied to mapping 300-dimensional FastText vectors into two-dimensional planes: multidimensional scaling, principal components analysis, and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. The results show that t-SNE provides the clearest clustering of semantic categories, improving markedly on PCA and MDS. In both languages, we observed similar differentiation between verbs, adjectives, and nouns as well as between concrete and abstract words. In addition, the methods applied in this study, especially Procrustes analysis, make it possible to trace subtle differences in the structure of the semantic lexicons of Mandarin and English.
Longitudinal analysis of anthropometric measures over 5 years in patients with Friedreich ataxia in the EFACTS natural history study
2025-01-01

Abstract Background Friedreich ataxia is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by frataxin deficiency. Both underweight and overweight occur in mitochondrial disorders, each with adverse health outcomes. We investigated the longitudinal evolution of anthropometric abnormalities in Friedreich ataxia and the hypothesis that both weight loss and weight gain are associated with faster disease progression. Methods Participants were drawn from the European Friedreich's Ataxia Consortium for Translational Studies (EFACTS). Age‐ and sex‐specific BMI and height scores were calculated using the KIGGS‐BMI percentiles for children. Height correction was applied for scoliosis. Longitudinal data were analysed using linear mixed effects models and incremental standard deviation scores and growth mixture models identified subclasses with varying BMI trajectories. Results Five hundred and forty‐three adults and fifty‐nine children were assessed for up to 5 years. In children, severe underweight (26%), underweight (7%), severe short stature (16%) and short stature (23%) were common. The corrected BMI percentile was stable in children, although 48% had negative incremental BMI scores over 1 year and 63% over 3 years versus 10%/year in a normal reference cohort. Overweight was common in adults (19%), with a slight increase in BMI over time. Longer GAA repeat size was linked to lower BMI in adults. Weight trajectory was not associated with ataxia progression in adults. Conclusion Significant anthropometric abnormalities were identified, with underweight and short stature prevalent in children and overweight in adults. These findings highlight the need for regular nutritional monitoring and interventions to manage underweight in children and promote healthy weight in adults.
Pre‐Fusion Shape Changes of Humeral Metaphyseal Surfaces: A New Method for Assessing Maturity and Age in Non‐Adult Skeletal Individuals
2025-01-01

ABSTRACT Objectives The current research delves into the use of 3D geometric morphometric for assessing shifts in maturity within both the proximal and distal humeral metaphyses. It mainly focuses on establishing correlations between these shifts and the shape changes observed in the corresponding epiphyses established through radiographic imaging. Material and Methods The total sample comprises 120 right‐side proximal humeral metaphyses and 91 right‐side distal humeral metaphyses. The entire sample was categorized into four maturity groups for the humeral distal metaphysis and five maturity groups for the humeral proximal metaphysis based on the appearance and subsequent changes in shape and size. All humeri were scanned using 3D surface scanning devices. Two different 3D template configurations were created to capture the shape changes during the development of the proximal and distal metaphyses. We conducted an analysis of shape (Procrustes shape coordinates) and an analysis on the form space in order to assess both maturity changes of humeral metaphyses and their interrelationship with size. Results The shape changes explained by PC1 are crucial in establishing the maturational sequence in both the distal and proximal metaphyses. These shape changes reflect the appearance and subsequent changes in shape and size of their corresponding epiphyses. Discussion and Conclusions There is a considerable overlap among different maturity groups related to the gradual nature of the maturational process. However, shape changes in proximal and distal humeral metaphyses are suitable to assess maturity in skeletal specimens.
Elevated blood glucose and unfavourable tuberculosis treatment outcomes in a low-income setting: findings from a prospective cohort study in Eswatini
2025-01-01

Introduction The increasing burden of diabetes mellitus in low- and middle-income countries negatively impacts tuberculosis control. To understand this dual burden in Eswatini, we describe the prevalence and predictors of elevated baseline blood glucose and unfavourable tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study at 11 health facilities in Eswatini and included adults ≥18 years commencing tuberculosis treatment. Blood glucose measurements were taken at baseline, months 2 and 5, and patients’ sociodemographic and clinical data were extracted. We computed the prevalence of elevated blood glucose and used logistic regression to determine the predictors of elevated baseline blood glucose and unfavourable treatment outcomes. Results Of 369 consecutively enrolled patients, the mean age was 38.4 (SD 12.9) years, and 202 (54.7%) were males. The prevalence of elevated baseline blood glucose was 8.0% (95% CI: 5.5, 11.3); 8.9% in males (95% CI: 5.6, 13.9); highest at ≥55 years (13.6%; 95% CI: 6.2, 27.3) and in patients with reactive HIV at 9.5% (95% CI: 6.5, 13.7). A family history of diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.80; 95% CI: 1.08, 7.32) and a reactive HIV status (AOR 4.62; 95% CI: 1.06, 20.11) significantly predicted elevated baseline blood glucose. Three-quarters (n=276, 75.4%) had a favourable tuberculosis treatment outcome; more males (n=59, 66%) had an unfavourable treatment outcome (p=0.020), the most common unfavourable outcome being death (n=34, 9.2%). Hypertension (AOR 4.84; 95% CI: 1.48, 15.7), unemployment (AOR 2.01; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.71) and high school education (AOR 0.32; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.64) were associated with unfavourable treatment outcome. Conclusion Our study shows the need to optimise care for patients receiving treatment for tuberculosis by integrating screening for and treatment of diabetes and hypertension, prioritising males, those aged ≥55 years and those with a reactive HIV status to limit unfavourable outcomes and death.
New-onset facial spasm is associated with treatment failure after radiosurgery in vestibular schwannoma
2025-01-01

Abstract Background New-onset facial spasm (NOFS) has been reported to be a post-therapeutic side effect, when treating vestibular schwannoma (VS) with radiosurgery (SRS) and has been linked to post-treatment pseudoprogression. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for developing NOFS after SRS treatment and to investigate NOFS as a clinical parameter for radiographic tumor response in VS. Methods This study included all consecutive patients of N = 1,998 between 2004 and 2020, which were treated with SRS identified by a prospective registry. Patient and tumor characteristics (ie, sex, age, tumor extension and size, and intracanalicular extension) were analyzed retrospectively. Statistical testing was performed with R Studio. Results The incidence of NOFS was 5% overall. In total, 62% were permanent NOFS, whereas 39% recovered spontaneously between 4 and 34 months, postinterventionally. The incidence of NOFS was unrelated to tumor volume—however, previous SRS increased the incidence of NOFS to 20%. In primary SRS therapy, facial spasm was associated with a higher recurrence rate compared to non-NOFS patients in the Kaplan–Meier analysis (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Tumor control decreased with increasing tumor size. The rate of pseudoprogression was higher in the group of transient NOFS at 39% compared to permanent NOFS at 18% (P = 0.032). Conclusions The risk of NOFS was significantly higher in recurrent compared to primary treatment (20% vs 5%) and the majority of NOFS was permanent. The incidence of permanent NOFS was significantly associated with treatment failure. Temporary NOFS was associated with pseudoprogression. Future analysis comparing the risk profile of either treatment option should include facial spasm as a significant VS-related postinterventional symptom. Patients with postinterventional NOFS should be followed-up long-term for higher risk of treatment failure.