julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity of Rare Substituted 1,2,3-Thiaselenazoles and Corresponding Matched Pair 1,2,3-Dithiazoles
2020-07-01

We report our investigations into the underlying differences between 1,2,3-dithiazole and their ultra-rare counterpart, 1,2,3-thiaselenazole. This rare 1,2,3-thiaselenazole chemotype was afforded by sulfur extrusion and selenium insertion into the preconstructed 1,2,3-dithiazoles. We built a library of matched paired compounds to compare and contrast the two ring systems. This led to the development of both narrow and broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds with sub-micro molar potency, limited to no toxicity and a further understanding of the transition state electronics through molecular simulations. We also identified the potent 4,5,6-trichlorocyclopenta[d][1,2,3]thiaselenazole 11a, for use against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, all of which have limited clinical treatment options. The 1,2,3-thiaselenazole represents a new class of potential compounds for the treatment of a host of multi-resistant hospital derived infections.
The Flip Tilt Illusion: Visible in Peripheral Vision as Predicted by the Central-Peripheral Dichotomy
2020-07-01

Consider a gray field comprising pairs of vertically aligned dots; in each pair, one dot is white the other black. When viewed in a peripheral visual field, these pairs appear horizontally aligned. By the Central-Peripheral Dichotomy, this flip tilt illusion arises because top-down feedback from higher to lower visual cortical areas is too weak or absent in the periphery to veto confounded feedforward signals from the primary visual cortex (V1). The white and black dots in each pair activate, respectively, on and off subfields of V1 neural receptive fields. However, the sub-fields’ orientations, and the preferred orientations, of the most activated neurons are orthogonal to the dot alignment. Hence, V1 reports the flip tilt to higher visual areas. Top-down feedback vetoes such misleading reports, but only in the central visual field.
Association of sleep characteristics with adiposity markers in children
2020-07-01

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence suggests a relationship between sleep alterations and overweight/obesity in children. Our aim was to investigate the association of sleep measures other than obstructive sleep apnea or sleep duration with overweight/obesity and metabolic function in children. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in school- aged children (aged 5 to 8 years, prepubertal, and 12 to 15 years, pubertal) with overweight/obesity and normal-weight children. All children underwent a standardized in-laboratory polysomnography followed by a fasting blood assessment for glucose and metabolic testing. Subjective sleep measures were investigated by a 7-day sleep diary and questionnaire. We analyzed prepubertal and pubertal groups separately using logistic regression and partial correlation analyses. Results A total of 151 participants were analyzed. Overweight/obese children had significantly higher odds for arousal index (prepubertal children: 1.28, Confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.67; pubertal children: 1.65, CI: 1.19, 2.29) than normal-weight children, independent of age and gender. In prepubertal children, arousal-index was positively associated with C-peptide (r=0.30, p=0.01), whereas Minimum O2 saturation was negatively associated with triglycerides (r=−0.34, p=0.005), adjusting for age and sex. However, associations were attenuated by further adjustment for body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS). In pubertal children, higher level of apnea-hypopnea-index and pCO2 predicted increased lipoprotein (a) levels (r=0.35, p=0.03 and r=0.40, p=0.01, respectively), independent of age, sex, and BMI-SDS. A negative association was found between pCO2 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (r=−0.40, p=0.01). Conclusions Overall, we report that sleep quality as measured by arousal index may be compromised by overweight and obesity in children and warrants attention in future intervention programs.
ISO-ChaI 52: a weakly accreting young stellar object with a dipper light curve
2020-07-01

We report the discovery of periodic dips in the multiband light curve of ISO-ChaI 52, a young stellar object in the Chamaeleon I dark cloud. This is one of the peculiar objects that display very low or negligible accretion in their UV continuum and spectral lines, although they present a remarkable infrared excess emission characteristic of optically thick circumstellar disks. We have analyzed a spectrum obtained at the Very Large Telescope with the X-shooter spectrograph with the tool ROTFIT to determine the stellar parameters. The latter, along with photometry from our campaign with the Rapid Eye Mount telescope and from the literature, have allowed us to model the spectral energy distribution and to estimate the size and temperature of the inner and outer disk. Based on the rotational period of the star-disk system of 3.45 days, we estimate a disk inclination of 36°. The depth of the dips in different bands has been used to gain information about the occulting material. A single extinction law is not able to fit the observed behavior, while a two-component model of a disk warp composed of a dense region with a gray extinction and an upper layer with an extinction as in the interstellar medium provides a better fit to the data.
Progression of the late-stage divisome is unaffected by the depletion of the cytoplasmic FtsZ pool
2020-07-01

Abstract Cell division is a central and essential process in most bacteria, and also due to its complexity and highly coordinated nature, it has emerged as a promising new antibiotic target pathway in recent years. We have previously shown that ADEP antibiotics preferably induce the degradation of the major cell division protein FtsZ, thereby primarily leading to a depletion of the cytoplasmic FtsZ pool that is needed for treadmilling FtsZ rings. To further investigate the physiological consequences of ADEP treatment, we here studied the effect of ADEP on the different stages of the FtsZ ring in rod-shaped bacteria. Our data reveal the disintegration of early FtsZ rings during ADEP treatment in Bacillus subtilis , indicating an essential role of the cytoplasmic FtsZ pool and thus FtsZ ring dynamics during initiation and maturation of the divisome. However, progressed FtsZ rings finalized cytokinesis once the septal peptidoglycan synthase PBP2b, a late stage cell division protein, colocalized at the division site, thus implying that the concentration of the cytoplasmic FtsZ pool and FtsZ ring dynamics are less critical during the late stages of divisome assembly and progression.
Local treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genital tract: Expert consensus from the Children’s Oncology Group (COG), European Soft Tissue Sarcoma Group (EpSSG), and the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS)
2020-07-01

Background The International Soft Tissue Sarcoma Consortium (INSTRuCT) was founded as an international collaboration between different pediatric soft tissue sarcoma cooperative groups (COG, EpSSG, CWS). Besides other tasks, a major goal of the INSTRuCT is to develop consensus expert opinions for best clinical treatment. This consensus paper for patients with rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genital tract (FGU-RMS) provides treatment recommendations for local treatment, long term follow up and fertility preservation. Methods Review of the current literature was combined with recommendations of the treatment protocols of the appropriate clinical trials. Additionally, opinions of international FGU-RMS experts were incorporated into recommendations. Results The prognosis of FGU-RMS is favorable with an excellent response to chemotherapy. Initial complete surgical resection is not indicated, but diagnosis should be established properly. In patients with tumors localized at the vagina or cervix demonstrating incomplete response after induction chemotherapy, local radiotherapy (brachytherapy) should be carried out. In patients with persistent tumors at the corpus uteri, hysterectomy should be performed. Fertility preservation should be considered in all patients. Conclusion For the first time, an international consensus for the treatment of FGU-RMS patients could be achieved, which will help to harmonize the treatment in different study groups.
Approach to the Core Structure of Streptosetin A
2020-07-01

Abstract Streptosetin A belongs to the 3‐decalinoyltetramic acids. In contrast to most of other known natural products of this type, the decalin part features a β‐hydroxyketone subunit, making an intramolecular cycloaddition approach less suitable. We examined an approach where the decalin part would be fashioned by an intramolecular aldol addition. By using a Diels‐Alder reaction between the Rawal diene and a substituted methacrylate, a cyclohexanone was obtained. An organocuprate addition introduced the ethyl substituent before, the side chain was converted to an enal. However, contrary to our expectations, the aldol reaction led to the condensation product. Other routes to reach the key cyclohexanone were also investigated.
A rare cause of pneumoperitoneum due to clostridium perfringens in a cirrhotic patient
2020-07-01

Gas gangrene is a rare differential diagnosis to bowel perforation. Most reported cases are from cirrhotic patients. If no perforation can be identified in the OR postoperative antibiotics should cover clostridium perfringens.
Deep Sedation in a Patient Undergoing Transfemoral Tricuspid Valve Repair Using the PASCAL System
2020-07-01

A 70-year-old man with severe tricuspid regurgitation and large coaptation gap (0.8 cm) was referred to transfemoral valve repair using the PASCAL system. The procedure was successful in reducing tricuspid regurgitation. The PASCAL device facilitated maximum leaflet insertion and to span large coaptation gap in severe tricuspid regurgitation without ventilation maneuvers under general anesthesia. (<b>Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.</b>).
Appropriating the abject: Witchcraft in Dario Argento and Daria Nicolodi’s Suspiria (1977) and David Kajganich and Luca Guadagnino’s 2018 remake
2020-07-01

This article explores representations of witchcraft in relation to Julia Kristeva’s 1980 essay Powers of Horror . It begins by investigating the genesis of Dario Argento and Daria Nicolodi’s depiction of witchcraft in their 1977 horror film Suspiria , drawing on historical studies of witchcraft by Ronald Hutton and Marion Gibson. In particular, it examines the characterization of the witches’ coven as an all-female, all-powerful death cult – before proposing that Kristeva’s essay on the abject can be seen to explain this specific conceptualization, in line with Barbara Creed’s analysis of how horror film has inherited the role of ‘purifying’ the abject from religious ritual. The second half of this article then focuses on David Kajganich and Luca remake of Suspiria , reflecting on how the later film can be seen to attempt to redeem the association between witchcraft and abjectness. In doing so, this article reflects on how the attempt to rescue the witch while maintaining an association with the abject is contiguous with other contemporary depictions of witchcraft. It is proposed that such efforts amount to a Foucauldian attempt at a ‘reverse discourse’ celebrating the subversive potential of an initially derogatory identity formation – but that Kristeva’s writing points to the limitations of appropriating the abject in this way.
Initial Feasibility and Clinical Implementation of Daily MR-guided Adaptive Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy on a 1.5T MR-Linac System: Prospective R-IDEAL 2a/2b Systematic Clinical Evaluation of Technical Innovation
2020-07-01

Abstract Introduction This prospective study is the first report of daily adaptive radiotherapy (ART) for head &amp; neck cancers (HNC) using a 1.5T MR-linac, with particular focus on safety &amp; feasibility and dosimetric results of an on-line rigid registration-based adapt-to-position (ATP) workflow. Methods Ten HNC patients received daily ART on a 1.5T/7MV MR-linac, six using ATP only and four using ATP with one off-line adapt-to-shape re-plan. Setup variability with custom immobilization masks was assessed by calculating the average systematic error (M), standard deviation of the systematic error (∑), and standard deviation of the random error (σ) of the isocenter shifts. Quality assurance was performed with a cylindrical diode array using 3%/3mm γ criteria. Adaptive treatment plans were summed for each patient to compare delivered dose with planned dose from the reference plan. The impact of dosimetric variability between adaptive fractions on the summation plan doses was assessed by tracking the number of optimization constraint violations at each individual fraction. Results The random errors (mm) for the x, y, and z isocenter shifts, respectively, were M = − 0.3, 0.7, 0.1; ∑ = 3.3, 2.6, 1.4; and σ = 1.7, 2.9, 1.0. The median γ pass rate was 99.9% (range: 90.9%-100%). The differences between the reference and summation plan doses were within [-0.61%, 1.78%] for the CTV and [-11.74%, 8.11%] for organs at risk (OARs), though percent increases in OAR dose above 2% only occurred in three cases, each for a single OAR. All cases had at least two fractions with one or more constraint violations. However, in nearly all instances, constraints were still met in the summation plan despite multiple single-fraction violations. Conclusion Daily ART on a 1.5T MR-linac using an on-line ATP workflow is safe and clinically feasible for HNC and results in delivered doses consistent with planned doses.
Affective Cortical Asymmetry at the Early Developmental Emergence of Emotional Expression
2020-07-01

Abstract Emotions have an important survival function. Vast amounts of research have demonstrated how affect-related changes in physiology promote survival by effecting short-term and long-term changes in adaptive behavior. However, if emotions truly serve such an inherent function, they should be pervasive across species and be established early in life. Here, using electroencephalographic (EEG) brain activity we sought to characterize core neurophysiological features underlying affective function at the emergence of emotional expression [i.e., at the developmental age when human infants start to show reliable stimulus-elicited emotional states (4–6 months)]. Using an approach that eschews traditional EEG frequency band delineations (like theta, alpha), we demonstrate that negative emotional states induce a strong right hemispheric increase in the prominence of the resonant frequency (∼5–6 Hz) in the infant frontal EEG. Increased rightward asymmetry was strongly correlated with increased heart rate responses to emotionally negative states compared with neutral states. We conclude that functional frontal asymmetry is a key component of emotional processing and suggest that the rightward asymmetry in prominence of the resonant frequency during negative emotional states might reflect functional asymmetry in the central representation of anatomically driven asymmetry in the autonomic nervous system. Our findings indicate that the specific mode hallmarking emotional processing in the frontal cortex is established in parallel with the emergence of stable emotional states very early during development, despite the well known protracted maturation of frontal cortex.
Work-matched High-intensity Interval And Moderate-intensity Continuous Training Adaptations On 17 Lactate Threshold Methods In Females
2020-07-01

PURPOSE: to compare exercise training effects on 17 lactate threshold methods to 6 weeks (3x/week) of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in females. METHODS: 24 healthy sedentary females (mean ± SD: peak oxygen uptake 30.0 ± 3.2 mLᐧkg-1ᐧmin-1, peak power output 151 ± 21 W, body mass index 23.4 ± 2.6 kgᐧm-2) were randomly assigned to either HIIT or MICT. Participants performed a step-incremental test on a cycle ergometer (3-min stages of 25-W increments, starting at 25 W) pre- and post-training. The HIIT group (N = 12) performed a 10-min warm-up (power output (PO) at 70% of the maximal heart rate (HRmax)), and four 4-min intervals (PO at 90% HRmax) interspersed with 4-min recovery at 30 W. The MICT group (N = 12) performed 60-min continuous cycling (PO at 90% of the first lactate turning-point (LT1)). Lactate thresholds were analyzed as: Log-log, onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA, N = 5), fixed value above baseline (Bsln+, N = 3), Dmax and its modified versions (N = 5), lactate turning-points (LT1 and LT2), and the minimal lactate-intensity ratio (LTratio). A two-way analysis of variance was used to test differences within (post versus pre) and between groups. Additionally, the width of confidence intervals (CIwidth) from the delta change was calculated for each method and group. RESULTS: In the HIIT group, the intensity derived from all the methods significantly increased after training (p < 0.01), except for LTratio (p = 0.6). In the MICT group, the intensity from OBLA, Bsln+, and the modified Dmax methods significantly increased after training (p < 0.05), whereas Log-log, Dmax, LT1, LT2, and LTratio did not improve significantly (p > 0.05). The HIIT group showed a higher increase in intensity from the Dmax methods, and in LT1 and LT2 compared with the MICT group (p < 0.05). No differences were observed between the groups in the improvements of Log-log, OBLA, Bsln+, and LTratio. OBLA at 3.5 and 4.0 mM, and Dmax presented the narrowest CIwidth (range 7 - 12 W), while Bsln+ 0.5 mM, Bsln+ 1.0 mM, and Log-log had the widest CIwidth (range 24 - 32 W). CONCLUSIONS: In healthy sedentary females, improvements of the Dmax methods, LT1, and LT2 were superior in the HIIT group. The lowest intra-individual variability in response to training was observed in the Dmax and OBLA at 3.5 and 4.0 mM methods.
Functional Movement Screen: Single Items For Injury Prediction Of Physical Education And Exercise Science Students.
2020-07-01

Screening tools for the individual risk of injury in athletes have gained high popularity lately. Not only professional athletes, but also college students are in need for cost efficient and quick screening tools to allow targeted injury prevention. The applicability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) as a valid screening tool for injury prediction among various populations has been evaluated in several studies. Most studies have drawn their conclusions from the composite score. Only a few studies have examined the validity of single items for injury prediction. In addition, gender differences have only been taken into account to a limited extent. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the applicability of the FMS composite score and its seven single items for the sex-specific prediction of injury among German physical education and exercise science students. METHODS: Overall, N = 99 physical active college students (female: 53, male: 46) between 18-29 years of age were recruited. All participants performed a FMS at the beginning of two consecutive semesters. All injuries were recorded monthly for the entire semester. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were used to estimate an optimal cut-off score for females and males separately and to assess the ability of the FMS sum score to predict an injury. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess odds ratios for the chance of injury related to single items of the FMS. RESULTS: The ROC curves indicated moderate ability in the injury prediction for women (AUC: 0.66, p= 0.02) and poor injury prediction for men (AUC: 0.40, p= 0.19). However no satisfying cut-off score could be determined for any gender due to poor sensitivity and specificity. The logistic regressions revealed the Deep Squat (DS) to be significant for women (p= 0.03, OR= 0.2). CONCLUSION: The FMS is frequently cited as a useful screening tool for subsequent injury. In this regard, cut-off values are used to identify persons at high risk for injury. The DS was the only significant single item for women in this study, but had no strong prediction effect. Results of this study cannot provide solid gender-specific recommendations for the use of the FMS composite score or single items as an injury screening tool for German physical education and sports science students.
Variational Bayes in Private Settings (VIPS) (Extended Abstract)
2020-07-01

Many applications of Bayesian data analysis involve sensitive information such as personal documents or medical records, motivating methods which ensure that privacy is protected. We introduce a general privacy-preserving framework for Variational Bayes (VB), a widely used optimization-based Bayesian inference method. Our framework respects differential privacy, the gold-standard privacy criterion. The iterative nature of variational Bayes presents a challenge since iterations increase the amount of noise needed to ensure privacy. We overcome this by combining: (1) an improved composition method, called the moments accountant, and (2) the privacy amplification effect of subsampling mini-batches from large-scale data in stochastic learning. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on LDA topic models, evaluated on Wikipedia. In the full paper we extend our method to a broad class of models, including Bayesian logistic regression and sigmoid belief networks.
Development And Reliability Of A Comprehensive Test Battery For Performance Diagnostic In Team Sports
2020-07-01

Team sports are characterized by complex coordinative and conditional abilities that are prerequisites for optimal performance and injury prevention of the athletes. To assess these abilities, comprehensive and reliable tests are needed. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of team-sports specific performance tests and to optimize test execution with respect to test quality. METHODS: Single-limb standing balance (SB_left, SB_right), straight-line sprint over 10 m (SLS_10), foot tapping test over 3 and 15 s (FTT_3 and FTT_15), Countermovement Jump (CMJ) and Drop Jump (DJ) were evaluated. 16 healthy students (8 males, 8 females) participated in the study, which was conducted in two waves with n=8 each. From the findings of study 1 (s1), test execution modifications for 3 of 6 tests were defined in study 2 (s2). Therefore SLS_10, FFT_3 and FFT_15 were analyzed with n=16. Results of SB, CMJ and DJ refer separately to s1 and s2. Test-retest was assessed on two occasions within 1 week. Reliability was analyzed by use of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95%-limits of agreement (LoA). Classification of reliability was based on the following ICC values: <0.5: poor, 0.5 < 0.75: moderate, 0.75 < 0.90: good, >0.90 excellent. RESULTS: The overall ICC indicate an excellent reliability for SLS_10 (ICC 0.93; LoA -0.1 to 0.1 s). FTT_15 and FTT_3 show moderate to good reliability (FTT_15: ICC 0.74; LoA -1.4 to 0.8 Hz; FTT_3: ICC 0.77; LoA -1.4 to 0.9 Hz). CMJ demonstrate an excellent reliability for both studies with ICC 0.92 (s1) vs. 0.93 (s2) and LoA -2.5 to 6.2 cm (s1) vs. -1.2 to 4.5 cm (s2). SB_left (s1: ICC 0.66; LoA -139.2 to 199.1 mm; s2: ICC 0.68; LoA -97.6 to 83.8 mm) and SB_right (s1: ICC 0.61; LoA -70.8 to 200.7 mm; s2: ICC 0.67; LoA -81.9 to 111.4 mm) indicate a moderate reliability and DJ a good reliability (s1: ICC 0.77; LoA -5.6 to 7.4 cm; s2: ICC 0.81; LoA -5.2 to 5.4 cm) in both study groups. CONCLUSION: Except for tests of standing balance, all other tests revealed a good to excellent test-retest reliability by use of ICC with SLS_10 and CMJ as the outstanding tests. Test modifications towards s2 led to slight improvements in reliability. However LoA reveal remarkable intra-individual variations between s1 and s2 which should be kept in mind when testing and rating an athlete’s performance.