julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
What she looks like: on the recognition and iconization of the virgin mary at apparition sites in the twentieth century
2013-11-14

Knowledge about Mary's appearance, which shapes apparition experiences, is transmitted primarily via well-known images, which themselves are increasingly representations of visions. Though there has been increased homogenization of images of Mary in the twentieth century resulting from template distribution and the way the psychology of recognition works, Mary is still consistently made specific to a place, to carry uniquely identifiable features which may also articulate local political and theological stances. As long as the apparitions are still taking place, these features may be in flux; the process by which they jell is termed “iconization,” the social process of agreeing on one image as the recognizable face of Mary at a certain apparition site. Medjugorje, the most important active Marian apparition site since the late twentieth century, is unique in that several images compete there for iconic status. Though power structures play an important role in determining which images become icons, this essay emphasizes the balancing act between universal and particular traits which constrains the options of the key players producing the images.
Real-time method for motion-compensated MR thermometry and MRgHIFU treatment in abdominal organs
2013-11-14

The presented method demonstrated in moving phantoms and breathing sheep accurate motion-compensated MR thermometry and precise HIFU focal point lock-on target using only real-time pencil-beam navigator tracking information, making it applicable without any pretreatment data acquisition or organ motion modeling.
Towards higher accuracy and better frequency response with standard multi-hole probes in turbulence measurement with Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA)
2013-11-14

Abstract. This study deals with the problem of turbulence measurement with small remotely piloted aircraft (RPA). It shows how multi-hole probes (MHPs) can be used to measure fluctuating parts of the airflow in flight up to 20 Hz. Accurate measurement of the transient wind in the outdoor environment is needed for the estimation of the 3-D wind vector as well as fluxes of heat, momentum, water vapour, etc. In comparison to an established MHP system, experiments were done to show how developments of the system setup can improve data quality. The study includes a re-evaluation of the pneumatic tubing setup, the conversion from pressures to airspeed, the pressure transducers, and the data acquisition system. In each of these fields, the steps that were taken lead to significant improvements. A spectral analysis of airspeed data obtained in flight tests shows the capability of the system to measure atmospheric turbulence up to the desired frequency range.
Dative Bonds in Main‐Group Compounds: A Case for Fewer Arrows!
2013-11-15

Risky business? The use of dative bonds to describe the electronic structure of main-group compounds has come into vogue in recent years. But where are the limits? When does the description as a dative bond make sense and when is this view misleading? This Essay develops the idea on the basis of current examples.
GRHydro: a new open-source general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics code for the Einstein toolkit
2013-11-15

We present the new general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD)\\ncapabilities of the Einstein Toolkit, an open-source community-driven numerical\\nrelativity and computational relativistic astrophysics code. The GRMHD\\nextension of the Toolkit builds upon previous releases and implements the\\nevolution of relativistic magnetised fluids in the ideal MHD limit in fully\\ndynamical spacetimes using the same shock-capturing techniques previously\\napplied to hydrodynamical evolution. In order to maintain the divergence-free\\ncharacter of the magnetic field, the code implements both hyperbolic divergence\\ncleaning and constrained transport schemes. We present test results for a\\nnumber of MHD tests in Minkowski and curved spacetimes. Minkowski tests include\\naligned and oblique planar shocks, cylindrical explosions, magnetic rotors,\\nAlfv\\\\'en waves and advected loops, as well as a set of tests designed to study\\nthe response of the divergence cleaning scheme to numerically generated\\nmonopoles. We study the code's performance in curved spacetimes with spherical\\naccretion onto a black hole on a fixed background spacetime and in fully\\ndynamical spacetimes by evolutions of a magnetised polytropic neutron star and\\nof the collapse of a magnetised stellar core. Our results agree well with exact\\nsolutions where these are available and we demonstrate convergence. All code\\nand input files used to generate the results are available on\\nhttp://einsteintoolkit.org. This makes our work fully reproducible and provides\\nnew users with an introduction to applications of the code.\\n
Electron Transfer between Iron Minerals and Quinones: Estimating the Reduction Potential of the Fe(II)-Goethite Surface from AQDS Speciation
2013-11-15

Redox reactions at iron mineral surfaces play an important role in controlling biogeochemical processes of natural porous media such as sediments, soils and aquifers, especially in the presence of recurrent variations in redox conditions. Ferrous iron associated with iron mineral phases forms highly reactive species and is regarded as a key factor in determining pathways, rates, and extent of chemically and microbially driven electron transfer processes across the iron mineral-water interface. Due to their transient nature and heterogeneity a detailed characterization of such surface bound Fe(II) species in terms of redox potential is still missing. To this end, we used the nonsorbing anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) as a redox probe and studied the thermodynamics of its redox reactions in heterogeneous iron systems, namely goethite-Fe(II). Our results provide a thermodynamic basis for and are consistent with earlier observations on the ability of AQDS to "shuttle" electrons between microbes and iron oxide minerals. On the basis of equilibrium AQDS speciation we reported for the first time robust reduction potential measurements of reactive iron species present at goethite in aqueous systems (EH,Fe-GT ≈ -170 mV). Due to the high redox buffer intensity of heterogeneous mixed valent iron systems, this value might be characteristic for many iron-reducing environments in the subsurface at circumneutral pH. Our results corroborate the picture of a dynamic remodelling of Fe(II)/Fe(III) surface sites at goethite in response to oxidation/reduction events. As quinones play an essential role in the electron transport systems of microbes, the proposed method can be considered as a biomimetic approach to determine "effective" biogeochemical reduction potentials in heterogeneous iron systems.
Acid Sphingomyelinase Regulates Platelet Cell Membrane Scrambling, Secretion, and Thrombus Formation
2013-11-15

Objective— Platelet activation is essential for primary hemostasis and acute thrombotic vascular occlusions. On activation, platelets release their prothrombotic granules and expose phosphatidylserine, thus fostering thrombin generation and thrombus formation. In other cell types, both degranulation and phosphatidylserine exposure are modified by sphingomyelinase-dependent formation of ceramide. The present study thus explored whether acid sphingomyelinase participates in the regulation of platelet secretion, phosphatidylserine exposure, and thrombus formation. Approach and Results— Collagen-related peptide–induced or thrombin-induced ATP release and P-selectin exposure were significantly blunted in platelets from Asm-deficient mice ( Smpd1 −/− ) when compared with platelets from wild-type mice ( Smpd1 +/+ ). Moreover, phosphatidylserine exposure and thrombin generation were significantly less pronounced in Smpd1 −/− platelets than in Smpd1 +/+ platelets. In contrast, platelet integrin α IIb β 3 activation and aggregation, as well as activation-dependent Ca 2+ flux, were not significantly different between Smpd1 −/− and Smpd1 +/+ platelets. In vitro thrombus formation at shear rates of 1700 s −1 and in vivo thrombus formation after FeCl 3 injury were significantly blunted in Smpd1 −/− mice while bleeding time was unaffected. Asm-deficient platelets showed significantly reduced activation-dependent ceramide formation, whereas exogenous ceramide rescued diminished platelet secretion and thrombus formation caused by Asm deficiency. Treatment of Smpd1 +/+ platelets with bacterial sphingomyelinase (0.01 U/mL) increased, whereas treatment with functional acid sphingomyelinase-inhibitors, amitriptyline or fluoxetine (5 μmol/L), blunted activation-dependent platelet degranulation, phosphatidylserine exposure, and thrombus formation. Impaired degranulation and thrombus formation of Smpd1 −/− platelets were again overcome by exogenous bacterial sphingomyelinase. Conclusions— Acid sphingomyelinase is a completely novel element in the regulation of platelet plasma membrane properties, secretion, and thrombus formation.
Perfusion measurements of the calf in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty using Mr arterial spin labeling
2013-11-15

Purpose To evaluate muscle perfusion in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the limb by means of MR arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion measurements during reactive hyperemia. Materials and Methods Ten patients with symptomatic PAOD affecting the iliac or femoral vessels were investigated before and after PTA. A pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) MR technique was applied. Perfusion was measured in soleus and tibialis anterior muscle during reactive hyperemia. Key parameters such as mean perfusion value (P hyp ), time‐to‐peak (TTP) and duration of hyperemia (T hyp ) describing the perfusion signal curve were examined. Results Between baseline and post‐PTA, P hyp increased in both muscle groups. At the same time, TTP and T hyp decreased in both muscle groups. At the same time the clinically assessed ankle brachial index (ABI) increased from 0.56 ± 0.10 to 0.83 ± 0.15. The impaired pain‐free walking distance improved in all patients. Conclusion PCASL MRI can detect changes of the key perfusion parameters P hyp , TTP, and T hyp after successful PTA of the calf muscles during reactive hyperemia and seems to be a promising tool for monitoring of interventional treatments. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:980–987 . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .
Specific impairment of functional connectivity between language regions in former early preterms
2013-11-15

Very preterm (PT) birth (≤32 weeks of gestation) carries a high risk for an adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. In recent years, the importance of neurocognitive deficits in the language domain has been increasingly recognized, which can be well-characterized using neuropsychological testing and noninvasive imaging approaches. We compared former early PT born children and adolescents (PT, n = 29, 20M) and typically developing children (TD, n = 19, 7M), using conventional fMRI group analyses as well as functional connectivity analyses. We found only small regions with significantly different group activation (PT > TD) but significantly stronger connectivity between superior temporal lobe (STL) language regions in TD participants. There were also significant differences in local and global network efficiency (TD > PT). Surprisingly, there was a stronger connectivity of STL regions with non-STL regions both intrahemispherically and interhemispherically in PT participants, suggesting the coexistence of reduced and increased connectivity in the language network of former PTs. Very similar results were obtained when using task-based versus resting state functional connectivity approaches. Finally, lateralization of functional connectivity correlated with verbal comprehension abilities, suggesting that a more bilateral language comprehension representation is associated with better performance. Our results underline the importance of interhemispheric crosstalk for language comprehension.
Monte Carlo radiation transfer in CV disk winds: application to the AM CVn prototype
2013-11-15

\\n Context. AM CVn systems are ultracompact binaries in which a (semi-)\\n degenerate star transfers helium-dominated matter onto a white dwarf. They are effective\\n gravitational-wave emitters and potential progenitors of Type Ia supernovae.\\n Aims. To understand the evolution of AM CVn systems it is necessary to\\n determine their mass-loss rate through their radiation-driven accretion-disk wind. We\\n constructed models to perform quantitative spectroscopy of P Cygni line profiles that were\\n detected in UV spectra.\\n Methods. We performed 2.5D Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations\\n in hydrodynamic wind structures by making use of realistic NLTE spectra from the accretion\\n disk and by accounting for the white dwarf as an additional photon source.\\n Results. We present first results from calculations in which LTE\\n opacities are used in the wind model. A comparison with UV spectroscopy of the AM CVn\\n prototype shows that the modeling procedure is potentially a good tool for determining\\n mass-loss rates and abundances of trace metals in the helium-rich wind.\\n
HLA Ligandome Analysis Of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), Revealed Novel Tumor Associated Antigens For Peptide Based Immunotherapy
2013-11-15

Abstract Despite the success of targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains largely incurable, most likely due to the treatment resistance of leukemic stem cells. Specific T-cell based immunotherapies for patients with CML might be able to eliminate these residual CML cells. For this goal the identification of tumor associated HLA-presented peptides, which are able to induce a tumor-specific T cell response, is indispensable. However, only few tumor associated antigens for CML are described till date. Thus the aim of this study was to identify for the first time naturally processed and presented HLA ligands from the cell surface of primary CML cells. HLA class I ligands from primary CML cells as well as from bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMNCs) and peripheral blood PBMCs of healthy donors were analyzed using the approach of direct isolation and identification of naturally presented HLA peptides by affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). LC-MS/MS peptide analysis provided qualitative and semi-quantitative information regarding the composition of the respective ligandomes. Comparative analysis of malignant and benign samples served to identify ligandome-derived tumor associated antigens (LiTAAs) and to select peptide vaccine candidates. So far 10 CML patients (8 chronic phase, 2 accelerated phase) and 30 healthy donors were analyzed within this study. We were able to identify a total of more than 8200 CML derived HLA ligands representing &gt;4500 different source proteins, of which 734 were exclusively represented in CML, but not in healthy PBMCs/BMNCs. 55 of these CML exclusive antigens are presented on 3 or more of all examined CML patients, representing, as broadly represented LiTAAs, promising targets for peptide vaccination. For the first time, previously predicted CML tumor associated antigens for example Myeloperoxidase (10 peptide sequences on 7 CML patients) and Proteinase 3 (5 peptide sequences on 4 CML patients) were here confirmed by direct elution from primary CML cells, which also served to validate our methodological approach. Notably, beyond that we also identified a vast array of novel proteins (e.g. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8, CEACAM8; Matrix metallopeptidase 8, MMP8; intracellular adhesion molecule 3, ICAM3) that are broadly and exclusively represented in the ligandome of CML cells. By providing for the first time HLA class I tumor associated antigens, directly obtained from the HLA ligandomes of CML patients, this study may pave the way for the future development of a multipeptide-based immunotherapy approach to eradicate residual CML cells after conventional TKI therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Bone Turnover In Multiple Myeloma: Impact Of Bortezomib-Based Induction Therapy, High-Dose Melphalan, and Lenalidomide Consolidation On Osteoblast and Osteoclast Function Within The GMMG-MM5 Trial
2013-11-15

Abstract Introduction In multiple myeloma, initially, there are increased numbers of osteoclasts showing increased activity, but bone formation by osteoblasts is keeping step. In later stages, parts of the bone remodeling compartments are disrupted by the interaction with myeloma cells leading to increased bone resorption which can no longer be compensated (myeloma bone disease, uncoupling of bone formation and bone resorption). Lenalidomide and bortezomib have been shown to target both, myeloma cells and the microenvironment: lenalidomide inhibits osteoclastogenesis, bortezomib is also able to stimulate osteoblast differentiation leading to increased bone formation. Aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of bortezomib-based induction treatment, high-dose therapy, and lenalidomide consolidation on alterations of bone turnover, i.e. surrogates of osteoblast- (osteocalcin, OC) and osteoclast- (collagen type I fragments, CTX-I) function, and their induction by myeloma cells (DKK1-level). Methods Serum was collected during routine sampling within the GMMG-MM5 trial (EudraCT 2010-019173-16), and levels of CTX-I, OC, and DKK1 were assessed by ELISA in triplicates using commercially available assays according to the manufacturer’s instructions (RnD Systems and Immunodiagnostic Systems). The following time points were assessed: at inclusion (n=365), after induction therapy with either PAd (n=88) or VCD (n=84), stem cell mobilization using CAD (n=69), high-dose melphalan (n=92), and 2 months lenalidomide consolidation (n=92). Up to now, serum samples of 69 patients were measured sequentially at five time points in line with the GMMG-MM5 trial. DKK1 levels were correlated with the expression in CD138-purified myeloma cells (Affymetrix microarrays, n=365). Results Prior to treatment, CTX-I levels are increased, those of OC decreased compared to healthy donors (uncoupled bone turnover). DKK1 protein levels are increased and correlate with DKK1-expression in myeloma cells. After induction therapy, osteoclast activity (CTX-I) is decreased below normal values. PAd unlike VCD further decreases osteoblast activity (OC-levels); DKK1-levels are normalized. Subsequent treatment further decreases DKK1-levels below normal values and blocks osteoclast function. After 2 months lenalidomide consolidation, no normalization of osteoblast activity is found. Conclusion The main impact on bone turnover by bortezomib-based induction treatment is a reduction of osteoclast activity alongside a decrease in DKK1-levels. During the reported period, no normalization of decreased osteoblast function was observed. Disclosures: Seckinger: Novartis Pharma: Research Funding. Goldschmidt:Novartis Pharma: Research Funding. Hose:Novartis Pharma: Research Funding.
Daily G-CSF (filgrastim) and a Single Dose Of Pegylated G-CSF (pegfilgrastim) After Chemotherapy Result In Different Kinetics Of Circulating Hematopoetic Progenitors: Implication For Potential Stem Cell Harvesting
2013-11-15

Several studies have shown that a single dose of pegylated G-CSF (pegfilgrastim, Neulasta®) administered after chemotherapy allows sufficient collection of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) for autologous transplantation. Pegfilgrastim has not been approved for HPC mobilization, but the decision for stem cell harvesting may be made after pegG-CSF has already been given. In this case, particular kinetics of circulating HPC after pegG-CSF must be taken into account to guide stem cell harvesting. In an intra-individual analysis, we compared mobilization of HPC in 12 lymphoma patients undergoing two identical cycles of salvage chemotherapy (etoposide, ifosfamide, cisplatin, ± epirubicin, ± rituximab) within a clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00306111). G-CSF (filgrastim, Neupogen® 5 ug/kg/d) was given daily after the 1st cycle starting at day 3, while a single dose of pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®, 6 mg) was administered after the 2nd cycle. Circulating HPC were analyzed by flow cytometry and colony assays. We found that neutrophil recovery was remarkably pronounced after pegG-CSF resulting in a significant higher white blood count at day 12 compared with filgrastim (WBC: 6.8 ± 1.9 G/l vs. 3.2 ± 0.8 G/l, mean ± SEM), but a similar WBC at day 14 and day 16. However, kinetics of circulating HPC were markedly different: A trend to higher numbers of CD34+ progenitors was observed after pegfilgrastim at day 12 compared to filgrastim, followed by a sharp drop at day 14: 25 ± 12 /μl (pegfilgrastim) vs. 69 ± 22 /μl (filgrastim). Particularly the number of more primitive CD34+CD38- progenitors was significantly reduced at day 14: 3.7 ± 3.0 /μl (pegfilgrastim) vs. 11.7 ± 6.3 /μl (filgrastim). Similar results were found for the more primitive CD34+CD133+ und CD34+CD90+ populations. The colony formation (cloning efficiency) of the HPC was not different. Also, coexpression of homing-related receptors (CXCR4, CD62L/L-selectin) was similar in both groups. We conclude that after chemotherapy and pegG-CSF, sufficient numbers of HPC are circulating which allows for HPC collection during the early recovery phase. However, the HPC count is rapidly dropping once the WBC has recovered, in line with the known elimination of pegGCSF by binding to neutrophils. Thus, when a stem cell harvest is scheduled after neutrophil recovery in these patients, daily addition of non-pegylated G-CSF should be considered. Disclosures: Kanz: Amgen GmbH: Research Funding. Möhle:Amgen GmbH: Research Funding. Off Label Use: Pegfilgrastim is not approved for stem cell mobilization.