julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Detection of novel leukocyte differentiation antigens on basophils and mast cells by HLDA8 antibodies
2006-08-03

Background: Basophils (BA) and mast cells (MC) are important effector cells in allergic reactions. Development, growth and effector cell functions are regulated by a network of cytokines, other ligands, and respective cell surface antigens. Methods: We examined the expression of novel CD antigens on human BA, lung MC, the BA cell line KU‐812, and the MC line HMC‐1. Expression of surface antigens was analyzed by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) of the HLDA8 workshop and flow cytometry. Results: Basophils were found to stain positive for CXCR1 (CD181), CCR1 (CD191), CCR2 (CD192), CCR7 (CD197), IL‐18R α (CDw218a), IL‐18R β (CDw218b), TRAIL‐R1 (CD261), TRAIL‐R2 (CD262), TACI (CD267), TLR‐4 (CD284), LAIR1 (CD305), EMR‐2 (CD312), JAM1 (CD321), and JAM2 (CD322). Lung MC were found to react with mAb against EMR‐2 (CD312) and JAM1 (CD321). KU‐812 cells were found to stain positive for CXCR1 (CD181), TRAIL‐R2 (CD262), B7H2 (CD275), TLR‐4 (CD284), JAM1 (CD321), and E‐Cadherin (CD324). HMC‐1 cells were recognized by mAb against TRAIL‐R2 (CD262), B7H2 (CD275), LAIR1 (CD305), EMR‐2 (CD312), JAM1 (CD321), and Siglec‐6 (CDw327). Conclusions: Extensive phenotyping with antibodies against novel CD antigens provides further evidence that BA and MC represent two separate hematopoietic cell lineages with unique phenotypic properties observed in mature cells as well as malignant immature cells. Further studies are required to define the functional role of these CD antigens expressed in BA and MC.
Phases in the Postwar German Reception of the “Euthanasia Program” (1939–1945) Involving the Killing of the Mentally disabled and its Exploitation by Neuroscientists
2006-08-03

The killing of disabled patients with mental diseases during 1939-1945 is regarded as the precursor to the Holocaust. Although known at least since the Nuremberg Doctors Trial (1946-1947), the reception accorded these crimes against humanity varied (and evolved through time) depending on the parties: the old establishment, the younger generation, the different political interests, and the jurists, the theologians, the historians, the medical authorities. I attempt to distinguish five phases in the debate in light of the political background between 1945 until the present.
Observations of the Crab nebula with HESS
2006-08-04

Context. The Crab nebula was observed with the HESS stereoscopic Cherenkov-telescope array between October 2003 and January 2005 for a total of 22.9 h (after data quality selection). This period of time partly overlapped with the commissioning phase of the experiment; observations were made with three operational telescopes in late 2003 and with the complete 4 telescope array in January-February 2004 and October 2004-January 2005. Aims. Observations of the Crab nebula are discussed and used as an example to detail the flux and spectral analysis procedures of HESS. The results are used to evaluate the systematic uncertainties in HESS flux measurements. Methods. The Crab nebula data are analysed using standard HESS analysis procedures, which are described in detail. The flux and spectrum of γ-rays from the source are calculated on run-by-run and monthly time-scales, and a correction is applied for long-term variations in the detector sensitivity. Comparisons of the measured flux and spectrum over the observation period, along with the results from a number of different analysis procedures are used to estimate systematic uncertainties in the measurements. Results. The data, taken at a range of zenith angles between 45° and 65°, show a clear signal with over 7500 excess events. The energy spectrum is found to follow a power law with an exponential cutoff, with photon index Γ = 2.39 ± 0.03 stat and cutoff energy E c = (14.3 ± 2.1 stat) TeV between 440 GeV and 40 TeV. The observed integral flux above 1 TeV is (2.26 ± 0.08 stat) × 10 -11 cm -2 s -1. The estimated systematic error on the flux measurement is estimated to be 20%, while the estimated systematic error on the spectral slope is 0.1. © ESO 2006.
Energy dependent γ-ray morphology in the pulsar wind nebula HESS J1825–137
2006-08-04

Aims. We present results from deep γ-ray observations of the Galactic pulsar wind nebula HESS J1825-137 performed with the HESS array. Methods. Detailed morphological and spatially resolved spectral studies reveal the very high-energy (VHE) γ-ray aspects of this object with unprecedented precision. Results. We confirm previous results obtained in a survey of the Galactic Plane in 2004. The γ-ray emission extends asymmetrically to the south and south-west of the energetic pulsar PSR J1826-1334, that is thought to power the pulsar wind nebula. The differential γ-ray spectrum of the whole emission region is measured over more than two orders of magnitude, from 270 GeV to 35 TeV, and shows indications for a deviation from a pure power law. Spectra have also been determined for spatially separated regions of HESS J1825-137. The photon indices from a power-law fit in the different regions show a softening of the spectrum with increasing distance from the pulsar and therefore an energy dependent morphology. Conclusions. This is the first time that an energy dependent morphology has been detected in the VHE γ-ray regime. The VHE γ-ray emission of HESS J1825-137 is phenomenologically discussed in the scenario where the γ-rays are produced by VHE electrons via Inverse Compton scattering. The high γ-ray luminosity of the source cannot be explained on the basis of constant spin-down power of the pulsar and requires higher injection power in past. © ESO 2006.
Incidence of New Brain Lesions After Carotid Stenting With and Without Cerebral Protection
2006-08-04

Background and Purpose— Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) may be a useful tool to evaluate the efficacy of cerebral protection devices in preventing thromboembolic complications during carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS). The goals of this study were (1) to compare the frequency, number, and size of new DWI lesions after unprotected and protected CAS; and (2) to determine the clinical significance of these lesions. Methods— DWI was performed immediately before and within 48 hours after unprotected or protected CAS. Clinical outcome measures were stroke and death within 30 days. Results— The proportion of patients with any new ipsilateral DWI lesion (49% versus 67%; P &lt;0.05) as well as the number of new ipsilateral DWI lesions (median=0; interquartile range [IQR]=0 to 3 versus median=1; IQR=0 to 4; P &lt;0.05) were significantly lower after protected (n=139) than unprotected (n=67) CAS. The great majority of these lesions were asymptomatic and less than 10 mm in diameter. Although there were no significant differences in clinical outcome between patients treated and not treated with protection devices (7.5% versus 4.3%, not significant), the number of new DWI lesions was significantly higher in patients who developed a stroke (median=7.5; IQR=1.5 to 17) than in patients who did not (median=0; IQR=1 to 3.25; P &lt;0.01). Conclusions— The use of cerebral protection devices significantly reduces the incidence of new DWI lesions after CAS of which the majority are asymptomatic and less than 10 mm in diameter. The frequent occurrence of these lesions and their close correlation with the clinical outcome indicates that DWI could become a sensitive surrogate end point in future randomized trials of unprotected versus protected CAS.
Discovery of the two “wings” of the Kookaburra complex in VHE γ-rays with HESS
2006-08-04

Aims.Search for Very High Energy -ray emission in the Kookaburra complex through observations with the HESS array.&#13;\\nMethods.Stereoscopic imaging of Cherenkov light emission of the -ray showers in the atmosphere is used for the reconstruction and selection of the events to search for -ray signals. Their spectrum is derived by a forward-folding maximum likelihood fit.&#13;\\nResults.Two extended -ray sources with an angular (68%) radius of 3.3-3.4 ́ are discovered at high (&gt;13 ) statistical significance: HESS J1420-607 and HESS J1418-609. They exhibit a flux above 1 TeV of ( and ( cm-2 s-1, respectively, and similar hard photon indices ~2.2. Multi-wavelength comparisons show spatial coincidence with the wings of the Kookaburra. Two pulsar wind nebulæ candidates, K3/PSR J1420-6048 and the Rabbit, lie on the edge of the HESS sources.&#13;\\nConclusions. The two new sources confirm the non-thermal nature of at least parts of the two radio wings which overlap with the -ray emission and establish their connection with the two X-ray pulsar wind nebulæ candidates. Given the large point spread function of EGRET, the unidentified source(s) 3EG J1420-6038/GeV J1417-6100 could possibly be related to either or both HESS sources. The most likely explanation for the Very High Energy -rays discovered by HESS is inverse Compton emission of accelerated electrons on the Cosmic Microwave Background near the two candidate pulsar wind nebulæ, K3/PSR J1420-6048 and the Rabbit. Two scenarios which could lead to the observed large (~10 pc) offset-nebula type morphologies are briefly discussed.
The new pre-cataclysmic binary PG 2200+085
2006-08-04

We present the results of spectroscopic-- and orbit--sampled photometric observations of the faint UV-excess object PG 2200+085. The optical CCD photometry observations of this object were performed by the Russian-Turkish 1.5-meter telescope RTT150 at the TUBITAK National Observatory (Turkey). The long-slit optical spectroscopy observations with 2.6 A resolution were carried out by 6-meter telescope BTA at the Special Astrophysical Observatory (Russia). The photometric variations over two nights are almost sinusoidal with an amplitude \\Delta m_V = 0.04 m and a period of P = 0.3186 d. Such a light curve is typical of a detached close binary with an illumination effect or the ellipsoidal deformation of a secondary star. The observed spectrum clearly displays a featureless blue continuum of a hot component and a rich absorption--line and molecular band K--star spectrum. The CaII line profiles with strong emission cores are remarkably similar to those of V471 Tau. We tentatively classify PG 2200+085 as a pre-cataclysmic binary of the V471 Tau type.
EChem++An Object-Oriented Problem Solving Environment for Electrochemistry. 2. The Kinetic Facilities of EccoA Compiler for (Electro-)Chemistry [J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 44, 2051−2060 (2004)]
2006-08-04

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVErratumORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionEChem++An Object-Oriented Problem Solving Environment for Electrochemistry. 2. The Kinetic Facilities of EccoA Compiler for (Electro-)Chemistry [J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 44, 2051−2060 (2004)]Kai Ludwig and Bernd SpeiserView Author Information Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. Cite this: J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2006, 46, 6, 2762Publication Date (Web):August 4, 2006Publication History Published online4 August 2006Published inissue 1 November 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci6003064https://doi.org/10.1021/ci6003064correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views300Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (12 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the relevance of Compton scattering for the soft X-ray\\nspectra of hot DA white dwarfs
2006-08-04

\\n Aims.We re-examine the effects of Compton scattering on the\\nemergent spectra of hot DA white dwarfs in the soft X-ray range.\\nEarlier studies \\nhave implied that sensitive X-ray observations at\\nwavelengths Å might be capable of probing the flux\\ndeficits predicted by the redistribution of electron-scattered X-ray\\nphotons toward longer wavelengths.\\n Methods.We adopt two independent numerical approaches to the inclusion of\\nCompton scattering in the computation of pure hydrogen atmospheres in \\nhydrostatic equilibrium. One employs the Kompaneets diffusion\\napproximation formalism,\\nwhile the other uses the cross-sections and redistribution functions\\nof Guilbert. Models and emergent spectra are computed for stellar\\nparameters representative of HZ 43 and Sirius B, and for models with an\\neffective temperature K.\\n Results.The\\ndifferences between emergent spectra computed for Compton and Thomson\\nscattering cases are completely negligible in the case of both HZ 43\\nand Sirius B models, and are also negligible \\nfor all practical purposes for models\\nwith temperatures as high as K. \\nModels of the soft X-ray flux from these stars\\nare instead dominated by uncertainties in their fundamental\\nparameters.\\n
Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanoid Lead Oxide Nitrates LnPbO2NO3 with Ln: La, Pr, Nd and Sm.
2006-08-04

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
TGF- and metalloproteinases differentially suppress NKG2D ligand surface expression on malignant glioma cells
2006-08-05

NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL) are expressed by infected and transformed cells. They transmit danger signals to NKG2D-expressing immune cells, leading to lysis of NKG2DL-expressing cells. We here report that the NKG2DL MHC class I-chain-related molecules A and B (MICA/B) and UL16-binding proteins (ULBP) 1-3 are expressed in human brain tumours in vivo, while expression levels are low or undetectable in normal brain. MICA and ULBP2 expression decrease with increasing WHO grade of malignancy, while MICB and ULBP1 are expressed independently of tumour grade. We further delineate two independent mechanisms that can explain these expression patterns: (i) transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is upregulated during malignant progression and selectively downregulates MICA, ULBP2 and ULBP4 expression, while MICB, ULBP1 and ULBP3 are unaffected. (ii) Cleavage of MICA and ULBP2 is reduced by inhibition of metalloproteinases (MP), whereas no changes in the expression levels of other NKG2DL were detected. Consequently, NKG2DL-dependent NK cell-mediated lysis is enhanced by depletion of TGF-beta or inhibition of MP. Thus, escape from NKG2D-mediated immune surveillance of malignant gliomas in vivo may be promoted by the inhibition of MICA and ULBP2 expression via an autocrine TGF-beta loop and by MP-dependent shedding from the cell surface. Loss of MICA and ULBP2, in contrast to other NKG2DL, may be particularly important in glioma immune escape, and differential regulation of human NKG2DL expression is part of the immunosuppressive properties of human malignant glioma cells.
Moderate therapeutic efficacy of positron emission tomography-navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic tinnitus: a randomised, controlled pilot study
2006-08-05

Tinnitus can be attenuated by low-frequency rTMS navigated to each person's maximum tinnitus-related cortical hyperactivity. The effects are only moderate; interindividual responsiveness varies and the attenuation seems to wear off within 2 weeks after the last stimulation session. Notably, tinnitus-related anterior cingulate cortex activation seems to predict the response to rTMS treatment.
Stationary Random Fields over Graphs and Related Structures
2006-08-05

The concept of a stationary random field can be extended from the classical situation to a more general set up by letting the time parameter run through groups, homogeneous spaces or hypergroups. In the present exposition the author is concerned with spectral representations for stationary random fields over these algebraic-topological structures.
The Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS)
2006-08-07

To develop and evaluate a clinical Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS) to measure disease severity and progression.A 13-item scale was designed to rate functional impairment occurring in pure forms of spastic paraplegia (SP). Additional symptoms constituting a complicated form of SP are recorded in an inventory. Two independent patient cohorts were evaluated in a two-step validation procedure.Application of SPRS requires less than 15 minutes and does not require any special equipment, so it is suitable for an outpatient setting. Interrater agreement of SPRS was high (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99). Reliability was further supported by high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.91). SPRS values were almost normally distributed without apparent floor or ceiling effect. Construct validity was shown by high correlation of SPRS to Barthel Index and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (convergent validity) and low correlation to Mini-Mental Status Examination (discriminant validity).The Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale is a reliable and valid measure of disease severity.
Role of human cytomegalovirus UL131A in cell type-specific virus entry and release
2006-08-07

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genes UL128, UL130 and UL131A are essential for endothelial cell infection. Complementation of the defective UL131A gene of the non-endotheliotropic HCMV strain AD169 with wild-type UL131A in cis in an ectopic position restored endothelial cell tropism. The UL131A protein was found in virions in a complex with gH. Coinfection of fibroblasts with UL131A-negative and -positive viruses restored the endothelial cell tropism of UL131A-negative virions by complementing the virions with UL131A protein. Virus entry into endothelial cells, but not into fibroblasts, was blocked by an antipeptide antiserum to pUL131A. AD169, cis -complemented with wild-type UL131A, showed an impaired release of infectious particles from fibroblasts. A comparable defect in virus release was observed when UL131A was expressed ectopically in a virus background already expressing an intact copy of UL131A. In contrast, virus release from infected endothelial cells was not affected by UL131A. These data suggest a dual role for pUL131A in virus entry and virus exit from infected cells.
Developing somatosensory projections bypass periventricular brain lesions
2006-08-07

The authors studied four hemiparetic patients with large unilateral periventricular brain lesions acquired during the early third trimester of pregnancy. fMRI and magnetoencephalography demonstrated that the primary somatosensory representation of their paretic hands was nevertheless located in the contralateral rolandic cortex. Thus, outgrowing thalamocortical somatosensory projections had apparently bypassed the lesion to reach their original cortical destination. Such somatosensory projections curving around the lesion were effectively visualized by magnetic resonance diffusion tractography.
Communication in locked-in syndrome: Effects of imagery on salivary pH
2006-08-07

Patients with completely locked-in syndrome are conscious and alert, even though they have lost the ability to control their muscles.1 These patients require a communication channel independent of the motor system. EEG-based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are an available communication aid, but aside from the intensive training that most of them demand, not all patients achieve proficiency in EEG control. Here we report an alternative method to re-establish communication in a 46-year-old woman with ALS. At the time of the study, she had been diagnosed with ALS for more than 5 years and had been artificially ventilated and fed for 3 years. For 12 months before this study, she was completely locked in, showing no signs of voluntary motor control including eye movements (measured with electro-oculogram) and external sphincter activity (measured with an anal electromyography electrode). Before entering the locked-in state, the patient requested continuation of life support from her family. The family insisted on respecting the patient's will beyond the locked-in state. EEG responses derived from auditory event–related paradigms indicated preserved cognitive functions,2 which, together with the experiment described below, excludes persistent vegetative state. Prior to this experiment, the patient participated in BCI training as described elsewhere,3 which was terminated after 6 months without success. Because of this ...
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is related to left ventricular dysfunction and remodelling in dilated cardiomyopathy, but is not affected by growth hormone treatment
2006-08-07

Abstract Background and aims Cardiomyocyte apoptosis (CA) is a common feature of end‐stage heart failure. We examined whether CA is associated with cardiac dysfunction and remodelling in heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy and studied the effect of human growth hormone (hGH) on CA. Methods and results We studied 38 patients, included in a phase III multi‐center, randomised, double‐blind and placebo‐controlled trial of biosynthetic hGH treatment in dilated cardiomyopathy, at baseline and after 14 weeks treatment. Twenty‐six patients received hGH and 12 received placebo. CA was quantified in endomyocardial biopsies using the TUNEL assay. CA correlated with left ventricular size ( r =0.43, p =0.007). Compared to patients with CA below the median of 0.53%, patients with CA above the median had significantly larger left ventricular volumes and lower ejection fractions (EF) by echocardiography (median (interquartile range)) 200 ml (84) vs. 257 ml (134) and 27% (11) vs. 23% (9). Expression of the Fas receptor was associated with a high rate of CA. hGH treatment significantly increased serum IGF‐1 levels, but it had no effect on CA or cardiac structure and function. Conclusion CA is related to left ventricular enlargement and dysfunction in dilated cardiomyopathy. CA is not affected by short‐term treatment with hGH.
Quadratic mixing of radio frequency signals using superconducting quantum interference filters
2006-08-07

The authors demonstrate quadratic mixing of weak time harmonic electromagnetic fields applied to superconducting quantum interference filters (SQIFs), manufactured from high-Tc grain boundary Josephson junctions and operated in active microcooler. The authors use the parabolic shape of the dip in the dc voltage output around B=0 to mix quadratically two external rf signals, at frequencies f1 and f2 well below the Josephson frequency fJ, and detect the corresponding mixing signal at ∣f1−f2∣. Quadratic mixing also takes place when the SQIF is operated without magnetic shield. The experimental results are well described by a simple analytical model based on the adiabatic approximation.