julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
ArabidopsisRECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN30 and Receptor-Like Kinase SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-1/EVERSHED Mediate Innate Immunity to Necrotrophic Fungi
2013-10-01

Abstract Effective plant defense strategies rely in part on the perception of non-self determinants, so-called microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), by transmembrane pattern recognition receptors leading to MAMP-triggered immunity. Plant resistance against necrotrophic pathogens with a broad host range is complex and yet not well understood. Particularly, it is unclear if resistance to necrotrophs involves pattern recognition receptors. Here, we partially purified a novel proteinaceous elicitor called SCLEROTINIA CULTURE FILTRATE ELICITOR1 (SCFE1) from the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum that induces typical MAMP-triggered immune responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of natural genetic variation revealed five Arabidopsis accessions (Mt-0, Lov-1, Lov-5, Br-0, and Sq-1) that are fully insensitive to the SCFE1-containing fraction. We used a forward genetics approach and mapped the locus determining SCFE1 sensitivity to RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN30 (RLP30). We also show that SCFE1-triggered immune responses engage a signaling pathway dependent on the regulatory receptor-like kinases BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (BAK1) and SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-1/EVERSHED (SOBIR1/EVR). Mutants of RLP30, BAK1, and SOBIR1 are more susceptible to S. sclerotiorum and the related fungus Botrytis cinerea. The presence of an elicitor in S. sclerotiorum evoking MAMP-triggered immune responses and sensed by RLP30/SOBIR1/BAK1 demonstrates the relevance of MAMP-triggered immunity in resistance to necrotrophic fungi.
Nonsense-Mediated Decay of Alternative Precursor mRNA Splicing Variants Is a Major Determinant of the Arabidopsis Steady State Transcriptome
2013-10-01

The nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) surveillance pathway can recognize erroneous transcripts and physiological mRNAs, such as precursor mRNA alternative splicing (AS) variants. Currently, information on the global extent of coupled AS and NMD remains scarce and even absent for any plant species. To address this, we conducted transcriptome-wide splicing studies using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants in the NMD factor homologs UP FRAMESHIFT1 (UPF1) and UPF3 as well as wild-type samples treated with the translation inhibitor cycloheximide. Our analyses revealed that at least 17.4% of all multi-exon, protein-coding genes produce splicing variants that are targeted by NMD. Moreover, we provide evidence that UPF1 and UPF3 act in a translation-independent mRNA decay pathway. Importantly, 92.3% of the NMD-responsive mRNAs exhibit classical NMD-eliciting features, supporting their authenticity as direct targets. Genes generating NMD-sensitive AS variants function in diverse biological processes, including signaling and protein modification, for which NaCl stress-modulated AS-NMD was found. Besides mRNAs, numerous noncoding RNAs and transcripts derived from intergenic regions were shown to be NMD responsive. In summary, we provide evidence for a major function of AS-coupled NMD in shaping the Arabidopsis transcriptome, having fundamental implications in gene regulation and quality control of transcript processing.
Twelve-Month Results of a Randomized Trial Comparing Mono With Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Endovascularly Treated Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
2013-10-01

In contrast to the first report of a reduction in the TLR at 6 months, this advantage of dual antiplatelet therapy does not persist after stopping clopidogrel. Prolonged dual therapy (>6 months) should be considered in patients who are at high risk for restenosis.
Modeling fixation locations using spatial point processes
2013-10-01

Whenever eye movements are measured, a central part of the analysis has to do with where subjects fixate and why they fixated where they fixated. To a first approximation, a set of fixations can be viewed as a set of points in space; this implies that fixations are spatial data and that the analysis of fixation locations can be beneficially thought of as a spatial statistics problem. We argue that thinking of fixation locations as arising from point processes is a very fruitful framework for eye-movement data, helping turn qualitative questions into quantitative ones. We provide a tutorial introduction to some of the main ideas of the field of spatial statistics, focusing especially on spatial Poisson processes. We show how point processes help relate image properties to fixation locations. In particular we show how point processes naturally express the idea that image features' predictability for fixations may vary from one image to another. We review other methods of analysis used in the literature, show how they relate to point process theory, and argue that thinking in terms of point processes substantially extends the range of analyses that can be performed and clarify their interpretation.
Fast magnetic relaxation in an octahedral dysprosium tetramethyl-aluminate complex
2013-10-01

Ab initio calculations on the octahedral dysprosium aluminate complex [Dy(AlMe4)3] (1) predict weak SMM properties. Dynamic magnetic susceptibility measurements on 1 confirm the theoretical predictions, revealing fast relaxation of the magnetization via quantum tunnelling.
The impact of task relevance and degree of distraction on stimulus processing
2013-10-01

Our results point to a processing enhancement of task relevant stimuli. Unlike P100 amplitudes, N170 amplitudes were strongly influenced by enhancement and enhancement efficiency seemed to have direct behavioral consequences. These findings have potential implications for models of clinical disorders affecting selective attention, especially ADHD.
Residual Mechanical Effectiveness of External Ankle Tape Before and After Competitive Professional Soccer Performance
2013-10-01

The initial significant protection of external ankle-tape support declines almost completely without relevant remaining residual mechanical effect after 45 minutes, reflecting a soccer halftime. The so far presupposed residual mechanical effectiveness of tape to prevent injury is increasingly irrelevant during soccer performance and consequently antidromic to the increasing injury risk toward the end of a soccer halftime.
Antiviral activity of hemocyanins
2013-10-01

Hemocyanins are giant biological macromolecules acting as oxygen-transporting glycoproteins. Most of them are respiratory proteins of arthropods and mollusks, but besides they also exhibit protecting effects against bacterial, fungal and viral invasions. As discovered by 2-DGE proteomics analyses, several proteins including hemocyanins of hemocytes from virus-infected arthropods increased upon infection, confirming hemocyanin’s role as part of the organism’s defence system. Based on the structural analyses of molluscan Hcs it is suggested that the carbohydrate chains of the glycoproteins seem to interact with surface-exposed amino acid or carbohydrate residues of the viruses through van der Waals interactions.
Maneuver decision for active pedestrian protection under uncertainty
2013-10-01

To reduce fatalities in road accidents, one factor is the protection of pedestrians as vulnerable road users. Active driver assistance systems are able to reduce the accident severity or even avoid collisions with pedestrians. Besides emergency braking, evasive steering interventions or combined lateral and longitudinal maneuvers can increase the accident avoidance potential. For driver assistance system with the ability to perform more than one of these maneuvers a maneuver decision has to be done. Choosing the optimal maneuver can become difficult in case of uncertain pedestrian motion prediction. This paper will introduce a method to identify the optimal emergency maneuver regarding a specific scenario. The advantage compared to the state of the art is the consideration of the pedestrian's injury risk as well as uncertain future movements. Therefore the difference of certain emergency maneuvers can be quantified and the one with the optimal benefit obtained.
RBC deformability and amino acid concentrations after hypo-osmotic challenge may reflect chronic cell hydration status in healthy young men
2013-10-01

Biomarkers of chronic cell hydration status are needed to determine whether chronic hyperosmotic stress increases chronic disease risk in population-representative samples. In vitro, cells adapt to chronic hyperosmotic stress by upregulating protein breakdown to counter the osmotic gradient with higher intracellular amino acid concentrations. If cells are subsequently exposed to hypo-osmotic conditions, the adaptation results in excess cell swelling and/or efflux of free amino acids. This study explored whether increased red blood cell (RBC) swelling and/or plasma or urine amino acid concentrations after hypo-osmotic challenge might be informative about relative chronic hyperosmotic stress in free-living men. Five healthy men (20-25 years) with baseline total water intake below 2 L/day participated in an 8-week clinical study: four 2-week periods in a U-shaped A-B-C-A design. Intake of drinking water was increased by +0.8 ± 0.3 L/day in period 2, and +1.5 ± 0.3 L/day in period 3, and returned to baseline intake (0.4 ± 0.2 L/day) in period 4. Each week, fasting blood and urine were collected after a 750 mL bolus of drinking water, following overnight water restriction. The periods of higher water intake were associated with significant decreases in RBC deformability (index of cell swelling), plasma histidine, urine arginine, and urine glutamic acid. After 4 weeks of higher water intake, four out of five participants had 1⁄2 maximal RBC deformability below 400 mmol/kg; plasma histidine below 100 μmol/L; and/or undetectable urine arginine and urine glutamic acid concentrations. Work is warranted to pursue RBC deformability and amino acid concentrations after hypo-osmotic challenge as possible biomarkers of chronic cell hydration.
Artificial sphincter
2013-10-01

Despite the low level of evidence, the AUS is well tolerated, effective and recommended for male SUI treatment in urological guidelines. Implantation in high-volume experienced centers is strongly recommended. Comprehensive patient counselling is required to prevent complications and necessary revisions.
A Laboratory Investigation of Anxious Cognition: How Subliminal Cues Alter Perceptual Sensitivity to Threat
2013-10-01

Emotional stimuli represent a category of signals that are relevant for survival. This relevance is reflected in the prioritization of threatening over neutral information, which has been demonstrated for inherently threatening stimuli and stimuli with acquired affective significance. The present study aimed to investigate whether threatening cues presented without conscious awareness have an impact on perceptual judgements. For this purpose, neutral or angry facial expressions associated with prior congruent (Experiment 1), incongruent (Experiment 3) or no aversive learning (Experiment 2) were presented subliminally in a perceptual decision task. During the task, subjects rated mask faces that varied in emotion intensity ranging from neutral to angry. Subjects tended to make more “angry” responses only when the subliminal stimulus was angry and had been previously paired with an aversive experience. These findings may have direct clinical relevance because similar mechanisms could account for cognitive biases in anxiety disorders.
Recent advances in radiotherapy for thoracic tumours.
2013-10-01

Radiation Oncology technology has continued to advance at a rapid rate and is bringing significant benefits to patients. This review outlines some of the advances in technology and radiotherapy treatment of thoracic cancers including brachytherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, tomotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy. The importance of functional imaging with PET and management of movement are highlighted. Most of the discussion relates to non-small cell lung cancer but management of mesothelioma and small cell lung cancer are also covered. This technology has substantial benefits to patients in terms of decreasing toxicity both in the short and longer term.
Analyzing storage requirements of the resilient information-centric SeDAX architecture
2013-10-01

We develop and analyze algorithms that reduce the storage capacity required by SeDAX (Secure Data-centric Application eXtensible) in the presence of simultaneous node failures. The SeDAX infrastructure for smart grids uses data redundancy for a high level of reliability. It is an information-centric approach using resilient data forwarding in a Delaunay triangulated overlay. While SeDAX's data forwarding scheme is well understood, there is no study that considers the SeDAX storage capacity necessary to survive multiple node failures. Our results are compared with the theoretical lower bound of SeDAX and the lower bound of an idealized storage system. The presented algorithms can be used to reduce storage requirements of SeDAX in practice.
MICROSCOPIC DERIVATION OF THE GINZBURG-LANDAU MODEL
2013-10-01

We present a summary of our recent rigorous derivation of the celebrated Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory, starting from the microscopic Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) model. Close to the critical temperature, GL arises as an effective theory on the macroscopic scale. The relevant scaling limit is semiclassical in nature, and semiclassical analysis, with minimal regularity assumptions, plays an important part in our proof.
Cytocompatibility of magnesium alloys with adult human endothelial cells
2013-10-01

Biodegradable materials such as magnesium alloys have raised great interest in the last few years, since long-term implants such as intravascular stents are associated with various side effects. However, ions released from these alloys can exhibit cytotoxicity, which may have a severe impact on healing after implantation. The authors investigated the cytological effects of eight different magnesium alloys containing varying amounts of aluminum, zinc, neodymium and yttrium. Magnesium alloys were incubated either directly or indirectly with the endothelial cell line EA.Hy926 or primary endothelial cells from different patients, and cell viability was measured. In addition, the concentrations of released metal ions from the alloys were determined. Dependent on the magnesium alloys used and the incubation period, direct or indirect contact with endothelial cells led to various reactions in cell viability. Only the MgAl9Zn1alloy was found to exhibit tolerable cytotoxicity on all endothelial cells tested. The in vitro study revealed that the cytocompatibility of biodegradable magnesium alloys is not predictable only by determining the ion release or by testing the alloys with immortalized cell lines. These data suggest that cytocompatibility properties of new biodegradable material should be tested using primary cells of various donors in order to guarantee safe in vivo application and avoid interindividual differences.
Gamut Mapping for Digital Cinema
2013-10-01

To ensure consistent presentation of wide gamut Digital Cinema Packages (DCPs) on standard gamut screens, a mandatory gamut mapping strategy has to be chosen. In this paper, current gamut mapping algorithms are evaluated with respect to their application in digital cinema. These algorithms include: "Simple Clip", "Cusp Clip", "Minimum delta E" (MindE), "Hue preserving MindE", "Weighted MindE" and the mapping strategy which is used in current projectors. The investigated gamut mapping algorithms will be provided as 3D lookup tables for comparison. These can also be used to retrofit a more advanced gamut mapping strategy to standard gamut projectors. Therefore, the paper closes with an analysis of the losses introduced by using 3D lookup tables for gamut mapping. The intent of this paper is to initiate a discussion about gamut mapping strategies for digital cinema, which may ultimately lead to an addendum to the SMPTE standards for digital cinema.
Model based estimation of ego-motion and road plane using vehicle-mounted camera
2013-10-01

This paper presents a new image feature based method to estimate ego-motion and relative pose to the road plane for a road vehicle-mounted camera. We introduce a restrictive motion model exploiting several constraints arising from the construction of road vehicles, thus significantly reducing parameter space and increasing overall estimation robustness. The model enables estimation of relative camera pose by optimization of four parameters. By adding a fifth parameter additional estimation of the road plane normal in a joint optimization process is possible. The proposed algorithm has been tested in authentic traffic environments and its superiority is shown in comparison to existing methods.
Escaping from a human capital trap? Italy’s regions and the move to centralized primary schooling, 1861 - 1936
2013-10-01

- The present paper explores the role of public policy in the development of Italy’s human capital in the late 19th century and the Interwar period. It aims at understanding whether a system of decentralized primary education slowed down regional convergence in schooling. This work puts forward the hypothesis that, under such a system, the country was subject to a human capital trap – since poor and backward areas could not afford to invest a suitable amount of resources in schooling. Additionally, it investigates whether a more centralized system, introduced in 1911, loosened up the trap, fostered the accumulation of human capital and reduced the country’s regional disparities. Original qualitative evidence and new data on schooling confirm the existence of such a trap, and underline the positive role of centralization in the Interwar period. The econometric model implemented strengthens these findings: poor regions could not improve the quality of education, which in turn would give rise to a vicious circle. Centralized primary education certainly fostered the development of Italy’s schooling in the Interwar period. However, human capital regional disparities across the country persisted, a result that calls for further research on the topic.
Recording light fields with microoptical systems
2013-10-01

The most popular device for recording light fields is the plenoptic camera, a system including both a macroscopic lens and a microlens array. We argue that the macroscopic lens can be omitted without compromising light field resolution, drastically simplifying and shrinking the system. We then discuss the limits of miniaturisation and practical fabrication issues.
OC18.01: The prenasal thickness to nasal bone length ratio: 2D versus 3D ultrasound
2013-10-01

Recently we showed that the prenasal thickness to nasal bone length ratio (PT:NBL) measured in 3D volumes of the fetal face is a very strong marker for trisomy 21 with a detection rate and positive likelihood ratio of 100 (95% CI, 89–100)% and of 21.2, respectively. Objective of this study were to compare PT:NBL ratio's measured on three-dimensional (3D) volumes and two-dimensional (2D) pictures. PT and NBL measurements were obtained from stored 3D volumes or good 2D pictures of 90 second and third trimester trisomy 21 fetuses. All ultrasound examinations were performed by experienced sonographers and images were obtained by a General Electric Voluson 730 Expert or E8 ultrasound system. In all cases the insonation angle for NBL and PT measurements with respect to the longitudinal axis of the nasal bone was between 45 and 135 degree. The PT:NBL ratio was calculated by dividing PT by NBL. The 3D based 95th percentile (0.80) was used as cut-off value. PT and NBL were measured in 26 3D volumes and 64 2D pictures. In the 3D group the mean gestational age was 23 3/7 (range, 15 1/7-37 6/7) weeks and in the 2D group 21 6/7(range, 14 1/7-36) weeks. The mean PT:NBL ratio in the 3D group or the 2D group was 1.45 (range, 0.80-5.22) and 1.33 (range, 0.62-2.64), respectively(not significantly different, unpaired Student's t-test P=). The detection rate in the 3D group and the 2D group was 100% and 92% (24 out of 25, respectively (not significantly different, Chi-square P=). The PT:NBL is a strong second and third trimester marker for trisomy 21 measured. The marker can equally reliably measured with either 3D or 2D ultrasound.
Preface: Message from the Paper Chairs
2013-10-01

These are the proceedings of the Third IEEE Symposium on Biological Data Visualization (BioVis 2013), which was held on October 13-14, 2013 in conjunction with IEEE VIS in Atlanta, GA, USA. The symposium brings together researchers from the visualization, bioinformatics, and biology communities with the purpose of educating, inspiring, and engaging visualization researchers in problems in biological data visualization; as well as involving bioinformaticians and biologists in state-of-the-art visualization research. The symposium also serves as a platform for researchers in biology and bioinformatics to share pressing visualization challenges and potential solutions in their fields; to initiate interdisciplinary collaborations; and to provide an outlet and training ground for junior visualization researchers with a keen interest in biological problems. These proceedings contain fourteen papers selected from thirty-two submissions (43% acceptance rate) describing state-of-the-art tools, techniques, and technologies from the field of biological data visualization. The submitted papers were assigned to Program Committee (PC) members and external reviewers, based on a match between paper topics and keywords and the declared expertise of the reviewers. Each paper was reviewed for novelty and contribution by at least two program committee members, and, on average, by two additional external reviewers. For each paper, experts from both the visualization and biology/bioinformatics communities were consulted during the review process. When all reviews were completed, a discussion phase was initiated wherein reviewers of each paper could anonymously express their opinions with an opportunity to adjust their reviews and/or scores, and make an acceptance recommendation. The Program Chairs then finalized the decisions on which papers to accept, based on the numerical scores, the detailed reviewer comments and recommendations, and the discussion board messages.