julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Reconciling Adaptivity and Task Orientation in the Student Dashboard of an Intelligent Language Tutoring System
2023-01-01

In intelligent language tutoring systems, student dashboards should display the learning progress and performance and support the navigation through the learning content. Designing an interface that transparently offers information on students' learning in relation to specific learning targets while linking to the overarching functional goal, that motivates and organizes the practice in current foreign language teaching, is challenging.This becomes even more difficult in systems that adaptively expose students to different learning material and individualize system interactions. If such a system is used in an ecologically valid setting of blended learning, this generates additional requirements to incorporate the needs of students and teachers for control and customizability.We present the conceptual design of a student dashboard for a task-based, user-adaptive intelligent language tutoring system intended for use in real-life English classes in secondary schools. We highlight the key challenges and spell out open questions for future research.
THE STRUCTURAL PROCEDURE AND THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION IN MINORITY LANGUAGES: COMPARED ANALYSIS OF THE DOUCET-BOUDREAU V. NOVA SCOTIA (MINISTER OF EDUCATION) CASE IN CANADA AND THE HUNSRIK IN BRAZIL
2023-01-01

The present research intends to develop a certain understanding of the theme structural procedures regarding their objectivation, that is, the objective of using structural means to solve a certain situation arising in a concrete case.To this end, this study begins analyzing the structural procedures in Brazil and looks at the Canadian understanding of the same procedural path.In order to give a more practical focus, it analyzes the structural feature present in the case of Doucet-Boudreau v. Nova Scotia (Minister of Education) of the Supreme Court of Canada, which deals with the fundamental right to education in minority languages.It concludes with a comparison between French-language education in Canada and the project of teaching in Hunsrik in Brazil, and the understanding that the structural procedure route could be used for educational reform in both countries.
A novel minimally invasive and press‐fit method for symphysiodesis — a biomechanical analysis
2023-01-01

Abstract Purpose Does the cylindrical shaped bone block allow a stable construct for the arthrodesis of the pubic symphysis compared to a rectangular shaped bone block. The cylindrical shaped bone block stabilized by a 3.5 symphyseal plate is inferior to the stabilization with an internal fixator. Methods This study analyzed the arthrodesis of the pubic symphysis on 24 synthetic pelvises, using a rectangular shaped bone block (control group) or a cylindrical shaped bone block, stabilized with a symphysis locking plate ( n = 8) as the standard clinical procedure. Additionally we analyzed the stability using an internal fixator. Results This study showed that utilizing a cylindrical shaped synthetic bone graft results in a significant higher contact area and compression force compared to the classical rectangular shaped graft. Furthermore, the stabilization with an internal fixator had the tendency for increases of compression force and contact area, yet without a statistical significance, when compared to the plate fixation. Conclusion The novel method of cylindrical symphysis resection and cylindrical bone block implantation allowed an increased biomechanical stability compared to using a classical rectangular bone graft, also resulting in higher contact area. Moreover, this technique would also allow a minimally invasive approach for this purpose, which in turn could preserve perisymphyseal ligaments, thereby improving healing in a clinical context.
Towards learned emulation of interannual water isotopologue variations in General Circulation Models
2023-01-01

Abstract Simulating abundances of stable water isotopologues, that is, molecules differing in their isotopic composition, within climate models allows for comparisons with proxy data and, thus, for testing hypotheses about past climate and validating climate models under varying climatic conditions. However, many models are run without explicitly simulating water isotopologues. We investigate the possibility of replacing the explicit physics-based simulation of oxygen isotopic composition in precipitation using machine learning methods. These methods estimate isotopic composition at each time step for given fields of surface temperature and precipitation amount. We implement convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based on the successful UNet architecture and test whether a spherical network architecture outperforms the naive approach of treating Earth’s latitude-longitude grid as a flat image. Conducting a case study on a last millennium run with the iHadCM3 climate model, we find that roughly 40% of the temporal variance in the isotopic composition is explained by the emulations on interannual and monthly timescale, with spatially varying emulation quality. The tested CNNs outperform simple baseline models such as random forest and pixel-wise linear regression substantially. A modified version of the standard UNet architecture for flat images yields results that are as good as the predictions by the spherical CNN. Variations in the implementation of isotopes between climate models likely contribute to an observed deterioration of emulation results when testing on data obtained from different climate models than the one used for training. Future work toward stable water-isotope emulation might focus on achieving robust climate–oxygen isotope relationships or exploring the set of possible predictor variables.
Let's move forward: Image-computable models and a common model evaluation scheme are prerequisites for a scientific understanding of human vision
2023-01-01

Abstract In the target article, Bowers et al. dispute deep artificial neural network (ANN) models as the currently leading models of human vision without producing alternatives. They eschew the use of public benchmarking platforms to compare vision models with the brain and behavior, and they advocate for a fragmented, phenomenon-specific modeling approach. These are unconstructive to scientific progress. We outline how the Brain-Score community is moving forward to add new model-to-human comparisons to its community-transparent suite of benchmarks.
An estate at Zincirli? Land use and resource exploitation at the Middle Bronze Age monumental building Complex DD in Zincirli, Gaziantep Province of Turkey
2023-01-01

Abstract Near Eastern monumental buildings once hosted institutions with a variety of economic and environmental footprints. In this article examining a Middle Bronze Age II (seventeenth century BC) building complex at Zincirli, Turkey, we integrate bioarchaeological remains with ceramic and artifactual evidence to evaluate whether this building was a specialized node in a broader network and centralized economy. Combining seed/fruit/chaff analysis with charcoal, phytolith, diatom, and spherulite investigations and zooarchaeology allows for a more holistic identification of the building’s environmental and economic catchments. The pronounced presence of conifer, probably related to the building’s architecture, suggests an elite function of the complex. A broad range of activities took place within the complex, such as the preparation, storage, and consumption of different food and drink products, alongside craft activities. There is evidence for centralized storage of diverse crops and production of wine and textiles. The building seems to have functioned as a kind of estate, possessing access to large areas of land. The bioarchaeological remains evidence the exploitation of the varied environments surrounding the site, where economically valuable resources were locally available and exploited, such as cedar, pine, grapes, and large hunting game. Complex DD provides evidence of wetland exploitation, agropastoral production, wood procurement, and hunting in the semi-steppe batha environments of the Islahiye plain and the woodland forests of the Amanus.
Epilogue
2023-01-01

In the epilogue, the book turns to a discussion of the possible future impacts of climate change and reduced availability of water for the environment and the Murray–Darling Basin's (MDB) rural communities, such as the Goulburn–Murray Irrigation District (GMID). In the early twenty-first century, salinization is no longer an urgent and high-profile environmental problem in the basin. Rather, climate change has become the central issue. With the prospect of gravely reduced availabilities of water and more extensive dry periods, the crucial question becomes how water in the basin will be distributed in the future. While water markets appear to have had positive outcomes for the environment in the short term, their long-term effects are not clear yet. However, there is no doubt that the MDB is in grave danger of being run down. While attention has shifted to other problems, when travelling through the GMID today, the signs of salinization can still be read in the landscape.
Introduction
2023-01-01

In the introduction, I outline the conflicts about irrigation and water in Australia in the early twenty-first century. Irrigation, once hailed as a "nation-building" endeavor, has become a questionable enterprise to many Australians due to its notoriety for using great amounts of water and its negative impact on the environment. Irrigation is most intensive in Australia's agricultural heartland, the Murray–Darling Basin. During the previous century, irrigation was known as the reason for an environmental hazard—the salinization of soils and water, which was dubbed "Victoria's and arguably Australia's greatest environmental threat" in 1987. Nowhere was salinization as prominent as in Victoria's largest irrigation region, the Goulburn–Murray Irrigation District, making it a useful lens to capture the transformation processes that were induced by a slow-growing environmental threat to the district's rural communities. The main object of study here is Kerang, while its neighbor community, Shepparton, serves as a comparison. Finally, I reflect on the purpose of environmental history in the Anthropocene, making a case for histories that inform how we currently think and act with the entanglement of human society and the environment in mind.
History, Geography, and Geology
2023-01-01

This chapter explores the history, geography, and geology of the Murray–Darling Basin and the Goulburn–Murray Irrigation District (GMID). It is a highly modified anthropogenic landscape, which is largely due to its development for irrigated agriculture. The River Murray has been turned into a "regulated river" in the twentieth century. Notwithstanding the extensive modifications of its hydrology, the Basin is subject to great climatic fluctuations which make it a highly dynamic natural environment. It is also naturally prone to salinization. Salinization is caused by land-clearing and the use of excessive amounts of water for agriculture which causes water tables to rise. Within the GMID, there are important differences between its regions that greatly influenced the scale and effects of their respective salinity problems. Kerang historically has been known as "the home of salinity," while Shepparton has had a more favorable economic and environmental position.
Network targeted brain stimulation improves task performance in participants with overweight and obesity
2023-01-01

Abstract Modulation of the brain activity using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was shown to improve cognitive performance. However, mixed results have been reported previously and there is limited data on cognitive effects of tDCS on individuals with overweight and obesity. Using a randomized double-blind design, participants with overweight and obesity (N=43, 36.6 ± 13.6 years; BMI 30.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2; 21 males) received either active stimulation (i.e. anodal [=excitatory] or cathodal [=inhibitory]) or sham high-definition (HD) tDCS (Neuroelectrics®) on three consecutive days for 25 minutes. The target network was determined by resting-state functional connectivity map of the hypothalamus (i.e. homeostatic brain region). This target network was stimulated by specific spatial and current montage of twelve π-cm2 size Ag/AgCl electrodes, placed mainly over the frontal cortex. During stimulation, participants completed a Stop-Signal Task measuring response inhibition and received afterwards an ad-libitum buffet. Cognitive function (including executive function, memory and attention & psychomotor speed) were evaluated using CANTAB at baseline and one day after the last stimulation. Compared to sham, stop-signal-reaction time during stimulation was faster for the active anodal stimulation group, however only on the first stimulation day (anodal vs. sham p=0.003; cathodal vs. sham p=0.148). This indicates better inhibitory control during excitatory stimulation. From before to after the 3-day tDCS stimulation, we found a significant improvement in memory performance (delayed matching to sample: anodal vs. sham p=0.001; cathodal vs. sham p=0.006) and psychomotor speed (reaction time: anodal vs. sham p=0.032; cathodal vs. sham p=0.64) in the active versus the sham stimulation group. No differences were observed between tDCS protocols on learning, recognition and spatial working memory (p>0.05). Total caloric intake was lowest after excitatory stimulation especially the consumption of sweets (p<0.05). Results show that cognitive functions and cognitive control over food intake can be enhanced by active excitatory HD-tDCS. Research Category and Technology and Methods Clinical Research: 9. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Keywords: transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS, cognitive performance, Stop Signal task
No modulation of object-location memory through high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the right temporoparietal lobe
2023-01-01

Abstract Background: Object-location memory (OLM) has been shown to be mediated by the right temporoparietal lobe, with structural plasticity in lateral and medial parietal areas induced by learning. Objective: We investigated whether high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) of the right temporoparietal lobe has immediate and sustained effects on OLM performance. Methods: Fifty-two participants performed a two-day OLM training, requiring to remember the positions of the second objects in pairs of pictures. HD-tDCS (2 mA, 20 min) was applied during first training. Training gains were additionally assessed on the subsequent day. Performance levels were compared between an anodal and a sham group. Baseline structural and microstructural parameters were extracted and electric fields induced on individual brain surfaces were estimated. The study was preregistered (https://osf.io/h5x6j). Results: Participants showed training gains over time with no difference between anodal and sham groups on either training day. Neither individual electric field magnitudes, nor volume or microstructure in the stimulation target and related right-hemispheric memory-relevant structures were associated with training gains. Neuropsychological data showed no correlation with visual-spatial memory scores. Further exploratory analyses revealed associations with volume and microstructure of left-hemispheric areas and pathways (such as the hippocampus and the cingulum bundle) and with verbal learning memory scores. Conclusion: Focal stimulation of the right temporoparietal lobe did not enhance training gains of the OLM task. This group-level finding was confirmed by non-existent associations of individual benefits with electric fields or regional (micro)structural parameters in the stimulation target. The null effect may be explained by choosing a "wrong" target for the modulation of performance in this particular task rather than by inter-individual variability in responsiveness. Our study shows that the integration of neuropsychological, behavioral, and neuronal measures, can provide more specific insights into underlying brain plasticity modulation, further promoting the understanding of null effects. Research Category and Technology and Methods Basic Research: 9. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Keywords: non-invasive brain stimulation, visuo-spatial memory, diffusion tensor imaging, electric field simulations
Real-time EEG-triggered TMS of M1 during sleep to characterize the phasic modulation of corticospinal excitability during the thalamocortical sleep spindle
2023-01-01

Abstract Thalamocortical sleep spindles are a hallmark of NREM sleep and believed to play a key role in the sleep-dependent memory reactivation and consolidation (Diekelmann & Born, 2010). Generated in the thalamus and projecting to neocortex and hippocampus, a hierarchical cross-frequency coupling can be observed, with neocortical slow oscillations phasically modulating spindles in turn phasically modulating hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (Staresina et al, 2015). This nesting of oscillations may allow phase-dependent plasticity to occur in the neocortex during sleep (Bergman & Born, 2018). While spindles can thus be considered windows of plasticity in the sleeping brain, it was yet unknown whether and how they modulate cortical excitability in a phasic manner. We used real-time EEG-triggered TMS of the primary motor cortex (M1) hand area to measure MEPs in 20 sleeping participants, targeting either spindles at four different phase angles, spindle- and slow oscillation-free baseline NREM epochs, or immediate post-spindle NREM periods, pseudorandomized in order across trials. We found a net suppression of MEP amplitudes during spindles relative to spindle-free NREM sleep, with maximal suppression during the falling flank, but no suppression during their peaks, rising flank and troughs. These findings remained when restricting the analysis to solitary spindles that were not associated with slow oscillations. We conclude that spindles exert asymmetrical “pulsed inhibition” of corticospinal excitability, complementing previous work showing a phasic modulation of corticospinal excitability by SO (Bergmann et al.,2012) as well as “pulsed facilitation” by the sensorimotor mu-alpha rhythm during wakefulness (Bergmann et al.,2019). In future, spindle phase-triggered rTMS can be used to induce phase-dependent LTP- and LTD-like plasticity, that may help to uncover the role of spindles in synaptic plasticity. Moreover, spindle (phase)-triggered TMS bursts may also interfere with local or network events of memory reactivation allowing researchers to study their causal relevance for systems consolidation of memory. Research Category and Technology and Methods Basic Research: 10. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Keywords: Real-time EEG TMS, Sleep and memory, Sleep spindles, Phase-dependent
Repetitive TMS during specific phases of the dorsomedial prefrontal theta oscillation has differential effects on network excitability and working memory performance
2023-01-01

Abstract Brain-state-dependent rTMS has been used for phase-specific stimulation of the μ-rhythm in motor cortex, and revealed differential efficacy of plasticity induction depending of the phase stimulated. We extended this method based on real-time analysis of EEG to target prefrontal theta, a rhythm associated with cognitive functions. By applying rTMS to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during different phases of the local theta oscillation, we obtained TMS-EEG excitability increase and working memory performance improvement specifically when stimulating the trough of dorsomedial prefrontal theta. This novel method may have potential for therapeutic applications in patients with cognitive disorders. Research Category and Technology and Methods Translational Research: 7. Responsive (Closed-Loop) Stimulation Keywords: EEG-TMS, Brain-state-dependent stimulation, Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, Working memory
MAPK and mTOR Inhibition Improves Childhood RASopathy-Associated Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
2023-01-01

Background: To evaluate the benefit of mutation-specific small molecule inhibitors of target of rapamycin (mTORi) or MAPK kinase (MEKi) in RAS-CM patients with severe pediatric-onset cardiomyopathy associated with distinct germline mutations in RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (RAS-CM).
T2-Weighted MRI following TCPC: Patients with Higher-Grade Changes of Intestinal Lymphatic Vessels Were Younger at SCPC and Have a More Frequent History of Chylothorax
2023-01-01

Research is increasingly focusing on pathologies of the lymphatic vessels in patients after TCPC. In this study, we focused on the intestinal lymphatic vessels. We tried to find out if clinical and laboratory parameters are associated with higher-grade changes after TCPC.
Use of Custom-Made and Parallel Endografts with Debranching Procedures for the Treatment of Pseudoaneurysms after Coarctation Surgery
2023-01-01

Background: Pseudoaneurysms may occur at the site of coarctation (CoA) surgery of the aorta. Thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) with commercially available endografts is challenging due to the involvement of the left subclavian artery (LSA), proximity to the left carotid commune artery (LCCA), severe arch angulation, and proximal to distal diameter mismatch. The alternative techniques develop.
Contents list
2023-01-01

Permissions Request permissions Contents list Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2023, 25, 331 DOI: 10.1039/D3EM90009F This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.
Simulating weather degradation through heating of a calcarenite from Volterra, Italy: effects on the stone and its consolidation
2023-01-01

The "Panchina" stone of Volterra, like that of Livorno, has been, since Etruscan and Roman times, a typical building material widely used in centralsouthern Tuscany.Here, "Panchina" stone varies in colour from reddish white to yellowish to cerulean, and the grain varies from fine to medium-coarse, depending on the extraction area.In this study, part of a broader study on building stones and their properties, we focus on the chemical-mineralogical and petrophysical characterization of the Volterra "Panchina" stone and its response to thermal stress.After the artificial ageing treatment by heating, various consolidating products were applied to investigate their effectiveness.Sample Lithotype Origin # Specimen VA Calcarenite Volterra (PI) 12 VB Calcarenite Volterra (PI) 12 VC Calcarenite Volterra (PI) 12 VD Sandstone Montaione (FI) 12