julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Metacognitive biases in anxiety-depression and compulsivity extend across perception and memory
2025-03-05

Metacognitive biases are characteristic of common mental health disorders like depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, recent transdiagnostic approaches consistently contradict traditional clinical studies, with overconfidence in perception among highly compulsive individuals versus underconfident memory in OCD patients. To reconcile these differences, we investigated whether these metacognitive divergences may arise due to cognitive domain-specific effects, comorbid overshadowing effects, and/or different manifestations at disparate levels of a local to global metacognitive hierarchy. Using a transdiagnostic individual differences approach with a general population sample (N = 327), we quantified metacognitive patterns across memory and perception. Across cognitive domains, we found that underconfidence was linked to anxiety-depression and overconfidence was linked to compulsivity. While both anxiety-depression and compulsivity were predominantly explained by global low self-esteem, other associations varied across a confidence hierarchy, with compulsivity exhibiting more specific alterations at more local metacognitive levels. Our results support a domain-general alteration of metacognition across mental health dimensions, with differential contributions from distinct levels of a metacognitive hierarchy.
Emotion regulation is robustly associated with depressive symptoms across the peripartum – data from a prospective Swedish national cohort study
2025-03-05

<title>Abstract</title> Peripartum depression (PeriPD) has serious consequences for mothers and children, yet early detection is challenging. Emotion regulation (ER) is increasingly recognized as a key factor for maternal mental health, however, associations with depressive symptoms during the peripartum remain insufficiently understood. In this prospective, population-based Swedish cohort study (N = 623), we examined whether ER difficulties in the second trimester, assessed via the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16 (DERS-16), are associated with depressive symptoms across seven peripartum timepoints using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Higher ER difficulties were significantly associated with elevated depressive symptoms during pregnancy to 14–23 weeks postpartum, independent of confounders. ER difficulties also differed between PeriPD trajectories, with higher scores in early- and late-postpartum-onset groups. These findings highlight second trimester ER as a robust vulnerability marker for PeriPD, with the DERS-16 offering potential for early risk detection. Targeting ER may provide a promising strategy for mitigating peripartum mental health risks.
Zika virus: an overview update
2025-03-06

Purpose of review Although cases of Zika virus disease (ZVD) have declined globally since 2017, new outbreaks have been reported, such as in Asia in 2024. As there is no vaccine or treatment available to date, both vaccines and mAbs neutralizing Zika virus would be of great interest, especially for pregnant women and immunocompromised patients such as those living with HIV. This review focuses on new insights regarding ZVD in the last two years and summarizes the key literature on global epidemiology, transmission, diagnostics, clinical features, preventive measures, and treatment options. Recent findings At the time of writing, ZVD is endemic across tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with the highest risk of infection in Latin America and the Caribbean, but no significant peaks in outbreak activity across endemic regions. There are ongoing efforts to further investigate the clinical and epidemiological long-term sequelae of the large outbreak in the Americas 2015–2018; further refinement of diagnostic tools to improve specificity in view of significant cross-reactivity potential, particularly with dengue virus. Multiple vaccines are in different clinical development stages; however, phase 3 trials are awaiting the next epidemic. Summary While there is no current major zika virus outbreak, progress has been made in the epidemiological work-up of clinical-epidemiological data, refinement of diagnostic tools, and mainly preventive (vaccines) rather than curative (drugs) tools.
Ongoing outbreak of maternal parvovirus B19 infections in Germany since end of 2023: consequence of COVID‐19 pandemic?
2025-03-06

Abstract Objective To investigate the ongoing parvovirus B19 (B19V) outbreak among pregnant women in Germany and its connection to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed anonymous data regarding serologically confirmed B19V infections during pregnancy between January 2014 and April 2024 across 13 major fetal medicine centers in Germany. We evaluated the yearly frequency of B19V cases, cases that underwent intrauterine transfusion (IUT), cases presenting with hydrops fetalis and cases of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) related to B19V infection, and stratified these variables by event occurrence &lt; 20 weeks' gestation or ≥ 20 weeks' gestation. Variables were compared across three subperiods: pre COVID‐19 pandemic, during the COVID‐19 pandemic and post COVID‐19 pandemic. Results Data from 918 pregnant women with confirmed B19V infection revealed a significant B19V outbreak since the end of 2023. The mean ± SD number of annual cases was 57.3 ± 20 .7 pre COVID‐19, 20 . 3 ± 13 . 5 during COVID‐19 and surged to 384.8 ± 299 . 8 post COVID‐19 (P &lt; 0 . 01). Correspondingly, the number of cases in which the fetus underwent IUT increased post COVID‐19. The proportion of B19V diagnoses made before 20 weeks' gestation increased from 32.3% pre COVID‐19 to 53.2% post COVID‐19 ( P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions These results demonstrate an unforeseen increase in B19V infections during pregnancy after the COVID‐19 pandemic, with a consequent rise in B19V cases with fetal anemia. The introduced policies during the COVID‐19 pandemic reduced the B19V infection rate but likely conditioned the present ongoing upsurge. Counseling, early detection and access to specialized centers performing IUT are essential measures required to address this outbreak. © 2025 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The Cross-Sectional Association of Scales from the Job Content Questionnaire 2 (JCQ 2.0) with Burnout and Affective Commitment Among German Employees
2025-03-06

The Job Content Questionnaire JCQ 2.0 (JCQ 2.0) thoroughly revises the well-known JCQ 1, based on an expanded Demand/Control theory-consistent platform with new scales, the Associationalist Demand Control (ADC) theory. This study tests the JCQ 2.0 in an urban population in Germany (N = 2326) for concurrent validity of each specific task and organizational-level scale and the relative importance of the task and organizational-level scales, using burnout and commitment as outcome measures. Cross-sectional regression analyses in the test and validation samples were run after multiple imputation. Five JCQ 2.0 task-level scales explain 44% of burnout variance; three JCQ 2.0 task-level scales explain 25% of commitment variance. Adding organizational-level scales, organizational disorder and rewards, increases the explained variance for burnout by five percentage points; consideration of workers’ interests and reward add four percentage points of variance for commitment. Organizational-level scales alone explain 33% and 28% of the variance in burnout and commitment, respectively, due to three and five organizational-level scales for both outcomes. Thus, the JCQ 2.0 task and organizational-level scales show substantial relations to work- and health-related outcomes, with task level more relevant for burnout and organizational level more relevant for commitment. The most strongly related JCQ 2.0 scales have evolved from new ADC theory, confirming its utility.
Introduction: Mammals Biochronology and Paleoecology of the Euro-Mediterranean Quaternary
2025-03-06

The Quaternary is a time of fundamental climatic shifts and environmental changes that highlight the need for a thorough investigation from different perspectives and at multiple scales to disentangle the factors involved in the response of the biota [...]
How to make an ice stream
2025-03-06

<title>Abstract</title> Fast-flowing ice streams drain most of the inland ice from the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. Despite their critical role, the formation mechanisms of ice streams and their shear margins remain controversial. We present a three-dimensional full-Stokes model of an analogue to the over 500 km long Northeast Greenland Ice Stream. We show that ice streams and their shear margins can form solely due to the anisotropic rheology of ice and evolving crystallographic orientations. A fully developed, fast-flowing ice stream can form in only 1000–2000 years by internal ice anisotropy, even without external forcing such as basal melting. This stresses the importance of evolving ice anisotropy on ice-sheet mass balance and sea-level rise during global climate change.
A 30-year-old man with Bietti crystalline dystrophy:a rare case report from Syria
2025-03-07

Introduction: Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is a rare, inherited eye disease that causes progressive damage to the back of the eye (chorioretinal atrophy), characterized by sparkling crystals in the cornea and retina. Case presention: A 30-year-old man presented with gradual vision loss in both eyes. Fundus photography revealed retinal crystals and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, consistent with BCD. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography confirmed retinal and choroidal abnormalities, supporting the diagnosis. Genetic testing was not performed due to financial constraints. Clinical discussion: Subretinal rAAV2/8-hCYP4V2 gene therapy for BCD is safe and effective, but COVID-19 or AAV8 antibodies may hinder its efficacy. VFQ-25 correlates with visual acuity improvement. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were observed as potential side effects. Conclusion: Health care professionals should be vigilant in recognizing rare eye diseases like BCD, even in uncommon regions. Further research is crucial to understand BCD, develop treatments, and improve the quality of life for affected individuals.
Cross-sectional imaging for presurgical planning of dialysis circuit vascular access creation in the end stage renal disease patient population
2025-03-07

Abstract This systematic review explores the role of cross-sectional imaging modalities—computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)—in the preoperative planning of dialysis vascular access for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A systematic search was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane databases, yielding 45 studies meeting inclusion criteria. These modalities are particularly valuable in cases of complex vascular anatomy, central venous stenosis, and prior surgical interventions. Findings emphasize the advantages of CTA for detailed anatomical mapping and MRA for cases requiring soft-tissue contrast or preservation of renal function. Representative clinical cases illustrate how imaging findings directly influence surgical and endovascular decision-making, optimizing patient outcomes. This manuscript describes the role of cross-sectional imaging for dialysis circuit vascular access interventions including representative clinical examples .
The labarum of Constantine as a Charismatic Object
2025-03-07

Abstract This paper proposes an analysis of the labarum , a military banner introduced by Constantine the Great during his campaign against Maxentius ( AD 310–312) as a “charismatic object”. It briefly examines the origins of the banner, its function, and its transformations over time. The paper argues that, originally, the labarum acted as the material embodiment of Constantine’s charismatic leadership, his mystical visions and military victories. Moreover, it worked as a focus of his personal charisma and a totem to rally his supporters. In later years, the Christian interpretation of the labarum as God’s talisman gained popularity, and Constantine tried to use it to transfer his authority to his sons. After Constantine’s death, successors and usurpers copied and displayed the labarum to claim Constantine’s prestige. Yet, in this process, they weakened the charismatic aura of the banner. The Theodosian emperors of the fifth century completed this process, transforming the labarum from an exceptional talisman of war into a traditional symbol that represented the Christianised ideology of Roman imperial triumph.
Deep Learning in Scaphoid Nonunion Treatment
2025-03-09

Background/Objectives: Scaphoid fractures are notorious for a high rate of nonunion, resulting in chronic pain and impaired wrist function. The decision for surgical intervention often involves extensive imaging and prolonged conservative management, leading to delays in definitive treatment. The effectiveness of such treatment remains a subject of ongoing clinical debate, with no universally accepted predictive tool for surgical success. The objective of this study was to train a deep learning algorithm to reliably identify cases of nonunion with a high probability of subsequent union following operative revision. Methods: This study utilized a comprehensive database of 346 patients diagnosed with scaphoid nonunions, with preoperative and postoperative X-rays available for analysis. A classical logistic regression for clinical parameters was used, as well as a TensorFlow deep learning algorithm on X-rays. The latter was developed and applied to these imaging datasets to predict the likelihood of surgical success based solely on the preoperative anteroposterior (AP) X-ray view. The model was trained and validated over six epochs to optimize its predictive accuracy. Results: The logistic regression yielded an accuracy of 66.3% in predicting the surgical outcome based on patient parameters. The deep learning model demonstrated remarkable predictive accuracy, achieving a success rate of 93.6%, suggesting its potential as a reliable tool for guiding clinical decision-making in scaphoid nonunion management. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the preoperative AP X-ray of a scaphoid nonunion provides sufficient information to predict the likelihood of surgical success when analyzed using our deep learning model. This approach has the potential to streamline decision-making and reduce reliance on extensive imaging and prolonged conservative treatment.
Nephron‐Sparing Surgery for Patients With Wilms Tumor, a Surgical Delphi Study Consensus Statement
2025-03-09

ABSTRACT Background and Aim Current pediatric renal tumor treatment protocols allow for nephron‐sparing surgery (NSS) for unilateral disease only under strict conditions. Oncological guidelines do not account for surgical feasibility, however, possibly reducing the utilization of NSS. To potentially change this, a definition of surgical feasibility is required. This study aimed to define surgical consensus statements for the assessment of patients with Wilms tumor (WT) for NSS. Methods A Delphi study was performed inviting 34 potential experts. Surgeons were asked to answer the questionnaires without considering their current treatment protocol. The first questionnaire contained five open‐ended questions regarding surgery, oncology, contraindications for NSS, technique, and organization. Follow‐up questionnaires contained closed‐ended statements based on previous answers. Results Eleven surgeons were included in the expert panel and continued with three follow‐up questionnaires containing 72 statements in total. A median of seven (3 minimum to 10 maximum) NSS procedures were performed per year in the hospitals of the experts. NSS for nonsyndromic unilateral WT patients can be surgically considered if they receive 4 weeks of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, have a preoperative tumor volume of less than 200 mL, and if partial nephrectomy with wide resection margin (&gt;5 mm) can be performed. In keeping with organizational guidelines, among COG surgeons, NSS was not advocated for patients with nonsyndromic unilateral WT. Conclusions Using a Delphi method, surgical experts defined consensus statements regarding NSS for patients with WT to define surgical feasibility in future treatment protocols and expand the utilization of oncologically appropriate NSS.
Generative AI–Enabled Therapy Support Tool for Improved Clinical Outcomes and Patient Engagement in Group Therapy: Real-World Observational Study
2025-03-10

Background Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a highly effective treatment for depression and anxiety disorders. Nonetheless, a substantial proportion of patients do not respond to treatment. The lack of engagement with therapeutic materials and exercises between sessions, a necessary component of CBT, is a key determinant of unsuccessful treatment. Objective The objective of this study was to test whether the deployment of a generative artificial intelligence (AI)–enabled therapy support tool, which helps patients to engage with therapeutic materials and exercises in between sessions, leads to improved treatment success and patient treatment adherence compared with the standard delivery of CBT exercises through static workbooks. Methods We conducted a real-world observational study of 244 patients receiving group-based CBT in 5 of the United Kingdom’s National Health Service Talking Therapies services, comparing 150 (61.5%) patients who used the AI-enabled therapy support tool to 94 (38.5%) patients who used the standard delivery of CBT exercises. The groups were equivalent with respect to the content of the CBT materials and the human-led therapy sessions; however, the intervention group received support from the AI-enabled therapy support tool in conducting CBT exercises. Results Patients using the AI-enabled therapy support tool exhibited greater attendance at therapy sessions and fewer dropouts from treatment. Furthermore, these patients demonstrated higher reliable improvement, recovery, and reliable recovery rates when compared to the control group, which was related to the degree of use of the AI-enabled therapy support tool. Moreover, we found that engagement with AI-supported CBT interventions, relative to psychoeducational materials, predicted better treatment adherence and treatment success, highlighting the role of personalization in the intervention’s effectiveness. To investigate the mechanisms of these effects further, we conducted a separate qualitative experiment in a nonclinical sample of users (n=113). Results indicated that users perceived the AI-enabled therapy support tool as most useful for discussing their problems to gain awareness and clarity of their situation as well as learning how to apply coping skills and CBT techniques in their daily lives. Conclusions Our results show that an AI-enabled, personalized therapy support tool in combination with human-led group therapy is a promising avenue to improve the efficacy of and adherence to mental health care.
Impact of the returning radiation on x-ray reflection spectroscopy measurements: The case of Galactic black holes
2025-03-10

The effect of the returning radiation has long been ignored in the analysis of the reflection spectra of Galactic black holes and active galactic nuclei and only recently has been implemented in the package. Here we present a study on the impact of the returning radiation on the estimate of the parameters of Galactic black holes. We consider high-quality spectra of three Galactic black holes (GX 339–4, Swift J1658.2–4242, and MAXI J1535–571) and we fit the data with the lamppost model in the latest version of , first without including the returning radiation and then including the returning radiation. We do not find any significant difference in the estimate of the parameters of these systems between the two cases, even if all three sources are fast-rotating black holes and for two sources the estimate of the height of the corona is very low, two ingredients that should maximize the effect of the returning radiation. We discuss our results and the approximations in .
Bundle‐Of‐Care vs. Single‐Intervention RCTs in Neonatology: Clinical Research in Neonatology—Quo Vadis?
2025-03-10

ABSTRACT Extreme prematurity is a multi‐organ medical emergency. Most high‐profile studies in this field are done as single‐intervention randomised controlled trials (RCTs), often yielding negative or inconclusive results. Given the complexity of extreme prematurity, we suggest applying future RCTs using a bundle‐of‐care approach. Such an approach should take into consideration: (a) results from RCTs and meta‐analyses demonstrating a positive, albeit non‐significant effect of a specific intervention; (b) fundamental physiological aspects unique to the neonatal period; and (c) specific interventions aiming for a common outcome. Complementing and possibly supplanting the gold standard of single‐intervention RCTs with a bundle‐of‐care approach may open new scientific avenues in neonatology.
Polarizing biotechnologies and a polarized public
2025-03-10

The rapid advancements in genome editing, particularly with CRISPR-Cas9, have brought long-promised medical breakthroughs to reality, but also has also accelerated ethically fraught applications. To develop adequate ethical safeguards and effective governance, many endorse public engagement as an essential aspect of this response. This paper tests this confidence by applying it to an emerging existential risk that this rapid development of genome editing, when combined with similarly rapidly growing socio-political polarisation, poses to liberal democracy. While this argument has some echoes of Maxwell Mehlman’s spectre of a genetically enhanced "genobility" destroying the basis of liberal democracy, I outline how this new concern is more plausible, more immediate and, moreover, possibly far more intractable a problem than Mehlman was considering. This is exacerbated by considering how the perception of genome editing’s potential—rather than its actual capabilities—may be affected by and, in turn, may worsen this rising socio-political polarisation. Given the confidence in the positive role of public engagement with respect to the technology that is involved here, I evaluate its effectiveness, arguing that certain forms of engagement may inadvertently worsen things, whereas stronger deliberative approaches hold promise but face significant, potentially insurmountable, barriers, at least for now.