julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Cocaine dependence and attention switching within and between verbal and visuospatial working memory
2005-04-01

Abstract Many studies have shown the negative effects of cocaine on neuropsychological and cognitive performance in drug‐dependent individuals, but little is known about the underlying neuroanatomy of these dysfunctions. The present study addressed attention switching between items held in working memory (WM) with a task in which subjects were required to store and update two items held in verbal or visuospatial WM. Attention‐switching frequency varied between trials, thereby allowing us to isolate the switching component of task performance. Behavioural data revealed that cocaine addicts performed worse than healthy controls in all tasks. On the visuospatial task addicts performed at chance levels revealing particular impairment in visuospatial WM. On the verbal task, in which controls and users could be matched for performance, we identified attenuated responses in prefrontal and cingulate cortices and in striatal regions, while other areas such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex did not differ between healthy controls and users. The results reveal that addiction may be accompanied by specific rather than ubiquitous hypoactivation in prefrontal and subcortical areas and suggest a compromised ability in users to control their attention to their thoughts as might be particularly relevant when required to switch away from drug‐related thoughts, and thus the dysfunction in attention switching may contribute to the maintenance of addiction.
Elevated Serum GGT Concentrations Predict Reduced Insulin Sensitivity and Increased Intrahepatic Lipids
2005-04-01

Elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentrations have been related to features of the metabolic syndrome as well as increased risk of cardiovascular and liver disease. More recently, elevated GGT levels were shown to predict development of type 2 diabetes in a longitudinal study from Korea. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that serum GGT is associated with glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in a healthy, non-diabetic Caucasian population from the Tübingen family study. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by oGTT (n = 850) or measured by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (n = 245), respectively. A subgroup (n = 70) underwent additional determination of intrahepatic lipid content using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Serum GGT was positively correlated with two-hour glucose during oGTT (r = 0.15, p < 0.0001) and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity from oGTT (r = - 0.31, p < 0.0001) and clamp (r = - 0.27, p < 0.0001). The relationship between GGT and insulin sensitivity remained significant after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, and AST using multivariate regression analysis. Inclusion of serum triglyceride levels as a parameter of lipid metabolism kept the relationship significant in the oGTT group (p < 0.0001), but not in the smaller clamp group (p = 0.11). Additionally, serum GGT was positively correlated with hepatic lipid content (r = 0.49, p < 0.001) independent of sex, age, BMI, AST or serum triglycerides. There was no significant correlation between GGT and the index for beta-cell function after adjusting for age, sex, BMI and insulin sensitivity (p = 0.74). In conclusion, elevated serum GGT levels predict glucose intolerance probably via insulin resistance rather than beta-cell dysfunction. This may be primarily related to hepatic insulin resistance and increased intrahepatic lipids. The association observed between elevated hepatic lipids and reduced insulin sensitivity might explain the increased diabetes risk observed in subjects with elevated serum GGT concentrations. In the absence of overt liver disease, elevated serum GGT concentrations may point the clinician to incipient disturbances in the glucose metabolism.
Parametric Orchestral Sonification of EEG in Real Time
2005-04-01

The authors introduce a device for the parametric sonification of electroencephalographic (EEC) data. The device allows auditory feedback of multiple EEG characteristics in real time. Six frequency bands are assigned as instruments from a MIDI device. The time-dependent parameters modulate the timing, pitch, and volume of the instruments. Using this, we studied subjects' ability to perform a discrimination task with parametric sonification in real time.
Leukotriene and prostaglandin synthesis pathways in osteoarthritic synovial membranes: regulating factors for interleukin 1beta synthesis.
2005-04-01

We demonstrated in OA synovium that a shunt from AA to the LOX pathway occurred and that treatment with a nonselective COX inhibitor could increase the production of LTB4 and secondarily the synthesis of IL-1beta. Therefore treatment with licofelone, which can act on both COX and LOX pathways, may have some interesting properties in the treatment of OA.
Cuticular anatomy of Sphenobaiera huangii (Ginkgoales) from the Lower Jurassic of Hubei, China
2005-04-01

Sphenobaiera huangii (Sze) Hsü is typical Early Mesozoic fossil foliage of Ginkgoales in China. It has been recorded from the Upper Triassic to the Lower Jurassic. The cuticular anatomy is investigated based on material from the type locality, Lower Jurassic Hsiangchi Formation, Zigui County, Hubei Province. The specimens are similar to S. huangii , but contain new information about leaf morphology and cuticular anatomy. Lower and upper cuticle is investigated using light and electron microscopy (LM, SEM, and TEM). Many features are described for the first time, including general structures of lower and upper cuticle, stomata, papillae, and cuticular ultrastructure. At the ultrastructural level, two layers have been distinguished in both lower and upper cuticle, including a homogeneous outer layer with granules and a heterogeneous inner layer with fibrils. Based on a literature comparison between S. huangii and other relevant species of Sphenobaiera , S. huangii may represent the best‐known taxon in the genus Sphenobaiera in both leaf morphology and cuticular structures. This study provides the first detailed ultrastructural data on the leaf cuticle of Sphenobaiera , one of the oldest foliage taxa of Ginkgoales, and offers further evidence for potential discussion on the taxonomic relationships of S. huangii with other ginkgoalean taxa.
CHARACTERISATION OF EPEIRIC “LAYER‐CAKE” CARBONATE RESERVOIRS: UPPER MUSCHELKALK (MIDDLE TRIASSIC), THE NETHERLANDS
2005-04-01

Upper Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) carbonates produce natural gas at Coevorden field in the NE Netherlands. This is currently the only field which produces gas from this succession although several other prospects have been identified nearby. In order to help develop these hydrocarbons, this study proposes a facies and reservoir model of the Upper Muschelkalk in the NE Netherlands together with a regional framework intended to assist in further evaluation. Distribution of facies and reservoir properties of the Upper Muschelkalk carbonates in the NE Netherlands indicate deposition on a storm‐dominated epeiric ramp with a very low gradient. The predominantly muddy and marly lithofacies types in proximal and distal parts of the ramp gradually interfinger with a shoreline‐detached “shoal”‐like ooidal grainstone complex. The best reservoir quality (permeability up to 60 mD) is recognised within dolomitised peloid ooid grainstones. These are interpreted as high‐energy backshoal deposits. Reservoir quality decreases in the limestone‐dominated “shoal” facies and the muddier foreshoal facies. A four‐fold hierarchy of depositional cycles describes the systematic and thus predictable vertical variation in reservoir quality (permeability) and quantity (net‐to‐gross). High‐resolution correlation suggests that medium‐scale cycles (5 to 15 metres thick) can be traced for hundreds of kilometres. Small‐scale cycles (1 to 3 metres thick) are persistent for several tens of kilometres and have sheet‐like geometries. Individual reservoir units (several decimetres thick) appear to be laterally continuous over a maximum of a few kilometres although internal flow barriers might be expected. Mapping of Upper Muschelkalk thickness and facies has clearly defined backshoal, ”shoal and foreshoal facies belts with distinctly different reservoir characteristics. Typically, reservoir quality and quantity decrease with increasing thickness of the Upper Muschelkalk and the underlying Middle Muschelkalk halite. The systematic variations in thickness are apparently controlled by a combination of palaeogeography and palaeotectonics. The best reservoir quality and highest quantity is found on a palaeohigh characterised by a relatively thin Upper Muschelkalk succession and the absence of underlying halite. These features can also be recognised in seismic data. The results of this case study can also be applied in the integrated characterisation of similar epeiric carbonates constituting highly productive reservoirs in the Middle East, including the Khuff and Arab Formations.
Primary Torsion Dystonia
2005-04-01

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GERMANIUM-BEARING COLUSITE FROM THE WATERLOO VOLCANIC-ROCK-HOSTED MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT, AUSTRALIA: CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY AND FORMATION OF COLUSITE-GROUP MINERALS
2005-04-01

Bornite-bearing ores of the Waterloo volcanic-rock-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposit, northern Queensland, Australia, host germanium-bearing colusite, ideally Cu24+xV2(As,Sb)6‐x(Sn,Ge)xS32, which has been studied by a combination of reflectedlight microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron-microprobe (EMP) analysis. On the basis of textural criteria, colusite is associated with pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tennantite and bornite. The EMP investigations showed that the colusite is chemically homogeneous, the concentrations of As, Sb, V, Sn and Ge being in the range of 3.42‐4.08, 0.10‐0.20, 1.86‐2.19, 0.01‐0.12 and 1.78‐2.23 apfu, respectively. Data analysis demonstrates a statistically significant negative correlation between (As + Sb) and (Ge + Sn), in apfu. Moreover, the nominal number of vacancies per formula unit (pfu), calculated as 34 ‐ cations apfu, was found to correlate negatively with (Cu + Fe + Zn). A compilation of literature data supports the existence of these two compositional trends in colusite-group minerals. However, the calculated nominal number of vacancies ranges between ‐2.0 and 2.5 pfu, indicating a significant deviation from the ideal crystal-chemical formulae proposed so far. The compositional range of the literature data can only be explained by the simultaneous operation of at least three different schemes of coupled substitution. Compositional discontinuities in the quaternary system As‐Sb‐Sn‐Ge are interpreted to be indicative of the existence of miscibility gaps in the colusite group. Integration of the results of the present study and literature data with phase-equilibria constraints suggests that colusite-group minerals in VHMS deposits form under moderately oxidized conditions at distinctly high Cu:Fe activity ratios in the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids.
Legionella pneumophila mediated activation of dendritic cells involves CD14 and TLR2
2005-04-01

In this study, we analyzed the activation of bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from mice lacking the cd14-gene with purified Legionella pneumophila lipopolysaccharide and with viable or formalin-killed L. pneumophila .We found that low concentrations of LPS and doses of L. pneumophila that are relevant to infection are dependent on CD14 to activate BMDCs. Higher concentrations of LPS are able to overcome the lack of CD14 indicating that other receptors are involved. We, therefore, included studies using BMDCs from mice lacking functional TLR2 and/or TLR4 molecules. We found that purified L. pneumophila LPS as well as L. pneumophila either viable or formalin-killed are able to activate BMDCs from TLR4-deficient C3H/HeJ mice but fail to activate BMDCs from TLR2-knockout mice. Our data show that not only purified LPS from L. pneumophila but also the microorganism itself stimulate BMDCs via TLR2 and that this stimulation is dependent on CD14 in this mouse model.
Cycle Accurate Binary Translation for Simulation Acceleration in Rapid Prototyping of SoCs
2005-04-01

In this paper, the application of a cycle accurate binary translator for\\nrapid prototyping of SoCs will be presented. This translator generates code to\\nrun on a rapid prototyping system consisting of a VLIW processor and FPGAs. The\\ngenerated code is annotated with information that triggers cycle generation for\\nthe hardware in parallel to the execution of the translated program. The VLIW\\nprocessor executes the translated program whereas the FPGAs contain the\\nhardware for the parallel cycle generation and the bus interface that adapts\\nthe bus of the VLIW processor to the SoC bus of the emulated processor core.\\n
Synthesis of Methyl Ether Analogues of Sildenafil (Viagra®) Possessing Tyrosinase Inhibitory Potential
2005-04-01

The microwave-assisted synthesis and characterization of the ten new sildenafil (Viagra; 1) analogues 6-15 are described. A detailed structure-activity-relationship (SAR) study revealed that compounds 10 (= 4-ethoxy-N-hydroxy-3-(7-methoxy-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)benzenesulfonamide) and 12 (= S-(2-hydroxyethyl) 4-ethoxy-3-(7-methoxy-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)benzenesulfonothioate) are extremely potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors, with IC50 values (3.59 and 2.15 microM, resp.) below those of the standard inhibitors L-mimosine and kojic acid (IC50 = 3.68 and 16.67 microM, resp.). Compounds 10 and 12 are, thus, the currently most-effective inhibitors of tyrosinase, and bear great potential to be used for the treatment of various skin disorders such as hyperpigmentation, which is associated with high production of melanocytes.
Global visual localization of mobile robots using kernel principal component analysis
2005-04-01

The aim of this article is to present the potential of kernel principal component analysis (kernel PCA) in the field of vision based robot localization. Using kernel PCA we can extract features from the visual scene of a mobile robot. The analysis is applied only to local features so as to guarantee better computational performance as well as translation invariance. Compared with the classical principal component analysis (PCA), kernel PCA results show superiority in localization and robustness in presence of noisy scenes. The key success of the kernel PCA is the use of fractional power polynomial kernels.
Learning to detect proximity to a gas source with a mobile robot
2005-04-01

As a sub-task of the general gas source localisation problem, gas source declaration is the process of determining the certainty that a source is in the immediate vicinity. Due to the turbulent character of gas transport in a natural indoor environment, it is not sufficient to search for instantaneous concentration maxima, in order to solve this task. Therefore, this paper introduces a method to classify whether an object is a gas source from a series of concentration measurements, recorded while the robot performs a rotation manoeuvre in front of a possible source. For three different gas source positions, a total of 1056 declaration experiments were carried out at different robot-to-source distances. Based on these readings, support vector machines (SVM) with optimised learning parameters were trained and the cross-validation classification performance was evaluated. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach to detect proximity to a gas source using only gas sensors. The paper presents also an analysis of the classification rate depending on the desired declaration accuracy, and a comparison with the classification rate that can be achieved by selecting an optimal threshold value regarding the mean sensor signal.
Zwitterionische Imidazolium- und Phosphonium-Derivate der Methylenmeldrumsäure [1,2] / Zwitterionic Imidazolium and Phosphonium Derivatives of Methylene-Meldrum’s Acid [1,2]
2005-04-01

2,2-Dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-pyridinomethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl-pyridinium ylide (9) reacts with 2,3-dihydro- 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (1; R 1 = i Pr, R 2 = Me) to give the zwitterionic imidazolium derivative 2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-(1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazoliomethyl)- 1,3-dioxan-5-yl-imidazolium ylide (4) in good yield. Similarly, the phosphonium compound 2,2-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-triphenylphosphoniomethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl-phosphonium ylide (5) is obtained from 9 and PPh 3 . The crystal structures of 4 and 5 are reported
<I>Legionella pneumophila</I> mediated activation of dendritic cells involves CD14 and TLR2
2005-04-01

In this study, we analyzed the activation of bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from mice lacking the cd14-gene with purified Legionella pneumophila lipopolysaccharide and with viable or formalin-killed L. pneumophila. We found that low concentrations of LPS and doses of L. pneumophila that are relevant to infection are dependent on CD14 to activate BMDCs. Higher concentrations of LPS are able to overcome the lack of CD14 indicating that other receptors areinvolved. We, therefore, included studies using BMDCs from mice lacking functional TLR2 and/or TLR4 molecules. We found that purified L. pneumophila LPS as well as L. pneumophila either viable or formalin-killed are able to activate BMDCs from TLR4-deficient C3H/HeJ mice but fail to activate BMDCs from TLR2-knockout mice. Our data show that not only purified LPS from L. pneumophila but also the microorganism itself stimulate BMDCs via TLR2 and that this stimulation is dependent on CD14 in this mouse model.
Spinal nerve root ganglionitis as a cause of disc herniation
2005-04-01

✓ The authors report on a patient in whom monoradicular pain was caused by ganglionitis of a spinal nerve. Neuroimaging and intraoperative findings identified what were thought to be tumorlike changes in the affected nerve root. The neuropathological examination, however, revealed typical signs of ganglionitis. This rare inflammation usually appears with viral infections, as part of paraneoplastic symptoms, or in the presence of Sjögren disease. Because all of these differential diagnoses were negative in the treated patient, chronic nerve root compression due to disc herniation was suspected as the causative factor for the spinal ganglionitis.
Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in the management of low‐stage testicular cancer: Technique and results
2005-04-01

Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is still the most sensitive and specific method for detection of lymph node metastases of testicular cancer. Because of its invasiveness and morbidity the acceptance of open RPLND has decreased significantly resulting in a diagnostic deficit. To reduce morbidity and to increase the acceptance of RPLND, laparoscopy has been introduced. Meanwhile, clinical data with long-term follow-ups are available demonstrating the technical feasibility and oncological safety of laparoscopic RPLND. Studies comparing laparoscopy and open surgery could show advantages for the laparoscopic approach concerning blood loss, intraoperative complications and operative time. Antegrade ejaculation can be preserved in the majority of patients. In conclusion, laparoscopic RPLND is a safe method for the management of low-stage germ cell tumors with minimal invasiveness and excellent clinical results. With an increasing number of urologists trained in laparoscopy and an increasing number of published data, it may become a standard approach for low-stage nonseminomatous testicular cancer.
Functional MRI reveals two distinct cerebral networks subserving speech motor control
2005-04-01

To further delineate the neural basis of speech motor control, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed during syllable repetitions synchronized to click trains (8 subjects, 2–6 Hz; vs. passive listening task). (a) Bilateral hemodynamic responses emerged within mesiofrontal and sensorimotor cortex, putamen / pallidum, thalamus and cerebellum (two activation spots at either side). In contrast, dorsolateral premotor cortex and anterior insula showed left-sided activation. (b) Calculation of rate / response functions revealed a negative linear relationship between repetition frequency and hemodynamic activation within the striatum whereas both cerebellar hemispheres exhibited a step-wise response increase at about 3 Hz. (c) Analysis of the temporal dynamics of hemodynamic activation revealed these cortical and subcortical brain regions to be organized into two separate networks (medial and dorsolateral premotor cortex, anterior insula, superior cerebellum versus sensorimotor cortex, basal ganglia, inferior cerebellum). These data provide evidence for two levels of speech motor control bound, most presumably, to motor preparation and executions processes. Furthermore, these findings help to explain clinical observations such as an unimpaired or even accelerated speaking rate in Parkinsons disease and slowed speech tempo which does not fall below a rate of about 3 Hz in cerebellar disorders.
Magnetic Moments of S-Shell Pentaquarks in the Constituent Quark Model
2005-04-01

We discuss the magnetic moments of the recently discovered exotic baryons Theta(+) and Xi(--) and their multiplet partners in the framework of a naive additive quark model. These baryons are set up as pentaquark states where four quarks and a single antiquark are located in their ground state orbit. The pentaquark states are classified as members of the flavor SU(3) octet and antidecuplet with spin-parity J^P = (1/2)^- and (3/2)^-, where we determine the magnetic moments of these pentaquark states.
Reconstructive urology
2005-04-01

Results: Mean excretion values +/-SD for period days 4 to 13 and 15 to 28 of the cycle were significantly different (0.445 +/-0.041vs 0.356 +/-0.035microg/mg, p < 0.001).Correlation between values for the first and second halves of the cycle showed that this difference was consistent irrespective of individual variations in GAG excretion (r = 0.9757, p < 0.001).Proportions of urinary sulfated GAG did not change during the cycle.Conclusions: Excretion of total urinary GAG during the normal menstrual cycle of young women has a biphasic pattern with significantly higher values occurring in the first half of the cycle.This variation implies modulation by estrogens and consequently it should be considered when comparing the GAG concentration in urine samples from women of childbearing age.
Manfred Pohl, Teresa Tortella and Herman van der Wee (eds.), A Century of Banking Consolidation in Europe: the History and Archives of Mergers and Acquisitions (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001. x + 320 pp. £55.00).
2005-04-01

Manfred Pohl, Teresa Tortella and Herman van der Wee (eds.), A Century of Banking Consolidation in Europe: the History and Archives of Mergers and Acquisitions (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001. x + 320 pp. £55.00). - Volume 12 Issue 1