julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
A visual approach to validating system level designs
2002-01-01

This paper proposes a simulation-based methodology for validation of a system under design in an early phase of development. The key element of this approach is the visual specification, as Live Sequence Charts (LSCs), of the properties to be checked. The LSCs are automatically translated into the input format for the SystemC-based checker engine, which indicates during simulation, if the property is fulfilled or produces a counter-example, if the property is violated. The entire process from the visual property specification to the checking is largely automated, which makes our approach accessible even for users which have not been trained in formal methods.
Very Bright Dorsal Columns
2002-01-01

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Documenting ancient DNA quality via alpha satellite amplification and assessment of clone sequence diversity.
2002-01-01

C/G-->T/A nucleotide alterations have been shown to hamper the straightforward interpretation of mitochondrial DNA sequence data derived from ancient tissues. Attempting to characterise this finding with respect to nuclear DNA, we contrasted two established protocols: (i) an enzymatic repair of damaged DNA, thereby translating and closing nicks in the DNA, and (ii) the application of N-phenacylthiazolium bromide, which cleaves glucose-derived protein crosslinks, presumably derived from Maillard reactions. We used medieval human bones that were refractory to standard PCR procedures. Due to negligible presence of short tandem repeat loci and also mitochondrial sequences, the extracted ancient DNA needed a higher copy PCR system to yield amplification products. The chosen PCR target was specific alphoid repetitive DNA with an experimentally determined minimum of 1000 copies per haploid genome. Alphoid repeat segments were generated from both contemporary DNA and DNA extracts of two human skeletons dating from 450-600 AD (omitting uracil N-glycosylase pre-treatment of the extracted samples), and were subsequently cloned and sequenced. The sequences were evaluated for the number and type of nucleotide alterations noted after the different pre-treatments, and were compared to our alphoid consensus sequence generated from modern DNA. Both methods failed to reflect the expected 32% variability among single alphoid repeats (accounting for locus-specific differences and polymerase errors) as well as to display the actual 2.88 ratio of transitions to transversions. Our data obtained from high-copy-number nuclear DNA mirror the phenomenon of sequence deviations observed in mitochondrial DNA extracted from old specimens.
Development of a new haemostatic dissecting forceps utilizing controlled heat as an energy source
2002-01-01

We tested a prototype of a new thermal surgical system in animal experiments. This device utilizes controlled heat as an energy source and seals and divides small- to medium-size vessels. The forceps we used in the current study are shaped like dissecting forceps used in conventional open surgery, and their grippers can open bilaterally. Heating elements are built into a gripper. The temperature adjustment is controlled by monitoring the electric resistance. Since the new device utilizes no ultrasonic energy, unfavorable phenomena such as cavitations or mist production are not observed. In a preliminary experiment, 12 segments of animal arteries were sealed and cut by the prototype forceps. Five artery stumps did not burst at the maximum pressure of the manometer system (1471 mmHg). The other seven stumps showed burst pressure ranging from 525 mmHg to 1051 mmHg. It is feasible to utilize controlled heat as a new alternative energy source for haemostatic surgical dissection. The new thermal dissector we are in the process of developing showed safe and quick sealing and cutting of the vessels in the experimental settings.
The emergence of the Euro zone: an informal Euro standard as a first step to EMU membership of the Central and Eastern Europe countries
2002-01-01

The enlargement of the European Union is approaching fast. Eight Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries are planning to join the EU by 2004 and two CEE countries are expected to follow by 2007. Although the adoption of the Acquis Communautaire by the accession candidates requires a large degree of macroeconomic convergence and also leads one to expect ERM2 and EMU membership, the Central and Eastern European countries still pursue rather heterogeneous exchange rate policies. While one group has—though not always openly admitted—adopted tight pegs to the euro, a second group has moved towards more exchange rate flexibility. This paper argues that currency baskets and flexible exchange rates are not sustainable with respect to EU, ERM2 and EMU accession. It explains the rationale for the emerging markets to stabilize their exchange rates in general, and the rationale for the CEE countries to peg their exchange rates to the euro in specific. Building upon the strong motivation to peg the exchange rates to the euro the paper recommends an informal euro standard as a first step for the EMU membership of the CEE countries. The informal euro standard would facilitate EMU accession by enhancing both nominal and real convergence.
Changes in Renal and Systemic Hemodynamics after NO-Synthase Inhibition in Males with Family History of Hypertension
2002-01-01

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and renal hemodynamics. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; To further investigate the role of NO in human hypertension, we studied the effect of systemic injection of N&lt;sup&gt;G&lt;/sup&gt;-monomethyl-&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-arginine (L-NMMA) on renal hemodynamics, urinary sodium excretion (FE&lt;sub&gt;Na&lt;/sub&gt;), systemic hemodynamics and several vasoactive hormones in 5 healthy male subjects with (group H) and without (group N) family history of hypertension. An intravenous infusion of L-NMMA (3 mg/kg over 10 min) or placebo was given in a randomized, double-blinded manner. GFR and ERPF were measured by inulin- and PAH-clearances. Norepinephrine infusion (0.1 μg/kg/min over 60 min) served as vasoconstrictive control infusion. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; L-NMMA induced a significant decrease in ERPF (–135 ± 49 vs. 7 ± 31 ml/min/1.73 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; with placebo, p &lt; 0.05), a decrease in FE&lt;sub&gt;Na&lt;/sub&gt; (–1.2 ± 0.6% with L-NMMA vs. 0.0 ± 0.1% with placebo), and a significant increase in diastolic blood pressure (+7 ± 1 vs. –2 ± 1 mm Hg with placebo) in group N, only. A sustained drop in plasma renin activity (–0.1 ± 0.1 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 ng/ml/h with placebo) could also be seen in this group, only. Subjects with family history of hypertension showed minor or even no response (changes in diastolic blood pressure: L-NMMA: 5 ± 3 mm Hg, placebo: 0 ± 2 mm Hg; changes in ERPF: L-NMMA: –89 ± 57 ml/min/1.73 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, placebo: –34 ± 28 ml/min/1.73 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; changes in plasma renin activity: L-NMMA: –0.0 ± 0.3 ng/ml/h, placebo: –0.1 ± 0.2 ng/ml/h). The vasoconstrictive effect of norepinephrine infusion did not differ between both groups. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Our data indicate that systemic NO synthetase inhibition by L-NMMA results in a blunted effect on systemic blood pressure and the renal hemodynamic system in subjects with family history of hypertension.
Using Scripting to Increase the Impact of Highly Interactive Learning Objects
2002-01-01

This brief contribution describes how to employ a scripting interface for proper embedding of highly interactive learning objects (Java Applets) into Web-based courseware. We start with a short overview of our current toolkit of reusable software components that allow the development of a greater pool of virtual experiments. We illustrate how we overcome their isolation by scripting from other learning objects, e.g. from course text, illustrations, or exercises. Further we discuss how to build up a community that may create and modify scripts online by using online wizards. As proofof -concept we demonstrate applications in the field of Scientific Visualization 1 .
The Multi-LDI: an Image Based Rendering Approach for Interaction, Navigation, and Visualization in Complex Vitrual Environments.
2002-01-01

In this paper, we present a new data structure for image-based rendering: the multi LDI. The multi LDI consists of a number of Layered Depth Images (LDI) covering a hemisphere of possible viewing angles. It allows compact image-based storage and fast rendering of large and complex scenes, while supporting rendering from large range of viewing directions. Since the internal occlusion in each LDI is very small, and only one of the LDIs in the multi LDI is rendered at a time, the rendering cost is significantly reduced compared to geometry-based rendering and even compared to other image-based rendering methods. Moreover, the single LDIs in the multi LDI can be generated on demand using a number of depth images rendered with an offscreen renderer. We also discuss a comparison of the geometry-based rendering and our image-based method and present some measured rendering times. Furthermore, we describe the utilization of this technique in a complex Virtual Environment (VE) for realizing navigation, visualization, and interaction aids. In particular, we present a multiple viewport technique providing two important features: (1) A sort of history during the modeling process, whereas a live 3D copy of the scene is displayed in a window in front of the user. (2) Different live views of the scene, seen from arbitrary viewpoints, in order to display details occluded in the normal view.
Outcome of patients with acute renal failure treated with intermittent or continuous renal replacement therapy depending on the initial diagnosis: a retrospective analysis
2002-01-01

Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a Brazilian ICU.Methods: This prospective observational, non-interventional study, included all consecutive patients with ARDS criteria [1] admitted in the ICU of a Brazilian tertiary hospital, between January 1997 and September 2001.Were collected in a prospective fashion the following variables: age, gender, APACHE II score at ICU admission and at ARDS diagnosis, cause of ARDS, presence of AIDS, cancer and immunosuppression, occurrence of barotrauma, performance of traqueostomy, mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), length of stay (LOS) in ICU and in hospital.The lung injury score (LIS) [2] was used to quantify the degree of pulmonary injury in the first week of ARDS.Results: There was 2182 patients (P) admitted in ICU during the study period, of whom 141 (6.46%) had ARDS criteria.Seventy-six (54%) were men, the mean age was 46 ± 18 years, APACHE II 18 ± 7 and 19 ± 7 at admission and at ARDS diagnosis, respectively.Septic shock accounted for 42% (60 P) of the ARDS causes, sepsis 22% (31 P), diffuse pulmonary infection 16% (23 P), aspiration pneumonia 11% (15 P), non-septic shock 5% (7 P) and others 4% (5 P).Ten percent (14 P) had AIDS, 30% (43 P) cancer and 25% (36 P) immunosuppression.All patients were mechanically ventilated with Tidal Volume between 4 and 8 ml/kg.Only 3.5% (5 P) had barotrauma and 10% (14 P) performed traqueostomy.Mortality rate was 79% in the ICU.The patients required 12 ± 10 days on MV, ranging from 1 to 55 days.The LOS in ICU and hospital was 14 ± 13 (1-69) days and 28 ± 32 (1-325) days, respectively.There was a time delay of 3.7 ± 4.5 days between admission in ICU and the onset of ARDS.The Murray score (mean ± SD) was 3.2 ± 0.4, 3 ± 0.5, 3 ± 0.5, 2.9 ± 0.6, 2.8 ± 0.7, 2.7 ± 0.7 and 2.6 ± 0.8 in the first 7 days, respectively.Conclusions: ARDS in our hospital has a similar incidence of reports in the USA and Europe.There was a higher mortality, which could be explained by a high incidence of infection causes of ARDS, mainly septic shock, and elevated combined occurrence of AIDS, cancer and immunosuppression, along the degree of LIS.The incidence of barotrauma was low, as a consequence of the current mechanical ventilation strategies.
Analyzing sequential data in computer-supported collaborative learning
2002-01-01

Representations and changes between them play a major role in cognitive development (e.g., Vosniadou, & Brewer, 1992) and education (e.g., Hewson, Beeth, & Thorley, 1998). By definition, change of representations is also indispensable for collaborative work since a common understanding or shared knowledge can only be achieved by a partial convergence of the knowledge structures of the collaborating subjects. This articles presents and discusses knowledge tracking (KT), viz., an approach to analyze cognition on the basis of symbolic sequential data. We present and discuss the methodological aspects of KT and delineate the Web-based computer program (knowledge tracking engine, KTE) set up to run KT-analyses (http://www.knowledge-tracking.com). An empirical study in collaborative learning is taken to exemplify the usage of KT in analysis of computer supported collaboration.
The 48 bp centromeric repeat is a functionally conserved motif in great apes and man showing protein-binding properties
2002-01-01

The centromere-kinetochore complex is a chromosomal assembly site including repeat motifs and protein binding properties thus mediating chromosome motility and mitotic regulation. Next to the alpha-satellite DNA family as well as human satellite III DNA, contribution of other repetitive sequences has to be strongly considered in centromere function. Here, we report the identification of centromeric 48 bp motifs, isolated from chimpanzee and orang-utan using an orthologous human DNA probe. Applying Southern hybridization we show that these sequences are restricted to hominoid species. Diminishing hybrid formation in gibbons suggested that the 48 bp repeat originated approximately 25-20 million years ago. Consistently, both chimpanzee as well as human repeat probes failed to generate any hybridization signal with the monkey species Cercopithecus aethiops and Aotes trivirgatus. Sequence deviations from the consensus of human repeat monomers of 6% and 10.4% in chimpanzee and orang-utan, respectively, were found within a 16 bp region of the 48 bp repeat units. Gel mobility shift assays using chimpanzee repeat dimers as probes revealed peptide-binding properties with human and chimpanzee nuclear extracts. Species-specific DNA-protein complexes remained unaffected by competition studies and indicated the presence of at least one novel interacting protein consisting of two subunits with 90 and 95 kDa. Our data suggest that the 48 bp repeat, next to alpha-satellite DNA, provides essential sequence information for specific DNA-protein interaction and they imply phylogenetic conservation of these binding properties in primates. The complex is likely involved in the proper formation and/or function of mammalian centromeres.
Estimation of contaminant mass flows in a multi-layered aquifer using pumping tests: numerical experiments at field-scale.
2002-01-01

Analytical solutions to the integral groundwater investigation approach (Teutsch et al., 2000) based on pumping tests were applied in numerical experiments at the field scale in a multi-layered aquifer system to quantify the mass flow of contaminants in groundwater. Both a depth integr ating and a new multi-layered set-up were used to derive layer-oriented information about the mass flows. For the scenario investigated, the depth integrating approach gives an acceptable estimation of the total mass flow over the whole aquifer thickness. However, to get vertically differentiated inform ation on the contamination it is necessary to apply the multi-layered approach which yields reasonable results despite some simplifying assumptions.
[Surgical endoscopy in polyps and adenomas of the colon].
2002-01-01

Endoscopic polypectomy being a standard procedure for "normal" colorectal polyps, big and complicated polyps and adenomas, however, are mostly subject to surgical operations. The analysis of 3300 polypectomies performed in the own institution with up to 36% difficult polyps shows, that using new techniques for submucosal injection (SIT) and innovative rf-surgical technologies (FC) even these difficult polyps can be removed with very low complication rates. Technical and oncological aspects however, have to be respected thoroughly.
Cerebriform Giant Melanocytic Nevus of the Scalp
2002-01-01

Cerebriform giant melanocytic nevus of the scalp is an extremely rare malformation. Clinical appearance with maceration and fetor within the crypts and the risk of malignant transformation may require surgical therapy. We report two cases with different methods of surgical management. A 27-year-old woman noticed a swelling of the parietal scalp that developed over a period of 4 years into a gyrus-like tumor measuring 12 cm × 18 cm. The crypts between the gyri could not be inspected. Serial excisions under subcutaneous infusion anesthesia were performed to reduce the size of the nevus and to flatten the surface of the scalp. The second patient, a 26-year-old man, demonstrated a giant 10 cm × 10 cm cerebriform nevus on the occiput. The nevus also contained areas of fetid maceration. After implanting a tissue expander under general anesthesia the nevus was excised. The defect was closed using a rotation flap.
[Drug therapy of psychiatric patients in the middle of the 19th century: the drug armamentarium of Ludwig Binswanger sen. in his "Asyl Bellevue" ].
2002-01-01

This paper examines the drugs used in Ludwig Binswanger's private sanatorium "Bellevue" in Kreuzlingen on the Lake of Constance between 1857 and 1870. The available patient records have revealed the administrated drugs, prescriptions have been transcribed, and the guidelines for the use of the drugs have been reconstructed by means of the literature. It becomes obvious that the armamentarium of drugs prescribed was limited and can be connected with the treatment of physical ailments which the "somatist" Binswanger considered as the main cause for psychic disorders. Binswanger was very careful when prescribing one of the few available "psychotropic" drugs like opium and morphine. This restraint in using drugs is in contrast with many recommendations and habits of Binswanger's contemporaries and shows that he put higher emphasis on the effectiveness of the "therapeutic milieu" than on a pharmacotherapy of insanity.
Modular low temperature laser scanning microscope for high magnetic fields
2002-01-01

A Low Temperature Laser Scanning Microscope (LTLSM) for use in magnetic fields up to 5 T in a temperature range from 10 K to 300 K is described. An important feature of the LTLSM is an optical performance (2 μm laser spot diameter, 250 μm×250 μm scanning field size) which is independent from sample temperature or applied magnetic field. The modular concept of the LTLSM consists of a magnet cryostat with a horizontal warm bore into which a room temperature laser scanning microscope (LSM) and an optical continuous flow cryostat for sample cooling can be inserted. This concept ensures a sample temperature independent hold time of the cryogenic magnet system (∼14 hours) and sample exchange without warming up the cryogenic magnet system. Furthermore, it allows further improvement and convenient replacement of all of its components.
The strategic effect of debt in dynamic price competition with fluctuating demand
2002-01-01

This paper shows that obligations from debt hinder tacit collusion if equity owners are protected by limited liability. In contrast to its advantageous commitment value in short-run competition, leverage reduces profits from infinite interaction. Contrasting uncorrelated shocks with a cyclical demand development, we show that in the first case optimal pricing is anticyclical. With demand cycles, it is anticyclical only if equity holders place a low value on future profits, but procyclical otherwise. In both cases, the cyclicity of prices increases with the debt level. Contrary to traditional wisdom, a lower degree of homogeneity may raise profits of leveraged firms.
Experimental check of the GDH sum rule at MAMI and ELSA
2002-01-01

The experimental check of the GDH sum rule is being performed at the tagged photon facilities of the electron accelerators MAMI (Mainz) and ELSA (Bonn), using circularly polarized photons impinging on a longitudinally polarized proton target, together with detector systems covering almost the whole solid angle range. Results from the MAMI experiment for the double polarized total photoabsorption cross section in the low energy region (200 MeV < Eγ < 800 MeV) will be shown together with their contribution to the GDH sum rule. Furthermore first results from the ELSA experiment in the higher energy region (680 MeV < Eγ < 1900 MeV) will be presented.
Ex vivo simulator for colorectal procedures
2002-01-01

A simple ex vivo model has been developed using porcine large bowel. Various endoluminal procedures can be simulated and trained in this easy-to-use model. The main advantages are realistic human-bowel configuration and use of biological tissue simulating some of the bowel-wall properties. X-ray transparent materials were used for radiological-assisted procedures and the simple set-up allows multiple use.
Robust Syntactic Annotation of Corpora and Memory-Based Parsing
2002-01-01

This talk provides an overview of current work in my research group on the syntactic annotation of the Tubingen corpus of spoken German and of the German Reference Corpus (Deutsches Referenzkorpus: DEREKO) of written texts. Morpho-syntactic and syntactic annotation as well as annotation of function-argument structure for these corpora is performed automatically by a hybrid architecture that combines robust symbolic parsing with finite-state methods (&amp;amp;quot;chunk parsing &amp;amp;quot; in the sense Abney) with memory-based parsing (in the sense of Daelemans). The resulting robust annotations can be used by theoretical linguists, who are interested in large-scale, empirical data, and by computational linguists, who are in need of training material for a wide range of language technology applications. To aid retrieval of annotated trees from the treebank, a query tool VIQTORYA with a graphical user interface and a logic-based query language has been developed. VIQTORYA allows users to query the treebanks for linguistic structures at the word level, at the level of
Hierarchical Models and Software Tools for Parallel Programming.
2002-01-01

Hierarchically structured architectures are becoming more and more pervasive in the field of parallel and high performance computing. While memory hierarchies have been recognized for a long-time, only in the last years hierarchical parallel structures have gained importance, mainly as a result of the trend towards cluster architectures and high-performance application of computational grids.