julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Communication analysis for system-on-chip design
2004-02-16

In this paper we present an approach for analysis of systems of parallel, communicating processes for SoC design. We present a method to detect communications that synchronize the program flow of two or more processes. These synchronization points set the processes into relation and allow the determination of the global timing behavior of such a system. Using the results of our method for communication analysis, we present a new method to detect communications that might produce conflicts on shared communication resources. This information can be used for the assignment of communication resources.
Verification of a microcontroller IP core for system-on-a-chip designs using low-cost prototyping environments
2004-02-16

Rapid prototyping is a fast and efficient way for the functional verification of systems-on-a-chip in an early stage of the design process. Because of the rising part of software in those systems the use and reuse of microcontroller IP cores is necessary to keep development cycles short. Today, prototyping of such IP cores is done with large and expensive hardware emulation machines consisting of many processor or FPGA-based prototyping boards. In this paper the authors describe an alternative prototyping method for microcontrollers using one low-cost FPGA-based prototyping board. The method is based on the efficient usage of all resources of the prototyping system to emulate special parts of the microcontroller.
SystemC and SystemVerilog: Where do they fit? Where are they going?
2004-02-16

There is tremendous interest in design languages these days - and more particularly, SystemC and SystemVerilog. Sometimes the truth about design languages can be obscured by marketing and the press. This panel is meant to deepen the technical understanding of the DATE audience on the issue of design languages. It contains five technical experts - an academic expert in design languages and SystemC and SystemVerilog in particular; a language expert for each of SystemC and SystemVerilog; and a user expert for these two languages. The language experts have been heavily involved in the specification and evolution of their respective languages. The user experts have been heavily involved in developing use methodologies for these languages within their own design communities, and in applying them to real design problems. The panellists will consider the questions: 1) what are the key capabilities of these languages and what do they offer to users?; 2) which design problems are they best used for? what is their scope?; 3) how has application of these languages to real design problems improved the productivity of designers and the quality of the design results?; and 4) where should the languages develop further capabilities?.
Nitric Oxide and Wound Healing
2004-02-17

Abstract Nitric oxide is a short‐lived free radical that acts at the molecular, cellular, and physiologic level. Since its discovery almost 20 years ago it has proven itself as an important element in wound healing. This review highlights many of the important aspects of nitric oxide in wound healing, including a review of the basic biology of nitric oxide, its role as part of the cytokine cascade and as a promoter of angiogenesis, as well as its more recently elucidated role in apoptosis.
Chiral Separation by Capillary Electrochromatography Using Cyclodextrin Phases
2004-02-17

Cyclodextrin and its derivatives are well known chiral selectors in gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and also in capillary electrochromatography (CEC), a hybrid method of CE and liquid chromatography (LC). The separation of enantiomers by CEC on cyclodextrin stationary phases (1–4) can be achieved by three different methods: (i) open tubular capillary electrochromatography (o-CEC); (ii) packed capillary electrochromatography (p-CEC); and (iii) rod-CEC. In o-CEC, the internal capillary wall is coated with the chiral stationary phase (see Fig. 1), e.g., with Chirasil-Dex (see Fig. 2), which is a permethyl-β-cyclodextrin covalently linked via a spacer to dimethylpolysiloxane (4–6). For p-CEC, using capillaries filled with typical chiral HPLC packing materials, two different techniques for fixing cyclodextrins or its derivatives to the silica are described: (i) the cyclodextrin or its derivatives are covalently bound via a spacer to the silica particles (4,7) (e.g., Chira-Dex-silica [see Fig. 2]); or (ii) Chirasil-Dex is immobilized on the silica material (4,8). The packing bed is held in position by frits, and detection occurs in the empty part of the capillary (see Fig. 1). In rod-CEC, columns consisting of a porous solid prepared by an in situ sol-gel-process (9) or by sintering of silica (10) were used. For enantiomer separation, the resulting monolith is derivatized with Chirasil-Dex (9,10) (see Fig. 1).
Heteropolyboranes With the Heavier Group 14 Elements
2004-02-17

Introduction Syntheses of Heteropolyboranes With Heavier Group 14 Elements Twelve Vertex Closo-heteroboranes Eleven Vertex Nido-heteroboranes Smaller Heteropolyboranes Adducts of Disila-closo-dodecaborane References
The time back to the most recent common ancestor in exchangeable population models
2004-02-18

A class of haploid population models with population size N , nonoverlapping generations and exchangeable offspring distribution is considered. Based on an analysis of the discrete ancestral process, we present solutions, algorithms and strong upper bounds for the expected time back to the most recent common ancestor which hold for arbitrary sample size n ∈ {1,..., N }. New insights into the asymptotic behaviour of the expected time back to the most recent common ancestor for large population size are presented relating the results to coalescent theory.
The integration of experimental in‐situ EBSD observations and numerical simulations: a novel technique of microstructural process analysis
2004-02-19

Summary The combination of subgrain‐ and grain‐scale microstructural data collected during in‐situ heating experiments and numerical simulations of equivalent microstructural development offers an innovative and powerful tool in the advancement of the understanding of microstructural processes. We present a system that fully integrates subgrain‐ to grain‐scale crystallographic data obtained during in‐situ observations during heating experiments in a scanning electron microscope and the two‐dimensional hybrid numerical modelling system Elle. Such a system offers the unique opportunity to test and verify theories for microstructural development, as predictions made by numerical simulations can be directly coupled to appropriate physical experiments and, conversely, theoretical explanations of experimental observations should be testable with numerical simulations. Discrepancies between data obtained with both techniques suggest the need for an in‐depth investigation and thus open up new avenues of theory development, modification and verification. In addition, because in numerical models it is possible to select the processes modelled, the effect of individual processes on the microstructural development of a specific material can be quantified. To illustrate the potential and methodology of the so‐called EBSD2Elle system, two in‐situ experiments and their equivalent numerical experiments are presented. These are static heating experiments of (a) an annealed Ni‐foil coupled with a front tracking model for grain growth and (b) a cold deformed rock salt with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations for subgrain growth.
Fragments of a History of the Theory of Self-Consciousness from Kant to Kierkegaard
2004-02-19

In the development of modern philosophy self-consciousness was not generally or unanimously given important consideration. This was because philosophers such as Descartes, Kant and Fichte thought it served as the highest principle from which we can 'deduce' all propositions that rightly claimed validity. However, the Romantics thought that the consideration of self-consciousness was of the highest importance even when any claim to foundationalism was abandoned. In this respect, Hölderlin and his circle, as well as Novalis and Schleiermacher, thought that self-consciousness, itself, was not a principle but must be ranked on a minor or dependent level, and presupposed the Absolute as a superior but inaccessible condition or ground. This reservation did not hinder them from recognising that the foundationalist Fichte was the first to have shown conclusively that from Descartes, via German Rationalism and British Empiricism, up to Kant, self-consciousness was misconceived of as the result of an act of reflection by which a second-order act bent back upon a first-order act that is identical to itself. This conception entailed circular entanglements and infinite regresses, and was too high a price to pay. Whereas Fichte thought pre-reflexive self-awareness was a philosophical principle, the Romantics and their vehement critic Kierkegaard, abandoned the idea of self-consciousness as a foundational starting point of philosophy. Instead, they founded self-consciousness on transcendent Being, a prior non-conceptual consciousness ('feeling') and reproached Fichte for having fallen back into the repudiated reflection model of self-consciousness.
A functional polymorphism regulating dopamine β‐hydroxylase influences against Parkinson's disease
2004-02-20

Abstract A functional −1021C → T polymorphism in the dopamine β‐hydroxylase gene has been demonstrated to regulate plasma DBH activity. We report that individuals with genetically determined low serum DBH activity (genotype T/T) have protection against Parkinson's disease ( p = 0.01). In particular, we observed an underrepresentation of the T/T genotype odds ratio = 0.46 (CI = 0.27‐0.8). Rather than identifying a haplotype, or a marker in linkage disequilibrium with the risk variant, this to our knowledge is the first report directly linking PD susceptibility with a proven functional variant. Ann Neurol 2004
Inactivation of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx
2004-02-22

Abstract Defects in the system controlling the cell cycle can lead an increased proliferation of cancer cells. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship between genetic changes leading to inactivation of the CDKN2A gene and subsequent alteration of protein expression in squamous cell cancer of the larynx (SCCL) in connection with the clinical and histopathological course of the disease. Analysis was carried out on DNA isolated from the blood and primary larynx cancer cells of 62 patients. To investigate loss of heterozygosity (LOH), PCR fragment analysis was applied. The size and quantity of fluorescent PCR products were evaluated in an automated sequencer. Specific chemical methylation with sodium bisulfite in a sequential PCR reaction (MSP) was applied to analyze promoter methylation. Cancer tissue sections served to determine the level of protein expression with immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and commercial antibodies. LOH at the CDKN2A locus was observed in 55.35% of the informative cases. Aberrant methylation was found in 37.5% and a decreased level of protein expression observed in 45% of all informative cases. Whenever P16 expression was decreased, LOH and promoter hypermethylation at CDKN2A were observed with a frequency of 73.33% and 80.95%, respectively (Fisher's test, P &lt; 0.005). Sixty‐nine percent of G3 tumors had at least one genetic alteration at CDKN2A , compared with 40.9% of G1 cancers. The results indicate that CDKN2A inactivation played a significant role in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fosmidomycin‐Clindamycin forPlasmodium falciparumInfections in African Children
2004-02-23

The combination of fosmidomycin and clindamycin is well tolerated and superior to either agent on its own with respect to the rapid and radical clearance of P. falciparum infections in African children.
Partitioning-Defective Protein 6 Regulates Insulin-Dependent Glycogen Synthesis via Atypical Protein Kinase C
2004-02-24

The atypical isoforms of protein kinase C (aPKCs) play an important role in insulin signaling and are involved in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in different cell systems. On the other hand, aPKCs also are able to negatively regulate important proteins for insulin signaling, like phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B/Akt. To find aPKC-interacting proteins that may promote positive or negative activities of aPKCs, a yeast two-hybrid screen was performed. Partitioning-defective protein 6 (Par6) was detected in human cDNA libraries of different adult insulin-sensitive tissues. Although Par6 is known as an aPKC-interacting protein during development, no role for Par6 in insulin signaling has been reported so far. We therefore studied the effects of Par6 overexpression in C2C12 murine myoblasts. In these cells, Par6 associated constitutively with endogenous aPKCs, and the expression level as well as the activity of aPKCs were increased. Insulin-dependent association of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with insulin receptor substrate 1 was hampered and the phosphorylation of Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha/beta was significantly impaired after stimulation with insulin or with platelet-derived growth factor. Consequently, insulin-dependent glycogen synthesis was down-regulated (1.44 vs. 2.24 fold, P < 0.01). We therefore suggest that Par6 acts as a negative regulator of the insulin signal.
Inflation and wavelets for the icosahedral Danzer tiling
2004-02-24

The distribution of atoms in quasi-crystals lacks periodicity and displays point symmetry associated with non-crystallographic modules. Often it can be described by quasi-periodic tilings on built from a finite number of prototiles. The modules and the canonical tilings of five-fold and icosahedral point symmetry admit inflation symmetry. In the simplest case of stone inflation, any prototile when scaled by the golden section number ? can be packed from unscaled prototiles. Observables supported on for quasi-crystals require symmetry-adapted function spaces. We construct wavelet bases on for the icosahedral Danzer tiling. The stone inflation of the four Danzer prototiles is given explicitly in terms of Euclidean group operations acting on . By acting with the unitary representations inverse to these operations on the characteristic functions of the prototiles, we recursively provide a full orthogonal wavelet basis of . It incorporates the icosahedral and inflation symmetry.
Magnetization screening from gluonic currents and scaling-law violation in the ratio of magnetic form factors for neutron and proton
2004-02-24

The ratio exhibits a decrease for four-momentum transfer\\nQ^2 increasing beyond 1 GeV^2 indicating different spatial distributions for\\ncharge and for magnetization inside the proton. One-gluon exchange currents can\\nexplain this behaviour. The SU(6) breaking induced by gluonic currents predicts\\nfurthermore that the ratio of neutron to proton magnetic form factors\\n falls with increasing Q^2. We find that the\\nexperimental data are consistent with our expectations of an almost linear\\ndecrease of the ratio with increasing Q^2,\\nsupporting the statement that the spatial distributions of magnetization are\\ndifferent for protons and for neutrons.\\n
Shareholding structure, depoliticization and firm performance
2004-02-25

Abstract In this study we use a dataset that provides information on Chinese Communist Party grassroots organizations’ political control over decision‐making in China's listed firms. Specifically, we examine how different types of shareholders affect (1) the party's level of decision‐making power and (2) the implications of party control for firm performance. We obtain two major results. First, we find that the proportion of shares held by domestic individual shareholders is negatively related to the party's level of decision‐making power. Second, we find that the existence of large institutional investors is associated with a reduced negative performance effect of party control. Our results suggest that both the exit and the voice channels may offer mechanisms for depoliticizing China's listed firms and improving their performance. This study both addresses an important corporate governance issue relevant to China's listed firms and offers interesting information in terms of comparative studies of corporate governance and reform strategies in transitional economies.
Evolutions in 3D numerical relativity using fixed mesh refinement
2004-02-26

We present results of 3D numerical simulations using a finite difference code featuring fixed mesh refinement (FMR), in which a subset of the computational domain is refined in space and time. We apply this code to a series of test cases including a robust stability test, a nonlinear gauge wave and an excised Schwarzschild black hole in an evolving gauge. We find that the mesh refinement results are comparable in accuracy, stability and convergence to unigrid simulations with the same effective resolution. At the same time, the use of FMR reduces the computational resources needed to obtain a given accuracy. Particular care must be taken at the interfaces between coarse and fine grids to avoid a loss of convergence at higher resolutions, and we introduce the use of 'buffer zones' as one resolution of this issue. We also introduce a new method for initial data generation, which enables higher order interpolation in time even from the initial time slice. This FMR system, 'Carpet', is a driver module in the freely available Cactus computational infrastructure, and is able to endow generic existing Cactus simulation modules ('thorns') with FMR with little or no extra effort.
Acute myeloid leukaemia with t(8;21) associated with “occult” mastocytosis. Report of an unusual case and review of the literature
2004-02-27

Approximately 20% of patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) have an associated haematological, clonal, non-mast cell lineage disease, and most exhibit an associated myelogenous neoplasm. This report describes a 48 year old man with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and a type t(8;21) cytogenetic abnormality. Associated bone marrow mastocytosis (a defined subtype of SM) was only detected after successful polychemotherapy in the state of bone marrow aplasia, and persisted after complete remission of AML. The diagnosis of mastocytosis was based on the demonstration of a multifocal dense mastocytic infiltrate. The atypical mast cells showed prominent spindling and an aberrant immunophenotype, with coexpression of tryptase, chymase, KIT, and CD25—which is expressed only on neoplastic (not normal) mast cells. In addition, the transforming somatic mutation D816V of the c-kit gene was detected. Re-examination of the pretherapeutic (initial) bone marrow revealed a slight diffuse increase in partially spindle shaped mast cells also exhibiting an abnormal immunophenotype, with CD25 expression, although compact mastocytic infiltrates were not detected. Because the D816V mutation was detected in the initial bone marrow specimen, strict application of three minor diagnostic criteria (spindling, CD25, D816V) enabled a diagnosis of SM-AML to be confirmed retrospectively in the initial bone marrow tissue.
B-Waves in Cerebral and Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Pulsation Measurement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
2004-02-27

The data support that B-waves are a physiologic phenomenon. They can be delineated in the spinal and cerebral CSF. A higher amount of spinal B-waves reflects a stronger venous and respiratory influence.
Pair production by photons in a hot Maxwellian plasma
2004-02-27

The production of electron-positron pairs by photons in the Coulomb field of electrons and positrons (triplet production) in hot thermal plasmas is investigated. The pair production rate for this process is calculated as a function of the photon energy and compared with the rate of photon-nucleus pair production for semirelativistic and relativistic plasma temperatures.
Chemotaxis Inhibitory Protein of Staphylococcus aureus, a Bacterial Antiinflammatory Agent
2004-03-01

Leukocyte migration is a key event both in host defense against invading pathogens as well as in inflammation. Bacteria generate chemoattractants primarily by excretion (formylated peptides), complement activation (C5a), and subsequently through activation of leukocytes (e.g., leukotriene B4, platelet-activating factor, and interleukin 8). Here we describe a new protein secreted by Staphylococcus aureus that specifically impairs the response of neutrophils and monocytes to formylated peptides and C5a. This chemotaxis inhibitory protein of S. aureus (CHIPS) is a 14.1-kD protein encoded on a bacteriophage and is found in &amp;gt;60% of clinical isolates. CHIPS reduces the neutrophil recruitment toward C5a in a mouse peritonitis model, even though its activity is much more potent on human than on mouse cells. These findings suggest a new immune escape mechanism of S. aureus and put forward CHIPS as a potential new antiinflammatory therapeutic compound.
A Stepwise Dissection of the Intracellular Fate of Cationic Cell-penetrating Peptides
2004-03-01

The role of endosomal acidification and retrograde transport for the uptake of the highly basic cell-penetrating peptides penetratin, Tat, and oligoarginine was investigated. The effect of a panel of drugs that interfere with discrete steps of endocytosis or Golgi-mediated transport on uptake and cellular distribution of fluorescein-labeled peptide analogues was probed by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy of whole cell lysates. The analyses were carried out in MC57 fibrosarcoma cells and in HeLa cells. While MC57 fibrosarcoma cells showed some vesicular fluorescence and a pronounced cytoplasmic fluorescence, in HeLa cells little cytoplasmic fluorescence was observed. In MC57 cells the inhibitors of endosomal acidification chloroquine and bafilomycin A1 abolished the release of the peptides into the cytoplasm. Release into the cytosol preserved endosomal integrity. In addition, cellular uptake of the peptides was inhibited by brefeldin A, a compound interfering with trafficking in the trans-Golgi network. In contrast, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a drug that stimulates the rapid retrograde movement of both Golgi stacks and trans-Golgi network to the endoplasmic reticulum, promoted a cytoplasmic localization of Tat peptides in peptide-pulsed HeLa cells. The effects of these drugs on trafficking shared characteristics with those reported for the trafficking of plant and bacterial toxins, such as cholera toxin, which reach the cytoplasm by means of retrograde transport. A sequence comparison revealed a common stretch of 8-10 amino acids with high sequence homology to the Tat peptide. The structural and functional data therefore strongly suggest a common mechanism of import for cationic cell-penetrating peptides and the toxins.