julilili42/papers huggingface dataset:
Answering Natural Language Questions with Intui3.
2014-01-01

Intui3 is one of the participating systems at the fourth evaluation campaign on multilingual question answering over linked data, QALD4. The system accepts as input a question formulated in natural language (in English), and uses syntactic and semantic information to construct its interpretation with respect to a given database of RDF triples (in this case DBpedia 3.9). The interpretation is mapped to the corresponding SPARQL query, which is then run against a SPARQL endpoint to retrieve the answers to the initial question. Intui3 competed in the challenge called Task 1: Multilingual question answering over linked data, which offered 200 training questions and 50 test questions in 7 different languages. It obtained an F-measure of 0.24 by providing a correct answer to 10 of the test questions and a partial answer to 4 of them.
Different Concepts of Generation and their Impact on Intergenerational Learning
2014-01-01

In recent years, intergenerational learning has become a major topic in research. Nevertheless, a theory of intergenerational learning is still missing and empirical research seems to deliver very different results as investigations are usually related to just one scenario of intergenerational learning.
Offering cMOOCs Collaboratively: The COER13 Experience from the Convenors’ Perspective
2014-01-01

espanolLa atencion se centra en como perciben los coordinadores del esfuerzo de colaboracion de la planificacion e implementacion de este cMOOC, y en las lecciones aprendidas en el proceso. COER13 , el “Curso en linea sobre Recursos Educativos Abiertos (REA)” , dirigidas a aumentar el conocimiento de los recursos educativos abiertos. Fue ofrecido en la primavera / verano de 2013 en una empresa conjunta por ocho expertos en e-learning de Austria y Alemania con afiliaciones a cinco instituciones diferentes. El curso fue disenado para permitir a los participantes que adquieran mayores conocimientos sobre los REA y, finalmente, para generar una pequena pieza REA. Que atrajo a mas de 1.000 participantes registrados y instigada animados debates sobre diversos canales de comunicacion medios de comunicacion social. En este trabajo, la experiencia se describe y se discute sobre la base de entrevistas con cinco de los ocho coordinadores, dirigido y analizado por un experto externo. Las recomendaciones finales se pueden beneficiar de los futuros coordinadores (c) MOOCs. EnglishThis paper shares the experience of offering the community-oriented MOOC called “COER13.” The focus is on how the convenors perceived the collaborative endeavor of planning and implementing this cMOOC, and on the lessons learnt in the process. COER13, the “Online Course on Open Educational Resources (OER)”, aimed at increasing awareness of open educational resources. It was offered in Spring/Summer 2013 in a joint venture by eight e-learning experts from Austria and Germany with affiliations to five different institutions. The course was designed to enable participants to become more knowledgeable about OER and finally to generate a small OER-piece. It attracted over 1000 registered participants and instigated lively discussions over various social media communication channels. In this paper, the experience is described and discussed on the basis of interviews with five of the eight convenors, led and analyzed by an external expert. The final recommendations may benefit future convenors of (c) MOOCs.
Focus Annotation in Reading Comprehension Data
2014-01-01

When characterizing the information structure of sentences, the so-called focus identifies the part of a sentence addressing the current question under discussion in the discourse.While this notion is precisely defined in formal semantics and potentially very useful in theoretical and practical terms, it has turned out to be difficult to reliably annotate focus in corpus data.We present a new focus annotation effort designed to overcome this problem.On the one hand, it is based on a task-based corpus providing more explicit context.The annotation study is based on the CREG corpus (Ott et al., 2012), which consists of answers to explicitly given reading comprehension questions.On the other hand, we operationalize focus annotation as an incremental process including several substeps which provide guidance, such as explicit answer typing.We evaluate the focus annotation both intrinsically by calculating agreement between annotators and extrinsically by showing that the focus information substantially improves the automatic meaning assessment of answers in the CoMiC system (Meurers et al., 2011).
Imaging genetics in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a way towards pathophysiological understanding?
2014-01-01

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, early-onset and enduring developmental disorder whose underlying etiological and neurobiological processes are the current focus of major research. Research strategies have made considerable effort in elucidating the complex genetic architecture of ADHD and indicate various pathways from genotype to phenotype. Understanding ADHD as a neuropsychiatric disorder enabled to investigate markers of neural activity as endophenotypes to better explain the link from gene to symptomatology (the so-called imaging genetics approach). Overcoming the originally rather restrictive requirements for an endophenotype, imaging genetics studies are supposed to offer a much more flexible and hypothesis-driven approach towards the etiology of ADHD. Although 1) ADHD often persists into adulthood, thus remaining a prevalent disorder, and 2) imaging genetics provides a promising research approach, a review on imaging genetics in adult ADHD - as available for childhood ADHD (Durston 2010) - is lacking. In this review, therefore, findings from the few available imaging genetics studies in adult ADHD will be summarized and complemented by relevant findings from healthy controls and children with ADHD that are considered important for the adult ADHD imaging genetics approach. The studies will be reviewed regarding implications for basic research and possible practical applications. Imaging genetics studies in adult ADHD have the potential to further clarify pathophysiological pathways and mechanisms, to derive new testable hypotheses, to investigate genetic interaction effects and to partly influence practical applications. In combination with other research strategies, they can incrementally foster the understanding of relevant processes in a more comprehensive way. Current limitations comprise the incapability to discover new genes, a high genetic load in patients potentially obscuring the effect of single candidate genes, the mostly unknown heritability of the endophenotype and the heterogeneous manifestation of ADHD.
Analysis of Post-Burial Soil Developments of Pre-AD 79 Roman Paleosols near Pompeii (Italy)
2014-01-01

The AD 79 eruption of Somma-Vesuvius completely buried the ancient landscape around Pompeii (Italy) to some extent conserving the pre-AD 79 Roman paleosols of the Sarno River plain. To estimate potential post-burial soil developments of these paleosols detailed soil liquid and solid phase analysis were carried out. Firstly, an in-situ soil hydrological monitoring was conducted within a pre-AD 79 paleosol in natural undisturbed stratification. The results show that soil water flow and nutrient transport from the overlying volcanic deposits into the pre-AD 79 paleosol take place. Secondly, to estimate their influence on the paleosol’s mineral soil properties, the solid phase of four pre-AD 79 paleosols and associated modern unburied soils were analysed and compared. By combining the data from the soil liquid and solid phase analysis, potential post-burial changes in the paleosols were estimated. Finally, a rise of the mean groundwater table was determined since AD 79. This distinguishes the Sarno River plain into two different zones of post-burial soil developments: 1) lower altitudes where formerly terrestrial paleosols are now influenced by groundwater dynamics and 2) higher altitudes where the paleosols are still part of the vadose zone and rather influenced by infiltration water or interflow. Thus, the mechanism of potential post-burial soil development being active in the pre-AD 79 paleosols is not uniform for the entire Sarno River plain but strongly depends on the paleotopographic situation.
Exploring Measures of "Readability" for Spoken Language: Analyzing linguistic features of subtitles to identify age-specific TV programs
2014-01-01

We investigate whether measures of readability can be used to identify age-specific TV programs.Based on a corpus of BBC TV subtitles, we employ a range of linguistic readability features motivated by Second Language Acquisition and Psycholinguistics research.Our hypothesis that such readability features can successfully distinguish between spoken language targeting different age groups is fully confirmed.The classifiers we trained on the basis of these readability features achieve a classification accuracy of 95.9%.Investigating several feature subsets, we show that the authentic material targeting specific age groups exhibits a broad range of linguistics and psycholinguistic characteristics that are indicative of the complexity of the language used.
Adult Neurogenesis and Glial Oncogenesis: When the Process Fails
2014-01-01

Malignant brain tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are known for their high degree of invasiveness, aggressiveness, and lethality. These tumors are made up of heterogeneous cell populations and only a small part of these cells (known as cancer stem cells) is responsible for the initiation and recurrence of the tumor. The biology of cancer stem cells and their role in brain tumor growth and therapeutic resistance has been extensively investigated. Recent work suggests that glial tumors arise from neural stem cells that undergo a defective process of differentiation. The understanding of this process might permit the development of novel treatment strategies targeting cancer stem cells. In the present review, we address the mechanisms underlying glial tumor formation, paying special attention to cancer stem cells and the role of the microenvironment in preserving them and promoting tumor growth. Recent advancements in cancer stem cell biology, especially regarding tumor initiation and resistance to chemo- or radiotherapy, have led to the development of novel treatment strategies that focus on the niche of the stem cells that make up the tumor. Encouraging results from preclinical studies predict that these findings will be translated into the clinical field in the near future.
Developmental Stage-Specific Regulation of the Circadian Clock by Temperature in Zebrafish
2014-01-01

The circadian clock enables animals to adapt their physiology and behaviour in anticipation of the day-night cycle. Light and temperature represent two key environmental timing cues (zeitgebers) able to reset this mechanism and so maintain its synchronization with the environmental cycle. One key challenge is to unravel how the regulation of the clock by zeitgebers matures during early development. The zebrafish is an ideal model for studying circadian clock ontogeny since the process of development occurs ex utero in an optically transparent chorion and many tools are available for genetic analysis. However, the role played by temperature in regulating the clock during zebrafish development is poorly understood. Here, we have established a clock-regulated luciferase reporter transgenic zebrafish line (Tg (−3.1) per1b ::luc) to study the effects of temperature on clock entrainment. We reveal that under complete darkness, from an early developmental stage onwards (48 to 72 hpf), exposure to temperature cycles is a prerequisite for the establishment of self-sustaining rhythms of zfper1b , zfaanat2 , and zfirbp expression and also for circadian cell cycle rhythms. Furthermore, we show that following the 5–9 somite stage, the expression of zfper1b is regulated by acute temperature shifts.
Increased Oxidative Stress Response in Granulocytes from Older Patients with a Hip Fracture May Account for Slow Regeneration
2014-01-01

Proximal femur fracture, a typical fracture of the elderly, is often associated with morbidity, reduced quality of life, impaired physical function and increased mortality. There exists evidence that responses of the hematopoietic microenvironment to fractures change with age. Therefore, we investigated oxidative stress markers and oxidative stress-related MAPK activation in granulocytes from the young and the elderly with and without fractured long bones. Lipid peroxidation levels were increased in the elderly controls and patients. Aged granulocytes were more sensitive towards oxidative stress induced damage than young granulocytes. This might be due to the basally increased expression of SOD-1 in the elderly, which was not further induced by fractures, as observed in young patients. This might be caused by an altered MAPK activation. In aged granulocytes basal p38 and JNK activities were increased and basal ERK1/2 activity was decreased. Following fracture, JNK activity decreased, while ERK1/2 and p38 activities increased in both age groups. Control experiments with HL60 cells revealed that the observed p38 activation depends strongly on age. Summarizing, we observed age-dependent changes in the oxidative stress response system of granulocytes after fractures, for example, altered MAPK activation and SOD-1 expression. This makes aged granulocytes vulnerable to the stress stimuli of the fracture and following surgery.
An Arabidopsis and Tomato Mesophyll Protoplast System for Fast Identification of Early MAMP-Triggered Immunity-Suppressing Effectors
2014-01-01

Transient expression in plant mesophyll protoplasts allows rapid characterisation of gene functions in vivo in a simplified and synchronized manner without bias due to the use of bacteria-based gene or protein delivery systems. It offers the possibility to test whether microbial effectors can subvert early events of plant immune signaling that are activated upon recognition of Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs), the so-called MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). Here, we describe the isolation and transfection with effector genes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum mesophyll protoplasts, the use of a non-invasive luciferase reporter assay and a simple method to detect activated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) to identify and study, in a medium-throughput manner, new effectors suppressing early signal transduction events of MTI.
A spectral decomposition for the block counting process of the Bolthausen-Sznitman coalescent
2014-01-01

A spectral decomposition for the generator and the transition probabilities of the block\\ncounting process of the Bolthausen-Sznitman coalescent is derived. This decomposition is\\nclosely related to the Stirling numbers of the first and second kind. The proof is based\\non generating functions and exploits a certain factorization property of the\\nBolthausen-Sznitman coalescent. As an application we derive a formula for the hitting\\nprobability that the block counting process of the Bolthausen-Sznitman coalescent\\never visits state when started from state . Moreover, explicit formulas are\\nderived for the moments and the distribution function of the absorption time of\\nthe Bolthausen-Sznitman coalescent started in a partition with blocks. We provide an\\nelementary proof for the well known convergence of in distribution to\\nthe standard Gumbel distribution. It is shown that the speed of this convergence is of\\norder .
New Process Technologies for the Deposition of Semiconducting Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Sensing
2014-01-01

Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) is known to enable a direct deposition of a variety of nanoparticle materials onto various type of sensor substrates. Nevertheless, the directly deposited sensing layers come with intrinsic drawbacks such as high baseline resistivity and fragility, both associated to their extremely high porosity. Accordingly, here, we are showing that by applying a lamination process for the sensor preparation it is possible to overcome those problems. Compression leads to a lower baseline resistance, a gain in terms of sensor response and a more robust sensing layer, compared to the directly deposited counterpart.
Middle Miocene remains ofAlytes(Anura, Alytidae) as an example of the unrecognized value of fossil fragments for evolutionary morphology studies
2014-01-01

Fragmentary anuran remains (an ilium and radioulna) from the middle Miocene of Moratilla 2 (Teruel Province, Spain) are identified, using qualitative characters and geometric morphometrics, as belonging to a new unnamed species of midwife toad, of the extant anuran genus Alytes (Alytidae). The Moratilla 2 fossils of Alytes are dated to ca. 16-17 Ma, prior to the early splits that resulted in the current Alytes diversification. Our biometric study of the fossil radioulnar fragment, an element usually considered uninformative, has revealed convergent adaptive trends in forearm locomotor performance within the genus. This finding would have remained hidden otherwise, because neither molecular approaches nor the comparative osteology of living forms would have detected it. A model for the evolutionary history of midwife toads is proposed, as a case example of how molecular phylogeographic results can be combined with morphological and paleontological studies at the genus level. Historical models of morphological adaptation at low taxonomic and anatomical levels now seem feasible using quantitative reconstructions of fossil fragments. In the future, these models can be compared with independently derived data based on environmental history. © 2014 by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology.
Streptavidin binding as a model to characterize thiol–ene chemistry-based polyamine surfaces for reversible photonic protein biosensing
2014-01-01

Biotin- and iminobiotin-bonded surfaces obtained by thiol-ene chemistry and subsequent modification with polyamines were characterized with respect to streptavidin-binding capacity and reversibility for photonic biosensing using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Mach-Zehnder-interferometric sensors. The streptavidin-iminobiotin system was exploited for reversible multilayer deposition and determination of affinity constants on each layer.
Dinuclear copper complexes: coordination of Group 14 heteroborates
2014-01-01

The dinuclear copper(<sc>i</sc>) complex [Cu<sub>2</sub>(μ-dmapm)(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)<sub>2</sub>][BF<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub> was reacted with Group 14 heteroborates. Four different coordination motives have been characterized.
A new bidirectional intraperitoneal and systemic induction chemotherapy (BISIC) for the peritoneal metastasis from gastric cancer in neoadjuvant setting
2014-01-01

A phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a Bidirectional intraperitoneal and systemic induction chemotherapy (BISIC) were performed in patients with Peritoneal metastasis (PM) from gastric cancer in neoadjuvant setting.Sixty-one patients were treated with oral administration of S1 (60 mg/m 2 /day) for 14 consecutive days, followed by 7 days rest, plus intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intravascular (i.v.) administration of docetaxel and cisplatin (30 mg/m 2 each) on day 1 and on day 8.The treatment course was repeated every 3 weeks for 3 times.Positive cytological results in 38 patients before BISIC became negative in 27 (71.1%)patients after BISIC.After BISIC, 44 patients received laparotomy and CRS, and complete cytoreduction was achieved in 28 of 44 patients (64%).During BISIC, side effects of grade 3 and 4 were found in 6 (9.9%) patients.After CRS, 7 (15.8%)and 3 (6.8%)patients developed Grade 3 and 4 complications.The overall operative mortality rate was 4.5% (2/44).Histologic effects on primary tumors were found in 87.9% (29/33 tumors).Complete histologic disappearance of PM was observed in 10 (22.7%) of 44 patients.Median survival time (MST) was 15.1 months, with a one and two-year survival of 62.4%, and 44.0%.BISIC therapy is safe and effective in gastric cancer patients with PM.
Influence of Conduction Mechanism Changes on the Sensor Performance of SMOX Based Gas Sensors
2014-01-01

DC electrical resistance measurements on undoped polycrystalline SnO2 thick film sensing layers are performed to check if, under CO exposure in realistic application conditions (dry or humid air), a change in conduction mechanism is possible. The results show for CO concentrations below 250 ppm in dry air, that the conduction through the sensing layer is controlled by the surface depletion layer. Increasing the CO concentration in humid air, a change in conduction mechanism can be observed at CO concentrations below 15 ppm. In the present studies, the possibility and consequences of changes in the conduction mechanism for sensing with SnO2, as the most studied and used SMOX, are evaluated.
Reconstruction of scaphoid nonunion fractures of the proximal one third with a vascularized bone graft from the distal radius.
2014-01-01

In our negative selected patient group, we were able to achieve good results with the usage of a pedicled vascularized bone graft of the distal radius. Our results indicate a favorable outcome for the use of a pedicled vascularized distal radius bone graft in both scaphoid nonunion fractures of the proximal third, with or without an avascular proximal pole.
Manipulating the excitation transfer in Photosystem I using a Fabry–Perot metal resonator with optical subwavelength dimensions
2014-01-01

We demonstrate controlled modification of the fluorescence and energy transfer properties of Photosystem I (PSI) - one of the most important light harvesting systems - by using a newly developed approach to produce optical subwavelength microcavities for cryogenic temperature issues. The experiments were carried out on PSI from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis as it shows a broad and structured fluorescence emission. By changing the distance between the cavity forming mirrors, the electromagnetic field mode structure around PSI is varied affecting the emission and energy transfer properties, which allows us to selectively enhance signals of resonant emitters and suppress off-resonant emission. By comparing the experimental data with simulations, we are able to show how excitation transfer within PSI is affected by the microcavity. The ability to control the energy transfer within such efficient energy converters as photosynthetic proteins can establish the opportunity for enhancing the efficiencies of bio-solar applications. The defined control of the resonance conditions by microcavities makes them a preferable tool to study the effects of additional electromagnetic modes on the energy transfer in any coupled multi-chromophore system. The resonator geometry excludes the direct contact of the proteins with any surface. Possible quenching or denaturation of the complexes close to metal surfaces is still an insuperable obstacle for studies with proteins and nanostructures, which can be avoided by resonators.
Robust Detection of Liver Steatosis and Staging of NAFLD by an Improved ELISA for Serum Cytokeratin-18 Fragments
2014-01-01

1 Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany 2 Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Correspondence: Heike Bantel, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]