context: The gramophone is a modification of the phonograph, independently invented in 1877 by Charles Croe and Thomas Edison [1]. Emil Berliner, familiarizing himself with the work of Cro, decided to use discs instead of cylinders to record and play sounds. The new invention, called a gramophone, was patented by Berliner on September 26 1887 of the year [1]. The phonograph records were originally made of ebonite, then shellac. The world's first record was zinc. The cutter, attached through a leash to a vibrating membrane that perceives sounds, applies a modulated spiral trace on the varnish disk (initially on the soot layer, then wax), which is transferred to the plate during replication. When the disk rotates by means of a spring mechanism, the gramophone needle moves along the disk spiral and causes the corresponding vibrations of the vibrating plate. The main advantage of the gramophone over the phonograph is the transverse recording, which provides a tenfold reduction in distortion, as well as a louder sound (in the first models - 16 times, or 24 dB). Together with the ease of duplication of records, this ensured a quick victory for the gramophone.
question: In what year did the gramophone invented?
answers.text: 1887