jswizzle3737/ontario_laws_and_regs huggingface dataset:
7.2.7.3. Brass or Bronze Threaded Water Fittings (1) Brass or bronze threaded water fittings shall conform to ANSI B16.15, “Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings (Classes 125 and 250)”. (2) Brass or bronze threaded water fittings shall not be used in a drainage system.
7.2.7.4. Copper Tube (1) Copper tube in a plumbing system shall (a) be certified to ASTM B88, “Seamless Copper Water Tube”, or (b) comply with ASTM B306, “Copper Drainage Tube (DWV)”. (2) The use of copper tube shall conform to Table 7.2.7.4. (3) Copper tube used in a plumbing appliance shall conform to (a) ASTM B88 “Seamless Copper Water Tube”, or (b) ASTM B68 “Seamless Copper Tube”. (4) Type K or L copper tube shall be used for the potable water side of a heat exchanger in a pre-engineered wastewater heat recovery system. Table 7.2.7.4. Permitted Use of Copper Tube and Pipe Forming Part of Sentence 7.2.7.4.(2)  Type of   Copper   Tube or   Pipe

Water   Distribution   System

Building   Sewer

Drainage System

Venting System


Under   ground

Above   ground

Under   ground

Above   ground

Under   ground

Above   ground


K&L hard

N

P

P

P

P

P

P


K&L soft

P

P

N

N

N

N

N


M hard

N

P

N

N

P

N

P


M soft

N

N

N

N

N

N

N


DWV

N

N

N

N

P

N

P


Column 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8 Note to Table 7.2.7.4.: P-Permitted   N-Not Permitted
7.2.7.5. Solder-Joint Drainage Fittings (1) Solder-joint fittings for drainage systems shall conform to (a) CSA B158.1, “Cast Brass Solder Joint Drainage, Waste and Vent Fittings”, or (b) ANSI B16.29, “Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings - DWV”. (2) Solder-joint fittings for drainage systems shall not be used in a water system.
7.2.7.6. Solder-Joint Water Fittings (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), solder-joint fittings for water systems shall conform to (a) ANSI B16.18, “Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings”, or (b) ANSI B16.22, “Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings”. (2) Solder-joint fittings for water systems not made by casting or the wrought process shall conform to the applicable requirements of ANSI B16.18, “Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings”.
7.2.7.7. Flared-Joint Fittings for Copper Water Systems (1) Flared-joint fittings for copper tube water systems shall conform to ANSI B16.26, “Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes”. (2) Flared-joint fittings for copper tube water systems not made by casting shall conform to the applicable requirements of ANSI B16.26, “Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes”.
7.2.7.8. Lead Waste Pipe and Fittings (1) Lead waste pipe and fittings shall conform to CSA B67, “Lead Service Pipe, Waste Pipe, Traps, Bends and Accessories”. (2) When there is a change in size of a lead closet bend, the change shall be in the vertical section of the bend or made in such a manner that there shall be no retention of liquid in the bend. (3) Lead waste pipe and fittings shall not be used in a water system or for a building sewer.
7.2.7.9. Aluminum DWV Pipe and Components (1) Drainage piping and vent piping made of aluminum and its components shall be certified to CAN/CSA-B281, “Aluminum Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Components”. (2) Aluminum DWV pipe shall not be used in water systems. (3) Aluminum drain waste and vent pipe to be buried underground shall be protected by a factory applied coating in accordance with CAN/CSA-B281, “Aluminum Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Components”. 7.2.8.Corrosion Resistant Materials
7.2.8.1. Pipe and Fittings (1) Pipes and fittings to be used for drainage and venting of acid and corrosive wastes shall conform to (a) ASTM A518M, “Specification for Corrosion-Resistant High-Silicon Iron Castings”, (b) ASTM C1053, “Specification for Boronsilicate Glass Pipe and Fittings for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Applications”, or (c) CAN/CSA-B181.3, “Polyolefin Laboratory Drainage Systems”. 7.2.9.Jointing Materials
7.2.9.1. Cement Mortar (1) Cement mortar shall not be used for jointing.
7.2.9.2. Wiping Solder and Caulking Lead (1) Wiping solder and caulking lead shall conform to CSA B67, “Lead Service Pipe, Waste Pipe, Traps, Bends and Accessories”. (2) Solders for solder joint fittings shall conform to ASTM B32, “Solder Metal” in accordance with the recommended use. (3) Solders and fluxes having a lead content in excess of 0.2% shall not be used in a potable water system. 7.2.10.Miscellaneous Materials
7.2.10.1. Brass Floor Flanges (1) Brass floor flanges shall be certified to CSA B158.1, “Cast Brass Solder Joint Drainage, Waste and Vent Fittings”. (2) ABS floor flanges shall be certified to CAN/CSA-B181.1, “ABS Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Pipe Fittings”. (3) PVC floor flanges shall be certified to CAN/CSA-B181.2, “PVC Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Pipe Fittings”. (4) Cast iron, copper and aluminum floor flanges shall be suitable for the purpose.
7.2.10.2. Brass Screws, Bolts, Nuts and Washers (1) Every screw, bolt, nut and washer shall be of brass or equally corrosion resistant material when used (a) to connect a water closet to a water closet flange, (b) to anchor the water closet flange to the floor, (c) to anchor the water closet to the floor, or (d) to hold cleanout covers or floor drain grates.
7.2.10.3. Cleanout Fittings (1) Every plug, cap, nut or bolt that is intended to be removable from a ferrous fitting shall be of a non-ferrous material. (2) A cleanout fitting that as a result of normal maintenance operations cannot withstand the physical stresses of removal and reinstallation or cannot ensure a gas-tight seal shall not be installed. (3) A screw cap or test cap shall not be used as a cleanout plug or cover.
7.2.10.4. Groove and Shoulder Type Mechanical Pipe Couplings (1) Groove and shoulder type mechanical pipe couplings shall conform to CSA B242, “Groove and Shoulder Type Mechanical Pipe Couplings”. (2) Mechanical Couplings for DWV and Sewer Pipe shall be certified to CAN/CSA-B602, “Mechanical Couplings for Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Sewer Pipe”.
7.2.10.5. Saddle Hubs (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), a saddle hub or fitting shall not be installed in drainage systems, venting systems or water systems. (2) A saddle hub or saddle clamp may be installed in a building drain or building sewer of nominal diameter not less than eight inches and that is in service provided that the connecting branch is at least two pipe sizes smaller than the run of the building drain or building sewer to which it is connected.
7.2.10.6. Supply and Waste Fittings (1) Supply and waste fittings shall be certified to CAN/CSA-B125, “Plumbing Fittings”.
7.2.10.7. Reserved
7.2.10.8. Direct Flush Valves (1) Every direct flush valve shall (a) open fully and close positively under service pressure, (b) complete its cycle of operation automatically, (c) be provided with a means of regulating the volume of water that it discharges, and (d) be provided with a vacuum breaker unless the fixture is designed so that back-siphonage cannot occur.
7.2.10.9. Drinking Fountain Bubblers (1) The orifice of every drinking fountain bubbler shall (a) be of the shielded type, and (b) direct the water upward to an angle of approximately 45°. (2) Every drinking fountain bubbler shall include a means of regulating the flow to the orifice.
7.2.10.10. Back-Siphonage Preventers and Backflow Preventers (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) back-siphonage preventers and backflow preventers shall be certified to (a) CAN/CSA-B64.0, “Definitions, General Requirements and Test Methods for Vacuum Breakers and Backflow Preventers”, (b) CAN/CSA-B64.1.1, “Vacuum Breakers, Atmospheric Type (AVB)”, (c) CAN/CSA-B64.1.2, “Vacuum Breakers, Pressure Type (PVB)”, (d) CAN/CSA-B64.2, “Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB)”, (e) CAN/CSA-B64.2.1, “Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB) with Manual Draining Feature,” (f) CAN/CSA-B64.2.2, “Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection type (HCVB) with Automatic Draining Feature,” (g) CAN/CSA-B64.3, “Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve with Atmospheric Port Type (DCAP)”, (h) CAN/CSA-B64.4, “Backflow Preventers, Reduced Pressure Principle Type (RP)”, (i) CAN/CSA-B64.5, “Backflow Preventers, Double Check Valve Type (DCVA)”, (j) CAN/CSA-B64.6, “Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type (DuC)”, (k) CAN/CSA-B64.7, “Vacuum Breakers, Laboratory Faucet Type (LFVP)”, (l) CAN/CSA-B64.8, “Backflow Preventers, Dual Check with Intermediate Vent Type (DuCV)”, or (m) CAN/CSA-B64.10, “Backflow Prevention Devices – Selection, Installation, Maintenance and Field Testing”. (2) Back-siphonage preventers for tank type water closets shall be certified to CAN/CSA-B125, “Plumbing Fittings”.
7.2.10.11. Relief Valves (1) Temperature relief, pressure relief, combined temperature and pressure relief and vacuum relief valves shall conform to CAN1-4.4, “Temperature, Pressure, Temperature and Pressure Relief Valves and Vacuum Relief Valves”, or ANSI Z21.22, “Relief Valves and Automatic Gas Shut-off Devices for Hot Water Supply Systems”.
7.2.10.12. Reducing Valves (1) Direct acting water pressure reducing valves for domestic water supply systems shall conform to CSA-B356, “Water Pressure Reducing Valves for Domestic Water Supply Systems”.
7.2.10.13. Solar Domestic Hot Water (1) Equipment forming part of a packaged system for solar heating of potable water, shall conform to CAN/CSA-F379.1, “Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems (Liquid to Liquid Heat Transfer)”.
7.2.10.14. Vent Pipe Flashing (1) Flashing fabricated on-site for vent pipes shall be fabricated from (a) copper sheet at least 0.33 mm thick, (b) aluminum sheet at least 0.61 mm thick, (c) alloyed zinc sheet at least 0.35 mm thick, (d) lead sheet at least 2.16 mm thick, (e) galvanized steel sheet at least 0.41 mm thick, or (f) polychloroprene (neoprene) at least 2.89 mm thick. (2) Prefabricated flashing for vent pipes shall be certified to CSA B272, “Prefabricated Self-Sealing Vent Flashings”. 7.2.11.Water Service Pipes and Fire Service Mains
7.2.11.1. Design, Construction, Installation and Testing (1) Except as provided in Articles 7.2.11.2., 7.2.11.3., 7.2.11.4. and 7.3.7.2, the design, construction, installation and testing of fire service mains and water service pipe combined with fire service mains shall be in conformance with NFPA 24, “Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances”.
7.2.11.2. Certification or Conformance (1) Water service pipes and fire service mains shall be certified or conform to the standards for the materials listed in Table 7.2.11.2.
7.2.11.3. Tracer Wire (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), a 14 gauge TW solid copper light coloured plastic coated tracer wire shall be attached to every non-metallic water service pipe or fire service main. (2) Where a water service pipe or fire service main is detectable without the tracer wire referenced in Sentence (1), the tracer wire may be omitted.
7.3.1.1. Application (1) This Section applies to the construction and use of joints and connections, and the arrangement, protection, support and testing of piping. 7.3.2.Construction and Use of Joints
7.3.2.1. Caulked Lead Drainage Joints (1) Every caulked lead drainage joint shall be firmly packed with oakum and tightly caulked with lead to a depth of at least 25 mm. (2) No paint, varnish or other coating shall be applied on the lead until after the joint has been tested. (3) Caulked lead drainage joints shall not be used except for cast iron pipe in a drainage system or venting system, or between such pipe, and (a) other ferrous pipe, (b) brass and copper pipe, (c) a caulking ferrule, or (d) a trap standard. (4) A length of hub and spigot pipe and pipe fittings in a drainage system shall be installed with the hub at the upstream end.
7.3.2.2. Wiped Joints (1) Wiped joints shall not be used except for sheet lead or lead pipe, or between such pipe and copper pipe or a ferrule. (2) Every wiped joint in straight pipe shall (a) be made of solder, (b) have an exposed surface on each side of the joint at least 19 mm wide, and (c) be at least 10 mm thick at the thickest part. (3) Every wiped flanged joint shall be reinforced with a lead flange that is at least 19 mm wide.
7.3.2.3. Screwed Joints (1) In making a screwed joint the ends of the pipe shall be reamed or filed out to the size of the bore and all chips and cuttings shall be removed. (2) No pipe-joint cement or paint shall be applied to the internal threads. (3) Aluminum DWV pipe shall not be used with a screwed joint.
7.3.2.4. Solder Joints (1) In making a soldered joint the surface to be soldered shall be cleaned bright and the joint shall be properly fluxed, made with solder and thoroughly cleaned of all residue. (2) Aluminum DWV pipe shall not be used with soldered joints.
7.3.2.5. Flared Joints (1) In making a flared joint the pipe shall be expanded with a proper flaring tool. (2) Flared joints shall not be used for hard (drawn) copper tube.
7.3.2.6. Burned Lead Joints (1) In making a burned lead joint the lead shall be lapped and fused to form a weld that is at least 1-1/2 times as thick as the wall of the pipe. (2) In lead pipe the width of the weld shall be at least (a) 13 mm where the size of the pipe is less than 3 in., (b) 16 mm where the size of the pipe is 3 in., or (c) 19 mm where the size of the pipe is 4 in. (3) In sheet lead the width of the weld shall be as specified in Table 7.3.2.6. Table 7.3.2.6. Minimum Permitted Width of Weld for Sheet Lead Forming Part of Sentence 7.3.2.6.(3)  Weight of Sheet Lead, kg/m2

Minimum Width of Weld, mm


12.2 to 14.6

6


19.5 to 24.4

10


29.3 to 39.1

20


48.8 to 58.6

25


58.6 to 146.5

32


Column 1

2
7.3.2.7. Mechanical Joints (1) Mechanical joints shall be made with compounded elastomeric couplings or rings held by stainless steel or cast iron clamps or contained within a compression connection or groove and shoulder type mechanical coupling.
7.3.2.8. Cold-Caulked Joints (1) Cold-caulked joints shall not be used except for bell and spigot pipe in a water system, a drainage system or a venting system. (2) The caulking compound used in cold-caulked joints shall be applied according to the manufacturer’s directions. (3) Every cold-caulked joint in a drainage system shall be firmly packed with oakum and tightly caulked with cold caulking compound to a depth of at least 25 mm. (4) Every cold-caulked joint in a water system shall be made by tightly caulking the entire depth of the socket with caulking compound. 7.3.3.Joints and Connections
7.3.3.1. Drilled and Tapped Joints (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4), no water distributing pipe, drainage pipe or fittings shall be drilled, tapped or swaged. (2) A water distributing pipe may be drilled or tapped to provide for a mechanically extracted T in copper tubing of Type L or K provided that all branch connections shall be notched and dimpled to limit depth of insertion and conform to the inner contour of the main. (3) A copper water distributing pipe of 1 in. size or larger may be mechanically swaged to permit the joining of other copper pipe of equal size. (4) A drainage pipe or fitting may be drilled or tapped (a) to provide for the connection of a trap seal primer line, (b) to connect a device designed to dispense germicidal or odour control chemicals or trap seal water to a floor drain downstream of a vacuum breaker or flush valve in a flush tube connected to a sanitary unit, (c) to provide a hole for a branch connection to a drainage pipe, where the branch connection is made with a saddle hub as permitted by Article 7.2.10.5. and where the hole is drilled to provide a smooth clean hole of the required size and orientation, or (d) to provide for the connection of pipe or fittings to metal or rigid plastic pipe and fittings where the pipe or fittings are thick enough to be threaded or are bossed for tapping. (5) No pipe adaption shall be made by the use of a bushing that leaves a square edge or shoulder on the inside of the pipe or fitting.
7.3.3.2. Reserved
7.3.3.3. Prohibition of Welding of Pipes and Fittings (1) Cast iron soil pipe and fittings shall not be welded. (2) Galvanized steel pipe and fittings shall not be welded. (3) Aluminum DWV pipe shall not be welded.
7.3.3.4. Unions and Slip Joints (1) Running thread and packing nut connections and unions with a gasket seal shall not be used downstream of a trap weir in a drainage system or in a venting system. (2) A slip joint shall not be used (a) in a venting system, or (b) in a drainage system, except to connect a fixture trap to a fixture drain in an accessible location.
7.3.3.5. Increaser or Reducer (1) Every connection between two pipes of different size shall be made with an increaser or a reducer fitting installed so that it will permit the system to be completely drained.
7.3.3.6. Burned Lead Joints (1) Every joint in hard lead shall be made with a burned lead joint.
7.3.3.7. Dissimilar Connections (1) Adapters, connectors or mechanical joints used to join dissimilar materials shall be designed to accommodate the required transition.
7.3.3.8. Connection of Roof Drain to Leader (1) Every roof drain shall be securely connected to a leader and provision shall be made for expansion.
7.3.3.9. Connection of Floor Outlet Fixtures (1) Every pedestal urinal, floor-mounted water closet or S-trap standard shall be connected to a fixture drain by a floor flange, except that a cast iron trap standard may be caulked to a cast iron pipe. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), every floor flange shall be of brass. (3) Where cast iron or plastic pipe is used, a floor flange of the same material may be used. (4) Every floor flange shall be securely set on a firm base and bolted to the trap flange of the fixture, and every joint shall be sealed with a natural rubber, synthetic rubber or asbestos graphite gasket, or with a closet setting compound. (5) Where a lead water closet stub is used, the length of the stub below the floor flange shall be at least 75 mm.
7.3.3.10. Expansion and Contraction (1) The design and installation of every piping system shall, where necessary, include means to accommodate expansion and contraction of the piping system caused by temperature change or movement of the soil.
7.3.3.11. Copper Tube (1) Types M and DWV copper tube shall not be bent. (2) Aluminum DWV pipe shall not be bent. (3) Bends in copper tubing of soft or bending temper shall be made with tools manufactured and sized for the purpose.
7.3.3.12. Indirect Connections (1) Where a fixture or device is indirectly connected, the connections shall be made by terminating the fixture drain above the flood level rim of a directly connected fixture to form an air break. (2) The size of the air break shall be at least 25 mm. 7.3.4.Support of Piping
7.3.4.1. Capability of Support (1) Piping shall be provided with support that is capable of keeping the pipe in alignment and bearing the weight of the pipe and its contents. (2) Every floor or wall mounted water closet bowl shall be securely attached to the floor or wall by means of a flange and shall be stable. (3) Every wall mounted fixture shall be supported so that no strain is transmitted to the piping.
7.3.4.2. Independence of Support (1) Piping, fixtures, tanks or devices shall be supported independently of each other.
7.3.4.3. Insulation of Support (1) Where a hanger or support for copper tube or brass or copper pipe is of a material other than brass or copper, it shall be suitably separated and electrically insulated from the pipe to prevent galvanic action. (2) Where a hanger or support for aluminum DWV pipe is of a metal other than aluminum, the hanger or support shall be suitably separated and electrically insulated from the pipe.
7.3.4.4. Support for Vertical Piping (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), vertical piping shall be supported at its base and at the floor level of alternate storeys by metal rests, each of which can bear the weight of pipe that is between it and the metal rest above it. (2) The maximum spacing of supports shall be 7.5 m. (3) The maximum spacing of supports for PE/AL/PE and PEX/AL/PEX composite pipe shall be 2 500 mm.
7.3.4.5. Support for Horizontal Piping (1) Nominally horizontal piping that is inside a building shall be braced to prevent swaying and buckling and to control the effects of thrust. (2) Nominally horizontal piping shall be supported so that (a) galvanized iron or steel pipe is supported at intervals not exceeding (i) 3.75 m if the pipe size is 6 in. or more, and (ii) 2 500 mm if the pipe size is less than 6 in., (b) lead pipe is supported throughout its length, (c) cast iron pipe is supported (i) at or adjacent to each hub or joint, (ii) at intervals not exceeding 3 m, and (iii) at intervals not exceeding 1 000 mm if the pipe has mechanical joints and the length of pipe between adjacent fittings is 300 mm or less, (d) asbestos-cement pipe is supported (i) at intervals not exceeding 2 000 mm or have two supports for every 4 m length of pipe, and (ii) at intervals not exceeding 1 000 mm where the length of pipe between adjacent fittings is 300 mm or less, (e) ABS or PVC plastic DWV pipe is supported (i) at intervals not exceeding 1 200 mm, (ii) at the ends of branches, (iii) at changes of direction or elevation, and (iv) if the pipe is a fixture drain that is more than 1 000 mm in length, as close as possible to the trap, (f) plastic water pipe is supported at intervals not exceeding 1 000 mm, (g) copper tube and copper and brass pipe is supported at intervals not exceeding (i) 3 m if the tube or pipe is hard temper and larger than 1 in. in size, (ii) 2 500 mm if the tube or pipe is hard temper and 1 in. in size or less, and (iii) 2 500 mm if the tube is soft temper, (h) aluminum DWV pipe is supported (i) at intervals not greater than 3 m, (ii) at both sides of all joints, (iii) at all branch ends, (iv) at all points where there is a change in direction, and (v) as close to all traps as possible, (i) supports and hangers for aluminum DWV pipe shall have a broad support base and shall be free of burrs and rough edges to prevent abrasion of the pipe, (j) where joints in the piping are less rigid than the pipe, the support points shall be selected so as to minimize the shear and bending forces imposed on the joints, (k) PE/AL/PE or PEX/AL/PEX composite pipe is supported at intervals not exceeding 1 m, and (l) PP-R plastic pipe is supported (i) at intervals not exceeding 1 000 mm (ii) at the end of branches, and (iii) at changes of direction and elevation. (3) Where plastic pipe or a composite pipe incorporating a plastic component is installed (a) the pipe shall be aligned without added strain on the piping, (b) the pipe shall not be bent or pulled into position after being welded or joined, and (c) hangers shall not compress, cut or abrade the pipe. (4) Where hangers are used to support nominally horizontal piping they shall be (a) metal rods of at least 9.5 mm diam. for pipe over 4 in. in size, and (b) solid or perforated metal strap hangers for pipe 4 in. or less in size. (5) Where a hanger is attached to concrete or masonry, it shall be fastened by metal or expansion-type plugs that are inserted or built into the concrete or masonry.
7.3.4.6. Support for Underground Horizontal Piping (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), nominally horizontal piping that is underground shall be supported on a base that is firm and continuous under the whole of the pipe. (2) Nominally horizontal piping installed underground that is not supported as described in Sentence (1) may be installed using hangers fixed to a foundation or structural slab provided that the hangers are capable of keeping the pipe in alignment and supporting the weight of the pipe, its contents and the fill over the pipe.
7.3.4.7. Support for Vent Pipe Above a Roof (1) Where a vent pipe terminates above the surface of a roof it shall be supported or braced to prevent misalignment.
7.3.4.8. Compression Fittings (1) No compression fitting connecting to plain end pipe or tube shall be used in a plumbing system unless the pipe or tube and fittings are sufficiently stayed, clamped, anchored or buttressed so as to prevent separation during normal service of the system allowing for surge pressures.
7.3.4.9. Thrust Restraint of Water Service Pipes (1) Pipe clamps and tie-rods, thrust blocks, locked mechanical or push-on joints, mechanical joints utilizing set screw retainer glands, or other suitable means of thrust restraint shall be provided at each change of direction of a water service pipe 4 in. or more in size and at all tees, plugs, caps and bends. (2) Backing for underground water service pipes shall be placed (a) between undisturbed earth and the fitting to be restrained and shall be of sufficient bearing area to provide adequate resistance to the thrust to be encountered, and (b) so that the joints will be accessible for inspection and repair. (3) Concrete thrust blocks shall have a minimum compressive strength of not less than 10 MPa after 28 days. (4) Thrust blocks shall not be used to restrain vertical pipe. 7.3.5.Protection of Piping
7.3.5.1. Backfill of Pipe Trench (1) Where piping is installed underground, the backfill shall be carefully placed and tamped to a height of 300 mm over the top of the pipe and shall be free of stones, boulders, cinders and frozen earth.
7.3.5.2. Protection of Non-Metallic Pipe (1) Where asbestos-cement drainage pipe or vitrified clay is located less than 600 mm below a basement floor and the floor is constructed of other than 75 mm or more of concrete, the pipe shall be protected by a 75 mm layer of concrete installed above the pipe.
7.3.5.3. Isolation from Loads (1) Where piping passes through or under a wall, it shall be installed so that the wall does not bear on the pipe.
7.3.5.4. Protection from Frost (1) Where piping may be exposed to freezing conditions it shall be protected from frost.
7.3.5.5. Protection from Mechanical Damage (1) Plumbing, piping and equipment exposed to mechanical damage shall be protected.
7.3.5.6. Spatial Separation (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), a buried water service pipe shall be separated from the building drain, building sewer and a private sewage disposal system, by not less than 2 440 mm measured horizontally, of undisturbed or compacted earth. (2) The water service pipe may be closer than 2 440 mm or be placed in the same trench with the building drain or building sewer if (a) (i) the bottom of the water service pipe at all points is at least 500 mm above the top of the building drain or building sewer, and (ii) when in a common trench with the building drain or building sewer, the water service pipe is placed on a shelf at one side of the common trench, (b) the water service pipe is constructed of a single run of pipe with no joints or fittings between the street line or source of supply on the property and the inside face of the building, or (c) the building drain or building sewer is constructed of piping which is pressure tested in accordance with Subsection 7.3.7. at 345 kPa. (3) A buried water service pipe shall be constructed of a single run of pipe with no joints or fittings between the street line or source of supply on the property and the inside face of the building if the water service pipe is less than 15 m from (a) a private sewage disposal system, or (b) a source of pollution other than a private sewage disposal system. 7.3.6.Testing of Drainage and Venting Systems
7.3.6.1. Tests and Inspection of Drainage or Venting Systems (1) Except in the case of an external leader, after a section of drainage system or a venting system has been roughed in, and before any fixture is installed or piping is covered, a water or an air test shall be conducted. (2) Where a chief building official requires a final test, it shall be carried out after every fixture is installed and before any part of the drainage system or venting system is placed in operation. (3) Where a prefabricated system is assembled off the building site in such a manner that it cannot be inspected and tested on site, off-site inspections and tests shall be conducted. (4) Where a prefabricated system is installed as part of a drainage system and venting system, all other plumbing work shall be tested and inspected and a final test shall be carried out on the complete system. (5) A ball test shall be carried out on a sanitary building drain, sanitary building sewer, storm building drain and a storm building sewer buried underground.
7.3.6.2. Tests of Pipes in Drainage Systems (1) Every pipe in a drainage system, except an external leader or fixture outlet pipe, shall be capable of withstanding without leakage a water test, air test and final test.
7.3.6.3. Tests of Venting Systems (1) Every venting system shall be capable of withstanding without leakage a water test, air test and final test.
7.3.6.4. Water Tests (1) Where a water test is made it shall be applied to (a) the system as a whole, or (b) sections of the system, each of which is at least 3 m high and includes at least 1 500 mm of the section below. (2) In making a water test (a) every opening except the highest shall be tightly closed with a testing plug or a test cap, and (b) the system or the section shall be kept filled with water for 15 min.
7.3.6.5. Air Tests (1) Where an air test is made (a) every opening in the system shall be closed, (b) air shall be forced into the system until a pressure of 35 kPa is created, and (c) this pressure shall be maintained for 15 min without the addition of more air.
7.3.6.6. Final Tests (1) Where a final test is made (a) every trap shall be filled with water, (b) the bottom of the system being tested shall terminate at the building trap, test plug or cap, (c) except as provided in Sentence (2), smoke from smoke-generating machines shall be forced into the system, (d) when the smoke appears from all roof terminals they shall be closed, and (e) a pressure equivalent to a 25 mm water column shall be maintained for 15 min without the addition of more smoke. (2) The smoke referred to in Clauses 7.3.6.6.(1)(c) and (d) may be omitted provided the roof terminals are closed and the system is subjected to an air pressure equivalent to a 25 mm water column maintained for 15 min without the addition of more air.
7.3.6.7. Ball Tests (1) Where a ball test is made, a hard ball dense enough not to float shall be rolled through the pipe. (2) The diameter of the ball shall be not less than 50 mm where the size of the pipe is 4 in. or more. 7.3.7.Testing of Potable Water Systems
7.3.7.1. Application of Tests (1) After a section of a potable water system has been completed, and before it is placed in operation, a water test or an air test shall be conducted. (2) A test may be applied to each section of the system or to the system as a whole. (3) Where a prefabricated system is assembled off the building site in such a manner that it cannot be inspected and tested on site, off-site inspections and tests shall be conducted. (4) Where a prefabricated system is installed as part of a water system, all other plumbing work shall be tested and inspected, and the complete system shall be pressure tested.
7.3.7.2. Tests of Potable Water Systems (1) Every potable water system shall be capable of (a) withstanding without leakage a water pressure that is at least 1000 kPa for at least 1 h, or (b) withstanding for at least 2 h without a drop in pressure an air pressure that is at least 700 kPa.
7.3.7.3. Water Tests (1) Where a water test is made all air shall be expelled from the system before fixture control valves or faucets are closed. (2) Potable water shall be used to test a potable water system. Section 7.4.Drainage Systems 7.4.1.Application
7.4.1.1. Application of Drainage Systems (1) This Section applies to sanitary drainage systems and storm drainage systems. 7.4.2.Connections to Drainage Systems
7.4.2.1. Connections to Sanitary Drainage Systems (1) Every fixture shall be directly connected to a sanitary drainage system, except that (a) drinking fountains may be (i) indirectly connected to a sanitary drainage system, or (ii) connected to a storm drainage system provided that where the system is subject to backflow, a check valve is installed in the fountain waste pipe, (b) laundry plumbing appliances may be indirectly connected to a sanitary drainage system, (c) fixtures or plumbing appliances, other than floor drains, except as provided in Sentence 7.1.5.2.(2), that discharge only clear water waste may be connected to a storm drainage system, (d) the following devices shall be indirectly connected to a drainage system (i) a device for the display, storage, preparation or processing of food or drink, (ii) a sterilizer, (iii) a device that uses water as a cooling or heating medium, (iv) a water operated device, (v) a water treatment device, (vi) a drain or overflow from a water system or a heating system, or (vii) a drain line from a HVAC system or equipment, (e) fixtures that have a hydraulic load totalling not more than 1-1/2 fixture units may be connected to a vertical section of a circuit vent provided (i) the fixtures are located in the same storey as the fixtures served by the vent pipes, (ii) not more than 2 fixtures are connected to the vent pipe, and (iii) where 2 fixtures are connected to the vent pipe, the connection is done with a double fitting in conformance with Table 7.2.4.5., (f) fixtures that have a hydraulic load totalling not more than 1-1/2 fixture units may be connected to the vertical section of a yoke vent provided (i) not more than 2 fixtures are connected to the vent pipe, and (ii) where 2 fixtures are connected to the vent pipe, the connection is done with a double fitting in conformance with Table 7.2.4.5., and (g) fixtures may be connected to a vent stack provided (i) the total hydraulic load of the connected fixtures does not exceed 8 fixture units, (ii) at least 1 fixture is connected to a vertical portion of the vent stack and upstream of any other fixtures, (iii) no other fixture is connected downstream of a water closet, and (iv) all fixtures are located in the lowest storey served by the vent stack. (2) The connection of a soil or waste pipe to a nominally horizontal soil or waste pipe or to a nominally horizontal offset in a soil or waste stack shall be respectively at least 1 500 mm measured horizontally from the bottom of a soil or waste stack or from the bottom of the upper vertical section of the soil or waste stack that (a) receives a discharge of 30 or more fixture units, or (b) receives a discharge from fixtures located on 2 or more storeys. (3) No other fixture shall be connected to a lead bend or stub that serves a water closet.
7.4.2.2. Connection of Overflows from Rainwater Tanks (1) An overflow from a rainwater tank shall not be directly connected to a storm drainage system.
7.4.2.3. Direct Connections (1) Two or more fixture outlet pipes that serve outlets from a single fixture that is listed in Clause 7.4.2.1.(1)(d) may be directly connected to a branch that (a) has a size of at least 1-1/4 in., and (b) is terminated above the flood level rim of a directly connected fixture with a minimum diameter waste of 1-1/2 in. to form an air break. (2) Fixture drains from fixtures that are listed in Subclauses (i) and (ii) of Clause 7.4.2.1.(1)(d) may be directly connected to a pipe that (a) is terminated to form an air break above the flood level rim of a fixture that is directly connected to a sanitary drainage system, and (b) is extended through the roof when fixtures that are on 3 or more storeys are connected to it. (3) Fixture drains from fixtures that are listed in Subclauses (iii) to (vi) of Clause 7.4.2.1.(1)(d) may be directly connected to a pipe that (a) is terminated to form an air break above the flood level rim of a fixture that is directly connected to a storm drainage system, and (b) is extended through the roof when fixtures that are on 3 or more storeys are connected to it. (4) Every waste pipe carrying waste from a device for the display, storage, preparation or processing of food or drink shall be trapped and have a minimum diameter equal to the diameter of the drain outlet from the device. 7.4.3.Location of Fixtures
7.4.3.1. Plumbing Fixtures (1) Sanitary units, bathtubs and shower baths shall not be installed adjacent to wall and floor surfaces that are pervious to water.
7.4.3.2. Restricted Locations of Indirect Connections and Traps (1) Indirect connections or any trap that may overflow shall not be located in a crawl space or any other unfrequented area.
7.4.3.3. Equipment Restrictions Upstream of Interceptors (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), garbage grinders, potato peelers and other similar types of equipment shall not be located upstream of an interceptor. (2) If a food scrap interceptor has been installed upstream of the grease interceptor, garbage grinders, potato peelers and other similar equipment may discharge through a grease interceptor.
7.4.3.4. Fixtures Located in Chemical Storage Locations and Elevator Pits (1) A floor drain or other fixture located in an oil transformer vault, a high voltage room or any room where flammable, dangerous or toxic chemicals are stored or handled shall not be connected to a drainage system. (2) If a floor drain is provided in an elevator pit, it shall be installed in accordance with Section 2.7. of the CAN/CSA-B44, “Safety Code for Elevators, Escalators, Dumbwaiters, Moving Walks and Freight Platform Lifts”. 7.4.4.Treatment of Sewage and Wastes
7.4.4.1. Sewage Treatment (1) Where a fixture or equipment discharges sewage or waste that may damage or impair the sanitary drainage system or the functioning of a sanitary sewage works or sanitary sewage system, provision shall be made for treatment of the sewage or waste before it is discharged to the sanitary drainage system.
7.4.4.2. Protection for Drainage System (1) Where a fixture discharges sewage or clear water waste that has been heated, the drainage system shall be suitable for the temperature of the sewage or clear water waste being discharged.
7.4.4.3. Interceptors (1) Except for suites of residential occupancy, a grease interceptor shall be required anywhere that food is cooked, processed or prepared. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), oil interceptors shall be provided as follows: (a) service stations, repair shops and garages or any establishment where motor vehicles are repaired, lubricated or maintained shall be provided with an oil interceptor, and (b) establishments which use oily or flammable liquids or have such wastes as a result of an industrial process shall be provided with an engineered oil interceptor. (3) Oil interceptors are not required for a drain in a hydraulic elevator pit, parking lot, car wash or a garage used exclusively as a motor vehicle parking area. (4) Where a fixture discharges sand, grit or similar materials, an interceptor designed for the purpose of intercepting such discharges shall be installed. (5) Every interceptor shall have sufficient capacity to perform the service for which it is provided. (6) An on site constructed interceptor shall be constructed to the requirements of a manufactured interceptor. (7) A grease interceptor shall be located as close as possible to the fixture or fixtures it serves. (8) The flow rate through a grease interceptor shall not exceed its rated capacity and the flow rate shall be determined using the following:  where Q is the flow rate to a grease interceptor in L/s, where V is the volume of the fixture in l, where DDT is the drain down time, 60 or 120 seconds (1 or 2 minutes), where PD is any pump discharge in L/s, where N is the number of fixtures to go through the interceptor. (9) All grease and oil interceptors shall have an internal flow control and where the head will exceed five feet, a secondary flow control shall be required. (10) Floor drains that conform to Sentence 7.4.5.1.(3) are not required to be separately trapped and vented, and may be gang trapped when discharging through an oil interceptor.
7.4.4.4. Neutralizing and Dilution Tanks (1) Where a fixture or equipment discharges corrosive or acid waste, it shall discharge into a neutralizing or diluting tank which shall be connected to the sanitary drainage system through (a) a trap, or (b) indirect connection. (2) Each neutralizing or diluting tank shall have a method for neutralizing the liquid. 7.4.5.Traps
7.4.5.1. Traps for Sanitary Drainage Systems (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3) and Article 7.4.5.2., every fixture shall be protected by a separate trap. (2) One trap may protect (a) all the trays or compartments of a two or three compartment sink, (b) a two or three compartment laundry tray, or (c) two similar type single compartment fixtures located in the same room. (3) One trap may serve a group of floor drains and hub drains, a group of shower drains, a group of washing machines or a group of laboratory sinks if the fixtures (a) are in the same room, and (b) are not located where they can receive food or other organic matter. (4) Reserved (5) A grease interceptor shall not serve as a fixture trap and each fixture discharging through the interceptor shall be trapped and vented.
7.4.5.2. Traps for Storm Drainage Systems (1) Where a storm drainage system is connected to a public combined sewer, a trap shall be installed between any opening in the system and the drain or sewer, except that no trap is required if the opening is the upper end of a leader that terminates (a) at a roof that is used only for weather protection, and (b) at least 900 mm above or at least 3.5 m in any other direction from any air inlet, openable window or door, and at least 2 000 mm from a property line.
7.4.5.3. Connection of Subsoil Drainage Pipe to a Sanitary Drainage System (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), no foundation drain or subsoil drainage pipe shall connect to a sanitary drainage system. (2) Where a storm drainage system is not available or soil conditions prevent drainage to a culvert or dry well, a foundation drain or subsoil drainage pipe may connect to a sanitary drainage system. (3) Where a subsoil drainage pipe may be connected to a sanitary drainage system, the connection shall be made on the upstream side of a trap with a cleanout or a trapped sump.
7.4.5.4. Location and Cleanout for Building Traps (1) Where a building trap is installed, it shall (a) be provided with a cleanout fitting on the upstream side of and directly over the trap, (b) be located upstream of the building cleanout, and (c) be located (i) inside the building as close as practical to the place where the building drain leaves the building, or (ii) outside the building in a manhole.
7.4.5.5. Trap Seals (1) Provision shall be made for maintaining the trap seal of a floor drain or a hub drain by the use of a trap seal primer, by using the drain as a receptacle for an indirectly connected drinking fountain, or by equally effective means. (2) Where a mechanical device is installed to furnish water to a trap, the pipe or tube conveying water from the device to the trap shall be at least 3/8 in. inside diameter. 7.4.6.Arrangement of Drainage Piping
7.4.6.1. Separate Systems (1) No vertical soil or waste pipe shall conduct both sanitary sewage and storm sewage. (2) There shall be no unused open ends in a drainage system and dead ends shall be so graded that water will not collect in them.
7.4.6.2. Location of Soil or Waste Pipes (1) A soil or waste pipe shall not be located directly above (a) non-pressure potable water storage tanks, (b) manholes in pressure potable water storage tanks, or (c) food-handling or processing equipment.
7.4.6.3. Sumps or Tanks (1) Only piping that is too low to drain into a building sewer by gravity shall be drained to a sump or receiving tank. (2) Where the sump or tank receives sanitary sewage, it shall be water and air-tight and shall be vented. (3) Equipment such as a pump or ejector that can lift the contents of the sump or tank and discharge it into the sanitary building drain or sanitary building sewer shall be installed. (4) Where the equipment does not operate automatically, the capacity of the sump shall be sufficient to hold at least a 24-hour accumulation of liquid. (5) Where there is a building trap, the discharge pipe from the equipment shall be connected to the sanitary building drain downstream of the trap. (6) The discharge pipe from every sanitary sewage sump shall be equipped with a union, a check valve and a shut-off valve installed in that sequence in the direction of discharge. (7) The discharge piping from a pump or ejector shall be sized for optimum flow velocities at pump design conditions.
7.4.6.4. Protection from Backflow (1) A backwater valve or a gate valve shall not be installed in a building drain or in a building sewer. (2) Except as provided in Sentences (3), (4) and (5), where a building drain or a branch may be subject to backflow, a gate valve or a backwater valve shall be installed on every fixture drain connected to them when the fixture is located below the level of the adjoining street. (3) Where the fixture is a floor drain, a removable screw cap or other device may be installed on the upstream side of the trap. (4) Where more than one fixture is located on a storey and all are connected to the same branch, the gate valve or backwater valve may be installed on the branch. (5) A subsoil drainage pipe that drains into a sanitary drainage system that is subject to surcharge shall be connected in such a manner that sewage cannot back up into the subsoil drainage pipe.
7.4.6.5. Mobile Home Sewer Service (1) A building sewer intended to serve a mobile home shall (a) be not less than 4 in. in size, (b) be terminated above ground, (c) be provided with (i) a tamperproof terminal connection that is capable of being repeatedly connected, disconnected and sealed, (ii) a protective concrete pad, and (iii) a means to protect it from frost heave, and (d) be designed and constructed in accordance with good engineering practice.
7.4.6.6. Building Drain Ends (1) Where a building drain enters a building above the elevation of the bottom of the wall of a building, the building drain may be deemed to terminate at the first point that the drainage pipe changes direction from the horizontal to the vertical. 7.4.7.Cleanouts
7.4.7.1. Cleanouts for Drainage Systems (1) Every sanitary drainage system and storm drainage system shall be provided with cleanouts that will permit cleaning of the entire system. (2) A cleanout fitting shall be provided on the upstream side and directly over every running trap. (3) Every interior leader shall be provided with a cleanout fitting at the bottom of the leader or not more than 1 000 mm upstream from the bottom of the leader. (4) Where a cleanout is required on a building sewer 8 in. or larger in size, it shall be a manhole. (5) Where there is a change of direction greater than 45° in a sanitary building drain or a sanitary building sewer, a cleanout shall be installed at each change in direction. (6) Every sanitary building drain or storm building drain shall be provided with a cleanout fitting that is located as close as practical to the place where the drain leaves the building. (7) Every soil or waste stack shall be provided with a cleanout fitting (a) at the bottom of the stack, (b) not more than 1 000 mm upstream of the bottom of the stack, or (c) on a Y fitting connecting the stack to the building drain or branch. (8) A cleanout shall be provided to permit the cleaning of the piping immediately downstream of an interceptor. (9) Every indirect drainage pipe carrying waste from a food receptacle shall have a cleanout access at every change of direction of more than 45°. (10) A cleanout shall be installed on a fixture drain serving a kitchen sink.