1.1.3.2. Defined Terms (1) The words and terms in italics in this Code have the following meaning for the purposes of this Code, and where indicated, the following meaning for the purposes of the Act as well. Absorption trench means an excavation in soil (as defined in Part 8) or leaching bed fill, being part of a leaching bed, in which a distribution pipe is laid and which allows infiltration of the effluent into the soil (as defined in Part 8) or leaching bed fill. Accessible means when applied to a fixture, connection, plumbing appliance, valve, cleanout or equipment, having access thereto but which first may require the removal of an access panel, door or similar obstruction without the cutting or breaking of materials. Access to exit means that part of a means of egress within a floor area that provides access to an exit serving the floor area. Adfreezing means the adhesion of soil to a foundation unit resulting from the freezing of soil water. Air barrier system means the assembly installed to provide a continuous barrier to the movement of air. Air break means the unobstructed vertical distance between the lowest point of an indirectly connected waste pipe and the flood level rim of the fixture into which it discharges. Air-conditioning is the process of treating air to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and distribution to meet the comfort requirements of the occupants of the conditioned space. Air gap means the unobstructed vertical distance through air between the lowest point of a water supply outlet and the flood level rim of the fixture or device into which the outlet discharges. Air-supported structure means a structure consisting of a pliable membrane which achieves and maintains its shape and support by internal air pressure. Alarm signal means an audible signal transmitted throughout a zone or zones or throughout a building to advise occupants that a fire emergency exists. Alert signal means an audible signal to advise designated persons of a fire emergency. Allowable bearing pressure means the maximum pressure that may be safely applied to a soil or rock by the foundation unit considered in design under expected loading and subsurface conditions. Allowable load means the maximum load that may be safely applied to a foundation unit considered in design under expected loading and subsurface conditions. Alternative measure means a substitute for a requirement of Part 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 of the Code or for a compliance alternative. Appliance means a device to convert fuel into energy and includes all components, controls, wiring and piping required to be part of the device by the applicable standard referred to in this Code. Architect means, for the purposes of the Act and this Code, the holder of a licence, a certificate of practice or a temporary licence under the Architects Act. Artesian groundwater means a confined body of water under pressure in the ground. As constructed plans means, for the purposes of the Act and this Code, construction plans and specifications that show the building and the location of the building on the property as the building has been constructed. Assembly occupancy means the occupancy or the use of a building, or part thereof, by a gathering of persons for civic, political, travel, religious social, educational, recreational or like purposes, or for the consumption of food or drink. Attic or roof space means the space between the roof and the ceiling of the top storey or between a dwarf wall and a sloping roof. Backflow means a flowing back or reversal of the normal direction of the flow. Backflow preventer means a device or a method that prevents backflow in a water distribution system. Back-siphonage means backflow caused by a negative pressure in the supply system. Back-siphonage preventer means a device or a method that prevents back-siphonage in a water distribution system. Back vent means a pipe that is installed to vent a trap off the horizontal section of a fixture drain or the vertical leg of a water closet or other fixture that has an integral siphonic flushing action and “back vented” has a corresponding meaning. Backwater valve means a check valve designed for use in a gravity drainage system. Barrier-free means that a building and its facilities can be approached, entered, and used by persons with physical or sensory disabilities. Basement means a storey or storeys of a building located below the first storey. Bearing surface means the contact surface between a foundation unit and the soil or rock upon which it bears. Boarding, lodging or rooming house means a building where, (a) building height does not exceed 3 storeys and building area does not exceed 600 m2 , (b) lodging is provided for more than 4 persons in return for remuneration or for the provision of services or for both, and (c) lodging rooms do not have both bathrooms and kitchen facilities for the exclusive use of individual occupants. Boiler means an appliance intended to supply hot water or steam for space heating, processing or power purposes. Bottle trap means a trap that retains water in a closed chamber and that seals the water by submerging the inlet pipe in the liquids or by a partition submerged in the liquids. Branch means a soil or waste pipe connected at its upstream end to the junction of 2 or more soil or waste pipes or to a soil or waste stack, and connected at its downstream end to another branch, a sump, a soil or waste stack or a building drain. Branch vent means a vent pipe that is connected at its lower end to the junction of 2 or more vent pipes and is connected at its upper end either to a stack vent, vent stack or header, or is terminated in open air. Breeching means a flue pipe or chamber for receiving flue gases from 1 or more flue connections and for discharging these gases through a single flue connection. Building area means the greatest horizontal area of a building above grade within the outside surface of exterior walls or within the outside surface of exterior walls and the centre line of firewalls. Building Code website means the website at www.obc.mah.gov.on.ca. Building control valve means the valve on a water system that controls the flow of potable water from the water service pipe to the water distribution system. Building drain means sanitary building drain or storm building drain. Building height means the number of storeys contained between the roof and the floor of the first storey. Building sewer means sanitary building sewer or storm building sewer. Building trap means a trap that is installed in a sanitary building drain or sanitary building sewer to prevent circulation of air between a sanitary drainage system and a public sewer. Business and personal services occupancy means the occupancy or use of a building or part thereof for the transaction of business or the rendering or receiving of professional or personal services. Camp for housing of workers means a camp in which buildings or other structures or premises are used to accommodate 5 or more employees. Campground means land or premises used as an overnight camping facility other than a recreational camp. Canopy means a roof-like structure projecting more than 300 mm from the exterior face of the building. Care and treatment occupancy (Group B, Division 2) means an occupancy in which persons receive special care and treatment. Care occupancy (Group B, Division 3) means an occupancy in which persons receive special or supervisory care because of cognitive or physical limitations, but does not include a dwelling unit. Care or detention occupancy means the occupancy or use of a building or part thereof by persons who, (a) are dependent on others to release security devices to permit egress, (b) receive special care and treatment, or (c) receive supervisory care. Cavity wall means a construction of masonry units laid with a cavity between the wythes. The wythes are tied together with metal ties or bonding units and are relied on to act together in resisting lateral loads. Certificate for the occupancy of a building not fully completed means a certificate described in Sentence 2.22.5.3.(5). Chamber means a structure that is constructed with an open bottom and contains a pressurized distribution pipe. Check valve means a valve that permits flow in one direction but prevents a return flow. Chimney means a primarily vertical shaft enclosing at least 1 flue for conducting flue gases to the outdoors. Chimney liner means a conduit containing a chimney flue used as a lining of a masonry or concrete chimney. Circuit vent means a vent pipe that functions for two or more traps connecting to a horizontal branch where the lower end of the vent pipe connects to the waste pipe on the downstream side of the highest fixture of the group and the upper end connects to a branch vent, vent stack, stack vent or extends to open air independently and “circuit vented” has a corresponding meaning. Cleanout means a fitting access in a drainage system or venting system that is installed to provide access for cleaning and inspection and that is provided with a readily replaceable air tight cover. Clean water means water that has passed through a recirculation system. Clear water waste means waste water containing no impurities or contaminants that are harmful to a person’s health, plant or animal life or that impair the quality of the natural environment. Closure means a device or assembly for closing an opening through a fire separation or an exterior wall, such as a door, a shutter, wired glass or glass block, and includes all components such as hardware, closing devices, frames and anchors. Combustible means that a material fails to meet the acceptance criteria of CAN4-S114, “Standard Method of Test for Determination of Non-Combustibility in Building Materials.” Combustible construction means that type of construction that does not meet the requirements for noncombustible construction. Compliance alternative means a substitute for a requirement in another Part of the Code that is listed in Part 10 or 11, and “C.A.” has a corresponding meaning. Computer room means a room containing electronic computer/data processing equipment such as main frame type, which is separated from the remainder of the building for the purpose of controlling the air quality in the room by a self-contained climate control system and in which the occupant load of the room is not more than one person for each 40 m2 of the room. Conditioned Space means any space within a building the temperature of which is controlled to limit variation in response to the exterior ambient temperature or interior differential temperatures by the provision, either directly or indirectly, of heating or cooling over substantial portions of the year. Construction index means a level on a scale of 1 to 8 determined in accordance with Table 11.2.1.1.A. designating the expected performance level of the building structure with respect to the type of construction and fire protection of an existing building, and “C.I.” has a corresponding meaning. Contained use area means a supervised area containing one or more rooms in which occupant movement is restricted to a single room by security measures not under the control of the occupant. Continuous waste and vent means a vent pipe that is a vertical extension of a vertical waste pipe and includes the vertical waste pipe. Critical level means the level of submergence at which the back-siphonage preventer ceases to prevent back-siphonage. Day camp means a camp or resort that admits persons for a continuous period not exceeding twenty-four hours. Day nursery means a day nursery as defined in the Day Nurseries Act. Dead end means a pipe that terminates with a closed fitting. Dead load means the weight of all permanent structural and nonstructural components of a building. Deep foundation means a foundation unit that provides support for a building by transferring loads either by end-bearing to a soil or rock at considerable depth below the building, or by adhesion or friction, or both, in the soil or rock in which it is placed.  Piles are the most common type of deep foundation. Design activities means the activities described in Subsection 15.11 (5) of the Act. Design bearing pressure means the pressure applied by a foundation unit to a soil or rock and which is not greater than the allowable bearing pressure. Design capacity, when used in the definition of the term sewage system, means total daily design sanitary sewage flow determined in accordance with Article 8.2.1.3. Designer means the person responsible for the design. Design load means the load applied to a foundation unit and which is not greater than the allowable load. Detention occupancy (Group B, Division 1) means an occupancy in which persons are under restraint or are incapable of self preservation because of security measures not under their control. Developed length means the length along the centre line of the pipe and fittings. Directly connected means physically connected in such a way that water or gas cannot escape from the connection. Distributing pipe means a pipe or piping in a water distribution system. Distribution box means a device for ensuring that effluent from a treatment unit is distributed in equal amounts to each line of distribution pipe in a leaching bed. Distribution pipe means a line or lines of perforated or open jointed pipe or tile installed in a leaching bed for the purpose of distributing effluent from a treatment unit to the soil (as defined in Part 8) or leaching bed fill in the leaching bed. Diving board means a flexible board. Diving platform means a rigid platform that is not a starting platform. Drainage system means an assembly of pipes, fittings, fixtures and appurtenances on the property that is used to convey sewage and clear water waste to a main sewer or a private sewage disposal system, and includes a private sewer but does not include subsoil drainage piping. Drinking-water system has the same meaning as in Subsection 2 (1) of the Safe Drinking Water Act, 2002. Drum trap means a trap that has the inlet and outlet ends in the sides of the cylindrical body of the trap. Dwelling unit means a suite operated as a housekeeping unit, used or intended to be used as a domicile by 1 or more persons and usually containing cooking, eating, living, sleeping and sanitary facilities. Earth pit privy means a latrine consisting of an excavation in the ground surmounted by a superstructure. Effluent means sanitary sewage that has passed through a treatment unit. Electric space heating means an electric energy source that provides more than 10% of the heating capacity provided for the building and includes the following types: (a) electric resistance unitary baseboard heating, (b) electric resistance unitary cabinet heating, (c) electric resistance ceiling cable or floor cable heating, (d) electric resistance central furnace heating, (e) electric hot water space heating, or (f) air source heat pumps in combination with electric resistance backup heating. Excavation means the space created by the removal of soil, rock or fill for the purposes of construction. Exhaust duct means a duct through which air is conveyed from a room or space to the outdoors. Exit means that part of a means of egress, including doorways, that leads from the floor area it serves, to a separate building, an open public thoroughfare, or an exterior open space protected from fire exposure from the building and having access to an open public thoroughfare. Exit level means the level of an enclosed exit stair in a building governed by Subsection 3.2.6. at which an exterior exit door or exit corridor leads to the exterior. Exit storey means a storey having an exterior exit door in a building governed by Subsection 3.2.6. Exposing building face means that part of the exterior wall of a building which faces one direction and is located between ground level and the ceiling of its top storey, or where a building is divided into fire compartments, the exterior wall of a fire compartment which faces one direction. Exterior cladding means those components of a building which are exposed to the outdoor environment and are intended to provide protection against wind, water or vapour. Factory-built chimney means a chimney consisting entirely of factory-made parts, each designed to be assembled with the other without requiring fabrication on site. Farm building means a building or part thereof which does not contain a residential occupancy and which is associated with and located on land devoted to the practice of farming and used essentially for the housing of equipment or livestock, or the production, storage or processing of agricultural and horticultural produce or feeds. Fill means soil, rock, rubble, industrial waste such as slag, organic material or a combination of these that is transported and placed on the natural surface of a soil or rock or organic terrain. It may or may not be compacted. Fire compartment means an enclosed space in a building that is separated from all other parts of the building by enclosing construction providing a fire separation that may be required to have a fire-resistance rating. Fire damper means a closure which consists of a normally held open damper installed in an air distribution system or in a wall or floor assembly, and designed to close automatically in the event of a fire in order to maintain the integrity of the fire separation. Fire detector means a device which detects a fire condition and automatically initiates an electrical signal to actuate an alert signal or alarm signal and includes heat detectors and smoke detectors. Fire load means the combustible contents of a room or floor area expressed in terms of the average weight of combustible materials per unit area, from which the potential heat liberation may be calculated based on the calorific value of the materials, and includes the furnishings, finished floor, wall and ceiling finishes, trim and temporary and movable partitions. Fire-protection rating means the time in hours or fraction thereof that a closure will withstand the passage of flame when exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and performance criteria, or as otherwise prescribed in this Code. Fire-resistance rating means the time in hours or fraction thereof that a material or assembly of materials will withstand the passage of flame and the transmission of heat when exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and performance criteria, or as determined by extension or interpretation of information derived therefrom as prescribed in this Code. Fire-retardant treated wood means wood or a wood product that has had its surface-burning characteristics, such as flame spread, rate of fuel contribution and density of smoke developed, reduced by impregnation with fire-retardant chemicals. Fire separation means a construction assembly that acts as a barrier against the spread of fire. Fire service main means a pipe and its appurtenances which are connected to a source of water and that are located on the property: (a) between the source of water and the base of the riser of a water-based fire protection system, (b) between the source of water and inlets to foam making systems, (c) between the source of water and the base elbow of private hydrants or monitor nozzles, (d) used as fire pump suction and discharge piping not within a building, or (e) beginning at the inlet side of the check valve on a gravity or pressure tank. Fire stop flap means a device intended for use in horizontal assemblies required to have a fire-resistance rating and incorporating protective ceiling membranes, which operates to close off a duct opening through the membrane in the event of a fire. Firewall means a type of fire separation of noncombustible construction which subdivides a building or separates adjoining buildings to resist the spread of fire and which has a fire-resistance rating as prescribed in this Code and has structural stability to remain intact under fire conditions for the required fire-rated time. First storey means the storey with its floor closest to grade and having its ceiling more than 1.8 m above grade. Fixture means a receptacle, plumbing appliance, apparatus or other device that discharges sewage or clear water waste, and includes a floor drain. Fixture drain means the pipe that connects a trap serving a fixture to another part of a drainage system. Fixture outlet pipe means a pipe that connects the waste opening of a fixture to the trap serving the fixture. Fixture unit (as applying to drainage systems) means the unit of measure based on the rate of discharge, time of operation and frequency of use of a fixture that expresses the hydraulic load that is imposed by that fixture on the drainage system. Fixture unit (as applying to water distribution systems) means the unit of measure based on the rate of supply, time of operation and frequency of use of a fixture or outlet that expresses the hydraulic load that is imposed by that fixture or outlet on the supply system. Flame-spread rating means an index or classification indicating the extent of spread-of-flame on the surface of a material or an assembly of materials as determined in a standard fire test as prescribed in this Code. Flood level rim means the top edge at which water can overflow from a fixture or device. Floor area means the space on any storey of a building between exterior walls and required firewalls including the space occupied by interior walls and partitions, but not including exits, vertical service spaces, and their enclosing assemblies. Flow control roof drain means a roof drain that restricts the flow of water that is discharged from a surface as a result of rainfall or snowfall into the storm drainage system. Flue means an enclosed passageway for conveying flue gases. Flue collar means the portion of a fuel-fired appliance designed for the attachment of the flue pipe or breeching. Flue pipe means the pipe connecting the flue collar of an appliance to a chimney. Food premise means a floor area where food or drink for human consumption, or an ingredient of food or drink for human consumption, is manufactured, processed, prepared, stored, displayed, handled, served, distributed, sold or offered for sale, but does not include, (a) a private residence, (b) a boarding house that provides meals for fewer than ten boarders, (c) a building to which Regulation 554 or 568 of the Revised Regulations of Ontario, 1990 applies, (d) a plant, as defined in the Milk Act, that is required to be operated under the authority of a licence issued under that Act, (e) a plant, as defined in the Meat Inspection Act, that is required to be operated under the authority of a licence issued under that Act, (f) an egg-grading station or a processed egg station that is required to be operated under the authority of a licence issued under the Livestock and Livestock Products Act, (g) a floor area occupied by a church, service club or fraternal organization for the purpose of, (i) preparing meals for special events for its members and personally invited guests, or (ii) conducting bake sales, or (h) a farm building. Forced-air furnace means a furnace equipped with a fan that provides the primary means for the circulation of air. Force main means a sanitary drainage pipe through which sanitary sewage is conveyed by mechanical or pneumatic propulsion. Foundation means a system or arrangement of foundation units through which the loads from a building are transferred to supporting soil or rock. Foundation unit means one of the structural members of the foundation of a building such as a footing, raft or pile. Fresh air inlet means a vent pipe that is installed in conjunction with a building trap and terminates in open air. Frost action means the phenomenon that occurs when water in soil is subjected to freezing which, because of the water ice phase change or ice lens growth, results in a total volume increase or the build-up of expansive forces under confined conditions or both, and the subsequent thawing that leads to loss of soil strength and increased compressibility. Furnace means a space-heating appliance using warm air as the heating medium and usually having provision for the attachment of ducts. Gaming premise means a gaming premises as defined in the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation Act, 1999. Gas vent means that portion of a venting system designed to convey vent gases to the outdoors from the vent connector of a gas-fired appliance or directly from the appliance when a vent connector is not used. Grade means the average level of proposed or finished ground adjoining a building at all exterior walls. Graded lumber means lumber which has been graded and stamped to indicate its grade as determined by the NLGA “Standard Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber”. Greywater means sanitary sewage of domestic origin which is derived from fixtures other than sanitary units. Gross area means the total area of all floors above grade measured between the outside surfaces of exterior walls or between the outside surfaces of exterior walls and the centre line of firewalls except that, in any other occupancy than a residential occupancy, where an access or a building service penetrates a firewall, measurements shall not be taken to the centre line of such firewall. Groundwater means a free standing body of water in the ground. Groundwater level means the top surface of a free standing body of water in the ground. Ground water means water below the surface of the ground occupying a zone of the earth’s mantle that is saturated with water. Ground water table means the elevation of the upper surface of the ground water existing in the area of the sewage system. Guard means a protective barrier around openings in floors or at the open sides of stairs, landings, balconies, mezzanines, galleries, raised walkways or other locations to prevent accidental falls from one level to another. Such barrier may or may not have openings through it. Hauled sewage means sanitary sewage that, (a) is not finally disposed of at the site where it is produced and is not conveyed by a sewer to a sewage works, and (b) is stored or retained at the site where it is produced for periodic collection, handling, treatment, transportation, storage or processing prior to final disposal at a place other than where it was produced, and includes sanitary sewage that is removed from a sewage system for purposes of cleaning or maintaining the system. Hauled sewage system means works, installations, equipment, operations and land used in connection with the collection, handling, treatment, transportation, storage, processing and disposal of hauled sewage as regulated under the Environmental Protection Act. Hazard index means a level on a scale of 1 to 8 determined in accordance with Tables 11.2.1.1.B. to 11.2.1.1.N. designating the life safety hazard to occupants of the building based on, (a) use and occupancy, (b) occupant load, (c) the use and function of floor spaces, (d) the difficulty of egress, (e) the fire load of contents, finishes and furnishings, (f) the configuration or compartmentation of floor spaces, and (g) the size of building, and “H.I.” has a corresponding meaning. Hazardous classroom means a classroom supplied with flammable gas, containing hazardous substances such as chemicals or explosive dusts, containing large quantities of combustible materials or where cooking equipment is used. Hazardous room means a room containing sufficient quantities of a substance which because of its chemical nature may create an atmosphere or condition of imminent hazard to health. Header means a vent pipe that connects two or more vent stacks or stack vents to open air. Header line means a line of pipe with watertight joints installed in a sewage system for the purpose of distributing effluent from a treatment unit to the distribution pipe in a leaching bed. Heat detector means a fire detector designed to operate at a predetermined temperature or rate of temperature rise. Heavy timber construction means that type of combustible construction in which a degree of fire safety is attained by placing limitations on the sizes of wood structural members and on thickness and composition of wood floors and roofs and by the avoidance of concealed spaces under floors and roofs. Heritage building means a building designated under the Ontario Heritage Act, or a building that is certified to be of significant architectural or historical value by a recognized, non-profit public organization whose primary object is the preservation of structures of architectural or historical significance and which certification is accepted by the chief building official. High ground water table means the highest elevation at which there is physical evidence that the soil (as defined in Part 8) or leaching bed fill has been saturated with water. High hazard industrial occupancy (Group F, Division 1) means an industrial occupancy containing sufficient quantities of highly combustible and flammable or explosive materials which, because of their inherent characteristics, constitute a special fire hazard. Holding tank means a tank designed for the total retention of all sanitary sewage discharged into it and requiring periodic emptying. Home for special care means a home for the care of persons requiring nursing, residential or sheltered care. Horizontal branch means that part of a waste pipe that is horizontal and installed to convey the discharge from more than one fixture. Horizontal exit means an exit from one building to another by means of a doorway, vestibule, walkway, bridge or balcony. Horizontal service space means a space such as an attic, duct, ceiling, roof or crawl space oriented essentially in a horizontal plane, concealed and generally inaccessible, through which building service facilities such as pipes, ducts and wiring may pass. Hotel means floor areas, a floor area or part of a floor area containing 4 or more suites which provide sleeping accommodation for the travelling public or for recreational purposes. Hub drain means a drain opening for indirect liquid wastes that does not serve as a floor drain, that has the same pipe size, material and venting requirements as a floor drain and that has a flood level rim above the floor in which it is installed and receives wastes that are discharged directly into the drain opening. Impeded egress zone means a supervised area in which occupants have free movement but require the release, by security personnel, of security doors at the boundary before they are able to leave the area, but does not include a contained use area. Indirect service water heater means a service water heater that derives its heat from a heating medium such as warm air, steam or hot water. Indirectly connected means not directly connected. Indoor pool means a public pool where the pool and pool deck are totally or partially covered by a roof. Industrial occupancy means the occupancy or use of a building or part thereof for the assembling, fabricating, manufacturing, processing, repairing or storing of goods and materials. Interceptor means a receptacle that is designed and installed to prevent oil, grease, sand or other materials from passing into a drainage system. Interconnected floor space means superimposed floor areas or parts of floor areas in which floor assemblies that are required to be fire separations are penetrated by openings that are not provided with closures. Leaching means dispersal of liquid by downward or lateral drainage or both into permeable soil (as defined in Part 8) or leaching bed fill. Leaching bed means an absorption system constructed as absorption trenches or as a filter bed, located wholly in ground or raised or partly raised above ground as required by local conditions, to which effluent from a treatment unit is applied for treatment and disposal and that is composed of, (a) the soil (as defined in Part 8), leaching bed fill or other filter media that is contained between the surface to which the sanitary sewage is applied and the bottom of the bed, (b) the distribution pipe and the stone or gravel layer in which such pipe is located, and (c) the backfill above the distribution pipe, including the topsoil and sodding or other anti-erosion measure, and the side slopes of any portion elevated above the natural ground elevation. Leaching bed fill means unconsolidated material suitable for the construction of a leaching bed placed in the area of the leaching bed in order to obtain the required unsaturated zone below the distribution pipes, and the required lateral extent such that the effluent is absorbed. Leader means a pipe that is installed to carry storm water from a roof to a storm building drain or sewer or other place of disposal. Limiting distance means the distance from an exposing building face to a property line, the centre line of a street, lane or public thoroughfare, or to an imaginary line between 2 buildings or fire compartments on the same property, measured at right angles to the exposing building face. Listed means equipment or materials included in a list published by a certification organization accredited by the Standards Council of Canada. Live load means the load other than dead load to be assumed in the design of the structural members of a building. It includes loads resulting from snow, rain, wind, earthquake and those due to occupancy. Live/work unit means a dwelling unit that contains a subsidiary business and personal services occupancy or a subsidiary low hazard industrial occupancy, has an area of not more than 150 m2, and is used and operated by one or more persons of a single household. Loadbearing as applying to a building element means subjected to or designed to carry loads in addition to its own dead load, excepting a wall element subjected only to wind or earthquake loads in addition to its own dead load. Loading rate means the volume, in litres, of effluent per square metre applied in a single day to the soil (as defined in Part 8) or leaching bed fill. Low hazard industrial occupancy (Group F, Division 3) means an industrial occupancy in which the combustible content is not more than 50 kg/m2 or 1200 MJ/m2 of floor area. Low human occupancy (as applying to farm buildings) means an occupancy having an occupant load of not more than one person per 40 m2 of floor area during normal use. Major occupancy means the principal occupancy for which a building or part thereof is used or intended to be used, and shall be deemed to include the subsidiary occupancies which are an integral part of the principal occupancy. Make-up water means water added to a public pool from an external source. Marquee means a canopy over an entrance to a building. Masonry or concrete chimney means a chimney of brick, stone, concrete or masonry units constructed on site. Means of egress means a continuous path of travel provided for the escape of persons from any point in a building or contained open space to a separate building, an open public thoroughfare, or an exterior open space protected from fire exposure from the building and having access to an open public thoroughfare.  Means of egress includes exits and access to exits. Medium hazard industrial occupancy (Group F, Division 2) means an industrial occupancy in which the combustible content is more than 50 kg/m2 or 1200 MJ/m2 of floor area and not classified as high hazard industrial occupancy. Mercantile occupancy means the occupancy or use of a building or part thereof for the displaying or selling of retail goods, wares or merchandise. Mezzanine means an intermediate floor assembly between the floor and ceiling of any room or storey and includes an interior balcony. Modified pool means a public pool that has a basin-shaped floor sloping downward and inward toward the interior from the rim. Modified stack venting means a stack venting arrangement where the stack vent above the connection of the highest stack vented fixture is reduced in diameter. Municipal drinking-water system has the same meaning as in Subsection 2 (1) of the Safe Drinking Water Act, 2002. Nominally horizontal means at an angle of less than 45° with the horizontal. Nominally vertical means at an angle of not more than 45° with the vertical. Noncombustible means that a material meets the acceptance criteria of CAN4-S114, “Standard Method of Test for Determination of Non-Combustibility in Building Materials”. Noncombustible construction means that type of construction in which a degree of fire safety is attained by the use of noncombustible materials for structural members and other building assemblies. Occupancy means the use or intended use of a building or part thereof for the shelter or support of persons, animals or property. Occupant load means the number of persons for which building or part thereof is designed. Offset means the piping that connects the ends of 2 pipes that are parallel. Open air means the atmosphere outside a building. Open-air storey means a storey in which at least 25% of the total area of its perimeter walls is open to the outdoors in a manner that will provide cross ventilation to the entire storey. Outdoor pool means a public pool that is not an indoor pool. Pail privy means a latrine in which the receptacle for human waste consists of a removable container surmounted by a superstructure. Partition means an interior wall 1 storey or part-storey in height that is not loadbearing. Party wall means a wall jointly owned and jointly used by 2 parties under easement agreement or by right in law, and erected at or upon a line separating 2 parcels of land each of which is, or is capable of being, a separate real-estate entity. Perched groundwater means a free standing body of water in the ground extending to a limited depth. Percolation time means the average time in minutes that is required for water to drop one centimetre during a percolation test or as determined by a soil evaluation or analysis. Performance level means that level of performance under which all or part of an existing building functions with respect to its building systems. Pharmacy means a premises or the part of a premises in which prescriptions are compounded and dispensed for the public or in which drugs are sold by retail. Pile means a slender deep foundation unit, made of materials such as wood, steel or concrete or combination thereof, which is either premanufactured and placed by driving, jacking, jetting or screwing, or cast-in-place in a hole formed by driving, excavating or boring. Plenum means a chamber forming part of an air duct system. Plumbing appliance means a receptacle or equipment that receives or collects water, liquids or sewage and discharges water, liquid or sewage directly or indirectly to a plumbing system. Plumbing system means a system of connected piping, fittings, valves, equipment, fixtures and appurtenances contained in plumbing. Point of entry treatment unit has the same meaning as in Subsection 1 (1) of Ontario Regulation 170/03 made under the Safe Drinking Water Act, 2002. Pool deck means the area immediately surrounding a public pool. Portable privy means a portable latrine in which the receptacle for human body waste and the superstructure are combined structurally into one unit. Post-disaster building means a building essential to provide services in the event of a disaster, and includes hospitals, fire stations, police stations, radio stations, telephone exchanges, power stations, electrical substations, water and sewage pumping stations and fuel depot buildings. Potable means fit for human consumption. Potable water system means the plumbing that conveys potable water. Pressurized distribution system means a leaching bed in which the effluent is distributed through the use of pressurized distribution pipes. Private sewage disposal system means a sewage system or a sewage works which is not owned and operated by the Crown, a municipality or an organisation acceptable to the Director responsible for issuing a Certificate of Approval under the Ontario Water Resources Act. Private sewer means a sewer other than a building sewer that, (a) is not owned or operated by a municipality, the Ministry of Environment or other public agency, (b) receives drainage from more than one sanitary building drain either directly or through more than one sanitary building sewer or receives drainage from more than one storm building drain either directly or through one or more storm building sewers, and connects to a main sewer, or (c) serves as a place of disposal on the property, but does not include: (d) a sewer that carries only the sanitary waste or storm sewage from two semi-detached dwelling units, (e) a sewer that carries only the sanitary waste or storm sewage from one main building that is of industrial, commercial or care or detention occupancy and one ancillary building, or (f) a sewer that carries only the sanitary waste or storm sewage from a row housing complex having five or fewer single family residences. Private water supply means piping on the property that conveys potable water from a drinking-water system to more than one water service pipe. Privy vault means a latrine in which the receptacle for the human waste consists of a constructed vault from which the waste is periodically removed. Professional engineer means, for the purposes of the Act and this Code, a person who holds a licence or a temporary licence under the Professional Engineers Act. Public corridor means a corridor that provides access to exit from more than 1 suite. Public heritage building means a heritage building where occupancy in whole or in part includes viewing thereof by the public provided that displays therein are limited to those relevant to the heritage significance of the building. Public pool means a structure, basin, chamber or tank containing or intended to contain an artificial body of water for swimming, water sport, water recreation or entertainment but does not include, (a) pools operated in conjunction with less than six dwelling units, suites or single family residences or any combination thereof, (b) pools that are used only for commercial display and demonstration purposes, (c) wading pools, (d) hydro-massage pools, or (e) pools that serve only as receiving basins for persons at the bottom of water slides. Public spa means a hydro-massage pool containing an artificial body of water that is intended primarily for therapeutic or recreational use, that is not drained, cleaned or refilled before use by each individual and that utilizes hydrojet circulation, air induction bubbles, current flow or a combination of them over the majority of the pool area, but does not include, (a) wading pools, or (b) spas operated in conjunction with less than six dwelling units, suites or single family residences, or any combination of them, for the use of occupants or residents and their visitors. Public use (as applying to the classification of plumbing fixtures) means fixtures in general washrooms of schools, gymnasiums, hotels, bars, public comfort stations and other installations where fixtures are installed so that their use is unrestricted. Public way means a sidewalk, street, highway, square or other open space to which the public has access, as of right or by invitation, expressed or implied. Range means a cooking appliance equipped with a cooking surface and 1 or more ovens. Recirculation system means a system that maintains circulation of water through a public pool by pumps, and that provides continuous treatment that includes filtration and chlorination or bromination and any other process that may be necessary for the treatment of the water. Recreational camp means a camp for recreational activities consisting of 1 or more buildings or other structures, established or maintained as living quarters with or without charge for 10 or more persons, for temporary occupancy of 5 or more days. Relief vent means a vent pipe that connects at the upper end to a vent stack and connects at the lower end to a horizontal branch between the first fixture connection and the soil stack or waste stack. Repair for the purposes of clause 15 (5) (b) of the Act includes taking any actions that the chief building official considers necessary for the protection of the public. Repair garage means a building or part thereof where facilities are provided for the repair or servicing of motor vehicles. Residential occupancy means the occupancy or use of a building or part thereof by persons for whom sleeping accommodation is provided but who are not harboured or detained to receive medical care or treatment or are not involuntarily detained. Return duct means a duct for conveying air from a space being heated, ventilated or air-conditioned back to the heating, ventilating or air-conditioning appliance. Riser means a water distributing pipe that extends through at least one full storey (as defined in Part 7 of this Code). Rock means that portion of the earth’s crust which is consolidated, coherent and relatively hard and is a naturally formed, solidly bonded, mass of mineral matter which cannot readily be broken by hand. Roof drain means a fitting or device that is installed in the roof to permit storm sewage to discharge into a leader. Roof gutter means an exterior channel installed at the base of a sloped roof to convey storm sewage. Sanitary building drain means a building drain that conducts sewage and connects to the sanitary building sewer. Sanitary building sewer means a pipe that is connected to a sanitary building drain 1 000 mm outside a wall of a building and that conducts sewage to a public sewer or private sewage disposal system. Sanitary drainage pipe means all piping that conveys sanitary sewage to a place of disposal, including the sanitary building drain, sanitary building sewer, soil pipe, soil stack, waste stack and waste pipe but not the main sewer or piping in a sewage treatment plant. Sanitary drainage system means a drainage system that conducts sanitary sewage. Sanitary sewage means liquid or water borne waste, (a) of industrial or commercial origin, or (b) of domestic origin, including human body waste, toilet or other bathroom waste, and shower, tub, culinary, sink and laundry waste. Sanitary sewer means a sewer that conducts sewage. Sanitary unit means a water closet, urinal, bidet or bedpan washer. Self-service storage building means a building that is used to provide individual storage spaces to the public and that is open to the public only for those purposes. Septic tank means a watertight vault in which sanitary sewage is collected for the purpose of removing scum, grease and solids from the liquid without the addition of air and where solids settling and anaerobic digestion of the sanitary sewage takes place. Service room means a room provided in a building to contain equipment associated with building services. Service space means space provided in a building to facilitate or conceal the installation of building service facilities such as chutes, ducts, pipes, shafts or wires. Service water heater means a device for heating water for plumbing services. Sewage means sanitary sewage or storm sewage. Sewage system means, (a) a chemical toilet, an incinerating toilet, a recirculating toilet, a self-contained portable toilet and all forms of privy including a portable privy, an earth pit privy, a pail privy, a privy vault and a composting toilet system, (b) a greywater system, (c) a cesspool, (d) a leaching bed system, or (e) a system which requires or uses a holding tank for the retention of hauled sewage at the site where it is produced prior to its collection by a hauled sewage system, where these, (f) have a design capacity of 10,000 litres per day or less, (g) have, in total, a design capacity of 10,000 litres per day or less where more than one of these are located on a lot or parcel of land, and (h) are located wholly within the boundaries of the lot or parcel of land on which is located the building or buildings they serve. Sewage works means a sewage works as defined in the Ontario Water Resources Act. Shallow buried trench means an absorption trench that contains a chamber. Shallow foundation means a foundation unit which derives its support from soil or rock located close to the lowest part of the building which it supports. Size means the nominal diameter by which a pipe, fitting, trap or other similar item is commercially designated. Smoke alarm means a combined smoke detector and audible alarm device designed to sound an alarm within the room or suite in which it is located upon the detection of smoke within that room or suite. Smoke detector means a fire detector designed to operate when the concentration of airborne combustion products exceeds a pre-determined level. Soil means that portion of the earth’s crust which is fragmentary, or such that some individual particles of a dried sample may be readily separated by agitation in water; it includes boulders, cobbles, gravel, sand, silt, clay and organic matter. Soil pipe means a sanitary drainage pipe that carries the discharge of a sanitary unit with or without the discharge from any other fixture. Soil stack means a vertical soil pipe that passes through one or more storeys and includes any offset that is part of the stack. Space heater means a space-heating appliance for heating the room or space within which it is located, without the use of ducts. Space-heating appliance means an appliance intended for the supplying of heat to a room or space directly, such as a space heater, fireplace or unit heater, or to rooms or spaces of a building through a heating system such as a central furnace or boiler. Sprinklered means equipped with a system of automatic sprinklers. Stack vent means a vent pipe that connects the top of a soil or waste stack to a header or open air and “stack vented” has a corresponding meaning. Stack venting when used with reference to fixtures means an arrangement such that the connections of the drainage piping from the stack vented fixtures to the stack provide venting to the fixture traps so that no additional vent pipe is required. Stage means a space designed primarily for theatrical performances with provision for quick change scenery and overhead lighting, including environmental control for a wide range of lighting and sound effects and which is traditionally, but not necessarily, separated from the audience by a proscenium wall and curtain opening. Starting platform means a rigid platform located entirely on the pool deck consisting of a top which, if projected horizontally over the water surface, would be less than 1 000 mm in vertical height above the surface and that is designed to be used by a swimmer to dive from at the start of a swimming race. Storage garage means a building or part thereof intended for the storage or parking of motor vehicles and which contains no provision for the repair or servicing of such vehicles. Storage-type service water heater means a service water heater with an integral hot water storage tank. Storey means that portion of a building which is situated between the top of any floor and the top of the floor next above it, and if there is no floor above it, that portion between the top of such floor and the ceiling above it. Storm building drain means a building drain that conveys storm sewage to a storm building sewer. Storm building sewer means a building sewer that conveys storm sewage to a place of disposal and commences 1 000 mm from the building. Storm drainage pipe means all the connected piping that conveys storm sewage to a place of disposal and includes the storm building drain, storm building sewer, rain water leader, catch basin and area drain installed to collect water from the property and the piping that drains water from a swimming pool or from water cooled air conditioning equipment, but does not include, (a) a main storm sewer, (b) a subsoil drainage pipe, or (c) a private sewage treatment and disposal facility designed for the treatment or retention of storm sewage prior to discharge to the natural environment. Storm drainage system means a drainage system that conveys storm sewage. Storm sewage means water that is discharged from a surface as a result of rainfall, snow melt or snowfall. Storm sewer means a sewer that conveys storm sewage. Stove means an appliance intended for cooking and space heating. Street means any highway, road, boulevard, square or other improved thoroughfare 9 m or more in width, which has been dedicated or deeded for public use, and is accessible to fire department vehicles and equipment. Subsoil drainage pipe means a pipe that is installed underground to intercept and convey subsurface water, and includes foundation drain pipes. Subsurface investigation means the appraisal of the general subsurface conditions at a building site by analysis of information gained by such methods as geological surveys, in situ testing, sampling, visual inspection, laboratory testing of samples of the subsurface materials and groundwater observations and measurements. Suite means a single room or series of rooms of complementary use, operated under a single tenancy, and includes dwelling units, individual guest rooms in motels, hotels, boarding houses, rooming houses and dormitories as well as individual stores and individual or complementary rooms for business and personal services occupancies. Supply duct means a duct for conveying air from a heating, ventilating or air-conditioning appliance to a space to be heated, ventilated or air-conditioned. Surface water means water on the surface of the ground. Theatre means a place of public assembly intended for the production and viewing of the performing arts or the screening and viewing of motion pictures, and consisting of an auditorium with permanently fixed seats intended solely for a viewing audience. Trap means a fitting or device that is designed to hold a liquid seal that will prevent the passage of gas but will not materially affect the flow of a liquid. Trap dip means the lowest part of the upper interior surface of a trap. Trap seal depth means the vertical distance between the trap dip and the trap weir. Trap standard means the trap for a fixture that is integral with the support for the fixture. Trap weir means the highest part of the lower interior surface of a trap. Treatment unit means a device which when designed, installed and operated in accordance with its design specifications provides a specific degree of sanitary sewage treatment reducing the contaminant load from that of sanitary sewage to given effluent quality. Tribunal means the License Appeal Tribunal established under the Licence Appeal Tribunal Act, 1999. Ungraded lumber means lumber which has not been grade stamped to indicate its grade as determined by the NLGA “Standard Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber” but which meets the following visual attributes: (a) it is rough sawn to full nominal size, (b) it has no evidence of decay, (c) it has no tight knots which exceed 25% of the cross section and which are spaced closer than 150 mm on centres, (d) it has no loose knots or holes which exceed 25% of the cross section and which are spaced closer than 600 mm on centres, (e) it has the slope of grain not exceeding 1 (vertical) in 4 (horizontal), and (f) it is free of excessive warp. Unit heater means a suspended space heater with an integral air circulating fan. Unprotected opening as applying to exposing building face means a doorway, window or opening other than one equipped with a closure having the required fire-protection rating, or any part of a wall forming part of the exposing building face that has a fire-resistance rating less than required for the exposing building face. Vacuum breaker means back-siphonage preventer. Vapour barrier means the elements installed to control the diffusion of water vapour. Vent connector as applying to heating or cooling systems means the part of a venting system that conducts the flue gases or vent gases from the flue collar of a gas appliance to the chimney or gas vent, and may include a draft control device. Vent pipe means a pipe that is part of a venting system. Vent stack means a vent pipe that is connected at its upper end to a header or is terminated in open air and that is used to limit pressure differential in a soil or waste stack. Venting system means an assembly of pipes and fittings that connects a drainage system with open air for circulation of air and the protection of trap seals in the drainage system. Vertical leg means the vertical portion of a fixture drain and includes the portion of a drain from the outlet of a water closet bowl to the point where the connecting piping changes to horizontal. Vertical service space means a shaft oriented essentially vertically that is provided in a building to facilitate the installation of building services including mechanical, electrical and plumbing installations and facilities such as elevators, refuse chutes and linen chutes. Walkway means a covered or roofed pedestrian thoroughfare used to connect 2 or more buildings. Waste pipe means a sanitary drainage pipe that carries the discharge from a fixture directly to a waste stack, soil stack, sanitary building drain, branch or sewage system. Waste stack means a vertical waste pipe that passes through one or more storeys and includes any offset that is part of the stack that conducts liquid waste from fixtures other than sanitary units. Water distribution system means an assembly of pipes, fittings, valves and appurtenances that conveys potable water to water supply outlets, fixtures, plumbing appliances and devices from the water service pipe or from a point of entry treatment unit located in the building. Water purveyor means the owner or operator of a drinking-water system. Water service pipe means a pipe on the property that conveys potable water from a drinking-water system or a private water supply to the inside of the building. Water system means a water service pipe, a private water supply, a water distribution system, a fire service main or parts of any of them. Wave action pool means a public pool equipped with a means for inducing wave motion in the water. Wet vent means a waste pipe that also serves as a vent pipe. Working capacity means the volume of liquid that a treatment unit or holding tank is capable of holding without overflowing while it is in its working position, but does not include the volume of liquid contained in a compartment in which a pump or siphon is installed. X-ray equipment includes x-ray imaging systems, processing equipment and equipment directly related to the production of images for diagnosis or directly related to irradiation with x-rays for therapy. X-ray machine means an electrically-powered device producing x-rays for the irradiation of a human being or an animal for a therapeutic or diagnostic purpose or for industrial use. Yoke vent means a vent pipe that is connected at its lower end to a soil or waste stack and at its upper end to a vent stack or a branch vent that is connected to a vent stack.