jswizzle3737/ontario_laws_and_regs huggingface dataset:
9.3.1.7. Site Mixed Concrete (1) The concrete mixes described in Table 9.3.1.7. shall be considered acceptable if, when measured according to the slump test described in Appendix A of CAN3-A438-M, “Concrete Construction for Housing and Small Buildings,” the slump does not exceed (a) 150 mm for footings for walls, columns, fireplaces and chimneys, foundation walls, grade beams and piers, or (b) 100 mm for garage and carport floors and all exterior flatwork. Table 9.3.1.7. Site Mixed Concrete Proportions(1) Forming Part of Sentence 9.3.1.7.(1)  Maximum Size of Course Aggregate mm

Materials, volume


Cement

Fine Aggregate (damp average course sand)

Course Aggregate (gravel or crushed stone)


Parts

L(2)

Parts

L

Parts

L


14

1

28

1.75

49

2

56


20

1

28

1.75

49

2.5

70


28

1

28

2

56

3

84


40

1

28

2

56

3.5

98


Column 1

2

3

4

5

6

7 Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.: (1) The concrete strength obtained from these proportions will be in excess of the minimum strengths required in Sentence 9.3.1.6.(1). (2) A 40 kg bag of cement contains 28 L. (2) Aggregate for unreinforced concrete mixes referred to in Sentence (1) shall not exceed in size (a) 1/5 the distance between the sides of vertical forms, or (b) 1/3 the thickness of flatwork.
9.3.1.8. Admixtures (1) Admixtures shall conform to CAN3-A266.1-M, “Air Entraining Admixtures for Concrete” or CAN3-A266.2-M, “Chemical Admixtures for Concrete,” as applicable.
9.3.1.9. Reinforced Concrete (1) Reinforced concrete shall be designed to conform to the requirements of Part 4.
9.3.1.10. Cold Weather Requirements (1) When the air temperature is below 5oC, concrete shall be (a) kept at a temperature of not less than 10oC or more than 25oC while being placed, and (b) maintained at a temperature of not less than 10oC for 72 h after placing. (2) No frozen material or ice shall be used in concrete described in Sentence (1). 9.3.2.Lumber and Wood Products
9.3.2.1. Grade Marking (1) Lumber for joists, rafters, trusses and beams and for the uses listed in Table 9.3.2.1. shall be identified by a grade stamp to indicate its grade as determined by the NLGA “Standard Grading Rules for Canadian Lumber.” Table 9.3.2.1. Minimum Lumber Grades for Specific End Uses Forming Part of Sentence 9.3.2.1.(1)  Use

Boards

Framing


Paragraph in the NLGA grading rules under which boards are graded


All Species

Eastern White Pine & Red Pine

All Species


Para 113

Para 114

Para 118


Stud wall framing (loadbearing members)

—

—

—

Stud, Standard No. 2


Stud wall framing (non-loadbearing members)

—

—

—

Stud, Utility No. 3


Plank frame construction (loadbearing members)

No. 3 Common

—

No. 3 Common

No. 2


Plank frame construction (non-loadbearing members)

No. 5 Common

—

No. 5 Common

Economy, No 3


Post and beams less than 114 mm thickness

—

—

—

Standard, No.2


Post and beams not less than 114 mm thickness

—

—

—

Standard


Roof sheathing

No. 3 Common

Standard

No. 4 Common

—


Subflooring

No. 3 common

Standard

No. 3 Common

—


Wall sheathing when required as a nailing base

No. 4 Common

Utility

No. 4 Common

—


Wall sheathing not required as a nailing base

No. 5 Common

Common

No. 5 Common

—


Column 1

2

3

4

5 9.3.2.2.Lumber Grades (1) Except for joists, rafters, trusses and beams, visually graded lumber shall conform to the grades in Table 9.3.2.1.
9.3.2.3. Machine Stress Rated Lumber (1) Machine stress rated lumber shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 4.3.1.
9.3.2.4. OSB, Waferboard and Plywood Marking (1) OSB, waferboard and plywood used for roof sheathing, wall sheathing and subflooring shall be legibly identified on the face of the material indicating (a) the manufacturer of the material, (b) the standard to which it is produced, and (c) that the material is of an exterior type.
9.3.2.5. Moisture Content (1) Moisture content of lumber shall be not more than 19% at the time of installation.
9.3.2.6. Lumber Dimensions (1) Lumber dimensions referred to in this Part are actual dimensions determined in conformance with CAN/CSA-O141, “Softwood Lumber”.
9.3.2.7. Panel Thickness Tolerances (1) The thickness specified in this Part for plywood, hardboard, particleboard, OSB and waferboard shall be subject to the tolerances permitted in the standards referenced for these products unless specifically indicated herein.
9.3.2.8. Undersized Lumber (1) Joist, rafter, lintel and beam members up to 5% less than the actual Canadian standard sizes are permitted to be used provided the allowable spans for the grade and species of lumber under consideration are reduced 5% from those shown in the span tables for full size members.
9.3.2.9. Termite and Decay Protection (1) In localities where termites are known to occur, the clearance between structural wood elements and the ground shall be not less than 450 mm, unless the structural wood elements are pressure treated with a chemical that is toxic to termites. (2) Structural wood elements shall be pressure treated with a preservative to resist decay where (a) the structural wood elements are in contact with the ground, or (b) the vertical clearance between structural wood elements and the ground is less than 150 mm. (3) Where wood is required by this Article to be treated to resist termites or decay, such treatment shall be in accordance with the requirements of (a) CAN/CSA-O80.1-M, “Preservative Treatment of All Timber Products by Pressure Process”, (b) CAN/CSA-O80.2-M, “Preservative Treatment of Lumber, Timber, Bridge Ties and Mine Ties by Pressure Process”, (c) CAN/CSA-O80.9-M, “Preservative Treatment of Plywood by Pressure Process”, or (d) CAN/CSA-O80.15-M, “Preservative Treatment of Wood for Building Foundation Systems, Basements and Crawl Spaces by Pressure Process”. 9.3.3.Metal
9.3.3.1. Sheet Metal Thickness (1) Minimum thickness for sheet material given in this Part refer to the actual minimum thickness measured at any point of the material, and in the case of galvanized steel, include the thickness of the coating unless otherwise indicated.
9.3.3.2. Galvanized Sheet Steel (1) Where galvanized sheet steel is intended for use in locations exposed to weather or as a flashing material, it shall have a zinc coating not less than the G90 coating designation in (a) ASTM A 653, “Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvanealed) by the Hot-Dip Process”, or (b) ASTM A 924, “Specification for General Requirements for Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot Dip Process”. Section 9.4.Structural Requirements 9.4.1.General
9.4.1.1. Structural Design (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), Sentence 9.23.4.2.(2) and Subsections 9.4.2. to 9.4.4. and Subsection 9.40.3., structural members and their connections shall be designed in conformance with Part 4. (2) Where structural members and their connections conform to the requirements listed elsewhere in this Part, it shall be deemed that the structural design requirements have been met.
9.4.1.2. Post, Beam and Plank Construction (1) Except for columns described in Section 9.17. and beams described in Subsection 9.23.4., post, beam and plank construction with the loadbearing framing members spaced more than 600 mm apart shall be designed in conformance with Subsection 4.3.1. 9.4.2.Specified Loads
9.4.2.1. Application (1) This Subsection applies to wood frame assemblies with clear spans not exceeding 12.20 m and members spaced not more than 600 mm apart.
9.4.2.2. Design Snow Loads (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), specified snow loads shall be not less than the composite snow load listed in Column 12 of Table 2.5.1.1. (2) Where the entire width of a roof does not exceed 4.3 m, the specified snow load shall be not less than the composite snow load listed in Column 13 of Table 2.5.1.1. (3) In no case shall the specified snow load be less than 1 kPa. (4) Bow string, arch or semi-circular roof trusses having an unsupported span greater than 6 m shall be designed in conformance with the snow load requirements in Subsection 4.1.7.
9.4.2.3. Balconies (1) Residential balconies not used as passageways shall be designed to carry the specified roof snow load or 1.9 kPa, whichever is greater.
9.4.2.4. Attics (1) Residential attics having limited accessibility to preclude storage of equipment or material are permitted to be designed for a total specified load of 0.5 kPa, where the total specified load is the sum of the specified dead load plus the specified live ceiling load. 9.4.3.Deflections
9.4.3.1. Deflections (1) The maximum deflection of structural members shall conform to Table 9.4.3.1. Table 9.4.3.1. Maximum Deflections Forming Part of Sentence 9.4.3.1.(1)  Structural Members

Type of Ceiling Supported

Max. Allowable Deflection as an Expressed Ratio of the Clear Span


Roof rafters, roof joists, roof beams and roof decking of plank and beam construction

No ceiling

1/180


Other than plaster or gypsum board

1/240


Plaster or gypsum board

1/360


Ceiling joists

Other than plaster or gypsum board

1/240


Plaster or gypsum board

1/360


Floor beams, floor joists and floor decking

All cases

1/360


Column 1

2

3 (2) Dead loads need not be considered in computing deflections referred to in Sentence (1). 9.4.4.Foundation Conditions
9.4.4.1. Allowable Bearing Pressures (1) Where footing sizes for shallow foundations are not determined in conformance with Section 9.15., footings are permitted to be designed using maximum allowable bearing pressures in Table 9.4.4.1. Table 9.4.4.1. Allowable bearing Pressure for Soil or Rock Forming Part of Sentence 9.4.4.1.(1)  Type and Condition of Soil or Rock

Maximum Allowable
Bearing Pressure, kPa


Dense or compact sand or gravel

150


Loose sand or gravel

50


Dense or compact silt

100


Stiff clay

150


Firm clay

75


Soft clay

40


Till

200


Clay shale

300


Sound rock

500


Column 1

2 (2) The design procedures described in Section 4.2 are permitted to be used in lieu of the design procedures in this Subsection. (3) The design procedures described in Section 4.2 shall be used where (a) deep foundations are used, (b) the footing size falls outside the scope of this Section, or (c) the foundation is constructed on peat, filled ground or on sensitive clays as described in Article 9.15.1.1.
9.4.4.2. Foundation Capacity in Weaker Soil and Rock (1) Where a soil or rock within a distance equal to twice the footing width below the bearing surface has a lower allowable bearing pressure than that at the bearing surface as shown in Article 9.4.4.1., the design capacity of the foundation shall not be greater than would cause the weakest soil or rock to be stressed beyond its allowable bearing pressure. (2) In calculating subsurface pressures referred to in Sentence (1), the loads from the footings shall be assumed to be distributed uniformly over a horizontal plane within a frustum extending downward from the footing at an angle of 60o to the horizontal.
9.4.4.3. High Water Table (1) Where a foundation bears on gravel, sand or silt, and the water table is within a distance below the bearing surface equal to the width of the foundation, the allowable bearing pressure shall be 50% of that determined in Article 9.4.4.1.
9.4.4.4. Soil Movement (1) Where a foundation is located in an area in which soil movement caused by changes in soil moisture content is known to occur to the extent that it will cause significant damage to a building, measures shall be taken to minimize the effect of such movement on the building.
9.4.4.5. Walls Supporting Drained Earth (1) Walls supporting drained earth are permitted to be designed for pressure equivalent to that exerted by a fluid with a density of not less than 480 kg/m3 and having a depth equal to that of the retained earth. (2) Any surcharge shall be in addition to the equivalent fluid pressure specified in Sentence (1). Section 9.5.Design of Areas and Spaces 9.5.1.General
9.5.1.1. Application  (1) Unless otherwise specifically indicated, this Section applies only to dwelling units that are intended for use on a continuing or year-round basis as the principal residence of the occupant.
9.5.1.2. Method of Measurement (1) Unless otherwise indicated herein, the areas, dimensions and heights of rooms or spaces shall be measured between finished wall surfaces and between finished floor and ceiling surfaces.
9.5.1.3. Floor Areas (1) Minimum floor areas specified in this Section do not include closets or built-in bedroom cabinets unless otherwise indicated.
9.5.1.4. Combination Rooms (1) Two or more areas are considered as a combination room if the dividing wall occupies less than 60 per cent of the separating plane.
9.5.1.5. Lesser Areas and Dimensions (1) Areas of rooms and spaces are permitted to be less than required in this Section provided it can be shown that the rooms and spaces are adequate for their intended use, such as by the provision of built-in furniture to compensate for reduced sizes. 9.5.2.Barrier-Free Design
9.5.2.1. General (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Article 3.8.1.1., every building shall be designed in conformance with Section 3.8. (2) The requirements of Section 3.8 need not be provided for houses including semi-detached houses, duplexes, triplexes, town houses, row houses and boarding, or rooming houses with fewer than 8 boarders or roomers.
9.5.2.2. Protection on Floor Areas with a Barrier-Free Path of Travel (1) Where a barrier-free path of travel required in Article 9.5.2.1. is provided to any storey above the first storey, the requirements in Article 3.3.1.7. shall apply.
9.5.2.3. Reserved 9.5.3.Ceiling Heights
9.5.3.1. Heights of Rooms or Spaces (1) Heights of rooms or spaces in residential occupancies and live/work units shall conform to Table 9.5.3.1. Table 9.5.3.1. Room Heights Forming Part of Sentence 9.5.3.1.(1)  Room or Space

Minimum Heights


Living room or space, dining room or space, kitchen or kitchen space

2 300 mm over at least 75 per cent of the required floor area with a clear height of 2 100 mm at any point over the required area


Bedroom or bedroom space

2 300 mm over at least 50 per cent of the required area or 2 100 mm over all of the required floor area. Any part of the floor having a clear height of less than 1 400 mm shall not be considered in computing the required floor area


Basement space

2 100 mm over at least 75 per cent of the basement area except that under beams and ducts the clearance is permitted to be reduced to 1 950 mm


Bathroom, water-closet room or laundry area above grade

2 100 mm in any area where a person would normally be in a standing position


Passage, hall or main entrance vestibule and finished rooms not specifically mentioned above

2 100 mm


Column 1

2
9.5.3.2. Mezzanines (1) The clear height above and below a mezzanine floor assembly in all occupancies shall be not less than 2 100 mm.
9.5.3.3. Storage Garages (1) The clear height in a storage garage shall be not less than 2 000 mm. 9.5.4.Living Rooms or Spaces Within Dwelling Units
9.5.4.1. Areas of Living Rooms and Spaces (1) Living areas within dwelling units, either as separate rooms or in combination with other spaces, shall have an area not less than 13.5 m2. (2) Where the area of a living space is combined with a kitchen and dining area, the living area alone in a dwelling unit that contains sleeping accommodation for not more than 2 persons shall be not less than 11 m2. 9.5.5.Dining Rooms or Spaces Within Dwelling Units
9.5.5.1. Area of Dining Rooms or Spaces (1) A dining space in combination with other space shall have an area of not less than 3.25 m2. (2) Dining rooms not combined with other space shall have a minimum area of 7 m2. 9.5.6.Kitchens Within Dwelling Units
9.5.6.1. Kitchen Areas (1) Kitchen areas within dwelling units either separate from or in combination with other spaces, shall have an area of not less than 4.2 m2 including the area occupied by the base cabinets, except that in dwelling units containing sleeping accommodation for not more than 2 persons, the minimum area shall be 3.7 m2. 9.5.7.Bedrooms or Spaces in Dwelling Units and Dormitories
9.5.7.1. Areas of Bedrooms (1) Except as provided in Articles 9.5.7.2. and 9.5.7.3., bedrooms in dwelling units shall have an area not less than 7 m2 where built-in cabinets are not provided and not less than 6 m2 where built-in cabinets are provided.
9.5.7.2. Areas of Master Bedrooms (1) Except as provided in Article 9.5.7.3., not less than one bedroom in every dwelling unit shall have an area of not less than 9.8 m2 where built-in cabinets are not provided and not less than 8.8 m2 where built-in cabinets are provided.
9.5.7.3. Areas of Combination Bedrooms (1) Bedroom spaces in combination with other spaces in dwelling units shall have an area not less than 4.2 m2.
9.5.7.4. Areas of Other Sleeping Rooms (1) Sleeping rooms other than in dwelling units shall have an area not less than 7 m2 per person for single occupancy and 4.6 m2 per person for multiple occupancy.
9.5.7.5. Recreational Camps (1) Recreational camps shall have an area in the sleeping quarters of at least 3.72 m2 per camper or, if double or triple tier bunk units are used, 2.79 m2 per camper.
9.5.7.6. Camps for Housing Workers (1) A camp for housing of workers shall have a minimum area of 3.72 m2 per employee in every room used for sleeping purposes. 9.5.7A.Combined Spaces
9.5.7A.1. Combined Living, Dining, Bedroom and Kitchen Spaces (1) Despite Subsections 9.5.4, 9.5.5, 9.5.6 and 9.5.7, where living, dining, bedroom and kitchen spaces are combined in a dwelling unit that contains sleeping accommodation for not more than 2 persons, the area of the combined spaces shall be not less than 13.5 m2. 9.5.8.Bathrooms and Water-Closet Rooms
9.5.8.1. Space to Accommodate Fixtures (1) In every dwelling unit an enclosed space of sufficient size shall be provided to accommodate a water closet, lavatory and bathtub or shower stall. 9.5.9.Hallways
9.5.9.1. Width of Hallway Within Dwelling Unit (1) The unobstructed width of a hallway within a dwelling unit shall be at least 860 mm, except that the hallway width is permitted to be 710 mm where (a) there are only bedrooms and bathrooms at the end of the hallway furthest from the living area, and (b) a second exit is provided (i) in the hallway near the end furthest from the living area, or (ii) in each bedroom served by the hallway. Section 9.6.Doors 9.6.1.General
9.6.1.1. Application (1) This Section applies to doors, to glazed areas in doors and to sidelights for doors. 9.6.2.Required Doors
9.6.2.1. Doors for Dwelling Units (1) A door shall be provided at each entrance to a dwelling unit and to each room containing a water closet within a dwelling unit. 9.6.3.Doorway Sizes
9.6.3.1. Doorway Opening Sizes (1) Except as provided in Articles 9.6.3.3. and 9.9.6.4., doorway openings within dwelling units shall be designed to accommodate at least the door sizes in Table 9.6.3.1. for swing-type doors or folding doors. Table 9.6.3.1. Minimum Size of Door Forming Part of Sentence 9.6.3.1.(1)  At Entrance to:

Minimum Width, mm

Minimum Height, mm 


Dwelling unit (required entrance)

 

 


Vestibule or entrance hall

810

1 980


Stairs to a floor level that contains a finished space

 

 


All doors in not less than one line of passage from the exterior to the basement

 

 


Utility rooms

810

1 980


Walk-in closet

610

1 980


Bathroom, water-closet room, shower room(1)

610

1 980


Rooms located off hallways that are permitted to be 710 mm wide

610

1 980


Rooms not mentioned above, exterior balconies

760

1 980


Column 1

2

3 Note to Table 9.6.3.1.: (1) See Article 9.6.3.3.
9.6.3.2. Doors to Public Water-Closet Rooms (1) Doors to public water-closet rooms shall be not less than 810 mm wide and 2 030 mm high.
9.6.3.3. Doors to Bathrooms (1) Where a barrier-free path of travel conforming to Section 3.8. is provided into a suite of residential occupancy and where a bathroom within the suite is at the level of the suite entrance door, the doorway to such bathroom and to each bedroom at the same level as such bathroom shall have, when the door is in the open position, a clear width of not less than (a) 760 mm where the door is served by a corridor or space not less than 1 060 mm wide, and (b) 810 mm where the door is served by a corridor or space less than 1 060 mm wide. 9.6.4.Door Sill Height
9.6.4.1. Height of Door Sills Above Floors or Ground (1) Doors in buildings of residential occupancy shall conform to Sentence (2) where (a) the top surface of the sill of a door, including sliding doors, is located less than 200 mm above the finished floor on one side of the door, and (b) the finished floor referred to in Clause (a) is more than 600 mm above the floor, landing, stair tread or ground level on the other side of the door. (2) Doors described in Sentence (1) shall be (a) permanently adjusted to prevent an opening greater than (i) 200 mm where the height described in Clause (1)(b) is not more than 1 800 mm, and (ii) 100 mm where the height described in Clause (1)(b) is greater than 1 800 mm, or (b) be protected by a guard in accordance with Section 9.8. 9.6.5.Exterior Doors
9.6.5.1. Exterior Wood Doors (1) Exterior wood doors shall conform to CAN/CSA-O132.2-M, “Wood Flush Doors”. (2) Each door described in Sentence (1) shall indicate legibly (a) the name of the manufacturer, (b) the standard to which it is produced, and (c) that it is of an exterior type.
9.6.5.2. Sliding Doors (1) Sliding doors shall conform to CAN/CGSB 82.1-M, “Sliding Doors”.
9.6.5.3. Insulated Steel Doors (1) Insulated steel doors shall conform to CAN/CGSB-82.5-M, “Insulated Steel Doors”.
9.6.5.4. Air Infiltration for Exterior Swing Type Doors (1) Except where a door is weather-stripped on all edges, and protected with a storm door, or by an enclosed unheated space, an exterior swing type door assemblies shall have a rate of air infiltration not exceeding 11.6 10-4 m3/s for each metre of crack length when tested at a pressure differential of 75 Pa in conformance with ASTM E283, “Standard Method of Test for Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors”.
9.6.5.5. Air Infiltration for Patio Type Sliding Doors (1) A patio type sliding glass door shall have a rate of air infiltration not exceeding 38 10-4 m3/s for each square metre of door area when tested in conformance with ASTM E283.
9.6.5.6. Weather Stripping (1) In buildings of residential occupancy weather stripping shall be provided around all exterior doors except garage doors. 9.6.6.Glass
9.6.6.1. Maximum Area of Glass (1) The maximum area of individual panes of glass for doors shall conform to Table 9.6.6.1. Table 9.6.6.1. Maximum Glass Area for Doors Forming Part of Sentence 9.6.6.1.(1)  Glass    Thickness,    mm

Maximum Glass Area, m2


Type of Glass


Annealed

Annealed   Multiple-Glazed   Factory-Sealed Units

Laminated

Wired

Heat   Strengthened

Fully Tempered


3

0.50

0.70

(2)

(2)

1.00

1.00


4

1.00

1.50

(2)

(2)

1.50

4.00


5

1.50

1.50

(2)

(2)

1.50

No limit


6

1.50

1.50

1.20

1.00

1.50

No limit


Column 1

2

3

4

5

6

7 Note to Table 9.6.6.1. (2) Not generally available.
9.6.6.2. Glass in Doors and Sidelights (1) Glass in doors and sidelights for doors shall conform to Sentence 9.7.3.1.(1). (2) Glass in sidelights greater than 500 mm wide that could be mistaken for doors, glass in storm doors and glass in sliding doors within or at every entrance to a dwelling unit and in public areas shall be (a) safety glass of the tempered or laminated type conforming to CAN/CGSB-12.1-M, “Tempered or Laminated Safety Glass”, or (b) wired glass conforming to CAN/CGSB-12.11-M, “Wired Safety Glass”. (3) Except as provided in Article 9.7.5.2., glass in entrance doors to dwelling units and in public areas other than the entrance door described in Sentence (2), shall be safety glass or wired glass of the type described in Sentence (2) where the glass area exceeds 0.5 m2 and extends to less than 900 mm from the bottom of the door.
9.6.6.3. Mirrored Glass Doors (1) Mirrored glass doors are permitted to be used only at the entrance to clothes closets and shall conform to the requirements of CAN/CGSB-82.6-M, “Doors, Mirrored Glass, Sliding or Folding Wardrobe”. (2) Mirrored glass doors reinforced with a film backing shall meet the impact resistance requirements specified in CAN2-12.5-M, “Mirrors, Silvered”.
9.6.6.4. Visibility of Glass or Transparent Doors (1) Except as provided in Article 9.7.5.3., every glass or transparent door accessible to the public shall be equipped with hardware, bars or other permanent fixtures designed so that the existence and position of such door will be readily apparent.
9.6.6.5. Glass for Shower or Bathtub Enclosures (1) Glass other than safety glass shall not be used for a shower or bathtub enclosure. 9.6.7.Thermal Breaks
9.6.7.1. Application (1) This Subsection applies to doors and sidelights separating heated space from unheated space or the exterior.
9.6.7.2. Required Thermal Breaks (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), metal frames for doors, for glazing in doors, and for sidelights for doors shall incorporate a thermal break. (2) Thermal breaks need not be installed in accordance with Sentence (1) where the doors are (a) garage doors, (b) storm doors, or (c) doors that are required to have a fire-resistance rating. 9.6.8.Resistance to Forced Entry
9.6.8.1. Application (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), this Subsection applies to (a) swinging entrance doors to dwelling units, (b) swinging doors between dwelling units and attached garages or other ancillary spaces, and (c) swinging doors which provide access directly or indirectly from a storage garage to a dwelling unit. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to exterior doors to garages and to other ancillary spaces.
9.6.8.2. Wood Doors (1) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., wood doors as described in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) shall (a) be solid core or stile and rail type, (b) be not less than 45 mm thick, and (c) if of the stile and rail panel type, have a panel thickness of not less than 19 mm, with a total panel area not more than half of the door area.
9.6.8.3. Deadbolt Lock (1) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., doors described in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) shall be provided with a deadbolt lock with a cylinder having no fewer than 5 pins and a bolt throw not less than 25 mm, protected with a solid or hardened free-turning ring or bevelled cylinder housing.
9.6.8.4. Double Doors (1) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., an inactive leaf in double doors used in locations specified in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) shall be provided with heavy duty bolts top and bottom having an engagement of not less than 15 mm.
9.6.8.5. Fastening of Hinges (1) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., hinges for doors in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) shall be fastened to wood doors with wood screws not less than 25 mm long and to wood frames with wood screws such that at least two screws per hinge penetrate not less than 30 mm into solid wood. (2) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., hinges for doors in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) shall be fastened to metal doors and metal frames with machine screws not smaller than No. 8 and not less than 10 mm long.
9.6.8.6. Fastening of Strikeplates (1) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., strikeplates for deadbolts described in Article 9.6.8.3. shall be fastened to wood frames with wood screws that penetrate not less than 30 mm into solid wood. (2) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., strikeplates for deadbolts in Article 9.6.8.3. shall be fastened to metal frames with machine screws not smaller than No. 8 and not less than 10 mm long.
9.6.8.7. Outward Swinging Doors (1) Except for storm doors or screen doors, doors described in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) which swing outward shall be provided with hinges or pins so that the doors cannot be removed when they are in the closed position.
9.6.8.8. Door Viewer (1) Main entrance doors to dwelling units shall be provided with (a) a door viewer or transparent glazing in the door, or (b) a sidelight.
9.6.8.9. Solid Blocking (1) Solid blocking shall be provided on both sides at the lock height between the jambs for doors described in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) and the structural framing so that the jambs will resist spreading by force.
9.6.8.10. Alternate Test Procedure (1) Doors, frames and hardware which conform to a security level of at least Grade 10 as described in the Annex to ASTM F476, “Standard Test Methods for Security of Swinging Door Assemblies”, are not required to conform to Articles 9.6.8.2. to 9.6.8.6. Section 9.7.Windows and Skylights 9.7.1.General
9.7.1.1. Application (1) Windows shall conform to the requirements of this Section.
9.7.1.2. Minimum Window Areas (1) Except as required in Article 9.7.1.3. and Sentence (3), the minimum window glass area for rooms in buildings of residential occupancy or which are used for sleeping shall conform to Table 9.7.1.2. Table 9.7.1.2. Glass Areas for Rooms of Residential Occupancy Forming Part of Sentence 9.7.1.2.(1)  Location

Minimum Unobstructed Glass Area


With No Electric Lighting

With Electric Lighting


Laundry, basement recreation room, unfinished basement

4% of area served

Windows not required


Water-closet room

0.37 m2

Windows not required


Kitchen,   kitchen space,   kitchen alcove

10% of area served

Windows not required


Living rooms and dining rooms

10% of area served

10% of area served


Bedrooms and other finished rooms not mentioned above

5% of area served(1)

5% of area served(1)


Column 1

2

3 Note to Table 9.7.1.2.: (1) See Article 9.7.1.3. (2) The unobstructed glass area of a door or skylight is considered equivalent to that of a window. (3) Work areas in live/work units shall conform to Clause 3.7.2.1.(2)(a).
9.7.1.3. Bedroom Windows (1) Except where a door on the same floor level as the bedroom provides direct access to the exterior, every floor level containing a bedroom in a suite shall be provided with (a) at least 1 outside window that can be opened from the inside without the use of tools, and (b) each such window shall provide an individual, unobstructed open portion having a minimum area of 0.35 m2 with no dimension less than 380 mm. (2) Except for basement areas, the window described in Sentence (1) shall have a maximum sill height of 1 000 mm above the floor. (3) When sliding windows are used, the minimum dimension described in Sentence (1) shall apply to the openable portion of the window. (4) Where the sleeping area within a live/work unit is on a mezzanine with no obstructions more than 1 070 mm above the floor, the window required in Sentence (1) may be provided on the main level of the live/work unit provided the mezzanine is not more than 25% of the area of the live/work unit or 20 m2 whichever is less and an unobstructed direct path of travel is provided from the mezzanine to this window.
9.7.1.4. Window Opening into a Window-Well (1) Where a window required in Article 9.7.1.3. opens into a window-well, a clearance of not less than 550 mm shall be provided in front of the window. (2) Where the sash of a window referred to in Sentence (1) swings towards the window-well, the operation of the sash shall not reduce the clearance in a manner that would restrict escape in an emergency.
9.7.1.5. Termites (1) In localities where termites are known to occur and where windows or other openings at or below grade contain wood elements, the bottom of window wells or adjacent ground shall be at least 150 mm below the nearest wood unless the wood is pressure treated with a chemical toxic to termites in accordance with Article 9.3.2.9.
9.7.1.6. Height of Window Sills above Floors or Ground (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), openable windows in buildings of residential occupancy shall be protected by (a) a guard in accordance with Section 9.8., or (b) a mechanism capable of controlling the free swinging or sliding of the openable part of the window so as to limit any clear unobstructed opening to not more than 100 mm measured either vertically or horizontally where the other dimension is greater than 380 mm. (2) Windows need not be protected in accordance with Sentence (1) where (a) the window serves a dwelling unit that is not located above another suite, (b) the only opening greater than 100 mm by 380 mm is a horizontal opening at the top of the window, (c) the top surface of the window sill is located more than 480 mm above the finished floor on one side of the window, or (d) the window is located in a room or space with the finished floor described in Clause (c) located less than 1 800 mm above the floor or ground on the other side of the window.
9.7.1.7. Air Infiltration of Exterior Windows (1) Air infiltration of exterior windows shall not exceed .775 dm3/s for each metre of sash crack when tested at a pressure differential of 75 Pa in conformance with ASTM E283, “Standard Method of Test Rate of Air Leakage through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors”. 9.7.2.Window Standards
9.7.2.1. Window Standard (1) Windows shall conform with CAN/CSA-A440-M, “Windows”, but need not meet air tightness, water tightness and wind load resistance requirements more stringent than those for classifications A1, B1 and C1 in CAN/CSA-A440-M. 9.7.3.Glass
9.7.3.1. Glass Standards (1) Glass shall conform to (a) CAN/CGSB-12.1-M, “Tempered or Laminated Safety Glass”, (b) CAN/CGSB-12.2-M, “Flat, Clear Sheet Glass”, (c) CAN/CGSB-12.3-M, “Flat, Clear Float Glass”, (d) CAN/CGSB-12.4-M, “Heat-Absorbing Glass”, (e) CAN/CGSB-12.8-M, “Insulating Glass Units”, (f) CAN/CGSB-12.10, “Glass, Light and Heat/Reflecting”, or (g) CAN/CGSB-12.11-M, “Wired Safety Glass”.
9.7.3.2. Structural Design of Glass (1) Glass in windows, sloped glazing and skylights shall be designed in conformance with CAN/CGSB-12.20-M, “Structural Design of Glass for Buildings”. 9.7.4.Caulking and Glazing
9.7.4.1. Sealing Compound (1) The sealing compound used to seal the glass component of a factory-sealed double-glazed unit to the sash component shall be compatible with the material used to edge seal the glass component.
9.7.4.2. Caulking Compound (1) Caulking shall be provided between window frames or trim and the exterior siding or masonry in conformance with Subsection 9.27.4. 9.7.5.Protection of Windows in Public Areas
9.7.5.1. Transparent Panels (1) Except as provided in Article 9.7.5.2., transparent panels that could be mistaken as a means of egress shall be protected by barriers or railings.
9.7.5.2. Sliding Glass Partitions (1) Sliding glass partitions which separate a public corridor from an adjacent occupancy and which are open during working hours need not conform to Article 9.7.5.1. and Sentence 9.6.6.2.(3), except that such partitions shall be suitably marked to indicate their existence and position.
9.7.5.3. Windows in Exit Stairways (1) Windows in exit stairways that extend to less than 1 070 mm above the landing shall be (a) protected by guards, in accordance with Section 9.8, or (b) non-operable and designed to withstand the specified loads for balcony guards as provided in Part 4.
9.7.5.4. Windows above the Second Storey (1) Windows in public areas that extend to less than 1 000 mm from the floor and are located above the second storey in buildings of residential occupancy shall be (a) protected by guards in accordance with Section 9.8., or (b) non-openable and designed to withstand the lateral design loads for balcony guards in Part 4. 9.7.6.Resistance to Forced Entry
9.7.6.1. Forced Entry Through Windows (1) In dwelling units, windows, any part of which is located within 2 000 mm of adjacent ground level, shall conform to the requirements for resistance to forced entry as described in Clause 10.13 of CAN/CSA-A440-M, “Windows”. 9.7.7.Skylights
9.7.7.1. Plastic Skylights (1) Plastic skylights shall conform to CAN/CGSB- 63.14-M, “Plastic Skylights”.
9.7.7.2. Glass Skylights (1) Factory-built glass skylights shall meet the performance requirements of CAN/CGSB-63.14-M, “Plastic Skylights”. Section 9.8.Stairs, Ramps, Handrails and Guards 9.8.1.Scope
9.8.1.1. Application (1) This Section applies to the design and construction of interior and exterior stairs, steps, ramps, railings and guards.
9.8.1.2. Exit Stairs (1) Where the stair forms part of an exit, the appropriate requirements in Sections 9.9. and 9.10. shall also apply.
9.8.1.3. Escalators and Moving Walkways (1) Escalators and moving walkways shall conform to the appropriate requirements in Part 3. 9.8.2.General
9.8.2.1. Uniform Treads and Risers (1) Treads and risers shall have uniform rise and run in any one flight. (2) A stairway that is not an exit is permitted to contain both a curved and straight portions of stairs in a single flight provided each curved portion conforms to Article 9.8.5.2. and the riser height is uniform throughout the flight.
9.8.2.2. Minimum Number of Risers (1) Except for interior stairs within a dwelling unit, at least 3 risers shall be provided for interior stairs.
9.8.2.3. Interior Stairs Extending Through the Roof (1) Interior stairways extending through the roof of a building shall be protected from ice and snow. 9.8.3.Stair Dimensions
9.8.3.1. Rise, Run and Tread Depth of Stairs (1) Except as provided in Subsection 9.8.5., the rise, run and tread depth of stairs shall conform to Table 9.8.3.1. Table 9.8.3.1. Rise, Run and Tread Depth of Stairs Forming Part of Sentence 9.8.3.1.(1)  Stair Type

Rise, mm

Run, mm

Tread Depth, mm


max.

min.

max.

min.

max.

min.


Service and mezzanines in live/work units(1)

no limit

125

355

no limit

355

no limit


Private(2)

200

125

355

210

355

235


Public(3)

200

125

355

230

355

250


Column 1

2

3

4

5

6

7 Notes to Table 9.8.3.1.: (1) Service stairs serve areas used only as service rooms or service spaces and stairs that serve mezzanines not exceeding 20 m2 within live/work units. (2) Private stairs are interior stairs within dwelling units and exterior stairs serving a single dwelling unit. (3) Public stairs are all stairs not described as service stair or private stairs.
9.8.3.2. Nosings (1) Curved or bevelled leading edges of treads (a) shall not reduce the required tread depth by more than 15 mm, and (b) shall not, in any case, exceed 25 mm horizontally.
9.8.3.3. Stair Width (1) Exit stairs and stairs used by the public shall have a width, measured between wall faces or guards, of not less than 900 mm. (2) At least 1 stairway between each floor level in a dwelling unit shall have a width between wall faces of not less than 860 mm.
9.8.3.4. Headroom (1) The headroom measured vertically from a line drawn through the outer edges of the nosings shall be at least 1 950 mm for stairs located in dwelling units and 2 050 mm for all other stairs. 9.8.4.Landings
9.8.4.1. Dimensions of Landings (1) Landings shall be at least as wide and as long as the width of stairs in which they occur, except that (a) the length of landing for exterior stairs serving not more than 1 dwelling unit need not exceed 900 mm, and (b) the length of landing for all other stairs in a straight run need not exceed 1 100 mm.
9.8.4.2. Required Landings (1) Where a door swings towards a stair, the full arc of its swing shall be over a landing. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), a landing shall be provided at the top and bottom of each flight of interior stairs and where a doorway occurs in a stairway. (3) Where a door at the top of a stair in a dwelling unit swings away from the stair, no landing is required between the doorway and the stairs. (4) A landing shall be provided at the top of all exterior stairs, except that a landing is permitted to be omitted at a secondary entrance to a building containing a single dwelling unit provided the stair does not contain more than 3 risers.
9.8.4.3. Height between Landings (1) The vertical height between any landings shall not exceed 3.7 m.
9.8.4.4. Height over Landings (1) The clear height over landings shall be not less than 1 950 mm in dwelling units and 2 050 mm for other landings. 9.8.5.Curved Stairs and Winders
9.8.5.1. Curved Stairs in Exits (1) Curved stairs used in exits shall conform to the requirements of Article 3.4.6.8.
9.8.5.2. Curved Stairs not in Exits (1) Except as permitted in Article 9.8.5.3., a curved stair not required as an exit shall have an average run of not less than 200 mm and a minimum run of 150 mm and shall have risers conforming to Article 9.8.3.1.
9.8.5.3. Winders (1) Stairs within dwelling units are permitted to contain winders that converge to a centre point provided (a) the winders turn through an angle of not more than 90°, (b) individual treads turn through an angle of not less than 30° or not more than 45°, and (c) adjacent winders turn through the same angle. (2) Where more than one set of winders described in Sentence (1) is provided in a single stairway between adjacent floor levels, such winders shall be separated in plan by at least 1 200 mm. 9.8.6.Pedestrian Ramps
9.8.6.1. Ramps in a Barrier-Free Path of Travel (1) Ramps in a barrier-free path of travel shall conform to the requirements in Section 3.8.
9.8.6.2. Maximum Slope (1) Except as provided in Article 9.8.6.1., the slope of interior pedestrian ramps shall be not more than (a) 1 in 10 for residential occupancies, (b) 1 in 6 for mercantile or industrial occupancies, and (c) 1 in 8 for all other occupancies. (2) Except as provided in Article 9.8.6.1., the slope of every exterior ramp shall be not more than 1 in 10.
9.8.6.3. Level Areas on Ramps (1) Except as provided in Article 9.8.6.1., where a doorway or stairway opens onto the side of a ramp, there shall be a level area extending across the full width of the ramp and for a distance of not less than 300 mm on either side of the wall opening. (2) Except as provided in Article 9.8.6.1., where a doorway or stairway opens onto the end of a ramp, there shall be a level area extending across the full width of the ramp and along it for not less than 900 mm. 9.8.7.Handrails
9.8.7.1. Required Handrails (1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), a handrail shall be provided on (a) at least one side of stairs less than 1 100 mm in width, (b) two sides of stairs 1 100 mm in width or greater, and (c) two sides of a curved stair used as an exit. (2) Handrails are not required for stairs within dwelling units having not more than 2 risers, or for exterior stairs having not more than 3 risers and serving not more than one dwelling unit. (3) Only one handrail is required on exterior stairs having more than 3 risers provided such stairs serve not more than one dwelling unit.
9.8.7.2. Continuous Handrail (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), at least one handrail shall be continuous throughout the length of the stairway, including landings, except where interrupted by (a) doorways, or (b) newel posts at changes in direction. (2) For stairs serving only 1 dwelling unit, at least one handrail shall be continuous throughout the length of the stairway except where interrupted (a) by doorways, (b) by newel posts, (c) at landings, or (d) at changes in direction.
9.8.7.3. Termination of Handrails (1) Handrails shall be terminated in a manner that will not obstruct pedestrian travel or create a hazard. (2) Except for stairways serving only 1 dwelling unit, at least one handrail at the sides of a stairway or ramp shall extend horizontally not less than 300 mm beyond the top and bottom of the stairway or ramp.
9.8.7.4. Height of Handrails (1) Height of handrails on stairs and ramps shall be measured vertically from a line drawn (a) through the outside edges of the stair nosing, or (b) from the surface of the ramp, floor or landing below the handrail. (2) Except as provided in Sentences (3) and (4), the height of handrails on stairs and ramps shall be (a) not less than 800 mm, and (b) not more than 965 mm. (3) Where guards are required, handrails on landings are permitted to be not more than 1 070 mm in height. (4) Handrails not meeting the requirements of Sentences (2) and (3) are permitted provided they are installed in addition to the required handrails.
9.8.7.5 Ergonomic Design (1) A clearance of not less than 40 mm shall be provided between each handrail and the wall to which it is fastened. (2) Required handrails shall be constructed so as to be continually graspable along their entire length with no obstruction on or above them to break a handhold, except where the handrail is interrupted by newels at changes in direction.
9.8.7.6. Projections into Stairway (1) Handrails and constructions below handrails, including handrail supports and stair stringers shall not project more than 100 mm into the required width of a stairway.
9.8.7.7. Handrails for Ramps (1) Where ramps are used in lieu of stairs, the handrail requirements for stairs in Articles 9.8.7.1. to 9.8.7.8. shall apply where the gradient exceeds 1 in 10.
9.8.7.8. Attachment of Handrails (1) Handrails shall be attached to wood studs, wood blocking, steel studs or masonry at points spaced not more than 1 200 mm apart. (2) Attachment to wood studs and wood blocking required in Sentence (1) shall consist of not less than 2 wood screws at each point, penetrating not less than 32 mm into solid wood. 9.8.8.Guards
9.8.8.1. Required Guards (1) Except for the edges of floor pits in repair garages and loading docks, every surface to which access is provided for other than maintenance purposes, including but not limited to exterior landings, porches, decks, balconies, mezzanines, galleries, raised walkways and roofs, shall be protected by a guard on each side which is not protected by a wall and where there is a difference in elevation to adjacent surfaces of more than 600 mm. (2) Every exterior stair with more than 6 risers and every ramp shall be protected with guards on all open sides where the difference in elevation between the adjacent ground level and the stair or ramp exceeds 600 mm. (3) When an interior stair has more than 2 risers, the sides of the stair and the landing or floor level around the stair well shall be enclosed by walls, or be protected by guards, except that a stair to an unfinished basement in a dwelling unit is permitted to have 1 unprotected side.
9.8.8.2. Height of Guards (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4), all guards, including those for balconies, shall be at least 1 070 mm high. (2) Guards for porches, decks, landings and balconies are permitted to be a minimum of 900 mm high where (a) the walking surface of the porch, deck, landing or balcony served by the guard is not more than 1 800 mm above the finished ground level, and (b) the porch, deck, landing or balcony serves not more than one dwelling unit. (3) Except as provided in Sentence (4), guards for stairs shall be not less than 900 mm high measured vertically from a line drawn through the outside edges of the stair nosings, and 1 070 mm high at landings. (4) Guards for stairs within dwelling units and stairs serving not more than one dwelling unit shall be not less than 800 mm measured vertically above a line drawn through the outside edges of stair nosings, and not less than 900 mm above landings. (5) All required guards within dwelling units other than those described in Sentence (4) shall be not less than 900 mm high.
9.8.8.3. Guards for Floors and Ramps in Garages (1) Except for floors of garages referred to in Section 9.35., a continuous curb not less than 150 mm in height and a guard not less than 1 070 mm above the floor level shall be provided at every opening through a garage floor and around the perimeter of such floor and ramps where the exterior walls are omitted and where the top of the floor is 600 mm or more above an adjacent ground or floor level.