jswizzle3737/ontario_laws_and_regs huggingface dataset:
9.23.15.5. Edge Support (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), where panel-type roof sheathing requires edge support, the support shall consist of (a) metal H clips, or (b) not less than 38 mm by 38 mm blocking securely nailed between framing members. (2) The supports referred to in Sentence (1) are not required when tongued-and-grooved edged panel-type sheathing board is used.
9.23.15.6. Thickness or Rating (1) The thickness or rating of roof sheathing on a flat roof used as a walking deck shall conform to either Table 9.23.14.5.A. or Table 9.23.14.5.B. for subfloors. (2) The thickness or rating of roof sheathing on a roof not used as a walking deck shall conform to either Table 9.23.15.6.A. or Table 9.23.15.6.B. Table 9.23.15.6.A. Thickness of Roof Sheathing Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.15.6.(2)  Maximum Spacing of Supports, mm

Minimum Thickness, mm


Plywood and OSB, O-2 Grade

OSB, O-1 Grade and Waferboard, 

Lumber


 

R-1 Grade


Edges

Edges

Edges

Edges


Supported

Unsupported

Supported

Unsupported


300

7.5

7.5

9.5

9.5

17.0


400

7.5

9.5

9.5

11.1

17.0


600

9.5

12.5

11.1

12.7

19.0


Column 1

2

3

4

5

6 Table 9.23.15.6.B. Rating for Roof Sheathing When Applying CSA O325.0 Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.15.6.(2)  Maximum Spacing of Supports, mm

Panel Mark


Edges Supported

Edges Unsupported


400

2R16

1R16


500

2R20

1R20


600

2R24

1R24


Column 1

2

3 (3) Asphalt-coated or asphalt-impregnated fibreboard not less than 11.1 mm thick conforming to CSA A247-M, “Insulating Fibreboard” is permitted to be used as a roof sheathing over supports spaced not more than 400 mm o.c. provided the roofing consists of (a) a continuous sheet of galvanized steel not less than 0.33 mm in thickness, or (b) a continuous sheet of aluminum not less than 0.61 mm in thickness. (4) All edges of sheathing described in Sentence (3) shall be supported by blocking or framing. 9.23.16.Wall Sheathing
9.23.16.1. Required Sheathing (1) Exterior walls and gable ends shall be sheathed when the exterior cladding requires intermediate fastening between supports or if the exterior cladding requires solid backing.
9.23.16.2. Thickness, Rating and Material Standards (1) Where wall sheathing is required, it shall conform to Table 9.23.16.2.A. or Table 9.23.16.2.B. Table 9.23.16.2.A. Wall Sheathing Thickness and Specifications Forming Part of Article 9.23.16.2.(1)  Type of Sheathing

Minimum Thickness, mm

Material Standards


With Supports 400 mm o.c.

With Supports 600 mm o.c.


Fibreboard (insulating)

9.5

11.1

CAN/CSA-A247


 

 

 

CSA/CSA-A82.27-M


Gypsum sheathing

9.5

12.7

ASTM C 97


Lumber

17.0

17.0

See Table 9.3.2.1.


Mineral Fibre, Rigid Board, Type 2

25

25

CSA A101-M


OSB. O-2 Grade

6.0

7.5

CSA O437


OSB, O-1 Grade, and waferboard, R-1 Grade

6.35

7.9

CSA O437


Phenolic, faced

25

25

CAN/CGSB-51.25-M


Plywood (exterior type)

6.0

7.5

CSA O121-M


 

 

 

CSA O151-M


 

 

 

CSA O153-M


Polystyrene expanded Types 1 and 2

38

38

CAN/CGSB-51.20-M


Polystyrene expanded Types 3 and 4

25

25

CAN/CGSB-51.20-M


Urethane and Isocycanurate Types 1, 2 and 4

38

38

CGSB 51-GP-21M


Urethane and Isocycanurate, Type 3

25

25

CGSB 51-GP-21M


Urethane and Isocycanurate Types 1 and 2 faced

25

25

CAN/CGSB-51.26-M


Column 1

2

3

4 Note to Table 9.23.16.2.A.: (1) See also Sentences 9.27.5.1.(2) to (4). Table 9.23.16.2.B. Rating For Wall Sheathing When Applying CSA O325.0 Forming Part of Article 9.23.16.2.  Maximum Spacing of Supports, mm

Panel Mark


400

W16


500

W20


600

W24


Column 1

2
9.23.16.3. Attachment of Cladding to Sheathing (1) Gypsum sheathing, rigid insulation and fibreboard shall not be used for the attachment of siding materials. (2) Nails used in attaching the materials listed in Sentence (1) shall be not less than 3.2 mm diam with a minimum head diameter of 11 mm.
9.23.16.4. Lumber Sheathing (1) Lumber wall sheathing shall be applied so that all ends are supported. (2) Where lumber wall sheathing is required to provide bracing according to Article 9.23.10.2., it shall be applied with end joints staggered.
9.23.16.5. Joints in Panel-Type Sheathing (1) A gap of not less than 2 mm shall be left between sheets of plywood, OSB, waferboard or fibreboard.
9.23.16.6. Mansard Style Roofs (1) Where the bottom portions of mansard style roofs are vented, the vertical framing members behind the sloping portions shall be considered on the same basis as exterior wall studs and shall conform to the appropriate requirements in Subsection 9.23.17. 9.23.17.Wall Sheathing Membrane
9.23.17.1. Material Standard (1) Sheathing paper shall conform to the performance requirements of CAN2-51.32-M, “Sheathing, Membrane, Breather Type”.
9.23.17.2. Sheathing Paper Beneath Stucco (1) Tar-saturated felts or papers shall not be used as a sheathing paper beneath stucco.
9.23.17.3. Sheathing Membrane and Installation (1) Except as provided in Articles 9.23.17.4., 9.23.17.5. and 9.23.17.6., at least one layer of sheathing membrane shall be applied beneath siding, stucco or masonry veneer. (2) Sheathing membrane required in Sentence (1) shall be applied so that joints are lapped not less than 100 mm. (3) Where sheathing membrane required in Sentence (1) is applied horizontally, the upper sheets shall overlap the lower sheets.
9.23.17.4. Insulating Sheathing in Lieu of Sheathing Membrane (1) Where non-wood based rigid exterior insulating sheathing, or exterior insulating sheathing with an integral sheathing membrane is installed, a separate sheathing membrane is not required. (2) Where insulating sheathing is installed as provided in Sentence (1) (a) sheathing panels subject to moisture deterioration shall be sealed at all joints, and (b) the joints of sheathing panels not subject to moisture deterioration shall be (i) sealed at all joints, or (ii) lapped or tongue and groove, and detailed to ensure drainage of water to the exterior.
9.23.17.5. Sheathing Membranes in Lieu of Sheathing (1) Except as provided in Article 9.23.17.6., where no sheathing is used, at least 2 layers of sheathing membrane shall be applied beneath the cladding. (2) All joints in the sheathing membrane required in Sentence (1) shall occur over framing, and the membrane shall be fastened to the framing with roofing nails or staples spaced not more than 150 mm along the edges of the outer layer of sheathing paper. (3) Wall sheathing is permitted to be used in lieu of 1 layer of sheathing membrane required in Sentence (1), and the thickness need not conform to Table 9.23.16.2.A.
9.23.17.6. Face Sealed Cladding (1) Sheathing membrane is permitted to be omitted beneath cladding when the joints in the cladding are formed to effectively prevent the passage of wind and rain in conformance with Sentence (2) or (4) as applicable. (2) Cladding consisting of sheets of plywood, hardboard, OSB, waferboard or asbestos cement is considered to meet the requirements of Sentence (1) provided the cladding is applied so that (a) all edges are directly supported by framing, and (b) the vertical joints between adjacent sheets are (i) covered with battens, (ii) shiplapped, or (iii) otherwise matched to provide weathertight joints. (3) Joints between sheets described in Sentence (2) shall be caulked. (4) Metal siding consisting of sheets of metal is considered to meet the requirements of Sentence (1) where the joints between sheets are of the locked seam type. Section 9.24.Sheet Steel Stud Wall Framing 9.24.1.General
9.24.1.1. Application (1) This Section applies to sheet steel studs for use in non-loadbearing exterior and interior walls. (2) Where loadbearing steel studs are used, they shall be designed in conformance with Part 4.
9.24.1.2. Material Standards (1) Steel studs and runners shall conform to CAN/CGSB-7.1-M, “Cold Formed Steel Framing Components”.
9.24.1.3. Metal Thickness (1) Metal thickness specified in this Section shall be the minimum base steel thickness exclusive of coatings.
9.24.1.4. Screws (1) Screws for the application of cladding, sheathing or interior finish materials to steel studs, runners and furring channels shall conform to ASTM C1002, “Steel Drill Screws for the Application of Gypsum Board or Metal Plaster Bases”.
9.24.1.5. Cladding, Sheathing and Interior Finish Required (1) Cladding or sheathing, and interior finish shall be installed on steel stud framing and shall be fastened with screws (a) spaced at the appropriate spacing described in Section 9.29., and (b) penetrating not less than 10 mm through the metal. 9.24.2.Size of Framing
9.24.2.1. Size and Spacing of Studs in Interior Walls (1) Except as required in Articles 9.24.2.3. and 9.24.2.4., the size and spacing of steel studs for non-loadbearing interior walls shall conform to Table 9.24.2.1. Table 9.24.2.1. Steel Studs for Non-Loadbearing Interior Walls Forming Part of Sentence 9.24.2.1.(1)  Minimum Stud    Size, mm

Maximum Stud Spacing, mm

Maximum Wall Height, m


30 x 40

400

3.0


 

600

2.7


30 x 63

400

4.0


 

600

3.6


30 x 91

400

5.2


 

600

4.9


Column 1

2

3
9.24.2.2. Thickness of Studs (1) Except as required in Article 9.24.2.4., steel studs in non-loadbearing interior walls shall have a metal thickness of not less than 0.46 mm.
9.24.2.3. Runners (1) Runners for interior and exterior non-loadbearing walls shall have a thickness of not less than the thickness of the corresponding studs and shall have not less than 30 mm flanges.
9.24.2.4. Openings in Fire Separations (1) Where openings for doors in non-loadbearing fire separations required to have a fire-resistance rating do not exceed 1 200 mm in width (a) the width of steel studs shall be not less than 63 mm, and (b) the steel thickness shall be not less than 0.46 mm. (2) Where openings described in Sentence (1) exceed 1 200 mm in width (a) the width of steel studs shall be not less than 91 mm, and (b) the metal thickness shall be not less than 0.85 mm. (3) The distance to the first stud beyond the jamb of any door opening in a fire separation required to have a fire-resistance rating shall not exceed 400 mm. (4) Where the distance between the framing over the opening referred to in Sentence (1) and the top runner exceeds 400 mm in such walls, intermediate support shall be installed at intervals of not more than 400 mm above the opening.
9.24.2.5. Size and Spacing of Studs in Exterior Walls (1) The size and spacing of non-loadbearing steel studs for exterior walls shall conform to Table 9.24.2.5. Table 9.24.2.5. Size and Spacing of Steel Studs for Non-Loadbearing Exterior Walls Forming Part of Sentence 9.24.2.5.(1)  Minimum Stud Size, mm

Minimum Metal Thickness, mm

Maximum Stud Length, m


Spacing of Studs


300 mm (o.c.)

400 mm (o.c.)

600 mm (o.c.)


30 x 91

0.53

3.0

2.4

—


30 x 91

0.69

3.3

2.7

2.4


30 x 91

0.85

3.6

3.0

2.7


30 x 91

1.0

4.0

3.3

3.0


Column 1

2

3

4

5
9.24.3. Installation
9.24.3.1. Installation of Runners (1) Runners shall be provided at the tops and bottoms of walls. (2) Runners required in Sentence (1) shall be securely attached to the building at approximately 50 mm from the ends, and at intervals of not more than 600 mm o.c. for interior walls and 300 mm o.c. for exterior walls. (3) Fasteners used for attachment described in Sentence (2) shall consist of the equivalent of 63 mm nails or 25 mm screws. (4) Studs at openings and which are not full wall height shall be supported by a runner at the ends of the studs, securely fastened to the full length studs at the sides of the opening.
9.24.3.2. Fire-Rated Walls (1) Steel studs used in walls required to have a fire-resistance rating shall be installed so that there is not less than a 12 mm clearance between the top of the stud and the top of the runner to allow for expansion in the event of fire. (2) Except as provided in Article 9.24.3.6., studs in walls referred to in Sentence (1) shall not be attached to the runners in a manner that will prevent such expansion. (3) Framing above doors with steel door frames in non-loadbearing fire separations required to have a fire-resistance rating shall consist of 2 runners on the flat fastened back to back. (4) The lower runner required in Sentence (3) shall be cut through the flanges and be bent at each end to extend upwards at least 150 mm and fastened to the adjacent studs.
9.24.3.3. Orientation of Studs (1) Steel studs shall be installed with webs at right angles to the wall face and, except at openings, shall be continuous for the full wall height.
9.24.3.4. Support for Cladding Materials (1) Corners and intersections of walls shall be constructed to provide support for the cladding materials.
9.24.3.5. Framing around Openings (1) Studs shall be doubled on each side of every opening where such openings involve more than 1 stud space, and shall be tripled where the openings in exterior walls exceed 2.4 m in width. (2) Studs described in Sentence (1) shall be fastened together by screws, crimping or welding to act as a single structural unit in resisting transverse loads.
9.24.3.6. Attachment of Studs to Runners (1) Studs shall be attached to runners by screws, crimping or welding around wall openings, and elsewhere where necessary to keep the studs in alignment during construction. (2) Where clearance for expansion is required in Article 9.24.3.2., attachment required in Sentence (1) shall be applied between studs and bottom runners only.
9.24.3.7. Openings for Fire Dampers (1) Openings for fire dampers in non-loadbearing fire separations required to have a fire-resistance rating shall be framed with double studs on each side of the opening. (2) The sill and header for openings described in Sentence (1) shall consist of a runner track with right angle bends made on each end so as to extend 300 mm above the header or below the sill and fastened to the studs. (3) The openings described in Sentence (1) shall be lined with a layer of gypsum board at least 12.7 mm thick fastened to stud and runner webs. Section 9.25.Heat Transfer, Air Leakage and Condensation Control 9.25.1.Scope
9.25.1.1. Application (1) This Section applies to the application of thermal insulation and measures to control condensation, heat transfer and air leakage for buildings of residential occupancy intended for use on a continuing basis during the winter months. (2) Insulation and sealing of heating and ventilating ducts shall conform to Sections 9.32. and 9.33.
9.25.1.2. General (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), any sheet or panel type material with an air leakage characteristic less than 0.1 l/(s•m2) at 75 Pa and water vapour permeance less than 60 ng/(Pa•s•m2) and incorporated in a building assembly required by Article 9.25.2.1. to be insulated shall be installed (a) on the warm face of the assembly, (b) at a location where the ratio between the total thermal resistance of all materials outboard of its innermost impermeable surface and the total thermal resistance of all materials inboard of that surface is not less than required in Table 9.25.1.2., or (c) outboard of an air space that is vented to the outdoors and, for walls, drained. Table 9.25.1.2. Ratio of Outboard to Inboard Thermal Resistance Forming Part of Sentence 9.25.1.2.(1)  Heating Degree Days of Building Location(1), Celsius degree-days

Minimum Ratio, Total Thermal Resistance Outboard of material’s Inner Surface to Total Thermal Resistance Inboard of Material’s Inner Surface


up to 4999

0.20


5000 to 5999

0.30


6000 to 6999

0.35


7000 to 7999

0.40


8000 to 8999

0.50


9000 to 9999

0.55


10000 to 10999

0.60


11000 to 11999

0.65


12000 or higher

0.75


Column 1

2 Note to Table 9.25.1.2.: (1)See Sentence 2.5.1.1.(1). (2) Sheathing materials installed so that, in each framing space, at least one of the gaps required by Article 9.23.15.3. and Sentence 9.23.16.5.(1) does not occur over framing need not comply with Sentence (1).
9.25.1.3. Thermal Design (1) The requirements for thermal insulation in this Section need not be met where thermal design is provided in accordance with Section 9.38. 9.25.2.Thermal Insulation
9.25.2.2. Reserved
9.25.2.3. Insulation Materials (1) Except as required in Sentence (2), thermal insulation shall conform to the requirements of (a) CAN/CGSB-51.20-M, “Thermal Insulation, Polystyrene, Boards and Pipe Covering”, (b) CGSB 51-GP-21M, “Thermal Insulation, Urethane and Isocyanurate, Unfaced”, (c) CAN/CGSB-51.23,“Spray Applied Rigid Polyurethane Cellular Plastic Thermal insulation”, (d) CAN/CGSB-51.25-M, “Thermal Insulation, Phenolic, Faced”, (e) CAN/CGSB-51.26-M, “Thermal Insulation, Urethane and Isocyanurate, Board, Faced”, (f) CAN/CGSB-51-GP-27M, “Thermal Insulation, Polystyrene, Loose Fill”, (g) CGSB 51-GP-60M, “Thermal Insulation, Cellulose Fibre, Loose Fill”, (h) CSA A101, “Thermal Insulation, Mineral Fibre, for Buildings”, or (i) CAN/CSA-A247-M, “Insulating Fibreboard”. (2) The flame-spread ratings requirements contained in the standards listed in Sentence (1) shall not apply. (3) Insulation in contact with the ground shall be inert to the action of soil and water and be such that its insulative properties are not significantly reduced by moisture. (4) Type 1 expanded polystyrene insulation as described in CAN/CGSB-51.20-M, “Thermal Insulation, Polystyrene, Boards and Pipe Covering” shall not be used in contact with the ground or as roof insulation applied above the roofing membrane.
9.25.2.4. Installation of Thermal Insulation (1) Insulation shall be installed so that there is a reasonably uniform insulating value over the entire face of the insulated area. (2) Insulation shall be applied to the full width and length of the space between furring or framing. (3) Except where the insulation provides the principal resistance to air leakage, thermal insulation shall be installed so that at least 1 face is in full and continuous contact with an element with low air permeance. (4) Insulation on the interior of foundation walls enclosing a crawl space shall be applied so that there is not less than a 50 mm clearance above the crawl space floor if the insulation is of a type that may be damaged by water. (5) Insulation around concrete slabs-on-ground shall be located so that heat from the building is not restricted from reaching the ground beneath the perimeter, where exterior walls are not supported by footings extending below frost level. (6) Where insulation is exposed to the weather and subject to mechanical damage, it shall be protected with not less than (a) 6 mm asbestos-cement board, (b) 6 mm preservative-treated plywood, or (c) 12 mm cement parging on wire lath applied to the exposed face and edge. (7) Except as permitted in Sentence (9) insulation and vapour barrier shall be protected from mechanical damage by a covering of gypsum board, plywood, particleboard, waferboard or hardboard. (8) In unfinished basements, the protection required in Sentence (7) need not be provided for mineral fibre insulation provided it is covered with polyethylene vapour barrier of at least 0.15 mm in thickness. (9) Insulation in factory-built buildings shall be installed so that it will not become dislodged during transportation. (10) Insulation applied to the interior of foundation walls enclosing heated space shall extend from the underside of the subfloor to not less than 600 mm below the adjacent exterior ground level. (11) The insulation required by Sentence (10) may be provided by a system installed (a) on the interior of the foundation wall, (b) on the exterior face of the foundation wall, or (c) partially on the interior and partially on the exterior, provided the thermal performance of the system is equivalent to that permitted in Clauses (a) or (b). (13) If a foundation wall is constructed of hollow masonry units, one or more of the following shall be used to control convection currents in the core spaces (a) filling the core spaces, (b) at least one row of semi-solid blocks at or below grade, or (c) other similar methods. (14) Masonry walls of hollow units which penetrate the ceiling shall be sealed at or near the ceiling adjacent to the roof space to prevent air within the voids from entering the attic or roof space by (a) capping with masonry units without voids, or (b) installation of flashing material extending across the full width of the masonry.
9.25.2.5. Installation of Loose-Fill Insulation (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (6), loose-fill insulation shall be used on horizontal surfaces only. (2) Loose-fill insulation is permitted to be installed in attic spaces over ceilings sloped not more than 2.5 in 12. (3) Loose-fill insulation may be used in wood-frame walls of existing buildings. (4) Water repellent loose-fill insulation may be used between the outer and inner wythes of masonry cavity walls. (5) Where soffit venting is used, measures shall be taken (a) to prevent loose-fill insulation from blocking the soffit vents and to maintain an open path for circulation of air from the vents into the attic or roof space, and (b) to minimize air flow into the loose-fill insulation near the soffit vents to maintain the thermal performance of the material.
9.25.2.6. Installation of Spray-applied Polyurethane (1) Spray-applied polyurethane insulation shall be installed in accordance with CAN/CGSB-51.39, “Sprayed Application of Rigid Polyurethane Cellular Plastic Thermal Insulation for Building Construction”. 9.25.3.Air Barrier Systems
9.25.3.1. Required Barrier to Air Leakage (1) Thermally insulated wall, ceiling and floor assemblies shall be constructed so as to include an air barrier system which will provide a continuous barrier to air leakage (a) from the interior of the building into wall, floor, attic or roof spaces sufficient to prevent excessive moisture condensation in such spaces during the winter, and (b) from the exterior inward sufficient to prevent moisture condensation on the room side during winter.
9.25.3.2. Air Barrier System Properties (1) Sheet and panel type materials intended to provide the principal resistance to air leakage shall have an air leakage characteristic not greater than 0.02 L/(s•m2) measured at an air pressure differential of 75 Pa. (2) Where polyethylene sheet used to provide the air-tightness in the air barrier system shall conform to CAN/CGSB-51.34-M, “Vapour Barrier, Polyethylene Sheet for Use in Building Construction”.
9.25.3.3. Continuity of the Air Barrier System (1) Where the air barrier system consists of an air-impermeable panel-type material, all joints shall be sealed to prevent air leakage. (2) Where the air barrier system consists of flexible sheet material, all joints shall be (a) sealed, or (b) lapped not less than 100 mm and clamped, such as between framing members, furring or blocking and rigid panels. (3) Where an interior wall meets an exterior wall, ceiling, floor or roof required to be provided with an air barrier protection, the air barrier system shall extend across the intersection. (4) Where an interior wall projects through a ceiling or extends to become an exterior wall, spaces in the wall shall be blocked to provide continuity across those spaces with the air barrier system in the abutting walls or ceiling. (5) Where an interior floor projects through an exterior wall or extends to become an exterior floor, continuity of the air barrier system shall be maintained from the abutting walls across the floor assembly. (6) Penetrations of the air barrier system, such as those created by the installation of doors, windows, electrical wiring, electrical boxes, piping or ductwork, shall be sealed to maintain the integrity of the air barrier system over the entire surface. (7) Access hatches installed through assemblies constructed with an air barrier system shall be weatherstripped around their perimeters to prevent air leakage. (8) Clearances between chimneys or gas vents and the surrounding construction which would permit air leakage from within the building into a wall or attic or roof space shall be sealed by noncombustible material to prevent such leakage. 9.25.4.Vapour Barriers
9.25.4.1. Required Barrier to Vapour Diffusion  (1) Thermally insulated wall, ceiling and floor assemblies shall be constructed with a vapour barrier sufficient to prevent condensation in the wall spaces, floor spaces or attic or roof spaces.
9.25.4.2. Vapour Barrier Materials (1) Except as required in Sentence (2), vapour barriers shall have an initial permeance not greater than 45 ng/(Pa•s•m2). (2) When used where a high resistance to vapour movement is required, such as in wall constructions that incorporate exterior cladding or sheathing having a low water vapour permeance, vapour barriers shall have a permeance not greater than 15 ng/(Pa•s•m2). (3) Where polyethylene is installed as the vapour barrier required in Sentence (2), it shall conform to CAN/CGSB-51.34-M, “Vapour Barrier, Polyethylene Sheet for Use in Building Construction”. (4) Membrane-type vapour barriers other than polyethylene shall conform to CAN/CSA-51.33-M, “Vapour Barrier, Sheet, Excluding Polyethylene, for Use in Building Construction”. (5) Where a coating is applied to gypsum board to function as the vapour barrier, the permeance of the coating shall be determined in accordance with CAN/CGSB-1.501-M, “Method for Permeance of Coated Wallboard”.
9.25.4.3. Installation of Vapour Barriers (1) Vapour barriers shall be installed to protect the entire surfaces of thermally insulated wall, ceiling and floor assemblies. (2) Vapour barriers shall be installed sufficiently close to the warm side of insulation to prevent condensation at design conditions. Section 9.26.Roofing 9.26.1.General
9.26.1.1. Purpose of Roofing (1) Roofs shall be protected with roofing, including flashing, installed to shed rain effectively and prevent water due to ice damming from entering the roof.
9.26.1.2. Alternate Installation Methods (1) Methods described in CAN3-A123.51, “Asphalt Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:3 and Steeper”, or CAN3-A123.52, “Asphalt Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:6 to Less than 1:3” are permitted to be used for asphalt shingle applications not described in this Section.
9.26.1.3. Solar Collector Systems (1) A solar collector system is permitted to be installed above roofing materials conforming to Sentence 9.26.2.1.(1). 9.26.2.Roofing Materials
9.26.2.1. Material Standards (1) Roofing materials shall conform to (a) CAN/CGSB-37.4-M, “Fibrated, Cutback Asphalt, Lap Cement for Asphalt Roofing”, (b) CAN/CGSB-37.5-M, “Cutback Asphalt Plastic, Cement”, (c) CSA/CGSB 37.8M, “Asphalt, Cutback, Filled, for Roof Coating”, (d) CGSB 37-GP-9Ma, “Primer, Asphalt for Asphalt Roofing, Dampproofing and Waterproofing”, (e) CGSB 37-GP-21M, “Tar, Cutback, Fibrated, for Roof Coating”, (f) CAN/CGSB 37.50-M, “Asphalt, Rubberized, Hot Applied for Roofing and Waterproofing”, (g) CGSB 37-GP-52M, “Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane, Sheet Applied, Elastomeric”, (h) CGSB 37-GP-54M, “Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane, Sheet Applied, Flexible, Polyvinyl Chloride”, (i) CGSB 37-GP-56M, “Membrane, Modified, Bituminous, Prefabricated, and Reinforced for Roofing”, (j) CGSB 41-GP-6M, “Sheets, Thermosetting Polyester Plastics, Glass Fiber Reinforced”, (k) CAN2-51.32-M, “Sheathing, Membrane, Breather Type”, (l) CSA A123.1-M, “Asphalt Shingles Surfaced with Mineral Granules”, (m) CSA A123.2-M, “Asphalt Coated Roofing Sheets”, (n) CSA A123.3-M, “Asphalt or Tar Saturated Roofing Felt”, (o) CSA A123.4-M, “Bitumen for Use in Construction of Built-Up Roof Coverings and Dampproofing and Waterproofing Systems”, (p) CAN/CSA A123.5-M, “Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Saturated with Mineral Granules”, (q) CAN/CSA A123.17, “Asphalt-Saturated Felted Glass-Fibre Mat for Use in Construction of Built-Up Roofs”, (r) CAN/CSA-A220.0, “Performance of Concrete Roof Tiles”, (s) CSA O118.1-M, “Western Red Cedar Shingles and Shakes”, or (t) CSA O118.2-M, “Eastern White Cedar Shingles”.
9.26.2.2. Nails (1) Nails used for roofing shall be corrosion-resistant roofing or shingle nails conforming to CSA B111, “Wire Nails, Spikes and Staples”. (2) Nails shall have sufficient length to penetrate through or 12 mm into roof sheathing. (3) Nails used with asphalt roofing shall have a head diameter of not less than 9.5 mm and a shank thickness of not less than 2.95 mm. (4) Nails used with wood shingles or shakes shall have a head diameter of not less than 4.8 mm and a shank thickness of not less than 2.0 mm and shall be stainless steel, aluminum or hot-dipped galvanized.
9.26.2.3. Staples (1) Staples used to apply asphalt or wood shingles shall be corrosion-resistant and shall be driven with the crown parallel to the eaves. (2) Staples used with asphalt shingles shall be not less than 19 mm long, 1.6 mm diam or thickness, with not less than a 25 mm crown, except that an 11 mm crown may be used as provided in Sentence 9.26.7.4.(2). (3) Staples used with wood shingles shall be not less than 29 mm long, 1.6 mm diam or thickness, with not less than a 9.5 mm crown and shall be stainless steel or aluminum. 9.26.3.Roof Slope
9.26.3.1. Slope (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the roof slopes on which roof coverings may be applied shall conform to Table 9.26.3.1. Table 9.26.3.1. Roofing Types and Slope Limits Forming Part of Sentence 9.26.3.1.(1)  Type of Roofing

Minimum Slope

Maximum Slope


Built-up Roofing

 

 


Asphalt base (gravelled)

1 in 50(1)

1 in 4


Asphalt base (without gravel)

1 in 25

1 in 2


Coal-tar base (gravelled)

1 in 50(1)

1 in 25


Cold process

1 in 25

1 in 1.33


Asphalt Shingles

 

 


Normal application

1 in 3

no limit


Low slope application

1 in 6

no limit


Roll Roofing

 

 


Smooth and mineral surfaced

1 in 4

no limit


480 mm wide selvage asphalt roofing

1 in 6

no limit


Cold application felt

1 in 50

1 in 1.33


Wood Shingles

1 in 4

no limit


Handsplit Shakes

1 in 3

no limit


Asbestos-Cement Corrugated sheets

1 in 4

no limit


Corrugated Metal roofing

1 in 4

no limit


Sheet Metal shingles

1 in 4

no limit


Slate shingles

1 in 2

no limit


Clay Tile

1 in 2

no limit


Glass Fibre Reinforced polyester 

 

 


Roofing Panels

1 in 4

no limit


Column 1

2

3 Note to Table 9.26.3.1.: (1) See Sentences 9.26.3.1.(2) and (3). (2) Asphalt and gravel or coal tar and gravel roofs may be constructed with lower slopes than required in Sentence (1) when effective drainage is provided by roof drains located at the lowest points on the roofs. (3) Sheet metal roof cladding systems specifically designed for low-slope applications are permitted to be installed with lower slopes than required in Sentence (1). 9.26.4.Flashing at Intersections
9.26.4.1. Materials (1) Sheet metal flashing shall consist of not less than (a) 1.73 mm thick sheet lead, (b) 0.33 mm thick galvanized steel, (c) 0.46 mm thick copper, (d) 0.46 mm thick zinc, or (e) 0.48 mm thick aluminum.
9.26.4.2. Valley Flashing (1) Where sloping surfaces of shingled roofs intersect to form a valley, the valley shall be flashed. (2) Closed valleys shall not be used with rigid shingles on slopes of less than 1 in 1.2. (3) Closed valley flashing shall consist of sheet metal, self sealing composite membranes consisting of polyethylene and bituminous material or one layer of either Type S smooth surface roll roofing or Type M mineral surface roll roofing (mineral surface down) not less than 600 mm wide, and nails shall not penetrate the flashing within 75 mm of its edge or 124 mm of the bottom of the valley centreline. (4) Open valleys shall be flashed with not less than (a) one layer of sheet metal not less than 600 mm wide, or (b) 2 layers of roll roofing. (5) The bottom layer of roofing required in Sentence (4) shall consist of not less than Type S smooth roll roofing or Type M mineral surface roll roofing (mineral surface down) not less than 457 mm wide, centred in the valley and fastened with nails spaced not more than 450 mm o.c. located 25 mm away from the edges. (6) The top layer of roofing required in Sentence (4) shall consist of not less than Type M mineral surface roll roofing (mineral surface up), 914 mm wide, centred in the valley, applied over a 100 mm wide strip of cement along each edge of the bottom layer, and fastened with a sufficient number of nails to hold it in place until the shingles are applied.
9.26.4.3. Intersection of Shingle Roofs and Masonry (1) The intersection of shingle roofs and masonry walls or chimneys shall be protected with flashing. (2) Counter flashing required in Sentence (1) shall be embedded not less than 25 mm in the masonry and shall extend not less than 150 mm down the masonry and lap the lower flashing not less than 100 mm. (3) Flashing along the slopes of a roof described in Sentence (1) shall be stepped so that there is not less than a 75 mm head lap in both the lower flashing and counter flashing. (4) Where the roof described in Sentence (1) slopes upwards from the masonry, the flashing shall extend up the roof slope to a point equal in height to the flashing on the masonry, but not less than 1.5 times the shingle exposure.
9.26.4.4. Intersection of Shingle Roofs and Walls Other Than Masonry (1) The intersection of shingle roofs and walls clad with other than masonry shall be protected with flashing. (2) Flashing required in Sentence (1) shall be installed so that it extends up the wall not less than 75 mm behind the sheathing paper, and extends not less than 75 mm horizontally. (3) Along the slope of the roof, the flashing required in Sentence (1) shall be stepped with not less than a 75 mm head lap.
9.26.4.5. Intersection of Built-Up Roofs and Masonry (1) The intersection of built-up roofs with masonry walls or chimneys shall have a cant strip at the intersection and a roofing membrane shall be mopped over the cant strip and not less than 150 mm up the wall. (2) Counter flashing installed over the intersection referred to in Sentence (1) shall be embedded not less than 25 mm in the masonry, and shall be of sufficient length to extend down not less than 150 mm, lapping the membrane on the masonry not less than 100 mm.
9.26.4.6. Intersection of Built-Up Roofs and Walls other than Masonry (1) The intersection of built-up roofs with walls clad with other than masonry shall have a cant strip at the intersection. (2) The roofing membrane shall be mopped over the cant strip referred to in Sentence (1). (3) Flashing plies shall extend not less than 150 mm up the wall referred to in Sentence (1) behind the sheathing paper.
9.26.4.7. Chimney Saddles (1) Except as otherwise permitted in Sentence (5), chimney saddles shall be installed where the upper side of a chimney on a sloping roof is more than 750 mm wide. (2) Chimney saddles shall be covered with sheet metal or roofing material of equivalent weight and quality equivalent to the roofing. (3) Saddles shall be flashed where they intersect the roof. (4) The intersection of the saddle and the chimney shall be flashed and counterflashed as in Article 9.26.4.3. (5) A chimney saddle need not be installed if the intersection between the chimney and roof is protected by sheet metal flashing that extends up the chimney to a height equal to at least one sixth the width of the chimney, but not less than 150 mm, and up the roof slope to a point equal in height to the flashing on the chimney, but not less than 1.5 times the shingle exposure. (6) Flashing described in Sentence (5) at the chimney shall be counterflashed as required by Article 9.26.4.3. 9.26.5.Eave Protection for Shingles and Shakes
9.26.5.1. Required Eave Protection (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), eave protection shall be provided on shingle, shake or tile roofs, extending from the edge of the roof a minimum of 900 mm up the roof slope to a line not less than 300 mm inside the inner face of the exterior wall. (2) Eave protection is not required (a) over unheated garages, carports and porches, (b) where the roof overhang exceeds 900 mm measured along the roof slope from the edge of the roof to the inner face of the exterior wall, (c) on roofs of asphalt shingles installed in accordance with Subsection 9.26.8., (d) on roofs with slopes of 1 in 1.5 or greater, or (e) in regions with 3 500 or fewer degree-days.
9.26.5.2. Materials (1) Eave protection shall be laid beneath the starter strip and shall consist of (a) No. 15 asphalt-saturated felt laid in two plies lapped 480 mm and cemented together with lap cement, (b) Type M or S roll roofing laid with not less than 100 mm head and end laps cemented together with lap cement, (c) glass fibre or polyester fibre coated base sheets, or (d) self-sealing composite membranes consisting of modified bituminous coated material. 9.26.6.Underlay Beneath Shingles
9.26.6.1. Materials (1) Except as required in Sentence (2), when underlay is used beneath shingles, it shall be (a) asphalt-saturated sheathing paper weighing not less than 0.195 kg/m2, or (b) No. 15 plain or perforated asphalt-saturated felt. (2) Underlay used beneath wood shingles shall be breather type.
9.26.6.2. Installation (1) When used with shingles, underlay shall be installed parallel to the eaves with head and end lap of not less than 50 mm. (2) The top edge of each strip referred to in Sentence (1) shall be fastened with sufficient roofing nails to hold it in place until the shingles are applied. (3) The underlay referred to in Sentence (1) shall overlap the eave protection by not less than 100 mm. 9.26.7.Asphalt Shingles on Slopes of 1 in 3 or Greater
9.26.7.1. Coverage (1) Coverage shall be not less than 2 thicknesses of shingle over the entire roof, disregarding cutouts.
9.26.7.2. Starter Strip (1) A starter strip shall be installed along the lower edge of the roof so that it extends approximately 12 mm beyond the eaves and rake of the roof and fastened along the bottom edge with nails spaced not more than 300 mm o.c. (2) Starter strips shall be at least Type M mineral-surfaced roll roofing not less than 300 mm wide, or shingles of the same weight and quality as those used as a roof covering with tabs facing up the roof slope. (3) Starter strips need not be provided where eave protection of not less than Type M mineral-surfaced roll roofing is provided or self-sealing composite membranes consisting of polyethylene and bituminous material is provided.
9.26.7.3. Head Lap (1) Shingles shall have a head lap of not less than 50 mm.
9.26.7.4. Fasteners (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), shingles shall be fastened with at least 4 nails or staples for 1 000 mm wide shingles so that no nails or staples are exposed. (2) Where staples with an 11 mm crown are used, shingles shall be fastened with at least 6 staples. (3) Fasteners may be reduced for narrower shingles in proportion to the width of the shingle or when shingles incorporating interlocking devices are used. (4) Fasteners referred to in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be located 25 mm to 40 mm from each end of each strip shingle with other fasteners equally spaced between them. (5) Fasteners referred to in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be located not less than 12 mm above the tops of the cutouts.
9.26.7.5. Securing of Tabs (1) Shingle tabs shall be secured by a spot of plastic cement not exceeding 25 mm diam under the centre of each tab or by interlocking devices or self-sealing strips.
9.26.7.6. Hips and Ridges (1) Shingles on hips and ridges shall be applied so they extend not less than 100 mm on either side of the hip or ridge, and shall be lapped not less than 150 mm. (2) Shingles referred to in Sentence (1) shall be fastened with nails or staples on each side located not more than 25 mm from the edge and 25 mm above the butt of the overlying shingle.
9.26.7.7. Eave Protection (1) Eave protection shall conform to Subsection 9.26.5.
9.26.7.8. Flashing (1) Flashing shall conform to Subsection 9.26.4. 9.26.8.Asphalt Shingles on Slopes of Less Than 1 in 3
9.26.8.1. Coverage (1) Except for the first 2 courses, coverage shall be not less than 3 thicknesses of shingle over the entire roof, disregarding cutouts.
9.26.8.2. Starter Strip (1) A starter strip shall be installed as in Article 9.26.7.2. (2) Starter strips required in Sentence (1) shall be laid in a continuous band of cement not less than 200 mm wide.
9.26.8.3. Securing of Tabs (1) Shingle tabs shall be secured with cold application cement applied at the rate of not less than 0.5 L/m2 of cemented area, or hot application asphalt applied at the rate of 1 kg/m2 of cemented area.
9.26.8.4. Securing of Shingle Courses (1) The first course of shingles shall be secured by a continuous band of cement along the eaves applied so that the width of the band equals the shingle exposure plus 100 mm and the band is located not less than 50 mm above the lower edge of the starter strip. (2) The succeeding courses of shingles shall be secured by a continuous band of cement applied so that the width of the band equals the shingle exposure plus 50 mm. (3) The band required in Sentence (2) shall be located not less than 25 mm nor more than 50 mm above the butt of the overlying course of shingles.
9.26.8.5. Hips and Ridges (1) Shingles on hips and ridges shall be not less than 300 mm wide applied to provide triple coverage. (2) Shingles referred to in Sentence (1) shall be cemented to the roof shingles and to each other with a coat of cement 25 mm from the edges of the shingles and fastened with nails or staples located 40 mm above the butt of the overlying shingle and 50 mm from each edge.
9.26.8.6. Flashing (1) Flashing shall conform to Subsection 9.26.4.
9.26.8.7. Fastening (1) Shingles shall be fastened in accordance with Article 9.26.7.4. 9.26.9.Wood Roof Shingles
9.26.9.1. Decking (1) Decking for wood shingled roofs may be continuous or spaced.
9.26.9.2. Grade (1) Western red cedar shingles shall be not less than No. 2 grade. (2) Eastern white cedar shingles shall be not less than B (clear) grade.
9.26.9.3. Size (1) Wood shingles shall be not less than 400 mm long and not less than 75 mm nor more than 350 mm wide.
9.26.9.4. Spacing and Joints (1) Shingles shall be spaced approximately 6 mm apart and offset at the joints in adjacent courses not less than 40 mm so that joints in alternate courses are staggered.
9.26.9.5. Fastening (1) Shingles shall be fastened with 2 nails or staples located approximately 20 mm from the sides of the shingle and 40 mm above the exposure line.
9.26.9.6. Exposure (1) The exposure of wood roof shingles shall conform to Table 9.26.9.6. Table 9.26.9.6. Exposure of Wood Shingles Forming Part of Sentence 9.26.9.6.(1)  Roof   Slope

Maximum Exposure, mm


No. 1 or A Grade   Length of Shingle, mm

No. 2 or B Grade   Length of Shingle, mm


400

450

600

400

450

600


< 1 in 3

100

115

165

90

100

140


≥ 1 in 3

125

140

190

100

115

165


Column 1

2

3

4

5

6

7
9.26.9.7. Flashing (1) Flashing shall conform to Subsection 9.26.4.
9.26.9.8. Eave Protection (1) Eave protection shall conform to Subsection 9.26.5. 9.26.10.Handsplit Roof Shakes
9.26.10.1. Size and Thickness (1) Shakes shall be not less than 450 mm long and not less than 100 mm nor more than 350 mm wide with a butt thickness of not more than 32 mm and not less than 9 mm.
9.26.10.2. Underlay (1) Where eave protection is not provided, an underlay conforming to the requirements in Article 9.26.6.1. for wood shingles shall be laid as a strip not less than 900 mm wide along the eaves. (2) A strip of material similar to that described in Sentence (1) not less than 450 mm wide shall be interlayed between each course of shakes with the bottom edge of the strip positioned above the butt line at a distance equal to double the exposure of the shakes. (3) Interlayed strips in Sentence (2) shall be lapped at least 150 mm at hips and ridges in a manner that will prevent water from reaching the roof sheathing.
9.26.10.3. Spacing and Joints (1) Shakes shall be spaced 6 mm to 9 mm apart and the joints in one course shall be separated not less than 40 mm from joints in adjacent courses.
9.26.10.4. Fastening (1) Shakes shall be fastened with nails located approximately 20 mm from the sides of the shakes and 40 mm above the exposure line.
9.26.10.5. Exposure (1) The exposure of wood shakes shall not exceed (a) 190 mm for shakes not less than 450 mm long, and (b) 240 mm for shakes not less than 600 mm long.
9.26.10.6. Flashing (1) Flashing shall conform to Subsection 9.26.4.
9.26.10.7. Eave Protection (1) Eave protection shall conform to Subsection 9.26.5. 9.26.11.Built-Up Roofs
9.26.11.1. Quantity of Materials (1) The quantities of bituminous materials used on built-up roofs shall conform to Table 9.26.11.1. Table 9.26.11.1. Quantities of Bitumen for Built-Up Roofs Forming Part of Sentence 9.26.11.1.(1)  Type of Roof

Amount of Bitumen per Square Metre of Roof Surface


Mopping Coats Between Layers

Flood    Coat


Asphalt and aggregate

1 kg

3 kg


Coal-tar and aggregate

1.2 kg

3.6


Cold process roofing

0.75 L cold   process cement

2 L cold process
top coating


Column 1

2

3
9.26.11.2. Coal-Tar and Asphalt Products (1) Coal-tar products and asphalt products shall not be used together in built-up roof construction.
9.26.11.3. Roof Felts (1) Bitumen roofing felts shall be not less than No. 15 felt.
9.26.11.4. Aggregate Surfacing (1) Aggregate used for surfacing built-up roofs shall be clean, dry and durable and shall consist of particles of gravel, crushed stone or air-cooled blast furnace slag having a size of from 6 mm to 15 mm. (2) The minimum amount of aggregate surfacing per square metre of roof surface shall be 15 kg gravel or crushed stone or 10 kg crushed slag.
9.26.11.5. Flashing (1) Flashing shall conform to Subsection 9.26.4.
9.26.11.6. Number of Layers (1) Built-up roofing shall consist of at least 3 mopped-down layers of roofing felt flood coated with bitumen.
9.26.11.7. Installation of Layers (1) In hot process applications each layer of bitumen-saturated felt shall be laid while the bitumen is hot, with each layer overlapping the previous one. (2) The full width under each lap referred to in Sentence (1) shall be coated with bitumen so that in no place does felt touch felt. (3) Felt shall be laid free of wrinkles and shall be rolled directly into the hot bitumen and broomed forward and outward from the centre to ensure complete adhesion.
9.26.11.8. Roofing over Wood-Based Sheathing (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), built-up roofing applied over wood, plywood, OSB or waferboard roof sheathing shall be laid over an additional base layer of felt laid dry over the entire roof deck with at least a 50 mm headlap and a 50 mm sidelap between each sheet. (2) Where plywood, OSB or waferboard roof sheathing is used, the dry layer of felt required in Sentence (1) may be omitted when the joints are taped and the sheathing is primed with asphalt.
9.26.11.9. Attachment to Decking (1) Roofing shall be securely attached to the decking or where insulation is applied above the deck, the insulation shall be securely attached to the deck before the first layer of felt is fastened to the insulation.
9.26.11.10. Cant Strips (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (4), a cant strip shall be provided at the edges of roofs. (2) No fewer than 2 plies of the roofing membrane shall be carried over the top of the cant strip. (3) Flashing shall extend over the top of the cant strip and be shaped to form a drip. (4) The cant strip required in Sentence (1) may be omitted where a gravel stop is provided at the edge of roofs. (5) The roofing membranes shall be carried over the edge of the roof before the gravel stop is fastened and 2 plies of roofing membrane mopped to the top surface of the gravel stop referred to in Sentence (4) before the flood coat is applied. (6) The gravel stop referred to in Sentence (4) shall extend over the edge of the roof to form a drip or shall be flashed so that the flashing extends over the edge to form a drip. 9.26.12.Selvage Roofing
9.26.12.1. Double Coverage (1) Wide selvage asphalt roofing shall provide double coverage over the entire roof surface.
9.26.12.2. Joints (1) Plies of selvage roofing shall be cemented together to ensure a water-tight joint. 9.26.13.Sheet Metal Roofing
9.26.13.1. Thickness (1) Sheet metal roofing shall be not less than (a) 0.33 mm thick galvanized steel, (b) 0.46 mm thick copper, (c) 0.46 mm thick zinc, or (d) 0.48 mm thick aluminum. 9.26.14.Glass Reinforced Polyester Roofing
9.26.14.1. Support (1) Where glass reinforced polyester roofing panels are not supported by roof decking but span between spaced supports, the panels shall be designed to support the specified roof loads. 9.26.15.Hot Applied Rubberized Asphalt Roofing