jswizzle3737/ontario_laws_and_regs huggingface dataset:
5.2.2.1. Calculations (1) Heat, air and moisture transfer calculations shall conform to good engineering practice such as described in the ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook 1993. (2) For the purposes of any analysis conducted to indicate conformance to the thermal resistance levels required in Article 5.3.1.2., soil temperatures shall be determined based on annual average soil temperature, seasonal amplitude of variation and attenuation of variation with depth. (3) Wind load calculations shall conform to Subsection 4.1.8. Section 5.3.Heat Transfer 5.3.1.Thermal Resistance of Assemblies
5.3.1.1. Required Resistance to Heat Transfer (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), where a building component or assembly will be subjected to an intended temperature differential, the component or assembly shall include materials to resist heat transfer in accordance with the remainder of this Subsection. (2) The installation of materials to resist heat transfer in accordance with the remainder of this Subsection is not required where it can be shown that uncontrolled heat transfer will not adversely affect any of (a) the health or safety of building users, (b) the intended use of the building, or (c) the operation of building services.
5.3.1.2. Properties to Resist Heat Transfer (1) Materials and components installed to provide the required resistance to heat transfer shall provide sufficient resistance, for the interior and exterior design temperatures (a) to minimize surface condensation on the component or assembly, (b) in conjunction with other materials and components in the assembly, to minimize condensation within the component or assembly, and (c) in conjunction with systems installed for space conditioning, to meet the interior design thermal conditions for the intended occupancy. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), where materials or components are installed to provide the required resistance to heat transfer and are covered in the scope of the standards listed below, the materials and components shall conform to the requirements of the respective standards (a) CAN/CGSB-12.8-M, “Insulating Glass Units”, (b) CAN/CGSB-51.20-M, “Thermal Insulation, Polystyrene, Boards and Pipe Covering”, (c) CGSB 51-GP-21M, “Thermal Insulation, Urethane and Isocyanurate, Unfaced”, (d) CAN/CGSB-51.23, “Spray-Applied Rigid Polyurethane Cellular Plastic Thermal Insulation”, (e) CAN/CGSB-51.25-M, “Thermal Insulation, Phenolic, Faced”, (f) CAN/CGSB-52.26-M, “Thermal Insulation, Urethane and Isocyanurate, Boards, Faced”, (g) CGSB 51-GP-27-M, “Thermal Insulation, Polystyrene, Loose Fill”, (h) CGSB 51-GP-60-M, “Cellulose Fibre Loose Fill Thermal Insulation”, (i) CAN/CGSB-82.1-M, “Sliding Doors”, (j) CAN/CGSB-82.5-M, “Insulated Steel Doors”, (k) CSA A101-M, “Thermal Insulation, Mineral Fibre, for Buildings”, or (l) CAN/CSA-A247-M, “Insulating Fibreboard”. (3) The requirements for flame-spread ratings contained in the standards listed in Sentence (2) need be applied only as required in Part 3. (4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), all metal-framed glazed assemblies separating interior conditioned space from interior unconditioned space or exterior space shall incorporate a thermal break to minimize condensation. (5) Metal-framed glazed assemblies need not comply with Sentence (4) where these assemblies are (a) storm windows or doors, or (b) windows or doors which are required to have a fire-resistance rating.
5.3.1.3. Location and Installation of Materials Providing Thermal Resistance (1) Where a material required by Article 5.3.1.1. is intersected by a building assembly, penetrated by a high conductance component or interrupted by expansion, control or construction joints, and where condensation is likely to occur at these intersections, penetrations or interruptions, materials providing thermal resistance shall be positioned so as to minimize condensation at these locations. (2) Materials providing required thermal resistance shall have sufficient inherent resistance to air flow or be positioned in the assembly so as to prevent convection air flow through and around the material. (3) Spray-in-place polyurethane insulation shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of CAN/CGSB-51.39, “Spray Application of Rigid Polyurethane Cellular Plastic Thermal Insulation for Building Construction”. Section 5.4.Air Leakage 5.4.1.Air Barrier Systems
5.4.1.1. Required Resistance to Air Leakage (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), where a building component or assembly separates interior conditioned space from exterior space, interior space from the ground, or environmentally dissimilar interior spaces, the component or assembly shall contain an air barrier system. (2) An air barrier system is not required where it can be shown that uncontrolled air leakage will not adversely affect any of (a) the health or safety of building users, (b) the intended use of the building, or (c) the operation of building services.
5.4.1.2. Air Barrier System Properties (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), sheet and panel type materials intended to provide the principal resistance to air leakage shall have an air leakage characteristic not greater than 0.02 L/(s∙m2) measured at an air pressure difference of 75 Pa. (2) The air leakage limit specified in Sentence (1) is permitted to be increased where it can be shown that the higher rate of leakage will not adversely affect any of (a) the health or safety of building users, (b) the intended use of the building, or (c) the operation of building services. (3) Except as provided in Sentence (6), where components of the air barrier system are covered in the scope of the standards listed below, the components shall conform to the requirements of the respective standards (a) CAN/CGSB-63.14-M, “Plastic Skylights”, (b) CAN/CGSB-82.1-M, “Sliding Doors”, (c) CAN/CGSB-82.5-M, “Insulated Steel Doors”, or (d) CAN/CSA-A440-M, “Windows”. (4) Skylights not covered in the scope of CAN/CGSB-63.14-M, “Plastic Skylights” shall conform to the performance requirements of that standard. (5) Except as provided in Sentence (6), windows and sliding doors covered in the scope of CAN/CGSB-82.1-M, “Sliding Doors”, and CAN/CSA-A440-M, “Windows”, and installed as components in an air barrier system shall conform at least to the airtightness requirements in CAN/CSA-A440.1-M, “User Selection Guide to CAN/CSA-A440-M, Windows”. (6) Where a wired glass assembly is installed as a component in an air barrier system in a required fire separation, the assembly need not conform to CAN/CSA-A440-M, “Windows” or CAN/CSA-A440.1-M, “User Selection Guide to CAN/CSA-A440-M, Windows”. (7) The air barrier system shall be continuous (a) across construction, control and expansion joints, (b) across junctions between different building assemblies, and (c) around penetrations through the building assembly. (8) An air barrier system installed in an assembly subject to wind load, and other elements of the separator that will be subject to wind load, shall transfer that load to the structure. (9) Except as provided in Sentence (11), an air barrier system installed in an assembly subject to wind load shall be designed and constructed to resist 100% of the specified wind load as determined in Subsection 4.1.8. (10) Except as provided in Sentence (11), deflections of the air barrier system and other elements of the separator that will be subject to wind load shall not adversely affect non-structural elements at 1.5 times the specified wind load. (11) Where it can be shown by test or analysis that an air barrier system installed in an assembly will be subject to less than 100% of the specified wind load (a) the air barrier system is permitted to be designed and constructed to resist 1.5 times the lesser load, and (b) deflections of the air barrier system and other elements of the separator that will be subject to wind load shall not adversely affect non-structural elements at 1.5 times the lesser load. Section 5.5.Vapour Diffusion 5.5.1.Vapour Barriers
5.5.1.1. Required Vapour Barrier (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), where a building component or assembly will be subjected to a temperature differential and a differential in water vapour pressure, the component or assembly shall include a vapour barrier. (2) A vapour barrier is not required where it can be shown that uncontrolled vapour diffusion will not adversely affect any of (a) the health or safety of building users, (b) the intended use of the building, or (c) the operation of building services.
5.5.1.2. Vapour Barrier Properties and Installation (1) The vapour barrier shall have sufficiently low permeance and shall be positioned in the building component or assembly so as to (a) minimize moisture transfer by diffusion, to surfaces within the assembly that would be cold enough to cause condensation at the design temperature and humidity conditions, or (b) reduce moisture transfer by diffusion, to surfaces within the assembly that would be cold enough to cause condensation at the design temperature and humidity conditions, to a rate that will not allow sufficient accumulation of moisture to cause deterioration or otherwise adversely affect any of (i) the health or safety of building users, (ii) the intended use of the building, or (iii) the operation of building services. (2) Where materials installed to provide the required resistance to vapour diffusion are covered in the scope of the standards listed below, the materials shall conform to the requirements of the respective standards (a) CAN/CGSB-51.33-M, “Vapour Barrier Sheet, Excluding Polyethylene, for Use in Building Construction”, and (b) CAN/CGSB-51.34-M, “Vapour Barrier, Polyethylene Sheet for Use in Building Construction”. (3) Coatings applied to gypsum wallboard to provide required resistance to vapour diffusion shall be shown to conform with the requirements of Sentence (1) when tested in accordance with CAN/CGSB-1.501-M, “Method for Permeance of Coated Wallboard”. (4) Coatings applied to materials other than gypsum wallboard to provide required resistance to vapour diffusion shall be shown to conform with the requirements of Sentence (1) when tested in accordance with ASTM E96, “Test Methods for Water Vapour Transmission of Materials” by the desiccant method (dry cup). Section 5.6.Precipitation 5.6.1.Protection from Precipitation
5.6.1.1. Required Protection from Precipitation (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), where a building component or assembly is exposed to precipitation, the component or assembly shall (a) minimize ingress of precipitation into the component or assembly, and (b) prevent ingress of precipitation into interior space. (2) Protection from ingress of precipitation is not required where it can be shown that such ingress will not adversely affect any of (a) the health or safety of building users, (b) the intended use of the building, or (c) the operation of building services.
5.6.1.3. Installation of Protective Materials (1) Where a material applied to a sloped or horizontal assembly is installed to provide required protection from precipitation and its installation is covered in the scope of one of the standards listed below, installation shall conform to the requirements of the respective standard (a) CAN/CGSB 37.51-M, “Application of Hot Applied Rubberized Asphalt for Roofing and Waterproofing”, (b) CGSB 37-GP-55M, “Application of Sheet Applied Flexible Polyvinyl Chloride Roofing Membrane”, (c) CAN3-A123.51-M, “Asphalt Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:3 and Steeper”, or (d) CAN3-A123.52-M, “Asphalt Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:6 to less than 1:3”. (2) Protective materials applied to sloped or horizontal assemblies shall be installed to resist wind-uplift loads determined according to Subsection 4.1.8. (3) Where masonry applied to vertical assemblies is installed to provide required protection from precipitation, installation shall conform to the requirements of CSA-A371, “Masonry Construction for Buildings”. (4) Where protective materials applied to assemblies are installed to provide required protection from precipitation, the materials shall be installed to shed precipitation or otherwise minimize its entry into the assembly and prevent its penetration through the assembly. 5.6.2.Sealing, Drainage, Accumulation and Disposal
5.6.2.1. Sealing and Drainage (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), materials, components, assemblies, joints in materials, junctions between components and junctions between assemblies exposed to precipitation shall be (a) sealed to prevent ingress of precipitation, or (b) drained to direct precipitation to the exterior. (2) Sealing or drainage are not required where it can be shown that the omission of sealing and drainage will not adversely affect any of (a) the health or safety of building users, (b) the intended use of the building, or (c) the operation of building services.
5.6.2.2. Accumulation and Disposal (1) Where water, snow or ice can accumulate on a building, provision shall be made to minimize the likelihood of hazardous conditions arising from such accumulation. (2) Where precipitation can accumulate on sloped or horizontal assemblies, provision shall be made for drainage conforming with Section 7.4. (3) Where downspouts are provided and are not connected to a sewer, provisions shall be made to (a) divert the water from the building, (b) prevent soil erosion, and (c) minimize icing hazards. (4) Junctions between vertical assemblies, and sloped or horizontal assemblies, shall be designed and constructed to minimize the flow of water from the sloped or horizontal assembly onto the vertical assembly.
5.6.2.3. Solar Collector Systems (1) A solar collector system is permitted to be installed above roofing materials conforming to Sentence 5.6.1.2.(1). Section 5.7.Surface Water 5.7.1.Protection from Surface Water
5.7.1.1. Prevention of Accumulation and Ingress (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the building shall be located, the building site graded, catch basins installed, or foundation walls constructed so that surface water will not (a) accumulate against or enter into the building, or (b) damage moisture-susceptible materials. (2) Buildings specifically designed to accommodate accumulation of water at the building or water ingress need not comply with Clause (1)(a). Section 5.8.Moisture in the Ground 5.8.1.Foundation and Floor Drainage
5.8.1.1. Required Drainage (1) Except where a wall or floor is subject to continuous hydrostatic pressure, or unless it can be shown to be unnecessary, the bottom of every exterior foundation wall and every floor-on-ground shall be provided with drainage.
5.8.1.2. Drainage Materials and Installation (1) Drainage shall be designed and installed to accommodate the drainage load. 5.8.2.Protection from Moisture in the Ground
5.8.2.1. Required Moisture Protection (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), where a building element separates interior space from the ground, materials, components or assemblies shall be installed to prevent moisture transfer into the space. (2) Materials, components or assemblies need not be installed to prevent moisture transfer from the ground where it can be shown that such transfer will not adversely affect any of (a) the health or safety of building users, (b) the intended use of the building, or (c) the operation of building services.
5.8.2.2. Protective Material and Component Properties (1) Except where it can be shown that lesser protection will not lead to adverse conditions, or as provided in Article 5.8.2.3., materials and components installed to provide required moisture protection shall conform to the requirements of this Article. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), materials installed to provide required moisture protection shall be capable of bridging (a) construction, control and expansion joints, (b) junctions between different building assemblies, and (c) junctions between building assemblies and elements penetrating building assemblies. (3) Where the required moisture protection material is not capable of bridging construction, control and expansion joints, those joints shall be designed to maintain the continuity of the moisture protection. (4) Moisture protection materials and components shall have sufficiently low water permeance to resist moisture loads. (5) Moisture protection shall be designed and constructed to resist design hydrostatic pressures as determined in accordance with Section 4.2. (6) Where materials installed to provide the required resistance to moisture transfer are covered in the scope of the standards listed below, the materials shall conform to the requirements of the respective standards (a) CAN/CGSB-37.2-M, “Emulsified Asphalt, Mineral Colloid Type, Unfilled, for Dampproofing and Waterproofing and for Roof Coatings”, (b) CGSB 37-GP-9Ma, “Primer, Asphalt for Asphalt Roofing, Dampproofing and Waterproofing”, (c) CAN/CGSB-37.16-M, “Filled Cutback Asphalt for Dampproofing and Waterproofing”, (d) CAN/CGSB-37.50-M, “Hot Applied Rubberized Asphalt for Roofing and Waterproofing”, (e) CGSB 37-GP-52M, “Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane, Sheet Applied, Elastomeric”, (f) CGSB 37-GP-54M, “Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane, Sheet Applied, Flexible, Polyvinyl Chloride”, (g) CGSB 37-GP-56M, “Membrane, Modified, Bituminous, Prefabricated and Reinforced for Roofing”, or (h) CSA A123.4-M, “Bitumen for Use in Construction of Built-up Roof Coverings and Dampproofing and Waterproofing Systems”. (7) Except as provided in Sentence (8), materials covered in the scope of the standards listed below shall not be installed to provide the required resistance to moisture transfer (a) CGSB 37-GP-6Ma, “Asphalt, Cutback, Unfilled for Dampproofing”, or (b) CGSB 37-GP-18Ma, “Tar, Cutback, Unfilled for Dampproofing”. (8) Where the substrate is cast-in-place concrete, and a drainage layer is installed between the building assembly and the soil, and the assembly will not be subject to hydrostatic pressure (a) materials and components installed to provide the required resistance to moisture transfer need not conform with Sentences 5.8.2.2.(1) to (5), and (b) materials covered in the scope of (i) CGSB 37-GP-6Ma, “Asphalt, Cutback, Unfilled for Dampproofing”, or (ii) CGSB 37-GP-18Ma, “Tar, Cutback, Unfilled for Dampproofing”, are permitted to be installed to provide the required resistance to moisture transfer where those materials conform to the requirements of the standards.
5.8.2.3. Installation of Moisture Protection (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), where materials are installed to provide the required resistance to moisture transfer and their installation is covered in the scope of the standards listed below, installation shall conform to the waterproofing requirements of the respective standards (a) CAN/CGSB-37.3-M, “Application of Emulsified Asphalts for Dampproofing or Waterproofing”, (b) CGSB 37-GP-36M, “Application of Filled Cutback Asphalts for Dampproofing and Waterproofing”, (c) CGSB 37-GP-37M, “Application of Hot Asphalt for Dampproofing or Waterproofing”, or (d) CAN/CGSB-37.51-M, “Application of Hot Applied Rubberized Asphalt for Roofing and Waterproofing”. (2) Where the substrate is cast-in-place concrete, and a drainage layer is installed between the building assembly and the soil, and the assembly will not be subject to hydrostatic pressure (a) materials and components installed to provide the required resistance to moisture transfer and whose installation is covered in the scope of the standards listed in Sentence (1), are permitted to be installed in conformance with the dampproofing requirements of the standards listed in Sentence (1), or (b) materials installed to provide the required resistance to moisture transfer and whose installation is covered in the scope of the standards listed below, shall be installed in conformance with the requirements of the respective standards: (i) CGSB 37-GP-12Ma, “Application of Unfilled Cutback Asphalt for Dampproofing”, or (ii) CAN/CGSB 37.22-M, “Application of Unfilled Cutback Tar Foundation Coating for Dampproofing”. O. Reg. 403/97, Part 5; O. Reg. 349/06, s. 14. PART 6   HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING  Section

6.1.

General


 

6.1.1.

Application


 

6.1.2.

Definitions


 

6.1.3.

Plans and Specifications


 

 

 


Section

6.2.

Design and Installation


 

6.2.1.

General


 

6.2.2.

Ventilation


 

6.2.3.

Air Duct Systems


 

6.2.4.

Air Ducts for Low Capacity Systems


 

6.2.5.

Heating Appliances, General


 

6.2.5A.

Carbon Monoxide Detectors


 

6.2.6.

Incinerators


 

6.2.7.

Unit Heaters


 

6.2.8.

Radiators and Convectors


 

6.2.9.

Piping For Heating and Cooling Systems


 

6.2.10.

Refrigerating Systems and Equipment for Air-Conditioning


 

6.2.11.

Storage Bins


 

 

 


Section

6.3.

Chimneys and Venting Equipment


 

6.3.1.

General PART 6   HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING Section 6.1.General 6.1.1.Application
6.1.1.1. Scope (1) The scope of this Part shall be as described in Section 2.1. (2) Where the method of operation of an existing heating, ventilating or air-conditioning system is altered, the repair, adjustment or component replacements that change the capacity or extent of safety of the system shall conform to this Code.
6.1.1.2. Application (1) This Part applies to systems and equipment for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning services. 6.1.2.Definitions
6.1.2.1. Reserved 6.1.3.Plans and Specifications
6.1.3.1. Reserved Section 6.2.Design and Installation 6.2.1.General
6.2.1.1. Good Engineering Practice (1) Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems, including related mechanical refrigeration systems, shall be designed, constructed and installed to conform to good engineering practice appropriate to the circumstances such as described in (a) the ASHRAE Handbooks as follows: (i) 1993 Fundamentals, (ii) 1994 Refrigeration, (iii) 1995 HVAC Applications, (iv) 1996 HVAC Systems and Equipment, and (v) ASHRAE/IES 90.1-1989, “Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings Except Lowrise Residential Buildings”, (b) the CAN/CSA-F280-M90, “Determining the Required Capacity of Residential Space Heating and Cooling Appliances”, and the outside winter design temperatures shall conform to Subsection 2.5.1. of this Code, (c) the CAN/CSA-F326-M91, “Residential Mechanical Ventilation Requirements”, (d) the NFPA Fire Codes (1996 Publication), (e) the HRAI Digest 1992, (f) the Hydronics Institute Manuals, (g) the SMACNA Manuals, (h) the Industrial Ventilation Manual, 22nd Edition 1995, published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, (i) CAN/CSA-Z317.2, “Special Requirements for HVAC Systems in Health Care Facilities”, (j) the Unified Canadian Guideline for Integrated (Combined) Heating Systems, and (k) the Model National Energy Code for Buildings, 1997.
6.2.1.2. Design Indoor Air Temperatures (1) Buildings classified as Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancies or Group C residential occupancies that are intended for use in the winter months on a continuing basis shall be insulated and be equipped with heating facilities that are capable of maintaining an indoor air temperature of 22°C at the outside winter design temperature referred to in Article 6.2.1.8. (2) All other buildings intended for occupancy in the winter months on a continuing basis should be insulated and shall be equipped with heating facilities to maintain a minimum indoor air temperature of 18°C or commensurate with the use of the building at the outside winter design temperature described in Article 6.2.1.8.
6.2.1.3. Reserved
6.2.1.4. Structural Movement (1) Mechanical systems and equipment shall be designed and installed to accommodate the maximum relative structural movement provided for in the construction of the building.
6.2.1.5. Installation Standards (1) The installation of solid fuel-burning appliances for central heating systems shall comply with CAN/CSA-B365-M, “Installation Code for Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances and Equipment” and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. (2) The solid fuel-fired appliances in Sentence (1) shall conform to CAN/CSA-B366.1-M, “Solid Fuel-Fired Central Heating Appliances”. (3) The design and installation of ground and water source heat pumps shall conform to CAN/CSA-C445-M, “Design and Installation of Earth Energy Heat Pump Systems for Residential and Other Small Buildings” where (a) the maximum standard rated output is 35 kW per dwelling unit for residential applications, or (b) small building applications serve a heated floor space area not greater than 1 400 m2. (4) The design and installation of ground and water source heat pumps shall conform to CAN/CSA-C447-M, “Design and Installation of Earth Energy Heat Pump Systems for Commercial and Institutional Buildings” where the heated floor space is greater than 1 400 m2. (5) The design and installation of Solid fuel-burning stoves, ranges and space heaters, including the requirements for combustion air, shall conform to the requirements of CAN/CSA-B365-M, “Installation Code for Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances and Equipment” and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
6.2.1.6. Fireplaces (1) Fireplaces shall conform to the requirements of Section 9.22.
6.2.1.7. Heat Recovery Ventilators (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), heat recovery ventilators with rated capacities of not less than 25 L/s and not more than 200 L/s shall be installed in accordance with Article 9.32.3.11. (2) Where electric space heating, other than forced-air electric heating system, is provided in buildings of residential occupancy within the scope of Part 9, the mechanical ventilation system shall include heat recovery ventilators designed to provide the greater of (a) the minimum rated efficiency required by the Ontario Energy Efficiency Act, or (b) a minimum 55% sensible heat recovery efficiency when tested to the low temperature thermal and ventilation performance test method set out in CAN/CSA-C439-M, “Standard Methods of Test for Rating the Performance of Heat Recovery Ventilators”, at a Station 1 test temperature of -25°C at an air flow not less than 30 L/s.
6.2.1.8. Outside Design Conditions (1) The outside conditions to be used in designing heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems shall be determined in conformance with Subsection 2.5.1.
6.2.1.9. Installation — General (1) Equipment requiring periodic maintenance and forming part of a heating, ventilating or air-conditioning system shall be installed with provision for access for inspection, maintenance, repair and cleaning. (2) Mechanical equipment shall be protected with guards to prevent injury to the public or maintenance staff. (3) Equipment forming part of a heating or air-conditioning system that may be adversely affected by freezing temperatures and that is located in an unheated area shall be protected from freezing.
6.2.1.10. Expansion, Contraction and System Pressure (1) Heating and cooling systems shall be designed to allow for expansion and contraction of the heat transfer fluid and to maintain the system pressure within the rated working pressure limits of all components of the system.
6.2.1.11. Asbestos (1) Asbestos shall not be used in air distribution systems or equipment in a form or in a location where asbestos fibres could enter the air supply or return systems.
6.2.1.12. Access Openings (1) Any covering of an access opening through which a person could enter shall be openable from the inside without the use of keys where there is a possibility of the opening being accidentally closed while the system or equipment is being serviced.
6.2.1.13. Combustible Tubing (1) Combustible tubing for pneumatic controls may be used in buildings required to be of noncombustible construction providing it has an outside diameter not exceeding 10 mm. 6.2.2.Ventilation
6.2.2.1. Required Ventilation (1) Except as provided in Sentence (3), all rooms and spaces in buildings shall be ventilated in accordance with this Part. (2) Except in storage garages and repair garages covered by Article 6.2.2.3., the rates at which outdoor air is supplied to rooms and spaces in buildings by ventilation systems shall be not less than the rates required by ASHRAE Standard 62, “Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality”. (3) Self-contained mechanical ventilation systems, serving only one dwelling unit which conform to the requirements of Subsection 9.32.3. shall be considered to satisfy the requirements of this Article. (4) Live/work units shall be mechanically ventilated in accordance with the requirement of Sentence (1).
6.2.2.2. Natural Ventilation (1) The ventilation required by Article 6.2.2.1. shall be provided by mechanical ventilation except that it can be provided by natural ventilation or a combination of natural and mechanical ventilation in (a) buildings of other than residential occupancy having an occupant load of not more than one person per 40 m2 during normal use, (b) buildings of industrial occupancy where the nature of the process contained therein permits or requires the use of large openings in the building envelope even during the winter, or (c) seasonal buildings not intended to be occupied during the winter.
6.2.2.3. Ventilation of Storage and Repair Garages (1) Except as provided in Sentences (4) and (6), an enclosed storage garage shall have a mechanical ventilation system designed to (a) limit the concentration of carbon monoxide to not more than 100 parts per million of air when measured between 900 mm and 1 200 mm from the floor, or (b) provide, during operating hours, a continuous supply of outdoor air at a rate of not less than 3.9 L/s for each square metre of floor area. (2) Mechanical ventilation systems provided in accordance with Clause (1)(a) shall be controlled automatically by carbon monoxide monitoring devices, located so as to provide full protection throughout the storage garage. (3) Mechanical ventilation systems provided in accordance with Sentence (1) shall be designed such that the pressure in the storage garage is less than the pressure in adjoining buildings of other occupancy, or in adjacent portions of the same building having a different occupancy. (4) In storage garages subject to the requirements of Sentence (1), where motor vehicles are parked by mechanical means, the ventilation requirements may be reduced by one half. (5) Except as provided in Sentence (6), ticket and attendant booths of storage garages shall be pressurized with a supply of outdoor air. (6) The requirements of Sentences (1) to (5) shall not apply to open-air storeys in a storage garage. (7) A repair garage shall have a mechanical ventilation system designed to limit the exposure of workers to carbon monoxide to below the time weighted average concentration of 35 parts per million for a normal 8 hour workday or 40 hour work week. (8) In a repair garage, when a repair bay is not immediately adjacent to an outside garage door opening, a system capable of providing continuous general ventilation of not less than 700 L/s per internal bay shall be provided. (9) The general ventilation system described in Sentence (8) shall be designed to (a) operate continuously, or (b) be controlled automatically by carbon monoxide monitoring devices, located so as to provide full protection throughout the repair garage. (10) The general ventilation system described in Sentence (8) is not required when tail pipes of vehicles are directly connected to local mechanical exhaust systems that terminate outdoors.
6.2.2.4. Air Contaminants (1) Air contaminants released within buildings shall be removed insofar as possible at their points of origin and shall not be permitted to accumulate in concentrations greater than permitted in the Industrial Ventilation Manual published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. (2) Systems serving spaces that contain sources of contamination and systems serving other occupied parts of the building but located in or running through spaces that contain sources of contamination shall be designed in such a manner as to prevent spreading of such contamination to other occupied parts of the building. (3) Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems shall be designed to minimize growth of micro-organisms according to good engineering practice as described in 6.2.1.1.(1). (4) Mechanical rooms containing refrigeration equipment shall be ventilated in accordance with CSA B52-M, “Mechanical Refrigeration Code”.
6.2.2.5. Hazardous Gases, Dusts or Liquids (1) Systems serving spaces that contain hazardous gases, dusts or liquids shall be designed, constructed and installed in conformance with the provisions of the Ontario Fire Code made under the Fire Marshals Act, or in the absence of requirements pertinent to such systems in the Ontario Fire Code, to good engineering practice such as is described in the publications of the National Fire Protection Association and in the National Fire Code of Canada 1995.
6.2.2.6. Commercial Cooking Equipment (1) All commercial cooking equipment shall be provided with ventilation systems designed, constructed and installed to conform to NFPA 96, “Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations”, except as required by Sentence 3.6.3.1.(1) and Article 3.6.4.2.
6.2.2.7. Crawl Spaces and Attic or Roof Spaces (1) Every crawl space and every attic or roof space shall be ventilated by natural or mechanical means. 6.2.3.Air Duct Systems
6.2.3.1. Application (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the design, construction and installation of air duct distribution systems serving heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems shall conform to this Subsection. (2) The requirements of Subsection 6.2.4. apply to individual dwelling units for the design, construction and installation of air duct distribution systems which serve ventilating or air-conditioning systems or which serve heating systems in which the rated heat input does not exceed 120 kW.
6.2.3.2. Materials in Air Duct Systems (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4) and in Article 3.6.4.3., all ducts, duct connectors, associated fittings and plenums used in air duct systems shall be constructed of steel, aluminum alloy, copper, clay, asbestos-cement or similar noncombustible material. (2) Ducts, associated fittings and plenums are permitted to contain combustible material provided they (a) conform to the appropriate requirements for Class 1 duct materials in CAN/ULC-S110-M, “Standard Methods of Test for Air Ducts”, (b) conform to Article 3.1.5.14. in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, (c) conform to Subsection 3.1.9., (d) are not used in horizontal runs in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, (e) are not used in vertical runs serving more than 2 storeys in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, and (f) are not used in air duct systems in which the air temperature may exceed 120°C. (3) Duct sealants shall have a flame-spread rating of not more than 25 and a smoke developed classification of not more than 50. (4) Duct connectors that contain combustible materials and that are used between ducts and air outlet units shall (a) conform to the appropriate requirements for Class 1 air duct materials in CAN/ULC-S110-M, “Standard Methods of Test for Air Ducts”, (b) be limited to 4 m in length, (c) be used only in horizontal runs, and (d) not penetrate required fire separations. (5) Materials in Sentences (1) to (4) which when used in a location where they may be subjected to excessive moisture shall have no appreciable loss of strength when wet and shall be corrosion-resistant.
6.2.3.3. Connections and Openings in Air Duct Systems (1) Air duct systems shall have (a) tight-fitting connections throughout, and (b) no openings other than those required for proper operation, inspection and maintenance of the system. (2) Except for systems that serve one dwelling unit only, access openings shall be provided in duct systems where lint, grease, debris, paper or other combustible material may accumulate in plenums and ducts.
6.2.3.4. Coverings, Linings, Adhesives and Insulation (1) Coverings, linings and associated adhesives and insulation of air ducts, plenums and other parts of air duct systems shall be of noncombustible material when exposed to heated air or radiation from heat sources that would result in the exposed surface exceeding a temperature of 120°C. (2) When combustible coverings and linings, including associated adhesives and insulation, are used, they shall have a flame-spread rating of not more than 25 on any exposed surface or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, and a smoke developed classification of not more than 50, except that the outer covering of ducts, plenums and other parts of air duct systems used within an assembly of combustible construction may have an exposed surface flame-spread rating of not more than 75 and may have a smoke developed classification greater than 50. (3) Combustible coverings and linings in Sentence (2) shall not flame, glow, smoulder or smoke when tested in accordance with the method of test in ASTM C411, “Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation” at the maximum temperature to which the coverings and linings are to be exposed in service. (4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), foamed plastic insulation shall not be used as part of an air duct or for insulating an air duct. (5) Foamed plastic insulation may be used in a ceiling space that acts as a return air plenum provided the foamed plastic insulation is protected from exposure to the plenum in accordance with Article 3.1.5.11. (6) Combustible coverings and linings of ducts, including associated adhesives and insulation, shall be interrupted at the immediate area of operation of heat sources in a duct system, such as electric resistance heaters or fuel-burning heaters or furnaces, and where the duct penetrates a fire separation. (7) Linings of ducts shall be installed so that they will not interfere with the operation of volume or balancing dampers, fire dampers, fire stop flaps and other closures.
6.2.3.5. Underground Ducts (1) Underground ducts shall be constructed to provide interior drainage from and access to all low points and shall not be connected directly to a sewer.
6.2.3.6. Clearances (1) The clearances from combustible material and supply plenums, supply ducts, boots and register boxes of heating systems shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 6.2.4.
6.2.3.7. Fire Dampers (1) Fire dampers shall conform to the requirements of Article 3.1.8.9.
6.2.3.8. Smoke Detector Control (1) Air handling systems shall incorporate smoke detector control where required by Article 3.2.4.13.
6.2.3.9. Exhaust Ducts and Outlets (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), exhaust ducts of nonmechanical ventilating systems serving separate rooms or spaces shall not be combined. (2) Exhaust ducts of nonmechanical ventilating systems serving similar occupancies may be combined immediately below the point of final delivery to the outside, such as at the base of a roof ventilator. (3) Exhaust ducts of ventilating systems shall have provision for the removal of condensation where this may be a problem. (4) Exhaust outlets shall be designed to prevent back draft under wind conditions. (5) Except as permitted in Sentence (6), exhaust systems shall discharge directly to the outdoors. (6) Exhaust systems are permitted to exhaust into a storage garage provided such systems serve rooms which (a) are accessible only from the storage garage, and (b) are not served by duct systems serving other parts of the building. (7) Exhaust ducts connected to laundry drying equipment shall be independent of other exhaust ducts. (8) Except as provided in Sentence (10) and except for self-contained systems serving individual dwelling units, exhaust ducts serving rooms containing water closets, urinals, basins, showers or slop sinks shall be independent of other exhaust ducts. (9) Except as provided in Sentence (10) and except for self-contained systems serving individual dwelling units, exhaust ducts serving rooms containing residential cooking equipment shall be independent of other exhaust ducts. (10) Two or more exhaust systems described in Sentences (8) and (9) may be interconnected or connected with exhaust ducts serving other areas of the building provided (a) the connections are made at the inlet of an exhaust fan, and (b) all interconnected systems are equipped with suitable back pressure devices to prevent passage of odours from one system to another when the fan is not in operation. (11) Where exhaust ducts containing air from heated spaces pass through or are adjacent to unheated spaces, the ducts shall be insulated to prevent moisture condensation in the ducts in accordance with Sentence 6.2.4.3.(10). (12) Except for wash basins (lavatories), the exhaust air provided shall not be less than 24 L/s for each sanitary fixture listed in Sentence (8). (13) Except for wash basins (lavatories), sanitary facilities in a food premises shall be mechanically ventilated and shall be capable of exhausting air at the rate of not less than 24 L/s for each sanitary fixture listed in Sentence (14). (14) The mechanical ventilation described in Sentence (13) applies to rooms containing water closets, urinals, basins, showers or slop sinks.
6.2.3.10. Interconnection of Systems (1) Except as provided in Sentence 6.2.3.9.(6), air duct systems serving storage garages shall not be interconnected with other parts of the building. (2) In a residential occupancy, air from one suite shall not be circulated to any other suite nor to a public corridor or public stairway. (3) Except for Sentence 3.3.1.4.(4) and Sentences (4) and (5), a public corridor or corridor serving the public shall not be used as a portion of a supply, return or exhaust air system serving adjoining areas, other than as part of a supply air system serving toilet rooms, bathrooms, shower rooms and similar auxiliary spaces opening directly to the public corridor or corridor used by the public. (4) A public corridor may be used as part of an engineered smoke control system. (5) Infiltration due to corridor pressurization is permitted into a residential occupancy from a public corridor.
6.2.3.11. Ducts in Exit Stairways (1) Duct penetration of fire separations separating exits from the remainder of the building shall be in accordance with Article 3.4.4.4.
6.2.3.12. Make-up Air (1) In ventilating systems that exhaust air to the outdoors, provision shall be made for the admission of a supply of make-up air in sufficient quantity so that the operation of the exhaust system and other exhaust equipment or combustion equipment is not adversely affected.
6.2.3.13. Supply, Return, Intake and Exhaust Air Openings (1) Supply, return and exhaust air openings in rooms or spaces in buildings when located less than 2 m above the floor shall be protected by grilles having openings of a size that will not allow the passage of a 15 mm diameter sphere. (2) Combustible grilles, diffusers and other devices for supply, return and exhaust air openings in rooms shall conform to the flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification requirements for the interior finish of the surface on which they are installed. (3) Outdoor air intakes and exhaust outlets at the building exterior shall be designed or located so that the air entering the building system will not contain more contaminants than the normal exterior air of the locality in which the building is situated. (4) Exterior openings for outdoor air intakes and exhaust outlets shall be shielded from the entry of snow and rain and shall be fitted with corrosion-resistant screens of mesh having openings not larger than 15 mm, except where experience has shown that climatic conditions require larger openings to avoid icing over of the screen openings. (5) Screens required in Sentence (4) shall be accessible for maintenance.
6.2.3.14. Filters and Odour Removal Equipment (1) Air filters for air duct systems shall conform to the requirements for Class 2 air filter units as described in CAN4-S111, “Standard Method of Fire Tests For Air Filter Units”. (2) When electrostatic-type filters are used, they shall be installed so as to ensure that the electric circuit is automatically de-energized when filter access doors are opened and in dwelling units when the system circulating fan is not operating. (3) When odour removal equipment of the adsorption type is used it shall be (a) installed to provide access so that adsorption material can be reactivated or renewed, and (b) protected from dust accumulation by air filters installed on the inlet side. (4) Facilities for flushing and drainage shall be provided where filters are designed to be washed in place.
6.2.3.15. Air Washers and Evaporative Cooling Sections or Towers (1) The filter and water evaporation medium of every air washer and evaporative cooling section enclosed within a building shall be made of noncombustible material. (2) Sumps for air washer and evaporative cooling sections shall be constructed and installed so that they can be flushed and drained. (3) Evaporative cooling sections or towers of combustible material located on or outside buildings shall have a clearance of not less than 12 m from sources of ignition such as chimneys or incinerators when the tower exterior construction is noncombustible, and a clearance of not less than 30 m when the tower exterior construction is combustible. (4) Evaporative cooling sections or towers, the main structure of which exceeds a volume of 55 m3, shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 214, “Water-Cooling Towers”.
6.2.3.16. Fans and Associated Air Handling Equipment (1) Fans for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems shall be located and installed so that their operation (a) does not adversely affect the draft required for proper operation of fuel-fired appliances, and (b) does not allow the air in the air duct system to be contaminated by air or gases from the boiler-room or furnace-room. (2) Fans and associated air handling equipment, such as air washers, filters and heating and cooling units, when installed on the roof or elsewhere outside the building, shall be of a type designed for outdoor use.
6.2.3.17. Construction and Installation of Ducts and Plenums (1) Rectangular panels in plenums and ducts more than 300 mm wide shall be shaped to provide sufficient stiffness. (2) Where the installation of heating supply ducts in walls and floors creates a space between the duct and construction material, the space shall be fire stopped with noncombustible material at each end. (3) Ducts shall be securely supported by metal hangers, straps, lugs or brackets, except that where zero clearance is permitted, wooden brackets may be used. (4) All round duct joints shall be tight-fitting and lapped not less than 25 mm. (5) Rectangular duct connections shall be made with S and drive cleats or equivalent mechanical connections. (6) Trunk supply ducts shall not be nailed directly to wood members. (7) Branch ducts shall be supported at suitable spacings to maintain alignment and prevent sagging. (8) Ducts in or beneath concrete slabs-on-ground shall be watertight, corrosion-, decay- and mildew-resistant. (9) Where a supply or return duct is not protected by an insulated exterior wall or where the duct is exposed to an unheated space it shall be insulated to prevent condensation.
6.2.3.18. Connectors (1) Vibration isolation connectors in air duct systems shall be noncombustible, except that combustible fabric connectors are permitted provided they (a) do not exceed 250 mm in length, (b) comply with the flame-resistance requirements of CAN/ULC-S109, “Standard for Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films”, and (c) are not used in a location where they are exposed to heated air or radiation from heat sources that may cause the exposed surface to exceed a temperature of 120°C.
6.2.3.19. Tape (1) Tape used for sealing joints in air ducts, plenums and other parts of air duct systems shall meet the flame-resistance requirements for fabric in CAN/ULC-S109, “Standard for Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films”.