jswizzle3737/ontario_laws_and_regs huggingface dataset:
3.12.1.2. Definitions (1) In this Section Ancillary space means the rooms or spaces in the station used only by the transit agency to house or contain operating, maintenance or support equipment and functions, but does not include booths and kiosks used by the transit agency or service rooms. Central supervising station means the operations centre where the transit agency controls and co-ordinates the system-wide movement of passengers and vehicles and from which communication is maintained with supervisory and operating personnel of the transit agency and with participating agencies when required. Crush load means the total of the seating capacity and the standing capacity of a car where (a) the seating capacity is the number of seats in a car, and (b) the standing capacity is 0.2 m2 per person for the standing area which is measured 300 mm in front of the seats. Egress capacity means the number of people able to travel from or through a type of egress facility in a specified period of time. Entraining load means the number of passengers boarding the train at a station. Fare-paid area means that portion of a rapid transit station to which access is gained by a pass or by paying a fare. Fare-paid area control means the point where passengers enter or leave the fare-paid area. Link load means the number of passengers on board the train(s) travelling between two stations. Maximum calculated train load means the crush load per car multiplied by the maximum number of cars per train in the peak period. Peak direction means, for each route, the direction of train travel having the largest passenger flow volume based on the sum of the incoming link load plus the entraining load per peak hour. Protected route means that portion of a means of egress which starts at the point where passengers would not be vulnerable to exposure from a train fire and which leads to the exterior of the station or through an exit to an adjacent building. Public area means the public circulation areas in a rapid transit station providing pedestrian access to and from trains. Rapid transit station means a building or part of a building used for the purpose of loading and unloading passengers of a rapid transit system but does not include open air shelters at street level. Rapid transit system means an electrified transportation system, utilizing guidance methods involving positive mechanical contact with the fixed way operating on a right-of-way for the mass movement of passengers. 3.12.2.Construction Requirements
3.12.3.1. Application (1) Except as provided in this Subsection and Subsection 3.12.4., the requirements in Subsections 3.3.1. and 3.6.2. apply to a rapid transit station. (2) A door in a fire separation is permitted to be equipped with pivot hinges in conformance with Table 2-8A of NFPA 80, “Fire Doors and Windows”. (3) The requirements in Subsection 3.4.4. for fire separation of exits do not apply in a rapid transit station. (4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), the requirements in Sentence 3.4.6.15.(1) for doors to be readily opened from the inside apply to required exit doors in a rapid transit station. (5) Where a group of two or more doors serves as a single exit facility, only one door in the group is required to comply with Sentence 3.4.6.15.(1). (6) A door which is required to be readily opened in Sentence (4) or (5) shall have a sign attached to it (a) displaying the words EMERGENCY EXIT with the letters not less than 25 mm high, and (b) visible from the exit approach.
3.12.3.2. Booths and Kiosks (1) Booths and kiosks that are not more than 20 m2 in area and are used only by the transit agency for fare collection, dissemination of information or similar non-mercantile occupancies shall be of noncombustible construction and are not required to be separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation. (2) Booths and kiosks that are more than 20 m2 in area and are used only by the transit agency for fare collection, dissemination of information or similar non-mercantile occupancies shall be (a) sprinklered, and (b) separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation of noncombustible construction which is not required to have a fire-resistance rating. (3) A door acting as a closure in the fire separation in Sentence (2) is not required to be equipped with a self-closing device.
3.12.3.3. Service Rooms and Ancillary Spaces (1) An ancillary space in a rapid transit station shall be separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), a door opening from a service room onto a means of egress in a rapid transit station shall be located not less than 5 m from an escalator balustrade and from the top and bottom riser of a flight of stairs used as a means of egress from the rapid transit station. (3) The requirements in Sentence (2) do not apply where (a) the service room is sprinklered, or (b) there is a vestibule between the service room and the means of egress. (4) Where a door from a service room opens onto a means of egress less than 5 m wide (a) the service room shall be sprinklered, or (b) there shall be a vestibule between the service room and the means of egress.
3.12.3.4. Leased Areas (1) All leased areas within a rapid transit station shall be (a) sprinklered, and (b) separated from the remainder of the floor area by a fire separation of noncombustible construction which is not required to have a fire-resistance rating. (2) A door acting as a closure in the fire separation in Clause (1)(b) is not required to be equipped with a self-closing device. (3) Where leased areas are located on opposite sides of a means of egress, the width of the means of egress shall not be reduced to less than 5 m. (4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), where the leased area on any floor level exceeds 15% of the public area on that level, the public area shall be sprinklered. (5) In a rapid transit station which is erected entirely above the adjoining finished ground level and is a stand-alone building, where the leased area on any floor level exceeds 20% of the public area on that level, the public area shall be sprinklered. (6) In determining the leased area in Sentences (4) and (5), it is not necessary to include a leased area which is separated from the public area by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than (a) 2 h where the leased area contains a mercantile or medium hazard industrial occupancy, or (b) 1 h where the leased area contains any other occupancy. (7) A leased area is permitted on a platform level provided it is (a) located not less than 5 m from the platform edge, (b) located not less than 5 m from an egress facility, and (c) not located in a dead end portion of the platform.
3.12.3.5. Vehicle Terminal (1) Where an enclosed terminal serves vehicles powered by combustible fuels, and the terminal has direct access to a rapid transit station (a) the terminal shall be sprinklered, and (b) the terminal shall be separated from the rapid transit station (i) by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, or (ii) by wired glass assemblies conforming to the Supplementary Guidelines with wired glass doors equipped with self-closing devices. (2) Doors in the fire separation or in the wired glass assembly in Clause (1)(b) are not required to have latches where close spaced sprinkler protection is provided on the station side.
3.12.3.6. Access to Adjacent Building (1) Where an access is provided between a rapid transit station and an adjacent building, the station and the building shall be separated by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h. (2) The access in Sentence (1) shall be through a vestibule which is separated from the station and from the building (a) by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, or (b) by wired glass assemblies conforming to the Supplementary Guidelines with wired glass doors equipped with self-closing devices. (3) The vestibule doors in Sentence (2) are not required to be equipped with latches. (4) Close spaced sprinkler protection shall be provided on each side of all vestibule doors. (5) The vestibule shall not contain an occupancy. (6) Where an access is provided between a rapid transit station and an adjacent building, and the building is regulated by the provisions of Subsection 3.2.6. or 3.2.8., these provisions are not required in the rapid transit station.
3.12.3.7. Emergency Lighting (1) Emergency lighting shall be provided to average levels not less than 10 lx at floor or tread level in public areas in a rapid transit station. (2) An emergency power supply conforming to Subsection 3.2.7. shall be provided to maintain the emergency lighting required in Sentence (1) for a period of 30 min after a power failure. 3.12.4.Means of Egress
3.12.4.1. Occupant Load (1) The occupant load for public areas within a rapid transit station shall be (a) determined in conformance with this Subsection, and (b) based on peak hour patronage as projected for design of the transit system. (2) The platform occupant load for each platform in a rapid transit station shall be the greater of the a.m. or p.m. peak period loads calculated in accordance with Sentences (3) to (5). (3) The a.m. and the p.m. peak period occupant loads for each platform shall be based on the simultaneous evacuation of the entraining load and the link load for that platform. (4) The entraining load for each platform shall be the sum of the entraining loads for each track serving that platform and the entraining load for each track shall be based on the entraining load per train headway multiplied by (a) a factor of 1.3 to account for surges, and (b) in the peak direction for each route, an additional factor of 2 to account for a missed headway. (5) The link load for each platform shall be the sum of the link loads for each track serving that platform and, except as provided in Sentence (6), the link load for each track shall be based on the link load per train headway multiplied by (a) a factor of 1.3 to account for surges, and (b) in the peak direction for each route, an additional factor of 2 to account for a missed headway. (6) The maximum link load at each track shall be the maximum calculated train load.
3.12.4.2. General Requirements (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), escalators conforming to the requirements of Sentences 3.12.4.5.(3) and 3.12.4.6.(1) shall be acceptable as part of a required means of egress in a rapid transit station. (2) Escalators forming part of a required means of egress shall not comprise more than one-half of the required egress capacity from any one level. (3) Horizontal exits conforming to Sentence (4) may provide all of the required egress capacity from a rapid transit station. (4) Horizontal exits to any one building shall not comprise more than one half of the required egress capacity from any area within a rapid transit station. (5) A protected route shall be provided with emergency ventilation conforming to Subsection 3.12.7. (6) In an aboveground unenclosed station, the protected route is permitted to begin at the point of leaving the platform. (7) In an enclosed or underground station, the protection for the protected route shall consist of (a) a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, (b) construction having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, or (c) wired glass assemblies conforming to the Supplementary Guidelines.
3.12.4.3. Number and Location of Means of Egress (1) Each platform in a rapid transit station shall be served by not less than 2 means of egress which are independent of and remote from each other from the platform to the exterior of the station. (2) Where a continuous level walking surface is provided between two adjacent platforms, they may be considered as one platform for the purpose of conforming to this Subsection. (3) At the platform level, the distance separating the egress facilities in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be the greater of one car length or 25 m. (4) Except as required in Sentence (1), two or more means of egress are permitted to converge in conformance with Sentence 3.12.4.4.(6). (5) Means of egress from platforms shall be located so that the travel time from the most remote point on a platform to a protected route does not exceed 4 min based on travel speeds of (a) 38 m/min for horizontal travel, and (b) 21 m/min for vertical rise.
3.12.4.4. Egress Capacity (1) For a rapid transit station, the required aggregate egress capacity from each platform shall be determined by dividing the platform occupant load determined in accordance with Sentences 3.12.4.1.(2) to (6) by the required platform clearance time determined in accordance with Sentence (3). (2) Where 2 platforms are considered as 1 platform as provided in Sentence 3.12.4.3.(2), the required egress capacity for each platform shall be determined separately. (3) The required platform clearance time shall be 4 min less the travel time between the platform and the entry into the protected route based on travel speeds of (a) 38 m/min for horizontal travel, and (b) 21 m/min for vertical rise. (4) For each means of egress, the required egress capacity at the platform shall be maintained for the entire length of the means of egress. (5) Except as provided in Sentence (6), where 2 or more means of egress converge, the required egress capacity beyond that point shall be cumulative. (6) The egress capacity in Sentence (5) need not be cumulative after converging where it can be shown that the platform clearance time in Sentence (3) is not exceeded.
3.12.4.5. Width of Means of Egress (1) Except as otherwise required in this Subsection, the required width of means of egress serving platforms in a rapid transit station shall be determined based on (a) the required egress capacity determined in conformance with Article 3.12.4.4., and (b) the pedestrian flow rate for the type of means of egress facility listed in Table 3.12.4.5. Table 3.12.4.5. Pedestrian Flow Rates Forming Part of Sentence 3.12.4.5.(1)  Type of Egress Facility

Flow Rate, pedestrians   per minute

Flow Rate,   pedestrians per minute   per metre width


Platforms

N/A

80


Corridors

N/A

80


Doorways

N/A

80


Gates

N/A

80


Ramps not more than 4%

N/A

80


Ramps more than 4%

N/A

55(1)


Stairs

N/A

55(1)


Escalators moving in direction of egress travel, nominal width

 

 


 : 1 200 mm

100

N/A


 : 800 mm

80

N/A


 : 600 mm

60

N/A


Turnstiles, height of bar

 

 


 : not more than 900 mm

45

N/A


 : more than 900 mm

25

N/A


Column 1

2

3 Note to Table 3.12.4.5.: (1)Flow rate is applied vertically. (2) In calculating the required width of corridors and ramps with a grade of less than 4%, 300 mm at each sidewall shall be added to the width determined based on required egress capacity. (3) In calculating the required width of egress routes, one escalator at each level in a rapid transit station shall be deemed to be out of service and not available for egress purposes. (4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), the minimum width of means of egress facilities serving platforms shall be (a) 1 750 mm for corridors and ramps, (b) 1 750 mm for stairs, (c) 430 mm for turnstiles, (d) 500 mm for fare collection gates, (e) 600 mm nominal width for escalators, and (f) 900 mm for a door leaf. (5) A second means of egress as required by Sentence 3.12.4.3.(1) is permitted to be not less than 1 100 mm wide. (6) The minimum width of platforms shall be (a) 3.2 m for side platforms, and (b) 6.4 m for island platforms. (7) The minimum unobstructed width of platforms measured from the platform edge shall be 2.5 m.
3.12.4.6. Egress Facilities (1) Escalators forming part of a required means of egress shall (a) where equipped to run reverse to the direction of egress travel, be capable of being stopped remotely and locally, and (b) have a vertical rise not more than 12 m between floors or landings. (2) Where electrically operated gates or turnstiles used for fare collection are intended to be used as part of a required means of egress from a rapid transit station, provision shall be made to release the gates or turnstiles in accordance with Sentence (4) to allow them to operate freely in the direction of egress travel. (3) Where locked doors which prevent entry into a fare-paid area are to be used as part of a required means of egress from a rapid transit station, provision shall be made to release the doors in accordance with Sentence (4) to allow them to operate freely in the direction of egress travel. (4) The release device required in Sentences (2) and (3) shall be installed as an ancillary device to the fire alarm system and shall release immediately (a) upon activation of the fire alarm signal, (b) in the event of a power failure or ground fault, or (c) upon actuation of a manually operated switch accessible to authorized personnel and located in (i) a fare collector’s booth or kiosk at the station, or (ii) the central supervising station. (5) After release, the gates or turnstiles in Sentence (2) or the doors in Sentence (3) shall be capable of reactivation only by manual actuation of the switch in Clause (4)(c). 3.12.5.Fire Safety Provisions
3.12.5.1. Fire Alarm System (1) Except as provided in this Subsection, a fire alarm system conforming to Subsection 3.2.4. shall be installed in a rapid transit station.
3.12.5.2. Exceptions (1) Manual pull stations need not be installed in a rapid transit station. (2) Audible signal appliances need not be installed in a rapid transit station.
3.12.5.3. Fire Detectors (1) Except where the area is sprinklered, fire detectors shall be installed in every service room, ancillary space, leased space, booth and kiosk.
3.12.5.4. Central Supervising Station (1) Each rapid transit station shall be monitored by a central supervising station equipped in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 9 of NFPA-72, “Standard for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Protective Signaling Systems”.
3.12.5.5. Annunciators (1) An annunciator shall be installed (a) in a location that is readily accessible to firefighters entering the building, and (b) in the rapid transit station (i) in a designated collector’s booth, or (ii) within viewing distance of a designated collector’s booth.
3.12.5.6. Annunciator Indication (1) All fire alarm, fire detectors, valve switches and water flow indicator signals when activated in a rapid transit station shall be indicated on the annunciator at the station. (2) The annunciator at a rapid transit station shall be monitored simultaneously at the central supervising station. (3) Where a means of egress from a rapid transit station leads through an adjoining building, any alarm signal originating in the building within two storeys above a connection to the station shall (a) be indicated on the rapid transit station annunciator, and (b) cause a message to flash a warning on a sign located in conformance with Sentence (4), that the means of egress shall not be used as an exit from the station. (4) A sign required in Clause (3)(b) shall be located (a) at the doors from the rapid transit station to the adjoining building, and (b) in the means of egress to the adjoining building, at the last point where there is a choice of direction to travel to not less than one other exit.
3.12.5.7. Emergency Power (1) An emergency power supply conforming to Article 3.2.7.8. shall be provided for the fire alarm system.
3.12.5.8. Communication Systems (1) In a rapid transit station, a public address system shall be installed and shall include loudspeakers which (a) can be operated from the central supervising station, (b) can be operated from the rapid transit station in which they are located, and (c) designed and located so that voice messages can be heard intelligibly throughout the public area in a rapid transit station. (2) A 2-way communication system shall be installed in each rapid transit station with telephones located at (a) the collector’s booth, and (b) at each end of each platform. (3) The telephones in Sentence (2) shall be provided with connections to the central supervising station.
3.12.5.9. Emergency Reporting Devices (1) Emergency reporting devices shall be located on passenger platforms and throughout a rapid transit station such that the distance of travel from any point in the public area to such a device is not more than 90 m. (2) The emergency reporting devices required in Sentence (1) are permitted to be public telephones with an emergency no charge capability and their location shall be plainly indicated by appropriate signs.
3.12.5.10. Sprinkler Systems (1) Sprinkler systems shall conform with the requirements of Articles 3.2.5.13 to 3.2.5.16. (2) In addition to the requirements of Subsection 3.12.3. the steel truss enclosure of an escalator shall be sprinklered. (3) There shall be identification on a fire department connection for a sprinkler system in a rapid transit station to indicate that the connection is part of the station system.
3.12.5.11. Standpipe and Hose Systems (1) A standpipe and hose system conforming to the requirements of Subsection 3.2.9. shall be installed in a rapid transit station, except as otherwise required or permitted in this Article. (2) Where a rapid transit station includes more than one standpipe riser there shall be a cross-connection pipe having a diameter not less than 100 mm between each standpipe riser so that supplying of water through any fire department connection will furnish water throughout each riser. (3) There shall be identification on a fire department connection for a standpipe system in a rapid transit station to indicate that the connection is part of the station system. (4) Hose stations shall be located so that every portion of the rapid transit station can be reached by a hose stream and is within 3 m of a hose nozzle when the hose is extended. (5) In addition to the requirements in Sentence (4), hose stations shall be located in each tunnel not more than 20 m from the end of the platform. (6) The requirement for hose rack and fire hose in Sentence 3.2.9.3.(2) does not apply in a rapid transit station. (7) Each hose station shall have a 38 mm hose connection and a 65 mm hose connection. (8) All supply piping shall have a diameter not less than 100 mm. 3.12.6.Required Sanitary Facilities
3.12.6.1. Application (1) Except as provided in this Subsection, Subsection 3.7.4. applies to a rapid transit station.
3.12.6.2. Washrooms Required (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), a washroom for each sex, containing not less than 1 water closet and 1 lavatory, shall be provided in each rapid transit station for use by employees. (2) Where the number of employees in a rapid transit station is not more than 5, a washroom containing 1 water closet and 1 lavatory is permitted to be used by both sexes provided the door to the room can be locked from the inside. (3) Where a rapid transit station is not staffed during operating hours, a washroom is not required in the station. (4) In each rapid transit station located at the end of a line, a washroom for each sex, containing not less than 3 water closets and 2 lavatories, shall be provided for use by the public. 3.12.7.Emergency Ventilation
3.12.7.1. Application (1) Every rapid transit station shall be provided with an emergency ventilation system conforming to NFPA 130, “Fixed Guideway Transit Systems”. 3.12.8.Barrier-Free Design
3.12.8.1. Application (1) Except as provided in this Subsection, the requirements in Section 3.8. apply to rapid transit stations. (2) Not less than one barrier-free path of travel shall be provided from an entrance described in Article 3.8.1.2. (a) into the fare-paid area, and (b) to each platform.
3.12.8.2. Exception (1) Where an elevator is used to comply with the requirements of Article 3.3.1.7., the provisions of Clause 3.3.1.7.(1)(a) do not apply where the elevator system complies with Article 3.12.8.3.
3.12.8.3. Elevator Requirements (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the elevator in Article 3.12.8.2. shall be capable of providing transportation from each platform to an entrance described in Article 3.8.1.2. (2) Where it is necessary to change elevators to reach the entrance described in Sentence (1), the elevator system shall be designed so that not more than one change of elevator is required between (a) a platform and a fare-paid area control, and (b) the fare-paid area control and the entrance.
3.12.8.4. Emergency Operation of Elevators (1) Manual emergency recall operation shall be provided for all elevators. (2) Key-operated switches for emergency recall described in Sentence (1) shall be provided and shall be located on the outside of each elevator shaft at the level of the fare-paid area control. (3) In-car emergency service switches shall be provided in all elevator cars. (4) Keys to operate the switches required in Sentences (2) and (3) shall be located at (a) the annunciator required in Clause 3.12.5.5.(1)(a), and (b) the collector’s booth designated in Clause 3.12.5.5.(1)(b).
3.12.8.5. Washrooms Required to be Barrier-Free (1) A barrier-free path of travel shall be provided to the washrooms required in Article 3.12.6.2. (2) Where a washroom required in Sentence 3.12.6.2.(1) contains only 1 water closet and 1 lavatory, the washroom shall be designed in conformance with the requirements in Article 3.8.3.12. (3) Where a washroom required in Sentence 3.12.6.2.(1) contains more than 1 water closet, the washroom shall be designed in conformance with the requirements in Articles 3.8.3.8. to 3.8.3.11. (4) The washroom required in Sentence 3.12.6.2.(2) shall be designed in conformance with the requirements in Article 3.8.3.12. (5) The washrooms required in Sentence 3.12.6.2.(4) shall be designed in conformance with the requirements in Articles 3.8.3.8. to 3.8.3.11. Section 3.13.Tents and Air-Supported Structures 3.13.1.Tents
3.13.1.1. Application (1) Except as provided in this Subsection, tents are exempted from complying with the requirements of this Code.
3.13.1.2. General (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the requirements of this Subsection shall apply to all tents. (2) Articles 3.13.1.4., 3.13.1.5., 3.13.1.6. and 3.13.1.10. apply to tents that (a) do not exceed 225 m2 in ground area, (b) do not exceed 225 m2 in aggregate ground area and are closer than 3 m apart, (c) do not contain bleachers, and (d) are not enclosed with sidewalls.
3.13.1.3. Means of Egress (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), tents shall conform to Sections 3.3. and 3.4. (2) A tent need not conform to Article 3.4.6.11. except where swing type doors are provided. (3) Where the area between adjacent tents or a tent and the property line is used as a means of egress, the minimum width between stake lines shall be the width necessary for means of egress, but not less than 3 m.
3.13.1.4. Clearance to Other Structures (1) Tents shall not be erected closer than 3 m to the property line. (2) Except as provided in Sentences (3), (4) and (5), tents shall not be erected closer than 3 m to other tents or structures on the same property. (3) A walkway between a building and a tent occupied by the public is permitted provided (a) the tent is not closer than 3 m from the building, and (b) the walkway conforms to Article 3.1.3.18. (4) Tents not occupied by the public need not be separated from one another, and are permitted to be erected less than 3 m from other structures on the same property, where such closer spacing does not create a hazard to the public. (5) Tents located on fair grounds or similar open spaces, need not be separated from one another provided such closer spacing does not create a hazard to the public.
3.13.1.5. Clearances to Flammable Material (1) The ground enclosed by a tent and for not less than 3 m outside of such structure shall be cleared of all flammable or combustible material or vegetation that will carry fire.
3.13.1.6. Flame Resistance (1) Every tent, and tarpaulins, decorative materials, fabrics and films used in connection with tents, shall be certified to CAN/ULC S-109-M, “Standard for Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films”, or NFPA 701 “Standard Method of Fire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textiles and Films”.
3.13.1.7. Design of Framing and Supports (1) The supporting framing structure and anchorage system for tents shall be designed and reviewed by a professional engineer.
3.13.1.8. Bleachers (1) Where bleachers are provided in tents, they shall be designed in conformance with Articles 3.3.2.8., 3.3.2.10., 4.1.6.11., and 4.1.10.6.
3.13.1.9. Sanitary Facilities (1) Except as provided in Sentence (3), the minimum number of water closets for tents shall be determined in accordance with Table 3.7.4.3.E. (2) Article 3.7.4.16. applies to sanitary facilities in Sentence (1). (3) Sanitary privies, chemical closets or other means for the disposal of human waste may be provided in lieu of toilet fixtures.
3.13.1.10. Provision for Fire-fighting (1) Access shall be provided to all tents for the purpose of fire-fighting. 3.13.2.Air-Supported Structures
3.13.2.1. Application (1) Except as provided in this Subsection, the requirements of the Code apply to air-supported structures.
3.13.2.2. General (1) Air-supported structures shall not be used for Groups B, C, or Group F, Division 1 major occupancies or for classrooms. (2) Except where no fire separation is required between major occupancies, air-supported structures shall contain not more than one major occupancy. (3) Except as provided in Sentence (5), air-supported structures are exempt from complying with Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.83., except for maximum building size. (4) Air-supported structures may be designed with interior walls, mezzanines, or similar construction. (5) Interior construction contained within air-supported structures must meet the construction requirements of Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.83.
3.13.2.3. Spatial Separation (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2), (3) and (4), air-supported structures shall not be erected closer than 3 m to other structures on the same property or to the property line. (2) Air-supported structures not occupied by the public need not be separated from one another, and are permitted to be erected closer than 3 m from other structures on the same property where such closer spacing does not create a hazard to the building occupants or the public. (3) Except as provided in Sentence (4), an air-supported structure is permitted to be attached to another building provided the building to which it is attached (a) conforms to the requirements of other Parts of the Code based on the total building areas of the air-supported structure and the attached building, (b) is sprinklered, and (c) is separated from the air-supported structure by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h. (4) An air-supported structure is permitted to be attached to another building provided the building to which it is attached (a) has a building area not more than 200 m2, (b) conforms to the requirements of other Parts of the Code based on the building area of the attached building, and (c) is sprinklered or separated from the air-supported structure by a fire separation having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1 h.
3.13.2.4. Clearances to Flammable Material (1) The ground enclosed by an air-supported structure and for not less than 3 m outside of such structure shall be clear of all flammable or combustible material or vegetation that will carry fire.
3.13.2.5. Flame Resistance (1) Air-supported structures shall be constructed of material conforming to CAN/ULC S-109-M, “Standard for Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films”, or NFPA 701, “Standard Method of Fire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textiles and Films”. (2) Materials for fabrics used in connection with air-supported structures are exempt from compliance with the requirements for flame-spread ratings for interior finishes in Subsection 3.1.13.
3.13.2.6. Emergency Air Supply (1) An air-supported structure designed for an assembly occupancy with an occupant load of more than 200 persons shall have either an automatic emergency engine-generator set capable of powering one blower continuously for 4 h, or a supplementary blower powered by an automatic internal combustion engine. Section 3.14.Signs 3.14.1.Scope
3.14.1.1. Application (1) Except as provided otherwise in Article 3.14.1.2. this Section shall apply to the erection of all signs.
3.14.1.2. Exceptions (1) The following signs shall not be subject to the provisions of this Section (a) signs for regulating traffic or similar devices, legal notices or warnings at railroad crossings, (b) signs in display windows including writing, representation, painting or lettering directly on the surface of any window or door, or other signs not affixed to the building interior, (c) small signs displayed for the direction of the public including signs which identify rest rooms, freight entrances and such other similar directional signs, (d) signs painted directly on a building, and (e) incidental signs or other signs subject to municipal approval. 3.14.2.Alterations
3.14.2.1. Exceptions for Alterations (1) The changing of movable parts of signs that are designed for changes, or the repainting of display matter shall not be deemed to be alterations. 3.14.3.Structural Requirements
3.14.3.1. Structural Design (1) Except as provided herein, all sign structures shall be designed in accordance with Part 4.
3.14.3.2. Professional Design (1) A sign structure shall be designed by an architect or professional engineer where it is (a) a ground sign which exceeds 7.5 m in height above the adjacent finished ground, (b) a projecting sign which weighs more than 115 kg, or (c) a roof sign that has any face that is more than 10 m2. (2) A projecting sign shall not be attached or fastened in any manner to a parapet wall unless designed by an architect or professional engineer. 3.14.4.Plastic Sign Facing Materials
3.14.4.1. Combustible Sign Faces (1) Plastic materials used in the construction of sign faces shall (a) have an average burning rate not greater than 65 mm/min in sheets 1.5 mm thick when tested in accordance with ASTM D635, “Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Self-supporting Plastics in a Horizontal Position”, (b) have an average burning rate not greater than 140 mm/min when tested in accordance with ASTM D568, “Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Flexible Plastics in a Vertical Position”, and (c) have a measurement of material thickness in accordance with Method B-Machinists’ Micrometer Without Ratchet of ASTM D374, “Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation”. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), where the exterior cladding of a wall is required to be noncombustible, a plastic sign face or a group of contiguous plastic sign faces may be placed over such cladding provided each such sign face or group of contiguous sign faces (a) does not exceed 30% of the wall area of the storey on which it is installed, (b) does not exceed 15 m2 in area or 1 200 mm in height at each storey, and (c) when located above the first storey, is vertically separated from other plastic sign faces by 1 200 mm of noncombustible construction unless separated by a horizontal noncombustible projection such as a canopy, extending the full width of, and projecting at least 900 mm beyond the exterior sign face. (3) Where a plastic exterior sign is mounted as a face on a metal sign box that is at least 200 mm in depth, the requirements of Sentence (2) need not apply provided the sign box is mounted on a noncombustible exterior wall. (4) Notwithstanding the requirements of Sentence (5), the plastic portion of an interior sign placed over or forming part of an interior wall surface in corridors, covered or enclosed walkways at or above grade in buildings shall (a) not exceed 15% of the wall area in, or over which it may be installed, (b) be supported by a device that will not detrimentally affect the fire-resistance rating of the interior wall to which it is attached or of which it may form a part, and encase the edges of the plastic sign face in metal, (c) not be positioned or sized in such a manner that it is less than 600 mm from the vertical line separating two adjacent premises, (d) be placed so that there is at least 600 mm vertical separation of noncombustible material between the top of the plastic sign surface and the ceiling surface, (e) be permitted to have an increase of 100% in area required in Clause (a) and a decrease of 50% of the separation distances required in Clauses (c) and (d) if the area is sprinklered, and (f) not have a flame-spreading rating above 250. (5) Signs in exits and underground walkways shall have a flame-spread rating not more than 25. 3.14.5.Location Restrictions
3.14.5.1. Obstructions not Permitted (1) No sign shall be located so as to obstruct openings required for light and ventilation, any required means of egress or required access for fire-fighting in accordance with Sentence 3.2.5.4.(2).
3.14.5.2. Clearance for Exterior Signs (1) No exterior sign shall be erected overhanging a sidewalk or other pedestrian walkway unless the vertical distance, measured from the bottom of the overhanging portion of the sign to the surface of the sidewalk, is at least 2 400 mm. (2) Except as provided hereinafter, no sign face shall be erected within 600 mm of the vehicular travelled portion of a private lane or roadway, or of a motor vehicle parking area unless the minimum vertical distance between grade and the bottom of the overhanging sign face is at least 4.25 m. (3) Where the height of all vehicles using any private road or parking area is permanently restricted, the vertical distance in Sentence (2) may be reduced to the amount of the actual height restriction, for as long as the said height restriction is in existence on the premises. Section 3.15.Additional Requirements for Change of Use 3.15.1.Scope
3.15.1.1. Application  (1) This Section applies where proposed construction in respect of an existing building will result in the following changes of use of all or part of the building (a) a change of the major occupancy of all or part of a building that is designated with a “Y” in Table 2.4.1.1., (b) a suite of a Group C major occupancy is converted into more than one suite of Group C major occupancy, (c) a farm building or part of a farm building is changed to a major occupancy, or (d) the use of a building or part of a building is changed and the previous major occupancy of the building or part of the building cannot be determined. (2) For the purposes of this Section and Sentences 11.4.2.1(1) and 11.4.2.5.(4), the changes of use set out in Clauses (1)(b) to (d) shall also be deemed to constitute a change in major occupancy. (3) The requirements of this Section are in addition to the requirements of other Parts of the Code as they apply to the proposed construction. 3.15.2.Additional Construction
3.15.2.1. Change of Use and Compensating Construction (1) Where proposed construction will result in a change of use described in Clauses 3.15.1.1.(1)(a) to (d), additional construction shall be required in order that the building or part of a building subject to the change of use conforms to the requirements of Subsection 3.2.6. and Sections 3.7., 3.11. and 3.11A. as they apply to the new major occupancy that the building or part of a building is to support. (2) For the purposes of this Article, existing buildings shall be classified as to their construction and occupancy as provided for in Sentence 11.2.1.1.(1).
3.15.2.2. Performance Level and Compensating Construction (1) The performance level of a building after construction shall not be less than the performance level of the building prior to construction. (2) For the purposes of Sentence (1), reduction of performance level shall be determined in accordance with Articles 11.4.2.1, 11.4.2.3. and 11.4.2.5. (3) Where the proposed construction would reduce the performance level of an existing building, compensating construction shall be required in conformance with Articles 11.4.3.1., 11.4.3.2, 11.4.3.4. and 11.4.3.6. (4) Section 11.5. applies in respect of the requirements of Sentences 11.4.3.4.(1), (3) and (4). O. Reg. 403/97, Part 3; O. Reg. 22/98, ss. 10-16; O. Reg. 102/98, ss. 1, 2; O. Reg. 152/99, ss. 1, 2; O. Reg. 278/99, ss. 3, 4; O. Reg. 593/99, ss. 2, 3; O. Reg. 205/00, ss. 3, 4; O. Reg. 220/02, ss. 4-7; O. Reg. 23/04, ss. 1, 2; O. Reg. 349/06, ss. 4-12. PART 4   STRUCTURAL DESIGN  Section

4.1.

Structural Loads and Procedures


 

4.1.1.

General


 

4.1.2.

Specified Loads and Effects


 

4.1.3.

Limit States Design


 

4.1.4.

Working Stress Design


 

4.1.5.

Dead Loads


 

4.1.6.

Live Loads Due to Use and Occupancy


 

4.1.7.

Live Loads Due to Snow, Ice and Rain


 

4.1.8.

Live Loads Due to Wind


 

4.1.9.

Live Loads Due to Earthquakes


 

4.1.10.

Other Effects


 

 

 


Section

4.2.

Foundations


 

4.2.1.

General


 

4.2.2.

Subsurface Investigations and Reviews


 

4.2.3.

Materials Used in Foundations


 

4.2.4.

Design Requirements


 

4.2.5.

Excavations


 

4.2.6.

Shallow Foundations


 

4.2.7.

Deep Foundations


 

4.2.8.

Special Foundations


 

 

 


Section

4.3.

Design Requirements for Structural Materials


 

4.3.1.

Wood


 

4.3.2.

Plain and Reinforced Masonry


 

4.3.3.

Plain, Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete


 

4.3.4.

Steel


 

4.3.5.

Aluminum


 

4.3.6.

Glass


 

 

 


Section

4.4.

Design Requirements for Special Structures


 

4.4.1.

Air-Supported Structures


 

4.4.2.

Parking Structures


 

4.4.3.

Guards Over Retaining Walls PART 4   STRUCTURAL DESIGN Section 4.1.Structural Loads and Procedures 4.1.1.General
4.1.1.1. Scope (1) The scope of this Part shall be as described in Section 2.1.
4.1.1.2. Definitions (1) Reserved
4.1.1.3. Design Requirements (1) Buildings and their structural members including formwork and falsework shall be designed to have sufficient structural capacity and structural integrity to resist safely and effectively all loads and effects of loads and influences that may reasonably be expected, having regard to the expected service life of buildings, and shall in any case satisfy the requirements of this Section. (2) All permanent and temporary structural members, including formwork and falsework of a building, shall be protected against loads exceeding the specified loads during the construction period except when, as verified by analysis or test, temporary overloading of a structural member would result in no impairment of that member or any other member. (3) Reserved (4) Precautions shall be taken during all stages of construction to ensure that the building is not damaged or distorted due to loads applied during construction.
4.1.1.4. Design Basis (1) Buildings and their structural members shall be designed by one of the following methods: (a) standard design procedures and practices provided by this Part and any standards and specifications referred to therein, except in cases of conflict the provisions of the building code shall govern, or (b) one of the following three bases of design: (i) analysis based on generally established theory, (ii) evaluation of a given full-scale structure or a prototype by a loading test, (iii) studies of model analogues, provided the design is carried out by a person qualified in the specific method applied and provided the design ensures a level of safety and performance at least equivalent to that provided for or implicit in design carried out by the methods referred to in Clause (a). (2) Communications towers, dish antennas and their supporting structures shall conform to CAN/CSA-S37-M, “Antennas, Towers, and Antenna Supporting Structures”.
4.1.1.5. Deflections (1) In proportioning structural members to limit deflection, consideration shall be given to (a) the intended use of the building or member, (b) limiting damage to non-structural members and materials whose physical properties are known at the time of the design, (c) limiting damage to the structure itself, and (d) creep, shrinkage and temperature. (2) Sway effects produced by vertical loads acting on the structure in its displaced configuration shall be taken into account in the design of buildings and their structural members. (3) The lateral deflection of buildings due to design wind and gravity loads shall be checked to ensure that nonstructural elements whose nature is known at the time the structural design is carried out will not be damaged. (4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), the total drift per storey under specified wind and gravity loads shall not exceed 1/500 of the storey height unless other drift limits are specified in the design standards referenced in Section 4.3. (5) The deflection limits required in Sentence (4) do not apply to industrial buildings or sheds if it is known by experience that greater movement will have no significantly adverse effect on the strength and function of the building.
4.1.1.6. Vibrations (1) Floor systems susceptible to vibrations shall be designed so that there will be no significantly adverse effects on the intended occupancy of the building from vibrations. (2) Unusually flexible buildings and buildings whose ratio of height to minimum effective width exceeds 4 to 1 shall be designed so that there will be no significant adverse effects on the intended occupancy of the building from vibrations under dynamic wind load.
4.1.1.7. Stability (1) Provision shall be made to ensure adequate stability of a structure as a whole, and adequate lateral, torsional and local stability of all structural parts.
4.1.1.8. Reserved 4.1.2.Specified Loads and Effects
4.1.2.1. Loads, Forces and Effects (1) Except as provided for in Article 4.1.2.2., the following specified loads, forces and effects shall be considered in the design of a building and its structural members and connections: D - dead loads as provided for in Subsection 4.1.5., E - live load due to earthquake as specified in Subsection 4.1.9., L - live load due to static or inertia forces arising from intended use and occupancy (includes vertical loads due to cranes); snow, ice and rain; earth and hydrostatic pressure, T - effects due to contraction or expansion caused by temperature changes, shrinkage, moisture changes, creep in component materials, movement due to differential settlement or combination thereof, W - live load due to wind as specified in Subsection 4.1.8. (2) Minimum specified values of these loads, as set forth in Subsections 4.1.5. to 4.1.10., shall be increased to account for dynamic effects where applicable.
4.1.2.2. Loads Not Listed (1) Where a building or structural member can be expected to be subjected to loads, forces or other effects not listed in Article 4.1.2.1., such effects shall be taken into account in the design based on the most appropriate information available. (2) If it can be shown by engineering principles, or if it is known from experience, that neglect of some or all of the effects due to T do not affect the structural safety and serviceability, they need not be considered in the calculations.
4.1.2.3. Structural Design (1) Structural design shall be carried out in accordance with Subsection 4.1.4., Working Stress Design or Subsection 4.1.3., Limit States Design. 4.1.3.Limit States Design