3.2.3.1. Limiting Distance and Area of Unprotected Openings (1) Except as permitted by Articles 3.2.3.9. to 3.2.3.11., the area of unprotected openings in an exposing building face for the applicable limiting distance shall be not more than the value determined in accordance with (a) Table 3.2.3.1.A. or Table 3.2.3.1.B. for an exposing building face conforming to Article 3.2.3.2. of a building or fire compartment which is not sprinklered, or (b) Table 3.2.3.1.C. or Table 3.2.3.1.D. for an exposing building face conforming to Article 3.2.3.2. of a sprinklered fire compartment that is part of a building which is sprinklered in conformance with Section 3.2. (2) The area of the unprotected openings in an exposing building face shall be the aggregate area of unprotected openings expressed as a percentage of the area of the exposing building face in Table 3.2.3.1.A., Table 3.2.3.1.B., Table 3.2.3.1.C. or Table 3.2.3.1.D. (3) For the purpose of determining the type of construction and cladding and the fire-resistance rating of an exterior wall (a) the exposing building face shall be taken as the projection of the exterior wall onto a vertical plane located so that no portion of the exterior wall of the building or of a fire compartment, if the fire compartment complies with the requirements of Sentences 3.2.3.2.(2), (4) or (6), is between the vertical plane and the line to which the limiting distance is measured, and (b) the area of unprotected openings shall be determined from Table 3.2.3.1.A., Table 3.2.3.1.B., Table 3.2.3.1.C. or Table 3.2.3.1.D. Table 3.2.3.1.A. Unprotected Opening Limits for a Building or Fire Compartment that is not Sprinklered Forming Part of Article 3.2.3.1.  Exposing Building Face

Area of Unprotected Openings for Groups A, C, D, and F, Division 3 Occupancies,  %


Maximum Area, m2

Ratio
(L/H or H/L)(1)

Limiting Distance, m


0

1.2

1.5

2.0

2.5

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

16

18

20

25

30

35

40

45

50


10

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

8
8
11

10
12
18

18
21
32

29
33
48

46
50
68

91
96
100

100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


15

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
8
10

9
10
15

14
17
26

22
25
39

33
37
53

63
67
87

100
100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


20

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
8
9

9
10
14

12
15
23

18
21
33

26
30
45

49
53
72

81
85
100

100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


25

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
8
9

8
9
13

11
13
21

16
19
30

23
26
39

41
45
62

66
70
90

98
100
100

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


30

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
7
8

8
9
12

11
12
19

15
17
27

20
23
36

35
39
56

56
61
79

83
88
100

100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


40

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
7
8

8
8
11

10
11
17

13
15
24

17
20
31

28
32
47

44
48
66

64
69
88

89
93
100

100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


50

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
7
8

8
8
10

9
10
15

12
14
21

15
18
28

24
28
41

37
41
57

53
57
76

72
77
97

96
100
100

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


60

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
7
8

8
8
10

9
10
14

11
13
20

14
16
25

21
25
38

32
36
51

45
49
67

62
66
85

81
85
100

100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


80

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
7
8

7
8
9

8
9
13

10
11
17

12
14
22

18
21
32

26
29
44

36
40
56

48
52
70

62
67
86

79
84
100

98
100

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


100

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
7
7

7
8
9

8
9
12

9
11
16

11
13
20

16
18
29

22
25
39

30
34
49

40
44
61

51
56
74

65
69
89

80
84
100

97
100

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


150

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
7
7

7
7
8

8
8
11

9
10
13

10
11
17

13
15
24

17
20
31

22
26
39

29
33
48

37
41
57

46
50
68

56
60
79

67
71
91

79
84
100

93
97

100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


250

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
7
7

7
7
8

7
8
9

8
9
11

9
10
14

10
12
19

13
15
24

16
19
30

20
24
36

25
28
43

30
34
50

36
40
57

43
47
65

51
55
73

59
63
82

68
72
92

87
92
100

100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


350

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
7
7

7
7
8

7
8
9

8
8
10

8
9
12

9
11
16

11
13
21

14
16
25

16
19
30

20
23
36

24
27
41

28
32
47

33
37
53

38
42
59

44
48
66

50
55
73

64
69
88

81
85
100

99
100

100

 

 

 

 

 


500

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
7
7

7
7
7

7
7
8

7
8
9

8
8
11

9
10
14

10
12
18

12
14
22

14
16
25

16
19
30

19
22
34

22
25
38

25
29
43

29
33
48

33
37
53

37
41
58

47
52
70

59
63
82

71
76
96

100
100
100

 

 

 

 

 


1 000

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
7
7

7
7
7

7
7
8

7
7
8

7
8
9

8
9
11

9
10
13

9
11
16

10
12
19

12
24
21

13
15
24

14
17
27

16
19
30

18
21
33

20
23
36

22
26
39

27
31
46

33
37
53

39
43
60

58
63
82

82
86
100

100
100

 

 

 


2 000

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

7
7
7

7
7
7

7
7
7

7
7
8

7
7
8

7
8
9

8
8
11

 8
 9
12

9
10
14

9
11
16

10
12
18

11
13
19

12
14
21

13
15
23

14
16
25

15
17
27

17
20
32

20
23
36

23
27
40

33
37
53

44
49
66

58
63
82

74
79
99

93
97
100

100
100 Note to Table 3.2.3.1.A.: (1)Apply whichever is greater, L = Length of exposing building face, H = Height of exposing building face Table 3.2.3.1.B. Unprotected Opening Limits for a Building or Fire Compartment that is not Sprinklered Forming Part of Article 3.2.3.1.  Exposing Building Face

Area of Unprotected Openings for Groups E and F, Division 1 and 2 Occupancies,  %


Maximum Area, m2

Ratio   (L/H or H/L)(1)

Limiting Distance, m


0

1.2

1.5

2.0

2.5

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

16

18

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70


10

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
5

5
6
9

9
10
16

15
17
24

23
25
34

46
48
58

77
79
91

100
100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


15

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
5

5
5
8

7
8
13

11
13
19

16
18
26

32
34
43

53
55
66

79
82
93

100
100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


20

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
5

4
5
7

6
7
11

9
11
17

13
15
22

25
27
36

40
43
53

61
63
74

85
87
99

100
100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


25

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
4

4
5
6

6
7
10

8
9
15

11
13
20

20
22
31

33
35
45

49
51
62

69
71
82

92
94
100

100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


30

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
4

4
4
6

5
6
10

7
9
14

10
12
18

18
20
28

28
30
40

42
44
54

58
60
71

77
80
91

100
100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


40

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
4

4
4
5

5
6
8

6
8
12

8
10
15

14
16
23

22
24
33

32
34
44

44
47
57

59
61
72

76
78
89

94
97
100

100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


50

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
4

4
4
5

5
5
8

6
7
11

7
9
14

12
14
21

18
20
29

26
29
38

36
38
48

48
50
61

61
63
74

76
79
90

93
95
100

100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


60

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
4

4
4
5

4
5
7

5
6
10

7
8
13

11
12
19

16
18
26

23
25
34

31
33
43

40
43
53

52
54
64

64
66
77

78
81
92

94
96
100

100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


80

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
4

4
4
5

4
5
6

5
6
9

6
7
11

9
10
16

13
15
22

18
20
28

24
26
35

31
33
43

40
42
52

49
51
62

60
62
73

71
74
85

84
86
98

98
100
100

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


100

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
6

5
5
8

5
6
10

8
9
14

11
13
19

15
17
25

20
22
31

26
28
37

32
35
44

40
42
52

48
51
61

58
60
71

68
70
81

79
81
92

100
100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


150

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
5

4
5
7

5
6
8

6
8
12

8
10
16

11
13
20

14
16
24

18
20
29

23
25
34

28
30
39

33
36
46

40
42
52

46
49
59

54
56
67

70
73
84

89
92
100

100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


250

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
5

4
4
6

4
5
7

5
6
9

7
8
12

8
10
15

10
12
18

12
14
21

15
17
25

18
20
28

22
24
32

25
27
37

29
32
41

34
36
46

44
46
56

55
57
68

68
70
81

100
100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


350

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
5

4
4
6

5
5
8

6
7
10

7
8
13

8
10
15

10
12
18

12
14
21

14
16
23

16
18
26

19
21
30

22
24
33

25
27
36

32
34
44

40
43
53

49
52
62

77
79
90

100
100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


500

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
5

4
4
5

4
5
7

5
6
9

6
7
11

7
8
13

8
9
15

 9
11
17

11
13
19

13
14
21

14
16
24

16
18
26

19
21
29

24
26
35

29
31
41

36
38
48

55
57
68

78
80
92

100
100
100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


1 000

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
5

4
4
6

4
5
7

5
5
8

5
6
9

6
7
11

6
8
12

 7
 9
13

8
10
15

9
11
16

10
12
18

11
13
20

14
15
23

16
18
26

20
22
30

29
31
41

41
43
53

55
57
68

71
73
84

89
91
100

100
100

 

 

 

 


2 000

Less than 3:1
3:1 to 10:1
over 10:1

0
0
0

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
4

4
4
5

4
4
5

4
5
6

4
5
7

5
5
8

5
6
9

5
6
10

6
7
11

6
7
12

7
8
13

7
9
14

9
10
16

10
12
18

12
13
20

16
18
26

22
24
33

29
31
41

37
39
50

46
49
59

56
59
70

68
70
81

80
83
94

94
96
100

100
100 Note to Table 3.2.3.1.B.: (1)Apply whichever is greater, L = Length of exposing building face, H = Height of exposing building face Table 3.2.3.1.C. Unprotected Opening Limits for a Building or Fire Compartment that is Sprinklered Forming Part of Article 3.2.3.1.  Exposing Building Face

Area of Unprotected Opening for Groups A, B, C, D and F, Division 3, Occupancies, %


Maximum Area,   m2

Limiting Distance, m


0

1.2

1.5

2.0

2.5

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


10

0

16

24

42

66

100

 

 

 

 

 

 


15

0

16

20

34

50

74

100

 

 

 

 

 


20

0

16

20

30

42

60

100

 

 

 

 

 


25

0

16

18

26

38

52

90

100

 

 

 

 


30

0

14

18

24

34

46

78

100

 

 

 

 


40

0

14

16

22

30

40

64

96

100

 

 

 


50

0

14

16

20

28

36

56

82

100

 

 

 


60

0

14

16

20

26

32

50

72

98

100

 

 


80

0

14

16

18

22

28

42

58

80

100

 

 


100

0

14

16

18

22

26

36

50

68

88

100

 


150 or more

0

14

14

16

20

22

30

40

52

66

82

100 Table 3.2.3.1.D. Unprotected Opening Limits for a Building or Fire Compartment that is Sprinklered Forming Part of Article 3.2.3.1.  Exposing Building Face

Area of Unprotected Opening for Groups E and F, Division 1 and 2, Occupancies, %


Maximum Area,   m2

Limiting Distance, m


0

1.2

1.5

2.0

2.5

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15


10

0

10

12

20

34

15

96

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


15

0

8

10

16

26

36

68

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


20

0

8

10

14

22

30

54

86

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


25

0

8

10

14

18

26

44

70

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


30

0

8

8

12

18

24

40

60

88

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


40

0

8

8

12

16

20

32

48

68

94

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


50

0

8

8

10

14

18

28

40

58

76

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


60

0

8

8

10

12

16

24

36

50

66

86

100

 

 

 

 

 

 


80

0

8

8

10

12

14

20

30

40

52

66

84

100

 

 

 

 

 


100

0

8

8

8

10

12

18

26

34

44

56

70

84

100

 

 

 

 


150

0

8

8

8

10

12

16

20

26

32

40

50

60

72

84

98

100

 


200 or more

0

8

8

8

8

10

14

18

22

28

34

42

50

60

68

80

92

100 (4) For the purpose of determining the actual percentage of unprotected openings permitted in an exterior wall, the location of the exposing building face is permitted to be taken at a vertical plane located so that there are no unprotected openings between the vertical plane and the line to which the limiting distance is measured. (5) If a building has any storey that is not sprinklered and fire fighting facilities cannot reach it within 10 min of the alarm being received, the required limiting distance shall be doubled. (6) If the surface temperature on the unexposed surface of a wall assembly exceeds the temperature limit of a standard fire test as permitted by Article 3.1.7.2., an allowance shall be made for the radiation from the hot unexposed wall surface by adding an equivalent area of unprotected opening to the area of actual openings as follows:  where  Ac

=

corrected area of unprotected openings including actual and equivalent openings,


A

=

actual area of unprotected openings,


AF

=

area of exterior surface of the exposing building face exclusive of openings on which the temperature limit of the standard test is exceeded, and


FEO

=

an equivalent opening factor derived from the following expression:  where  Tu

=

average temperature in degrees Celsius of the unexposed wall surface at the time the required fire-resistance rating is reached under test conditions,


Te

=

892°C for a fire-resistance rating not less than 45 min, 927°C for a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 h, and 1 010°C for a fire-resistance rating not less than 2 h. (7) Unless a closure used to protect an opening in an exposing building face has a protective performance equivalent to that required for the wall assembly in which it is located, an equivalent area of unprotected opening, determined in accordance with the procedures of Sentence (6) shall be added to the greater of (a) the actual area of unprotected openings, or (b) the corrected area of unprotected openings. (8) The required limiting distance for an exposing building face is permitted to be measured to a point beyond the property line that is not the centre line of a street, lane or public thoroughfare if (a) the owners of the properties on which the limiting distance is measured and the municipality enter into an agreement in which such owners agree that (i) each owner covenants that, for the benefit of land owned by the other covenantors, the owner will not construct a building on his or her property unless the limiting distance for exposing building faces in respect of the proposed construction is measured in accordance with the agreement, (ii) the covenants contained in the agreement are intended to run with the lands, and the agreement shall be binding on the parties and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, (iii) the agreement shall not be amended or deleted from title without the consent of the municipality, and (iv) they will comply with such other conditions as the municipality considers necessary, including indemnification of the municipality by the other parties, and (b) the agreement referred to in Clause (a) is registered against the title of the properties to which it applies. (9) Where an agreement referred to in Sentence (8) is registered against the title of a property, the limiting distance for exposing building faces shall be measured to the point referred to in the agreement.