jswizzle3737/ontario_laws_and_regs huggingface dataset:
9.10.18.2. Location of Smoke Alarms (1) Within dwelling units, sufficient smoke alarms shall be installed so that (a) there is at least one smoke alarm on each floor level, including basements, that is 900 mm or more above or below an adjacent floor level, (b) each bedroom is protected by a smoke alarm either inside the bedroom or, if outside, within 5 m, measured following corridors and doorways, of the bedroom door, and (c) the distance, measured following corridors and doorways, from any point on a floor level to a smoke alarm on the same level does not exceed 15 m. (2) Smoke alarms required in Article 9.10.18.1. and Sentence (1) shall be installed on or near the ceiling. (3) Smoke alarms required in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be audible within the bedrooms when the intervening doors are closed. (4) Smoke alarms required in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be installed in conformance with the manufacturers instructions.
9.10.18.3. Power Supply (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), smoke alarms shall be installed by permanent connections to an electrical circuit and shall have no disconnect switch between the overcurrent circuit device and the smoke alarm. (2) Where the building is not supplied with electrical power, smoke alarms are permitted to be battery operated.
9.10.18.4. Interconnection of Smoke Alarms (1) Where more than one smoke alarm is required in a dwelling unit, the smoke alarms shall be wired so that the activation of one alarm will cause all alarms within the dwelling unit to sound.
9.10.18.5. Instructions for Maintenance and Repair (1) Where instructions are necessary to describe the maintenance and care required for smoke alarms to ensure continuing satisfactory performance, they shall be posted in a location where they will be readily available to the occupants for reference.
9.10.18.6. Silencing of Alarm Noise (1) A manually operated device is permitted to be incorporated within the circuitry of a smoke alarm installed in a dwelling unit so that it will silence the signal emitted by the smoke alarm for a period of not more than 10 min, after which the smoke alarm will reset and again sound the alarm if the level of smoke in the vicinity is sufficient to reactuate the smoke alarm. 9.10.19.Fire-fighting
9.10.19.1. Windows or Access Panels Required (1) Except as provided in Sentence (3), a window or access panel providing an opening not less than 1 100 mm high and 550 mm wide and having a sill height of not more than 900 mm above the floor shall be provided on the second and third storeys of every building in at least one wall facing on a street if such storeys are not sprinklered. (2) Access panels required in Sentence (1) shall be readily openable from both inside and outside or be glazed with plain glass. (3) Access panels required in Sentence (1) need not be provided in buildings containing only dwelling units where there is no dwelling unit above another dwelling unit.
9.10.19.2. Access to Basements (1) Except in basements serving not more than one dwelling unit, each unsprinklered basement exceeding 25 m in length or width shall be provided with direct access to the outdoors to not less than one street. (2) Access required in Sentence (1) is permitted to be provided by a door, window or other means that provides an opening not less than 1 100 mm high and 550 mm wide, the sill height of which shall not be more than 900 mm above the floor. (3) Access required in Sentence (1) is also permitted to be provided by an interior stair accessible from the outdoors.
9.10.19.3. Fire Department Access to Buildings (1) Access for fire department equipment shall be provided to each building by means of a street, private roadway or yard. (2) Where access to a building as required in Sentence (1) is provided by means of a roadway or yard, the design and location of such roadway or yard shall take into account connection with public thoroughfares, weight of fire fighting equipment, width of roadway, radius of curves, overhead clearance, location of fire hydrants, location of fire department connections and vehicular parking.
9.10.19.4. Portable Extinguishers (1) Portable extinguishers shall be installed in all buildings, except within dwelling units, in conformance with the provisions of the Ontario Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997.
9.10.19.5. Freeze Protection for Fire Protection Systems (1) Equipment forming part of a fire protection system that may be adversely affected by freezing temperatures and that is located in an unheated area shall be protected from freezing. 9.10.20.Fire Protection for Construction Camps
9.10.20.1. Requirements for Construction Camps (1) Except as provided in Articles 9.10.20.2. to 9.10.20.9., camps for housing of workers shall conform to Subsections 9.10.1. to 9.10.19.
9.10.20.2. Separation of Sleeping Rooms (1) Except for sleeping rooms within dwelling units, sleeping rooms in a building in a camp for housing of workers shall be separated from each other and from the remainder of the building by a fire separation having not less than a 30 min fire-resistance rating.
9.10.20.3. Floor Assemblies Between the First and Second Storey (1) Except in a dwelling unit, a floor assembly in a building in a camp for housing of workers separating the first storey and the second storey shall be constructed as a fire separation having not less than a 30 min fire-resistance rating.
9.10.20.4. Walkways Connecting Buildings (1) Walkways of combustible construction connecting buildings shall be separated from each connected building by a fire separation having not less than a 45 min fire-resistance rating.
9.10.20.5. Spatial Separations (1) Buildings in a camp for housing of workers shall be separated from each other by a distance of not less than 10 m unless otherwise permitted in Subsection 9.10.14.
9.10.20.6. Flame Spread Ratings (1) Except in dwelling units and except as provided in Sentence (2), the surface flame-spread rating of wall and ceiling surfaces in corridors and walkways, exclusive of doors, shall not exceed 25 over not less than 90 per cent of the exposed surface area and not more than 150 over the remaining surface area. (2) Except within dwelling units, corridors that provide access to exit from sleeping rooms and having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 45 min shall have a flame-spread rating conforming to the appropriate requirements in Subsection 9.10.16.
9.10.20.7. Smoke Detectors (1) Except in dwelling units, corridors providing access to exit from sleeping rooms in every building in a camp for housing of workers with sleeping accommodation for more than 10 persons shall have a smoke detector connected to the building alarm system.
9.10.20.8. Portable Fire Extinguishers (1) Each building in a camp for housing of workers shall be provided with portable fire extinguishers in conformance with the provisions of the Ontario Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997.
9.10.20.9. Hose Stations (1) Every building in a camp for housing of workers providing sleeping accommodation for more than 30 persons shall be provided with a hose station that is protected from freezing and equipped with a hose of sufficient length so that every portion of the building is within the range of a hose stream. (2) Hose stations required in Sentence (1) shall be located near an exit. (3) Hoses referred to in Sentence (1) shall be not less than 19 mm inside diam and shall be connected to a central water supply or to a storage tank having a capacity of at least 4 500 L with a pumping system capable of supplying a flow of at least 5 L/s at a gauge pressure of 300 kPa. 9.10.21.Fire Protection for Gas and Electric Ranges
9.10.21.1. Installation of Gas Ranges (1) Reserved (2) Clearances for gas ranges shall be not less than those provided in Articles 9.10.21.2. and 9.10.21.3.
9.10.21.2. Vertical Clearances (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), framing, finishes and cabinetry installed directly above the location of the range shall be not less than 750 mm above the level of the electric or gas range burners or elements. (2) The vertical clearance described in Sentence (1) for framing, finishes and cabinets located directly above the location of the range is permitted to be reduced to 600 mm above the level of the elements or burners provided the framing, finishes and cabinets (a) are noncombustible, or (b) are protected by (i) asbestos millboard not less than 6 mm thick, covered with sheet metal not less than 0.33 mm thick, or (ii) a metal hood with a 125 mm projection beyond the framing, finishes and cabinets.
9.10.21.3. Horizontal Clearances (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (3), combustible wall framing, finishes or cabinets within 450 mm of the area where the range is to be located shall be protected above the level of the heating elements by material providing fire resistance not less than that of a 9.5 mm thickness of gypsum board. (2) Counter-top splash boards or back plates which extend above the level of the heating elements need not be protected as described in Sentence (1). (3) Except for cabinetry described in Article 9.10.21.2., cabinetry located not less than 450 mm above the level of the heating elements need not be protected as described in Sentence (1). Section 9.11.Sound Control 9.11.1.Sound Transmission Class Rating (Airborne Sound)
9.11.1.1. Determination of Sound Class Transmission Rating (1) Sound transmission class ratings shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E413, “Classification for Rating Sound Insulation”, using results from measurements in accordance with (a) ASTM E 90, “Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions”, or (b) ASTM E 336, “Measurement of Airborne Sound Insulation in Buildings”. 9.11.2.Required Sound Control Locations (Airborne Sound)
9.11.2.1. Minimum Sound Transmission Class Rating (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), every dwelling unit and every suite in hotels and motels, shall be separated from every other space in a building in which noise may be generated, by a construction providing a sound transmission class rating of at least 50, measured in accordance with Subsection 9.11.1. or as listed in Tables 8.1 and 8.2 in the Supplementary Guidelines. (2) Where a dwelling unit is adjacent to an elevator shaft or a refuse chute, the separating construction shall have a sound transmission class rating of at least 55, measured in accordance with Subsection 9.11.1.or as listed in Tables 8.1 and 8.2 in the Supplementary Guidelines.
9.11.2.2. Building Services in an Assembly (1) Building services located in an assembly required to have a sound transmission class rating shall be installed in a manner that will not decrease the required rating of the assembly. Section 9.12.Excavation 9.12.1.General
9.12.1.1. Removal of Topsoil and Organic Matter (1) The topsoil and vegetable matter in all unexcavated areas under a building shall be removed. (2) In localities where termite infestation is known to be a problem, all stumps, roots and other wood debris shall be removed from the soil to a depth of not less than 300 mm in unexcavated areas under a building. (3) The bottom of every excavation shall be free of all organic material.
9.12.1.2. Standing Water (1) Excavations shall be kept free of standing water.
9.12.1.3. Protection from Freezing (1) The bottom of excavations shall be kept from freezing throughout the entire construction period.
9.12.1.4. Precautions During Excavation (1) Every excavation shall be undertaken in such a manner to prevent damage to adjacent property, existing structures, utilities, roads and sidewalks at all stages of construction. (2) Material shall not be placed nor shall equipment be operated or placed in or adjacent to an excavation in a manner that may endanger the integrity of the excavation or its supports. 9.12.2.Depth
9.12.2.1. Excavation to Undisturbed Soil (1) Excavations for foundations shall extend to undisturbed soil.
9.12.2.2. Minimum Depth of Foundations (1) Except as provided in Sentences (4) and (5), the minimum depth of foundations below finished ground level shall conform to Table 9.12.2.2. Table 9.12.2.2. Minimum Depths of Foundation Forming Part of Sentence 9.12.2.2.(1)  Type of Soil

Foundation containing heated Basement or Crawl Space(1)

Foundation Containing no Heated Space(2)


Good Soil Drainage(3)

Poor Soil Drainage

Good Soil   Drainage(3)

Poor Soil   Drainage


Rock

No limit

No limit

No limit

No limit


Coarse grained soils

No limit

No limit

No limit

Below the depth of frost penetration


Silt

No limit

No limit

Below the depth of frost penetration

Below the depth of frost penetration


Clay or soils not clearly defined

1.2 m

1.2 m

1.2 m but not less than the depth of frost penetration

1.2 m but not less than the depth of frost penetration


Column 1

2

3

4

5 Notes to Table 9.12.2.2.: (1) Foundation not insulated to reduce heat loss through the footings. (2) Including foundations containing heated space insulated to reduce heat loss through the footings. (3) To not less than the depth of frost penetration. (2) Where a foundation is insulated in a manner that will reduce the heat flow to the soil beneath the footings, the foundation depth shall conform to that required for foundations containing no heated space. (3) The minimum depth of foundations for exterior concrete steps with more than 2 risers shall conform to Sentences (1) to (5). (4) Concrete steps with 1 and 2 risers are permitted to be laid on ground level. (5) The foundation depths required in Sentence (1) are permitted to be decreased where experience with local soil conditions shows that lesser depths are satisfactory, or where the foundation is designed for lesser depths. (6) The foundation depths required in Sentence (1) do not apply to foundations for buildings of other than masonry or masonry veneer construction (a) whose superstructure conforms with the requirements of the deformation resistance test in CAN/CSA-Z240.2.1., “Structural Requirements for Mobile Homes”, or (b) used as accessory buildings of not more than 1 storey in building height and not more than 50 m2 in building area. 9.12.3.Backfill
9.12.3.1. Placement of Backfill (1) Backfill shall be placed to avoid damaging the foundation wall, the drainage tile, drainage layer, externally applied thermal insulation, waterproofing and dampproofing of the wall.
9.12.3.2. Grading of Backfill (1) Backfill shall be graded to prevent drainage towards the foundation after settling.
9.12.3.3. Deleterious Debris and Boulders (1) Backfill within 600 mm of the foundation shall be free of deleterious debris and boulders larger than 250 mm diam.
9.12.3.4. Lateral Support of Foundation Wall (1) Where the height of foundation wall is such that lateral support is required, or where the required concrete strength of the wall has not been reached, the wall shall be braced or laterally supported before backfilling. 9.12.4.Trenches Beneath Footings
9.12.4.1. Compacting or Filling With Concrete (1) The soil in trenches beneath footings for sewers and watermains shall be compacted by tamping up to the level of the footing base, or shall be filled with concrete having a strength not less than 10 MPa to support the footing. Section 9.13.Dampproofing, Waterproofing and Soil Gas Control 9.13.1.General
9.13.1.1. Required Dampproofing (1) Except as provided in Article 9.13.1.2., where the exterior finished ground level is at a higher elevation than the ground level inside the foundation walls, exterior surfaces of foundation walls below ground level shall be dampproofed. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3) and Article 9.13.1.2., floors-on-ground shall be dampproofed. (3) Floors in garages, floors in unenclosed portions of buildings and floors installed over granular fill in conformance with Article 9.16.2.1. need not be dampproofed. (4) Dampproofing in Sentence (1) is not required where the exterior surfaces of foundation walls below ground level are waterproofed.
9.13.1.2. Required Waterproofing (1) Where hydrostatic pressure occurs, floors-on-ground and exterior surfaces of walls below ground level shall be waterproofed. (2) Roofs of underground structures shall be waterproofed to prevent the entry of water into the structure.
9.13.1.3. Required Soil Gas Control (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), all wall, roof and floor assemblies in contact with the ground shall be constructed to resist the leakage of soil gas from the ground into the building. (2) Construction to resist leakage of soil gas into the building is not required for (a) garages and unenclosed portions of buildings, (b) buildings constructed in areas where it can be demonstrated that soil gas does not constitute a hazard, or (c) buildings that contain a single dwelling unit and are constructed to provide for sub-floor depressurization in accordance with the Supplementary Guidelines.
9.13.1.4. Standards for Application (1) The method of application of all bituminous waterproofing and dampproofing materials shall conform to (a) CAN/CGSB 37.3-M, “Application of Emulsified Asphalts for Dampproofing or Waterproofing”, (b) CGSB 37-GP-12Ma, “Application of Unfilled Cutback Asphalt for Dampproofing”, or (c) CAN/CGSB-37.22-M, “Application of Unfilled Cutback Tar Foundation Coating for Dampproofing”. 9.13.2.Material
9.13.2.1. Material Standards (1) Except as otherwise specified in this Section, materials used for exterior dampproofing or waterproofing shall conform to (a) CAN/CGSB-37.1-M, “Chemical Emulsified Type, Emulsified Asphalt for Dampproofing”, (b) CAN/CGSB-37.2-M, “Emulsified Asphalt, Mineral Colloid Type, Unfilled, for Dampproofing and Waterproofing and for Roof Coatings”, (c) CGSB 37-GP-6Ma, “Asphalt, Cutback, Unfilled, for Dampproofing”, (d) CAN/CGSB-37.16-M, “Filled, Cutback Asphalt for Dampproofing and Waterproofing”, (e) CGSB 37-GP-56M, “Membrane, Modified, Bituminous, Prefabricated, and Reinforced for Roofing”, (f) CGSB 37-GP-18Ma, “Tar, Cutback, Unfilled, for Dampproofing”, (g) CAN/CGSB-51.34-M, “Vapour Barrier, Polyethylene Sheet, for Use in Building Construction”, or (h) CSA A123.4, “Bitumen for Use in Construction of Built-Up Roof Coverings and Dampproofing and Waterproofing Systems”. (2) Materials used to provide a barrier to soil gas ingress shall conform to CAN/CGSB-51.34-M, “Vapour Barrier, Polyethylene Sheet, for Use in Building Construction”. 9.13.3.Dampproofing of Walls
9.13.3.1. Preparation of Surface (1) Unit masonry walls to be dampproofed shall be (a) parged on the exterior face below ground level with not less than 6 mm of mortar conforming to Section 9.20, and (b) coved over the footing when the first course of block is laid. (2) Concrete walls to be dampproofed shall have holes and recesses resulting from the removal of form ties sealed with cement mortar or dampproofing material.
9.13.3.2. Application of Dampproofing Material (1) Dampproofing material shall be applied over the parging or concrete below ground level.
9.13.3.3. Interior Dampproofing of Walls (1) Where a separate interior finish is applied to a concrete or unit masonry wall which is in contact with the soil, or where wood members are applied to such walls for the installation of insulation or finish, the interior surface of the foundation wall below ground level shall be dampproofed. (2) The dampproofing required in Sentence (1) shall extend from the basement floor and shall terminate at ground level. (3) No membrane or coating with a permeance less than 170 ng/(Pa.s.m2) shall be applied to the interior surface of the foundation wall above ground level between the insulation and the foundation wall.
9.13.3.4. Dampproofing of Preserved Wood Foundation Walls (1) Preserved wood foundation walls shall be dampproofed as described in CAN3-S406, “Construction of Preserved Wood Foundations”. 9.13.4.Dampproofing of Floors-on-Ground
9.13.4.1. Location of Dampproofing (1) When floors are dampproofed, the dampproofing shall be installed below the floor, except that where a separate floor is provided over a slab, the dampproofing is permitted to be applied to the top of the slab.
9.13.4.2. Dampproofing below the Floor (1) When installed below the floor, dampproofing membranes shall consist of polyethylene not less than 0.15 mm thick, or type S roll roofing. (2) Joints in dampproofing membranes shall be lapped not less than 300 mm.
9.13.4.3. Dampproofing above the Slab (1) When installed above the slab, dampproofing shall consist of not less than (a) 2 mopped-on coats of bitumen, (b) 0.05 mm polyethylene, or (c) other material providing equivalent performance. 9.13.5.Waterproofing of Walls
9.13.5.1. Preparation of Surface (1) Except where it can be shown to be unnecessary, unit masonry walls to be waterproofed shall be parged on exterior surfaces below ground level with not less than 6 mm of mortar conforming to Section 9.20. (2) Concrete walls to be waterproofed shall have all holes and recesses resulting from removal of form ties sealed with mortar or waterproofing material.
9.13.5.2. Application of Waterproofing Membranes (1) Concrete or unit masonry walls to be waterproofed shall be covered with not less than 2 layers of bitumen-saturated membrane, with each layer cemented in place with bitumen and coated over-all with a heavy coating of bitumen. 9.13.6.Waterproofing of Floors-on-Ground
9.13.6.1. Floor Waterproofing System (1) Basement floors-on-ground to be waterproofed shall have a system of membrane waterproofing provided between 2 layers of concrete, each of which shall be not less than 75 mm thick, with the floor membrane mopped to the wall membrane to form a complete seal. 9.13.7.Soil Gas
9.13.7.1. Soil Gas Control (1) Where methane or radon gases are known to be a problem, construction shall comply with the requirements for soil gas control in the Supplementary Guidelines. Section 9.14.Drainage 9.14.1.Scope
9.14.1.1. Application (1) This Section applies to subsurface drainage and to surface drainage.
9.14.1.2. Crawl Spaces (1) Drainage for crawl spaces shall conform to Section 9.18.
9.14.1.3. Floors-on-Ground (1) Drainage requirements beneath floors-on-ground shall conform to Section 9.16. 9.14.2.Foundation Drainage
9.14.2.1. Foundation Wall Drainage (1) Unless it can be shown to be unnecessary, drainage shall be provided at the bottom of every foundation wall that contains the building interior. (2) Except as permitted in Sentences (4), (5) and (6), where the insulation on a foundation wall extends to more than 900 mm below the adjacent exterior ground level (a) a drainage layer shall be installed adjacent to the exterior surface of a foundation wall consisting of (i) not less than 19 mm mineral fibre insulation with a density of not less than 57 kg/m3, or (ii) not less than 100 mm of free draining granular material, or (b) a system shall be installed which can be shown to provide equivalent performance to that provided by the materials described in Clause (a). (3) Where mineral fibre insulation, crushed rock or other drainage layer medium is provided adjacent to the exterior surface of a foundation wall, it shall extend to the footing level and facilitate drainage of ground water to the foundation drainage system. (4) Except when the insulation provides the drainage layer required in Clause (2)(a), when exterior insulation is provided, the drainage layer shall be installed on the exterior face of the insulation. (5) The drainage layer required in Sentence (2) is not required (a) when the foundation wall is not required to be dampproofed, or (b) when the foundation wall is waterproofed. (6) The drainage layer in Sentence (1) is only required where the foundation wall is constructed after the day this Regulation comes into force. (7) Where drainage is required in Sentence (1), the drainage shall conform to Subsection 9.14.3. or 9.14.4. 9.14.3.Drainage Tile and Pipe
9.14.3.1. Material Standards (1) Drain tile and drain pipe for foundation drainage shall conform to (a) ASTM C 4, “Clay Drain Tile”, (b) ASTM C 412M, “Concrete Drain Tile (Metric)”, (c) ASTM C 444M, “Perforated Concrete Pipe (Metric)”, (d) ASTM C 700, “Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength and Perforated”, (e) CAN/CGSB-34.22-M, “Pipe, Asbestos-Cement, Drain”, (f) CAN/CSA-B182.1-M, “Plastic Drain and Sewer Pipe and Pipe Fittings”, (g) CAN3-G401, “Corrugated Steel Pipe Products”, or (h) BNQ 3624-115, “Thermo-Plastic Pipe — Flexible Corrugated Tubing and Fittings for Soil Drainage”.
9.14.3.2. Minimum Size (1) Drain tile or pipe used for foundation drainage shall be not less than 100 mm in diam.
9.14.3.3. Installation (1) Drain tile or pipe shall be laid on undisturbed or well-compacted soil so that the top of the tile or pipe is below the bottom of the floor slab or crawl space. (2) Drain tile or pipe with butt joints shall be laid with 6 mm to 10 mm open joints. (3) The top half of joints referred to in Sentence (2) shall be covered with sheathing paper, 0.10 mm polyethylene or No.15 asphalt or tar-saturated felt. (4) The top and sides of drain pipe or tile shall be covered with not less than 150 mm of crushed stone or other coarse clean granular material containing not more than 10% of material that will pass a 4 mm sieve. 9.14.4.Granular Drainage Layer
9.14.4.1. Type of Granular Material (1) Granular material used to drain the bottom of a foundation shall consist of a continuous layer of crushed stone or other coarse clean granular material containing not more than 10% of material that will pass a 4 mm sieve.
9.14.4.2. Installation (1) Granular material described in Article 9.14.4.1. shall be laid on undisturbed or compacted soil to a minimum depth of not less than 125 mm beneath the building and extend not less than 300 mm beyond the outside edge of the footings.
9.14.4.3. Grading (1) The bottom of an excavation drained by a granular layer shall be graded so that the entire area described in Article 9.14.4.2. is drained to a sump conforming to Article 9.14.5.2.
9.14.4.4. Wet Site Conditions (1) Where because of wet site conditions soil becomes mixed with the granular drainage material, sufficient additional granular material shall be provided so that the top 125 mm is kept free of soil. 9.14.5.Drainage Disposal
9.14.5.1. Drainage Disposal (1) Foundation drains shall drain to a sewer, drainage ditch or dry well.
9.14.5.2. Sump Pits (1) Where gravity drainage is not practical, a covered sump with an automatic pump shall be installed to discharge the water into a sewer, drainage ditch or dry well. (2) Covers for sump pits shall be designed to resist removal by children.
9.14.5.3. Dry Wells (1) Dry wells are permitted to be used only when located in areas where the natural groundwater level is below the bottom of the dry well. (2) Dry wells shall be not less than 5 m from the building foundation and located so that drainage is away from the building. 9.14.6.Surface Drainage
9.14.6.1. Surface Drainage (1) The building shall be located or the building site graded so that water will not accumulate at or near the building and will not adversely affect adjacent properties.
9.14.6.2. Drainage away from Wells or Septic Disposal Beds (1) Surface drainage shall be directed away from the location of a water supply well or septic tank disposal bed.
9.14.6.3. Window Wells (1) Every window well shall be drained to the footing level or other suitable location.
9.14.6.4. Catch Basin (1) Where runoff water from a driveway is likely to accumulate or enter a garage, a catch basin shall be installed to provide adequate drainage.
9.14.6.5. Downspouts (1) Downspouts shall conform to Article 9.26.18.2. Section 9.15.Footings and Foundations 9.15.1.Scope
9.15.1.1. Application (1) Except as provided in Articles 9.15.1.2. and 9.15.1.3. and 9.15.1.4., this Section applies to poured-in-place concrete or unit masonry foundation walls and poured-in-place concrete footings on soils with an allowable bearing pressure of 75 kPa or greater for buildings of wood frame or masonry construction. (2) Except as provided in Sentences (3) and (4), foundations for applications other than as described in Sentence (1) shall be designed in accordance with Section 9.4. (3) Where a foundation is erected on filled ground, peat or sensitive clay, the footing sizes shall be designed in conformance with Section 4.2. (4) For the purpose of Sentence (3), sensitive clay means the grain size of the majority of the particles is smaller than 0.002 mm, including leda clay.
9.15.1.2. Permafrost (1) Buildings erected on permafrost shall have foundations designed by a designer competent in this field in accordance with the appropriate requirements of Part 4.
9.15.1.3. Wood-Frame Foundations (1) Foundations of wood frame construction are permitted to be used provided they conform to Sentence (2) or (3). (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), wood-frame foundations shall be designed in conformance with Part 4. (3) Wood-frame foundations conforming to CAN3-S406, “Construction of Preserved Wood Foundations” need not comply with Sentence (2) provided (a) they are supported on soil having an allowable bearing pressure of not less than 75 kPa, and (b) their configuration conforms with the design assumptions stated in the standard.
9.15.1.4. Foundations for Deformation Resistant Buildings (1) Where the superstructure of a detached building conforms to the requirements of the deformation resistance test in CAN/CSA-Z240.2.1., “Structural Requirements for Mobile Homes”, the foundation is permitted to be constructed in conformance with CSA Z240.10.1., “Site Preparation, Foundation and Anchorage of Mobile Homes”. 9.15.2.General
9.15.2.1. Concrete (1) Concrete shall conform to Section 9.3.
9.15.2.2. Concrete Block (1) Concrete block shall conform to CAN/CSA-A165.1, “Concrete Masonry Units” and shall have a compressive strength over the net area of the block of not less than 15 MPa.
9.15.2.3. Unit Masonry Construction (1) Mortar, mortar joints, corbelling and protection for unit masonry shall conform to Section 9.20.
9.15.2.4. Pier Type Foundations (1) Where pier type foundations are used, the piers shall be designed to support the applied loads from the superstructure. (2) Where piers are used as a foundation system in a building of 1 storey in building height, the piers shall be installed to support the principal framing members and shall be spaced not more than 3.5 m apart along the framing, unless the piers and their footings are designed for larger spacings. (3) The height of piers described in Sentence (2) shall not exceed 3 times their least dimension at the base of the pier. (4) Where concrete block is used for piers described in Sentence (2), they shall be laid with cores placed vertically, and when the width of the building is 4.3 m or less, placed with their longest dimension at right angles to the longest dimension of the building. 9.15.3.Footings
9.15.3.1. Footings Required (1) Footings shall be provided under walls, pilasters, columns, piers, fireplaces and chimneys that bear on soil or rock, except that footings are permitted to be omitted under piers or monolithic concrete walls if the safe loadbearing capacity of the soil or rock is not exceeded.
9.15.3.2. Support of Footings (1) Footings shall rest on undisturbed soil, rock or compacted granular fill.
9.15.3.3. Footing Sizes (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (8) and in Articles 9.15.3.4. and 9.15.3.5., the minimum footing size shall be as shown in Table 9.15.3.3. provided the length of supported joists does not exceed 4.9 m and the design live load on any floor supported by the footing does not exceed 2.4 kPa. (2) Where the specified live load exceeds 2.4 kPa footings shall be designed in accordance with Section 4.2. (3) Except as provided in Sentence (4), where the span of the supported joists exceeds 4.9 m, footings shall be designed in accordance with Section 4.2. (4) Where the supported joist span exceeds 4.9 m, footing sizes are permitted to be determined according to the calculation provided in the Supplementary Guidelines. (5) The strip footing sizes for exterior walls shown in Table 9.15.3.3. shall be increased by 65 mm for each storey of masonry veneer over wood frame construction supported by the foundation wall. (6) The strip footing sizes for exterior walls shown in Table 9.15.3.3. shall be increased by 130 mm for each storey of masonry construction supported by the foundation wall. (7) The minimum strip footing sizes for interior walls shown in Table 9.15.3.3. shall be increased by 100 mm for each storey of masonry construction supported by the footing. (8) The footing area for column spacings other than shown in Table 9.15.3.3. shall be adjusted in proportion to the distance between columns. Table 9.15.3.3. Minimum Footing Sizes Forming Part of Article 9.15.3.3.  Floors Supported

Minimum Width of Strip Footings, mm

Minimum Footing Area for Columns Spaced 3 m o.c.(1) m2


Supporting Exterior Walls

Supporting Interior Walls


1

250(2)

200(3)

0.4


2

350(2)

350(3)

0.75


3

450(2)

500(3)

1.0


Column 1

2

3

4 Notes to Table 9.15.3.3.: (1) See Sentence 9.15.3.3.(8). (2) See Sentences 9.15.3.3.(5) and (6). (3) See Sentence 9.15.3.3.(7).
9.15.3.4. High Water Table (1) Where a foundation rests on gravel, sand or silt in which the water table level is less than the width of the footings below the bearing surface, the footing width shall be not less than twice the width required by Article 9.15.3.3.
9.15.3.5. Non-Loadbearing Walls (1) Footings for interior non-loadbearing masonry walls shall be not less than 200 mm wide for walls up to 5.5 m high and shall be increased by 100 mm for each additional 2 700 mm of height.
9.15.3.6. Thickness (1) Footings shall be not less than 100 mm in thickness except when greater thicknesses are required because of the projection of the footing beyond the supported element.
9.15.3.7. Footing Projection (1) The projection of an unreinforced footing beyond the supported element shall be not greater than the thickness of the footing.
9.15.3.8. Step Footings (1) When step footings are used (a) the vertical rise between horizontal portions shall not exceed 600 mm, for firm soils and 400 mm for sand or gravel, and (b) the horizontal distance between risers shall be not less than 600 mm. 9.15.4.Foundation Walls
9.15.4.1. Foundation Wall Thickness (1) Where average stable soils are encountered, the thickness of foundation walls subject to lateral earth pressure shall conform to Table 9.15.4.1. for walls not exceeding 2 500 mm in unsupported height. Table 9.15.4.1. Thickness of Foundation Walls Forming Part of Sentence 9.15.4.1.(1)  Type of Foundation wall

Minimum Wall Thickness, Mm

Maximum Height of Finish Ground Above Basement Floor or Crawl space Ground cover, m


Foundation Wall Laterally Unsupported at the Top(1)

Foundation Wall Laterally Supported at the Top(1)


Solid concrete 15 MPa min. strength

150

0.80

1.50


200

1.20

2.15


250

1.40

2.30


300

1.50

2.30


Solid concrete 20 MPa min. strength

150

0.80

1.80


200

1.20

2.30


250

1.40

2.30


300

1.50

2.30


Unit masonry

140

0.60

0.80


 

190

0.90

1.20


 

240

1.20

1.80


 

290

1.40

2.20


Column 1

2

3

4 Note to Table 9.15.4.1.: (1) See Article 9.15.4.2.
9.15.4.2. Lateral Support (1) For the purposes of Article 9.15.4.1., foundation walls shall be considered laterally supported at the top if such walls support solid masonry superstructure or if the floor joists are embedded in the top of the foundation walls. (2) Foundation walls shall also be considered to be supported at the top if the floor system is anchored to the top of the foundation walls with anchor bolts, in which case the joists are permitted to run either parallel or perpendicular to the foundation wall. (3) When a foundation wall contains an opening more than 1 200 mm in length or contains openings in more than 25% of its length, that portion of the wall beneath such openings shall be considered laterally unsupported, unless the wall around the opening is reinforced to withstand the earth pressure. (4) When the length of solid wall between windows is less than the average length of the windows, the combined length of such windows shall be considered as a single opening for the purposes of Sentence (3).
9.15.4.3. Extension above Ground Level (1) Exterior foundation walls shall extend not less than 150 mm above finished ground level.
9.15.4.4. Reduction in Thickness (1) Where the top of a foundation wall is reduced in thickness to permit the installation of floor joists, the reduced section shall be not more than 350 mm high and not less than 90 mm thick. (2) Where the top of a foundation wall is reduced in thickness to permit the installation of a masonry exterior facing, the reduced section shall be (a) not less than 90 mm thick, and (b) tied to the facing material with metal ties conforming to Sentence 9.20.9.4.(3) spaced not more than (i) 200 mm o.c. vertically, and (ii) 900 mm o.c. horizontally. (3) The space between wall and facing described in Sentence (2) shall be filled with mortar.
9.15.4.5. Corbelling (1) Corbelling of masonry foundation walls supporting cavity walls shall conform to Article 9.20.12.2.
9.15.4.6. Crack Control Joints (1) Crack control joints shall be provided in foundation walls more than 25 m long at intervals of not more than 15 m. (2) Joints required in Sentence (1) shall be designed to resist moisture penetration and shall be keyed to prevent relative displacement of the wall portions adjacent to the joint.
9.15.4.7. Interior Masonry Walls (1) Interior masonry foundation walls not subject to lateral earth pressure shall conform to Section 9.20. 9.15.5.Joist and Beam Support
9.15.5.1. Support of Floor Joists (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), foundation walls of hollow unit masonry supporting floor joists shall be (a) capped with not less than 50 mm of solid masonry or concrete, or (b) have the top course filled with mortar or concrete. (2) Capping required in Sentence (1) is permitted to be omitted (a) in localities where termites are not known to occur, (b) when the joists are supported on a wood plate not less than 38 mm by 89 mm, and (c) when the siding overlaps the foundation wall not less than 12 mm.
9.15.5.2. Support of Beams (1) Not less than a 190 mm depth of solid masonry shall be provided beneath beams supported on masonry. (2) Where the beam referred to in Sentence (1) is supported below the top of the foundation walls, the ends of such beams shall be protected from the weather.
9.15.5.3. Pilasters (1) Pilasters shall be provided under beams that frame into unit masonry foundation walls 140 mm or less in thickness. (2) Pilasters required in Sentence (1) shall be not less than 90 mm by 290 mm and shall be bonded or tied into the wall. (3) The top 200 mm of pilasters required in Sentence (1) shall be solid. 9.15.6.Parging and Finishing
9.15.6.1. Foundation Walls below Ground (1) Concrete block foundation walls shall be parged on the exterior face below ground level as required in Section 9.13.
9.15.6.2. Foundation Walls above Ground (1) Exterior surfaces of concrete block foundation walls above ground level shall have tooled joints, or shall be rendered, parged or otherwise suitably finished.
9.15.6.3. Form Ties (1) All form ties shall be removed at least flush with the concrete surface. Section 9.16.Slabs-on-Ground 9.16.1.Scope
9.16.1.1. Application (1) This Section applies to floors supported on ground or granular fill which do not provide structural support for the superstructure.
9.16.1.2. Structural Floor Slabs (1) Floors-on-ground that support loads from the superstructure shall be designed in conformance with Part 4.
9.16.1.3. Required Floors-on-Ground (1) All spaces within dwelling units, except crawl spaces, shall be provided with a floor-on-ground, where (a) access is provided to the space, and (b) a floor supported by the structure is not provided.
9.16.1.4. Dampproofing and Waterproofing (1) Dampproofing and waterproofing shall conform to Section 9.13. 9.16.2.Granular Material beneath Floors
9.16.2.1. Required Installation of Granular Fill (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), not less than 100 mm of coarse clean granular material containing not more than 10% of material that will pass a 4 mm sieve shall be placed beneath floors-on-ground. (2) Granular material need not be installed under (a) slabs in garages, carports or accessory buildings, or (b) buildings of industrial occupancy where the nature of the process contained therein permits or requires the use of large openings in the building envelope even during the winter. (3) Any fill beneath the top portion of coarse clean granular material referred to in Sentence (1) shall be compacted. (4) Any fill placed beneath slabs in garages other than coarse clean granular material as described in Sentence (1) shall be compacted to provide uniform support for the slab. 9.16.3.Drainage
9.16.3.1. Control of Water Ingress (1) Except as provided in Article 9.16.3.2. or where it can be shown to be unnecessary, ingress of water underneath a floor-on-ground shall be prevented by grading or drainage.
9.16.3.2. Hydrostatic Pressure (1) Where groundwater levels may cause hydrostatic pressure beneath a floor-on-ground, the floor-on-ground shall be (a) a cast in place concrete slab, and (b) designed to resist such pressures.
9.16.3.3. Floor Drains (1) When floor drains are required, the floor surface shall be sloped so that no water can accumulate. 9.16.4.Concrete
9.16.4.1. Floor Finish (1) The finished surface of concrete floor slabs shall be trowelled smooth and even. (2) Dry cement shall not be added to the floor surfaces to absorb surplus water.
9.16.4.2. Compressive Strength (1) Where dampproofing is not provided the concrete used for floors-on-ground shall have a compressive strength of not less than 25 MPa after 28 days. (2) Where dampproofing is provided as described in Subsection 9.13.6., the concrete used for floors-on-ground shall have a compressive strength of not less than 15 MPa after 28 days.
9.16.4.3. Topping Course (1) Where a topping course is provided for a concrete floor slab, it shall consist of 1 part cement to 2.5 parts clean, well graded sand by volume, with a water/cement ratio approximately equal to that of the base slab. (2) When concrete topping is provided it shall not be less than 20 mm thick.
9.16.4.4. Thickness (1) Concrete slabs shall be not less than 75 mm thick exclusive of concrete topping.
9.16.4.5. Bond Break (1) A bond-breaking material shall be placed between the slab and footings or rock. 9.16.5.Wood
9.16.5.1. Wood Frame Floors (1) Floors-on-ground constructed of wood shall conform to CAN/CSA-S406, “Construction of Preserved Wood Foundations”. Section 9.17.Columns 9.17.1.Scope
9.17.1.1. Application (1) This Section applies to columns used to support carport roofs, and beams carrying loads from not more than 2 wood-frame floors where the length of joists carried by such beams does not exceed 5 m and the live load on any floor does not exceed 2.4 kPa. (2) Columns for applications other than as described in Sentence (1) shall be designed in accordance with Part 4. 9.17.2.General
9.17.2.1. Location (1) Columns shall be centrally located on a footing conforming to Section 9.15.
9.17.2.2. Fastening (1) Columns shall be securely fastened to the supported member to prevent lateral movement. 9.17.3.Steel Columns
9.17.3.1. Size and Thickness (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), steel pipe columns shall have an outside diameter of not less than 73 mm and a wall thickness of not less than 4.76 mm. (2) Columns of sizes other than as specified in Sentence (1) are permitted to be used where the loadbearing capacities are shown to be adequate.
9.17.3.2. End Bearing Plates (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), steel columns shall be fitted with not less than 100 mm by 100 mm by 6.35 mm thick steel plates at each end, and where the column supports a wooden beam, the top plate shall extend across the full width of the beam. (2) The top plate required in Sentence (1) need not be provided where a column supports a steel beam and provision is made for the attachment of the column to the beam.
9.17.3.3. Paint (1) Steel columns shall be treated on the outside surface with not less than 1 coat of rust-inhibitive paint.
9.17.3.4. Adjustable Steel Columns (1) Adjustable steel columns shall conform to CAN/CGSB-7.2-M, “Adjustable Steel Columns”. 9.17.4.Wood Columns
9.17.4.1. Column Sizes (1) The width or diameter of a wood column shall be not less than the width of the supported member. (2) Except as provided in Article 9.35.4.2., columns shall be not less than 184 mm for round columns and 140 mm by 140 mm for rectangular columns, unless calculations are provided to show that lesser sizes are adequate.
9.17.4.2. Materials (1) Wood columns shall be either solid, glue-laminated or built-up. (2) Built-up columns shall consist of not less than 38 mm thick full-length members (a) bolted together with not less than 9.52 mm diam bolts spaced not more than 450 mm o.c., or (b) nailed together with not less than 76 mm nails spaced not more than 300 mm o.c. (3) Glued-laminated columns shall conform to Section 4.3.
9.17.4.3. Columns in Contact with Concrete (1) Wood columns shall be separated from concrete in contact with the ground by 0.05 mm polyethylene film or Type S roll roofing.
9.17.4.4. Wood Column Termite Protection (1) Where termites are known to exist, exterior wood columns such as porch supports shall be (a) pressure treated with a chemical that is toxic to such termites, in accordance with Article 9.3.2.9., or (b) supported on non-cellulosic material extending not less than 150 mm above grade and located not less than 50 mm from the exterior wall of an adjacent building. 9.17.5.Unit Masonry Columns
9.17.5.1. Materials (1) Unit masonry columns shall be built of masonry units (a) conforming to CAN/CSA-A165.1, “Concrete Masonry Units”, and (b) have a compressive strength over the net area of the block of not less than 15 MPa.
9.17.5.2. Sizes (1) Unit masonry columns shall be not less than 290 mm by 290 mm or 240 mm by 380 mm in size. 9.17.6.Solid Concrete Columns
9.17.6.1. Materials (1) Concrete shall conform to Section 9.3.
9.17.6.2. Sizes (1) Concrete columns shall be not less than 200 mm by 200 mm for rectangular columns and 230 mm diam for circular columns. Section 9.18.Crawl Spaces 9.18.1.General
9.18.1.1. Application (1) In this Section a crawl space refers to an enclosed space between the underside of a floor assembly and the ground cover directly below, with a clearance less than 1 800 mm in height.
9.18.1.2. Foundations (1) Foundations enclosing crawl spaces shall conform to Section 9.15.
9.18.1.3. Heated and Unheated Crawl Spaces (1) Crawl spaces shall be considered to be heated where the space (a) is used as a hot air plenum, (b) contains heating ducts or heating pipes that are not sealed and insulated to minimize heat loss to the space, or (c) is not separated from heated space in accordance with Section 9.25. (2) Heating of heated crawl spaces shall conform to Section 9.33. (3) Insulation, an air barrier system and a vapour barrier shall be installed in the walls of heated crawl spaces in accordance with Section 9.25. 9.18.2.Access
9.18.2.1. Access Openings (1) An access opening of not less than 500 mm by 700 mm shall be provided to each crawl space where the crawl space serves a single dwelling unit, and not less than 550 mm by 900 mm for other crawl spaces. (2) Access openings shall be fitted with a door or hatch, except when the crawl space is heated and the access opening into the crawl space is from the adjacent heated space. 9.18.3.Ventilation
9.18.3.1. Ventilation of Unheated Crawl Spaces (1) Unheated crawl spaces shall be ventilated by natural or mechanical means. (2) Where an unheated crawl space is ventilated by natural means, ventilation shall be provided to the outside air by not less than 0.1 m2 of unobstructed vent area for every 50 m2 of floor area. (3) Vents shall be (a) uniformly distributed on opposite sides of the building, and (b) designed to prevent the entry of snow, rain and insects.
9.18.3.2. Ventilation of Heated Crawl Spaces (1) Heated crawl spaces shall be ventilated in accordance with Section 9.32. 9.18.4.Clearance
9.18.4.1. Access Way to Services (1) Where equipment requiring service such as plumbing cleanouts, traps and burners is located in crawl spaces, an access way with a height and width of not less than 600 mm shall be provided from the access door to the equipment and for a distance of 900 mm on the side or sides of the equipment to be serviced. 9.18.5.Drainage