jswizzle3737/ontario_laws_and_regs huggingface dataset:
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.15.7. Thickness or Rating (1) The thickness or rating of roof sheathing on a flat roof used as a walking deck shall conform to either Table 9.23.14.5.A. or Table 9.23.14.5.B. for subfloors. Table 9.23.15.7.A.   Thickness of Roof Sheathing Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.15.7.(2)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6


Maximum Spacing of Supports, mm

Minimum Thickness, mm


Plywood and OSB, O-2 Grade

OSB, O-1 Grade and Waferboard,   R-1 Grade

Lumber


Edges Supported

Edges Unsupported

Edges Supported

Edges Unsupported


300

7.5

7.5

9.5

9.5

17.0


400

7.5

9.5

9.5

11.1

17.0


600

9.5

12.5

11.1

12.7

19.0 Table 9.23.15.7.B.   Rating for Roof Sheathing When Applying CAN/CSA-O325.0 Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.15.7.(2)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3


Maximum Spacing of Supports, mm

Panel Mark


Edges Supported

Edges Unsupported


400

2R16

1R16


500

2R20

1R20


600

2R24

1R24 (2) The thickness or rating of roof sheathing on a roof not used as a walking deck shall conform to either Table 9.23.15.7.A. or Table 9.23.15.7.B. (3) Asphalt-coated or asphalt-impregnated fibreboard not less than 11.1 mm thick conforming to CAN/ULC-S706, “Wood Fibre Thermal Insulation for Buildings”, is permitted to be used as a roof sheathing over supports spaced not more than 400 mm o.c. provided the roofing consists of, (a) a continuous sheet of galvanized steel not less than 0.33 mm in thickness, or (b) a continuous sheet of aluminum not less than 0.61 mm in thickness. (4) All edges of sheathing described in Sentence (3) shall be supported by blocking or framing. 9.23.16. Wall Sheathing
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.16.2. Thickness, Rating and Material Standards (1) Where wall sheathing is required, it shall conform to Table 9.23.16.2.A. or Table 9.23.16.2.B. Table 9.23.16.2.A.   Wall Sheathing Thickness and Specifications Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.16.2.(1)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4


Type of Sheathing

Minimum Thickness, mm(1)

Material Standards


With Supports 400 mm o.c.

With Supports 600 mm o.c.


Fibreboard (insulating)

9.5

11.1

CAN/ULC-S706


Gypsum Sheathing

9.5

12.7

CAN/CSA-A82.27-M


 

 

 

ASTM C1177 / C1177M


 

 

 

ASTM C1396 / C1396M


Lumber

17.0

17.0

See Table 9.3.2.1.


Mineral Fibre, Rigid Board, Type 2

25

25

CAN/ULC-S702


OSB, O-2 Grade

6.0

7.5

CSA O437.0


OSB, O-1 Grade, and Waferboard, R-1 Grade

6.35

7.9

CSA O437.0


Phenolic, faced

25

25

CAN/CGSB-51.25-M


Plywood (exterior type)

6

7.5

CSA O121-M


CSA O151


CSA O153-M


Polystyrene, Types 1 and 2

38

38

CAN/ULC-S701


Polystyrene, Types 3 and 4

25

25

CAN/ULC-S701


Polyurethane and Polyisocycanurate Type 1, faced

38

38

CAN/ULC-S704


Polyurethane and Polyisocycanurate Types 2 and 3, faced

25

25

CAN/ULC-S704
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.1.1. Application (1) This Section applies to sheet steel studs for use in non-loadbearing exterior and interior walls. (2) Where loadbearing steel studs are used, they shall be designed in conformance with Part 4.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.1.2. Material Standards (1) Steel studs and runners shall conform to CAN/CGSB-7.1, “Lightweight Steel Framing Components”.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.1.4. Screws (1) Screws for the application of cladding, sheathing or interior finish materials to steel studs, runners and furring channels shall conform to ASTM C1002, “Steel Self-Piercing Tapping Screws for the Application of Gypsum Panel Products or Metal Plaster Bases to Wood Studs or Steel Studs”.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.2.1. Size and Spacing of Studs in Interior Walls (1) Except as required in Articles 9.24.2.3. and 9.24.2.4., the size and spacing of steel studs for non-loadbearing interior walls shall conform to Table 9.24.2.1. Table 9.24.2.1.   Steel Studs for Non-Loadbearing Interior Walls Forming Part of Sentence 9.24.2.1.(1)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3


Minimum Stud Size, mm

Maximum Stud Spacing, mm

Maximum Wall Height, m


30 × 40

400

3.0


600

2.7


30 × 63

400

4.0


600

3.6


30 × 91

400

5.2


600

4.9
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.2.2. Thickness of Studs (1) Except as required in Article 9.24.2.4., steel studs in non-loadbearing interior walls shall have a metal thickness of not less than 0.46 mm.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.2.3. Runners (1) Runners for interior and exterior non-loadbearing walls shall have a thickness of not less than the thickness of the corresponding studs and shall have not less than 30 mm flanges.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.2.4. Openings in Fire Separations (1) Where openings for doors in non-loadbearing fire separations required to have a fire-resistance rating do not exceed 1 200 mm in width, (a) the width of steel studs shall be not less than 63 mm, and (b) the steel thickness shall be not less than 0.46 mm. (2) Where openings described in Sentence (1) exceed 1 200 mm in width, (a) the width of steel studs shall be not less than 91 mm, and (b) the metal thickness shall be not less than 0.85 mm. (3) The distance to the first stud beyond the jamb of any door opening in a fire separation required to have a fire-resistance rating shall not exceed 400 mm. (4) Where the distance between the framing over the opening referred to in Sentence (3) and the top runner exceeds 400 mm in such walls, intermediate support shall be installed at intervals of not more than 400 mm above the opening.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.2.5. Size and Spacing of Studs in Exterior Walls (1) The size and spacing of non-loadbearing steel studs for exterior walls shall conform to Table 9.24.2.5. Table 9.24.2.5.   Size and Spacing of Steel Studs for Non-Loadbearing Exterior Walls Forming Part of Sentence 9.24.2.5.(1)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5


Minimum Stud Size, mm

Minimum Metal
Thickness, mm

Maximum Stud Length, m


Spacing of Studs


300 mm (o.c.)

400 mm (o.c.)

600 mm (o.c.)


30 × 91

0.53

3.0

2.4

—


30 × 91

0.69

3.3

2.7

2.4


30 × 91

0.85

3.6

3.0

2.7


30 × 91

1.0

4.0

3.3

3.0 9.24.3. Installation
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.3.1. Installation of Runners (1) Runners shall be provided at the tops and bottoms of walls. (2) Runners required in Sentence (1) shall be securely attached to the building at approximately 50 mm from the ends, and at intervals of not more than 600 mm o.c. for interior walls and 300 mm o.c. for exterior walls. (3) Fasteners used for attachment described in Sentence (2) shall consist of the equivalent of 63 mm nails or 25 mm screws. (4) Studs at openings and that are not full wall height shall be supported by a runner at the ends of the studs, securely fastened to the full length studs at the sides of the opening.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.3.2. Fire-Rated Walls (1) Steel studs used in walls required to have a fire-resistance rating shall be installed so that there is not less than a 12 mm clearance between the top of the stud and the top of the runner to allow for expansion in the event of fire. (2) Except as provided in Article 9.24.3.6., studs in walls referred to in Sentence (1) shall not be attached to the runners in a manner that will prevent such expansion. (3) Framing above doors with steel door frames in non-loadbearing fire separations required to have a fire-resistance rating shall consist of 2 runners on the flat fastened back to back. (4) The lower runner required in Sentence (3) shall be cut through the flanges and be bent at each end to extend upwards at least 150 mm and fastened to the adjacent studs.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.3.3. Orientation of Studs (1) Steel studs shall be installed with webs at right angles to the wall face and, except at openings, shall be continuous for the full wall height.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.3.4. Support for Cladding Materials (1) Corners and intersections of walls shall be constructed to provide support for the cladding materials.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.3.5. Framing around Openings (1) Studs shall be doubled on each side of every opening where such openings involve more than 1 stud space, and shall be tripled where the openings in exterior walls exceed 2 400 mm in width. (2) Studs described in Sentence (1) shall be fastened together by screws, crimping or welding to act as a single structural unit in resisting transverse loads.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.3.6. Attachment of Studs to Runners (1) Studs shall be attached to runners by screws, crimping or welding around wall openings, and elsewhere where necessary to keep the studs in alignment during construction. (2) Where clearance for expansion is required in Article 9.24.3.2., attachment required in Sentence (1) shall be applied between studs and bottom runners only.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.3.7. Openings for Fire Dampers (1) Openings for fire dampers in non-loadbearing fire separations required to have a fire-resistance rating shall be framed with double studs on each side of the opening. (2) The sill and header for openings described in Sentence (1) shall consist of a runner track with right angle bends made on each end so as to extend 300 mm above the header or below the sill and fastened to the studs. (3) The openings described in Sentence (1) shall be lined with a layer of gypsum board at least 12.7 mm thick fastened to stud and runner webs. Section 9.25. Heat Transfer, Air Leakage and Condensation Control 9.25.1. Scope
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.25.1.1. Application (1) This Section applies to the application of thermal insulation and measures to control condensation, heat transfer and air leakage for buildings of residential occupancy intended for use on a continuing basis during the winter months. (2) Insulation and sealing of heating and ventilating ducts shall conform to Sections 9.32. and 9.33.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.25.1.2. General (1) Sheet and panel-type materials shall be installed in accordance with Sentence (2), if the material, (a) has an air leakage characteristic less than 0.1 L/(s∙m2) at 75 Pa, (b) has a water vapour permeance less than 60 ng/(Pa∙s∙m2) when measured in accordance with ASTM E96, “Water Vapor Transmission of Materials”, using the desiccant method (dry cup), and (c) is incorporated into a building assembly required by Article 9.25.2.1. to be insulated. (2) Sheet and panel-type material described in Sentence (1) shall be installed, (a) on the warm face of the assembly, (b) except as provided in Sentences (3) to (5), at a location where the ratio between the total thermal resistance of all materials outboard of its innermost impermeable surface and the total thermal resistance of all materials inboard of that surface is not less than that required in Table 9.25.1.2., or (c) outboard of an air space that is vented to the outdoors and, for walls, drained. Table 9.25.1.2.   Ratio of Outboard to Inboard Thermal Resistance Forming Part of Sentence 9.25.1.2.(1)  Column 1

Column 2


Heating Degree Days of Building Location(1), Celsius Degree-days

Minimum Ratio, Total Thermal Resistance Outboard of Material’s Inner Surface to Total Thermal Resistance Inboard of Material’s Inner Surface


up to 4 999

0.20


5 000 to 5 999

0.30


6 000 to 6 999

0.35


7 000 to 7 999

0.40


8 000 to 8 999

0.50


9 000 to 9 999

0.55


10 000 to 10 999

0.60


11 000 to 11 999

0.65


12 000 to 12 999

0.75
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.25.2.1. Required Insulation (1) All walls, ceilings and floors separating heated space from unheated space, the exterior air or the exterior soil shall be provided with thermal insulation in conformance with Sections 12.2. and 12.3. to prevent moisture condensation on their room side during the winter and to ensure comfortable conditions for the occupants.
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.25.2.2. Insulation Materials (1) Except as required in Sentence (2), thermal insulation shall conform to the requirements of, (a) CAN/CGSB-51.25-M, “Thermal Insulation, Phenolic, Faced”, (b) CAN/CGSB-51-GP-27M, “Thermal Insulation, Polystyrene, Loose Fill”, (c) CAN/ULC-S701, “Thermal Insulation, Polystyrene, Boards and Pipe Covering”, (d) CAN/ULC-S702 “Mineral Fibre Thermal Insulation for Buildings”, (e) CAN/ULC-S703, “Cellulose Fibre Insulation (CFI) for Buildings”, (f) CAN/ULC-S704, “Thermal Insulation, Polyurethane and Polyisocyanurate, Boards, Faced”, (g) CAN/ULC-S705.1, “Thermal Insulation – Spray Applied Rigid Polyurethane Foam, Medium Density – Material Specification”, or (h) CAN/ULC-S706, “Wood Fibre Thermal Insulation for Buildings”. (2) The flame-spread rating requirements contained in the standards listed in Sentence (1) shall not apply. (3) Insulation in contact with the ground shall be inert to the action of soil and water and be such that its insulative properties are not significantly reduced by moisture. (4) Type 1 expanded polystyrene insulation as described in CAN/ULC-S701, “Thermal Insulation, Polystyrene, Boards and Pipe Covering”, shall not be used as roof insulation applied above the roofing membrane.
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.25.2.3. Installation of Thermal Insulation (1) Insulation shall be installed so that there is a reasonably uniform insulating value over the entire face of the insulated area. (2) Insulation shall be applied to the full width and length of the space between furring or framing. (3) Except where the insulation provides the principal resistance to air leakage, thermal insulation shall be installed so that at least 1 face is in full and continuous contact with an element with low air permeance. (4) Insulation on the interior of foundation walls enclosing a crawl space shall be applied so that there is not less than a 50 mm clearance above the crawl space floor if the insulation is of a type that may be damaged by water. (5) Insulation around concrete slabs-on-ground shall be located so that heat from the building is not restricted from reaching the ground beneath the perimeter, where exterior walls are not supported by footings extending below frost level. (6) Where insulation is exposed to the weather and subject to mechanical damage, it shall be protected with not less than, (a) 6 mm asbestos-cement board, (b) 6 mm preservative-treated plywood, or (c) 12 mm cement parging on wire lath applied to the exposed face and edge. (7) Except as permitted in Sentence (8) insulation and vapour barrier shall be protected from mechanical damage by a covering such as gypsum board, plywood, particleboard, OSB, waferboard or hardboard. (8) In unfinished basements, the protection required in Sentence (7) need not be provided for mineral fibre insulation provided it is covered with polyethylene vapour barrier of at least 0.15 mm in thickness. (9) Insulation in factory-built buildings shall be installed so that it will not become dislodged during transportation.
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.25.2.4. Installation of Loose-Fill Insulation (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (6), loose-fill insulation shall be used on horizontal surfaces only. (2) Where loose-fill insulation is installed in an unconfined sloped space, such as an attic space over a sloped ceiling, the supporting slope shall not be more than, (a) 4.5 in 12 for mineral fibre or cellulose fibre insulation, and (b) 2.5 in 12 for other types of insulation. (3) Loose-fill insulation may be used in wood-frame walls of existing buildings. (4) Where blown-in insulation is installed in above-ground or below-ground wood frame walls of new buildings, (a) the density of the installed insulation shall be sufficient to preclude settlement, (b) the insulation shall be installed behind a membrane that will permit visual inspection prior to installation of the interior finish, (c) the insulation shall be installed in a manner that will not interfere with the installation of the interior finish, and (d) no water shall be added to the insulation, unless it can be shown that the added water will not adversely affect other materials in the assembly. (5) Water repellent loose-fill insulation may be used between the outer and inner wythes of masonry cavity walls. (6) Where soffit venting is used, measures shall be taken, (a) to prevent loose-fill insulation from blocking the soffit vents and to maintain an open path for circulation of air from the vents into the attic or roof space, and (b) to minimize air flow into the loose-fill insulation near the soffit vents to maintain the thermal performance of the material.
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.25.2.5. Installation of Spray-applied Polyurethane (1) Spray-applied polyurethane insulation shall be installed in accordance with CAN/ULC-S705.2, “Thermal Insulation – Spray-Applied Rigid Polyurethane Foam, Medium Density, Installer’s Responsibilities – Specification”. 9.25.3. Air Barrier Systems
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.25.3.1. Required Barrier to Air Leakage (1) Wall, ceiling and floor assemblies that separate conditioned spaces from unconditioned spaces shall be constructed so as to include an air barrier system that will provide a continuous barrier to air leakage, (a) from the interior of the building into wall, floor, attic or roof spaces sufficient to prevent excessive moisture condensation in such spaces during the heating season, and (b) from the exterior inward sufficient to prevent moisture condensation on the room side during the heating season. (2) The continuity of the air barrier system shall extend throughout the basement.
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.25.3.2. Air Barrier System Properties (1) Sheet and panel type materials intended to provide the principal resistance to air leakage shall have an air leakage characteristic not greater than 0.02 L/(s∙m2) measured at an air pressure differential of 75 Pa. (2) Where polyethylene sheet is used to provide the air-tightness in the air barrier system, it shall conform to CAN/CGSB-51.34-M, “Vapour Barrier, Polyethylene Sheet for Use in Building Construction”.
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.25.3.4. Vapour Barriers Used as Air Barriers (1) A vapour barrier used as an air barrier shall comply with the requirements of this Subsection. 9.25.4. Vapour Barriers
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.25.4.1. Required Barrier to Vapour Diffusion  (1) Thermally insulated wall, ceiling and floor assemblies shall be constructed with a vapour barrier sufficient to prevent condensation in the wall spaces, floor spaces or attic or roof spaces.
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.25.4.2. Vapour Barrier Materials (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), vapour barriers shall have a permeance not greater than 60 ng/(Pa∙s∙m2), measured in accordance with ASTM E96, “Water Vapor Transmission of Materials”, using the desiccant method (dry cup). (2) Where the mild climate indicator, determined in accordance with Sentence 9.25.1.2.(6), is greater than 6300, vapour barriers shall be designed according to Part 5, where, (a) the intended use of the interior space requires the indoor relative humidity to be maintained above 35% over the heating season and the ventilating and air-conditioning system is designed to maintain that relative humidity, or (b) the intended use of the interior space results in an average monthly indoor relative humidity above 35% over the heating season and the ventilating and air-conditioning system does not have the capacity to reduce the average monthly relative humidity to 35% or less over that period. (3) Where the mild climate indicator, determined in accordance with Sentence 9.25.1.2.(6), is less than or equal to 6300, vapour barriers shall be designed according to Part 5, where, (a) the intended use of the interior space requires the indoor relative humidity to be maintained above 60% over the heating season and the ventilating and air-conditioning system is designed to maintain that relative humidity, or (b) the intended use of the interior space results in an average monthly indoor relative humidity above 60% over the heating season and the ventilating and air-conditioning system does not have the capacity to reduce the average monthly relative humidity to 60% or less over that period. (4) Where polyethylene is installed to serve as the vapour barrier, it shall conform to CAN/CGSB-51.34-M, “Vapour Barrier, Polyethylene Sheet for Use in Building Construction”. (5) Membrane-type vapour barriers other than polyethylene shall conform to CAN/CGSB-51.33-M, “Vapour Barrier, Sheet, Excluding Polyethylene, for Use in Building Construction”. (6) Where a coating is applied to gypsum board to function as the vapour barrier, the permeance of the coating shall be determined in accordance with CAN/CGSB-1.501-M, “Method for Permeance of Coated Wallboard”.
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.25.4.3. Installation of Vapour Barriers (1) Vapour barriers shall be installed to protect the entire surfaces of thermally insulated wall, ceiling and floor assemblies. (2) Vapour barriers shall be installed sufficiently close to the warm side of insulation to prevent condensation at design conditions. Section 9.26. Roofing 9.26.1. General
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.26.1.1. Purpose of Roofing (1) Roofs shall be protected with roofing, including flashing, installed to shed rain effectively and prevent water due to ice damming from entering the roof. (2) For the purpose of Sentence (1), roofs shall include platforms that effectively serve as roofs with respect to accumulation or drainage of precipitation.
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.26.1.2. Alternate Installation Methods (1) Methods described in CAN3-A123.51-M, “Asphalt Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:3 and Steeper”, or CAN3-A123.52-M, “Asphalt Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:6 to Less than 1:3”, are permitted to be used for asphalt shingle applications not described in this Section.
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.26.1.3. Solar Collector Systems (1) A solar collector system is permitted to be installed above roofing materials conforming to Sentence 9.26.2.1.(1). 9.26.2. Roofing Materials
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.26.2.1. Material Standards (1) Roofing materials shall conform to, (a) CAN/CGSB-37.4-M, “Fibrated, Cutback Asphalt, Lap Cement for Asphalt Roofing”, (b) CAN/CGSB-37.5-M, “Cutback Asphalt Plastic, Cement”, (c) CAN/CGSB-37.8-M, “Asphalt, Cutback, Filled, for Roof Coating”, (d) CGSB 37-GP-9Ma, “Primer, Asphalt, Unfilled, for Asphalt Roofing, Dampproofing and Waterproofing”, (e) CGSB 37-GP-21M, “Tar, Cutback, Fibrated, for Roof Coating”, (f) CAN/CGSB-37.50-M, “Hot Applied, Rubberized Asphalt for Roofing and Waterproofing”, (g) CGSB 37-GP-52M, “Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane, Sheet Applied, Elastomeric”, (h) CAN/CGSB-37.54, “Polyvinyl Chloride Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane”, (i) CGSB 37-GP-56M, “Membrane, Modified, Bituminous, Prefabricated, and Reinforced for Roofing”, (j) CGSB 41-GP-6M, “Sheets, Thermosetting Polyester Plastics, Glass Fiber Reinforced”, (k) CAN/CGSB-51.32-M, “Sheathing, Membrane, Breather Type”, (l) CSA A123.1 / A123.5, “Asphalt Shingles Made from Organic Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules / Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules”, (m) CAN/CSA-A123.2, “Asphalt Coated Roofing Sheets”, (n) CSA A123.3, “Asphalt Saturated Organic Roofing Felt”, (o) CAN/CSA-A123.4, “Asphalt for Constructing Built-Up Roof Coverings and Waterproofing Systems”, (p) Reserved (q) CSA A123.17, “Asphalt Glass Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing”, (r) CAN/CSA-A220.0-M, “Performance of Concrete Roof Tiles”, (s) CSA O118.1, “Western Cedars Shakes and Shingles”, or (t) CSA O118.2-M, “Eastern White Cedar Shingles”.
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.26.2.2. Nails (1) Nails used for roofing shall be corrosion-resistant roofing or shingle nails conforming to CSA B111, “Wire Nails, Spikes and Staples”. (2) Nails shall have sufficient length to penetrate through or 12 mm into roof sheathing. (3) Nails used with asphalt roofing shall have a head diameter of not less than 9.5 mm and a shank thickness of not less than 2.95 mm. (4) Nails used with wood shingles or shakes shall have a head diameter of not less than 4.8 mm and a shank thickness of not less than 2.0 mm and shall be stainless steel, aluminum or hot-dipped galvanized.
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.26.2.3. Staples (1) Staples used to apply asphalt or wood shingles shall be corrosion-resistant and shall be driven with the crown parallel to the eaves. (2) Staples used with asphalt shingles shall be not less than 19 mm long, 1.6 mm diam or thickness, with not less than a 25 mm crown, except that an 11 mm crown may be used as provided in Sentence 9.26.7.4.(2). (3) Staples used with wood shingles shall be not less than 29 mm long, 1.6 mm diam or thickness, with not less than a 9.5 mm crown and shall be stainless steel or aluminum. 9.26.3. Slope of Roof Surfaces
Notes to Table 9.25.1.2.:
9.26.3.1. Slope (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the slopes on which roof coverings may be applied shall conform to Table 9.26.3.1. (2) Asphalt and gravel or coal tar and gravel roofs may be constructed with lower slopes than required in Sentence (1) when effective drainage is provided by roof drains located at the lowest points on the roofs. (3) Profiled metal roof cladding systems specifically designed for low-slope applications are permitted to be installed with lower slopes than required in Sentence (1), provided they are installed in conformance with the manufacturer’s written recommendations. (4) Except where back-slope will not adversely affect adjacent supported or supporting elements due to water ingress, roofs and elements that effectively serve as roofs shall be constructed with sufficient slope away from, (a) exterior walls, and (b) guards that are connected to the roof, or to an element that effectively serves as a roof, by more than pickets or posts. (5) The slope required in Sentence (4) shall be sufficient to maintain a positive slope, (a) after expected shrinkage of the building frame, where these surfaces are supported by exterior walls and on exterior columns, and (b) once design loading is taken into consideration, where these surfaces are cantilevered from exterior walls. Table 9.26.3.1.   Roofing Types and Slope Limits Forming Part of Sentence 9.26.3.1.(1)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3


Type of Roofing

Minimum Slope

Maximum Slope


Asbestos-Cement Corrugated Sheets

1 in 4

no limit


Asphalt Shingles

 

 


Low slope application

1 in 6

no limit


Normal application

1 in 3

no limit


Built-up Roofing

 

 


Asphalt base (without gravel)

1 in 25

1 in 2


Asphalt base (gravelled)

1 in 50(1)

1 in 4


Coal-tar base (gravelled)

1 in 50(1)

1 in 25


Cold process

1 in 25

1 in 1.33


Cedar Shakes

1 in 3

no limit


Clay Tile

1 in 2

no limit


Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyester Roofing Panels

 1 in 4

no limit


Modified Bituminous Membranes 

1 in 50

1 in 4


Profiled Metal Roofing

1 in 4(2)

no limit


Roll Roofing

 

 


480 mm wide selvage asphalt roofing

1 in 6

no limit


Cold application felt

1 in 50

1 in 1.33


Smooth and mineral surfaced

1 in 4

no limit


Sheet Metal Shingles

1 in 4(2)

no limit


Slate Shingles

1 in 2

no limit


Wood Shingles

1 in 4

no limit
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.4.1. Required Flashing at Intersections (1) Except where the omission will not adversely affect adjacent supported or supporting elements, flashing shall be installed at junctions between roofs and, (a) walls that rise above the roof, and (b) guards that are connected to the roof by other than pickets or posts. (2) For the purpose of Sentence (1), roofs shall include platforms that effectively serve as roofs with respect to accumulation or drainage of precipitation.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.4.3. Valley Flashing (1) Where sloping surfaces of shingled roofs intersect to form a valley, the valley shall be flashed. (2) Valley flashing shall be installed over continuous sheathing. (3) Closed valleys shall not be used with rigid shingles on slopes of less than 1 in 1.2. (4) Closed valley flashing shall consist of sheet metal, self sealing composite membranes consisting of polyethylene and bituminous material or one layer of either Type S smooth surface roll roofing or Type M mineral surface roll roofing (mineral surface down) not less than 600 mm wide, and nails shall not penetrate the flashing within 75 mm of its edge or 124 mm of the bottom of the valley centreline. (5) Open valleys shall be flashed with, (a) at least one layer of sheet metal not less than 600 mm wide, or (b) no fewer than 2 layers of roll roofing. (6) The bottom layer of roofing required in Sentence (4) shall consist of not less than Type S smooth roll roofing or Type M mineral surface roll roofing (mineral surface down) not less than 457 mm wide, centred in the valley and fastened with nails spaced not more than 450 mm o.c. located 25 mm away from the edges. (7) The top layer of roofing required in Sentence (4) shall consist of not less than Type M mineral surface roll roofing (mineral surface up), 914 mm wide, centred in the valley, applied over a 100 mm wide strip of cement along each edge of the bottom layer, and fastened with a sufficient number of nails to hold it in place until the shingles are applied.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.4.4. Intersection of Shingle Roofs and Masonry (1) The intersection of shingle roofs and masonry walls or chimneys shall be protected with flashing. (2) Counter flashing required in Sentence (1) shall be embedded not less than 25 mm in the masonry and shall extend not less than 150 mm down the masonry and lap the lower flashing not less than 100 mm. (3) Flashing along the slopes of a roof described in Sentence (1) shall be stepped so that there is not less than a 75 mm head lap in both the lower flashing and counter flashing. (4) Where the roof described in Sentence (1) slopes upwards from the masonry, the flashing shall extend up the roof slope to a point equal in height to the flashing on the masonry, but not less than 1.5 times the shingle exposure.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.4.6. Intersection of Built-Up Roofs and Masonry (1) The intersection of built-up roofs with masonry walls or chimneys shall have a cant strip at the intersection and a roofing membrane shall be mopped over the cant strip and not less than 150 mm up the wall. (2) Counter flashing installed over the intersection referred to in Sentence (1) shall be embedded not less than 25 mm in the masonry, and shall be of sufficient length to extend down not less than 150 mm, lapping the membrane on the masonry not less than 100 mm.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.4.8. Chimney Saddles (1) Except as otherwise permitted in Sentence (5), chimney saddles shall be installed where the upper side of a chimney on a sloping roof is more than 750 mm wide. (2) Chimney saddles shall be covered with sheet metal or roofing material of equivalent weight and quality equivalent to the roofing. (3) Saddles shall be flashed where they intersect the roof. (4) The intersection of the saddle and the chimney shall be flashed and counterflashed as in Article 9.26.4.4. (5) A chimney saddle need not be installed if the intersection between the chimney and roof is protected by sheet metal flashing that extends up the chimney to a height equal to at least one sixth the width of the chimney, but not less than 150 mm, and up the roof slope to a point equal in height to the flashing on the chimney, but not less than 1.5 times the shingle exposure. (6) Flashing described in Sentence (5) at the chimney shall be counterflashed as required by Article 9.26.4.4. 9.26.5. Eave Protection for Shingles and Shakes
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.7.1. Coverage (1) Coverage shall be not less than 2 thicknesses of shingle over the entire roof, disregarding cutouts.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.7.2. Starter Strip (1) A starter strip shall be installed along the lower edge of the roof so that it extends approximately 12 mm beyond the eaves and rake of the roof and fastened along the bottom edge with nails spaced not more than 300 mm o.c. (2) Starter strips shall be at least Type M mineral-surfaced roll roofing not less than 300 mm wide, or shingles of the same weight and quality as those used as a roof covering with tabs facing up the roof slope. (3) Starter strips need not be provided where eave protection of not less than Type M mineral-surfaced roll roofing is provided or self-sealing composite membranes consisting of polyethylene and bituminous material is provided.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.7.4. Fasteners (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), shingles shall be fastened with at least 4 nails or staples for 1 000 mm wide shingles so that no nails or staples are exposed. (2) Where staples with an 11 mm crown are used, shingles shall be fastened with at least 6 staples. (3) Fasteners may be reduced for narrower shingles in proportion to the width of the shingle or when shingles incorporating interlocking devices are used. (4) Fasteners referred to in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be located 25 mm to 40 mm from each end of each strip shingle with other fasteners equally spaced between them. (5) Fasteners referred to in Sentences (1) and (2) shall be located not less than 12 mm above the tops of the cutouts.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.8.1. Coverage (1) Except for the first 2 courses, coverage shall be not less than 3 thicknesses of shingle over the entire roof, disregarding cutouts.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.9.5. Fastening (1) Shingles shall be fastened with 2 nails or staples located approximately 20 mm from the sides of the shingle and 40 mm above the exposure line.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.9.6. Exposure (1) The exposure of wood roof shingles shall conform to Table 9.26.9.6. Table 9.26.9.6.   Exposure of Wood Shingles Forming Part of Sentence 9.26.9.6.(1)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7


Roof Slope

Maximum Exposure, mm


No. 1 or A Grade Length of Shingle, mm

No. 2 or B Grade Length of Shingle, mm


400

450 

600

400

450

600


<1 in 3

100

115

165

90

100

140


≥1 in 3

125

140

190

100

115

165
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.11.1. Quantity of Materials (1) The quantities of bituminous materials used on built-up roofs shall conform to Table 9.26.11.1. Table 9.26.11.1.   Quantities of Bitumen for Built-Up Roofs Forming Part of Sentence 9.26.11.1.(1)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3


Type of Roof

Amount of Bitumen per Square Metre of Roof Surface


Mopping Coats Between Layers

Flood Coat


Asphalt and aggregate

1 kg

3 kg


Coal-tar and aggregate

1.2 kg

3.6 kg


Cold process roofing

0.75 L cold process cement

2 L cold process top coating
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.11.6. Number of Layers (1) Built-up roofing shall consist of at least 3 mopped-down layers of roofing felt flood coated with bitumen.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.11.7. Installation of Layers (1) In hot process applications each layer of bitumen-saturated felt shall be laid while the bitumen is hot, with each layer overlapping the previous one. (2) The full width under each lap referred to in Sentence (1) shall be coated with bitumen so that in no place does felt touch felt. (3) Felt shall be laid free of wrinkles and shall be rolled directly into the hot bitumen and broomed forward and outward from the centre to ensure complete adhesion.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.11.10. Cant Strips (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (4), a cant strip shall be provided at the edges of roofs. (2) No fewer than 2 plies of the roofing membrane shall be carried over the top of the cant strip. (3) Flashing shall extend over the top of the cant strip and be shaped to form a drip. (4) The cant strip required in Sentence (1) may be omitted where a gravel stop is provided at the edge of roofs. (5) The roofing membranes shall be carried over the edge of the roof before the gravel stop is fastened and 2 plies of roofing membrane mopped to the top surface of the gravel stop referred to in Sentence (4) before the flood coat is applied. (6) The gravel stop referred to in Sentence (4) shall extend over the edge of the roof to form a drip or shall be flashed so that the flashing extends over the edge to form a drip. 9.26.12. Selvage Roofing
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.13.2. Support  (1) Where sheet metal roofing is not supported by roof decking but spans between spaced supports, the panels shall be designed to support the specified live loads for roofs. 9.26.14. Glass Reinforced Polyester Roofing
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.18.2. Downspouts (1) Where downspouts are provided and are not connected to a sewer, extensions shall be provided to carry rainwater away from the building in a manner that will prevent soil erosion. Section 9.27. Cladding 9.27.1. Application
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.1.1. General  (1) Where lumber, wood shingles, shakes, fibre-cement shingles, planks and sheets, plywood, OSB, waferboard, hardboard, vinyl, aluminum and steel, including trim and soffits, are installed as cladding on wood-frame walls exposed to precipitation, the cladding assembly shall comply with, (a) Subsections 9.27.2. to 9.27.13., or (b) Part 5. (2) Where stucco is installed as cladding on wood-frame or masonry walls exposed to precipitation, the cladding assembly shall comply with, (a) Subsections 9.27.2. to 9.27.4., and Section 9.28., or (b) Part 5. (3) Where masonry serves as cladding on wood-frame or masonry walls exposed to precipitation, the cladding assembly shall comply with, (a) Subsections 9.27.2. to 9.27.4., and Section 9.20., or (b) Part 5. (4) Where asphalt shingles are installed as cladding on wood-frame walls exposed to precipitation, the cladding assembly shall comply with, (a) Subsections 9.26.7. and 9.27.2. to 9.27.4., or (b) Part 5. (5) Where cladding materials other than those described in Sentences (1) to (4) are installed, or where these are installed on substrates other than those identified in Sentences (1) to (4), the materials and installation shall comply with Part 5. 9.27.2. Required Protection from Precipitation
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.2.1. Minimizing and Preventing Ingress and Damage  (1) Except where exterior walls are protected from precipitation or where it can be shown that ingress will not adversely affect occupant health or safety, exterior walls shall be designed and constructed to, (a) minimize the ingress of precipitation into the assembly, and (b) prevent ingress into interior space. (2) Except where exterior walls are protected from specific mechanisms of deterioration, such as mechanical impact and ultraviolet radiation, exterior walls shall be designed and constructed to minimize the likelihood of their required performance being reduced to an unacceptable level as a result of those mechanisms.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.2.2. Minimum Protection from Precipitation Ingress  (1) Exterior walls exposed to precipitation shall be protected against ingress of precipitation with an exterior cladding assembly consisting of a first plane of protection and a second plane of protection where the wall encloses spaces of residential occupancy or spaces that directly serve spaces of residential occupancy.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.2.4. Protection of Cladding from Moisture  (1) A clearance of not less than 200 mm shall be provided between finished ground and cladding that is adversely affected by moisture, such as untreated wood, plywood, OSB, waferboard and hardboard. (2) A clearance of not less than 50 mm shall be provided between a roof surface and cladding that is adversely affected by moisture, such as untreated wood, plywood, OSB, waferboard and hardboard. 9.27.3. Second Plane of Protection
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.3.1. Elements of the Second Plane of Protection (1) The second plane of protection shall consist of a drainage plane with appropriate inner boundary and flashing to dissipate rainwater to the exterior. (2) The inner boundary of the drainage plane shall comply with Articles 9.27.3.2. to 9.27.3.6. (3) The protection provided by the second plane of protection shall be maintained, (a) at wall penetrations created by the installation of components and services such as windows, doors, ventilation ducts, piping, wiring and electrical outlets, and (b) at the interface with other wall assemblies. (4) Flashing material and installation shall comply with Articles 9.27.3.7. and 9.27.3.8.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.3.2. Sheathing Membrane Material Standard  (1) Sheathing membranes shall conform to the performance requirements of CAN/CGSB-51.32-M, “Sheathing, Membrane, Breather Type”.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.3.5. Sheathing Membranes in Lieu of Sheathing (1) Except as provided in Article 9.27.3.6., where no sheathing is used, at least 2 layers of sheathing membrane shall be applied beneath the cladding. (2) All joints in the sheathing membrane required in Sentence (1) shall occur over framing, and the membrane shall be fastened to the framing with roofing nails or staples spaced not more than 150 mm along the edges of the outer layer of sheathing paper. (3) Wall sheathing is permitted to be used in lieu of 1 layer of sheathing membrane required in Sentence (1), and the thickness need not conform to Table 9.23.16.2.A.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.3.6. Face Sealed Cladding (1) Sheathing membrane is permitted to be omitted beneath cladding when the joints in the cladding are formed to effectively prevent the passage of wind and rain in conformance with Sentence (2) or (3), as applicable. (2) Cladding consisting of sheets of plywood, hardboard, OSB, waferboard or fibre cement is considered to meet the requirements of Sentence (1), provided the cladding is applied so that (a) all edges are directly supported by framing, and (b) the vertical joints between adjacent sheets are sealed and, (i) covered with battens, (ii) shiplapped, or (iii) otherwise matched to provide weathertight joints, and (c) the horizontal joints between adjacent sheets are sealed and, (i) shiplapped, or (ii) otherwise matched to provide weathertight joints. (3) Metal siding consisting of sheets of metal is considered to meet the requirements of Sentence (1) where the joints between sheets are of the locked-seam type.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.3.8. Flashing Installation (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), flashing shall be installed at, (a) every horizontal junction between claddings elements, (b) every horizontal offset in the cladding, and (c) every horizontal line where the cladding substrates change and where, (i) the substrates differ sufficiently for stresses to be concentrated along that line, or (ii) the installation of the cladding on the lower substrate may compromise the drainage of moisture from behind the cladding above. (2) Flashing need not be installed as described in Sentence (1), (a) where the upper cladding elements overlap the lower cladding elements by not less than 25 mm, (b) where, (i) the cladding above and below the joint is installed outboard of a drained and vented air space, and (ii) the horizontal detail is constructed so as to minimize ingress of precipitation into the air space, or (c) at horizontal construction joints in stucco, where, (i) the joint is finished with an expansion-contraction strip, and (ii) the cladding is installed outboard of a drained and vented air space. (3) Except as provided in Sentence (6), flashing shall be installed over exterior wall openings where the vertical distance from the bottom of the eave to the top of the trim is more than one-quarter of the horizontal overhang of the eave. (4) Flashing described in Sentences (1) and (3) shall, (a) extend not less that 50 mm upward inboard of the sheathing membrane or sheathing installed in lieu of the sheathing membrane, (b) have a slope of not less than 6% toward the exterior after the expected shrinkage of the building frame, (c) terminate at each end with an end-dam, (i) with a height in millimetres not less than 25 mm or 1/10 of the value of the 1 in 5 driving rain wind pressure in Pa, and (ii) at the height defined in Subclause (i), extending to the face of the adjacent cladding, (d) lap not less than 10 mm vertically over the building element below, and (e) terminate in a drip extending not less than 5 mm outward from the outer face of the building element below. (5) Except as provided in Sentence (6), where the sills of windows and doors installed in exterior walls are not self-flashing, flashing shall be installed between the underside of the window or door and the wall construction below. (6) Where a window or exterior door is provided with an integral exterior flange and is designed to be installed on the exterior of essentially flat lock-seam metal cladding without a head or sill flashing, the flange shall be, (a) bedded into a non-hardening sealant material, and (b) screwed down over the sealant through to the wall framing to form a waterproof joint. 9.27.4. Caulking
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.4.1. Required Caulking (1) Caulking shall be provided where required to prevent the entry of water into the structure. (2) Caulking shall be provided between masonry, siding or stucco and the adjacent door and window frames or trim, including sills unless such locations are completely protected from the entry of rain. (3) Caulking shall be provided at vertical joints between different cladding materials unless the joint is suitably lapped or flashed to prevent the entry of rain.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.4.2. Materials (1) Caulking shall be, (a) a non-hardening type suitable for exterior use, (b) selected for its ability to resist the effects of weathering, and (c) compatible with and adhere to the substrate to which it is applied. (2) Caulking shall conform to, (a) CGSB 19-GP-5M, “Sealing Compound, One Component, Acrylic Base, Solvent Curing”, (b) CAN/CGSB-19.13-M, “Sealing Compound, One Component, Elastomeric, Chemical Curing”, (c) CGSB 19-GP-14M, “Sealing Compound, One Component, Butyl-Polyisobutylene Polymer Base, Solvent Curing”, or (d) CAN/CGSB-19.24-M, “Multicomponent, Chemical Curing Sealing Compound”. 9.27.5. Attachment of Cladding
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.5.1. Attachment (1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) to (7), cladding shall be fastened to the framing members or furring members, or to blocking between the framing members. (2) Vertical lumber and stucco lath or reinforcing are permitted to be attached to sheathing only where the sheathing consists of not less than, (a) 14.3 mm lumber, (b) 12.5 mm plywood, or (c) 12.5 mm OSB or waferboard. (3) Vertically applied metal siding and wood shingles and shakes are permitted to be attached to the sheathing only where the sheathing consists of not less than, (a) 14.3 mm lumber, (b) 7.5 mm plywood, or (c) 7.5 mm OSB or waferboard. (4) Asbestos-cement shingles are permitted to be attached to the sheathing only when the sheathing consists of not less than, (a) 14.3 mm lumber, (b) 9.5 mm plywood, or (c) 9.5 mm OSB or waferboard. (5) Where wood shingles or shakes are applied to sheathing that is not suitable for attaching the shingles or shakes, the shingles or shakes may be attached to a wood lath not less than 38 mm by 9.5 mm thick securely nailed to the framing and applied as described in Article 9.27.7.5. (6) Where asbestos-cement shingles are applied to sheathing that is not suitable for attaching the shingles, the shingles may be fastened to a wood lath not less than 89 mm by 9.5 mm thick securely nailed to the framing. (7) Lath referred to in Sentence (6) shall be applied so that it overlaps the preceding shingle course by not less than 20 mm.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.5.2. Blocking (1) Blocking for the attachment of cladding shall be not less than 38 mm by 38 mm lumber securely nailed to the framing and spaced not more than 600 mm o.c.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.27.5.3. Furring (1) Except as permitted in Sentences 9.27.5.1.(5) and (6), furring for the attachment of cladding shall be not less than 19 mm by 38 mm lumber when applied over sheathing. (2) When applied without sheathing, furring referred to in Sentence (1) shall be not less than, (a) 19 mm by 64 mm lumber on supports spaced not more than 400 mm o.c., or (b) 19 mm by 89 mm on supports spaced not more than 600 mm o.c. (3) Furring referred to in Sentence (1) shall be, (a) securely fastened to the framing, and (b) spaced not more than 600 mm o.c.