jswizzle3737/ontario_laws_and_regs huggingface dataset:
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.3.2.9. Termite and Decay Protection (1) In localities where termites are known to occur, (a) clearance between structural wood elements and the finished ground level directly below them shall be not less than 450 mm and, except as provided in Sentence (2), all sides of the supporting elements shall be visible to permit inspection, or (b) structural wood elements, supported by elements in contact with the ground or exposed over bare soil, shall be pressure-treated with a chemical that is toxic to termites. (2) In localities where termites are known to occur and foundations are insulated or otherwise finished in a manner that could conceal a termite infestation, (a) a metal or plastic barrier shall be installed through the insulation and any other separation or finish materials above finished ground level to control the passage of termites behind or through the insulation, separation or finish materials, and (b) all sides of the finish supporting assembly shall be visible to permit inspection. (3) Structural wood elements shall be pressure-treated with a preservative to resist decay where the vertical clearance between structural wood elements and the finished ground level is less than 150 mm. (4) Structural wood elements used in retaining walls and cribbing shall be pressure-treated with a preservative to resist decay, where, (a) the retaining wall or cribbing supports ground that is critical to the stability of building foundations, or (b) the retaining wall or cribbing is greater than 1.2 m in height. (5) Where wood is required by this Article to be treated to resist termites or decay, such treatment shall be in accordance with the requirements of, (a) CSA O80.1, “Preservative Treatment of All Timber Products by Pressure Processes”, (b) CSA O80.2, “Preservative Treatment of Lumber, Timber, Bridge Ties and Mine Ties by Pressure Processes”, (c) CSA O80.9, “Preservative Treatment of Plywood by Pressure Processes”, (d) CSA O80.15, “Preservative Treatment of Wood for Building Foundation Systems, Basements and Crawl Spaces by Pressure Processes”, (e) CSA O80.34, “Pressure Preservative Treatment of Lumber and Timbers with Borates for Use Out of Ground Contact and Continuously Protected from Liquid Water”, or (f) CSA O80.36, “Preservative Treatment of Wood Products for Light-Duty Above-Ground Residential Uses by Pressure Processes”. (6) In addition to the requirements of Clause (5)(e), where wood is protected in accordance with CSA O80.34, “Pressure Preservative Treatment of Lumber and Timbers with Borates for Use Out of Ground Contact and Continuously Protected from Liquid Water”, the wood shall be, (a) protected from direct exposure to moisture during and after the completion of construction, and (b) separated from permeable supporting materials by a moisture barrier that is resistant to all expected mechanisms of deterioration in the service environment when the vertical clearance to the ground is less than 150 mm. (7) Wood that is required by this Article to be treated to resist termites or decay shall be identified by a mark to indicate its conformance to the relevant required standard. 9.3.3. Metal
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.3.3.2. Galvanized Sheet Steel (1) Where sheet steel is required to be galvanized, it shall be metallic-coated with zinc or an alloy of 55% aluminium-zinc meeting the requirements of, (a) ASTM A653 / A653M, “Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvanealed) by the Hot-Dip Process”, or (b) ASTM A792 / A792M, “Sheet Steel, 55% Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coated by the Hot Dip Process”. (2) Where galvanized sheet steel is intended for use in locations exposed to the weather or as a flashing material, it shall have a zinc coating not less than the G90 (Z275) coating designation or an aluminum-zinc alloy coating not less than the AZM150 coating designation, as referred to in Sentence (1). Section 9.4. Structural Requirements 9.4.1. Structural Design Requirements and Application Limitations
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.4.1.1. General  (1) Subject to the application limitations defined elsewhere in this Part, structural members and their connections shall, (a) conform to requirements provided elsewhere in this Part, (b) be designed according to good engineering practice such as provided in the CWC, “Engineering Guide for Wood Frame Construction”, or (c) be designed according to Part 4 using the loads and deflection and vibration limits specified in, (i) this Part, or (ii) Part 4. (2) Where floor framing is designed in accordance with Clause (1)(b) or (c) and where supporting wall framing and fastenings, or footings are designed according to Clause (1)(a), the specified live load on the floor shall not exceed 2.4 kPa. (3) Location-specific information for structural design, including snow and wind loads and seismic spectral response accelerations, shall be determined according to Supplementary Standard SB-1. 9.4.2. Specified Loads
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.4.2.1. Application (1) This Subsection applies to light-frame construction whose wall, floor and roof planes are generally comprised of frames of small repetitive structural members, and where, (a) the roof and wall planes are clad, sheathed or braced on at least one side, (b) the small repetitive structural members are spaced not more than 600 mm o.c., (c) the clear span of any structural member does not exceed 12.20 m, (d) the maximum deflection of the structural roof members conforms to Article 9.4.3.1., (e) the maximum total roof area, notwithstanding any separation of adjoining buildings by firewalls, is 4 550 m2, and (f) for flat roofs, there are no significant obstructions on the roof, such as parapet walls, spaced closer than the distance calculated by,  where, Do = minimum distance between obstructions, m, Ho = height of the obstruction above the roof, m, Ss = ground snow load, kPa, and = unit weight of snow, kN/m3.
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.4.2.2. Specified Design Snow Loads (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), specified snow loads shall be not less than those calculated using the following formula: S = Cb ∙ Ss + Sr where, S = specified snow load, Cb = basic snow load roof factor, which is 0.45 where the entire width of a roof does not exceed 4.3 m and 0.55 for all other roofs, Ss = 1-in-50 year ground snow load in kPa, determined according to Supplementary Standard SB-1, and Sr = associated 1-in-50 year rain load in kPa, determined according to Supplementary Standard SB-1. (2) In no case shall the specified snow load be less than 1 kPa. (3) Bow string, arch or semi-circular roof trusses having an unsupported span greater than 6 m shall be designed in conformance with the snow load requirements in Subsection 4.1.6.
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.4.2.3. Platforms Subject to Snow and Occupancy Loads (1) Balconies, decks and other accessible exterior platforms intended for an occupancy and subject to snow loads shall be designed to carry the specified roof snow load or 1.9 kPa, whichever is greater, where the platform, or each segregated area of the platform, serves a single dwelling unit.
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.4.2.4. Attics and Roof Spaces (1) Ceiling joists or truss bottom chords in residential attic or roof spaces shall be designed for a total specified load of not less than 0.35 kPa, where the total specified load is the sum of the specified dead load plus the specified live load of the ceiling and where, (a) the attic or roof spaces have limited accessibility that precludes the storage of equipment or material, and (b) the maximum attic height is not more than 1 000 mm measured vertically from the top of the truss bottom chord to the underside of the roof deck. 9.4.3. Deflections
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.4.3.1. Deflections (1) The maximum deflection of structural members shall conform to Table 9.4.3.1. (2) Dead loads need not be considered in computing deflections referred to in Sentence (1). Table 9.4.3.1.   Maximum Deflections Forming Part of Sentence 9.4.3.1.(1)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3


Structural Members

Type of Ceiling Supported

Max. Allowable Deflection as an Expressed Ratio of the Clear Span


Roof rafters, roof joists and roof beams 

No ceiling

1/180


Other than plaster or gypsum board

1/240


Plaster or gypsum board

1/360


Ceiling joists

Other than plaster or gypsum board

1/240


Plaster or gypsum board

1/360


Floor beams, floor joists and floor decking

All cases

1/360


Beams, joists and decking for balconies, decks and other accessible exterior platforms

Serving a single dwelling unit

1/240


Other

1/360 9.4.4. Foundation Conditions
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.4.4.1. Allowable Bearing Pressures (1) Footing sizes for shallow foundations shall be, (a) determined in accordance with Section 9.15., or (b) designed in accordance with Section 4.2. using, (i) the maximum allowable bearing pressures in Table 9.4.4.1., or (ii) allowable bearing pressures determined from subsurface investigation. (2) The design procedures described in Section 4.2. are permitted to be used in lieu of the design procedures in this Subsection. (3) The design procedures described in Section 4.2. shall be used where, (a) deep foundations are used, (b) the footing size falls outside the scope of this Section, or (c) the foundation is constructed on peat, filled ground or on sensitive clays as described in Article 9.15.1.1. Table 9.4.4.1.   Allowable Bearing Pressure for Soil or Rock Forming Part of Sentence 9.4.4.1.(1)  Column 1

Column 2


Type and Condition of Soil or Rock

Maximum Allowable Bearing Pressure, kPa


Dense or compact sand or gravel

150


Loose sand or gravel

50


Dense or compact silt

100


Stiff clay

150


Firm clay

75


Soft clay

40


Till

200


Clay shale

300


Sound rock

500
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.4.4.2. Foundation Capacity in Weaker Soil and Rock (1) Where a soil or rock within a distance equal to twice the footing width below the bearing surface has a lower allowable bearing pressure than that at the bearing surface as shown in Article 9.4.4.1., the design capacity of the foundation shall not be greater than would cause the weakest soil or rock to be stressed beyond its allowable bearing pressure. (2) In calculating subsurface pressures referred to in Sentence (1), the loads from the footings shall be assumed to be distributed uniformly over a horizontal plane within a frustum extending downward from the footing at an angle of 60° to the horizontal.
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.4.4.4. Soil Movement (1) Where a foundation is located in an area where soil movement caused by changes in soil moisture content, freezing, or chemical-microbiological oxidation is known to occur to the extent that it will damage a building, measures shall be taken to preclude such movement or to reduce the effects on the building so that the building’s stability and the performance of assemblies will not be adversely affected. (2) Any surcharge shall be in addition to the equivalent fluid pressure specified in Sentence (1).
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.4.4.6. Wall Supporting Drained Earth (1) Except where constructed in accordance with Section 9.15., walls supporting drained earth shall be designed, (a) for a pressure equivalent to that exerted by a fluid with a density of not less than 480 kg/m3 and a depth equal to that of the retained earth, or (b) in accordance with Section 4.2. so as to be able to resist the loads and effects described in Article 4.1.2.1. (2) Walls supporting other than drained earth shall be designed, (a) for the pressure described in Clause (1)(a) plus the fluid pressure of the surcharge, or (b) in accordance with Section 4.2. so as to be able to resist the loads, forces and effects described in Article 4.1.2.1. Section 9.5. Design of Areas and Spaces 9.5.1. General
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.5.1.1. Application  (1) Unless otherwise specifically indicated, this Section applies only to dwelling units that are intended for use on a continuing or year-round basis as the principal residence of the occupant.
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.5.1.2. Method of Measurement (1) Unless otherwise indicated in this Part, the areas, dimensions and heights of rooms or spaces shall be measured between finished wall surfaces and between finished floor and ceiling surfaces.
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.5.2.1. General (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Article 3.8.1.1., every building shall be designed in conformance with Section 3.8. (2) The requirements of Section 3.8. need not be provided for houses including semi-detached houses, duplexes, triplexes, town houses, row houses and boarding, or rooming houses with fewer than 8 boarders or roomers.
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.5.2.2. Protection on Floor Areas with a Barrier-Free Path of Travel (1) Where a barrier-free path of travel required in Article 9.5.2.1. is provided to any storey above the first storey, the requirements in Article 3.3.1.7. shall apply.
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.5.2.3. Stud Wall Reinforcement  (1) If wood wall studs or sheet steel wall studs enclose the main bathroom in a dwelling unit, reinforcement shall be installed to permit the future installation of a grab bar on a wall adjacent to, (a) a water closet in the location required by Clause 3.8.3.8.(1)(d), and (b) a shower or bathtub in the location required by Clause 3.8.3.13.(1)(f). 9.5.3. Ceiling Heights
Notes to Table 9.3.1.7.:
9.5.3.1. Ceiling Heights of Rooms or Spaces (1) The ceiling heights of rooms or spaces in residential occupancies and live/work units shall conform to Table 9.5.3.1. (2) Areas in rooms or spaces over which ceiling height is not less than the minimum specified in Table 9.5.3.1. shall be contiguous with the entry or entries to those rooms or spaces. Table 9.5.3.1.   Room Ceiling Heights Forming Part of Sentences 9.5.3.1.(1) and (2)  Column 1

Column 2


Room or Space

Minimum Heights(1)


Living room or space, dining room or space, kitchen or kitchen space

2 300 mm over at least 75 per cent of the required floor area with a clear height of 2 100 mm at any point over the required area


Bedroom or bedroom space

2 300 mm over at least 50 per cent of the required area or 2 100 mm over all of the required floor area. Any part of the floor having a clear height of less than 1 400 mm shall not be considered in computing the required floor area.


Basement space

2 100 mm over at least 75 per cent of the basement area except that under beams and ducts the clearance is permitted to be reduced to 1 950 mm


Bathroom, water closet room or laundry area above grade

2 100 mm in any area where a person would normally be in a standing position


Passage, hall or main entrance vestibule and finished rooms not specifically mentioned above

2 100 mm
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.5.3.2. Mezzanines (1) The ceiling height above and below a mezzanine floor assembly in all occupancies shall be not less than 2 100 mm.
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.5.3.3. Storage Garages (1) The clear height in a storage garage shall be not less than 2 000 mm. 9.5.4. Living Rooms or Spaces Within Dwelling Units
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.5.4.1. Areas of Living Rooms and Spaces (1) Living areas within dwelling units, either as separate rooms or in combination with other spaces, shall have an area not less than 13.5 m². (2) Where the area of a living space is combined with a kitchen and dining area, the living area alone in a dwelling unit that contains sleeping accommodation for not more than 2 persons shall be not less than 11 m². 9.5.5. Dining Rooms or Spaces Within Dwelling Units
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.5.5.1. Area of Dining Rooms or Spaces (1) A dining space in combination with other space shall have an area of not less than 3.25 m². (2) Dining rooms not combined with other space shall have a minimum area of 7 m². 9.5.6. Kitchens Within Dwelling Units
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.5.6.1. Kitchen Areas (1) Kitchen areas within dwelling units either separate from or in combination with other spaces, shall have an area of not less than 4.2 m² including the area occupied by the base cabinets, except that in dwelling units containing sleeping accommodation for not more than 2 persons, the minimum area shall be 3.7 m². 9.5.7. Bedrooms or Spaces in Dwelling Units and Dormitories
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.5.7.4. Areas of Other Sleeping Rooms (1) Sleeping rooms other than in dwelling units shall have an area not less than 7 m² per person for single occupancy and 4.6 m² per person for multiple occupancy.
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.5.7.6. Camps for Housing Workers (1) A camp for housing of workers shall have a minimum area of 3.72 m² per employee in every room used for sleeping purposes. 9.5.8. Combined Spaces
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.5.8.1. Combined Living, Dining, Bedroom and Kitchen Spaces (1) Despite Subsections 9.5.4. to 9.5.7., where living, dining, bedroom and kitchen spaces are combined in a dwelling unit that contains sleeping accommodation for not more than 2 persons, the area of the combined spaces shall be not less than 13.5 m2. 9.5.9. Bathrooms and Water Closet Rooms
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.5.9.1. Space to Accommodate Fixtures (1) In every dwelling unit an enclosed space of sufficient size shall be provided to accommodate a water closet, lavatory and bathtub or shower stall. 9.5.10. Hallways
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.5.10.1. Width of Hallway Within Dwelling Unit (1) The unobstructed width of a hallway within a dwelling unit shall be not less than 860 mm, except that the hallway width is permitted to be 710 mm where, (a) there are only bedrooms and bathrooms at the end of the hallway furthest from the living area, and (b) a second exit is provided, (i) in the hallway near the end furthest from the living area, or (ii) in each bedroom served by the hallway. Section 9.6. Doors 9.6.1. General
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.6.1.1. Application (1) This Section applies to doors, to glazed areas in doors and to sidelights for doors. 9.6.2. Required Doors
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.6.2.1. Doors for Dwelling Units (1) A door shall be provided at each entrance to a dwelling unit and to each room containing a water closet within a dwelling unit. 9.6.3. Doorway Sizes
Notes to Table 9.5.3.1.:
9.6.3.1. Doorway Opening Sizes (1) Except as provided in Articles 9.6.3.3., 9.9.6.2. and 9.9.6.3., doorway openings within dwelling units shall be designed to accommodate at least the door sizes in Table 9.6.3.1. for swing-type doors or folding doors. Table 9.6.3.1.   Minimum Size of Door Forming Part of Sentence 9.6.3.1.(1)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3


At Entrance to:

Minimum Width, mm

Minimum Height, mm


Dwelling unit (required entrance) 

810

1 980


Vestibule or entrance hall

 

 


Stairs to a floor level that contains a finished space

810

1 980


All doors in at least one line of passage from the exterior to the basement

 

 


Utility rooms

 

 


Walk-in closet

610

1 980


Bathroom, water closet room, shower room(1)

610

1 980


Rooms located off hallways that are permitted to be 710 mm wide

610

1 980


Rooms not mentioned above, exterior balconies

760

1 980
Notes to Table 9.6.3.1.:
9.6.3.2. Doors to Public Water Closet Rooms (1) Doors to public water closet rooms shall be not less than 810 mm wide and 2 030 mm high.
Notes to Table 9.6.3.1.:
9.6.3.3. Doors to Bathrooms (1) Where a barrier-free path of travel conforming to Section 3.8. is provided into a suite of residential occupancy and where a bathroom within the suite is at the level of the suite entrance door, the doorway to such bathroom and to each bedroom at the same level as such bathroom shall have, when the door is in the open position, a clear width of not less than, (a) 760 mm where the door is served by a corridor or space not less than 1 060 mm wide, and (b) 810 mm where the door is served by a corridor or space less than 1 060 mm wide. 9.6.4. Door Sill Height
Notes to Table 9.6.3.1.:
9.6.4.1. Height of Door Sills Above Floors or Ground (1) Doors in buildings of residential occupancy, where the finished floor on one side of the door is more than 600 mm above the floor or other surface or ground level on the other side of the door, shall be protected by, (a) a guard, in accordance with Subsection 9.8.8., or (b) a mechanism capable of controlling the free swinging or sliding of the door so as to limit any clear unobstructed opening to not more than 100 mm. 9.6.5. Exterior Doors
Notes to Table 9.6.3.1.:
9.6.5.1. Exterior Wood Flush Doors (1) Exterior wood flush doors shall conform to CAN/CSA-O132.2 Series, “Wood Flush Doors”. (2) Each door described in Sentence (1) shall indicate legibly, (a) the name of the manufacturer, (b) the standard to which it is produced, and (c) that it is of an exterior type.
Notes to Table 9.6.3.1.:
9.6.5.2. Sliding Doors (1) Sliding doors shall conform to CAN/CGSB-82.1-M, “Sliding Doors”.
Notes to Table 9.6.3.1.:
9.6.5.3. Insulated Steel Doors (1) Insulated steel doors shall conform to CAN/CGSB-82.5-M, “Insulated Steel Doors”.
Notes to Table 9.6.3.1.:
9.6.5.4. Air Infiltration for Exterior Swing Type Doors (1) Except where a door is weather-stripped on all edges, and protected with a storm door, or by an enclosed unheated space, an exterior swing type door assemblies shall have a rate of air infiltration not exceeding 1.16 L/s for each metre of crack length when tested at a pressure differential of 75 Pa in conformance with ASTM E283, “Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen”.
Notes to Table 9.6.3.1.:
9.6.5.5. Air Infiltration for Patio Type Sliding Doors (1) A patio type sliding glass door shall have a rate of air infiltration not exceeding 3.8 L/s for each square metre of door area when tested in conformance with ASTM E283, “Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen”.
Notes to Table 9.6.3.1.:
9.6.5.6. Weather Stripping (1) In buildings of residential occupancy weather stripping shall be provided around all exterior doors except garage doors. 9.6.6. Glass
Notes to Table 9.6.3.1.:
9.6.6.1. Maximum Area of Glass (1) The maximum area of individual panes of glass for doors shall conform to Table 9.6.6.1. Table 9.6.6.1.   Maximum Glass Area for Doors Forming Part of Sentence 9.6.6.1.(1)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8


 

Maximum Glass Area, m2


 

Type of Glass


Glass Thickness, mm

Annealed

Annealed Multiple-Glazed Factory-Sealed Units

Laminated

Wired

Heat Strengthened

Fully Tempered

Fully Tempered Multiple-Glazed Factory-Sealed Units


3

0.50

0.70

(1)

(1)

1.00

1.00

2.00


4

1.00

1.50

(1)

(1)

1.50

4.00

4.00


5

1.50

1.50

(1)

(1)

1.50

No Limit

No Limit


6

1.50

1.50

1.20

1.00

1.50

No Limit

No Limit
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.6.2. Glass in Doors and Sidelights (1) Glass in doors and sidelights for doors shall conform to Sentence 9.7.3.1.(1). (2) Glass in sidelights greater than 500 mm wide that could be mistaken for doors, glass in storm doors and glass in sliding doors within or at every entrance to a dwelling unit and in public areas shall be, (a) safety glass of the tempered or laminated type conforming to CAN/CGSB-12.1-M, “Tempered or Laminated Safety Glass”, or (b) wired glass conforming to CAN/CGSB-12.11-M, “Wired Safety Glass”. (3) Except as provided in Article 9.7.5.2., glass in entrance doors to dwelling units and in public areas other than the entrance door described in Sentence (2), shall be safety glass or wired glass of the type described in Sentence (2) where the glass area exceeds 0.5 m2 and extends to less than 900 mm from the bottom of the door.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.6.3. Mirrored Glass Doors (1) Mirrored glass doors are permitted to be used only at the entrance to clothes closets and shall conform to the requirements of CAN/CGSB-82.6-M, “Doors, Mirrored Glass, Sliding or Folding Wardrobe”. (2) Mirrored glass doors reinforced with a film backing shall meet the impact resistance requirements specified in CAN/CGSB-12.5-M, “Mirrors, Silvered”.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.6.4. Visibility of Glass or Transparent Doors (1) Except as provided in Article 9.7.5.2., every glass or transparent door accessible to the public shall be equipped with hardware, bars or other permanent fixtures designed so that the existence and position of such door will be readily apparent.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.6.5. Glass for Shower or Bathtub Enclosures (1) Glass other than safety glass shall not be used for a shower or bathtub enclosure. 9.6.7. Thermal Breaks
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.7.1. Application (1) This Subsection applies to doors and sidelights separating heated space from unheated space or the exterior.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.7.2. Required Thermal Breaks (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), metal frames for doors, for glazing in doors, and for sidelights for doors shall incorporate a thermal break. (2) Thermal breaks need not be installed in accordance with Sentence (1) where the doors are, (a) garage doors, (b) storm doors, or (c) doors that are required to have a fire-resistance rating. 9.6.8. Resistance to Forced Entry
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.8.1. Application   (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), this Subsection applies to, (a) swinging entrance doors to dwelling units, (b) swinging doors between dwelling units and attached garages or other ancillary spaces, and (c) swinging doors that provide access directly or indirectly from a storage garage to a dwelling unit. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to exterior doors to garages and to other ancillary spaces.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.8.2. Wood Doors (1) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., wood doors as described in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) shall, (a) be solid core or stile and rail type, (b) be not less than 45 mm thick, and (c) if of the stile and rail panel type, have a panel thickness of not less than 19 mm, with a total panel area not more than half of the door area.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.8.3. Deadbolt Lock (1) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., doors described in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) shall be provided with a deadbolt lock with a cylinder having no fewer than 5 pins and a bolt throw not less than 25 mm, protected with a solid or hardened free-turning ring or bevelled cylinder housing.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.8.4. Double Doors (1) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., an inactive leaf in double doors used in locations specified in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) shall be provided with heavy duty bolts top and bottom having an engagement of not less than 15 mm.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.8.5. Fastening of Hinges (1) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., hinges for doors in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) shall be fastened to wood doors with wood screws not less than 25 mm long and to wood frames with wood screws such that at least two screws per hinge penetrate not less than 30 mm into solid wood. (2) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., hinges for doors in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) shall be fastened to metal doors and metal frames with machine screws not smaller than No. 8 and not less than 10 mm long.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.8.6. Fastening of Strikeplates (1) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., strikeplates for deadbolts described in Sentence 9.6.8.3.(1) shall be fastened to wood frames with wood screws that penetrate not less than 30 mm into solid wood. (2) Except as permitted in Article 9.6.8.10., strikeplates for deadbolts in Sentence 9.6.8.3.(1) shall be fastened to metal frames with machine screws not smaller than No. 8 and not less than 10 mm long.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.8.7. Outward Swinging Doors (1) Except for storm doors or screen doors, doors described in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) that swing outward shall be provided with hinges or pins so that the doors cannot be removed when they are in the closed position.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.8.8. Door Viewer (1) Main entrance doors to dwelling units shall be provided with, (a) a door viewer or transparent glazing in the door, or (b) a sidelight.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.8.9. Solid Blocking (1) Solid blocking shall be provided on both sides at the lock height between the jambs for doors described in Sentence 9.6.8.1.(1) and the structural framing so that the jambs will resist spreading by force.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.6.8.10. Alternate Test Procedure (1) Doors, frames and hardware that conform to a security level of at least Grade 10 as described in the Annex to ASTM F476, “Security of Swinging Door Assemblies”, are not required to conform to Articles 9.6.8.2. to 9.6.8.6. Section 9.7. Windows and Skylights 9.7.1. General
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.7.1.1. Application (1) Windows and skylights shall conform to the requirements of this Section.
Notes to Table 9.6.6.1.:
9.7.1.2. Minimum Window Areas (1) Except as required in Article 9.7.1.3. and Sentence (3), the minimum window glass area for rooms in buildings of residential occupancy or that are used for sleeping shall conform to Table 9.7.1.2. (2) The unobstructed glass area of a door or skylight is considered equivalent to that of a window. (3) Work areas in live/work units shall conform to Clause 3.7.2.1.(2)(a). (4) Where rooms with different requirements for window glass area are combined as described in Sentence 9.5.1.4.(1), the more restrictive requirement shall govern. Table 9.7.1.2.   Glass Areas for Rooms of Residential Occupancy Forming Part of Sentence 9.7.1.2.(1)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3


Location

Minimum Unobstructed Glass Area With No Electric Lighting

Minimum Unobstructed Glass Area With Electric Lighting


Laundry, basement recreation room, unfinished basement

4% of area served

Windows not required


Water closet room

0.37 m²

Windows not required


Kitchen, 

10% of area served

Windows not required


kitchen space,

 

 


kitchen alcove

 

 


Living rooms and dining rooms

10% of area served

10% of area served


Bedrooms and other finished rooms not mentioned above

5% of area served(1)

5% of area served(1)
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.1.3. Bedroom Windows (1) Except where a door on the same floor level as the bedroom provides direct access to the exterior, every floor level containing a bedroom in a suite shall be provided with at least 1 outside window that, (a) is openable from the inside without the use of tools, (b) provides an individual, unobstructed open portion having a minimum area of 0.35 m² with no dimension less than 380 mm, and (c) maintains the required opening described in Clause (b) without the need for additional support. (2) Except for basement areas, the window described in Sentence (1) shall have a maximum sill height of 1 000 mm above the floor. (3) When sliding windows are used, the minimum dimension described in Sentence (1) shall apply to the openable portion of the window. (4) Where the sleeping area within a live/work unit is on a mezzanine with no obstructions more than 1 070 mm above the floor, the window required in Sentence (1) may be provided on the main level of the live/work unit provided the mezzanine is not more than 25% of the area of the live/work unit or 20 m2 whichever is less and an unobstructed direct path of travel is provided from the mezzanine to this window.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.1.4. Window Opening into a Window-Well (1) Where a window required in Article 9.7.1.3. opens into a window-well, a clearance of not less than 550 mm shall be provided in front of the window. (2) Where the sash of a window referred to in Sentence (1) swings towards the window-well, the operation of the sash shall not reduce the clearance in a manner that would restrict escape in an emergency. (3) Where a protective enclosure is installed over the window-well referred to in Sentence (1), such enclosure shall be openable from the inside without the use of keys, tools or special knowledge of the opening mechanism.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.1.5. Termites (1) In localities where termites are known to occur and where windows or other openings at or below grade contain wood elements, the bottom of window wells or adjacent ground shall be at least 150 mm below the nearest wood unless the wood is pressure-treated with a chemical toxic to termites in accordance with Article 9.3.2.9.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.1.6. Height of Window Sills above Floors or Ground (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), openable windows in buildings of residential occupancy shall be protected by, (a) a guard in accordance with Subsection 9.8.8., or (b) a mechanism capable of controlling the free swinging or sliding of the openable part of the window so as to limit any clear unobstructed opening to not more than 100 mm measured either vertically or horizontally where the other dimension is greater than 380 mm. (2) Windows need not be protected in accordance with Sentence (1) where, (a) the window serves a dwelling unit that is not located above another suite, (b) the only opening greater than 100 mm by 380 mm is a horizontal opening at the top of the window, (c) the top surface of the window sill is located more than 480 mm above the finished floor on one side of the window, or (d) the window is located in a room or space with the finished floor described in Clause (c) located less than 1 800 mm above the floor or ground on the other side of the window.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.1.7. Air Infiltration of Exterior Windows (1) The air leakage rate of windows shall not exceed 1.65 m3/h per metre of crack length when evaluated in accordance with the CAN/CSA-A440.1, “User Selection Guide to CSA Standard CAN/CSA-A440-00 Windows”. 9.7.2. Window Standards
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.2.1. Window Standard (1) Windows shall conform to, (a) CAN/CSA-A440, “Windows”, and (b) the CAN/CSA-A440.1, “User Selection Guide to CSA Standard CAN/CSA-A440-00 Windows”. 9.7.3. Glass
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.3.1. Glass Standards (1) Glass shall conform to, (a) CAN/CGSB-12.1-M, “Tempered or Laminated Safety Glass”, (b) CAN/CGSB-12.2-M, “Flat, Clear Sheet Glass”, (c) CAN/CGSB-12.3-M, “Flat, Clear Float Glass”, (d) CAN/CGSB-12.4-M, “Heat-Absorbing Glass”, (e) CAN/CGSB-12.8, “Insulating Glass Units”, (f) CAN/CGSB-12.10-M, “Glass, Light and Heat/Reflecting”, (g) CAN/CGSB-12.11-M, “Wired Safety Glass”, or (h) ASTM E2190, “Insulating Glass Unit Performance and Evaluation”.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.3.2. Structural Design of Glass (1) Glass in windows, sloped glazing and skylights shall be designed in conformance with CAN/CGSB-12.20-M, “Structural Design of Glass for Buildings”. 9.7.4. Caulking and Glazing
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.4.1. Sealing Compound (1) The sealing compound used to seal the glass component of a factory-sealed double-glazed unit to the sash component shall be compatible with the material used to edge seal the glass component.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.4.2. Caulking Compound (1) Caulking shall be provided between window frames or trim and the exterior siding or masonry in conformance with Subsection 9.27.4. 9.7.5. Protection of Windows in Public Areas
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.5.1. Transparent Panels (1) Except as provided in Article 9.7.5.2., transparent panels that could be mistaken as a means of egress shall be protected by barriers or railings.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.5.2. Sliding Glass Partitions (1) Sliding glass partitions that separate a public corridor from an adjacent occupancy and that are open during working hours need not conform to Article 9.7.5.1. and Sentence 9.6.6.2.(3), except that such partitions shall be suitably marked to indicate their existence and position.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.5.3. Windows over Stairs, Ramps and Landings (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), windows over stairs, ramps and landings that extend to less than 1 070 mm above the surface to the treads, ramp or landing shall be, (a) protected by guards, in accordance with Subsection 9.8.8., or (b) non-openable and designed to withstand the specified lateral loads for guards as provided in Article 4.1.5.15. or 9.8.8.2. (2) In dwelling units, windows over stairs, ramps and landings that extend to less than 900 mm above the surface to the treads, ramp or landing shall be, (a) protected by guards, in accordance with Subsection 9.8.8., or (b) non-openable and designed to withstand the specified lateral loads for guards as provided in Article 4.1.5.15. or 9.8.8.2.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.5.4. Windows above the Second Storey (1) Windows in public areas that extend to less than 1 000 mm from the floor and are located above the second storey in buildings of residential occupancy shall be, (a) protected by guards in accordance with Subsection 9.8.8., or (b) non-openable and designed to withstand the lateral design loads for guards as provided in Article 4.1.5.15. or 9.8.8.2. 9.7.6. Resistance to Forced Entry
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.6.1. Forced Entry Through Windows (1) In dwelling units, windows, any part of which is located within 2 000 mm of adjacent ground level, shall conform to the requirements for resistance to forced entry as described in Clause 10.13 of CAN/CSA-A440-M, “Windows”. 9.7.7. Skylights
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.7.1. Plastic Skylights (1) Plastic skylights shall conform to CAN/CGSB-63.14-M, “Plastic Skylights”.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.7.7.2. Glass Skylights (1) Factory-built glass skylights shall meet the performance requirements of CAN/CGSB-63.14-M, “Plastic Skylights”. Section 9.8. Stairs, Ramps, Handrails and Guards 9.8.1. Application
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.8.1.1. General (1) This Section applies to the design and construction of interior and exterior stairs, steps, ramps, railings and guards.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.8.1.2. Exit Stairs, Ramps and Landings (1) Where a stair, ramp or landing forms part of an exit, the appropriate requirements in Sections 9.9. and 9.10. shall also apply.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.8.1.3. Escalators and Moving Walkways (1) Escalators and moving walkways shall conform to the appropriate requirements in Part 3. 9.8.2. Stair Dimensions
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.8.2.1. Stair Width (1) Required exit stairs and public stairs shall have a width, measured between wall faces or guards, of not less than 900 mm. (2) At least 1 stair between each floor level within a dwelling unit, and exterior stairs serving a single dwelling unit except required exit stairs, shall have a width of not less than 860 mm.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.8.2.2. Height over Stairs (1) The clear height over stairs measured vertically from a line drawn through the leading edges of the treads, shall be not less than, (a) 1 950 mm for stairs within dwelling units, and (b) 2 050 mm for stairs not within dwelling units. 9.8.3. Stair Configurations
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.8.3.1. Straight and Curved Runs in Stairs (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), stairs shall consist of, (a) straight-runs, or (b) curved-runs. (2) Stairs within dwelling units shall consist of, (a) straight-runs, (b) curved-runs, (c) straight-runs with winders, or (d) straight-runs with curved-runs.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.8.3.2 Minimum Number of Risers  (1) Except for stairs within a dwelling unit, at least 3 risers shall be provided in interior flights.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.8.3.3. Maximum Height of Stairs (1) The vertical height between any landings shall not exceed 3.7 m. 9.8.4. Step Dimensions
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.8.4.1. Uniformity and Tolerances for Risers and Treads (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), risers shall have uniform height in any one flight with a maximum tolerance of, (a) 6 mm between adjacent treads or landings, and (b) 6 mm between the tallest and shortest risers in a flight. (2) Except for required exit stairs, where the top or bottom riser in a stair adjoins a sloping finished walking surface such as a garage floor, driveway or sidewalk, the height of the riser across the stair shall vary by not more than 1 in 12. (3) Treads shall have uniform run and tread depth, with a maximum tolerance of, (a) 6 mm between adjacent treads, and (b) 6 mm between the deepest and shallowest runs and treads in a flight. (4) Where angled treads or winders are incorporated into a stair, the treads in all sets of angled treads or winders within a flight shall turn in the same direction. (5) Cross-slope of treads shall not exceed 1 in 100.
Notes to Table 9.7.1.2.:
9.8.4.2. Dimensions for Risers  (1) Risers shall conform to Table 9.8.4.2. Table 9.8.4.2.   Riser Height, Run and Tread Depth for Rectangular Treads Forming Part of Sentences 9.8.4.2.(1) and 9.8.4.3.(1)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7


Stair Type

All Steps

Rectangular Treads


Rise, mm

Run, mm

Tread Depth, mm


max.

min.

max.

min.

max.

min.


Service and mezzanines in live/work units(1)

no limit

125

355

no limit

355

no limit


Private(2)

200

125

355

210

355

235


Public(3)

200

125

355

230

355

250
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.4.3. Dimensions for Rectangular Treads (1) The run and tread depth of rectangular treads shall conform to Table 9.8.4.2. (2) The depth of a rectangular tread shall be not less than its run and not more that its run plus 25 mm.
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.4.4. Dimensions for Angled Treads  (1) Angled treads in required exit stairs shall comply with Article 3.4.6.8. (2) Except as provided in Article 9.8.4.5., angled treads in other than required exit stairs shall have an average run of not less than 200 mm and a minimum run of 150 mm. (3) The depth of an angled tread shall be not less than its run at any point and not more than its run plus 25 mm.
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.4.5. Winders (1) Stairs within dwelling units are permitted to contain winders that converge to a centre point provided, (a) the winders turn through an angle of not more than 90°, (b) individual treads turn through an angle of not less than 30° or not more than 45°, and (c) adjacent winders turn through the same angle. (2) Where more than one set of winders described in Sentence (1) is provided in a single stairway between adjacent floor levels, such winders shall be separated in plan by at least 1 200 mm.
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.4.6. Leading Edges of Treads  (1) Leading edges of treads that are bevelled or rounded shall, (a) not reduce the required tread depth by more than 15 mm, and (b) not, in any case, exceed 25 mm horizontally.
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.4.7. Interior Stairs Extending Through the Roof (1) Interior stairways extending through the roof of a building shall be protected from ice and snow. 9.8.5. Ramps
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.5.1. Application (1) This Subsection applies to pedestrian ramps except ramps in a barrier-free path of travel. (2) Ramps in a barrier-free path of travel shall conform to the requirements in Article 3.8.3.4.
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.5.2. Ramp Width  (1) Except for required exit ramps, public ramps shall have a width of not less than 900 mm. (2) Ramps within dwelling units, and exterior ramps serving a single dwelling unit except required exit ramps, shall have a width of not less than 860 mm.
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.5.3. Height over Ramps  (1) The clear height over ramps shall be not less than, (a) 1 950 mm for ramps within dwelling units, and (b) 2 050 mm for ramps not within dwelling units.
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.5.4. Slope  (1) The slope of ramps shall be not more than, (a) 1 in 10 for exterior ramps, (b) 1 in 10 for interior ramps serving residential occupancies, (c) 1 in 6 for mercantile or industrial occupancies, and (d) 1 in 8 for all other occupancies.
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.5.5. Maximum Rise  (1) Where the slope of the ramp is greater than 1 in 12, the maximum rise between floors or landings shall be 1 500 mm. 9.8.6. Landings
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.6.1. Application (1) This Subsection applies to landings, except landings for ramps in a barrier-free path of travel. (2) Landings for ramps in a barrier-free path of travel shall conform to the requirements in Article 3.8.3.4. (3) Finished floors, and ground surfaces with a slope not exceeding 1 in 100, at the top and bottom of stairs or ramps shall be considered as landings.
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.6.2. Required Landings (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4) and Sentence 9.9.6.6.(2), a landing shall be provided, (a) at the top and bottom of each flight of interior and exterior stairs, including stairs in garages, (b) at the top and bottom of every ramp with a slope greater than 1 in 50, and (c) where a doorway opens onto a stair or ramp. (2) Where a door at the top of a stair in a dwelling unit swings away from the stair, no landing is required between the doorway and the stair. (3) A landing may be omitted at the top of a stair serving a secondary entrance to a single dwelling unit, including an entrance from an attached garage, provided, (a) the stair does not contain more than 3 risers, (b) except as provided in Clause (c), the door is a sliding door or swings away from the stair, and (c) where a storm or screen door is provided, it may swing over the stair if it is equipped with hardware to hold it open. (4) A landing may be omitted at the bottom of an exterior stair or ramp provided there is no obstruction, such as a gate or door, within the lesser of the width of the stair or ramp or, (a) 900 mm for stairs or ramps serving a single dwelling unit, and (b) 1100 mm for stairs or ramps not serving a single dwelling unit.
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.6.3. Dimensions of Landings (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4), the width and length of landings shall comply with Table 9.8.6.3. (2) Where stairs or ramps of different widths adjoin a single landing, the width of the landing shall be, (a) not less than the greater required stair or ramp width where one or more of the stair or ramp widths do not exceed their respective required widths, or (b) not less than the lesser actual stair or ramp width where all of the widths of the stairs or ramps exceed their respective required widths. (3) Where a door swings toward a stair, the full arc of the swing shall be over the landing. (4) Where a doorway or stairway opens onto the side of a ramp, the landing shall extend for a distance of not less than 300 mm on either side of the doorway or stairway, except on a side abutting an end wall. Table 9.8.6.3.   Dimensions of Landings Forming Part of Sentence 9.8.6.3.(1)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4


Application

Landing Configuration

Minimum Width, mm

Length, mm


Stairs and ramps serving a single dwelling unit

In straight-run stair or ramp, or landing turning through less than 30°, within a dwelling unit

Width of stair or ramp

Not less than 860


In straight-run exterior stair or ramp, or exterior landing turning through less than 30°

Width of stair or ramp

Not less than 900


Landing turning through an angle of 30° or more, but less than 90°

Width of stair or ramp measured at right angle to path of travel 
(a) Not less than 230 measured at the inside edge of the landing, and (b) Not less than 370 measured 230 mm from the inside edge of landing or handrail


Landing turning through not less than 90°

Width of stair or ramp measured at right angle to path of travel

Not less than width of landing


Stairs and ramps serving other than single dwelling units

In straight-run stair or ramp, or landing turning through less than 30°

Width of stair or ramp

Lesser of required width of stair or ramp, or 1 100


Landing turning through 30° or more

Width of stair or ramp measured at right angle to path of travel

Not less than width of stair or landing
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.6.4. Height over Landings (1) The clear height over landings shall be not less than, (a) 1 950 mm for landings within dwelling units, and (b) 2 050 mm for landings not within dwelling units. 9.8.7. Handrails
Notes to Table 9.8.4.2.:
9.8.7.1. Required Handrails (1) Except as permitted in Sentences (2) and (3), a handrail shall be provided, (a) on at least one side of stairs or ramps less than 1 100 mm in width, (b) on 2 sides of curved stairs or curved ramps of any width, except curved stairs within dwelling units, and (c) on 2 sides of stairs or ramps 1 100 mm in width or greater. (2) Handrails are not required for, (a) interior stairs having not more than 2 risers and serving a single dwelling unit, (b) exterior stairs having not more than 3 risers and serving a single dwelling unit, (c) ramps with a slope of not less than 1 in 12, or (d) ramps rising not more than 400 mm. (3) Only one handrail is required on exterior stairs having more than 3 risers provided such stairs serve a single dwelling unit.