jswizzle3737/ontario_laws_and_regs huggingface dataset:
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
5.6.1.2. Protective Material and Component Properties (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), where western cedar shakes or shingles are installed to provide the required protection from precipitation, (a) shakes shall be not less than No.1 or Handsplit grade, and (b) shingles shall be not less than No. 2 grade. (2) Where western cedar shakes or shingles are installed as undercoursing to provide required protection from precipitation on vertical assemblies, they shall be not less than No. 3 grade. (3) Except as provided in Sentence (4), where eastern white cedar shingles are installed to provide the required protection from precipitation, they shall be not less less than B (clear) grade. (4) Where eastern white shingles are installed as undercoursing to provide the required protection from precipitation on vertical assemblies, they shall be not less than C grade.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
5.6.1.3. Installation of Protective Materials (1) Where a material applied to a sloped or horizontal assembly is installed to provide required protection from precipitation and its installation is covered in the scope of one of the following standards, installation shall conform to the requirements of the respective standard: (a) CAN/CGSB-37.51-M, “Application of Hot Applied Rubberized Asphalt for Roofing and Waterproofing”, (b) CGSB 37-GP-55M, “Application of Sheet Applied Flexible Polyvinyl Chloride Roofing Membrane”, (c) CAN3-A123.51-M, “Asphalt Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:3 and Steeper”, or (d) CAN3-A123.52-M, “Asphalt Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:6 to less than 1:3”. (2) Where masonry applied to vertical assemblies is installed to provide required protection from precipitation, installation shall conform to the requirements of CSA A371, “Masonry Construction for Buildings”. (3) Where protective materials are applied to assemblies to provide the required protection from precipitation, the materials shall be installed so as to shed precipitation or otherwise minimize its entry into the assembly and prevent its penetration through the assembly. 5.6.2. Sealing, Drainage, Accumulation and Disposal
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
5.6.2.1. Sealing and Drainage   (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), materials, components, assemblies, joints in materials, junctions between components and junctions between assemblies exposed to precipitation shall be, (a) sealed to prevent ingress of precipitation, or (b) drained to direct precipitation to the exterior. (2) Sealing or drainage are not required where it can be shown that the omission of sealing and drainage will not adversely affect any of, (a) the health or safety of building users, (b) the intended use of the building, or (c) the operation of building services.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
5.6.2.2. Accumulation and Disposal (1) Where water, snow or ice can accumulate on a building, provision shall be made to minimize the likelihood of hazardous conditions arising from such accumulation. (2) Where precipitation can accumulate on sloped or horizontal assemblies, provision shall be made for drainage conforming with Section 7.4. (3) Where downspouts are provided and are not connected to a sewer, provisions shall be made to, (a) divert the water from the building, and (b) prevent soil erosion. (4) Junctions between vertical assemblies, and sloped or horizontal assemblies, shall be designed and constructed to minimize the flow of water from the sloped or horizontal assembly onto the vertical assembly.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
5.6.2.3. Solar Collector Systems (1) A solar collector system is permitted to be installed above roofing materials conforming to Table 5.10.1.1. Section 5.7. Surface Water 5.7.1. Protection from Surface Water
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
5.7.1.1. Prevention of Accumulation and Ingress (1) Except as provided in Sentence (3), the building shall be located, the building site graded or catch basins installed so that surface water will not accumulate against the building. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), the foundation walls shall be constructed so that surface water will not, (a) enter the building, or (b) damage moisture susceptible materials. (3) Buildings specifically designed to accommodate accumulation of water at the building or the ingress of water need not comply with Sentence (1) or Clause (2)(a). Section 5.8. Moisture in the Ground 5.8.1. Foundation and Floor Drainage
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
5.8.1.1. Required Drainage (1) Except where a wall or floor is subject to continuous hydrostatic pressure, or unless it can be shown to be unnecessary, the bottom of every exterior foundation wall and every floor-on-ground shall be provided with drainage.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
5.8.1.2. Drainage Materials and Installation (1) Drainage shall be designed and installed to accommodate the drainage load. 5.8.2. Protection from Moisture in the Ground
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
5.8.2.1. Required Moisture Protection (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), where a building element separates interior space from the ground, materials, components or assemblies shall be installed to prevent moisture transfer into the space. (2) Materials, components or assemblies need not be installed to prevent moisture transfer from the ground where it can be shown that such transfer will not adversely affect any of, (a) the health or safety of building users, (b) the intended use of the building, or (c) the operation of building services.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
5.8.2.2. Protective Material and Component Properties (1) Except where it can be shown that lesser protection will not lead to adverse conditions, or as provided in Article 5.8.2.3., materials and components installed to provide required moisture protection shall conform to the requirements of this Article. (2) Except as provided in Sentences (3) and (7), materials installed to provide the required moisture protection shall be capable of bridging, (a) construction, control and expansion joints, (b) junctions between different building assemblies, and (c) junctions between building assemblies and elements penetrating building assemblies. (3) Except as provided in Sentence (7), where the material installed to provide the required moisture protection is not capable of bridging construction, control and expansion joints, those joints shall be designed to maintain the continuity of the moisture protection. (4) Materials and components installed to provide the required moisture protection shall have sufficiently low water permeance to resist moisture loads. (5) Except as provided in Sentence (7), moisture protection shall be designed and constructed to resist design hydrostatic pressures as determined in accordance with Section 4.2. (6) Except as provided in Sentence (7), materials covered in the scope of the following standards shall not be installed to provide the required resistance to moisture transfer: (a) CGSB 37-GP-6Ma, “Asphalt, Cutback, Unfilled for Dampproofing”, or (b) CGSB 37-GP-18Ma, “Tar, Cutback, Unfilled for Dampproofing”. (7) Where the substrate is cast-in-place concrete, and a drainage layer is installed between the building assembly and the soil, and the assembly will not be subject to hydrostatic pressure, (a) materials and components installed to provide the required resistance to moisture transfer need not conform to Sentences (2), (3), (5) and (6), and (b) materials covered in the scope of the following standards are permitted to be installed to provide the required resistance to moisture transfer where those materials conform to the requirements of the standards: (i) CGSB 37-GP-6Ma, “Asphalt, Cutback, Unfilled, for Dampproofing”, or (ii) CGSB 37-GP-18Ma, “Tar, Cutback, Unfilled, for Dampproofing”.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
5.8.2.3. Installation of Moisture Protection (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), where materials are installed to provide the required resistance to moisture transfer and their installation is covered in the scope of the following standards, installation shall conform to the waterproofing requirements of the respective standards: (a) CAN/CGSB-37.3-M, “Application of Emulsified Asphalts for Dampproofing or Waterproofing”, (b) CGSB 37-GP-36M, “Application of Filled Cutback Asphalts for Dampproofing and Waterproofing”, (c) CGSB 37-GP-37M, “Application of Hot Asphalt for Dampproofing or Waterproofing”, or (d) CAN/CGSB-37.51-M, “Application of Hot Applied Rubberized Asphalt for Roofing and Waterproofing”. (2) Where the substrate is cast-in-place concrete, and a drainage layer is installed between the building assembly and the soil, and the assembly will not be subject to hydrostatic pressure, (a) materials and components installed to provide the required resistance to moisture transfer and whose installation is covered in the scope of the standards listed in Sentence (1), are permitted to be installed in conformance with the dampproofing requirements of the standards listed in Sentence (1), or (b) materials installed to provide the required resistance to moisture transfer and whose installation is covered in the scope of the following standards, shall be installed in conformance with the requirements of the respective standards: (i) CGSB 37-GP-12Ma, “Application of Unfilled Cutback Asphalt for Dampproofing”, or (ii) CAN/CGSB-37.22-M, “Application of Unfilled Cutback Tar Foundation Coating for Dampproofing”. 5.9. Sound Transmission 5.9.1. Protection from Noise
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
5.9.1.1. Sound Transmission Class (1) Sound transmission class ratings shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E413, “Classification for Rating Sound Insulation”, using the results from measurements in accordance with, (a) ASTM E90, “Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements”, or (b) ASTM E336, “Measurement of Airborne Sound Attenuation Between Rooms in Buildings”.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
5.9.1.2. Required Protection from Noise (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), a dwelling unit shall be separated from every other space in a building in which noise may be generated by construction providing a sound transmission class rating not less than 50, measured in accordance with the standards referenced in Sentence 5.9.1.1.(1). (2) Construction separating a dwelling unit from an elevator hoistway or a refuse chute shall have a sound transmission class rating not less than 55, measured in accordance with the standards referenced in Sentence 5.9.1.1.(1). 5.10. Standards 5.10.1. Applicable Standards
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.1.1.1. Scope (1) The scope of this Part shall be as described in Subsection 1.1.2. of Division A. (2) Where the method of operation of an existing heating, ventilating or air-conditioning system is altered, the repair, adjustment or component replacements that change the capacity or extent of safety of the system shall conform to this Code.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.1.1.2. Application (1) This Part applies to systems and equipment for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning services. Section 6.2. Design and Installation 6.2.1. General
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.1.1. Good Engineering Practice (1) Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems, including related mechanical refrigeration systems, shall be designed, constructed and installed to conform to good engineering practice appropriate to the circumstances such as described in, (a) the ASHRAE Handbooks as follows: (i) Fundamentals, (ii) Refrigeration, (iii) HVAC Applications, (iv) HVAC Systems and Equipment, and (v) ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1, “Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings”, (b) the CAN/CSA-F280-M, “Determining the Required Capacity of Residential Space Heating and Cooling Appliances”, and the outside winter design temperatures shall conform to Supplementary Standard SB-1, (c) the CAN/CSA-F326-M, “Residential Mechanical Ventilation Systems”, (d) the NFPA Fire Codes, (e) the HRAI Digest, (f) the Hydronics Institute Manuals, (g) the SMACNA Manuals, (h) the ACGIH Industrial Ventilation Manual, (i) CAN/CSA-Z317.2, “Special Requirements for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems in Health Care Facilities”, and (j) the CCBFC, “Model National Energy Code for Buildings”.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.1.2. Design Indoor Air Temperatures (1) Buildings classified as Group B, Division 2 or 3 occupancies or Group C residential occupancies that are intended for use in the winter months on a continuing basis shall be insulated and be equipped with heating facilities that are capable of maintaining an indoor air temperature of 22°C at the outside winter design temperature referred to in Article 6.2.1.8. (2) All other buildings intended for occupancy in the winter months on a continuing basis should be insulated and shall be equipped with heating facilities to maintain a minimum indoor air temperature of 18°C or commensurate with the use of the building at the outside winter design temperature described in Article 6.2.1.8.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.1.3. Structural Movement (1) Mechanical systems and equipment shall be designed and installed to accommodate the maximum relative structural movement provided for in the construction of the building.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.1.4. Installation Standards (1) The installation of solid fuel-burning appliances for central heating systems shall comply with CAN/CSA-B365-M, “Installation Code for Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances and Equipment” and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. (2) The solid fuel-fired appliances in Sentence (1) shall conform to CAN/CSA-B366.1-M, “Solid Fuel-Fired Central Heating Appliances”. (3) The design and installation of earth energy systems shall conform to CAN/CSA-C448.2, “Design and Installation of Earth Energy Systems for Residential and Other Small Buildings”, where such systems use groundwater, submerged heat exchangers or ground heat exchangers to serve, (a) single dwelling units, or (b) buildings where the conditioned space is not more than 1 400 m². (4) The design and installation of earth energy systems shall conform to CAN/CSA-C448.1, “Design and Installation of Earth Energy Systems for Commercial and Institutional Buildings”, where such systems use groundwater, submerged heat exchangers or ground heat exchangers to condition a floor space area more than 1400 m². (5) The design and installation of solid fuel-burning stoves, ranges and space heaters, including the requirements for combustion air, shall conform to the requirements of CAN/CSA-B365-M, “Installation Code for Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances and Equipment” and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. (6) The design and installation of hydronic heating systems shall conform to, (a) CAN/CSA-B214, “Installation Code for Hydronic Heating Systems”, or (b) good engineering practice appropriate to the circumstances such as described in Article 6.2.1.1.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.1.5. Fireplaces (1) Fireplaces shall conform to the requirements of Section 9.22.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.1.6. Heat Recovery Ventilators (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), heat recovery ventilators with rated capacities of not less than 25 L/s and not more than 200 L/s shall be installed in accordance with Article 9.32.3.11. (2) Where electric space heating, other than forced-air electric heating system, is provided in buildings of residential occupancy within the scope of Part 9, the mechanical ventilation system shall include heat recovery ventilators designed to provide the greater of, (a) the minimum rated efficiency required by the Energy Efficiency Act, or (b) a minimum 55% sensible heat recovery efficiency when tested to the low temperature thermal and ventilation performance test method set out in CAN/CSA-C439, “Test for Rating the Performance of Heat/Energy-Recovery Ventilators”, at a Station 1 test temperature of -25°C at an air flow not less than 30 L/s.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.1.7. Outside Design Conditions (1) The outside conditions to be used in designing heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems shall be determined in conformance with Supplementary Standard SB-1.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.1.8. Installation – General (1) Equipment requiring periodic maintenance and forming part of a heating, ventilating or air-conditioning system shall be installed with provision for access for inspection, maintenance, repair and cleaning. (2) Mechanical equipment shall be provided with guards to prevent injury. (3) Heating, ventilating or air-conditioning systems shall be protected from freezing if they may be adversely affected by freezing temperatures.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.1.9. Expansion, Contraction and System Pressure (1) Heating and cooling systems shall be designed to allow for expansion and contraction of the heat transfer fluid and to maintain the system pressure within the rated working pressure limits of all components of the system.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.1.10. Asbestos (1) Asbestos shall not be used in air distribution systems or equipment in a form or in a location where asbestos fibres could enter the air supply or return systems.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.1.11. Access Openings (1) Any covering of an access opening through which a person could enter shall be openable from the inside without the use of keys where there is a possibility of the opening being accidentally closed while the system or equipment is being serviced.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.1.12. Combustible Tubing (1) Combustible tubing for pneumatic controls may be used in buildings required to be of noncombustible construction providing it has an outside diameter not exceeding 10 mm. 6.2.2. Ventilation
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.2.1. Required Ventilation (1) Except as provided in Sentence (3), all buildings shall be ventilated in accordance with this Part. (2) Except in storage garages and repair garages covered by Article 6.2.2.3., the rates at which outdoor air is supplied in buildings by ventilation systems shall be not less than the rates required by ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1, “Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality”. (3) Self-contained mechanical ventilation systems that serve only one dwelling unit and that conform to the requirements of Subsection 9.32.3. shall be considered to satisfy the requirements of this Article. (4) Live/work units shall be mechanically ventilated in accordance with the requirements of Sentence (1).
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.2.2. Natural Ventilation (1) Except as permitted by Sentence (2), the ventilation required by Article 6.2.2.1. shall be provided by mechanical ventilation except that it can be provided by natural ventilation or a combination of natural and mechanical ventilation in, (a) buildings of other than residential occupancy having an occupant load of not more than one person per 40 m² during normal use, (b) buildings of industrial occupancy where the nature of the process contained in them permits or requires the use of large openings in the building envelope even during the winter, or (c) seasonal buildings not intended to be occupied during the winter. (2) Where climatic conditions permit, buildings containing occupancies other than residential occupancies, may be ventilated by natural ventilation methods in lieu of mechanical ventilation where engineering data demonstrates that such a method will provide the required ventilation for the type of occupancy.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.2.3. Ventilation of Storage and Repair Garages (1) Except as provided in Sentences (4) and (6), an enclosed storage garage shall have a mechanical ventilation system designed to, (a) limit the concentration of carbon monoxide to not more than 100 parts per million of air when measured between 900 mm and 1 200 mm from the floor, where the majority of the vehicles stored are powered by gasoline fuelled engines, (b) limit the concentration of nitrogen dioxide to not more than 3 parts per million parts of air when installed in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions, where the majority of the vehicles stored are powered by diesel fuelled engines, or (c) provide, during operating hours, a continuous supply of outdoor air at a rate of not less than 3.9 L/s for each square metre of floor area. (2) Mechanical ventilation systems provided in accordance with Clause (1)(a) shall be controlled automatically by carbon monoxide monitoring devices and systems provided in accordance with Clause (1)(b) shall be controlled automatically by nitrogen dioxide or other acceptable monitoring devices, located so as to provide full protection throughout the storage garage. (3) Mechanical ventilation systems provided in accordance with Sentence (1) shall be designed such that the pressure in the storage garage is less than the pressure in adjoining buildings of other occupancy, or in adjacent portions of the same building having a different occupancy. (4) In storage garages subject to the requirements of Sentence (1), where motor vehicles are parked by mechanical means, the ventilation requirements may be reduced by one half. (5) Except as provided in Sentence (6), ticket and attendant booths of storage garages shall be pressurized with a supply of outdoor air. (6) The requirements of Sentences (1) to (5) shall not apply to open-air storeys in a storage garage. (7) A repair garage shall have a mechanical ventilation system designed to limit the exposure of workers to carbon monoxide to below the time weighted average concentration of 35 parts per million for a normal 8 hour workday or 40 hour work week. (8) In a repair garage, when a repair bay is not immediately adjacent to an outside garage door opening, a system capable of providing continuous general ventilation of not less than 700 L/s per internal bay shall be provided. (9) The general ventilation system described in Sentence (8) shall be designed to, (a) operate continuously, or (b) be controlled automatically by carbon monoxide monitoring devices, located so as to provide full protection throughout the repair garage. (10) The general ventilation system described in Sentence (8) is not required when tail pipes of vehicles are directly connected to local mechanical exhaust systems that terminate outdoors.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.2.4. Air Contaminants (1) Air contaminants released within buildings shall be removed insofar as possible at their points of origin and shall not be permitted to accumulate in concentrations greater than permitted in the ACGIH Industrial Ventilation Manual. (2) Systems serving spaces that contain sources of contamination and systems serving other occupied parts of the building but located in or running through spaces that contain sources of contamination shall be designed in such a manner as to prevent spreading of such contamination to other occupied parts of the building. (3) Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems shall be designed to minimize growth of micro-organisms according to good engineering practice as described in 6.2.1.1.(1). (4) Mechanical rooms containing refrigeration equipment shall be ventilated in accordance with CSA-B52, “Mechanical Refrigeration Code”.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.2.5. Hazardous Gases, Dusts or Liquids (1) Systems serving spaces that contain hazardous gases, dusts or liquids shall be designed, constructed and installed in conformance with the provisions of the Fire Code made under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, or in the absence of requirements pertinent to such systems in the Fire Code, to good engineering practice such as is described in the publications of the National Fire Protection Association and in the National Fire Code of Canada.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.2.6. Commercial Cooking Equipment (1) All commercial cooking equipment shall be provided with ventilation systems designed, constructed and installed to conform to NFPA 96, “Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations”, except as required by Sentence 3.6.3.1.(1) and Article 3.6.4.2. (2) Fire protection systems for high efficiency, high temperature commercial cooking equipment using vegetable oil or animal fat shall conform to, (a) UL 300, “Fire Extinguishing Systems for Protection of Restaurant Cooking Areas”, or (b) ULC/ORD-C1254.6, “Fire Testing of Restaurant Cooking Area Fire Extinguishing System Units”.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.2.7. Crawl Spaces and Attic or Roof Spaces (1) Every crawl space and every attic or roof space shall be ventilated by natural or mechanical means. 6.2.3. Air Duct Systems
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.1. Application (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), this Subsection applies to the design, construction and installation of air duct distribution systems serving heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems. (2) This Subsection does not apply to the design, construction and installation of air duct distribution systems serving heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems that serve individual dwelling units within the scope of Part 9.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.2. Materials in Air Duct Systems (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4) and in Article 3.6.4.3., all ducts, duct connectors, associated fittings and plenums used in air duct systems shall be constructed of steel, aluminum alloy, copper, clay, asbestos-cement or similar noncombustible material. (2) Ducts, associated fittings and plenums are permitted to contain combustible material provided they, (a) conform to the appropriate requirements for Class 1 duct materials in CAN/ULC-S110-M, “Test for Air Ducts”, (b) conform to Article 3.1.5.15. in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, (c) conform to Subsection 3.1.9., (d) are used only in horizontal runs in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, (e) are not used in vertical runs serving more than 2 storeys in a building required to be of noncombustible construction, and (f) are not used in air duct systems in which the air temperature may exceed 120°C. (3) Duct sealants shall have a flame-spread rating of not more than 25 and a smoke developed classification of not more than 50. (4) Duct connectors that contain combustible materials and that are used between ducts and air outlet units shall, (a) conform to the appropriate requirements for Class 1 air duct materials in CAN/ULC-S110-M, “Test for Air Ducts”, (b) be limited to 4 m in length, (c) be used only in horizontal runs, and (d) not penetrate required fire separations. (5) Materials in Sentences (1) to (4) that when used in a location where they may be subjected to excessive moisture shall have no appreciable loss of strength when wet and shall be corrosion-resistant. (6) All ductwork and fittings shall be constructed and installed in conformance with SMACNA Manuals and ASHRAE Handbooks. (7) All duct materials and fittings shall be, (a) suitable for exposure to the temperature and humidity of the air being conveyed, and (b) resistant to corrosion due to contaminants in the air being conveyed in the duct.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.3. Connections and Openings in Air Duct Systems (1) Air duct systems shall have, (a) tight-fitting connections throughout, and (b) no openings other than those required for proper operation, inspection and maintenance of the system. (2) Access openings shall be provided in duct systems to allow the removal of material that may accumulate in plenums and ducts.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.4. Duct Coverings, Linings, Adhesives and Insulation (1) Coverings, linings and associated adhesives and insulation of air ducts, plenums and other parts of air duct systems shall be of noncombustible material when exposed to heated air or radiation from heat sources that would result in the exposed surface exceeding a temperature of 120°C. (2) When combustible coverings and linings, including associated adhesives and insulation, are used, they shall have a flame-spread rating of not more than 25 on any exposed surface or any surface that would be exposed by cutting through the material in any direction, and a smoke developed classification of not more than 50, except that the outer covering of ducts, plenums and other parts of air duct systems used within an assembly of combustible construction may have an exposed surface flame-spread rating of not more than 75 and may have a smoke developed classification greater than 50. (3) Combustible coverings and linings in Sentence (2) shall not flame, glow, smoulder or smoke when tested in accordance with the method of test in ASTM C411, “Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation” at the maximum temperature to which the coverings and linings are to be exposed in service. (4) Except as provided in Sentence (5), foamed plastic insulation shall not be used as part of an air duct or for insulating an air duct. (5) Foamed plastic insulation may be used in a ceiling space that acts as a return air plenum provided the foamed plastic insulation is protected from exposure to the plenum in accordance with Article 3.1.5.12. (6) Combustible coverings and linings of ducts, including associated adhesives and insulation, shall be interrupted at the immediate area of operation of heat sources in a duct system, such as electric resistance heaters or fuel-burning heaters or furnaces, and where the duct penetrates a fire separation. (7) Linings of ducts shall be installed so that they will not interfere with the operation of volume or balancing dampers, fire dampers, fire stop flaps and other closures.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.5. Underground Ducts (1) Underground ducts shall, (a) be constructed and installed with a slope to provide interior drainage to all low points, (b) not be connected directly to a sewer, and (c) be installed and constructed of materials in conformance with ASHRAE Handbooks, SMACNA Manuals and the HRAI Digest. (2) A clean-out or pump-out connection shall be provided in an underground duct system at every low point of the duct system.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.6. Fire Dampers (1) Fire dampers shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 3.1.8.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.7. Smoke Detector Control (1) Air handling systems shall incorporate smoke detector control where required by Article 3.2.4.12.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.9. Interconnection of Systems (1) In a residential occupancy, air from one suite shall not be circulated to any other suite or to a public corridor or public stairway. (2) Except as permitted by Sentence (3) and Sentence 6.2.3.8.(6), air duct systems serving storage garages shall not be directly interconnected with other parts of the building. (3) Exhaust ducts referred to in Sentence 6.2.3.8.(6) may exhaust through an enclosed storage garage prior to exhausting to the outdoors provided, (a) the storage garage exhaust system runs continuously, (b) the capacity of the storage garage exhaust system is equal to or exceeds the volume of the exhaust entering the garage, and (c) a leakage rate 1 smoke/fire damper rated in accordance with CAN/ULC-S112.1-M, “Leakage Rated Dampers for Use in Smoke Control Systems”, is provided near the duct outlet location in the storage garage to prevent air from the storage garage from entering the exhaust ductwork system in the event the building’s exhaust fan is shut down. (4) Except for Sentence 3.3.1.4.(4) and Sentences (5) and (6), a public corridor or corridor serving the public shall not be used as a portion of a supply, return or exhaust air system serving adjoining areas, other than as part of a supply air system serving toilet rooms, bathrooms, shower rooms and similar auxiliary spaces opening directly to the public corridor or corridor used by the public. (5) A public corridor may be used as part of an engineered smoke control system. (6) Infiltration due to corridor pressurization is permitted into a residential occupancy from a public corridor.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.10. Ducts in Exits (1) Duct penetration of fire separations separating exits from the remainder of the building shall be in accordance with Article 3.4.4.4.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.11. Make-up Air (1) In ventilating systems that exhaust air to the outdoors, provision shall be made for the admission of a supply of make-up air in sufficient quantity so that the operation of the exhaust system and other exhaust equipment or combustion equipment is not adversely affected. (2) Make-up air facilities required by Sentence (1) shall be interlocked with the exhaust devices they serve so that both operate together. (3) Where make-up air facilities are intended to introduce air directly from the outdoors to occupied parts of the building in winter, they shall incorporate means of tempering that air to maintain the indoor design temperature.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.12. Supply, Return, Intake and Exhaust Air Openings   (1) Supply, return and exhaust air openings located less than 2 000 mm above the floor in rooms or spaces in buildings shall be protected by grilles having openings of a size that will not allow the passage of a 15 mm diameter sphere. (2) Outdoor air intakes and exhaust outlets on the exterior of buildings shall be designed or located so that the air entering the building system will not contain more contaminants than the normal exterior air of the locality in which the building is situated. (3) Exterior openings for outdoor air intakes and exhaust outlets shall be shielded from the entry of snow and rain and shall be fitted with corrosion-resistant screens of mesh having openings not larger than 15 mm, except where experience has shown that climatic conditions require larger openings to avoid icing over of the screen openings. (4) Screens required in Sentence (3) shall be accessible for maintenance. (5) Combustible grilles, diffusers and other devices for supply, return and exhaust air openings in rooms shall conform to the flame-spread rating and smoke developed classification requirements for the interior finish of the surface on which they are installed.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.13. Filters and Odour Removal Equipment  (1) Air filters for air duct systems shall conform to the requirements for Class 2 air filter units as described in CAN4-S111, “Fire Tests For Air Filter Units”. (2) When electrostatic-type filters are used, they shall be installed so as to ensure that the electric circuit is automatically de-energized when filter access doors are opened and in dwelling units when the system circulating fan is not operating. (3) When odour removal equipment of the adsorption type is used it shall be, (a) installed to provide access so that adsorption material can be reactivated or renewed, and (b) protected from dust accumulation by air filters installed on the inlet side. (4) Facilities for flushing and drainage shall be provided where filters are designed to be washed in place.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.14. Air Washers and Evaporative Cooling Sections or Towers (1) The filter and water evaporation medium of every air washer and evaporative cooling section enclosed within a building shall be made of noncombustible material. (2) Sumps for air washer and evaporative cooling sections shall be constructed and installed so that they can be flushed and drained. (3) Evaporative cooling sections or towers shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 214, “Water-Cooling Towers”.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.15. Fans and Associated Air Handling Equipment (1) Fans for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems shall be located and installed so that their operation, (a) does not adversely affect the draft required for proper operation of fuel-fired appliances, and (b) does not allow the air in the air duct system to be contaminated by air or gases from the boiler-room or furnace-room. (2) Fans and associated air handling equipment, such as air washers, filters and heating and cooling units, when installed on the roof or elsewhere outside the building, shall be of a type designed for outdoor use.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.16. Vibration Isolation Connectors (1) Vibration isolation connectors in air duct systems shall be noncombustible, except that combustible fabric connectors are permitted provided they, (a) do not exceed 250 mm in length, (b) comply with the flame-resistance requirements of CAN/ULC-S109, “Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films”, and (c) are not used in a location where they are exposed to heated air or radiation from heat sources that may cause the exposed surface to exceed a temperature of 120°C.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.17. Tape (1) Tape used for sealing joints in air ducts, plenums and other parts of air duct systems shall meet the flame-resistance requirements for fabric in CAN/ULC-S109, “Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films”.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.18. Construction and Installation of Ducts and Plenums (1) Rectangular panels in plenums and ducts more than 300 mm wide shall be shaped to provide sufficient stiffness. (2) Where the installation of heating supply ducts in walls and floors creates a space between the duct and construction material, the space shall be fire stopped with noncombustible material at each end. (3) Ducts shall be securely supported by metal hangers, straps, lugs or brackets, except that where zero clearance is permitted, wooden brackets may be used. (4) All round duct joints shall be tight-fitting and lapped not less than 25 mm. (5) Rectangular duct connections shall be made with S and drive cleats or equivalent mechanical connections. (6) Trunk supply ducts shall not be nailed directly to wood members. (7) Branch ducts shall be supported at suitable spacings to maintain alignment and prevent sagging. (8) Ducts in or beneath concrete slabs-on-ground shall be watertight, corrosion-, decay- and mildew-resistant. (9) Where a supply or return duct is not protected by an insulated exterior wall or where the duct is exposed to an unheated space it shall be insulated to prevent condensation.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.19. Clearances of Ducts and Plenums (1) The clearances from combustible material and supply plenums, supply ducts, boots and register boxes of heating systems shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 6.2.4.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.3.20. Return-Air System (1) The return-air system shall be designed to handle the entire air supply. (2) Where any part of a return duct will be exposed to radiation from the furnace heat exchanger or other radiating part within the furnace, such part of a return duct directly above or within 600 mm of the outside furnace casing shall be noncombustible. (3) Return ducts serving solid fuel-fired furnaces shall be constructed of noncombustible material. (4) Where combustible return ducts are permitted, they shall be lined with noncombustible material below floor registers, at the bottom of vertical ducts and under furnaces having a bottom return. (5) The return-air system shall be designed so that the negative pressure from the circulating fan cannot affect the furnace combustion air supply nor draw combustion products from joints or openings in the furnace or flue pipe. (6) Return-air inlets shall not be installed in an enclosed room or crawl space that provides combustion air to a fuel-fired appliance. 6.2.4. Air Ducts for Low Capacity Systems
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.4.1. Application (1) The requirements of this Subsection apply to the design, construction and installation of air duct distribution systems serving heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems that serve individual dwelling units within the scope of Part 9.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.4.2. Duct Design  (1) Materials in supply ducts shall conform to Article 6.2.3.2. (2) Galvanized steel or aluminum supply ducts shall conform to Table 6.2.4.2. (3) The design of fitting for ducts shall conform to SMACNA, “HVAC Duct Construction Standards - Metal and Flexible”, except that metal thickness shall conform to Table 6.2.4.2. Table 6.2.4.2.   Minimum Metal Thickness of Ducts Forming Part of Sentence 6.2.4.2.(2)  Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5


Type of Duct

Maximum

Maximum

Minimum Metal Thickness, mm


Diameter,

Width or Depth,

Duct Material


mm

mm

Galvanized Steel

Aluminum


Round ducts serving single dwelling units

125 or less

---

0.254

0.30


Round

350

---

0.33

0.30


over 350

---

0.41

0.41


Rectangular, enclosed

---

350

0.33

0.30


---

over 350 

0.41

0.41


Rectangular, not enclosed, for single dwelling units, with required clearance up to 12 mm

---

350

0.33

0.41


---

over 350 

0.41

0.48 


Rectangular, not enclosed, with required clearance of more than 12 mm

---

350

0.41

0.41


---

over 350 

0.48

0.48
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.4.3. Construction and Installation of Ducts and Plenums (1) Rectangular panels in plenums and ducts more than 300 mm wide shall be shaped to provide sufficient stiffness. (2) Where the installation of heating supply ducts in walls and floors creates a space between the duct and construction material, the space shall be fire stopped with noncombustible material at each end. (3) Ducts shall be securely supported by metal hangers, straps, lugs or brackets, except that where zero clearance is permitted, wooden brackets may be used. (4) All round duct joints shall be tight-fitting and lapped not less than 25 mm. (5) Rectangular duct connections shall be made with S and drive cleats or equivalent mechanical connections. (6) Trunk supply ducts shall not be nailed directly to wood members. (7) Branch ducts shall be supported at suitable spacings to maintain alignment and prevent sagging. (8) Combustible ducts in concrete slabs-on-ground that are connected to a furnace supply plenum shall be located not closer than 600 mm to that plenum and not less than 600 mm from its connection to a riser or register. (9) Ducts in or beneath concrete slabs-on-ground shall be watertight, corrosion-, decay- and mildew-resistant. (10) Where a supply or return duct is not protected by an insulated exterior wall or where the duct is exposed to an unheated space it shall be insulated to provide a thermal resistance of not less than RSI 2.1. (11) Ductwork passing through unconditioned spaces shall have all joints taped or be otherwise sealed to ensure that the ducts are airtight throughout their length. (12) Underground ducts shall, (a) be constructed and installed with a slope to provide interior drainage to all low points, (b) not be connected directly to a sewer, and (c) be installed and constructed of materials in conformance with ASHRAE Handbooks, SMACNA Manuals and the HRAI Digest. (13) A clean-out or pump-out connection shall be provided in an underground duct system at every low point of the duct system.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.4.4. Warm-Air Supply Outlets (1) In a dwelling unit, a warm-air supply outlet shall be provided in each finished room that is located adjacent to unheated space, exterior air or exterior soil. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), when a room described in Sentence (1) is located adjacent to exterior walls, such outlets shall be located so as to bathe at least one exterior wall or window with warm air, except in bathrooms, utility rooms or kitchens, where this may not be practical. (3) Where the heating system is also designed to provide ventilation air, ceiling outlets or outlets located high on interior walls may be installed provided the outlets are, (a) designed for this purpose, and (b) installed with diffusers. (4) At least one warm-air supply outlet shall be provided for each 40 m² of floor surface area in unfinished basements serving dwelling units, located so as to provide adequate distribution of warm air throughout the basement. (5) At least one warm-air supply outlet shall be provided for each 80 m2 of floor surface area in heated crawl spaces serving dwelling units, and it shall be located so as to provide adequate distribution of warm-air throughout the crawl space. (6) Except for pipeless furnaces and floor furnaces, the capacity of warm-air supply outlets serving dwelling units shall be not less than the design heat loss from the area served and shall not exceed 3 kW per outlet. (7) In basements and heated crawl spaces, the calculated heat gain from the supply ducts and plenum surfaces may be considered in calculating the design heat loss. (8) The temperature of supply air at the warm-air supply outlets shall not exceed 70°C. (9) Warm-air supply outlets located in finished areas shall be provided with diffusers and adjustable openings and shall not be located on a furnace plenum. (10) Air duct systems serving storage garages shall not be interconnected with other parts of the building.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.4.5. Concrete Slabs-on-Ground (1) Warm-air supply systems for buildings of residential occupancy built on concrete slabs-on-ground, (a) shall be installed in the slab, and (b) shall be of the perimeter loop type or radial perimeter type.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.4.6. Adjustable Dampers and Balance Stops (1) All branch supply ducts for residential systems shall be equipped with volume control dampers at the boot to permit balancing or shall be fitted with a diffuser incorporating an adjustable and lockable volume control device that can be set in a fixed position.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.4.7. Return-Air System (1) The return-air system shall be designed to handle the entire air supply. (2) Except as provided in Sentences (3) and (4), return ducts shall be constructed of material having a surface flame-spread rating of not more than 150. (3) Where any part of a return duct will be exposed to radiation from the furnace heat exchanger or other radiating part within the furnace, such part of a return duct directly above or within 600 mm of the outside furnace casing shall be noncombustible. (4) Return ducts serving solid fuel-fired furnaces shall be constructed of noncombustible material. (5) Combustible return ducts shall be lined with noncombustible material below floor registers, at the bottom of vertical ducts and under furnaces having a bottom return. (6) Spaces between studs and joists used as return ducts shall be separated from the unused portions of such spaces by tight-fitting metal stops or wood blocking. (7) A vertical return duct shall have openings to return air on not more than 1 floor. (8) A public corridor shall comply with Sentences 6.2.3.9.(4) and (5). (9) The return-air system shall be designed so that the negative pressure from the circulating fan cannot affect the furnace combustion air supply nor draw combustion products from joints or openings in the furnace or flue pipe. (10) Return-air from a dwelling unit shall not be recirculated to any other dwelling unit. (11) Except for floor levels that are less than 900 mm above or below an adjacent floor level that is provided with a return-air inlet, at least one return-air inlet shall be provided in each floor level in a dwelling unit. (12) Provision shall be made for the return of air from all rooms by leaving gaps beneath doors, using louvred doors or installing return duct inlets. (13) Return-air inlets shall not be installed in an enclosed room or crawl space that provides combustion air to a furnace.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.4.8. Coverings, Linings and Insulation (1) Foamed plastic insulation may be used in a ceiling space that acts as a return air plenum provided the foamed plastic insulation is protected from exposure to the plenum in accordance with Article 3.1.5.12. (2) Linings of ducts shall be installed so that they will not interfere with the operation of volume or balancing dampers.
Notes to Table 4.1.8.17.:
6.2.4.9. Tape (1) Tape used for sealing joints in air ducts, plenums and other parts of air duct systems shall meet the flame-resistance requirements for fabric in CAN/ULC-S109, “Flame Tests of Flame-Resistant Fabrics and Films”.