jswizzle3737/ontario_laws_and_regs huggingface dataset:
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.1.1. General (1) Except as provided in Article 9.20.1.2., this Section applies to, (a) unreinforced masonry and masonry veneer walls not in contact with the ground, where, (i) the height of the walls constructed on the foundation walls does not exceed 11 m, and (ii) the roof or floor assembly above the first storey is not of concrete construction, and (b) flat insulating concrete form walls not in contact with the ground that, (i) have a maximum floor to floor height of 3 m, (ii) are erected in houses not more than 2 storeys in
building height, and (iii) are erected in locations where the seismic spectral response acceleration, Sa(0.2), is not greater than 0.4. (2) For walls other than those described in Sentence (1), or where the masonry walls or insulating concrete form walls not in contact with the ground are designed for specified loads on the basis of ultimate and serviceability limit states, Subsection 4.3.2. shall apply.
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.1.2. Earthquake Reinforcement (1) In locations where the seismic spectral response acceleration, Sa(0.2), is greater than 0.55, loadbearing elements of masonry buildings more than 1 storey
in building height shall be reinforced with not less than the minimum amount of reinforcement as required in Subsection 9.20.15. (2) In locations where the seismic spectral response acceleration, Sa(0.2), is greater than 0.35, but less than or equal to 0.55, loadbearing
elements of masonry buildings 3 storeys in building height
shall be reinforced with not less than the minimum amount of reinforcement as required in Subsection 9.20.15. 9.20.2. Masonry Units
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.2.1. Masonry Unit Standards (1) Masonry units shall comply with, (a) ASTM C73, “Calcium Silicate Brick (Sand-Lime Brick)”, (b) ASTM C126, “Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry Units”, (c) ASTM C212, “Structural Clay Facing Tile”, (d) CAN/CSA-A82 “Fire Masonry Brick Made from Clay or Shale”, (e) CSA A165.1, “Concrete Block Masonry Units”, (f) CSA A165.2, “Concrete Brick Masonry Units”, or (g) CSA A165.3, “Prefaced Concrete Masonry Units”. (h)-(k) Revoked: O. Reg. 88/19, s. 245.
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.2.2. Used Brick (1) Used bricks shall be free of old mortar, soot or other surface coating and shall conform to Article 9.20.2.1.
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.2.3. Glass Blocks (1) Glass blocks shall not be used as loadbearing units or in the construction of fireplaces or chimneys.
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.2.4. Cellular Concrete (1) Masonry made with cellular concrete shall not be used in contact with the soil or exposed to the weather.
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.2.5. Stone (1) Stone shall be sound and durable.
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.2.6. Concrete Units Exposed to the Weather (1) Concrete blocks exposed to the weather shall have weight and water absorption characteristics conforming to Classes A, B, C or D, described in CSA A165.1, “Concrete Block Masonry Units”.
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.2.7. Compressive Strength (1) The compressive strength of concrete blocks shall conform to Table 9.20.2.7. Table 9.20.2.7.   Compressive Strength of Concrete Blocks Forming Part of Sentence 9.20.2.7.(1) Item   Column 1   Column 2   Column 3 

      Type of Block   Minimum Compressive Strength Over Net Area, MPa      

          Exposed to Weather   Not Exposed to Weather 

  1.   Solid or hollow concrete blocks   15   10 

  2.   Solid loadbearing cellular blocks   Not permitted   5 

  3.   Solid non-loadbearing cellular blocks   Not permitted   2 9.20.3. Mortar
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.3.1. Mortar Materials (1) Cementitious materials and aggregates for mortar and grout shall comply with CSA A179, “Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry”. (2) Water and aggregate shall be clean and free of significant amounts of deleterious materials. (3) Lime used in mortar shall be hydrated. (4) If lime putty is used in mortar, it shall be made by slaking quicklime in water for not less than 24 h or soaking hydrated lime in water for not less than 12 h.
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.3.2. Mortar and Grout Mixes (1) Mortar types shall conform to Table 9.20.3.2.A. (2) Mortar for glass block masonry shall be, (a) Type S Portland cement-lime where exposed to the exterior, or (b) Type S or N where protected from the exterior. (3) Mortar mix proportions shall conform to Table 9.20.3.2.B., with sufficient water to bring the mixture to a consistency adequate for laying masonry units. (4) Grout mix proportions shall conform to Table 9.20.3.2.C., with sufficient water to provide a suitable flow to fill all voids completely, without excessive segregation or bleeding. (5) Except as provided in Sentence (6), mortar shall be used and placed in final position, (a) within 1.5 h after mixing when the air temperature is 25°C or higher, and (b) within 2.5 h after mixing when the air temperature is less than 25°C. (6) Mortar and grout containing a set-control admixture shall be manufactured off-site in a batching plant and shall be used and placed in final position within a time not exceeding the useful life as stipulated by the manufacturer. (7) Grout used for reinforced masonry shall be placed in accordance with the requirements of CSA A371, “Masonry Construction for Buildings”. Table 9.20.3.2.A.   Mortar Use Forming Part of Sentence 9.20.3.2.(1) Item   Column 1 Location   Column 2 Building Element   Column 3 Mortar Type 

  1.   Exterior, above ground   Loadbearing walls and columns   S 

          Non-loadbearing walls and columns   N or S 

          Parapets, chimneys and masonry veneer   N or S 

  2.   Exterior, at or below ground   Foundation walls and chimneys   S 

  3.   Interior   Loadbearing walls and columns   N 

          Non-loadbearing walls and columns   N Table 9.20.3.2.B.   Mortar Mix Proportions (by Volume) Forming Part of Sentence 9.20.3.2.(3) Item   Column 1 Mortar Type   Column 2 Portland Cement   Column 3 Lime   Column 4 Masonry Cement Type N   Column 5 Masonry Cement Type S   Column 6 Fine Aggregate (damp, loose-state sand) 

  1.   S   1   ½   -   -   3½ to 4½ 

          -   -   -   1   2¼ to 3 

          ½   -   1   -   3½ to 4½ 

  2.   N   1   1   -   -   4½ to 6 

          -   -   1   -   2¼ to 3 Table 9.20.3.2.C.   Grout Mix Proportions (by Volume) Forming Part of Sentence 9.20.3.2.(4) Column 1 Portland Cement   Column 2 Lime   Column 3 Fine Aggregate (sand)   Column 4 Coarse Aggregate 

  1   0 to 1/10   2¼ to 3 times the sum of the cement and lime volumes   1 to 2 times the sum of the cement and lime volumes 9.20.4. Mortar Joints
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.4.1. Thickness (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), mortar joint thickness for burned clay brick and concrete masonry units shall be 10 mm. (2) Permitted tolerances in head and bed joints shall be -5 mm to +10 mm.
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.4.2. Masonry Units (1) Hollow masonry units shall be laid with mortar applied to head and bed joints of both inner and outer face shells. (2) Vertically aligned webs of hollow masonry units shall be laid in a full bed of mortar, (a) under the starting course, (b) in all courses of columns, and (c) where adjacent to cells or cavities that are to be filled with grout. (3) Except for head joints left open for weep holes and ventilation, solid masonry units shall be laid with full head and bed joints.
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.4.3. Revoked: O. Reg. 88/19, s. 249. 9.20.5. Masonry Support
Notes to Table 9.15.4.2.B.:
9.20.5.1. Masonry Support (1) All masonry shall be supported on masonry, concrete or steel, except that masonry veneer walls are permitted to be supported on foundations
of wood frame constructed in conformance with Sentence 9.15.2.4.(1). (2) Every masonry wall shall be at least as thick as the wall it supports, except as otherwise permitted in Article 9.20.12.2.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.6.1. Thickness of Exterior Walls (1) Masonry exterior walls, other than cavity walls, in 1 storey buildings and the top storeys
of 2 and 3 storey buildings shall be not less than 140 mm thick provided the walls are not more than 2.8 m high at the eaves and 4.6 m high at the peaks of gable ends. (2) The exterior walls of the bottom storeys of 2 storey buildings, and exterior walls of the bottom 2 storeys of 3 storey buildings
shall be not less than 190 mm thick. (3) In exterior walls composed of more than one wythe, each wythe shall be not less than 90 mm thick.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.6.2. Cavity Walls (1) Cavity walls shall be made with not less than 90 mm wide units if the joints are raked and not less than 75 mm wide units if the joints are not raked. (2) The width of a cavity in a cavity wall shall be not less than 50 mm and not greater than 150 mm. (3) The minimum thickness of cavity walls above the supporting base shall be 230 mm for the top 7.6 m and 330 mm for the remaining portion, except that where 75 mm wide units are used, the wall height above the top of the foundation wall shall not exceed 6 m.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.6.3. Thickness of Interior Walls (1) The thickness of loadbearing interior walls shall be determined on the basis of the maximum lateral support spacing as provided in Sentences 9.20.10.1.(2) and (3). (2) The thickness of interior non-loadbearing walls shall be, (a) determined on the basis of the maximum lateral support spacing as provided in Sentences 9.20.10.1.(2) and (3), and (b) in any case, not less than 65 mm.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.6.4. Masonry Veneer (1) Except for masonry veneer where each masonry unit is supported individually by the structural backing, masonry veneer shall consist of solid masonry units not less than 70 mm thick. (2) Veneer described in Sentence (1) over wood frame walls shall have not less than a 25 mm air space behind the veneer. (3) Masonry veneer less than 90 mm thick shall have unraked joints. (4) Masonry veneer shall conform to Subsection 4.3.2. where the masonry units are required to be individually supported by the structural backing.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.6.5. Parapet Walls (1) The height of a parapet wall above the adjacent roof surface shall be not more than three times the parapet wall thickness. (2) A parapet wall shall be solid masonry that extends from the top of the parapet wall to not less than 300 mm below the adjacent roof level. (3) Where semi-solid or hollow units are used in a parapet wall, the cells of those units shall be filled with mortar, grout or concrete.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.6.6. Stone or Concrete Facings (1) Slab and panel facings of precast concrete and natural or artificial stone shall conform to Subsection 4.3.2. 9.20.7. Chases and Recesses
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.7.1. Maximum Dimensions (1) Except as provided in Sentence 9.20.7.2.(2) and Article 9.20.7.4., the depth of any chase or recess shall not exceed one-third the thickness of the wall, and the width of the chase or recess shall not exceed 500 mm.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.7.2. Minimum Wall Thickness (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2) and Article 9.20.7.4., no chase or recess shall be constructed in any wall 190 mm or less in thickness. (2) Recesses may be constructed in 190 mm walls provided they do not exceed 100 mm in depth, 750 mm in height and 500 mm in width.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.7.3. Separation of Chases and Recesses (1) Chases and recesses shall be not less than, (a) four times the wall thickness apart, and (b) 600 mm away from any pilaster, cross wall, buttress or other vertical element providing required lateral support for the wall.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.7.4. Non-Conforming Chases or Recesses (1) Chases or recesses that do not conform to the limits specified in Articles 9.20.7.1. to 9.20.7.3. shall be considered as openings, and any masonry supported above such a chase or recess shall be supported by a lintel or arch as provided in Article 9.20.5.2.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.7.5. Chases or Recesses Cut into Walls (1) Chases or recesses shall not be cut into walls made with hollow units after the masonry units are in place. 9.20.8. Support of Loads
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.8.1. Capping of Hollow Masonry Walls (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), loadbearing walls of hollow masonry units supporting roof or floor framing members shall be capped with not less than 50 mm of solid masonry or have the top course filled with concrete. (2) Capping required in Sentence (1) may be omitted where the roof framing is supported on a wood plate not less than 38 mm by 89 mm.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.8.2. Cavity Walls Supporting Framing Members (1) Floor joists supported on cavity walls shall be supported on solid masonry units not less than 57 mm high. (2) Floor joists described in Sentence (1) shall not project into the cavity. (3) Roof and ceiling framing members bearing on cavity walls
shall be supported on, (a)  solid masonry units not less than 57 mm high, bridging the full thickness of the wall, or (b) a wood plate not less than 38 mm thick, bearing not less than 50 mm on each wythe.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.8.3. Bearing of Beams and Joists (1) The bearing area under beams and joists shall be sufficient to carry the supported load. (2) In no case shall the minimum length of end bearing of beams supported on masonry be less than 90 mm. (3) The length of end bearing of floor, roof or ceiling joists supported on masonry shall be not less than 40 mm.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.8.4. Support of Beams and Columns (1) Beams and columns supported on masonry walls shall be supported on pilasters where the thickness of the masonry wall or wythe is less than 190 mm. (2) Not less than 190 mm depth of solid masonry or concrete shall be provided under the beam or column referred to in Sentence (1). (3) Pilasters required in Sentence (1) shall be bonded or tied to masonry walls. (4) Concrete pilasters required in Sentence (1) shall be not less than 50 mm by 300 mm. (5) Unit masonry pilasters required in Sentence (1) shall be not less than 100 mm by 290 mm.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.8.5. Projection of Masonry Veneer beyond Supporting Members (1) Masonry veneer of solid masonry units resting on a bearing support shall not project more than one-third of the thickness of the veneer. (2) Where the masonry veneer described in Sentence (1) is rough stone masonry, (a) the projection shall be measured as the average projection of the units, and (b) the thickness of the veneer shall be measured as the average thickness of the veneer. 9.20.9. Bonding and Tying
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.9.1. Joints to be Offset or Reinforced (1) Vertical joints in adjacent masonry courses shall be offset unless each wythe of masonry is reinforced with the equivalent of no fewer than two corrosion-resistant steel bars of 3.76 mm diam placed in the horizontal joints at vertical intervals not exceeding 460 mm. (2) Where joints in the reinforcing referred to in Sentence (1) occur, the bars shall be lapped not less than 150 mm.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.9.2. Bonding or Tying of Other than Masonry Veneer (1) Except as provided in Article 9.20.9.5 for masonry veneer, masonry walls that consist of two or more wythes shall have the wythes bonded or tied together with masonry bonding units as described in Article 9.20.9.3. or with metal ties as described in Articles 9.20.9.4.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.9.3. Bonding (1) Where wythes are bonded together with masonry units, the bonding units shall comprise not less than 4 per cent of the wall surface area. (2) Bonding units described in Sentence (1) shall be spaced not more than 600 mm vertically and horizontally in the case of brick masonry and 900 mm o.c. in the case of block or tile. (3) Units described in Sentence (1) shall extend not less than 90 mm into adjacent wythes.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.9.4. Tying (1) Where two or more wythes are tied together with metal ties of the individual rod type, the ties shall conform to the requirements in Sentences (3) to (6). (2) Other ties may be used where it can be shown that such ties provide walls that are at least as strong and as durable as those made with the individual rod type. (3) Metal ties of the individual rod type shall, (a) be corrosion-resistant, (b) have a minimum cross-sectional area of not less than 17.8 mm², and (c) have not less than a 50 mm portion bent at right angles at each end. (4) Metal ties of the individual rod type shall, (a) extend from within 25 mm of the outer face of the wall to within 25 mm of the inner face of the wall, (b) be completely embedded in mortar except for the portion exposed in cavity walls, and (c) be staggered from course to course. (5) Where two or more wythes in walls other than cavity walls
and masonry veneer/masonry back-up walls are tied together with metal ties of the individual rod type, the space between wythes shall be completely filled with mortar. (6) Ties described in Sentence (5) shall be, (a) located within 300 mm of openings and spaced not more than 900 mm apart around openings, and (b) spaced not more than 900 mm apart horizontally and 460 mm apart vertically at other locations. (7) Except as required in Sentences (8) and (9), where the inner and outer wythes of cavity walls are tied with individual wire ties, the ties shall be spaced not more than 900 mm apart horizontally and 400 mm apart vertically. (8) Within 100 mm of the bottom of each floor or roof assembly where the cavity extends below the assemblies, the ties described in Sentence (7) shall be spaced not more than 600 mm apart horizontally. (9) Within 300 mm of any openings, the ties described in Sentence (7) shall be spaced not more than 900 mm apart.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.9.5. Ties for Masonry Veneer (1) Masonry veneer 70 mm or more in thickness and resting on a bearing support shall be tied to masonry back-up or to wood framing members with straps that are, (a) corrosion-resistant, (b) not less than 0.76 mm thick, (c) not less than 22 mm wide, (d) shaped to provide a key with the mortar, and (e) spaced in accordance with Table 9.20.9.5. Table 9.20.9.5.   Veneer Tie Spacing Forming Part of Sentence 9.20.9.5.(1) Item   Column 1 Maximum Vertical Spacing, mm    Column 2 Maximum Horizontal Spacing, mm 

  1.   406   813 

  2.   508   610 

  3.   610   406 (2) The straps described in Sentence (1) that are fastened to the wood framing members shall be, (a) bent at a right angle within 6 mm from the fastener, and (b) fastened with corrosion resistant 3.18 mm diam screws or spiral nails having a wood penetration of not less than 30 mm. (3) Masonry veneer individually supported by masonry or wood frame back-up shall be secured to the back-up in conformance with Subsection 4.3.2. (4) The straps described in Sentence (1) may be installed against one of the sheathings listed in Table 9.23.16.2.A. provided that, (a) the tie is in contact with the exterior surface of the sheathing, and (b) the sheathing beneath the tie is not compressed.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.9.6. Reinforcing for Glass Block (1) Glass block shall have horizontal joint reinforcement of two corrosion-resistant bars of not less than 3.76 mm diam or expanded metal strips not less than 75 mm wide, (a) spaced at vertical intervals of not more than 600 mm for units 190 mm or less in height, and (b) installed in every horizontal joint for units higher than 190 mm. (2) Reinforcement required in Sentence (1) shall be lapped not less than 150 mm. 9.20.10. Lateral Support
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.10.1. Lateral Support Required (1) Masonry walls shall be laterally supported by floor or roof construction or by intersecting masonry walls or buttresses. (2) The spacing of supports required in Sentence (1) shall be not more than, (a) 20 times the wall thickness for all loadbearing walls and exterior non-loadbearing walls, and (b) 36 times the wall thickness for interior non-loadbearing walls. (3) In applying Sentence (2), the thickness of cavity walls
shall be taken as the greater of, (a) two-thirds of the sum of the thicknesses of the wythes, or (b) the thickness of the thicker wythe. (4) Floor and roof structural elements providing lateral support for walls as required in Sentence (1) shall be constructed to transfer lateral loads to walls or buttresses approximately at right angles to the laterally supported walls. 9.20.11. Anchorage of Roofs, Floors and Intersecting Walls
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.11.1. Anchorage of Floor or Roof Assemblies (1) Where required to receive lateral support, masonry walls shall be anchored to each floor or roof assembly at maximum intervals of 2 m, except that anchorage of floor joists not more than 1 m above grade may be omitted. (2) Anchors required in Sentence (1) shall be corrosion-resistant and be not less than the equivalent of 40 mm by 4.76 mm thick steel straps. (3) Anchors required in Sentence (1) shall be shaped to provide a mechanical key with the masonry and shall be securely fastened to the horizontal support to develop the full strength of the anchor. (4) When joists are parallel to the wall, anchors required in Sentence (1) shall extend across no fewer than three joists.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.11.2. Bonding and Tying of Intersecting Walls (1) Where required to provide lateral support, intersecting walls shall be bonded or tied together. (2) Where bonding is used to satisfy the requirements of Sentence (1), 50% of the adjacent masonry units in the intersecting wall, distributed uniformly over the height of the intersection, shall be embedded in the laterally supported wall. (3) Where tying is used to satisfy the requirements of Sentence (1), the ties shall be, (a) corrosion-resistant metal, (b) equivalent to not less than 4.76 mm by 40 mm steel strapping, (c) spaced not more than 800 mm o.c. vertically, and (d) shaped at both ends to provide sufficient mechanical key to develop the strength of the ties.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.11.3. Wood Frame Walls Intersecting Masonry Walls (1) Wood frame walls shall be tied to intersecting masonry walls with not less than 4.76 mm diam corrosion-resistant steel rods spaced not more than 900 mm o.c. vertically. (2) Ties required in Sentence (1) shall be anchored to the wood framing at one end and shaped to provide a mechanical key at the other end to develop the strength of the tie.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.11.4. Wood Frame Roof Systems (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), roof systems of wood frame construction shall be tied to exterior masonry walls by not less than 12.7 mm diam anchor bolts, (a) spaced not more than 2.4 m apart, (b) embedded not less that 90 mm into the masonry, and (c) fastened to a rafter plate of not less than 38 mm thick lumber. (2) The roof system described in Sentence (1) is permitted to be anchored by nailing the wall furring strips to the side of the rafter plate.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.11.5. Cornices, Sills and Trim (1) Cornices, sills or other trim of masonry material that project beyond the wall face shall have not less than 65% of their mass, but not less than 90 mm, within the wall or shall be adequately anchored to the wall with corrosion-resistant anchors.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.11.6. Piers (1) Where anchor bolts are to be placed in the top of a masonry pier, the pier shall conform to the requirements of Sentence 9.15.2.3.(4) and shall be capped with concrete or reinforced masonry not less than 200 mm thick. 9.20.12. Corbelling
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.12.1. Corbelling (1) All corbelling shall consist of solid masonry units. (2) The units referred to in Sentence (1) shall be corbelled so that the horizontal projection of any unit does not exceed 25 mm and the total projection does not exceed one-third of the total wall thickness.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.12.2. Corbelling for Cavity Walls (1) Cavity walls of greater thickness than the foundation wall on which they rest shall not be corbelled but may project 25 mm over the outer face of the foundation
wall disregarding parging. (2) Where the foundation wall referred to in Sentence (1) is unit masonry, it is permitted to be corbelled to meet flush with the inner face of a cavity wall provided, (a) the projection of each course does not exceed half the height or one-third the width of the corbelled unit, and (b) the total corbel does not exceed one-third of the foundation wall thickness.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.12.3. Corbelling for Masonry Veneer (1) Masonry veneer resting on a bearing support shall not project more than 25 mm beyond the supporting base where the veneer is at least 90 mm thick, and 12 mm beyond the supporting base where the veneer is less than 90 mm thick. (2) In the case of rough stone veneer, the projection, measured as the average projection of the stone units, shall not exceed one-third the bed width beyond the supporting base. 9.20.13. Control of Rain Water Penetration
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.13.1. Materials for Flashing (1) Materials used for flashing shall conform to Table 9.20.13.1. (2) Aluminum flashing in contact with masonry or concrete shall be effectively coated or separated from the masonry or concrete by an impervious membrane. Table 9.20.13.1.   Flashing Materials Forming Part of Sentence 9.20.13.1.(1) Item   Column 1   Column 2   Column 3 

      Material   Minimum Thickness, mm     

          Exposed Flashing   Concealed Flashing 

  1.   Aluminum   0.48   — 

  2.   Copper   0.46   0.46 

  3.   Copper or aluminum laminated to felt or kraft paper   —   0.05 

  4.   Hot dipped or galvanized steel   0. 33   0.33 

  5.   Lead sheet   1.73   1.73 

  6.   Polyethylene   —   0.50 

  7.   Roll roofing, Type S   —   standard 

  8.   Zinc   0.46   0.46
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.13.2. Fastening of Flashing (1) Fastening devices for flashing shall be corrosion-resistant and, where metal flashing is used, shall be compatible with the flashing with respect to galvanic action.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.13.3. Location of Flashing (1) Flashing shall be installed in masonry and masonry veneer walls, (a) beneath jointed masonry window sills, (b) over the back and top of parapet walls, (c) over the heads of glass block panels, (d) beneath weep holes, and (e) over the heads of window and door openings in exterior walls when the vertical distance between the top of a window or door frame and the bottom edge of the eave exceeds one-quarter of the horizontal eave overhang. (2) Throughwall flashing shall be provided in a masonry veneer wall such that any moisture that accumulates in the air space will be directed to the exterior of the building.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.13.4. Extension of Flashing (1) When installed beneath jointed masonry window sills and jointed masonry copings or over the heads of openings, flashing shall extend from the front edge of the masonry up behind the sill or lintel. (2) A flashing may be omitted when the masonry at the sill of a wall opening or the top of a wall is protected by an impervious non-jointed masonry coping that conforms to Article 9.20.13.12.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.13.5. Flashing for Weep Holes in Masonry Veneer/Masonry Walls (1) Flashing beneath weep holes in cavity walls and masonry veneer/masonry back-up walls shall, (a) be bedded not less than 25 mm in the inside wythe, (b) extend to not less than 5 mm beyond the outer face of the building element below the flashing, and (c) be installed with a nominally horizontal slope toward the outside wythe.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.13.6. Flashing for Weep Holes in Masonry Veneer (1) Flashing beneath weep holes in masonry veneer over masonry back-up walls shall conform to the flashing requirements for cavity walls and masonry veneer/masonry back-up walls in Article 9.20.13.5. (2) Flashing beneath weep holes in masonry veneer over wood frame walls shall be installed so that it extends from a point not less than 5 mm beyond the outer face of the
building element below the flashing to a point 150 mm up the wood frame wall. (3) Where the frame wall is sheathed with a sheathing membrane, a non-wood-based rigid exterior insulating sheathing or a semi-rigid insulating sheathing with an integral sheathing membrane, the flashing shall be installed behind the sheathing membrane or insulating sheathing. (4) Flashing described in Sentence (2) is permitted to conform to the requirements for concealed flashing in Table 9.20.13.1.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.13.7. Flashing Joints (1) Joints in flashing shall be made watertight.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.13.8. Required Weep Holes (1) Weep holes spaced not more than 800 mm apart shall be provided at the bottom of, (a) cavities in cavity walls, and (b) cavities or air spaces in masonry veneer walls. (2) The cavities or air spaces described in Sentence (1) shall include those above lintels over window and door openings required to be flashed in conformance with Article 9.20.13.3. (3) The weep holes required in Sentence (1) shall be in a location such that any water that collects in the cavity or space will be directed to the exterior of the building.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.13.9. Protection of Interior Finish (1) Except as provided in Sentence (3), where the interior finish of the exterior walls of a building is a type that may be damaged by moisture, exterior masonry walls, other than cavity walls
or walls that are protected for their full height by a roof of a carport or porch, shall be, (a) parged on the interior surface, and (b) covered with No. 15 breather-type asphalt-saturated paper conforming to CAN/CGSB-51.32-M, “Sheathing, Membrane, Breather Type”, and shall be lapped not less than 100 mm at the joints. (2) In situations described in Sentence (1), flashing shall be provided where water will accumulate, to lead it to the exterior. (3) Where the insulation effectively limits the passage of water vapour and is applied by a waterproof adhesive or by mortar directly to the masonry, the requirements for sheathing paper do not apply.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.13.10. Mortar Droppings (1) Cavity walls shall be constructed so that mortar droppings are prevented from forming a bridge to allow the passage of rain water across the cavity.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.13.11. Caulking at Door and Window Frames (1) The junction of door and window frames with masonry shall be caulked in conformance with Subsection 9.27.4.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.13.12. Drips Beneath Window Sills (1) Except for wall openings located less than 150 mm above ground level, where a concealed flashing is not installed beneath window and door sills, such sills shall be provided with an outward slope and a drip located not less than 25 mm from the wall surface. 9.20.14. Protection During Work
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.14.1. Laying Temperature of Mortar and Masonry (1) Mortar and masonry shall be maintained at a temperature not below 5°C during installation and for not less than 48 h after installation. (2) No frozen material shall be used in the mortar mix.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.14.2. Protection from Weather (1) The top surface of uncompleted masonry exposed to the weather shall be completely covered with a waterproofing material when construction is not in progress. 9.20.15. Reinforcement for Earthquake Resistance
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.15.1. Amount of Reinforcement (1) Where reinforcement is required in this Section, masonry walls shall be reinforced horizontally and vertically with steel having a total cross-sectional area of not less than 0.002 times the horizontal cross-sectional area of the wall, so that not less than one-third of the required steel area is installed either horizontally or vertically and the remainder in the other direction.
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.15.2. Installation Standard (1) Where reinforcement for masonry is required in this Section, it shall be installed in conformance with the requirements for reinforced masonry as contained in CSA A371, “Masonry Construction for Buildings”. 9.20.16. Corrosion Resistance
Notes toTable 9.20.5.2.C.:
9.20.16.1. Corrosion Resistance of Connectors (1) Carbon steel connectors required to be corrosion-resistant shall be galvanized to at least the minimum standards in Table 9.20.16.1. Table 9.20.16.1.   Minimum Requirements for Galvanizing Forming Part of Sentence 9.20.16.1.(1) Item   Column 1 Connector Material   Column 2 ASTM Standard   Column 3 Coating Class 

  1.   Wire ties and continuous reinforcing (hot-dipped galvanizing)   A153 / A153M   Class B2 or 458 g/m² 

  2.   Hardware and bolts   A153 / A153M   See A153 / A153M 

  3.   Strip, plate, bars, and rolled sections (not less than 3.18 mm thick)   A123 / A123M   610 g/m² 

  4.   Sheet (less than 3.18 mm thick)   A123 / A123M   305 g/m² on material 0.76 mm thick(1)
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.20.17.1. Thickness of Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls (1) The thickness of concrete in flat insulating concrete form walls not in contact with the ground shall be, (a) not less than 140 mm, and (b) constant for the entire height of the wall.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.20.17.2. Reinforcement for Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls (1) Horizontal reinforcement in above-grade flat insulating concrete form walls shall, (a) consist of, (i) one 10M bar placed not more than 300 mm from the top of the wall, and (ii) 10M bars spaced not more than 600 mm o.c., and (b) be placed in the middle third of the wall section. (2) Vertical reinforcement in above-grade flat insulating concrete form walls shall, (a) consist of 10M bars spaced not more than 400 mm o.c., and (b) be placed in the middle third of the wall section. (3) Vertical reinforcement required in Sentence (2) and interrupted by wall openings shall be placed not more than 600 mm from each side of the opening.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.20.17.3. Openings in Non-Loadbearing Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls (1) No openings shall occur within 1.2 m of interior and exterior corners of exterior non-loadbearing flat insulating concrete form walls. (2) Portions of walls over openings in non-loadbearing flat insulating concrete form walls shall have a minimum depth of concrete of not less than 200 mm over the width of the opening. (3) Openings more than 600 mm but not more than 3 m in width in non-loadbearing
flat insulating concrete form walls shall be reinforced at the top and bottom with one 10M bar. (4) Openings more than 3 m in width in non-loadbearing flat insulating concrete form walls shall be reinforced on all four sides with two 10M bars. (5) Reinforcing bars described in Sentences (3) and (4) shall extend not less than 600 mm beyond the edges of the opening. (6) The cumulative width of openings in non-loadbearing
flat insulating concrete form walls shall be not more than 70% of the length of any wall.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.20.17.4. Openings in Loadbearing Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls (1) No openings shall occur within 1.2 m of interior and exterior corners of exterior loadbearing flat insulating concrete form walls. (2) In
loadbearing flat insulating concrete form walls, lintels shall be provided over all openings wider than 900 mm. (3) Lintels described in Sentence (2) shall be constructed in accordance with Tables A-17, A-18 or A-19. (4) Lintels described in Sentence (2) over openings wider than 1.2 m shall be reinforced for shear with 10M stirrups at a maximum spacing of half the distance from the bottom reinforcing bar to the top of the lintel.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.20.17.5. Framing Supported on Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls (1) Floor joists supported on the side of flat insulating concrete form walls shall be supported with joist hangers secured to wood ledger boards. (2) The ledger boards described in Sentence (1) shall be not less than, (a) 38 mm thick, and (b) the depth of the floor joists. (3) Anchor bolts shall be used to secure ledger boards to flat insulating concrete form walls and shall be, (a) embedded in the wall to a depth not less than 100 mm, and (b) spaced in accordance with Table 9.20.17.5. (4) Floor joists and building frames supported on top of flat insulating concrete form walls shall be anchored in conformance with Article 9.23.6.1. Table 9.20.17.5.   Maximum Anchor Bolt Spacing for the Connection of Ledger Boards to Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls Forming Part of Sentence 9.20.17.5.(3) Item   Column 1   Column 2   Column 3 

      Maximum Clear Floor Span, m   Maximum Anchor Bolt Spacing, mm     

          Staggered 12.7 mm Diameter Anchor Bolts   Staggered 16 mm Diameter Anchor Bolts 

  1.   2.44   450   500 

  2.   3.00   400   450 

  3.   4.00   300   400 

  4.   5.00   275   325
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.20.17.6. Anchoring of Roof Framing to Top of Flat Insulating Concrete Form Walls (1) Roof framing supported on the top of flat insulating concrete form walls shall be fixed to the top plates, which shall be anchored to the wall with anchor bolts, (a) not less than 12.7 mm in diameter, and (b) spaced not more than 1.2 m o.c. (2) The anchor bolts described in Sentence (1) shall be placed in the centre of the flat insulating concrete form wall and shall be embedded not less than 100 mm into the concrete. (3) Attachment of roof framing to wood top plates shall be in accordance with Table 9.23.3.4.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.20.17.7. Protection from Precipitation and Damage (1) Above ground flat insulating concrete form walls shall be protected from precipitation and damage in conformance with Section 9.27. Section 9.21. Masonry and Concrete Chimneys and Flues 9.21.1. General
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.1.1. Application (1) This Section applies to, (a) rectangular masonry or concrete chimneys not more than 12 m in height serving fireplaces or serving appliances having a combined total rated heat output of 120 kW or less, and (b)  flue pipes
serving solid fuel-burning appliances. (2) Except as provided in Sentence 9.21.1.3.(1), chimneys (other than those described in Sentence (1) and Sentence 9.21.1.2.(1)), gas vents and flue pipes
serving gas-, oil- or solid fuel-burning appliances
and associated equipment shall conform to Section 6.3.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.1.2. Factory-Built Chimneys (1) Factory-built chimneys serving solid fuel-burning appliances, and their installation, shall conform to CAN/ULC-S629-M, “650°C Factory-Built Chimneys”.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.1.3. Flue Pipes (1) Flue pipes serving solid fuel-burning stoves, cooktops and space heaters shall conform to CSA B365, “Installation Code for Solid-Fuel-Burning Appliances and Equipment”.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.1.4. Chimney or Flue Pipe Walls (1) The walls of any chimney or flue pipe shall be constructed to be smoke- and flame-tight. 9.21.2. Chimney Flues
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.2.1. Chimney Flue Limitations (1) A
chimney flue that serves a fireplace or incinerator shall not serve any other appliance. (2) A
chimney flue that serves a solid fuel-burning appliance shall not be connected to a natural gas- or propane-fired appliance. (3) A
chimney flue that serves a solid fuel-burning appliance shall not be connected to an oil-burning appliance unless the solid fuel-burning appliance is listed for such installation and the installation of both appliances meets their respective installation requirements.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.2.2. Connections of More Than One Appliance (1) Except as required in Article 9.21.2.1., two or more fuel-burning appliances are permitted to be connected to the same chimney flue provided adequate draft is maintained for the connected appliances
and the connections are made as described in Sentences (2) and (3). (2) Where two or more solid fuel-burning appliances are connected to the same chimney flue, the appliances must be located on the same storey. (3) The connection referred to in Sentence (2) for a solid fuel-burning appliance shall be made below connections for appliances burning other fuels.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.2.3. Inclined Chimney Flues (1) Chimney flues shall not be inclined more than 45° to the vertical.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.2.4. Size of Chimney Flues (1) Except for chimneys serving fireplaces, the size of a chimney flue shall conform to the requirements of the solid fuel-burning appliance
installation standard referenced in Sentence 6.2.1.4.(1) and Article 9.33.1.2. (2) Where a chimney flue serves only one solid fuel-burning appliance, the flue area shall be at least equal to that of the flue pipe
connected to it.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.2.6. Oval Chimney Flues (1) The width of an oval chimney flue
shall be not less than two-thirds its breadth. 9.21.3. Chimney Lining
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.3.1. Lining Materials (1) Every
masonry or concrete chimney shall have a lining of clay, concrete, firebrick or metal.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.3.2. Joints in Chimney Liners (1) Joints of chimney liners shall be sealed to provide a barrier to the passage of flue gases and condensate into the cavity between the liner and the surrounding masonry. (2) Joints of clay, concrete or firebrick chimney liners shall be struck flush to provide a straight, smooth, aligned chimney flue.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.3.3. Clay Liners (1) Clay liners shall conform to CAN/CSA-A324-M, “Clay Flue Liners”. (2) Liners referred to in Sentence (1) shall be not less than 15.9 mm thick and shall be capable of resisting, without softening or cracking, a temperature of 1100°C.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.3.4. Firebrick Liners (1) Firebrick liners shall conform to ASTM C27, “Fireclay and High Alumina Refractory Brick”. (2) Firebrick liners shall be laid with high temperature cement mortar conforming to CAN/CGSB-10.3, “Air Setting Refractory Mortar”.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.3.5. Concrete Liners (1) Concrete
flue liners shall conform to Clause 4.2.6.4. of CAN/CSA-A405-M, “Design and Construction of Masonry Chimneys and Fireplaces”.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.3.6. Metal Liners (1) Metal liners shall be constructed of at least 0.3 mm thick stainless steel. (2) Except as provided in Sentence 9.22.10.2.(3), metal liners referred to in Sentence (1) shall only be used in chimneys serving gas- or oil-burning appliances.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.3.7. Installation of Chimney Liners (1) Chimney liners shall be installed when the surrounding masonry or concrete is placed.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.3.8. Spaces Between Liners and Surrounding Masonry (1) A space not less than 10 mm wide shall be left between a chimney liner and the surrounding masonry. (2) The space required in Sentence (1) shall not be filled with mortar.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.3.9. Mortar for Chimney Liners (1) Chimney liners used in chimneys
for solid fuel-burning appliances shall be laid in a full bed of, (a) high temperature cement mortar conforming to CAN/CGSB-10.3, “Air Setting Refractory Mortar”, or (b) mortar consisting of one part Portland cement to three parts sand by volume. (2) Chimney liners used in chimneys
for oil- or gas-burning appliances shall be laid in a full bed of mortar consisting of one part Portland cement to three parts sand by volume.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.3.10. Extension of Chimney Liners (1) Chimney liners shall extend from a point not less than 200 mm below the lowest flue pipe connection to a point not less than 50 mm or more than 100 mm above the chimney
cap. 9.21.4. Masonry and Concrete Chimney Construction
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.4.1. Unit Masonry (1) Unit masonry shall conform to Section 9.20.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.4.2. Concrete (1) Concrete shall conform to Section 9.3.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.4.3. Footings (1) Footings for masonry chimneys and concrete chimneys shall conform to the requirements in Section 9.15.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.4.4. Height of Chimney Flues (1) A
chimney flue shall extend not less than, (a) 900 mm above the highest point at which the chimney comes in contact with the roof, and (b) 600 mm above the highest roof surface or structure within 3 m of the chimney.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.4.5. Lateral Stability (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), chimneys shall be braced in accordance with Subsection 4.3.2. to provide stability under wind loads. (2) A
chimney need not be laterally braced provided, (a) no horizontal outside dimension is less than 400 mm, and (b) the chimney
extends not more than 3.6 m above a roof or the masonry wall of which it forms a part.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.4.6. Chimney Caps (1) The top of a chimney shall have a waterproof cap of reinforced concrete, masonry or metal. (2) The cap required in Sentence (1) shall slope from the lining and be provided with a drip not less than 25 mm from the chimney wall. (3) Cast-in-place concrete caps shall be separated from the chimney liner
by a bond break and be sealed at that location. (4) Jointed precast concrete or masonry chimney caps shall have flashing installed beneath the cap extending from the liner to the drip edge.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.4.7. Cleanout (1) Except for a chimney flue constructed to serve a masonry fireplace, a cleanout opening with a metal frame and tight-fitting metal door shall be installed near the base of the chimney flue.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.4.8. Wall Thickness (1) The walls of a masonry chimney shall be built of solid masonry units not less than 70 mm thick.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.4.9. Separation of Flue Liners (1) Flue liners in the same chimney
shall be separated by not less than 70 mm of masonry or concrete exclusive of liners where clay liners are used, or 90 mm of firebrick where firebrick liners are used. (2) Flue liners referred to in Sentence (1) shall be installed to prevent significant lateral movement.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.4.10. Flashing (1) Junctions with adjacent materials shall be adequately flashed to shed water. 9.21.5. Clearance from Combustible Construction
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.5.1. Clearance from Combustible Materials (1) The clearance between masonry or concrete chimneys and combustible framing material shall be not less than, (a) 50 mm for interior chimneys, and (b) 12 mm for exterior chimneys. (2) A clearance of not less than 150 mm shall be provided between a cleanout opening and combustible material. (3) Combustible flooring, subflooring and ceiling finishes shall have not less than a 12 mm clearance from masonry or concrete chimneys.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.5.2. Sealing of Spaces (1) All spaces between masonry or concrete chimneys and combustible material shall be sealed top or bottom with noncombustible material.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.21.5.3. Support of Joists or Beams (1) Joists or beams may be supported on masonry walls that enclose chimney flues provided the combustible members are separated from the flue by a minimum of 290 mm of solid masonry. Section 9.22. Fireplaces 9.22.1. General
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.22.1.1. Application (1) Except as otherwise specifically stated in this Part, this Section applies to masonry fireplaces constructed on site.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.22.1.2. Masonry and Concrete (1) Except as otherwise stated in this Section, unit masonry shall conform to Section 9.20. and concrete to Section 9.3. (2) Masonry above openings shall be supported by steel lintels conforming to Sentence 9.20.5.2.(2), reinforced concrete or a masonry arch.
Notes to Table 9.20.16.1.:
9.22.1.3. Footings (1) Footings for masonry and concrete fireplaces shall conform to Section 9.15.