jswizzle3737/ontario_laws_and_regs huggingface dataset:
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.13.8. Ridge Support (1) Except as provided in Sentence (4), roof rafters and joists shall be supported at the ridge of the roof by, (a) a loadbearing
wall extending from the ridge to suitable bearing, or (b) a ridge beam supported by not less than 89 mm length of bearing. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), the ridge beam referred to in Sentence (1) shall conform to the sizes and spans shown in Table A-12, provided, (a) the supported rafter or joist length does not exceed 4.9 m, and (b) the roof does not support any concentrated loads. (3) The ridge beam referred to in Sentence (1) need not comply with Sentence (2) where, (a) the beam is of not less than 38 mm by 140 mm material, and (b) the beam is supported at intervals not exceeding 1.2 m by not less than 38 mm by 89 mm members extending vertically from the ridge to suitable bearing. (4) When the roof slope is 1 in 3 or more, ridge support need not be provided when the lower ends of the rafters are adequately tied to prevent outward movement. (5) Ties required in Sentence (4) are permitted to consist of tie rods or ceiling joists forming a continuous tie for opposing rafters and nailed in accordance with Table 9.23.13.8. (6) Ceiling joists referred to in Sentence (5) shall be fastened together with at least one more nail per joist splice than required for the rafter to joist connection shown in Table 9.23.13.8. (7) Members referred to in Sentence (6) are permitted to be fastened together either directly or through a gusset plate. Table 9.23.13.8.   Rafter-to-Joist Nailing (Unsupported Ridge) Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.13.8.(5) and (6) Item   Col. 1   Col. 2   Col. 3   Col. 4   Col. 5   Col. 6   Col. 7   Col. 8   Col. 9   Col. 10   Col. 11   Col. 12   Col. 13   Col. 14 

      Roof Slope   Rafter Spacing, mm   Minimum Number of Nails not less than 75 mm Long                     

      Rafter Tied to every Joist               Rafter Tied to Joist every 1.2 m         

          Building Width up to 8.0 m   Building Width up to 9.8 m   Building Width up to 8.0 m   Building Width up to 9.8 m 

              Roof Snow Load, kPa   Roof Snow Load, kPa   Roof Snow Load, kPa   Roof Snow Load, kPa 

              1.0   or less   1.5   2.0 or more   1.0 or less   1.5    2.0 or more   1.0 or less   1.5   2.0 or more   1.0 or less   1.5   2.0 or more 

  1.   1 in 3   406   4   5   6   5   7   8   11   —   —   —   —   — 

          610   6   8   9   8   —   —   11   —   —   —   —   — 

  2.   1 in 2.4   406   4   4   5   5   6   7   7   10   —   9   —   — 

          610   5   7   8   7   9   11   7   10   —   —   —   — 

  3.   1 in 2   406   4   4   4   4   4   5   6   8   9   8   —   — 

          610   4   5   6   5   7   8   6   8   9   8   —   — 

  4.   1 in 1.71   406   4   4   4   4   4   4   5   7   8   7   9   11 

          610   4   4   5   5   6   7   5   7   8   7   9   11 

  5.   1 in 1.33   406   4   4   4   4   4   4   4   5   6   5   6   7 

          610   4   4   4   4   4   5   4   5   6   5   6   7 

  6.   1 in 1   406   4   4   4   4   4   4   4   4   4   4   4   5 

          610   4   4   4   4   4   4   4   4   4   4   4   5
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.13.9. Restraint of Joist Bottoms (1) Roof joists supporting a finished ceiling, other than plywood, OSB or waferboard, shall be restrained from twisting along the bottom edges by means of furring, blocking, cross bridging or strapping conforming to Article 9.23.9.3.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.13.10. Ceiling Joists Supporting Roof Load (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), ceiling joists supporting part of the roof load from the rafters shall be not less than 25 mm greater in depth than required for ceiling joists not supporting part of the roof load. (2) When the roof slope is 1 in 4 or less, the ceiling joist sizes referred to in Sentence (1) shall be determined from the span tables for roof joists.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.13.11. Wood Roof Trusses (1) Roof trusses that are not designed in accordance with Part 4 shall, (a) be capable of supporting a total ceiling load (dead load plus live load) of 0.35 kPa plus two and two-thirds times the specified live roof load for 24 h, and (b) not exceed the deflections shown in Table 9.23.13.11. when loaded with the ceiling load plus one and one-third times the specified roof snow load for 1 h. Table 9.23.13.11.   Maximum Roof Truss Deflections Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.13.11.(1) Item   Column 1 Truss Span   Column 2 Type of Ceiling   Column 3 Maximum Deflection 

  1.   4.3 m or less   Plaster or gypsum board   1/360 of the span 

          Other than plaster or gypsum board   1/180 of the span 

  2.   Over 4.3 m   Plaster or gypsum board   1/360 of the span 

          Other than plaster or gypsum board   1/240 of the span (2) The joint connections used in trusses described in Sentence (1) shall be designed in conformance with the requirements in Subsection 4.3.1. (3) Where the length of compression web members in roof trusses described in Sentence (1) exceeds 1.83 m, such web members shall be provided with continuous bracing to prevent buckling. (4) Bracing required in Sentence (3) shall consist of not less than 19 mm by 89 mm lumber nailed at right angles to the web members near their centres with at least two 63 mm nails for each member. (5) Where the ability of a truss design to satisfy the requirements of Sentence (1) is demonstrated by testing, it shall consist of a full scale load test carried out in conformance with CSA S307-M, “Load Test Procedure for Wood Trusses for Houses and Small Buildings”. (6) Where the ability of a truss design to satisfy the requirements of Sentence (1) is demonstrated by analysis, it shall be carried out in accordance with good engineering practice such as described in TPIC, “Truss Design Procedures and Specifications for Light Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses”. 9.23.14. Subflooring
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.14.1. Subflooring Required (1) Subflooring shall be provided beneath finish flooring where the finish flooring does not have adequate strength to support the design loads.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.14.2. Material Standards (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), wood-based panels for subfloors shall conform to, (a) CSA O121, “Douglas Fir Plywood”, (b) CSA O151, “Canadian Softwood Plywood”, (c) CSA O153, “Poplar Plywood”, (d) CSA O325, “Construction Sheathing”, or (e) CSA O437.0, “OSB and Waferboard”. (2) Particleboard subflooring may be used only where a building is constructed in a factory so that the subfloor will not be exposed to the weather. (3) Subflooring described in Sentence (2) shall conform to grade D-2 or D-3 in ANSI A208.1, “Particleboard”. (4) Subflooring described in Sentence (2) shall have its upper surface and all edges treated to restrict water absorption where the subfloor is used in bathrooms, kitchens, laundry rooms or other areas subject to periodic wetting.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.14.3. Edge Support (1) Where the edges of panel-type subflooring are required to be supported, such support shall consist of tongue-and-groove panel edges or not less than 38 mm by 38 mm blocking securely nailed between framing members.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.14.4. Direction of Installation (1) Plywood subflooring shall be installed with the surface grain at right angles to the joists and with joints parallel to floor joists staggered. (2) OSB subflooring conforming to CSA O325, “Construction Sheathing”, or to O-1 and O-2 grades in CSA O437.0, “OSB and Waferboard”, and waferboard subflooring conforming to R-1 grade in CSA O437.0 shall be installed so that the direction of face orientation is at right angles to the joists and the joints parallel to the floor joists are staggered.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.14.5. Subfloor Thickness or Rating (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), subfloors shall conform to Table 9.23.14.5.A. or 9.23.14.5.B. Table 9.23.14.5.A.   Thickness of Subflooring Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.14.5.(1) and 9.23.15.7.(1)  Item   Column 1 Maximum Spacing of Supports, mm   Column 2 Minimum Thickness, mm Plywood and OSB, O-2 Grade   Column 3 Minimum Thickness, mm OSB, O-1 Grade, and Waferboard, R-1 Grade   Column 4 Minimum Thickness, mm Particleboard   Column 5 Minimum Thickness, mm Lumber 

  1.   406   15.5   15.9   15.9   17.0 

  2.   508   15.5   15.9   19.0   19.0 

  3.   610   18.5   19.0   25.4   19.0 Table 9.23.14.5.B.   Rating for Subfloor when Applying CSA O325 Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.14.5.(1) and 9.23.15.7.(1)  Item   Column 1 Maximum Spacing of Supports, mm   Column 2 Panel Mark Subfloor    Column 3 Panel Mark Subfloor Used with Panel-Type Underlay 

  1.   406   1F16   2F16 

  2.   508   1F20   2F20 

  3.   610   1F24   2F24 (2) Where the finished flooring consists of not less than 19 mm matched wood strip flooring laid at right angles to joists, spaced not more than 610 mm o.c., subflooring shall be permitted to consist of not less than, (a) 12.5 mm thick plywood, (b) 12.5 mm thick OSB conforming to O-2 grade, (c) 12.7 mm thick OSB conforming to O-1 grade, (d) 12.7 mm thick waferboard conforming to R-1 grade, or (e) OSB conforming to 2R32 / 2F16 grade. (3) Except where the flooring consists of ceramic tiles applied with adhesive, where a separate panel-type underlay or concrete topping is applied to a subfloor on joists spaced not more than 406 mm o.c., the subfloor may consist of not less than, (a) 12.5 mm thick plywood, (b) 12.5 mm thick OSB conforming to O-2 grade, (c) 12.7 mm thick OSB conforming to O-1 grade, (d) 12.7 mm thick waferboard conforming to R-1 grade, or (e) OSB conforming to 2R32 / 2F16 grade.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.14.6. Annular Grooved Nails (1) When resilient flooring is applied directly to an OSB, waferboard, particleboard or plywood subfloor, the subfloor shall be fastened to the supports with annular grooved nails.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.14.7. Lumber Subflooring (1) Lumber subflooring shall be laid at an angle of not less than 45° to the joists. (2) Lumber subflooring shall be fully supported at the ends on solid bearing. (3) Lumber for subflooring shall be of uniform thickness and not more than 184 mm wide. 9.23.15. Roof Sheathing
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.15.1. Required Roof Sheathing (1) Except as provided in Section 9.26., continuous lumber or panel-type roof sheathing shall be installed to support the roofing.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.15.2. Material Standards (1) Wood-based panels used for roof sheathing shall conform to the requirements of, (a) CSA O121, “Douglas Fir Plywood”, (b) CSA O151, “Canadian Softwood Plywood”, (c) CSA O153, “Poplar Plywood”, (d) CSA O325, “Construction Sheathing”, or (e) CSA O437.0, “OSB and Waferboard”.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.15.3. Direction of Installation (1) Plywood roof sheathing shall be installed with the surface grain at right angles to the roof framing. (2) OSB roof sheathing conforming to CSA O325, “Construction Sheathing”, or to O-1 and O-2 grades as specified in CSA O437.0, “OSB and Waferboard”, shall be installed with the direction of face orientation at right angles to the roof framing members.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.15.4. Joints in Panel-Type Sheathing (1) Panel-type sheathing board shall be applied so that joints perpendicular to the roof ridge are staggered where, (a) the sheathing is applied with the surface grain parallel to the roof ridge, and (b) the thickness of the sheathing is such that the edges are required to be supported. (2) A gap of not less than 2 mm shall be left between sheets of plywood, OSB or waferboard.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.15.5. Lumber Roof Sheathing (1) Lumber roof sheathing shall not be more than 286 mm wide and shall be applied so that all ends are supported with end joints staggered.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.15.6. Edge Support (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), where panel-type roof sheathing requires edge support, the support shall consist of, (a) metal H clips, or (b) not less than 38 mm by 38 mm blocking securely nailed between framing members. (2) The supports referred to in Sentence (1) are not required when tongued-and-grooved edged panel-type sheathing board is used.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.15.7. Thickness or Rating (1) The thickness or rating of roof sheathing on a flat roof used as a walking deck shall conform to either Table 9.23.14.5.A. or Table 9.23.14.5.B. for subfloors. (2) The thickness or rating of roof sheathing on a roof not used as a walking deck shall conform to either Table 9.23.15.7.A. or Table 9.23.15.7.B. Table 9.23.15.7.A.   Thickness of Roof Sheathing Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.15.7.(2)  Item   Column 1 Maximum Spacing of Supports, mm   Column 2 Minimum Thickness, mm Plywood and OSB, O-2 Grade Edges Supported   Column 3 Minimum Thickness, mm Plywood and OSB, O-2 Grade Edges Unsupported   Column 4 Minimum Thickness, mm OSB, O-1 Grade and Waferboard, R-1 Grade Edges Supported   Column 5 Minimum Thickness, mm OSB, O-1 Grade and Waferboard, R-1 Grade Edges Unsupported   Column 6 Minimum Thickness, mm Lumber 

  1.   305   7.5   7.5   9.5   9.5   17.0 

  2.   406   7.5   9.5   9.5   11.1   17.0 

  3.   610   9.5   12.5   11.1   12.7   19.0 Table 9.23.15.7.B.   Rating for Roof Sheathing When Applying CSA O325 Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.15.7.(2)  Item   Column 1 Maximum Spacing of Supports, mm   Column 2 Panel Mark - Edges Supported   Column 3 Panel Mark - Edges Unsupported 

  1.   406   2R16   1R16 

  2.   508   2R20   1R20 

  3.   610   2R24   1R24 (3) Asphalt-coated or asphalt-impregnated fibreboard not less than 11.1 mm thick conforming to CAN/ULC-S706.1, “Wood Fibre Insulating Boards for Buildings”, is permitted to be used as a roof sheathing over supports spaced not more than 406 mm o.c., provided the roofing consists of, (a) a continuous sheet of galvanized steel not less than 0.33 mm in thickness, or (b) a continuous sheet of aluminum not less than 0.61 mm in thickness. (4) All edges of sheathing described in Sentence (3) shall be supported by blocking or framing. 9.23.16. Wall Sheathing
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.16.1. Required Sheathing (1) Exterior walls and gable ends shall be sheathed when the exterior cladding requires intermediate fastening between supports or if the exterior cladding requires solid backing.
Notes to Table 9.23.10.1.:
9.23.16.2. Thickness, Rating and Material Standards (1) Where wall sheathing is required for the purpose of complying with this Section, it shall conform to Table 9.23.16.2.A. or Table 9.23.16.2.B. Table 9.23.16.2.A.   Wall Sheathing Thickness and Specifications Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.16.2.(1) Item   Column 1 Type of Sheathing   Column 2 Minimum Thickness, mm(1) With Supports 406 mm o.c.   Column 3 Minimum Thickness, mm(1) With Supports 610 mm o.c.   Column 4 Material Standards 

  1.   Fibreboard (insulating)   9.5   11.1   CAN/ULC-S706.1 

  2.   Gypsum Sheathing   9.5   12.7   ASTM C1177 / C1177M ASTM C1396 / C1396M(2) 

  3.   Lumber   17.0   17.0   See Table 9.3.2.1. 

  4.   Mineral Fibre, Rigid Board, Type 2   25   25   CAN/ULC-S702 

  5.   OSB, O-2 Grade   6.0   7.5   CSA O437.0 

  6.   OSB, O-1 Grade, and Waferboard, R-1 Grade   6.35   7.9   CSA O437.0 

  7.   Phenolic, faced   25   25   CAN/CGSB-51.25-M 

  8.   Plywood (exterior type)   6   7.5   CSA O121 CSA O151 CSA O153 

  9.   Polystyrene, Types 1 and 2   38   38   CAN/ULC-S701.1 

  10.   Polystyrene, Types 3 and 4   25   25   CAN/ULC-S701.1 

  11.   Polyurethane and Polyisocyanurate Type 1, faced   38   38   CAN/ULC-S704 

  12.   Polyurethane and Polyisocyanurate Types 2 and 3, faced   25   25   CAN/ULC-S704
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.23.16.3. Attachment of Cladding to Sheathing (1) Gypsum sheathing, rigid insulation and fibreboard shall not be used for the attachment of siding materials. (2) Nails used in attaching the materials listed in Sentence (1) shall be not less than 3.2 mm diam with a minimum head diameter of 11 mm.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.23.16.4. Lumber Sheathing (1) Lumber wall sheathing shall be applied so that all ends are supported. (2) Where lumber wall sheathing is required to provide bracing according to Article 9.23.10.2., it shall be applied with end joints staggered.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.23.16.5. Joints in Panel-Type Sheathing (1) A gap of not less than 2 mm shall be left between sheets of plywood, OSB, waferboard or fibreboard.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.23.16.6. Mansard Style Roofs (1) Where the bottom portions of mansard style roofs are vented, the vertical framing members behind the sloping portions shall be considered on the same basis as exterior wall studs and shall conform to the appropriate requirements in Articles 9.27.3.2. to 9.27.3.6. Section 9.24. Sheet Steel Stud Wall Framing 9.24.1. General
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.1.1. Application (1) This Section applies to sheet steel studs for use in non-loadbearing
exterior and interior walls. (2) Where
loadbearing steel studs are used, they shall be designed in conformance with Part 4.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.1.2. Material Standards (1) Steel studs and runners shall conform to AISI S201, “North American Standard for Cold Formed Steel Framing – Product Data”.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.1.3. Metal Thickness (1) Metal thickness specified in this Section shall be the minimum base steel thickness exclusive of coatings.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.1.4. Screws (1) Screws for the application of cladding, sheathing or interior finish materials to steel studs, runners and furring channels shall conform to, (a) ASTM C954, “Steel Drill Screws for the Application of Gypsum Panel Products or Metal Plaster Bases to Steel Studs from 0.033 in. (0.84 mm) to 0.112 in. (2.84 mm) in Thickness”, or (b) ASTM C1002, “Steel Self-Piercing Tapping Screws for the Application of Gypsum Panel Products or Metal Plaster Bases to Wood Studs or Steel Studs”.
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.1.5. Cladding, Sheathing and Interior Finish Required (1) Cladding or sheathing, and interior finish shall be installed on steel stud framing and shall be fastened with screws, (a) spaced at the appropriate spacing described in Section 9.29., and (b) penetrating not less than 10 mm through the metal. 9.24.2. Size of Framing
Notes to Table 9.23.16.2.A.:
9.24.2.1. Size and Spacing of Studs in Interior Walls (1) Except as required in Articles 9.24.2.3. and 9.24.2.4., the size and spacing of steel studs for non-loadbearing interior walls shall conform to Table 9.24.2.1. Table 9.24.2.1.   Steel Studs for Non-Loadbearing Interior Walls(1) Forming Part of Sentence 9.24.2.1.(1) Item   Column 1 Minimum Stud Size, mm   Column 2 Maximum Stud Spacing, mm   Column 3 Maximum Wall Height, m 

  1.   32 × 41   406   3.0 

          610   2.7 

  2.   32 × 64   305   4.4 

          406   4.0 

          610   3.5 

  3.   32 × 89   305   5.2 

          406   4.6 

          610   3.9 

  4.   32 × 152   305   6.6 

          406   5.8 

          610   4.9
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.24.2.2. Thickness of Studs (1) Except as required in Article 9.24.2.4., steel studs in non-loadbearing
interior walls shall have a metal thickness of not less than 0.46 mm.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.24.2.3. Runners (1) Runners for interior and exterior non-loadbearing walls shall have a thickness of not less than the thickness of the corresponding studs and shall have not less than 30 mm flanges.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.24.2.4. Openings in Fire Separations (1) Where openings for doors in non-loadbearing fire separations required to have a fire-resistance rating do not exceed 1.2 m in width, (a) the width of steel studs shall be not less than 63 mm, and (b) the steel thickness shall be not less than 0.46 mm. (2) Where openings described in Sentence (1) exceed 1.2 m in width, (a) the width of steel studs shall be not less than 91 mm, and (b) the metal thickness shall be not less than 0.85 mm. (3) The distance to the first stud beyond the jamb of any door opening in a fire separation required to have a fire-resistance rating shall not exceed 400 mm. (4) Where the distance between the framing over the opening referred to in Sentence (3) and the top runner exceeds 400 mm in such walls, intermediate support shall be installed at intervals of not more than 400 mm above the opening.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.24.2.5. Size and Spacing of Studs in Exterior Walls (1) The size and spacing of non-loadbearing steel studs for exterior walls shall conform to Table 9.24.2.5. Table 9.24.2.5.   Size and Spacing of Steel Studs for Non-Loadbearing Exterior Walls Forming Part of Sentence 9.24.2.5.(1) Item   Column 1   Column 2   Column 3   Column 4   Column 5 

      Minimum Stud Size, mm   Minimum Metal Thickness, mm   Maximum Stud Length, m     

              Spacing of Studs         

              305 mm (o.c.)   406 mm (o.c.)   610 mm (o.c.) 

  1.   30 × 91   0.53   3.0   2.4   — 

  2.   30 × 91   0.69   3.3   2.7   2.4 

  3.   30 × 91   0.85   3.6   3.0   2.7 

  4.   30 × 91   1.0   4.0   3.3   3.0 9.24.3. Installation
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.24.3.1. Installation of Runners (1) Runners shall be provided at the tops and bottoms of walls. (2) Runners required in Sentence (1) shall be securely attached to the building at approximately 50 mm from the ends, and at intervals of not more than 610 mm o.c. for interior walls and 305 mm o.c. for exterior walls. (3) Fasteners used for attachment described in Sentence (2) shall consist of the equivalent of 63 mm nails or 25 mm screws. (4) Studs at openings and that are not full wall height shall be supported by a runner at the ends of the studs, securely fastened to the full length studs at the sides of the opening.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.24.3.2. Fire-Rated Walls (1) Steel studs used in walls required to have a fire-resistance rating shall be installed so that there is not less than a 12 mm clearance between the top of the stud and the top of the runner to allow for expansion in the event of fire. (2) Except as provided in Article 9.24.3.6., studs in walls referred to in Sentence (1) shall not be attached to the runners in a manner that will prevent such expansion. (3) Framing above doors with steel door frames in non-loadbearing
fire separations required to have a fire-resistance rating shall consist of two runners on the flat fastened back to back. (4) The lower runner required in Sentence (3) shall be cut through the flanges and be bent at each end to extend upwards at least 150 mm and fastened to the adjacent studs.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.24.3.3. Orientation of Studs (1) Steel studs shall be installed with webs at right angles to the wall face and, except at openings, shall be continuous for the full wall height.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.24.3.4. Support for Cladding Materials (1) Corners and intersections of walls shall be constructed to provide support for the cladding materials.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.24.3.5. Framing around Openings (1) Studs shall be doubled on each side of every opening where such openings involve more than one stud space, and shall be tripled where the openings in exterior walls exceed 2.4 m in width. (2) Studs described in Sentence (1) shall be fastened together by screws, crimping or welding to act as a single structural unit in resisting transverse loads.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.24.3.6. Attachment of Studs to Runners (1) Studs shall be attached to runners by screws, crimping or welding around wall openings, and elsewhere where necessary to keep the studs in alignment during construction. (2) Where clearance for expansion is required in Article 9.24.3.2., attachment required in Sentence (1) shall be applied between studs and bottom runners only.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.24.3.7. Openings for Fire Dampers (1) Openings for fire dampers in non-loadbearing
fire separations required to have a fire-resistance rating shall be framed with double studs on each side of the opening. (2) The sill and header for openings described in Sentence (1) shall consist of a runner track with right angle bends made on each end so as to extend 300 mm above the header or below the sill and fastened to the studs. (3) The openings described in Sentence (1) shall be lined with a layer of gypsum board at least 12.7 mm thick fastened to stud and runner webs. Section 9.25. Heat Transfer, Air Leakage and Condensation Control 9.25.1. General
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.1.1. Scope and Application (1) This Section applies to heat, air and water vapour transfer and measures to control condensation. (2) All walls, ceilings and floors separating conditioned space from unconditioned space, the exterior air or the ground shall be, (a) provided with, (i) thermal insulation conforming to Subsection 9.25.2., (ii) an air barrier system conforming to Subsection 9.25.3., and (iii) a vapour barrier conforming to Subsection 9.25.4., and (b) constructed in such a way that the properties and relative position of all materials conform to Subsection 9.25.5. (3) Insulation and sealing of heating and ventilating ducts shall conform to Sections 9.32. and 9.33. 9.25.2. Thermal Insulation
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.2.1. Required Insulation (1) All walls, ceilings and floors separating heated space from unheated space, the exterior air or the exterior soil
shall be provided with thermal insulation in conformance with Section 12.2. to prevent moisture condensation on their room side during the winter and to ensure comfortable conditions for the occupants.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.2.2. Insulation Materials (1) Except as required in Sentence (2), thermal insulation shall conform to the requirements of, (a) ASTM C726, “Mineral Wool Roof Insulation Board,” (b) CAN/CGSB-51.25-M, “Thermal Insulation, Phenolic, Faced”, (c) CGSB 51-GP-27M, “Thermal Insulation, Polystyrene, Loose Fill”, (d) CAN/ULC-S701.1, “Thermal Insulation, Polystyrene Boards”, (e) CAN/ULC-S702 “Mineral Fibre Thermal Insulation for Buildings”, (f) CAN/ULC-S703, “Cellulose Fibre Insulation for Buildings”, (g) CAN/ULC-S704, “Thermal Insulation, Polyurethane and Polyisocyanurate, Boards, Faced”, (h) CAN/ULC-S705.1, “Thermal Insulation - Spray Applied Rigid Polyurethane Foam, Medium Density - Material - Specification”, or (i) CAN/ULC-S706.1, “Wood Fibre Insulating Boards for Buildings”. (2) The
flame-spread rating requirements contained in the standards listed in Sentence (1) shall not apply. (3) Insulation in contact with the ground shall be inert to the action of soil and water and be such that its insulative properties are not significantly reduced by moisture. (4) Type 1 expanded polystyrene insulation as described in CAN/ULC-S701, “Thermal Insulation, Polystyrene, Boards and Pipe Covering”, shall not be used as roof insulation applied above the roofing membrane.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.2.3. Installation of Thermal Insulation (1) Insulation shall be installed so that there is a reasonably uniform insulating value over the entire face of the insulated area. (2) Insulation shall be applied to the full width and length of the space between furring or framing. (3) Except where the insulation provides the principal resistance to air leakage, thermal insulation shall be installed so that at least one face is in full and continuous contact with an element with low air permeance. (4) Insulation on the interior of foundation walls enclosing a crawl space shall be applied so that there is not less than a 50 mm clearance above the crawl space floor if the insulation is of a type that may be damaged by water. (5) Insulation around concrete slabs-on-ground shall be located so that heat from the building is not restricted from reaching the ground beneath the perimeter, where exterior walls are not supported by footings extending below frost level. (6) Where insulation is exposed to the weather and subject to mechanical damage, it shall be protected with not less than, (a) Reserved (b) 6 mm preservative-treated plywood, or (c) 12 mm cement parging on wire lath applied to the exposed face and edge. (7) Except as permitted in Sentence (8), insulation and vapour barrier shall be protected from mechanical damage by a covering such as gypsum board, plywood, particleboard, OSB, waferboard or hardboard. (8) In unfinished basements, the protection required in Sentence (7) need not be provided for mineral fibre insulation, provided it is covered with polyethylene vapour barrier of at least 0.15 mm in thickness. (9) Insulation in factory-built buildings shall be installed so that it will not become dislodged during transportation.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.2.4. Installation of Loose-Fill Insulation (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (6), loose-fill insulation shall be used on horizontal surfaces only. (2) Where loose-fill insulation is installed in an unconfined sloped space, such as an attic space over a sloped ceiling, the supporting slope shall not be more than, (a) 4.5 in 12 for mineral fibre or cellulose fibre insulation, and (b) 2.5 in 12 for other types of insulation. (3) Loose-fill insulation may be used in wood frame walls of existing buildings. (4) Where blown-in insulation is installed in above-ground or below-ground wood frame walls of new buildings, (a) the density of the installed insulation shall be sufficient to preclude settlement, (b) the insulation shall be installed behind a membrane that will permit visual inspection prior to installation of the interior finish, (c) the insulation shall be installed in a manner that will not interfere with the installation of the interior finish, and (d) no water shall be added to the insulation, unless it can be shown that the added water will not adversely affect other materials in the assembly. (5) Water repellent loose-fill insulation may be used between the outer and inner wythes of masonry cavity walls. (6) Where soffit venting is used, measures shall be taken, (a) to prevent loose-fill insulation from blocking the soffit vents and to maintain an open path for circulation of air from the vents into the attic or roof space, and (b) to minimize air flow into the loose-fill insulation near the soffit vents to maintain the thermal performance of the material.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.2.5. Installation of Spray-Applied Polyurethane (1) Spray-applied polyurethane insulation shall be installed in accordance with CAN/ULC-S705.2, “Thermal Insulation – Spray-Applied Rigid Polyurethane Foam, Medium Density – Application”. 9.25.3. Air Barrier Systems
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.3.1. Required Barrier to Air Leakage (1) Wall, ceiling and floor assemblies that separate conditioned spaces from unconditioned spaces or from the ground shall be constructed so as to include an air barrier system that will provide a continuous barrier to air leakage, (a) from the interior of the building into wall, floor, attic or roof spaces sufficient to prevent excessive moisture condensation in such spaces during the heating season, and (b) from the exterior inward sufficient to prevent moisture condensation on the room side during the heating season. (2) The continuity of the air barrier system shall extend throughout the basement.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.3.2. Air Barrier System Properties (1) Sheet and panel type materials intended to provide the principal resistance to air leakage shall have an air leakage characteristic not greater than 0.02 L/(s∙m2) measured at an air pressure differential of 75 Pa. (2) Where polyethylene sheet is used to provide the air-tightness in the air barrier system, it shall conform to CAN/CGSB-51.34-M, “Vapour Barrier, Polyethylene Sheet for Use in Building Construction”.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.3.4. Vapour Barriers Used as Air Barriers (1) A
vapour barrier used as an air barrier shall comply with the requirements of this Subsection. 9.25.4. Vapour Barriers
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.4.1. Required Barrier to Vapour Diffusion (1) Thermally insulated wall, ceiling and floor assemblies shall be constructed with a vapour barrier sufficient to prevent condensation in the wall spaces, floor spaces or attic or roof spaces.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.4.2. Vapour Barrier Materials (1) Vapour barriers shall have a permeance not greater than 60 ng/(Pa∙s∙m2), measured in accordance with ASTM E96 / E96M, “Water Vapor Transmission of Materials”, using the desiccant method (dry cup). (2) Where the intended use of the interior space will result in high moisture generation, the assembly shall be designed according to Part 5. (3) Where polyethylene is installed to serve as the vapour barrier, it shall conform to CAN/CGSB-51.34-M, “Vapour Barrier, Polyethylene Sheet for Use in Building Construction”. (4) Membrane-type
vapour barriers other than polyethylene shall conform to CAN/CGSB-51.33-M, “Vapour Barrier, Sheet, Excluding Polyethylene, for Use in Building Construction”. (5) Where a coating is applied to gypsum board to function as the vapour barrier, the permeance of the coating shall be determined in accordance with CAN/CGSB-1.501-M, “Method for Permeance of Coated Wallboard”. (6) Where insulation functions as the vapour barrier, it shall be sufficiently thick so as to meet the requirement of Sentence (1).
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.4.3. Installation of Vapour Barriers (1) Products installed to function as the vapour barrier shall protect the warm side of wall, ceiling and floor assemblies. (2) Where different products are used for the vapour barrier
and the insulation, the vapour barrier shall be installed sufficiently close to the warm side of the insulation to prevent condensation at design conditions. (3) Where the same product is used for the vapour barrier and the insulation, the product shall be installed sufficiently close to the warm side of the assembly to prevent condensation at design conditions. 9.25.5. Properties and Position of Materials in Building Envelope
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.5.1. General (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) to (4), sheet and panel-type materials incorporated into assemblies described in Article 9.25.1.1. shall conform to Article 9.25.5.2. where, (a) the material has, (i) an air leakage characteristic less than 0.1 L/(s∙m2) at 75 Pa, and (ii) a water vapour permeance less than 60 ng/(Pa∙s∙m2) when measured in accordance with ASTM E96 / E96M “Water Vapor Transmission of Materials”, using the desiccant method (dry cup), and (b) the intended use of the interior space where the materials are installed will not result in high moisture generation. (2) Where the intended use of the interior space will result in high moisture generation, the assembly shall be designed according to Part 5. (3) Wood-based sheathing materials not more than 12.5 mm thick and complying with Article 9.23.16.2. need not comply with Sentence (1). (4) Sheet and panel-type materials need not comply with Sentence (1) where, (a) the material has, (i) a water vapour permeance not less than 30 ng/(Pa•s•m2), and (ii) a thermal resistance not less than 0.7 (m2•K)/W, and (b) the heating degree-days of the building location, in degrees Celsius, are less than 6 000.
Notes to Table 9.24.2.1.:
9.25.5.2. Position of Low Permeance Materials (1) Sheet and panel-type materials described in Article 9.25.5.1. shall be installed, (a) on the warm face of the assembly, (b) at a location where the ratio between the total thermal resistance of all materials outboard of its innermost impermeable surface and the total thermal resistance of all materials inboard of that surface is not less than that required by Table 9.25.5.2., or (c) outboard of an air space that is vented to the outdoors. Table 9.25.5.2.   Ratio of Outboard to Inboard Thermal Resistance Forming Part of Sentence 9.25.5.2.(1) Item   Column 1 Heating Degree Days of Building Location(1), Celsius Degree-days   Column 2 Minimum Ratio, Total Thermal Resistance Outboard of Material’s Inner Surface to Total Thermal Resistance Inboard of Material’s Inner Surface 

  1.   Up to 4 999   0.20 

  2.   5 000 to 5 999   0.30 

  3.   6 000 to 6 999   0.35 

  4.   7 000 to 7 999   0.40
Notes to Table 9.25.5.2.:
9.26.1.1. Purpose of Roofing (1) In this Section, (a) “roof” means sloped or near-horizontal assemblies that protect the spaces beneath them and includes platforms that effectively serve as roofs with respect to the accumulation or drainage of precipitation, and (b) “roofing” means the primary covering for roofs.
Notes to Table 9.25.5.2.:
9.26.1.1A. Required Protection (1) Roofs shall be protected with roofing, including flashing, installed so as to, (a) effectively shed water, (b) prevent the ingress of water and moisture into building assemblies and occupied space, and (c) minimize the ingress of water due to ice damming into building assemblies. (2) Compliance with Sentence (1) shall be demonstrated by conforming to, (a) this Section, or (b) Part 5.
Notes to Table 9.25.5.2.:
9.26.1.2. Alternate Installation Methods (1) Methods described in CAN3-A123.51-M, “Asphalt Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:3 and Steeper”, or CAN3-A123.52-M, “Asphalt Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:6 to Less than 1:3”, are permitted to be used for asphalt shingle applications not described in this Section.
Notes to Table 9.25.5.2.:
9.26.1.3. Solar Collector Systems (1) A solar collector system is permitted to be installed above roofing materials conforming to Sentence 9.26.2.1.(1). 9.26.2. Roofing Materials
Notes to Table 9.25.5.2.:
9.26.2.1. Material Standards (1) Where materials used for the preparation of the substrate for roofing are covered in the scope of a standard listed in Table 9.26.2.1.A., they shall conform to that standard. Table 9.26.2.1.A.    Materials for Preparation of the Substrate for Roofing Forming Part of Sentence 9.26.2.1.(1) Item   Column 1 Type of Material    Column 2 Standards  

  1.   Sheathing Membranes    CAN/CGSB-51.32-M, “Sheathing, Membrane, Breather Type”  

  2.   Primers    CGSB 37-GP-9Ma, “Primer, Asphalt, Unfilled, for Asphalt Roofing, Dampproofing and Waterproofing” (2) Where roofing materials are covered in the scope of a standard listed in Table 9.26.2.1.B., they shall conform to that standard. Table 9.26.2.1.B.    Roofing Materials Forming Part of Sentence 9.26.2.1.(2) Item   Column 1 Type of Roof Covering    Column 2 Standards  

  1.   Built-up roofing (BUR)    ASTM D3019, “Lap Cement Used with Asphalt Roll Roofing, Non-Fibered, Asbestos-Fibered, and Non-Asbestos-Fibered” (1) ASTM D4479 / D 4479M, “Asphalt Roof Coatings - Asbestos-Free” CGSB 37-GP-56M, “Membrane, Modified, Bituminous, Prefabricated, and Reinforced for Roofing” CAN/CGSB-37.50-M, “Hot-Applied, Rubberized Asphalt for Roofing and Waterproofing” CAN/CSA-A123.2, “Asphalt-Coated Roofing Sheets” CSA A123.3, “Asphalt Saturated Organic Roofing Felt” CAN/CSA-A123.4, “Asphalt for Constructing Built-Up Roof Coverings and Waterproofing Systems” CSA A123.17, “Asphalt Glass Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing”  

  2.   Single-ply membranes    CAN/CGSB-37.54, “Polyvinyl Chloride Roofing and Waterproofing Membrane” CAN/CGSB-37.58-M, “Membrane, Elastomeric, Cold-Applied Liquid, for Non- Exposed Use in Roofing and Waterproofing” ASTM D4637 / D4637M, “EPDM Sheet Used In Single-Ply Roof Membrane” ASTM D4811, “Nonvulcanized (Uncured) Rubber Sheet Used as Roof Flashing” ASTM D6878 / D6878M, “Thermoplastic Polyolefin Based Sheet Roofing”  

  3.   Shingles, shakes, tiles, panels    CSA A123.1 / CSA A123.5, “Asphalt Shingles Made From Organic Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules / Asphalt Shingles Made From Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules” CAN/CSA-A220 Series, “Concrete Roof Tiles” CSA O118.1, “Western Red Cedar Shakes and Shingles” CSA O118.2, “Eastern White Cedar Shingles”  

  4.   Eave protection     CSA A123.22, “Self-Adhering Polymer Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Used as Steep Roofing Underlayment for Ice Dam Protection”  

  5.   Flashing    ASTM D4811 / D4811M, “Nonvulcanized (Uncured) Rubber Sheet Used as Roof Flashing”
Notes to Table 9.26.2.1.B.:
9.26.2.2. Installation of Materials (1) Materials listed in Tables 9.26.2.1.A. and 9.26.2.1.B. shall be installed in conformance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Notes to Table 9.26.2.1.B.:
9.26.2.3. Nails (1) Nails used for roofing shall be corrosion-resistant roofing or shingle nails conforming to, (a) ASTM F1667, “Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples”, or (b) CSA B111, “Wire Nails, Spikes and Staples”. (2) Nails shall have sufficient length to penetrate through or 12 mm into roof sheathing. (3) Nails used with asphalt roofing shall have a head diameter of not less than 9.5 mm and a shank thickness of not less than 2.95 mm. (4) Nails used with wood shingles or shakes shall have a head diameter of not less than 4.8 mm and a shank thickness of not less than 2.0 mm and shall be stainless steel, aluminum or hot-dipped galvanized.
Notes to Table 9.26.2.1.B.:
9.26.2.4. Staples (1) Staples used to apply asphalt or wood shingles shall be corrosion-resistant and shall be driven with the crown parallel to the eaves. (2) Staples used with asphalt shingles shall be not less than 19 mm long, 1.6 mm diam or thickness, with not less than a 25 mm crown, except that an 11 mm crown may be used as provided in Sentence 9.26.7.4.(2). (3) Staples used with wood shingles shall be not less than 29 mm long, 1.6 mm diam or thickness, with not less than a 9.5 mm crown and shall be stainless steel or aluminum. 9.26.3. Slope of Roof Surfaces
Notes to Table 9.26.2.1.B.:
9.26.3.1. Slope (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the slopes on which roof coverings may be applied shall conform to Table 9.26.3.1. Table 9.26.3.1.   Roofing Types and Slope Limits Forming Part of Sentence 9.26.3.1.(1) Item   Column 1 Type of Roofing   Column 2 Minimum Slope   Column 3 Maximum Slope 

  1.   Asphalt shingles - Low slope application   1 in 6   no limit 

  2.   Asphalt shingles - Normal application   1 in 3   no limit 

  3.   Built-up roofing - Asphalt base (without gravel)   1 in 25   1 in 2 

  4.   Built-up roofing - Asphalt base (gravelled)   1 in 50(1)   1 in 4 

  5.   Built-up roofing - Coal-tar base (gravelled)   1 in 50(1)   1 in 25 

  6.   Built-up roofing - Cold process   1 in 25   1 in 1.33 

  7.   Cedar shakes   1 in 3   no limit 

  8.   Clay tile   1 in 2   no limit 

  9.   Glass fibre reinforced polyester roofing panels   1 in 4   no limit 

  10.   Modified bituminous membranes    1 in 50   1 in 4 

  11.   Profiled metal roofing   1 in 4(2)   no limit 

  12.   Roll roofing - 480 mm wide selvage asphalt roofing   1 in 6   no limit 

  13.   Roll roofing - Cold application felt   1 in 50   1 in 1.33 

  14.   Roll roofing - Smooth and mineral surfaced   1 in 4   no limit 

  15.   Sheet metal shingles   1 in 4(2)   no limit 

  16.   Slate shingles   1 in 2   no limit 

  17.   Wood shingles   1 in 4   no limit
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.4.1. Required Flashing at Intersections (1) Except where the omission will not adversely affect adjacent supported or supporting elements, flashing shall be installed at junctions between roofs and, (a) walls that rise above the roof, and (b)  guards that are connected to the roof by other than pickets or posts. (2) Revoked: O. Reg. 88/19, s. 273.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.4.2. Materials (1) Sheet metal flashing shall consist of not less than, (a) 1.73 mm thick sheet lead, (b) 0.33 mm thick galvanized steel, (c) 0.33 mm thick copper, (d) 0.35 mm thick zinc, or (e) 0.48 mm thick aluminum.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.4.3. Valley Flashing (1) Where sloping surfaces of shingled roofs intersect to form a valley, the valley shall be flashed. (2) Valley flashing shall be installed over continuous sheathing. (3) Closed valleys shall not be used with rigid shingles on slopes of less than 1 in 1.2. (4) Closed valley flashing shall consist of sheet metal, self sealing composite membranes consisting of polyethylene and bituminous material or one layer of either Type S smooth surface roll roofing or Type M mineral surface roll roofing (mineral surface down) not less than 600 mm wide, and nails shall not penetrate the flashing within 75 mm of its edge or 124 mm of the bottom of the valley centreline. (5) Open valleys shall be flashed with, (a) at least one layer of sheet metal not less than 600 mm wide, or (b) no fewer than two layers of roll roofing. (6) The bottom layer of roofing required in Sentence (4) shall consist of not less than Type S smooth roll roofing or Type M mineral surface roll roofing (mineral surface down) not less than 457 mm wide, centred in the valley and fastened with nails spaced not more than 450 mm o.c. located 25 mm away from the edges. (7) The top layer of roofing required in Sentence (4) shall consist of not less than Type M mineral surface roll roofing (mineral surface up), 914 mm wide, centred in the valley, applied over a 100 mm wide strip of cement along each edge of the bottom layer, and fastened with a sufficient number of nails to hold it in place until the shingles are applied.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.4.4. Intersection of Shingle Roofs and Masonry (1) The intersection of shingle roofs and masonry walls or chimneys
shall be protected with flashing. (2) Counter flashing required in Sentence (1) shall be embedded not less than 25 mm in the masonry and shall extend not less than 150 mm down the masonry and lap the lower flashing not less than 100 mm. (3) Flashing along the slopes of a roof described in Sentence (1) shall be stepped so that there is not less than a 75 mm head lap in both the lower flashing and counter flashing. (4) Where the roof described in Sentence (1) slopes upwards from the masonry, the flashing shall extend up the roof slope to a point equal in height to the flashing on the masonry, but not less than 1.5 times the shingle exposure.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.4.5. Intersection of Shingle Roofs and Walls Other Than Masonry (1) The intersection of shingle roofs and walls clad with other than masonry shall be protected with flashing. (2) Flashing required in Sentence (1) shall be installed so that it extends up the wall not less than 75 mm behind the sheathing paper, and extends not less than 75 mm horizontally. (3) Along the slope of the roof, the flashing required in Sentence (1) shall be stepped with not less than a 75 mm head lap.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.4.6. Intersection of Built-Up Roofs and Masonry (1) The intersection of built-up roofs with masonry walls or chimneys
shall have a cant strip at the intersection and a roofing membrane shall be mopped over the cant strip and not less than 150 mm up the wall. (2) Counter flashing installed over the intersection referred to in Sentence (1) shall be embedded not less than 25 mm in the masonry, and shall be of sufficient length to extend down not less than 150 mm, lapping the membrane on the masonry not less than 100 mm.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.4.7. Intersection of Built-Up Roofs and Walls other than Masonry (1) The intersection of built-up roofs with walls clad with other than masonry shall have a cant strip at the intersection. (2) The roofing membrane shall be mopped over the cant strip referred to in Sentence (1). (3) Flashing plies shall extend not less than 150 mm up the wall referred to in Sentence (1) behind the sheathing paper.
Notes to Table 9.26.3.1.:
9.26.4.8. Chimney Saddles (1) Except as otherwise permitted in Sentence (5), chimney
saddles shall be installed where the upper side of a chimney
on a sloping roof is more than 750 mm wide. (2) Chimney saddles shall be covered with sheet metal or roofing material of weight and quality equivalent to the roofing. (3) Saddles shall be flashed where they intersect the roof. (4) The intersection of the saddle and the chimney shall be flashed and counterflashed as required in Article 9.26.4.4. (5) A
chimney saddle need not be installed if the intersection between the chimney and roof is protected by sheet metal flashing that extends up the chimney
to a height equal to at least one-sixth the width of the chimney, but not less than 150 mm, and up the roof slope to a point equal in height to the flashing on the chimney, but not less than 1.5 times the shingle exposure. (6) Flashing described in Sentence (5) at the chimney shall be counterflashed as required by Article 9.26.4.4. 9.26.5. Eave Protection for Shingles and Shakes