jswizzle3737/ontario_laws_and_regs huggingface dataset:
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.4.3. Interceptors (1) Except for suites of residential occupancy, where a fixture
discharges sewage that includes fats, oils or grease and is located in an area where food is cooked, processed or prepared, it shall discharge through a grease interceptor. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), oil interceptors
shall be provided as follows: (a) service stations, repair shops and garages or any establishment where motor vehicles are repaired, lubricated or maintained shall be provided with an oil interceptor, and (b) establishments which use oily or flammable liquids or have such wastes as a result of an industrial process shall be provided with an engineered oil interceptor. (3) Oil interceptors are not required for a drain in a hydraulic elevator pit, parking lot, car wash or a garage used exclusively as a motor vehicle parking area. (4) Where a fixture discharges sand, grit or similar materials, an interceptor designed for the purpose of intercepting such discharges shall be installed. (5) Every interceptor shall have sufficient capacity to perform the service for which it is provided. (6) An on site constructed interceptor shall be constructed to the requirements of a manufactured interceptor. (7) A grease interceptor shall be located as close as possible to the fixture or fixtures it serves. (8) The flow rate through a grease interceptor
shall not exceed its rated capacity and the flow rate shall be determined using the following:  where: Q is the flow rate to a grease
interceptor
in L/s. V is the volume of the fixture in L. DDT is the drain down time, 60 or 120 seconds. PD is any pump discharge in L/s. N is the number of fixtures to go through the interceptor. (9) All grease and oil interceptors shall have an internal flow control and, where the head will exceed five feet, a secondary flow control shall be required. (10) Floor drains that conform to Sentence 7.4.5.1.(3) are not required to be separately trapped and vented, and may be gang trapped when discharging through an oil interceptor.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.4.4. Neutralizing and Dilution Tanks (1) Where a fixture or equipment discharges corrosive or acid waste, it shall discharge into a neutralizing or diluting tank that is connected to the sanitary drainage system
through, (a) a trap, or (b)  indirect connection. (2) Each neutralizing or diluting tank shall have a method for neutralizing the liquid. 7.4.5. Traps
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.5.1. Traps for Sanitary Drainage Systems (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3) and Article 7.4.5.2., every fixture shall be protected by a separate trap. (2) One trap may protect, (a) all the trays or compartments of a two or three compartment sink, (b) a two or three compartment laundry tray, or (c) two similar type single compartment fixtures located in the same room. (3) One trap may serve a group of floor drains and hub drains, a group of shower drains, a group of washing machines or a group of laboratory sinks if the fixtures, (a) are in the same room, and (b) are not located where they can receive food or other organic matter. (4) Reserved (5) A grease interceptor shall not serve as a fixture trap and each
fixture discharging through the interceptor shall be trapped and vented. (6) Where a domestic dishwashing machine equipped with a drainage pump discharges through a direct connection into the fixture outlet pipe of an adjacent kitchen sink or disposal unit, the pump discharge line shall, (a) rise as high as possible to just under the counter, and (b) connect, (i) on the inlet side of the sink trap by means of a Y fitting, or (ii) to the disposal unit.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.5.2. Traps for Storm Drainage Systems (1) Where a storm drainage system is connected to a public combined sewer, a trap shall be installed between any opening in the system and the drain or sewer, except that no trap is required if the opening is the upper end of a leader that terminates, (a) at a roof that is used only for weather protection, (b) not less than 1 000 mm above or not less than 3.5 m in any other direction from any air inlet, openable window or door, and (c) not less than 1 800 mm from a property line.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.5.3. Connection of Subsoil Drainage Pipe to a Sanitary Drainage System (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), no foundation drain or subsoil drainage pipe shall connect to a sanitary drainage system. (2) Where a storm drainage system is not available or soil conditions prevent drainage to a culvert or dry well, a foundation drain or subsoil drainage pipe may connect to a sanitary drainage system. (3) Where a subsoil drainage pipe may be connected to a sanitary drainage system, the connection shall be made on the upstream side of a trap
with a cleanout or a trapped sump.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.5.4. Location and Cleanout for Building Traps (1) Where a building trap
is installed, it shall, (a) be provided with a cleanout fitting on the upstream side of and directly over the trap, (b) be located upstream of the building cleanout, and (c) be located, (i) inside the building as close as practical to the place where the building drain leaves the building, or (ii) outside the building in a manhole.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.5.5. Trap Seals (1) Provision shall be made for maintaining the trap
seal of a floor drain or a hub drain by the use of a trap seal primer, by using the drain as a receptacle for an indirectly connected drinking fountain, or by equally effective means. (2) Where a mechanical device is installed to furnish water to a trap, the pipe or tube conveying water from the device to the trap shall be at least ⅜ in. inside diameter. 7.4.6. Arrangement of Drainage Piping
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.6.1. Separate Systems (1) No vertical soil or waste pipe shall conduct both sanitary sewage and storm sewage. (2) There shall be no unused open ends in a drainage system and dead ends shall be so graded that water will not collect in them.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.6.2. Location of Soil or Waste Pipes (1) A soil or waste pipe shall not be located directly above, (a) non-pressure potable
water storage tanks, (b) manholes in pressure potable water storage tanks, or (c) food-handling or processing equipment.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.6.3. Sumps or Tanks (1) Only piping that is too low to drain into a building sewer by gravity shall be drained to a sump or receiving tank. (2) Where the sump or tank receives sanitary sewage
it shall be water and air-tight and shall be vented. (3) Equipment such as a pump or ejector that can lift the contents of the sump or tank and discharge it into the sanitary building drain or sanitary building sewer
shall be installed. (4) Where the equipment does not operate automatically, the capacity of the sump shall be sufficient to hold at least a 24 hours accumulation of liquid. (5) Where there is a building trap, the discharge pipe from the equipment shall be connected to the sanitary building drain downstream of the trap. (6) The discharge pipe from every pumped sanitary sewage sump shall be equipped with a union, a check valve and a shut-off valve installed in that sequence in the direction of discharge. (7) The discharge piping from a pump or ejector shall be sized for optimum flow velocities at pump design conditions. (8) The discharge pipe from every pumped storm sewage sump shall be equipped with, (a) a union and a check valve installed in that sequence in the direction of discharge and pumped to above grade level, or (b) a union, a check valve and a shut-off valve installed in that sequence in the direction of discharge.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.6.4. Protection from Backflow (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (2), a backwater valve that would prevent free circulation of air shall not be installed in a building drain or in a building sewer. (2) A backwater valve may be installed in a building drain provided that, (a) it is a “normally open” design conforming to, (i) CAN/CSA-B70, “Cast Iron Soil Pipe, Fittings, and Means of Joining”, (ii) CAN/CSA-B181.1, “Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Pipe Fittings”, (iii) CAN/CSA-B181.2, “Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and Chlorinated Polyvinylchloride (CPVC) Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Pipe Fittings”, or (iv) CAN/CSA-B182.1, “Plastic Drain and Sewer Pipe and Pipe Fittings”, and (b) it does not serve more than one dwelling unit. (3) Except as provided in Sentences (4) and (5), where a building drain or a branch
may be subject to backflow, (a) a backwater valve shall be installed on every fixture drain
connected to it when the fixture is located below the level of the adjoining street, or (b) a backwater valve shall be installed to protect fixtures
which are below the upstream sanitary manhole cover when a residential building is served by a public sanitary sewer. (4) Where more than one fixture is located on a storey and all are connected to the same branch, the backwater valve
may be installed on the branch. (5) A subsoil drainage pipe that drains into a sanitary drainage system that is subject to surcharge shall be connected in such a manner that sewage
cannot back up into the subsoil drainage pipe.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.6.5. Mobile Home Sewer Service (1) A building sewer intended to serve a mobile home shall, (a) be not less than 4 in. in size, (b) be terminated above ground, (c) be provided with, (i) a tamperproof terminal connection that is capable of being repeatedly connected, disconnected and sealed, (ii) a protective concrete pad, and (iii) a means to protect it from frost heave, and (d) be designed and constructed in accordance with good engineering practice.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.6.6. Building Drain Ends (1) Where a building drain enters a building above the elevation of the bottom of the wall of a building, the building drain
may be deemed to terminate at the first point that the drainage pipe changes direction from the horizontal to the vertical. 7.4.7. Cleanouts
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.7.1. Cleanouts for Drainage Systems (1) Every sanitary drainage system and storm drainage system shall be provided with cleanouts that will permit cleaning of the entire system. (2) A cleanout fitting shall be provided on the upstream side and directly over every running trap. (3) Every interior leader shall be provided with a cleanout fitting at the bottom of the leader or not more than 1 000 mm upstream from the bottom of the leader. (4) Where a cleanout is required on a building sewer 8 in. or larger in size, it shall be a manhole. (5) Where there is a change of direction greater than 45° in a sanitary building drain or a sanitary building sewer, a cleanout shall be installed at each change in direction. (6) Every sanitary building drain or storm building drain shall be provided with a cleanout fitting that is located as close as practical to the place where the drain leaves the building. (7) Every soil or waste stack shall be provided with a cleanout
fitting, (a) at the bottom of the stack, (b) not more than 1 000 mm upstream of the bottom of the stack, or (c) on a Y fitting connecting the stack to the building drain or branch. (8) A cleanout shall be provided to permit the cleaning of the piping immediately downstream of an interceptor. (9) Every indirect drainage pipe carrying waste from a food receptacle shall have a cleanout access at every change of direction of more than 45°. (10) A cleanout shall be installed on a trap arm serving a kitchen sink as close as practical to the trap outlet and shall be readily accessible.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.7.2. Size and Spacing of Cleanouts (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), on drainage piping of 4 in. size and smaller, the minimum size cleanout opening shall be the same size as the drainage pipe and on drainage piping larger than the 4 in. size, the cleanout
opening shall be 4 in. or larger and the maximum spacing between cleanouts on horizontal pipe shall be, (a) in the case of a sink waste pipe, 6 m, (b) in the case of a horizontal sanitary drainage pipe, or storm drainage pipe, other than a waste pipe from a sink, 15 m, and (c) in the case of a horizontal sanitary drainage pipe or storm drainage pipe larger than 4 in. size, 30 m. (2) The spacing between manholes serving a building sewer, (a) 24 in. or less in size shall not exceed 90 m, and (b) over 24 in. in size shall not exceed 150 m. (3) The developed length of a building sewer between the building
and the first manhole to which the building sewer
connects shall not exceed 30 m. (4) Cleanouts that allow rodding in one direction only shall be installed to permit rodding in the direction of flow. (5) Manholes shall be located at all junctions and all changes in grade,
size or alignment (except for curvilinear alignment) on a sanitary building sewer that is 8 in. or larger in size. (6) Manholes shall be located at changes of grade, size
or alignment (except for curvilinear alignment) on a storm building sewer or exterior storm drainage pipe
that is 8 in. or larger in size.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.7.3. Manholes (1) A manhole including the cover shall be designed to support all loads imposed upon it. (2) A manhole shall be provided with, (a) a cover which shall provide an airtight seal if located within a building, (b) a rigid ladder of a corrosion-resistant material where the depth exceeds 1 000 mm, and (c) a vent to the exterior if the manhole is located within a building. (3) A manhole shall have a minimum horizontal dimension of 1 200 mm, except that the top 1 500 mm may be tapered from 1 200 mm down to a minimum of 600 mm at the top. (4) A manhole in a sanitary drainage system
shall be channelled to direct the flow of effluent.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.7.4. Location of Cleanouts (1) Cleanouts and access covers shall be located so that the openings are readily accessible for drain cleaning purposes. (2) A cleanout shall not be located in a floor assembly in a manner that may constitute a hazard and shall not be used as a floor drain. (3) Reserved (4) Each change of direction of the piping between a cleanout fitting and the drainage piping or vent piping that it serves shall be accomplished by using 45° bends. (5) A cleanout shall be provided to serve vertical drainage piping from a wall hung urinal and shall extend above the flood level rim of the fixture. (6) A cleanout serving a fixture in health care facilities, mortuaries, laboratories and similar occupancies, where contamination by body fluids is likely, shall be located a minimum of 150 mm above the flood level rim of the fixture. 7.4.8. Minimum Slope and Length of Drainage Pipes
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.8.1. Minimum Slope (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), every drainage pipe that has a size of 3 in. or less shall have a downward slope in the direction of flow of at least 1 in 50. (2) Sentence (1) does not apply to a force main. (3) Where it is not possible to comply with Sentence (1), a lesser slope may be used if it will produce a gravity flow of not less than 0.6 m per second.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.8.2. Length of Fixture Outlet Pipes (1) Except for fixture outlet pipes installed in conformance with Sentence 7.4.5.1.(3), the developed length of every fixture outlet pipe shall not exceed 1 200 mm. 7.4.9. Size of Drainage Pipes
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.9.1. No Reduction in Size (1) Except as permitted in Sentence (3), no drainage pipe that is of minimum size required by this Part for the purpose for which it is installed shall be so connected as to drain to other drainage pipe of lesser size. (2) Where a building drain connects to a stack through a wall or floor, the drain shall retain its full size through the wall or floor. (3) A sanitary drainage pipe may be connected to a pre-engineered waste water heat recovery system that incorporates piping of a lesser size than required by Sentence (1) provided that it does not convey sewage, (a) from a sanitary unit, or (b) that contains solids.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.9.2. Serving Water Closets (1) The size of every drainage pipe that serves a water closet shall be at least 3 in. (2) The size of every horizontal drainage pipe downstream of the third water closet fixture drain
connection shall be at least 4 in. (3) The size of every soil
stack that serves more than six water closets shall be at least 4 in. (4) The size of the discharge pipe serving a macerating toilet system shall be at least ¾ in. (5) No vertical leg of the drainage pipe from a water closet or other fixture that has an integral siphonic flushing action shall exceed 1 000 mm.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.9.4. Minimum Size of Building Drains and Sewers (1) Every sanitary building drain and every sanitary building sewer shall be at least 4 in. in size. (2) Every storm building drain and every storm building sewer shall be at least 4 in. in size. 7.4.10. Hydraulic Loads
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.10.1. Total Load on a Pipe (1) The hydraulic load on a pipe is the total load from, (a) every fixture
that is connected to the system upstream of the pipe, (b) every fixture
for which provision is made for future connection upstream of the pipe, and (c) all roofs and paved surfaces that drain into the system upstream of the pipe.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.10.2. Hydraulic Loads for Fixtures (1) The hydraulic load from a fixture that is listed in Table 7.4.9.3. is the number of fixture units
set forth in the Table. (2) Except as provided in Sentence (1), the hydraulic load from a fixture that is not listed in Table 7.4.9.3. is the number of fixture units set forth in Table 7.4.10.2. for the trap of the size
that serves the fixture. Table 7.4.10.2.   Permitted Hydraulic Load from a Fixture Based on Size of Trap Forming Part of Sentence 7.4.10.2.(2) Item   Column 1 Size of Trap, in.   Column 2 Hydraulic Load, fixture units 

  1.   1 ¼   1 

  2.   1 ½   2 

  3.   2   3 

  4.   2 ½   4 

  5.   3   5 

  6.   4   6
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.10.3. Hydraulic Loads from Fixtures with Continuous or Semi-continuous Flow (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the hydraulic load from a fixture that produces a continuous flow, such as a pump or an air-conditioning fixture, is 31.7 fixture units for each litre per second of flow. (2) Where a fixture or equipment that produces a continuous or semi-continuous flow drains to a storm drainage system, the hydraulic load from the fixture
is 900 litres for each litre per second of flow. (3) The hydraulic load from a fixture or equipment that produces a semi-continuous flow shall conform to Table 7.4.10.3. Table 7.4.10.3.   Maximum Permitted Hydraulic Load from Fixtures with Semi-continuous Flows Forming Part of Sentence 7.4.10.3.(3) Item   Column 1   Column 2   Column 3 

      Maximum Permitted Flows by Trap Size         

      Trap Size, in.   Flow, L/s   Hydraulic Load, fixture units 

  1.   1 ½   0.00 - 0.090   3 

  2.   2   0.091 - 0.190   6 

  3.   3   0.191 - 0.850   27 

  4.   4   0.851 - 5.700   180
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.10.4. Hydraulic Loads from Roofs or Paved Surfaces (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the hydraulic load in litres from a roof or paved surface is the maximum 15 min rainfall determined in conformance with MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-1, “Climatic and Seismic Data”, multiplied by the sum of, (a) the area in square metres of the horizontal projection of the surface drained, and (b) one-half the area in square metres of the largest adjoining vertical surface. (2) Flow control roof drains may be installed provided, (a) the maximum drain down time does not exceed 24 h, (b) the roof structure is designed to carry the load of the stored water, (c) one or more scuppers are installed not more than 30 m apart along the perimeter of the building so that, (i) the scuppers are designed to handle at least 200% of the 15-minute rainfall intensity, and (ii) the maximum depth of controlled water is limited to 150 mm, (d) they are located not more than 15 m from the edge of the roof and not more than 30 m from adjacent drains, and (e) there is at least one drain for each 900 m2. (3) Where the height of the parapet is more than 150 mm or exceeds the height of the adjacent wall flashing, (a) emergency roof overflows or scuppers described in Clause (2) (c) shall be provided, and (b) there shall be a minimum of two roof drains.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.10.5. Conversion of Fixture Units to Litres and Gal/min (1) Except as provided in Sentence 7.4.10.3.(2), where the hydraulic load is to be expressed in litres, fixture units
shall be converted as follows: (a) when the number of fixture units is 260 or fewer, the load is 2 360 L, and (b) when the number of fixture units exceeds 260, the load is 9.1 L for each fixture unit. (2) Where the hydraulic load is to be expressed in gal/min, fixture units shall be converted in accordance with Table 7.4.10.5. Table 7.4.10.5.   Maximum Probable Drainage Rate, gal/min Forming Part of Sentence 7.4.10.5.(2) Item   Column 1   Column 2   Column 3   Column 4 

      Fixture Units in Service   Fixture Units   Fixture Units    Fixture Units 

          Col. 1   Col. 1 × 10   Col. 1 × 100 

  1.   100   53   174   900 

  2.   90   51   164   835 

  3.   80   49   153   750 

  4.   70   47   140   680 

  5.   60   44   128   600 

  6.   50   41   115   520 

  7.   40   38   102   435 

  8.   30   33   88   350 

  9.   20   27   72   262 

  10.   10   21   53   174
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.10.6. Hydraulic Loads to Soil or Waste Pipes (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), the hydraulic load that is drained to every soil or waste stack shall conform to Table 7.4.10.6. Table 7.4.10.6.   Maximum Permitted Hydraulic Load Drained to Soil or Waste Stack Forming Part of Sentence 7.4.10.6.(1) Item   Column 1 Pipe Size, in.   Column 2 Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units   Column 3 Maximum Fixture Units Drained from any one Storey 

  1.   1 ¼   2   2 

  2.   1 ½   8   5 

  3.   2   24   10 

  4.   3   102   18 

  5.   4   540   100 

  6.   5   1 400   250 

  7.   6   2 900   500 

  8.   8   7 600   830 

  9.   10   15 000   2 700 

  10.   12   26 000   4 680 

  11.   15   50 000   9 000 (2) Where the nominally horizontal offset in a soil or waste stack
is 1 500 mm or more, the hydraulic load that is served by it shall conform to Table 7.4.10.8. (3) Vertical sanitary drainage pipe shall be designed to carry no more than 29% of its full capacity.
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.10.7. Hydraulic Loads on Branches (1) No horizontal sanitary drainage pipe of less than 3 in. size shall have a fixture loading in excess of that permitted by Table 7.4.10.7. Table 7.4.10.7.   Maximum Permitted Hydraulic Load Drained to a Branch Forming Part of Sentence 7.4.10.7.(1) Item   Column 1 Size of Branch, in.   Column 2 Maximum Load, fixture units 

  1.   1 ¼   2 

  2.   1 ½   4 

  3.   2   6
Notes to Table 7.2.7.4.:
7.4.10.8. Hydraulic Loads on Sanitary Horizontal Drain (1) Except as permitted by Article 7.4.10.7., the hydraulic load that is drained to a horizontal sanitary drainage pipe
shall conform to Table 7.4.10.8., based on the size
and slope. (2) Horizontal sanitary drainage pipe shall be designed to carry no more than 65% of its full capacity. Table 7.4.10.8.   Maximum Permitted Hydraulic Load Drained to a Horizontal Sanitary Drainage Pipe Forming Part of Sentences 7.4.10.6.(2) and 7.4.10.8.(1) Item   Column 1   Column 2   Column 3   Column 4   Column 5   Column 6   Column 7 

      Drain Size, Nominal in.   Maximum Hydraulic Load, fixture units             

          Slope(1)                     

          1 in 400   1 in 200   1 in 133   1 in 100   1 in 50   1 in 25 

  1.   3   ---   ---   ---   ---   27   36 

  2.   4   ---   ---   ---   180   240   300 

  3.   5   ---   ---   380   390   480   670 

  4.   6   ---   ---   600   700   840   1300 

  5.   8   ---   1400   1500   1600   2250   3370 

  6.   10   ---   2500   2700   3000   4500   6500 

  7.   12   2240   3900   4500   5400   8300   13000 

  8.   15   4800   7000   9300   10400   16300   22500
Notes to Table 7.4.10.8.:
7.4.10.9. Hydraulic Loads on Horizontal Storm Drains (1) The hydraulic load that is drained to a horizontal storm drainage pipe shall conform to Table 7.4.10.9., based on the size and slope. Table 7.4.10.9.   Maximum Permitted Hydraulic Load Drained to a Horizontal Storm Drainage Pipe Forming Part of Sentences 7.4.10.9.(1) and 7.4.10.10.(2) Item   Column 1   Column 2   Column 3   Column 4   Column 5   Column 6   Column 7   Column 8 

      Size of Drain or Sewer, in.   Maximum Hydraulic Load, L                 

          Slope(1)                         

          1 in 400   1 in 200   1 in 133   1 in 100   1 in 68   1 in 50   1 in 25 

  1.   3   ------   ------   ------   ------   ------   2 770   3 910 

  2.   4   ------   ------   ------   4 220   5 160   5 970   8 430 

  3.   5   ------   ------   6 760   7 650   9 350   10 800   15 300 

  4.   6   ------   ------   10 700   12 400   15 200   17 600   24 900 

  5.   8   ------   18 900   23 200   26 700   32 800   37 800   53 600 

  6.   10   ------   34 300   41 900   48 500   59 400   68 600   97 000 

  7.   12   37 400   55 900   68 300   78 700   96 500   112 000   158 000 

  8.   15   71 400   101 000   124 000   143 000   175 000   202 000   287 000
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.4.10.10. Rain Leaders (1) No change in the size of a rain leader with a nominally horizontal offset is required if the offset, (a) is located immediately under the roof, (b) is not more than 6 m long, and (c) has a slope not less than 1 in 50. (2) If the horizontal offset is more than 6 m long, the rain leader shall conform to Table 7.4.10.9. (3) The hydraulic load that is drained to a rain leader
shall conform to Table 7.4.10.10. Table 7.4.10.10.   Maximum Permitted Hydraulic Load Drained to a Circular Rain Leader Forming Part of Sentence 7.4.10.10.(3) Item   Column 1 Size, in.   Column 2 Maximum Hydraulic Load, L 

  1.   2   1 700 

  2.   2 ½   3 070 

  3.   3   5 000 

  4.   4   10 800 

  5.   5   19 500 

  6.   6   31 800 

  7.   8   68 300 Section 7.5. Venting Systems 7.5.1. Vent Pipes for Traps
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.1.1. Venting for Traps (1) Except as provided in Sentences (3) and (4), every trap shall be protected by a vent pipe. (2) Drainage systems
shall be protected by the installation of a system as provided in Subsections 7.5.4. and 7.5.5. by the installation of, (a)  additional circuit vents, (b)  branch vents, (c)  circuit vents, (d)  continuous vents, (e)  dual vents, (f)  fresh air inlets, (g)  headers, (h)  individual vents, (i)  offset relief vents, (j)  relief vents, (k)  stack vents, (l)  vent stacks, (m)  wet vents, or (n)  yoke vents. (3) A trap that serves a floor drain or hub drain need not be protected by a vent pipe separately where, (a) the size
of the trap is not less than 3 in., (b) the length of the fixture drain is not less than 450 mm, (c) the fall on the fixture drain does not exceed its size, and (d) the trap
is connected to a horizontal drainage pipe that terminates at its upstream end in a 3 in. stack. (4) A trap need not be protected by a vent pipe, (a) where it serves, (i) a subsoil drainage pipe, or (ii) a storm drainage system, or (b) where it forms part of an indirect
drainage system. 7.5.2. Wet Venting
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.2.1. Wet Venting (1) A soil or waste pipe may serve as a wet vent provided that, (a) the hydraulic load is in accordance with Table 7.5.8.1., (b) the number of wet vented water closets does not exceed two, (c) when two water closets are installed, they are connected at the same level to a vertical part of the stack by means of a double fitting in accordance with Table 7.2.4.5., (d) the water closets are installed downstream of all other fixtures, (e)  trap arms
and fixture drains connected to the wet vent do not exceed 2 in. in size, except for connections from floor drains in accordance with Clauses 7.5.1.1.(3)(a) to (c), (f) the total hydraulic load on the wet vent does not exceed the limits stated in Table 7.5.8.1. when separately vented branches or fixture drains in the same storey, having a total hydraulic load not greater than two fixture units, are connected to a wet vent or a wet vented water closet trap arm, (g) the hydraulic load of separately vented fixtures that drain into the wet vent is not included when sizing the continuous vent that serves the wet vent, (h) where a wet vent extends through more than 1 storey, the total discharge from any 1 storey above the first storey does not exceed four fixture units, (i) where a wet vent extends through more than 1 storey, there is not more than one nominally horizontal offset in the wet vent, and, (i) the offset does not exceed 1 200 mm for pipes 2 in. or less in size, or (ii) the offset does not exceed 2 500 mm for pipes larger than 2 in. in size, (j) the wet vented portion is not reduced in size except for the portion that is upstream of floor drains in accordance with Clauses 7.5.1.1.(3)(a) to (c), (k) the highest fixture
is connected to a vertical portion of the wet vent, upstream of any other fixtures, in the form of a continuous vent, and (l) the length of the wet vent is not limited. 7.5.3. Circuit Venting
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.3.1. Circuit Venting (1) A section of a horizontal branch may be circuit vented provided, (a) a circuit vent is connected to it, (b) all fixtures
served by the circuit vent are located in the same storey and located at the most distant upstream section of the horizontal branch, and (c) no soil
or waste stack is connected to it upstream of a circuit vented fixture. (2) Fixtures with fixture outlet pipes less than 2 in. in size shall be separately vented or separately circuit vented. (3) Except as provided in Sentences (4) and (5), a relief vent shall be connected to the branch that forms part of a circuit vented system, downstream of the connection of the most downstream circuit vented fixture. (4) A soil or waste pipe having a hydraulic load not greater than six fixture units may act as a relief vent for a branch that is being circuit vented. (5) A symmetrically connected relief vent may serve as a combined relief vent for a maximum of two branches that are circuit vented, provided there are not more than eight circuit vented fixtures connected between the combined relief vent and each circuit vent. (6) Additional circuit vents shall be required, (a) when each cumulative horizontal change in direction of a branch served by a circuit vent exceeds 45° between vent pipe connections, or (b) where more than eight circuit vented fixtures are connected to a branch between vent pipe
connections. (7) A soil or waste pipe may serve as an additional circuit vent in accordance with Sentence (6) provided that the soil
or waste pipe is sized as a wet vent in conformance with Article 7.5.8.1. and is not less than 2 in. in size. (8) Connections to circuit vents and additional circuit vents in accordance with Sentence (6) shall conform to Sentence 7.5.4.5.(1). (9) A circuit vented branch, including the fixture drain downstream of the circuit vent connection, shall be sized in accordance with Articles 7.4.10.7. and 7.4.10.8., except that it shall be not less than, (a) 2 in., where traps
less than 2 in. in size are circuit vented, or (b) 3 in., where traps
2 in. in size or larger are circuit vented. (10) Additional circuit vents shall be sized in accordance with Table 7.5.7.1. and Sentence 7.5.7.3.(1). (11) The hydraulic load on a circuit vent shall include the hydraulic load from fixtures connected to the branch served by the circuit vent, but shall not include the hydraulic load from fixtures permitted by Sentences (3), (4) and (5). 7.5.4. Vent Pipes for Soil or Waste Stacks
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.4.1. Stack Vents (1) The upper end of every soil or waste stack shall terminate in a stack vent and the stack vent shall terminate in open air outside the building,
or connect directly or through a header to another stack vent or vent stack that does terminate in open air outside the building.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.4.2. Vent Stacks (1) Except as provided in Sentence (2), every soil
or waste stack draining fixtures
from more than 4 storeys shall have a vent stack. (2) A soil or waste stack that serves as a wet vent does not require a vent stack. (3) The vent stack required by Sentence (1) shall be connected to a vertical section of the soil
or waste stack at or immediately below the lowest soil or waste pipe connected to the soil or waste stack. (4) Fixtures may be connected to a vent stack provided, (a) the total hydraulic load of the connected fixtures does not exceed eight fixture units, (b) at least one fixture
is connected to a vertical portion of the vent stack and upstream of any other fixtures, (c) no other fixture
is connected downstream of a water closet, (d) all fixtures
are located in the lowest storey served by the vent stack, and (e) the section of the vent pipe that acts as a wet vent conforms to the requirements regarding wet vents.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.4.3. Yoke Vents (1) Except as provided in Sentence (4), where a soil
or waste stack receives the discharge from fixtures located on more than 11 storeys, a yoke vent shall be, (a) installed for each section of 5 storeys or part of them counted from the top down, (b) installed at or immediately above each offset or double offset, and (c) sized in accordance with Sentence 7.5.7.5.(1). (2) The yoke vent shall be connected to the soil or waste stack by means of a drainage fitting at or immediately below the lowest soil
or waste pipe from the lowest storey
of the sections described in Sentence (1). (3) The yoke vent shall connect to the vent stack at least 1 000 mm above the floor level of the lowest storey in the section described in Sentence (1). (4) A yoke vent need not be installed provided the soil or waste stack is interconnected with the vent stack
in each storey of the section in which fixtures are located by means of a vent pipe equal in size to the branch or fixture drain or 2 in. in size, whichever is smaller.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.4.4. Offset Relief Vents (1) A soil or waste stack that has a nominally horizontal offset more than 1 500 mm long and above which the upper vertical portion of the stack passes through more than 2 storeys and receives a hydraulic load of more than 100 fixture units shall be vented by an offset relief vent connected to the vertical section immediately above the offset, and by another offset relief vent, (a) connected to the lower vertical section at or above the highest soil or waste pipe connection, or (b) extended as a vertical continuation of the lower section.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.4.5. Fixtures Draining into Vent Pipes (1) The trap arm of a fixture
that has a hydraulic load of not more than 1 ½ fixture units may be connected to the vertical section of a circuit vent, additional circuit vent, offset relief vent or yoke vent, provided that, (a) not more than two fixtures are connected to the vent pipe, (b) where two fixtures
are connected to the vent pipe, the connection is by means of a double fitting, in accordance with Table 7.2.4.5., and (c) the section of the vent pipe that acts as a wet vent conforms to the requirements regarding wet vents. 7.5.5. Miscellaneous Vent Pipes
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.5.1. Venting of Sanitary Sewage Sumps (1) Every sump or tank that receives sanitary sewage shall be provided with a vent pipe
that is connected to the top of the sump or tank.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.5.2. Venting of Interceptors (1) Every oil interceptor shall be provided with 2 vent pipes that, (a) connect to the interceptor at opposite ends, (b) extend independently to open air, (c) terminate not less than 2 000 mm above ground and at elevations differing by at least 300 mm, and (d) do not connect to each other or any other vent pipe. (2) Adjacent compartments within every oil interceptor
shall be connected to each other by a vent opening. (3) Where a secondary receiver for oil is installed in conjunction with an oil interceptor, it shall be vented in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, and the vent pipe shall, (a) in no case be less than 1 ½ in. in
size, (b) extend independently to open air, and (c) terminate not less than 2 000 mm above ground. (4) The vent pipes referred to in Sentence (1) are permitted to be one size smaller than the largest connected drainage pipe but not less than 1 ¼ in. in size, or can be sized in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. (5) Every vent pipe that serves an oil or grease interceptor and is located outside a building shall be not less than 3 in. in size in areas where it may be subject to frost closure. (6) Every grease interceptor shall have a vent pipe that is not less than 1 ½ in. in size connected to the outlet pipe, that connects to the plumbing venting system. (7) A vent pipe shall be provided within 1 500 mm of the inlet to a grease interceptor
complete with a cleanout to provide cleaning of the
vent pipe. (8) Where an acid waste dilution tank is installed, it shall be provided with a vent pipe connected at the top of the tank and that is sized in accordance with Article 7.5.7.7.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.5.3. Venting of Corrosive Drain Piping and Dilution Tanks (1) Venting systems
for drain piping or dilution tanks conveying corrosive waste shall extend independently and terminate in open air.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.5.4. Fresh Air Inlets (1) Where a building trap
is installed, a fresh air inlet not less than 4 in. in size shall be connected upstream and within 1 200 mm of the building trap
and downstream of any other connection.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.5.5. Provision for Future Installations (1) Where provision is made for a fixture to be installed in the future, the drainage system and
venting system shall be sized accordingly and provision made for the necessary future connections. (2) Except as required in Sentence 7.5.7.7.(2), where a plumbing system
is installed in a building, every storey in which plumbing is or may be installed, including the basement of the building, shall have extended into it or passing through it a vent pipe that is at least 1 ½ in. in size for the provision of future connections. 7.5.6. Arrangement of Vent Pipes
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.6.1. Drainage of Vent Pipes (1) Every vent pipe shall be installed without depression in which moisture can collect. (2) Every waste pipe shall be installed and back vented at the same time.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.6.2. Vent Pipe Connections (1) Every vent pipe in a plumbing system shall be installed so as to be direct as possible to a vent stack or open air, as the case may be, and so that any horizontal run below the flood level of the fixture to which the vent pipe is installed is eliminated where structurally possible. (2) Except for wet vents, where a vent pipe is connected to a nominally horizontal soil or waste pipe, the connection shall be above the horizontal centre line of the soil or waste pipe. (3) Unused vent pipes installed for future connections shall be permanently capped with an end cleanout
or an adapter and plug.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.6.3. Location of Vent Pipes (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), a vent pipe that protects a fixture trap shall be located so that, (a) the developed length of the trap arm is not less than twice the size of the fixture drain, (b) the total fall of the trap arm is not greater than its inside diameter, and (c) the trap arm
does not have a cumulative change in direction of more than 135°. (2) The trap arm of water closets, S-trap standards or any other fixture
that also discharges vertically and depends on siphonic action for its proper functioning shall not have a cumulative change in direction of more than 225°. (3) A vent pipe that protects a water closet or any other fixture that also depends on siphonic action for its proper functioning shall be located so that the distance between the connections of the fixture drain to the fixture and the vent pipe shall not exceed, (a) 1 000 mm in the vertical plane, and (b) 3 m in the horizontal plane. (4) The maximum length and minimum slope of every trap arm shall conform to Table 7.5.6.3. Table 7.5.6.3.   Length of Trap Arm Forming Part of Sentence 7.5.6.3.(4) Item   Column 1 Size of Trap Served, in.   Column 2 Maximum Trap Arm, m   Column 3 Minimum Slope 

  1.   1 ¼   1.5   1 in 50 

  2.   1 ½   1.8   1 in 50 

  3.   2   2.4   1 in 50 

  4.   3   3.6   1 in 50 

  5.   4   4.9   1 in 50 

  6.   4   9.8   1 in 100 (5) The vent pipe from a water closet or any other fixture that has an integral siphonic flushing action may be connected to the vertical leg
of its drainage pipe.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.6.4. Connection of Vents above Fixtures Served (1) Except for a wet vent, every vent pipe shall extend above the flood level rim of every fixture that it serves before being connected to another vent pipe. (2) No vent pipe shall be connected in such a manner that a blockage in a soil or waste pipe would cause waste to drain through the vent pipe to the drainage system.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.6.5. Terminals (1) Except as provided in Sentence (3), the upper end of every vent pipe that is not terminated in open air shall be connected to a venting system
that terminates through a roof to open air. (2) The upper end of every vent pipe that is terminated in open air, other than a vent pipe that serves an oil interceptor
or a fresh air inlet, shall be extended above the roof. (3) Where a vent pipe is installed as a result of additions or alterations to a plumbing system in an existing building, the vent pipe may be erected outside the building, provided that, (a) no single change of direction of the vent pipe exceeds 45°, (b) all parts of the vent pipe are nominally vertical, (c) the vent pipe is increased to not less than 3 in. in size
before penetrating a wall or roof, and (d) where the building
is 4 storeys or less in height, the vent pipe terminates above the roof of the building. (4) Except for a fresh air inlet, where a vent pipe is terminated in open air, the terminal shall be located, (a) not less than 1 000 mm above or not less than 3.5 m in any other direction from every air inlet, openable window or door, (b) not less than 2 000 mm above or not less than 3.5 m in any other direction from a roof that supports an occupancy, and (c) not less than 2 000 mm above ground. (5) Where a vent pipe passes through a roof, it shall, (a) be terminated high enough to prevent the entry of roof drainage but not less than 150 mm above the roof or above the surface of storm water, which could pond on the roof, and (b) be equipped with flashing to prevent the entry of water between the vent pipe and the roof or the wall. (6) Where a vent pipe passes through a roof or an outside wall of a building, it shall be protected from frost closure by increasing its diameter at least one size, but not less than 3 in. in size, immediately before it penetrates the roof or the wall. (7) Where a vent pipe is located 2 000 mm or more above a roof, it shall be so constructed as to be stable and secure. (8) Flashing shall be of material specified in Article 7.2.10.14. and on a shingled roof shall have a minimum dimension of 500 mm by 500 mm. (9) Where a sleeve flashing is installed on a flat roof, it shall extend at least 150 mm above the flood level and on a sloped roof shall be at least 150 mm high on the short side. (10) No bore of a vent stack or stack vent shall be reduced or obstructed by the installation of a flashing. 7.5.7. Minimum Size of Vent Pipes
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.7.1. General (1) The size of every vent pipe shall conform to Table 7.5.7.1. Table 7.5.7.1.   Minimum Permitted Size of Vent Pipe Based on Size of Trap Forming Part of Sentence 7.5.7.1.(1) Item   Column 1 Size of Trap Served, in.   Column 2 Minimum Size of  Vent Pipe, in. 

  1.   1 ¼   1 ¼ 

  2.   1 ½   1 ¼ 

  3.   2   1 ½ 

  4.   3   1 ½ 

  5.   4   1 ½ 

  6.   5   2 

  7.   6   2
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.7.2. Size Restriction (1) The size of a branch vent, stack vent, vent stack or header shall be not less than the size of the vent pipe to which it is connected. (2) Every sanitary building drain shall terminate at its upstream end in a stack of at least 3 in. size. (3) A stack referred to in Sentence (2) shall be a soil stack if one is available and may be a vent stack
or waste stack that provides at least 3 in. stack vent and that goes to open air
above the roof, either directly or through a header.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.7.3. Additional Circuit Vents and Relief Vents (1) Except as provided in Article 7.5.7.1. and in Sentence 7.5.3.1.(7), the minimum size of an additional circuit vent or relief vent installed in conjunction with a circuit vent is permitted to be one size smaller than the required size of the circuit vent, but need not be larger than 2 in. (2) The size of the soil
or waste pipe acting as a relief vent in accordance with Sentence 7.5.3.1.(4) shall be in conformance with Table 7.4.10.6., 7.4.10.7. or 7.5.8.1. or Article 7.5.7.1., whichever size is the largest considering the hydraulic load drained into the soil or waste pipe.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.7.4. Offset Relief Vents (1) Except as provided in Article 7.5.7.1., the minimum size of an offset relief vent
is permitted to be one size smaller than the size of the stack vent.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.7.5. Yoke Vents (1) Yoke vents
required by Sentence 7.5.4.3.(1) are permitted to be one size
smaller than the size of the smallest pipe to which they are connected.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.7.6. Vent Pipes for Manholes (1) The minimum size of a vent pipe that serves a manhole within a building shall be 2 in.
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.7.7. Vents for Sanitary Sewage Sumps or Tanks, Dilution Tanks and Macerating Toilet Systems (1) Except as provided in Sentences (2) and (3), the minimum size of the vent pipe for a sanitary sewage sump or tank, or dilution tank shall be one size smaller than the size
of the largest branch or fixture drain draining to the sump or tank. (2) The size of every vent pipe for a sanitary sewage sump or tank, or dilution tank shall be not less than 2 in., but need not be greater than 4 in. (3) The size of every vent pipe for a macerating toilet system with a sump or tank shall be not less than 1 ½ in. 7.5.8. Sizing of Vent Pipes
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.8.1. Hydraulic Loads Draining to Wet Vents (1) The hydraulic load that drains to a wet vent shall conform to Table 7.5.8.1. (2) When determining the size of a wet vent, the hydraulic load from the most downstream fixture or symmetrically connected fixtures
shall not be included. Table 7.5.8.1.   Maximum Permitted Hydraulic Loads Drained to a Wet Vent Forming Part of Articles 7.5.2.1. and 7.5.8.1. Item   Column 1   Column 2   Column 3 

      Size of Wet Vent, in.   Maximum Hydraulic Load, Fixture Units 

          Not Serving Water Closets   Serving Not More Than Two Water Closets 

              Fixtures Other Than Water Closets 

  1.   1 ½   2   N/A 

  2.   2   4   3 

  3.   3   12   8 

  4.   4   36   14 

  5.   5   N/A   18 

  6.   6   N/A   23
Notes to Table 7.4.10.9.:
7.5.8.2. Individual Vents and Dual Vents (1) The size of individual vents and dual vents shall be determined using Table 7.5.7.1. according to the largest trap
served. (2) When sizing an individual vent or a dual vent, the length is not taken into consideration.