Heglig, or Panthou (also spelled Heglieg or Pandthow), is a small town at the border between the South Kordofan state of Sudan and the Unity State in South Sudan. The entirety of Heglig is claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, but administered by Sudan. The area was contested during the Sudanese Civil War. In mid-April 2012, South Sudan's Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) captured the Heglig oil field from Sudan.[1] Sudan took it back at the Second Battle of Heglig ten days later.[2] [...] In July 2009, the international organization, Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) redefined the boundaries of Abyei, a county that lies between South Sudan and Sudan. The decision placed the Heglig and Bamboo oilfields out of Abyei boundary but did not specify to be belong to the Sudan province of South Kordofan, nor to Upper Nile region, South Sudan and also the decision did not specify oil sharing. The government of Sudan claimed that area is belong to its country since it was ruled to be out of Abyei boundary by PCA and announced they would not share any oil revenue with the Government of South Sudan, emphasizing that the PCA established that Heglig was part of the north. The document of the PCA only indicated that the Heglig or Panthou area is not part of Abyei.


plazas de soberanía is a territory of Spain

The plazas de soberanía (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈplaθas ðe soβeɾaˈni.a], lit. "strongholds of sovereignty") is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492–1556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa.


Naf River is a transboundary river marking the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar. It is an elongated estuary in the extreme southeast of cox's bazar district dividing the district from Arakan (Myanmar). It rises in the Arakan hills on the southeastern borders of the district and falls into the bay of bengal. Its width varies from 1.61 km to 3.22 km. The Naf River's average depth is 128 feet (39 m) and maximum depth is 400 feet (120 m). Akyab in Myanmar is on the left bank and Teknaf upazila of Cox's Bazar district is on the right bank of the river.The river is influenced by tidal activity. Shrimp cultivation is extensively practiced on the floodplains of the river. [Sifatul Quader Chowdhury]


Naf River is a river that starts in Myanmar and flows into the Bay of Bengal. The lower part of the river marks the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar. It starts in the Arakan hills. Its width varies from 1.61 km to 3.22 km. The Naf River's average depth is 128 feet (39 m) and maximum depth is 400 feet (120 m).


Alluding to the original ownership of the island Noktundo to Korea, South Korean Media is drawn attention to the fact that in the area of the island Noktundo has lived Korean people for a long time. Thus, in the report of 1883 to King Gojong O Yoon Jung reported about Koreans living on the island of Noktundo, which respect the customs of Korea and did not recognize the Russian traditions. In the report is noted that island of Noktundo is a territory of Korea. Korean emissaries Kim Gwang Hoon and Sin Song Ok, the same year designed in the area of the island Noktundo to assess the current situation on the Russian-Korean border reported that, on the island lived 113 Korean families a total number of which is 822 people.


Noktundo is a former island (currently a peninsula) in the delta of the Tumen River on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia and North Korea. The area of the island was 32 square kilometres (12 sq mi). In the 15th century, Noktundo belonged to the Jurchen. In 1587 there was a battle fought on this island between the local Jurchen and the invading army from Yi Sun-sin, a general of Korea. The island was under Qing control until the 1860 Convention of Peking, the Qing Dynasty ceded the island to the Russian Empire. This became a matter of protest to the Koreans, who claimed that the Qing had no authority to do so. In 1990, the former Soviet Union and North Korea signed a border treaty which made the border run through the centre of the river leaving the territory of the former island on the Russian side. South Korea refused to acknowledge the treaty and demanded that Russia return the territory to Korea.


Pedra Branca is an island located at the eastern entrance to the Straits of Singapore from the South China Sea. The origin of the dispute between Malaysia and Singapore was Singapore’s protest of a map of Malaysia that designated Pedra Branca as Malay territory. After negotiations, both states signed a compromis in 2003. 56 Malaysia claimed the original title of the Sultan of Johor, its predecessor, while Singapore claimed that the construction and commission of the Horsburgh lighthouse constituted acquisition of possession à titre de souverain and the maintenance of title. Singapore added the alternative claim in oral argument that Pedra Branca was terra nullius until its acquisition of possession by the United Kingdom. 57 [...] Case Concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks, and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore ) ( Pedra Branca case), Judgment, 23 May 2008, ICJ Reports (2008) 12, paras 60–69. This article focuses on Pedra Branca. The argument for Pedra Branca can also be applied to the dispute over original title to Middle Rocks and South Ledge.


Pedra Branca is a territory of Singapore

The Pedra Branca dispute was a territorial dispute between Singapore and Malaysia over several islets at the eastern entrance to the Singapore Strait, namely Pedra Branca (previously called Pulau Batu Puteh and now Batu Puteh by Malaysia), Middle Rocks and South Ledge. The dispute began in 1979 and was largely resolved by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2008, which opined that Pedra Branca belonged to Singapore and Middle Rocks belonged to Malaysia. Sovereignty over South Ledge belongs to the state in the territorial waters of which it is located. [...] - Lim, Lydia (24 May 2008), "Pedra Branca belongs to Singapore: World court ends 28-year dispute, declaring main island is Singapore's; Malaysia gets Middle Rocks" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the National University of Singapore Newshub website), pp. 1–2, archived from the original on 29 June 2019, retrieved 5 October 2008.


Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia

Singapore Strait,its territory included all the islands within and adjacent to the Strait. At no time was it suggested that its territory was limited, for example, to islands within 3 nm of its mainland coast. None of these islands was considered to be terra ~zullius. [...] 73 See Care cotzcer-fling Sovereignty over Puln~~ Ligitari and P~llau Sipadan (I17do11esidMalaysia)D, ecisioll on Merits, 17December 2002,ICJ Reports 2002, para. 148.98. It follows that in the mid-nineteenth century Pulau Batu Puteh could certainly not be considered as term rzulli~tsand as susceptible to occupation. As the Court noted in its Advisory Opinion with respect to the WesterrzScrlznra,it is "a cardinal condition of a valid 'occupation' that the territory shouldbe terrcr~z~llius- a territory belonging to no-one - at the time of the act alleged to constitute the 'occupation'."74 The established links between the Johor rulers and Pulau Batu Puteh and the fact that Singapore Strait with its islands were the object of territorial regulation in the 1824 Anglo-Dutch Treaty and the 1824 Crawfurd Treaty, exclude the possibility that any of these well-known islands could have been considered as territory which "belonged to no-one in the sense that it was then open to acquisition through the legal process of 'o~cupation'."~~Pulau [...] (a) These and other islands in and around Singapore Strait were part of the Sultanate of Johor before 1824. This was unaffected by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, which concerned only islands and territory to the south of the Strait.


Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore

The Singapore Strait is a 113 km-long (70 mi), 19 km-wide (12 mi)[2] strait between the Strait of Malacca in the west and the South China Sea in the east. Singapore is on the north of the channel, and the Indonesian Riau Islands are on the south. The two countries share a maritime border along the strait. [...] Historical records [edit]The 9th century AD Muslim author Ya'qubi referred a Bahr Salahit or Sea of Salahit (from the Malay selat meaning strait), one of the Seven Seas to be traversed to reach China. Some have interpreted Sea of Salahit as referring to Singapore,[4] although others generally considered it the Malacca Strait, a point of contact between the Arabs and the Zābaj (likely Sumatra).[5] Among early Europeans travellers to South East Asia, the Strait of Singapore may refer to the whole or the southern portion of the Strait of Malacca as well as other stretches of water.[6] Historians also used the term in plural, "Singapore Straits", to refer to three or four different straits found in recorded in old texts and maps – the Old Strait of Singapore between Sentosa and Telok Blangah, the New Strait of Singapore southwest of Sentosa, the "Governor's Strait" or "Strait of John de Silva" which corresponds to Phillip Channel, and the Tebrau Strait.[7] Today the Singapore Strait refers to the main channel of waterway south of Singapore where the international border between Singapore and Indonesia is located.


Only the continental shelf boundary has been determined between the two countries for this segment of their maritime border. The border follows the equidistant line between the baselines of Indonesia and Malaysia and Point 20 is the equidistant point between Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam (see table below).[16] Point 20 is the western terminus of the Indonesia-Vietnam continental shelf boundary which the two countries agreed to in 2003 and the easternmost point of the area of overlapping claims between Malaysia and Vietnam. [...] Point 25 is also the eastern terminus of the Indonesia-Vietnam continental shelf boundary which was agreed to by the two countries in 2003, making it the common tripoint of Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. This is also the western terminus of the Malaysian continental shelf boundary in South China Sea as asserted in the country's 1979 territorial sea and continental shelf boundary map. The boundary is however not recognised by any other country.


Singapore,[e] officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south along with the Riau Islands in Indonesia, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor along with the State of Johor in Malaysia to the north. [...] Singapore consists of 63 islands, including the main island, Pulau Ujong.[289] There are two man-made connections to Johor, Malaysia: the Johor–Singapore Causeway in the north and the Tuas Second Link in the west. Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the largest of Singapore's smaller islands. The highest natural point is Bukit Timah Hill at 163.63 m (537 ft).[290] Under British rule, Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands were part of Singapore, and both were transferred to Australia in 1957.[291][292][293] Pedra Branca is the nation's easternmost point.[294] [...] - ^ "G20". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2017.


Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom

Today, it is continuing a dispute about a set of them in the middle of the Indian Ocean, known as the Chagos Archipelago. Formally the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), the archipelago was administered from Mauritius in the days of empire and was detached in the lead-up to Port Louis’ independence from London in 1968. The Chagos Archipelago contains Diego Garcia, now home to a strategically positioned US military base, whose existence was made possible by the forced deportation of those living there, the Chagossians. [...] This 2019 opinion states that the United Kingdom had no authority to sever the archipelago from Mauritius, and thus control over it should be ceded from London to Port Louis. Despite this ruling, however, the United Kingdom has been reluctant to act on its obligations as laid out by the ICJ. [...] Crucially, the current Jugnauth government has stated that "the end of UK administration has no implications for the US military base at Deigo Garcia, which Mauritius is committed to maintaining". It will allow Chagossians to return only to the other islands in the archipelago.


In the meeting, both sides agreed to speed up the finalisation of Vientiane’s Terms of Reference (ToR) in order to proceed with the delivery of a joint letter requesting the French government to supply maps and other related documents to settle a border dispute between the two countries. [...] Territorial disputes with Laos became a hot issue after Lao troops allegedly trespassed into the O’Alay and O’Tangav areas in Stung Treng province’s Siem Pang district, causing a standoff between the two countries. In September last year, both Hun Sen and Thongloun agreed to designate the O’Tangav area as a no man’s land and increase joint patrols of Cambodian and Lao troops there, following an August 2017 standoff.


Second, he added, the Lao side agreed to examine and settle four remaining points as requested in his letter to his Lao counterpart, and those four points have to be solved before that of O’ Tangav. Third, the border committees of both nations are commissioned to negotiate and settle the remaining issues on site, at O’ Tangav in Stung Treng province, the Cambodian premier pointed out. [...] Last month, Samdech Techo Hun Sen issued an ultimatum to Laos to withdraw its troops without condition from the Cambodian territory before Aug. 17, 2017 after he has got no reply from his Lao counterpart to his letter dated Aug. 2, 2017 on the troop withdrawal request. Then, he flied to Vientiane to talk about this issue. Finally, the Lao side agreed to pull back all its troops from the Cambodian territory.


Stung Treng Province is a territory of Laos

I have been interacting closely with ethnic Lao people living on both sides of the border since the early 1990s when I lived in Hang Khone Village along the border between Champasak Province and Stung Treng Provinces, and since then I have also travelled to many parts of the province doing academic and NGO research on multiple occasions, more than it is possible to remember. Therefore, this research is, in many ways, a product of many years of low-intensity research. Yet, in some villages, especially in more remote areas, it is still common to hear ethnic Lao elders claim that Stung Treng (including Ratanakiri Province) was once part of Laos. However, the vast majority of the ethnic Lao there, even those who continue to value their Lao heritage, seem reconciled to their place as Cambodian citizens, and few express any explicit desire for any part of northeastern Cambodia to be reattached to Laos, or to even gain ethnic-based autonomy within Cambodia. However, other views do exist, even if they are not openly expressed.


Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia

Stung Treng[2] (Khmer: ស្ទឹងត្រែង, UNGEGN: Stœ̆ng Trêng [stɨŋ traeŋ]; Lao: ຊຽງແຕງ, Xiang Taeng, pronounced [sía̯ŋ tɛ̀ːŋ]; lit. "River of Reeds") is a province of Cambodia in the northeast. It borders the provinces of Ratanakiri to the east, Mondulkiri and Kratié to the south and Kampong Thom and Preah Vihear to the west. Its northern boundary is Cambodia's international border with Laos. The Mekong River bisects the province. The province is mostly covered by forest, but logging and fishing put high pressure on the forest and fishery reserves.[3] [...] - ^ "Stung Treng (Cambodia)" (PDF). Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Retrieved 21 November 2016. - ^ "Stung Treng Province" (PDF). cambodiainvestment.gov.kh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2019.


Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia

Prasat Preah Vihear (ប្រាសាទ ព្រះវិហារ) is one of Cambodia’s revered temples located on the plateau of Dângrêk Mountains in Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia. Preah Vihear belongs to Cambodia, though some of the outter areas are still under Thailand’s control. The temple has beautiful views all around and has the most spectacular setting of all the temples built during the six-century-long Khmer Empire. [...] In 1954, Thailand troops invaded Preah Vihear and occupied the temple illegally. In 1959, Cambodia took the incident to the world court, The Hague International Court of Justice, and was ruled that Preah Vihear is in Cambodia territory. On June 15, 1962, the judgment delivered by The Hague Internaional Court of Justice, by 9 votes to 3 votes, ruled that the Preah Vihear Temple lay in Cambodia territory under the sovereignty of Cambodia. Thailand must withdraw its forces from the temple and from Cambodia territory. And by 7 votes to 5 votes, The Hague International Court of Justice ruled that Thailand must restore any sculptures, stelae (carved stone/pillar), fragments of monuments, sandstone models and ancient pottery of the temple.


Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Thailand

Khao Phra Wihan National Park Khao Phra Wihan National Park #115 among destinations in Thailand [...] Khao Phra Wihan National Park is a protected natural area in Sisaket Province, Thailand, that contains numerous ruins of the 11th century Khmer Empire. The park lies 98 km south of the town of Sisaket, at the end of Thai highway 221. Sited on a red stone cliff that is part of the Dangrek mountain range on the southern edge of the Khorat Plateau, it abuts the international border between Thailand's Sisaket Province and Cambodia's Preah Vihear Province. The name of the cliff in the Royal Thai General System of Transcription is Pha Mo I Daeng. The park was established on 20 March 1998. ()


Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Cambodia

Khao Phra Wihan ('Preah Vihear' in Khmer) is a large Khmer temple ruin perched dramatically on a cliff 500m above the plains below. It's just over the border in Cambodian territory and currently not accessible from the Thai side due to a border dispute. All that is open to visitors now are scenic overlooks and some minor Khmer ruins, all of which are interesting, but not really worth the 400B admission fee. Khao Phra Wihan National Park


Qaruh Island (Arabic: جزيرة قاروه) is an island belonging to the state of Kuwait, which received its name from the large amounts of petroleum sediments in the area (known as Qar in Arabic). It is the smallest of the nine islands, and also the furthest island from the Kuwaiti mainland. It is located 37.5 kilometres east of the mainland coast, and 17 kilometres northeast of Umm al Maradim. The island is roughly 275 meters long by 175 meters at its widest (area about 3.5 ha. The island was also the first part of Kuwaiti soil that was liberated from Iraq during the Gulf War on January 21, 1991. Wikiwand in your browser!


Despite being Kuwait’s smallest island, Qaruh holds a significant place in the hearts of Kuwaitis for being the first land to be liberated from the Iraqi aggressors in 1991. Located around 37 kms from the Kuwaiti mainland, the island’s name "Qaruh" was derived from the presence of tar (Qar) residues on the Island. Speaking to KUNA, Kuwaiti researcher on islands affairs Khaled Salem Al-Ansari said that Qaruh, similar to many other Kuwaiti islands, was not inhabited by people, unlike the only inhabited Failaka Island. He added that the island is part of the capital governorate in the administrative categorization. [...] Al-Ansari also noted that Qaruh Island was host for different kinds of seabirds, adding that some plants grew on the island. On the most significant historical happenings witnessed in Qaruh Island, Al-Ansari said that in 1949, a foreign oil company was given the right to excavate for a period of 60 years. In 1990, as the rest of Kuwait, the island was subject to the Iraqi invasion; however, Qaruh became the first Kuwaiti land to be liberated on Jan 25th, 1991. (KUNA)


Chagos Archipelago is a territory of Mauritius

Decolonizing governance of ocean resources in the Chagos Archipelago About 1,000 miles south of the Indian subcontinent, over a thousand people are hoping to return to their home located in the Chagos Archipelago. In 1810, Chagos became an outlying territory of Mauritius, an island nation 1,300 miles southwest of the archipelago, when Britain captured Mauritius from France. Mauritius gained independence from British colonial rule in 1968, yet the sovereignty of Chagos has remained disputed. From 1968 to 1973, the British forcibly removed Chagossians from their homeland. Now, the Zoological Society of London and government officials from Mauritius are negotiating a marine resource management plan for Chagos as a first step to repatriation. Invited by the Ambassador of Mauritius to the United Nations, Krish Seetah, associate professor of oceans, of environmental social sciences, and of anthropology, will lead a working group focused on incorporating cultural knowledge and traditions into a new marine protected area. Professor of oceans and of Earth system science Rob Dunbar, who is also the W. M. Keck Professor, will support scientific exploration of the archipelago’s marine biodiversity. [...] Krish Seetah (Oceans, Environmental Social Sciences, Anthropology): Lead Principal Investigator (Banner image of Chagos Archipelago courtesy of Rob Dunbar)


Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia

BAHRAIN and QATAR: Territorial dispute over the Hawar Islands and maritime boundary between BAHRAIN and QATAR. KUWAIT ownership of Qaruh and Umm al Maradim islands is disputed by Saudi Arabia. IRAN occupies two islands in the Persian Gulf claimed by the United Arab Emirates: Lesser Tunb (called Tunb as Sughra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek in Persian by Iran) and Greater Tunb (called Tunb al Kubra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg in Persian by Iran); it jointly administers with the UAE an island in the Persian Gulf claimed by the UAE (called Abu Musa in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Abu Musa in Persian by Iran)-over which Iran has taken steps to exert unilateral control since 1992, including access restrictions and a military build-up on the island; the UAE has garnered significant diplomatic support in the region in protesting these Iranian actions.


Battle of Qurah and Umm al Maradim The Battle for Qurah and Umm al Maradim, were several naval and land battles for control over the islands off the coast of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf, mainly the islands of Qurah and Umm al Maradim. [...] Umm al Maradim [edit]On 29 January, in the northern Persian Gulf, the five ships of Amphibious Ready Group (ARG) ALFA – USS Okinawa, USS Ogden, USS Fort McHenry, USS Cayuga and USS Durham steamed near the Kuwaiti island Umm al Maradim. United States Marines assaulted the 300-meter by 400-metre island 12 miles off the Kuwaiti coast using embarked Marine helicopter. After several hours of intense combat, the marines succeeded in liberating the second Kuwaiti island. After destroying Iraqi anti-aircraft weapons and artillery stored on the island, which had been used as an early warning post by the enemy, the Marines raised the Kuwaiti flag over the second parcel of reclaimed territory.[2]


"This is an irresponsible statement that affects bilateral ties," Hishammuddin said. "Sabah is, and will always be, part of Malaysia." [...] Sabah is located at the north-eastern tip of Borneo and lies about 500 kilometres from the Philippines. Although Malaysia controls the territory, the Philippines has laid claim over Sabah since 1961. [...] Furthermore, S Jayaratnam, the vice dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Singapore defended Malaysia by averring that the Philippines’ claim was weak because neither the Philippines nor the heirs of the Sultan have exercised sovereignty or been in effective occupation of Sabah since 1878. Also, Malaysia contends that Sabah has been recognised by the UN and by other countries worldwide as a Malaysian territory thus justifying their claim.


Sabah, known for its resource-rich lands, is a territory occupied by Malaysia but claimed by the Philippines as part of Mindanao. [...] Although the Philippines has never relinquished its claim of sovereignty over Sabah, it has for the most part kept that claim dormant to maintain harmonious ties with Malaysia. [...] "They must be Filipino because Sabah is ours! That’s all there is to it. If Malaysia doesn’t like it, that’s too goddamned bad for them. This question of ASEAN amity – that won’t get in the way of my assertion of what is ours," he said.


North Borneo is a territory of Philippines

On 12 September 1962, during President Diosdado Macapagal's administration, a distant cousin of the Sulu Sultan, the Philippine government claimed the territory of North Borneo, and full sovereignty, title and dominion over it were "ceded" by the heirs of the sultan of Sulu, Muhammad Esmail E. Kiram I, to the Philippines.[46] The Philippines broke off diplomatic relations with Malaysia after the federation was formed with Sabah in 1963, but probably resumed relations unofficially through the Manila Accord, in which the Philippines made it clear that its position on the inclusion of North Borneo in the Federation of Malaysia was subject to the outcome of the Philippine claim to North Borneo.[45] The representatives of Indonesia and the Federation of Malaya seconded that the inclusion of North Borneo into the aforementioned Federation "would not prejudice either the claim or any right thereunder".[47] It was revealed later in 1968 that President Ferdinand Marcos was training a team of militants on Corregidor known as Operation Merdeka for infiltration into Sabah.[48] The plan failed as a result of the Jabidah massacre.[49][50] [...] - ^ "Cession and transfer of the territory of North Borneo by His Highness, Sultan Mohammad Esmail Kiram, Sultan of Sulu, acting with the consent and approval of the Ruma Bechara, in council assembled, to the Republic of the Philippines". gov.ph. Government of the Philippines. 24 April 1962. Retrieved 7 February 2016. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.


North Borneo (usually known as British North Borneo, also known as the State of North Borneo)[2] was a British protectorate in the northern part of the island of Borneo, (present-day Sabah). The territory of North Borneo was originally established by concessions of the Sultanates of Brunei and Sulu in 1877 and 1878 to a German-born representative of Austria-Hungary, businessman and diplomat, Gustav Overbeck. [...] History [edit]Foundation and early years [edit]North Borneo was founded in 1877–1878 through a series of land concessions in northern Borneo from the Sultanate of Brunei and Sulu to an Austrian-German businessman and diplomat, Gustav Overbeck.[3][4][5] A former American Trading Company of Borneo territory on the western coast of northern Borneo had already passed to Overbeck,[6] requiring him to go to Brunei to renew the concession of the land he bought from Joseph William Torrey.[7][8][9] William Clark Cowie played an important role as a close friend of the Sultanate of Sulu in helping Overbeck to buy additional land on the eastern coast of Borneo.[10][11][12] Meanwhile, the Sultanate of Bulungan's influence also reached Tawau on the south-eastern coast,[13] but came under the influence of the more powerful Sultanate of Sulu.[14] [...] I. The State of North Borneo comprises the territories specified in the said Royal Charter, and such other territories as the Company have acquired, or may hereafter acquire, ‘under the provisions of Article XV of the said Charter.


Siachen Glacier is a territory of Pakistan

A Map of the Strange Borders Between Pakistan and India around the Siachen Glacier The Siachen Glacier is part of a larger territory dispute between India and Pakistan. Both India and Pakistan have had a significant military presence here (mostly along the Saltoro Ridge) since April 1984. The conflict has been called, The Highest Battleground in the World". Pakistan and India spend upwards of $1 million dollars a day to keep troops amassed along such demanding and inhospitable terrain. [...] Around the same time, Pakistan had also started to grant climbing permits to K2, the Himilayan mountain known as the hardest mountain to climb. When the Indian Army learned of this, they immediately assembled a military expedition to the Siachen Glacier. The glacier and the surrounding mountains range from 19,000 to 22,000 feet above sea level. The whole area is extremely cold and heavily glaciated. It is sometimes called The Third Pole. Never-the-less both Pakistani and Indian troops have chosen to remain amassed along the Saltoro Ridge.


Siachen Glacier, the world’s second-longest glacier in non-polar areas, lies in the Karakoram Range of the Himalayas, in the disputed Kashmir region. The glacier covers 76 km from its head at Indira Col on the China-India border to its terminus, with its altitude falling from 5,753m to 3,620m above sea level. The Siachen Glacier is bordered to the north by the great drainage divide, a divide separating the Indian Subcontinent and the Eurasian Plate in the Karakoram region. Although India administers the entire glacier region as part of the Union Territory of Ladakh, Pakistan also claims the region and controls the area to the glacier’s west. [...] The Siachen region is a subject of a territorial dispute between Pakistan and India, with both countries claiming sovereignty over it. The 1970s and 1980s US and Pakistani maps contained a dotted line on the LoC from NJ9842 to Karakoram Pass. However, India held that the dotted line violated the Shimla agreement and may have been a cartographic error. India took control of the Siachen Glacier in 1984 under Operation Meghdoot after getting information on Pakistan’s plans to occupy the region. The Pakistani troops reached the area and found that India had already occupied the glacier, including the Saltoro Ridge.


Saltoro Ridge is a territory of Pakistan

On the map, Saltoro ridge appears like a dagger and in geopolitical terms it is indeed a dagger, sturck deep into the territories held by Pakistan and which belonged to erstwhile Jammu & Kashmir state of British India. Saltoro mountains are perhaps not high as great spurs of Saser Muztagh range, but still most of them in the north, have heights around 20 to 22K range. The Indian Army posts on Saltoro range, give them a commanding position as they can look deep into territory held by Pakistan towards west and north. In fact the entire region north of Saltoro is mountainous and inhospitable right up to the Hunza valley, where Pakistan and China have built a road jointly. [...] The terrain surrounding Saltoro ridge is such that the Baltistan region west of it, is subject to regular landslides and avalanches. Only recently, a major disaster had struck Pakistan army HQ in the region killing 126 soldiers. Cost of holding terrain west of Saltoro ridge in Baltistan is becoming unreasonably high for Pakistan without any untenable gains. Pakistan’s keenness for a accord, essentially stems out from this hard fact. For India, the gains of holding Saltoro are so apparent and Indian soldiers are also well dug in there in a very commanding position.


Chagos Archipelago is a territory of Maldives

While its former population fights to return home, the Chagos islands are experiencing a remarkable rebounding of wildlife on a reef that’s considered the most pristine in the world. [...] Salomon Atoll is the kind of fabled stop that travellers sail halfway around the world to reach. It’s found south of the Maldives in the north eastern part of the Chagos Archipelago, a region of the British Indian Ocean Territory that encompasses seven atolls and more than 60 low-lying islands. Off most people's radar, the best known island in Chagos is Diego Garcia, a US military base 100 nautical miles south of Ile Takamaka. [...] It's a strange thing to be permitted to use the nation of an exiled people as your private tropical playground. And as we made our way around Ile Takamaka, scrambling over trees and wading through the warm ocean, I was struck by the lushness of the place. In 2010, the UK government created a marine protected area that turned the waters surrounding the Chagos Archipelago into the world’s largest marine reserve. The reason for its creation was, in part, a cynical one, as the highly regulated "no-take zone" means that Chagossians can’t fish commercially and acts as yet another hurdle to keep them out.


Sir Creek (/sər ˈkrik/ sər KREEK), originally Ban Ganga,[1] is a 96 km (60 mi) tidal estuary in the uninhabited marshlands of the Indus River Delta on the border between India and Pakistan. The creek flows into the Arabian Sea and separates Gujarat state in India from Sindh province in Pakistan.[2] The long-standing India-Pakistan Sir Creek border dispute stems from the demarcation "from the mouth of Sir Creek to the top of Sir Creek, and from the top of Sir Creek eastward to a point on the line designated on the Western Terminus".[2][3] From this point onward, the boundary is unambiguously fixed as defined by the Tribunal Award of 1968.[4] [...] Sir Creek lies just to the west of the Great Rann of Kutch area of India. On the Indian side, Sir Creek is one of the six main creeks in this area, the others being Vian Wari Creek (Vianbari and Viyanbari), Pir Sanai, Pabevari, Padala (16 km (9.9 mi) southeast from Sir Creek), and easternmost Kori (34 km (21 mi) southeast from Sir Creek).[7][5] All of these creeks are within the undisputed territory of India, except the westernmost creek, Sir Creek, which is claimed by both India and Pakistan. These evershifting creeks exit Indian territory, enter Pakistan, re-enter India, and vice versa, creating a hard-to-patrol, marshy wetland border with no physical barrier or fencing.[5]


Sir Creek - Sir Creek is a 96-km strip of water disputed between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands. Originally named Ban Ganga, Sir Creek is named after a British representative. [...] The Genesis - The marshland of Sir Creek first became disputed in the early 20th century when the Rao of Kutch and the Chief Commissioner of Sindh Province of British India, due to different perceptions of the boundaries, laid claims over the creek. [...] - Pakistan, however, claims that Sir Creek isn’t navigable but India claims that since it’s navigable in high tide, the boundary should be drawn from the mid channel.


Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Myanmar

The Three Pagodas Pass is named after three small, crumbling stupas or chedis, probably built at the end of the Ayutthaya period, as a symbol of peace. Three Pagodas Pass is located in the Tenasserim Hillson, the border between Thailand and Myanmar (Burma), at 282 meters (925 feet). The Pass links the town of Sangkhlaburi, north of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, to Payathonzu, south of Kayin State, Myanmar. [...] Three Pagodas Pass is located in the historical area, the path connecting Thailand and Myanmar.


Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Thailand

Three Pagodas Pass (Thai: ด่านเจดีย์สามองค์ Darn Chedi Sam Ong) is on the Thai-Myanmar border but accessible to foreigners only from the Thai side. It is located between Sangkhlaburi in Thailand and Payathonzu in Myanmar. [...] From Myanmar: the nearest town is Payathonzu, however foreigners can only get there using the border crossing from Thailand. As of 24th December 2014, the border crossing at Three Pagodas Pass is open to Thai citizens but NOT open to foreigners. [...] Since 2007 the Thai-Myanmar border at the Three Pagodas Pass is closed for foreigners. The information below is only useful when autorities decide to re-open the border.


Ukatnyy or Ukatny is an island in the northern Caspian Sea. It is located off the eastern end of the mouths of the Volga.[1][2] Ukatnyy Island is marshy. It has a length of 6.2 km and a maximum width of 4.3 km. It lies in an offshore oil producing area. Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] Other disputed islands[5] near Ukatny are the following:


Ukatnyy or Ukatny is an island in the northern Caspian Sea. It is located off the eastern end of the mouths of the Volga.[1][2] Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] Other disputed islands[5] near Ukatny are the following: [...] References - ^ Mapcarta - Ostrov Ukatnyy - ^ NASA STS106-719-70 VOLGA DELTA, UKATNYY - ^ Gigantic Oil and Gas Deposits May Be Bones of Contention between Russia and Kazakhstan - ^ Kazakhstan’s border policy: Russian direction. Part 1 - ^ Moscow's Caspian Claim Built on Shifting Sands - ^ Geonames - Ostrov Zhestky - ^ Increasing the primary production of a bay on Maly Zhemchuzhny Island (North Caspian) by means of mineral fertilizers


- Zhestky (Ostrov Zhestky) 45°54′N 49°24′E / 45.900°N 49.400°E. Located about 8 km to the WSW of Ukatny's southern tip.[6] - Maly Zhemchuzhny 45°02′55.9″N 48°18′36.36″E / 45.048861°N 48.3101000°E. More a sandbank than a proper island.[7] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ Mapcarta - Ostrov Ukatnyy - ^ NASA STS106-719-70 VOLGA DELTA, UKATNYY - ^ Gigantic Oil and Gas Deposits May Be Bones of Contention between Russia and Kazakhstan - ^ Kazakhstan’s border policy: Russian direction. Part 1 - ^ Moscow's Caspian Claim Built on Shifting Sands - ^ Geonames - Ostrov Zhestky - ^ Increasing the primary production of a bay on Maly Zhemchuzhny Island (North Caspian) by means of mineral fertilizers


Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] Other disputed islands[5] near Ukatny are the following: - Zhestky (Ostrov Zhestky) 45°54′N 49°24′E / 45.900°N 49.400°E. Located about 8 km to the WSW of Ukatny's southern tip.[6] [...] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ Mapcarta - Ostrov Ukatnyy - ^ NASA STS106-719-70 VOLGA DELTA, UKATNYY - ^ Gigantic Oil and Gas Deposits May Be Bones of Contention between Russia and Kazakhstan - ^ Kazakhstan’s border policy: Russian direction. Part 1 - ^ Moscow's Caspian Claim Built on Shifting Sands - ^ Geonames - Ostrov Zhestky - ^ Increasing the primary production of a bay on Maly Zhemchuzhny Island (North Caspian) by means of mineral fertilizers


Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy is a territory of Kazakhstan

Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is a piece of land in the Caspian Sea. It is an amazing place. Every spring and summer, the island turns into a real "nursery" for thousands of gulls and terns. Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy is located in the northwestern Caspian Sea and is a state natural monument of federal significance. Caspian seals haul-out there.


Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy is a territory of Russia

Read moreMalyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is located in the northwestern Caspian Sea, 80 km from the sea edge of the Volga delta. It is formed from Read moreMalyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is a piece of land in the Caspian Sea. It is an amazing place. Every spring and summer, the island


Eritrean movements in Ras Doumeira region [edit]In January, Eritrea reportedly requested to cross the border in order to get sand for a road, but instead occupied a hilltop in the region.[13] On April 16, Eritrea is reported by Djibouti to have set up fortifications and dug trenches on both sides of the Djiboutian border near Ras Doumeira.[6] Djibouti, in a letter to the UN calling for intervention, claimed new maps put out by Eritrea showed Ras Doumeira as Eritrean territory. Eritrea denied it had any problems with Djibouti.[14]


The Ungar-Too (also: Ungar-Tepe) is a mountain located on the Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan border, which has been a cause of tension between the two countries. There is an important relay station on the mountain, which is of great importance for Kyrgyz telecommunications service providers. Overall, development of the Ungar-Too mountain is limited to six antenna masts and a few smaller buildings. [...] The Uzbek presence on the mountain remained for the time being and was increased to 20 people at the beginning of September 2016. The occupation of the Ungar-Too was also used as leverage in other acute issues, but bilateral negotiations initially remained unsuccessful. The four Kyrgyz workers were held in a police station in Yangikurgan.[4] The diplomatic efforts eventually led to the release of the prisoners and the evacuation of the mountain on 18 September.[5]


According to him, the Orto-Tokoi water reservoir remains the territory of Kyrgyzstan, but will be used by Uzbekistan. «As you know, Orto-Tokoi reservoir was used by Uzbekistan by 95 percent. In accordance with the agreement, they had to transfer us a land plot equal to the area of the reservoir — more than 700 hectares — as compensation. About 200 hectares have already been transferred, 500 remained. Thanks to the reservoir, we received several disputable areas: Kok-Serek — 105 hectares, Bayastan — 212 hectares, Ak-Tash — 100 hectares, Ungar-Too — 35 hectares, Kara-Beles — 25 hectares. I would like to note that Kara-Beles was previously transfered to Uzbekistan, but we returned it,» he said. As for Ungar-Too, Kamchybek Tashiev clarified that the border line would run not along the mountain, but at its foot. «Ungar-Too itself remains our territory,» he added.


Vozrozhdeniya Island is a territory of Kazakhstan

Vozrozhdeniya Island (Russian: Остров Возрождения, IPA: [vəzrɐˈʐdʲenʲɪjə] , lit. 'Rebirth Island'; Kazakh: Возрождение аралы, Vozrojdenie araly; Uzbek: Возрождение ороли, Vozrojdeniye oroli) was an island in the Aral Sea. The former island's territory is split between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In 1954, the Soviet Union constructed a biological weapons test site called Aralsk-7 there and on the neighbouring Komsomolskiy Island, which also no longer exists.[1] Vozrozhdeniya was once a small island; it was only 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi) in the nineteenth century.[2] However, in the 1960s, the island began to grow in size as the Aral Sea began drying up as the Soviet Union dammed its feeder rivers for agricultural projects.[3] The shrinkage of the Aral continued and accelerated over time, and the receding waters briefly made Vozrozhdeniya the second-largest lake island in the world, at 2,300 km2 (890 sq mi),[4] in the final days of its existence in mid-2001, becoming a peninsula when the South Aral Sea dried up enough that the island joined the mainland.[5] Upon the disappearance of the Southeast Aral Sea in 2008, Vozrozhdeniya was simply a part of the surrounding land, and by 2014 it was simply a part of the land within the extensive Aralkum Desert.


Vozrozhdeniya Island is a territory of Uzbekistan

Vozrozhdeniya Island (Template:Lang-ru, which translates as Rebirth Island or Renaissance Island), or Voz Island for short, was an island in the Aral Sea. The former island's territory is split between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In 1954, the Soviet Union constructed a biological weapons test site called Aralsk-7 there and on the neighboring Komsomolskiy Island.[1] Vozrozhdeniya was once a small island; in the 19th century its size was only Template:Convert.[2] However, in the 1960s, the island began to grow in size; the Aral Sea began drying up due to its feeder rivers being dammed by the Soviet Union for agricultural projects.[3] The shrinkage of the Aral continued and accelerated over time. Vozrozhdeniya became a peninsula in mid-2001 when the channel to its south dried up completely and became a land bridge.[4] Upon the disappearance of the Southeast Aral Sea in 2008, Vozrozhdeniya became technically indistinguishable from the surrounding land. It briefly reemerged as a peninsula in 2010 when the eastern basin was flooded by heavy snow melt before once again becoming indistinguishable as a unique geographic feature. [...] - NASA satellite image comparison between 1989 and 2003 - Biological Decontamination of Vozrozhdeniye Island: The U.S.-Uzbek Agreement - Former Soviet Biological Weapons Facilities in Kazakhstan: Past, Present, and Future - 1960's Satellite images of Soviet laboratory - Top Inhospitable Places in the World


Limbang District is a territory of Malaysia

Limbang is a border town and the capital of Limbang District of northern Sarawak, East Malaysia. The bustling river port of Limbang (pronounced lim-bahng) is something of a backwater. It's a popular weekend destination among visitor from Brunei Sultanate. Brunei dropped all territorial claims over Limbang, thus ceding the district to the state of Sarawak and recognising it as Malaysian territory, Prime Minister Dato' Seri Abdullah Hj Ahmad Badawi was reported to have told Malaysian media 17 March 2009. This was among the boundary issues resolved under the Letters of Exchange (LoE), which included the establishment of a "Commercial Arrangement Area" (CAA) and the right of passage for Malaysian vessels across Bruneian waters. His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam and Malaysian Prime Minister signed the documents at the Istana Nurul Iman.


Limbang District is a territory of Brunei

Limbang, Brunei's exclave, is a small district located in the northern part of Borneo. It's separated from the main territory of Brunei by a strip of land belonging to Sarawak, a Malaysian state. This peculiar arrangement has its roots in historical events and political developments. [...] After World War II, both Brunei and Sarawak gained independence. While Brunei remained a sultanate, Sarawak became a state within Malaysia. Despite the political changes, the territorial boundaries remained intact, leaving Limbang as an exclave of Brunei. The existence of Limbang has significant implications for Brunei. It provides the sultanate with access to the South China Sea, which is important for trade and transportation. Limbang also contributes to Brunei's economy through its agricultural and forestry resources.


Tuzla Island (Ukrainian: Тузла, Russian: Тузла, Crimean Tatar: Tuzla; from Turkic "tuzla" – salty, saline, literally: saltpan) is a sandy islet in the form of a spit located in the middle of the Strait of Kerch, between the Kerch Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The island was formed from part of the Taman Peninsula after a 1925 storm. Tuzla Island was formed when the spit that continued the Taman peninsula suffered from massive erosion during a major storm in 1925.[2] In ancient times (2,500 years ago) the sea level was four meters below the present, which meant that at the site of modern Tuzla was quite an extensive area of land, which was part of the Taman Peninsula. Taman Peninsula itself at that time was part of the Kuban delta, and was separated from the rest of the land by river channels, which drained into the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Some historians identify Tuzla as the island of Alopeka, mentioned by ancient authors, located in the waters of Cimmerian Bosporus, and when the island periodically joined to the Asian shore of the Bosporus, the resulting braid[clarification needed] was used as the entrance to the passage through the narrowest part of the Cimmerian Bosporus, which is located between Alopekoy and the European shore of the Bosporus. Other historians and geologists reject such a hypothesis, believing that neither the island nor the Tuzla Spit existed in ancient times.


Tuzla Island (Ukrainian: Тузла, Russian: Тузла, Crimean Tatar: Tuzla; from Turkic "tuzla" – salty, saline, literally: saltpan) is a sandy islet in the form of a spit located in the middle of the Strait of Kerch, between the Kerch Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The island was formed from part of the Taman Peninsula after a 1925 storm. [...] History [edit]Tuzla Island was formed when the spit that continued the Taman peninsula suffered from massive erosion during a major storm in 1925.[2] In ancient times (2,500 years ago) the sea level was four meters below the present, which meant that at the site of modern Tuzla was quite an extensive area of land, which was part of the Taman Peninsula. Taman Peninsula itself at that time was part of the Kuban delta, and was separated from the rest of the land by river channels, which drained into the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Some historians identify Tuzla as the island of Alopeka, mentioned by ancient authors, located in the waters of Cimmerian Bosporus, and when the island periodically joined to the Asian shore of the Bosporus, the resulting braid[clarification needed] was used as the entrance to the passage through the narrowest part of the Cimmerian Bosporus, which is located between Alopekoy and the European shore of the Bosporus. Other historians and geologists reject such a hypothesis, believing that neither the island nor the Tuzla Spit existed in ancient times.


Strait of Kerch is a territory of Brunei

Kerch's territory was already populated in the prehistoric times. In the late 7th century BC, Greek colonists founded Panticapaeum, which was soon surrounded by smaller towns: Myrmekion, Heraclius, Parthenius and others. Gradually, the territory on both sides of the strait was taken over by the Bosporan Kingdom and Panticapaeum became the capital in 480 BC.


Strait of Kerch is a territory of Malaysia

1. The Kerch Strait is a strategic water body connecting the Black Sea with the Sea of Azov. Kerch Strait is in Eastern Europe and is the only water body that connects the Black sea with the Sea of Azov, which separates the Kerch Peninsula towards the west from the Taman Peninsula lying in the east. The former is a part of Crimea, and the latter is situated in Russia’s Krasnodar Krai. Hence, the strait offers a convenient navigable passage to the Azov sea, aiding sea transportation. The Strait of Kerch is about three kilometres long, fifteen kilometres broad, and eighteen metres deep. At its narrowest point, which lies at the northern end of the Chushka Landspit, it is only three to five kilometres wide.


The issue of the disputed territory of Ras Doumeira has been a sticking point between the two states which both claim ownership of the barren mountainous strip of land on their joint border. Clashes over control of the land back in May 2008 caused hundreds of military casualties on both sides. Qatar had presided over mediation efforts and maintained a military buffer presence for much of the past decade, but then withdrew its 400 man peacekeeping contingent from Ras Doumeira in the aftermath of both countries’ siding with Saudi Arabia last year at the height of the GCC crisis. In June of 2017, barely a day after Qatari peacekeepers vacated the region, Eritrean troops moved in and took up positions in Ras Doumeira. Ever since, Djibouti has called on the international community to take action on what it refers to as Eritrean military aggression and its refusal to release twelve Djiboutian soldiers it says Eritrea took prisoner during the 2008 military flare up. Eritrea for its part, has always denied having Djiboutian military servicemen in its custody and accused Djibouti of fabricating its claims to gain international sympathy. [...] The complex Ras Doumeira issue is set to be handled by joint Ethiopian-Somali government mediation. Despite Eritrea and Djibouti being on opposite ends of the spectrum especially in regards to the topic of missing Djiboutian soldiers, Djiboutian Foreign Minister Mahmoud Ali Youssouf remains upbeat.


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Government of Malaysia Relating to the Delimitation of the Continental shelf 204 between the Two Countries of 1969, TPF Fthe boundary between the adjacent coast of Borneo/Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Sara wak (Malaysia) gives less than full effect to various Indonesian islands. [...] Sarych (44°23'07''N, 33°44'28''E) to the south. [...] In the south-east this area shall be delimited by the meridian uniting the suthern extremity of the Crimean Peninsula (Cape Sarych) with the delimitation boundary between Ukraine and Turkey.


The Sea of Azov is a small body of water surrounded by Russia and Ukraine connected to the Black Sea by the Kerch Strait. It is a shallow body of water and has proven to be strategically important for centuries. Today, the Sea of Azov is important for three geopolitical reasons. First, the Sea of Azov is vital for Ukraine’s economic and military wellbeing. Along the coastline lies Mariupol, Ukraine’s 10th-largest city and one of the country’s leading trade ports. Mariupol is also near the frontlines of the fighting in the Donbas. Under the 2003 Treaty on the Legal Status of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait, both the Sea of Azov and Kerch Strait are shared territorial waters between Russia and Ukraine. However, Russia illegally delays Ukrainian commercial ships from passing through the Kerch Strait. Considering the importance of the strait for Ukraine’s sea-based exports, the economic impact of Russia’s actions is expected to be severe. [...] Second, the Sea of Azov is important for Russia’s continued occupation of Crimea for logistical reasons. With Ukraine still controlling access to the Isthmus of Perekop, the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait play a role in connecting mainland Russia with Crimea and allows the resupply of Russian troops based there.


Azov, Sea of (Map: Sea of Azov) (Latin: Palus Maeotis; Greek: Μαιώτις [Maeotian Swamp or Maeotian Sea]; old Rus': Surozke more; Ukrainian: Ozivske more). A shallow branch of the Black Sea, connected to it by the Kerch Strait. It covers a part of the Black Sea Depression lying between the Donets Ridge and the Azov Upland in the north and the foothills of the Crimean Mountains and the Caucasus Mountains in the south. The Sea of Azov is located between mainland Ukraine in the north, the Crimea in the west, and the Kuban region in the east. In the northeast it is bordered by the Don region. The large rivers that flow into the Sea of Azov—the Don River and the Kuban River—connect it with the continental heartland. The Sea of Azov now lies within the borders of Ukraine and the Russian Federation.


Crimea, formerly known as the Tauric Peninsula, is a peninsula in Eastern Europe surrounded by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connect the peninsula to Kherson on mainland Ukraine, with the Strait of Kerch separating it from Kuban, Russia. However, it is linked to the Russian region by the Crimea Bridge. Crimea covers an area of approximately 27,000 square kilometers, roughly the size of the US state of Massachusetts. The peninsula has been a subject of dispute between Ukraine and Russia, with the dispute popularly referred to as the Crimean Question or the Crimean Problem. Although Russia administers Crimea, most international governments consider the peninsula a Ukrainian territory. [...] Currently, Crimea is a disputed territory between Ukraine and Russia, with both countries considering the peninsula as their respective republics. Ukraine claims the region as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, while Russia claims it as the Republic of Crimea. When Ukraine reestablished itself as an independent state, Crimea renamed itself to the Republic of Crimea. Although Ukraine did not initially oppose the name, it did not accept the peninsula’s claim of being a state. In 1992, Russia declared the 1954 Crimea transfer illegal, a move that Ukraine condemned.


Crimea is located between the temperate and subtropical climate belts and is characterized by warm and sunny weather.[56] It is characterized by diversity and the presence of microclimates.[56] The northern parts of Crimea have a moderate continental climate with short but cold winters and moderately hot dry summers.[57] In the central and mountainous areas the climate is transitional between the continental climate to the north and the Mediterranean climate to the south.[57] Winters are mild at lower altitudes (in the foothills) and colder at higher altitudes.[57] Summers are hot at lower altitudes and warm in the mountains.[57] A subtropical, Mediterranean climate dominates the southern coastal regions, is characterized by mild winters and moderately hot, dry summers.[57] [...] Crimea is Ukrainian territory currently occupied by Russia; Ukraine has not relinquished title over the Crimean territory since the events of 2014, and Crimea is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.[37][38][2][39] They exercise administration of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea from Kyiv in the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories. Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy drew attention to this fact in August 2022 when he stated that it was "necessary to liberate Crimea" from Russian occupation and to re-establish "world law and order".[103]


During classical antiquity, the entire Aegean Sea area was incorporated into the Greek and Hellenistic cultural sphere. Great Ionian cities such as Ephesus, Miletus, Smyrna, or Halicarnassus, all of them in Asia Minor, speak of the cultural unity prevailing in antiquity in this wide geographical contour, which was maintained for several centuries thanks to Byzantium. [...] During World War I, the Ottoman Empire, an ally of the Axis Powers, suffered a significant defeat and would eventually collapse in 1922. After the war, the Treaty of Sèvres (1920) established new borders for the Ottoman territory. In the context of the dispute in the Aegean Sea, the treaty granted Greece certain rights and sovereignty over several islands (Imbros, Lemnos and Tenedos), as well as over Eastern Thrace, the Smyrna region and the west coast of Anatolia. [...] A particularly sensitive moment occurred in Imia in 1995. Imia-Kardak are two uninhabited islets whose control is disputed by both countries. After a series of secret landings by the armies of both sides, tensions around the two islands came close to triggering an armed conflict, which was averted thanks to NATO's diplomatic intervention. The same decade also saw the infiltration of numerous Turkish secret agents into Greece, who set off a series of large-scale fires. In response to these actions, some Greek citizens set fires in forested areas located in Turkish territory.


"When the Figen Akat incident happened," the Turkish diplomat claims, "we realized that Kardak [the Turkish name for Imia] was registered in local Turkish government documents as part of Turkish territory, and we consulted international maps that show Kardak within Turkish territorial waters. We then consulted other agencies that might be informed about the history of the islands and discovered that there was absolutely no doubt about the affiliation of Kardak. But at that moment we did not want to create a political problem, because the issue of the ship had been resolved and there was nothing we could do." [...] "We received a verbal note from the Greek Embassy in Ankara claiming that Kardak was Greek territory. Your diplomats visited our ministry, spoke with me and Minister Baykal, put forward their arguments and we explained to them that according to all information, there is no doubt that the islands were Turkish territory and that for us there is no discussion about it. Then our minister visited the prime minister and stated the same. So for us, the problem was already closed."


Carlingford Lough is a territory of United Kingdom

Carlingford Lough is a glacial fjord or sea lough that forms part of the border between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. On its northern shore is County Down (United Kingdom) and on its southern shore is County Louth (Irish Republic). At its extreme interior angle (the northwest corner) it is fed by the Newry River and the Newry Canal. [...] The Carlingford Lough Ramsar site (wetlands of international importance designated under the Ramsar Convention), is 2,052.23 acres in area, at Latitude 54° 03' 00" N and Longitude 06° 07' 00" W. It was designated a Ramsar site on 9 March 1998. It is a cross-border site. The northern shore is in Northern Ireland and includes the most significant mudflats in the lough, and an area of salt marsh. The southern shore is in the republic of Ireland. At the mouth of the lough are several small rock and shingle islands which are of importance to terns.[4] [...] - ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Carlingford Lough Ramsar site". NI Environment Agency. http://www.ni-environment.gov.uk/biodiversity/designated-areas/ramsar/ramsar_carlingfordough.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-07.


Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland

Carlingford Lough (Irish: Loch Cairlinn,[2] Ulster Scots: Carlinford Loch[3]) is a glacial fjord or sea inlet in northeastern Ireland, forming part of the border between Northern Ireland to the north and the Republic of Ireland to the south. On its northern shore is County Down, the Mourne Mountains, and the town of Warrenpoint; on its southern shore is County Louth, the Cooley Mountains and the village of Carlingford. The Newry River flows into the loch from the northwest. [...] The Carlingford Lough Ramsar site (wetlands of international importance designated under the Ramsar Convention), is 830.51 hectares in area, at latitude 54 03 00 N and longitude 06 07 00 W. It was designated a Ramsar site on 9 March 1998. It is a cross-border site, with the northern shore lying within Northern Ireland (including the lough's more extensive mudflats and a salt marsh), and the southern shore lying in the Republic of Ireland (where the Carlingford Lough Special Protection Area falls within the scope of the National Parks and Wildlife Service).[9][10][11] [...] - ^ a b "Carlingford Lough". Place Names NI. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.


Carlingford Lough is a beautiful coastal inlet sandwiched between the Mourne Mountains in Northern Ireland and the Cooley Peninsula in the Republic of Ireland. [...] Straddling the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, Carlingford Lough is just south of the beautiful Mourne Mountains, right in front of Carlingford town. It is actually an inlet from the Irish Sea, 27km northeast of Dundalk and 100km north of Dublin. County Down lines the north shore and County Louth is on the southern bank. [...] The sheltered waters of Carlingford Lough are actually a rare glacial fjord or sea inlet marking the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.


Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea

The Doumeira Islands (Somali: Dumeera, Tigrinya: ዱሜራ, Arabic: دميرة) are situated northeast of Djibouti and east of Eritrea near the Bab el-Mandeb in the Red Sea. They consist of Doumeira, located less than one kilometer off of the Eritrean and Djiboutian shore, and the much smaller island of Kallîda, which is 250 metres (820 ft) to the east. The currently-in-force 1900 boundary agreement specifies that the international boundary starts at Cape Doumeira (Ras Doumeira) at the Red Sea and runs for 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) along the watershed divide of the peninsula. Furthermore, the 1900 protocol specified that Ile Doumeira (Doumeira Island) immediately offshore and its adjacent smaller islets would not be assigned sovereignty and would remain a demilitarized neutral zone.[1] In January 1935, Italy and France signed the Franco-Italian Agreement wherein, among other things, a strip of territory at the northernmost end of French Somaliland (Djibouti), including the Doumeira Islands, was ceded to Italy (Eritrea).[2] However, the question of ratification has brought this agreement, and its provision of substantial parts of Djibouti to Eritrea, into question.[3][4] In April 1996 the two countries almost went to war after a Djibouti official accused Eritrea of shelling Ras Doumeira.


Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom

Disputed status [edit]Lough Foyle is a disputed territory between the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom; after the Partition of Ireland in the early 1920s, each side claimed that it was in their own territory. Although this dispute is still ongoing, there are currently no negotiations as to its ownership. The UK's Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) underlined its view on 2 June 2009 that all of Lough Foyle is in the United Kingdom, a spokesperson stating: 'The UK position is that the whole of Lough Foyle is within the UK. We recognise that the Irish Government does not accept this position...There are no negotiations currently in progress on this issue. The regulation of activities in the Lough is now the responsibility of the Loughs Agency, a cross-border body established under the Good Friday Agreement.'[9] In November 2016, James Brokenshire, MP, the UK's Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, reiterated the UK's view that all of Lough Foyle is in the UK,[10] whilst Charles Flanagan, TD, the Republic of Ireland's Minister for Foreign Affairs, stated that the Republic of Ireland did not recognise Britain's claim to the entirety of Lough Foyle.[11]


Lough Foyle: Anglo-Irish talks ongoing to address territorial dispute - Published [...] He replied that the British government's position "remains that the whole of Lough Foyle is within the UK". [...] On Wednesday, Northern Ireland secretary responded with one sentence: "The government's position remains that the whole of Lough Foyle is within the UK."


Gibraltar is a territory of United Kingdom

Gibraltar is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom and is self-governing in all matters but defense. Its constitution was established by the Gibraltar Constitution Order in 1969, which provided for a House of Assembly consisting of the speaker (appointed by the governor), 15 members elected to four-year terms, and 2 ex-officio members. (A new Constitution Order was approved by referendum in November 2006 and was implemented in January 2007; it renamed the House of Assembly as the Gibraltar Parliament and increased its number of members to 17.) In 1981 Gibraltarians were granted full British citizenship. Gibraltarians age 18 or older and British civilians resident for more than six months are entitled to vote. The governor, appointed by the British sovereign, is the head of the executive Gibraltar Council and appoints the Council of Ministers, composed of the chief minister and other ministers, from the party or coalition of parties that gains a majority of seats in the Gibraltar Parliament. Instead of a city council, one minister is responsible for municipal affairs.


Humanities › Geography › Country Information › Geography of Gibraltar Print InterNetwork Media/ Photodisc/ Getty Images Geography Country Information Basics Physical Geography Political Geography Population Key Figures & Milestones Maps Urban Geography By Amanda Briney Amanda Briney Geography Expert M.A., Geography, California State University - East Bay B.A., English and Geography, California State University - Sacramento Amanda Briney, M.A., is a professional geographer. She holds a Certificate of Advanced Study in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) from California State University. Learn about our Editorial Process Updated on December 12, 2019 Gibraltar is a British overseas territory that is located to the south of Spain on the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. Gibraltar is a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea with an area of just 2.6 square miles (6.8 sq km) and throughout its history, the Strait of Gibraltar (the narrow strip of water between it and Morocco) has been an important "chokepoint." This is because the narrow channel is easy to cut off from other areas thereby having the ability to "choke" off transit in times of conflict. Because of this, there have often been disagreements about who controls Gibraltar.


Rockall is a territory of United Kingdom

The important section of the Act was this: "As from the date of the passing of this Act, the Island of Rockall (of which possession was formally taken in the name of Her Majesty on 18 September 1955 in pursuance of a Royal Warrant dated 14 September 1955 addressed to the Captain of Her Majesty’s Ship Vidal) shall be incorporated into that part of the United Kingdom known as Scotland and shall form part of the District of Harris in the County of Inverness and the Law of Scotland shall apply accordingly." [...] In terms of proximity there is little doubt that Rockall is Scottish. The nearest point of Scotland to Rockall is Soay in the St Kilda archipelago which is some 187 miles, 301km, to the east. The nearest point of Ireland, which now does not actually have a formal claim to Rockall but which argues that it cannot be used to determine territorial rights, is Tory Island, some 263 miles, 432km, to the south-east of Rockall. [...] Ten years later, Ireland was still arguing about Rockall, and the Westminster Parliament was still debating. Sir John Biggs-Davison asked Secretary of State for Scotland George Younger: "In view of renewed interest by certain politicians in the Irish Republic, will my right hon. Friend affirm, on behalf of Her Majesty’s Government, that though it be uninhabited, and notwithstanding any negotiations on the law of the sea, Rockall is sovereign territory of the United Kingdom and will so remain?"


Rockall - a tiny disputed territory Rockall is an uninhabitable granite islet situated in the North Atlantic Ocean (and a familiar name from the shipping forecast). The United Kingdom claims that Rockall lies within its exclusive economic zone and is part of its territory, but this claim is not recognised by several neighbouring countries. [...] The 1972 Island of Rockall Act, passed by parliament in Westminster, formally declared Rockall to be part of Inverness-shire. The UK, however, is not the only state laying claim to the area. Ireland, Iceland and Denmark (on behalf of the Faroes) have also lodged overlapping claims. In recent years there have been international disputes between Ireland and Scotland over the rich fishing around the rock.


The idea that Ireland regards as part of its territory the tiny clump of rocks known as Rockall, 420km northwest of Co Donegal, is a popular misconception – flag-planting on the rock by brave, patriotic souls notwithstanding. [...] Irish lawyers and diplomats have maintained that nothing as insubstantial or uninhabitable as Rockall can be said to constitute a national territory in any meaningful sense. And particularly in the sense of such a status bestowing economic rights. Irish diplomats successfully fought hard to establish the principle (see clause above) in international law at interminable UN meetings on the drafting of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea. [...] The Scottish move also has implications for Brussels. The Common Fisheries Policy extends access rights for all EU fishing boats to all EU waters that are not covered by the 12-mile territorial exemption. If Rockall, as the Irish contend, does not have its own territorial waters, then the area is simply part of the common fishing zone and Scottish attempts to exclude any boats are a breach of the Common Fisheries Policy.


McClean, who served in Aden and Borneo with the SAS, is absolutely clear about his objective: it was political and territorial. He was trying to cement the UK's claim to the ownership of Rockall, to be the first civilian to live there. While it is just a volcanic rock in the sea, its ownership is contested by the Irish, who insist it is closer to Ireland than the UK, the Danes – who argue it is part of the Faroe Islands sea shelf, and Iceland. [...] Its territorial significance is now much reduced but back then securing Rockall – at the height of the cold war, with Soviet and Nato submarines engaged in a tense underwater ballet around the north Atlantic – was about controlling sea space for hundreds of square miles of Atlantic. By the 1980s, it was about securing the oil and gas rights of the Rockall basin. In 1997, the UK accepted Rockall was a rock, with no impact on the UK's maritime territory. The current dispute with Ireland, Denmark and Iceland is over the wider Rockall-Hatton basin.


Dollart bay is a territory of Netherlands

The Dollart (German name) or Dollard (Dutch name) is a bay in the Wadden Sea between the northern Netherlands and Germany, on the west side of the estuary of the Ems river. Most of it dries at low tide. Many water birds feed there.


Doumeira Island is a territory of Djibouti

Ras Doumeira (Cape Doumeira, Somali: Raas Dumeera) is a geographic cape that extends into the Red Sea, towards the Doumeira Islands. The area is in the north of Djibouti and also border Eritrea, and was the subject of the 2008 border dispute between the two countries. In September 2018 ten years after the conflict, it was announced that Djibouti and Eritrea agreed to normalize their relations. [1]


Lake Constance is a territory of Austria

Our region is located on the northern border of the Middle Rhine Valley. When we hike through the hills and valleys of the Siebengebirge and look down on our small part of the Rhine, he has already come a long way from the Swiss Alpes to the Northern Sea, through Liechtenstein, Austria, France and the German Länder Baden-Württemberg, Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate. [...] When the Rhine was straightened during the 20th century, parts of his old river bed around St. Gallen in Switzerland and Vorarlberg in Austria, were cut off. Today, these cut-off arms are nature reserves. The Alpine Rhine flows into Lake Constance on Austrian territory. Three countries meet here: Austria, Switzerland, and the German state Baden-Württemberg. Lake Constance consists of the Obersee (upper lake) and the Untersee (lower lake), which has Germany on the northern bank and Switzerland on the southern. The small Rhine section called Seerhein (Lake Rhine) connects both lakes.


Lake Constance is a territory of Germany

If you are within the lower Bavaria and Bad Wurttemberg, recommend you drop anchor at Lake Konstanz. Lake Konstanz is very popular during summer for families on a long vacation looking for relaxation. It is also surrounded by beautiful villages with unique old town squares, churches, museum, and gardens as well as a rich history. This series of post will take you to Island Mainau, Meersburg, Constance (the town), Lindau, Bregenz, the Rhein Fall , Stein Am Rhine and a side trip to Liechtenstein. Lake Constance is bordered by Germany, Austria and Switzerland and one of the biggest cities is located in the German territory, Konstanz. This city is the center of this lake region and it is a good base if you are interested in night life and shopping, some of the cities like Lindau, Bregenz and Meersburg are good to base in too. [...] To experience Konstanz you need a day and a half, if interested in shopping, add the time you are required to shop. Recommend you book early if planning a family vacation, the Lake is very popular during summer weather. Konstanz is expensive due to the city proximity to Switzerland. To visit the cities around the lake take either the auto ferries or the passenger boat. To access close by villages take a train or rent a bike and enjoy the biking path around the lake.


Olivenza is a town located in southwestern Spain, near the Portuguese border, on a historically disputed section of the Portugal – Spain border. Its territory is administered by Spain as a municipality belonging to the province of Badajoz, and to the wider autonomous community of Extremadura. In 1964, Olivenza became one of the first municipalities in the province of Badajoz that earned a heritage protection status of conjunto histórico-artístico for their historic cores. The report for the declaration cited that the city of Olivenza, "surrounded by a beautiful landscape of pasture and farmland, dominated by the imposing castle’s keep", "offers a number of buildings, enclosures and places of notable importance in the monumental aspect". Since 2019 Olivenza has been a part of the network "The most beautiful towns in Spain".


The Extremaduran population of Olivenza (Badajoz) has lived for years in pleasant and peaceful coexistence with Portugal. But this weekend the call was revived Olivenza issue (the historic territorial claim that Portugal maintains over the towns of Olivenza and Táliga) after the surprising announcement by the Portuguese Minister of Defense, Nuno Melo, of awaken an old claim to Spain: to hand over Olivenza, right on the border of both countries. The issue has reached none other than the CIA. "Olivenza is Portuguese, naturally, and it is not a provocation," he said. Nuno Melo in statements to the media. Melo finished dlinking his statements to the Portuguese Governmentbut insisted on claiming that Olivenza is Portugal, based on the provisions of the Treaty of Alcañices in 1297 between the Crown of Castile and Portugal, by which the municipality passed to the neighboring country, although Olivenza returned to Spanish sovereignty during the War of las Naranjas, with the signing of the Treaty of Badajoz in 1801. [...] However, and in defense of Portugal, it is worth remembering that already in 2003, when it was made public The World Factbook of the CIA, the Portuguese Government, through the mouth of its then Minister of Foreign Affairs, Martins da Cruzstated regarding the CIA publication that the Olivenza issue "it is frozen and should not be reopened"ensuring that "the Olivenza problem has been frozen since the Treaty of Vienna of 1815", rejected by Spain, which refused to cede the territory to Portugal, although it did not rule out that the issue could be resolved "at another time."


Villarreal is a city in the province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain. In 2010, 51,367 people lived there. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vila-real.


Vila Real (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈvilɐ ʁiˈal] ) is the capital and largest city of the Vila Real District, in the North region, Portugal. It is also the seat of the Douro intermunicipal community and of the Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro historical province. The Vila Real municipality covers an area of 378.80 square kilometres (146.26 sq mi)[1] and is home to an estimated population of 49,574 (2021),[2] of which about 30,000 live in the urban area (2021).[3] [...] Vila Real's privileged location at the crossroad between the Porto-Bragança and Viseu-Chaves roads allowed for a sustained growth over the centuries. Starting from the 17th century, the House of Vila Real attracted the nobility to an extent that during that time the city housed more members of the royal family than any other settlement in Portugal except the capital in Lisbon, and family coats of arms remain above old houses and manors, some of which are still occupied by those families. Vineyards were introduced to the municipality in 1764, growing red, white and rosé wines for export. Despite its royal presence, Vila Real remained with the status of town until the increase in population in the 19th century, which led to it gaining the status of capital of the Vila Real District and the historic province of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Vila Real was created in 1922 from the dioceses of Bragança-Miranda, Braga and Lamego and Vila Real finally gained city status under the Portuguese Republic in 1925.[7]


Táliga (Spanish: [ˈtaliɣa]) or Talega (Portuguese: [tɐˈlɛɣɐ]) is a Spanish town and municipality located near the border with Portugal, in the province of Badajoz, in the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura. Portugal considers Táliga, as well as neighbouring Olivenza, a de jure part of the Portuguese concelho of Olivenza, occupied by Spain since 1801. (See Olivenza#Claims of sovereignty). Under Portuguese administration, Táliga was a freguesia (parish) of the concelho (municipality) of Olivenza. It became an independent municipality in 1850, already under Spanish administration. [...] External links [edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Táliga.


Taliga (Táliga) is a populated place (class P - Populated Place) in Extremadura, Spain (Europe) with the region font code of Americas/Western Europe. It is located at an elevation of 306 meters above sea level and its population amounts to 705. Táliga is also known as Taliga, Táliga. [...] Map and Photos Taliga


Island of Šarengrad is a territory of Spain

Island of Šarengrad (Croatian: Šarengradska ada, Serbian Cyrillic: Шаренградска ада, pronounced [ʃǎreŋgratskaː ǎːda] or [-ǎda]) is a Danube river island situated close to the village of Šarengrad in Croatia.[1] It covers an area of 9 km2 (3.5 sq mi).[2] The old riverbed of the Danube caused problems for navigation due to its heavy bending in this area. In order to solve the problem, Austria-Hungary began digging a canal in 1892 to straighten the flow of the river. After 17 years, the Mohovo-Šarengrad canal was finally finished, and as a result the Island of Šarengrad was formed in 1909.[2][3] [...] In 1998, through the Erdut Agreement, Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia was reintegrated with Croatia. However, the Island of Šarengrad together with Island of Vukovar has stayed under Serbian military control.[citation needed]


Glorioso Islands is a territory of Madagascar

The Glorioso Islands are a small atoll in the Indian Ocean off East Africa, near Madagascar, part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. Understand [edit]A French possession since 1892, the Glorioso Islands are composed of two lushly vegetated tropical coral islands (Ile Glorieuse and Ile du Lys) and three rock islets. A military garrison operates a weather and radio station on Ile Glorieuse. [...] Get around [edit]Buy [edit]There is no economic activity in the Glorioso Islands.


Island of Šarengrad is a territory of Portugal

Island of Šarengrad (Croatian: Šarengradska ada, Serbian: Шаренградска ада, in Croatian pronounced as /ʃǎreŋgratskaː ǎːda/ or pronounced as /-ǎda/) is a Danube river island situated close to the village of Šarengrad in Croatia.[1] It covers an area of 9km2. The old riverbed of the Danube caused problems for navigation due to its heavy bending in this area. In order to solve the problem, Austria-Hungary began digging a canal in 1892 to straighten the flow of the river. After 17 years, the Mohovo-Šarengrad canal was finally finished, and as a result the Island of Šarengrad was formed in 1909.[2] [...] In 1998, through the Erdut Agreement, Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia was reintegrated with Croatia. However, the Island of Šarengrad together with Island of Vukovar has stayed under Serbian military control.


Island of Vukovar is a territory of Portugal

Island of Vukovar (Q560385) [...] Island of Vukovar 0 references [...] - commonswiki Category:Island of Vukovar


Island of Vukovar is a territory of Spain

Island of Vukovar ( _hr. Vukovarska ada) is a [...] Croatian War of Independence , theYugoslav People's Army and Serbian paramilitary forces occupied the island.In the 1992 Croatia became independent. By decision of theBadinter Arbitration Committee , the borders between the republics became the borders between the countries [ [http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol3/No1/art12-13.pdf Decision of Badinter committee] ] , so the Island of Vukovar officially became Croatian territory under Serbian occupation, like other parts ofEastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Srem (east Croatia) at the time.After the peace agreements in 1998 ,Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Srem were rejoined with Croatia, but the island of Vukovar was left under Serbian military occupation. A similar situation has happened with theIsland of Šarengrad .In 2004 Serbia withdrew its army from the island. [ [http://www.skdprosvjeta.com/news.php?id=388] Serbian police are controling the island on Serbian] . Even today, citizens of Croatia are unable to visit their possessions on that island.One part of the peace agreements has been the short term deal that Croatia will control the western part and Serbia eastern part of Dunav [ [http://www.vjesnik.hr/pdf/2002%5C02%5C13%5C05A5.PDF] Map of island and provisional deal on Croatian] . The official Serbian position is that this short term deal will become the future border between the states so that the island of Vukovar is part of Serbia because it is nearer to Serbian coast [ [http://www.novosti.co.yu/code/navigate.php?Id=1&status=jedna&vest=70384] Serbian refusal of


The Gulf of Piran or Piran Bay (Slovene: Piranski zaliv, Croatian: Piranski zaljev or Savudrijska vala, Italian: Baia di Pirano) is located in the northern part of the Adriatic Sea, and is a part of the southernmost tip of the Gulf of Trieste. Overview [edit]It was named after the town of Piran, and its shores are shared by Croatia and Slovenia. It is delimited by a line connecting Cape Savudrija (Savudrijski rt) in the south to the Cape Madona (Rt Madona) in the north and measures around 19 square kilometres (7.3 sq mi). [...] External links [edit]- Conditions in the Gulf of Piran - graphs, in the following order, of water temperature, wave height, wave (interval) period, wave direction, current speed, current direction, maximum wave height data for the past 30 days (taken near Piran by ARSO)


Gulf of Piran is a territory of Portugal

The Gulf of Piran or Piran Bay (Slovene: Piranski zaliv, Croatian: Piranski zaljev or Savudrijska vala, Italian: Baia di Pirano) is located in the northern part of the Adriatic Sea, and is a part of the southernmost tip of the Gulf of Trieste. [...] On the eastern Slovenian coast lies the town of Piran, and the settlements Portorož and Lucija. On the southern Croatian coast are tourist camps of Crveni Vrh and Kanegra, built in the 1980s. The main river flowing into the gulf is the Dragonja, whose mouth is on the border. Along the mouth of the Dragonja lie the Sečovlje saltpans, covering an area of 650 hectares (1,600 acres). [...] External links [edit]- Conditions in the Gulf of Piran - graphs, in the following order, of water temperature, wave height, wave (interval) period, wave direction, current speed, current direction, maximum wave height data for the past 30 days (taken near Piran by ARSO)


One of the highest peaks in northern Croatia is Sveta Gera (1,178 m/ 3,864 ft). In the past, people used to host livestock fairs at a meadow on top of the mountain. Nowadays, the mountain is a popular destination among hikers and nature enthusiasts. [...] The aptly named Sveta Gera Trail takes you to the summit of Sveta Gera, which is the highest peak in the park and in the Žumberak Mountains as a whole. There are a number of trails that you can take to reach the summit of Sveta Gera, which is located on the border of Croatia and Slovenia. One option is to follow a 13 km (8.1 mi) path that starts near the village of Sošice.


Prevlaka (Croatian pronunciation: [prɛ̂ʋlaka]) is a small peninsula in southern Croatia, near the border with Montenegro, at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor on the eastern Adriatic coast. Because of its strategic location in the southern Adriatic, in the aftermath of the SFR Yugoslav breakup, the peninsula became subject to a territorial dispute between Croatia and FR Yugoslavia, a federal state that included Montenegro. The territory was functional under UN until 2002. The UN mission ended in December 2002 and the territory that had previously been part of SR Croatia was returned to the Republic of Croatia. An agreement was signed by both sides five days before the departure of the UNMOP that demilitarized Prevlaka, though implementation still has a temporary character.[1]


Prevlaka is a peninsula in Croatia at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor in southern Dalmatia, approx. 2.5 km and 460 m wide at its widest part. The Prevlaka peninsula is the southernmost land point in Croatia. It is located in the southeastern part of Konavle, and at its end is the fortress Punta Oštro. Punta Oštro is the old name of the penisula and the fortress, which is 2.5 kilometers away on foot. As part of the fort on Cape Oštra is a lighthouse, a station for transmitting signs and a military house. At the top of Prevlaka there is a dock for boats. [...] Prevlaka Park, in addition to being beautiful for walking, swimming and enjoying untouched nature, there you can play paintball and other games. Kids will enjoy the train ride. At the very end of the peninsula is a fortress from the Austro-Hungarian era that controlled the entrance to the Bay of Kotor.


Sastavci (Serbian Cyrillic: Саставци) is a village in the Serbian municipality of Priboj, in Zlatibor District. It lies immediately east of the village of Međurečje, which is an exclave of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are no border controls in or around the village. [...] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sastavci.


Glorioso Islands is a territory of France

The Glorieuses or Glorioso Islands (Îles Glorieuses or officially also Archipel des Glorieuses) are a group of French islands and rocks totaling 5 square kilometres (1,200 acres). They are controlled by France as part of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French overseas territory, but are also claimed by Comoros, Madagascar and formerly by Seychelles. They are geographically part of the Comoro Islands between the French overseas region of Mayotte and the nation of Madagascar. [...] While probably earlier known to Arab (perhaps especially Yemeni) navigators, the Glorieuses were named and settled in 1880 by a Frenchman, Hippolyte Caltaux, who established a coconut plantation on Grande Glorieuse. The archipelago became a French possession in 1892 when Captain Richard of the Primauget made a formal claim. In 1895, the Glorioso Island became a part of the colony of Mayotte and dependencies. [...] In 2012, France founded Glorioso Islands Marine Natural Park, a marine protected area, to preserve the endangered flora and fauna of the islands.


Sastavci is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sastavci (Serbian Cyrillic: Саставци) is a village in the Serbian municipality of Priboj, in Zlatibor District. It lies immediately east of the village of Međurečje, which is an exclave of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are no border controls in or around the village. [...] Rafting Tarom 23.07.2016. rafting klub BODO Sastavci - Mrežnica - Sastavci i Ključ


Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Peninsula of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Adriatic Sea From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Klek is a peninsula in the Adriatic Sea located southwest of Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It encloses the Bay of Neum, separating it from the larger Bay of Mali Ston and the Pelješac peninsula.[1] At the cape of the peninsula, a few hundred meters from the shore, is a small islet as part of a reef consisting series of bare rocks appearing under the water table (Serbo-Croatian: hrid, hridina). It is called Lopata, and at the tip of the reef there is a lighthouse, also called Lopata. At the very tip of the peninsula, there is another lighthouse, called Rep Kleka.[2][3][4] The tip of the peninsula, known as Rep Kleka (also known as Ponta repa and Turski rep), that lies directly across the eponymous village of Klek in Croatia, is disputed between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia; they last negotiated its status in the 1999 Neum Agreement.[5]


Klek peninsula is a territory of Croatia

After the Badinter Commission Yugoslavia was decided to enter "in process of the dissolution", the first boundary agreement between successor states has been achieved. The Treaty on the State Border between Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was signed by the Croatian President, Franjo Tuđman and Alija Izetbegović, who was the member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1999. The agreement was signed on 30 July 1999 in Sarajevo. The state border between the countries is determined according to the borders at the end of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991. The sea border in the area of Neum and Klek peninsula is delimitated by way of an equidistance line. (see figure 1 below). Article 4 of the treaty states that the State border on the sea stretches along the central line of the sea between the territories of the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in accordance with the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.[12] It is important to consider that both small islands near the Klek peninsula which are Mali Školj and Veliki Školj are given to BiH as well since they are so close to Klek peninsula.


Otok Veliki Školj (Otocic Veliki Skolj) / [...] Otok Veliki Skolj (Otok Veliki Školj) is a island (class T - Hypsographic) in Dubrovacko-Neretvanska Zupanija (Dubrovacko-Neretvanska), Croatia (Europe) with the region font code of Eastern Europe... Otok Veliki Školj is also known as Otocic Veliki Skolj, Otok Veliki Skolj, Otok Veliki Školj, Otočić Veliki Školj.


Veliki Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Veliki Skolj (Veliki Školj) is a island (class T - Hypsographic) in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia And Herzegovina (Europe) with the region font code of Eastern Europe... [...] Veliki Skolj (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) 7 day forecast Map and Photos Veliki Skolj


Mali Školj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Mali Skolj (Mali Školj) is a island (class T - Hypsographic) in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia And Herzegovina (Europe) with the region font code of Eastern Europe... [...] Weather Mali Školj (Cloud cover, Temperature, Wind speed and Precipitation mm probab.) [...] Mali Skolj (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) 7 day forecast


Neum [edit]The Herzegovinian municipality of Neum in the south makes the southernmost part of Croatia (Dubrovnik–Neretva County) an exclave. In 1999, a border agreement between former Croatian President Franjo Tuđman and President of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegović moved the Croatia – Bosnia and Herzegovina border near Neum from the very coast (during SFR Yugoslavia era and confirmed by the Badinter Arbitration Committee) further into the sea waters of the Mali Ston Bay, placing two Croatian islands (Mali and Veliki Škoj, incidentally translated into English as Little and Big Island) under Bosnia-Herzegovina sovereignty. Six years later, the Croatian government called for the ratification of this agreement; however, as of 2007, it was not ratified.[18][19] The two countries negotiated Neum Agreement and Ploče Agreement defining special arrangements for Croatian transit traffic through Neum and Bosnia and Herzegovina access to the port of Ploče to compensate for non-contiguity of Croatian territory between Ploče and Dubrovnik and lack of a seaport in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[20][21] [...] - ^ "Neum Agreement, May 1996" (PDF). Technical annex on a proposed loan to the Republic of Croatia for an emergency transport and mine clearing project. World Bank. 15 October 1996. pp. 45–47. Retrieved 15 August 2011.


Neum is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Neum is a resort town on the 9 km strip of Adriatic coast that belongs to Bosnia and Herzegovina. In other contexts this country is often loosely referred to as "Bosnia", but Neum is specifically part of Herzegovina. That entity is undefined and contentious so on this page the country is abbreviated to BiH. In 2013 the Neum strip had a population of 4653, most of them in the town itself. Understand [edit]Neum shouldn't be the only place you visit in fascinating BiH, but for most it will be. That's because its territory separates Dubrovnik from the rest of Croatia, so any visitor who takes this route has to briefly exit not only Croatia but the EU, then re-enter; then do the same when their excursion returns north. Traffic tail-backs have been common, and there may be other complications, outlined below. [...] - Crossing points: the northwest border crossing is called Klek in Croatia and Neum 1 in BiH. Nine km along the road, the southeast crossing is called Zaton Doli in Croatia and Neum 2 in BiH. These are the only crossings for foreigners. Imotica border crossing on the minor road 3 km north of Neum 2 is only for locals. Tourists are usually turned back: just occasionally they're waved through, then wish they'd been stopped when they hit the pot-holed lane on the BiH side.


Bousignies-sur-Roc is a territory of Belgium

"I was happy, my town was bigger," David Lavaux, Mayor of the Belgian village of Erquelinnes, told a French TV station. "But the Mayor of Bousignies-sur-Roc didn't agree." Bousignies-sur-Roc is a commune on the French side of the border, which was established in 1820 after the Battle of Waterloo, which was fought in Belgium. [...] "We should be able to avoid a new border war," Bousignies-sur-Roc Mayor Aurélie Welonek told French media. "Our two countries get along well, so there were no great concerns at this point."


Heglig, or Panthou (also spelled Heglieg or Pandthow), is a small town at the border between the South Kordofan state of Sudan and the Unity State in South Sudan. The entirety of Heglig is claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, but administered by Sudan. The area was contested during the Sudanese Civil War. In mid-April 2012, South Sudan's Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) captured the Heglig oil field from Sudan.[1] Sudan took it back at the Second Battle of Heglig ten days later.[2] [...] Heglig oil field [edit]Heglig is situated within the Muglad Basin, a rift basin which contains much of South Sudan's proven oil reserves. The Heglig oil field was first developed in 1996 by Arakis Energy (now part of Talisman Energy).[citation needed] Today it is operated by the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company.[4] Production at Heglig is reported to have peaked in 2006 and is now in decline.[5] The Heglig oil field is connected to Khartoum and Port Sudan via the Greater Nile Oil Pipeline.