Shipki La is a territory of People's Republic of China

Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post on the India-Tibet border. It is located in Kinnaur district in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India, and Tibet Autonomous Region in People’s Republic of China. Sutlej river enters India (from Tibet) through this pass. It is an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road. It is a border post for trade with China. The Shipki La pass is third Indian border post for business and trade with Tibetian people after the border post of Nathu La located in Sikkim, and the Lipulekh border post in Uttarakhand state of India. Shipki La pass is located very close to the village of Khab. Trade on the Shipki La Pass was re-established in 1993 after being shut in 1962 after Chinese attack. Trade has also been badly affected by flash floods. At present this border post Shipki is used mainly for the small-scale local trade just across the border. The Special Permit is given only to the local traders to go to Shipki La Pass to do cross border trade and Shipki La Pass is one of the three main Passes between India and China. This boarder is no more remained opened for nonresident people. In recent time travelers preferring to visit Tibet via land follow the route through Nepal. From year (2010), the Border Roads Organization (BRO) has been constructing a drivable way from the Indian side to join the tall pass.


Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post with a dozen buildings of significant size on the India-China border. The river Sutlej, which is called Langqên Zangbo in Tibet, enters India (from Tibet) near this pass.[1] A spur road on the Indian side rises to an altitude of 4,720 metres (15,490 ft) four km southwest of Shipki La. [...] The road from Tyak to Shipki is very dangerous and precipitous, sometimes consisting of a rather insecure scaffolding on the face of the cliff, hundreds of feet above the roaring torrent, and is suitable only for porters or goats as the path is often cut into the cliff and one has to bend double to proceed. After 4 miles there is a small village called Korang, and the Sutlej is crossed by bridge, the first since Toling. A mile farther on is Kiuk and, 3 miles past that, Shipki. ... The next day we found that it [our camp] was the other side of the village, and we passed it on our way to the Shipki La. This is the border village and there is a lumbardar (headman) here who speaks Urdu and can be very helpful. The Shipki La is 13,420 feet and is the border between Tibet and Bashahr State. As far as I know it is the lowest pass through the Himalaya and is open for a large part of the year: On the pass I rested and looked back to Tibet, just turning golden-brown in the morning sun.


Shipki La is a mountain pass with 3930 meters of elevation. It is also the border post between India and China. Indian portion of this pass comes under Kinnaur region of Himachal Pradesh and China occupies the pass in Ngari Prefecture in Tibet. River Sutlej, also called Langqen Zangbo in Tibet, enters India near this pass. Shipki La pass is one of the border posts of India for trade with China along with Nathu La pass in Sikkim and Lipulekh in Uttarakhand. Shipki La pass is located near the Khab village of Himachal Pradesh. The road at the Shipki La pass is an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road. Currently, the road is mainly used for local trade of small scale across the border. The opening of the border at the Shipki La pass is considered to be potential enough to increase trade on the both sides of the border. Visiting Information to Shipki La Pass


Shipki La is a territory of Republic of China

After two years of trade suspension between India and China through the mountain passes connecting the two countries, primarily due to the Covid pandemic, the Himachal Pradesh government has sought clearance from the Union ministry to resume the business through Shipki La pass in the tribal Kinnaur district. [...] The bilateral trade through Shipki La pass reopened in 1993 after it was shut due to the Indo-China war in 1962. Shipki La is a mountain pass that connects the Kinnaur district to the Tibetan Autonomous Region in China.


Barahoti (Bara Hoti, Hoti Plain), also called Wu-Je or Wure (Chinese: 乌热; pinyin: Wū rè), is a 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2) sloping plain located in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, Chamoli district.[1] It is disputed by China, which also disputes a 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) area surrounding it.[2] The entire disputed area also goes by the name "Barahoti", or sometimes "Barahoti–Sangchamalla–Lapthal disputed area". The entire area is on the Ganges side of the Sutlej–Ganges water divide, which is also the current Line of Actual Control between India and China.[3] Barahoti was the first location in Indian territory claimed by China in 1954.[4] In 1960, China added Lapthal and Sangchamalla to the dispute and said that three places formed one composite area.[5]


Contestations along the Sino-Indian border are complex and deeply region-specific. When it comes to Barahoti the same understanding of where the border is has never been accepted by China, Tibet, or India. Barahoti is a grazing ground about 16,000 feet above sea-level, close to the Tun Jun La pass between India and Tibet. To date there is no agreement on the geographical location of Barahoti. India claims it lies two miles south of Tun Jun La, China say it is 12 km to the north of the pass (Mathur 2012). In the everyday functioning of the local state’s outpost, this zone is a forgotten space where herdsmen, primarily Bhotiyas (lit. of Tibet) still take their livestock for grazing as the seasons change. In addition, a small contingent of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) is stationed there.


Barahoti is a territory of People's Republic of China

Barahoti lies on the border with China in the Chamoli district of Uttrakhand, north of the Nanda Devi National Park. Back in July 2017, Chinese soldiers had transgressed into Barahoti twice during India's standoff with China in Bhutan's Doklam. An ITBP source had then told the Indian Express that, "On both occasions [on July 15 and July 25] about 15-20 Chinese soldiers transgressed into the territory at Barahoti that India and China lay claim upon. The soldiers stayed there for a while and returned."


Jadhang is a territory of Republic of China

The Nilang/Jadhang 'dispute' with Tibet Nilang/Jadhang is the third places ‘disputed’ by China in the Central Sector (going westward). [...] The Report of 1960 further noted: "In this sector the Chinese alignment are conformed for the most part to the traditional Indian alignment. Only in four areas did it diverge from the watershed to include certain pockets of Indian territory in China-the Spiti are (Chuva and Chuje), Shipki pass, the Nilang-Jadhang area (Sang and Tsungsha) and Barahoti (Wu-je) Sangchamalla and Lapthal. In this sector, therefore, it would be sufficient to prove the traditional and customary basis of the Indian alignment in these four areas."


Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China

The Jadhs of Jadhung (Jadh-Dung) The name Jadung seems to have come from Jadh (name of the tribe that inhabited the valley) and Dung (mountain). The British mapmakers have mentioned this place as Jadhang, but all local residents of Uttarkashi use the name Jadung (perhaps Jadh-Dung) for this village and valley. The pronunciation agrees well with the nomenclature. Agriculture, livestock and commerce drove economy of their villages of Jadh-Dung and Nelang2. The Jadh population3 is estimated at around 2500 today of which more than 60% are residents of the Kinnaur valley in Himachal and the rest in the villages of Harsil and Dunda in Uttarakhand. Although of predominantly Bhotia origins, the Jadh people have a strong Garhwali influence. Even though they have converted to Buddhism and changed their rituals during the time of Tibetan domination; the legend of King Janak and festivals like Pandav Lila4 continues to live on in the Jadh consciousness. [...] Due to some communication issue, the post-commander at Jadung had not been informed about our arrival through official channels. By about 8 in the evening the official hassles were sorted out. The day ended with a nice campfire in the farmlands of Jadung. The little solar-powered lights of the ITBP post shone at a distance across a little stream. The silhouettes of the ruins of the Jadung village around created an ambience that was surreal and ghostly.


Sang (Jadhang) is a small hilly village in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. A tributary of the Jadh Ganga, itself an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. Mana Pass and some of the nearby villages are Tirpani, Nelang and Pulam Sumda, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.[1] [...] The valley of the Jadh Ganga is claimed by China.[2]


Lapthal is a territory of Republic of China

Lapthal is located in the Pithoragarh district and Chamoli district of Uttarakahand, India.[1] Lapthal is historically part of India territory and currently controlled by India with some claim on the region by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. Origins of Lapthal [edit]The Lapthal Region, located in Pithoragarh District in the north-east of Uttarakhand, Himalayas, holds a fascinating geological history that traces back to the ancient Tethys Sea. During the Mesozoic Era, the Tethys Sea was a vast ocean separating the supercontinents of Gondwana and Laurasia. As tectonic movements gradually pushed these landmasses together, the Tethys Sea began to close, giving rise to the majestic Himalayas. Today, the Lapthal Region offers a rare glimpse into this bygone era, with marine fossils and sedimentary rock formations that once lay at the bottom of the Tethys Sea now visible on the surface. These geological remnants provide invaluable insights into the Earth's dynamic history and the processes that shaped the current Himalayan landscape. [2][3][4] [...] Presently, access to Lapthal is limited to trekking routes from Sumna in Chamoli or Munsiyari in Pithoragarh, although the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has plans to construct a new route from Sumna to Lapthal.


Address: Kafia Kingi (a territory on the border of Sudan and South Sudan whose final status has yet to be determined). [...] In April 2015, Salim departed Kafia Kingi to retrieve a shipment of tusks. In May, Salim participated in the transport of 20 pieces of ivory from DRC to Kafia Kingi. Around the same time, Ali met with the merchants to purchase supplies and to plan a future meeting to conduct additional transactions and to agree to terms of purchase on the LRA's behalf for what is assessed to be the ivory that Salim was escorting. [...] Address: a) Kafia Kingi (a territory on the border of Sudan and South Sudan whose final status has yet to be determined) b) Central African Republic


Again the Indian negotiators had to show that the traditional and customary boundary in this sector lay along the watershed range, "on which were the passes of Tsangchok La, Mana, Niti, Tunjun La, Balcha Dhura, Kungri Bingri, Darma and Lipulekh. Nilang, Jadhang and Pulamsumda were in Uttarkashi district (formerly Tehri-Garhwal State), Barahoti in Garhwal district and Sangchamalla and Lapthal in Almora district, in Uttar Pradesh State." [...] The road from Milam passes through Sangchamalla; and Lapthal is south of Sangchamalla; it meant that both places are in India. [...] The Report concluded that as far as Sangchamalla and Lapthal were concerned, the evidence submitted by India was conclusive: "The Gazetteer Map clearly showed the pasture grounds of Sangchamalla and Lapthal as the northern most parts of the Patti Malla Johar of the Almora District and Milam was the northernmost village in the Patti. It was, therefore, clear that Sangchamalla and Lapthal were included in the traditional boundaries of Milam. The revenue settlements for Milam and the census taken in the area had also included Sangchamalla and Lapthal. The area upto the border had been regularly visited by Indian officials."


Lapthal is a territory of People's Republic of China

At the 15th meeting at Beijing on July 18, 1960, while answering the question of the Indian side, the Chinese suddenly stated that Barahoti (Wu-je), Sangchamalla and Lapthal formed one composite area on the Chinese side of the alignment claimed by them, and there was no Indian territory wedged between these three pockets. [...] The Report continued: "In the winter of 1958, when according to usual practice, the Indian border check-posts retired south, Chinese patrols for the first time intruded into these two places; in 1959 the Chinese Government put forward a claim to these places; and now for the first time it was stated that Wu-je, Sangchamalla and Lapthal formed one composite area and the Chinese side claimed not merely these three places but also the territory lying between them, even though in the description given at an early stage of the meetings, Wu-je, Sangchamalla and Lapthal were specified as three separate places." [...] In any case Strachey had also said that "from Sangchamalla he had proceeded north towards the boundary of Tibet. Lapthal was to the south of Sangchamalla and, therefore, the evidence about Sangchamalla covered Lapthal."


Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China

Nelong Valley is located within Gangotri National Park, so the opening and closing times of the National Park also apply to the valley. The National Park opens in April, and tourist visits are allowed only after forest officials complete their reconnaissance. In April, the National Park is still covered with snow, as is Nelong Valley. The best time to visit the nelong valley is from May to June and mid-September to mid-October. [...] Nelong Valley is visited only during the daytime, so the temperatures mentioned here reflect daytime conditions. [...] Before the Sino-Indian War of 1962, Nelong and other villages were residences of the Jadh Bhotiya tribe. The Jadh of Kinnaur and Nelong had trade ties with Tibet, and people from here used to go to Tibet regularly for trade. However, due to the war, all the villages were evacuated by 1965, and the Jad community was settled in Bagori and Dunda.


Nelang or Nilang is a river valley of Himalayas, with a small eponymous village, in Uttarkashi District of Uttarakhand state of India. It is close to disputed Sino-India Line of Actual Control (LAC), hence also claimed by China as part of Zanda County of Ngari Prefecture of Tibet. [...] Jadh Ganga, an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through a narrow gorge flanked by steep cliffs. The gorge is called Jadh Ganga valley, and part of this valley near Nelang is called Nelang Valley. [...] Nelang and Jadhang villages are inhabited by the Char Bhutia tribe who practice Buddhism. During the 1962 Sino-Indian War, India evacuated these villages.


Nelang is a territory of Republic of China

Nelang Valley: Mountain Desert and a Blue River [...] At an altitude of 11,600 feet, located 45 kilometres from the Indo-China border in Gangotri National Park is a cold mountain desert called Nelang. The etymology of the word Nelang suggests that it means the ‘place of blue stones’. It was once an important centre for trade with Tibet. [...] The women of this tribe were good weavers of carpets, blankets and woollen clothes. Jadh Bhotia tribesmen would travel to the Tibetan plateau for trade through the Nelang and Jadung Valleys. Traded goods included livestock such as yak, sheep and goats and products made out of their wool and skin.


Pulam Sumda is a small hilly village which lies in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India. Pulam Sumda is a part of Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. Jadh Ganga, an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. Some of the nearby villages are Jadhang (Sang) and Nelang, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.[1][2] See Geography of Dhumku, Nelang, Pulam Sumda, Sumla and Mana Pass area and Geography of Mana.


Pulam Sumda is a small hilly village which lies in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India. Pulam Sumda is a part of Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China.[1] The Jadh Ganga, an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. Some of the nearby villages are Jadhang, Sang and Nelang, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.[2][3] Geography [edit]See Geography of Dhumku, Nelang, Pulam Sumda, Sumla and Mana Pass area and Geography of Mana.


The Sangh Parivar, a network of organizations articulated around the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS – National Volunteer Corps), has become over the years a global movement propagating a Hindu nationalist agenda. As such, it links and imbricates transnationalism and nationalism. Hindu nationalism is an exclusive form of ethnoreligious nationalism which thrived in the first years of the twentieth century in reaction to the ‘threat’ theWest (Christian missionaries as well as British colonizers) and the Muslim minority (allegedly related to a pan-Islamic movement rooted in the Middle East) were according to its leaders posing to the Hindus. It was and still is very much linked to the soil of India and is not naturally inclined to overflow India’s borders. Its deep-seated ethnoreligious nature coincides with a people and a civilization. It is indissociable from a territory, the ‘sacred’ land of ‘eternal’ India. However, over the years, the Sangh Parivar developed the idea of a global Hinduism that transcends the physical frontiers of India and reaches out to the diaspora, thus operating a shift from an ethnoterritorial to a more purely ethnic base – a development related to the growth of the Hindu diaspora. An RSS pamphlet significantly entitled RSS: Widening Horizons can thus boast that ‘the Sangh’s sphere of influence has been spreading far and wide, not only inside Bharat [India] but also abroad, like the radiance of a many splendoured diamond’.1


Sipilou Department is a department of Tonkpi Region in Montagnes District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 73,109 and its seat is the settlement of Sipilou. The sub-prefectures of the department are Sipilou and Yorodougou. History [edit]Sipilou Department was created in 2012 by dividing Biankouma Department.[3][4] [...] - ^ "Le décret n° 2012-611 du 04 juillet 2012 portant création des Départements de Djékanou, Sipilou, Kong, Gbéléban, Taabo, Kouassi-Kouassikro, Méagui, Séguélon, Buyo, M'Bengué, Facobly et Dianra".


Second, because Beijing has failed to put forth a lawful, coherent maritime claim in the South China Sea, the United States rejects any PRC claim to waters beyond a 12 nautical mile territorial sea derived from islands it claims in the Spratly Islands. This means that the United States rejects any PRC maritime claim in the waters surrounding Vanguard Bank (off Vietnam), Luconia Shoals (off Malaysia), Natuna Besar (off Indonesia), or in the waters of Brunei’s EEZ. Any PRC action to harass other states’ fishing or hydrocarbon development — or to unilaterally carry out such activities on its own – is unlawful. Period. Third, the PRC has no lawful territorial or maritime claim to James Shoal, off Malaysia. This one deserves a moment of study. James Shoal is a submerged feature on the sea floor some 20 meters beneath the surface. It is also only 50 nautical miles from Malaysia – and over 1,000 nautical miles from the Chinese mainland. Yet Beijing claims it as the "southernmost point of China"! The claim is absurd – appearing to derive from an erroneous old British atlas and a subsequent translation error, suggesting the underwater shoal was actually a sandbank above the waves. But it isn’t. And yet Beijing’s propaganda touts James Shoal as PRC territory and PLA Navy ships deploy there to stage ostentatious oath-swearing ceremonies. International law is clear: An underwater feature gives no rights. James Shoal is not and never was Chinese territory, nor can Beijing assert any lawful maritime rights from such spurious claims.


James Shoal is a territory of Republic of China

James Shoal is a small bank in the South China Sea, lying under the water at a depth of 22 meters (72 feet). It is located about 80 km (50 mi) from the Malaysian coast and about 1,800 km from the Chinese mainland. Both the PRC and ROC officially claim the shoal as the southernmost feature of China. Malaysia also claims the shoal. As the bank is under the water, there is no way to erect a sovereignty stele. On April 20, 2010, however, the Chinese Marine Surveillance Ship-83 came to the water around the shoal. Several officers of the ship threw a sovereignty stele into the water. The stele is a big and heavy marble engraving with the Chinese characters Zhongguo (China). Another report from 2013 tells the story of Chinese naval officers and soldiers participating in an oath-taking ceremony on waters off Zengmu Ansha, pledging to safeguard China’s territorial integrity and marine interests.


James Shoal is a territory of People's Republic of China

The PRC cannot lawfully assert a maritime claim â including any Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) claims derived from Scarborough Reef and the Spratly Islands â vis-a-vis the Philippines in areas that the Tribunal found to be in the Philippinesâ EEZ or on its continental shelf. Beijingâs harassment of Philippine fisheries and offshore energy development within those areas is unlawful, as are any unilateral PRC actions to exploit those resources. In line with the Tribunalâs legally binding decision, the PRC has no lawful territorial or maritime claim to Mischief Reef or Second Thomas Shoal, both of which fall fully under the Philippinesâ sovereign rights and jurisdiction, nor does Beijing have any territorial or maritime claims generated from these features. [...] The PRC has no lawful territorial or maritime claim to (or derived from) James Shoal, an entirely submerged feature only 50 nautical miles from Malaysia and some 1,000 nautical miles from Chinaâs coast. James Shoal is often cited in PRC propaganda as the âsouthernmost territory of China.â International law is clear: An underwater feature likeÂ James Shoal cannot be claimed by any state and is incapable of generating maritime zones. James Shoal (roughly 20 meters below the surface) is not and never was PRC territory, nor can Beijing assert any lawful maritime rights from it.


Macclesfield Bank is a territory of Philippines

The Philippines on Wednesday protested China’s move placing virtually the entire West Philippine Sea (South China Sea), including the Philippine territory of Macclesfield Bank and its surrounding waters, under the jurisdiction of a newly created city. [...] Macclesfield Bank is a huge underwater group of reefs and shoals located east of the Paracel Islands, southwest of the Pratas Islands and north of the Spratly Islands in the center of the West Philippine Sea. The Philippines claims Macclesfield Bank and administers it through the provincial government of Zambales. It is one of the largest atolls in the world, covering an area of 6,500 square kilometers, and is surrounded by excellent fishing waters.


Macclesfield Bank is a territory of People's Republic of China

The so-called nine-, ten-, but also eleven-dash lines indicate the area that China considers it has sovereignty over. In 2009, the Chinese government circulated a nine-dash map through a set of notes verbales to the United Nations, taking inspiration from an eleven-dash line map published by the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China in 1947. This map, in turn, was seen to follow a map published by the Republic of China’s Land and Water Maps Inspection Committee in 1935. In these maps, the geographical extent of the area claimed by Beijing includes the islands, banks and shoals as well as the surrounding waters of the Paracels, the Spratlys, Scarborough Shoal and Macclesfield Bank, and the Pratas – known in China as the Xisha, Nansha, Zongsha and Dongsha archipelagos respectively – all the way down to James Shoal – also known as Zengmu Ansha reef – as its southernmost tip, 1,800 miles away from mainland China. [...] Macclesfield Bank is an elongated sunken atoll of underwater reefs and shoals. It lies east of the Paracel Islands, southwest of the Pratas Islands and north of the Spratly Islands. Its length exceeds 130 km southwest-northeast, with a maximal width of more than 70 km. With an ocean area of 6,448 km2 within the outer rim of the reef, although completely submerged without any emergent cays or islets, it is one of the largest atolls of the world. Macclesfield Bank is claimed, in whole or in part, by China and Taiwan.


Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China

"Mainland China", also referred to as "the Chinese mainland", is a geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addition to the geographical mainland, the geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as Hainan, Chongming, and Zhoushan. By convention, territories outside of mainland China include:


Mainland China is a territory of Republic of China

"Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC and other territories within Greater China. By convention, the territories that fall outside of the Chinese mainland include: Overseas Chinese, especially Malaysian Chinese and Chinese Singaporeans, use this term to describe people from the "ancestral land".


Hainan is a territory of People's Republic of China

Hainan is a southern province in the People's Republic of China. It is considered the smallest province in the country, and it is made up of different islands in the South China Sea. The largest island is called Hainan Island, and it is responsible for more than 97 percent of the landmass included in the province. The entire province itself is approximately 13,100 square miles, and Hainan Island measures more than 12,700 square miles. The rest of the province is made up of different islands and archipelagos scattered throughout the South China Sea. For many years, the region was considered to be a part of the Guangdong Province, but it was separated from Guangdong in 1988. It has been estimated that approximately ten million people live in Hainan, with the overwhelming majority of them living on Hainan Island. There are indigenous peoples that have lived on the island for thousands of years, and they speak of variety of Hlai languages. The Hlai are recognized as a major ethnic group by the Chinese government, but the majority of people who live in Haian today are Han Chinese, who speak a variety of Chinese languages. They include Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, and Hakka Chinese.


Sipilou is a town in the Tonkpi Region in the Mountain District. It is a border town located in the West of Côte d'Ivoire, 6 km from Guinea, 65 km from the Department of Biankouman and 700 km from Abidjan. [...] Sipilou has an area of 8700 ha. The people of Sipilou of the Yacouba ethnic group belong to the Dan group. They are said to have come from neighbouring Guinea and Liberia. The authentic name of Sipilou is Sikpipleu in the Yacouba language, which means "the village of Sikpi" who was the founder. By transformation Sikpipleu becomes Sipilou. This locality was conquered by the emperor Samory Touré and his Sofa from Guinea. Samory Touré spent several months there, creating an inter-ethnic mix between the inhabitants of Guinea and those of Sipilou. Some of the Yacouba of Sipilou have relatives in Guinea known by the ethnic name Cônon.


Hainan is a territory of Republic of China

Hainan is a provincial administrative region at the southernmost end of the People’s Republic of China. To the north, it is bounded by the Qiongzhou Strait and Guangdong Province and to the west, it faces the Beibu Gulf and faces Vietnam. To the east, it faces the South China Sea and Taiwan Province. To the southeast and south, it faces the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia and other countries in the South China Sea. As an island surrounded by the sea on all sides, it is a typical island economy. The unique geographical location makes it difficult to carry out smuggling activities, which gives Hainan an advantageous location and conditions to build an FTP (Meng, 2023). [...] Hainan is in the middle of China and southeast Asia, two major active economic belts, and is an important hub of the maritime Silk Road of ‘the Belt and Road’ initiative (Yu, 2024). Backed by the Chinese mainland market, with unique geographical advantages, it is a natural offshore environment in which to carry out cross-border trade and promote international economic and trade cooperation.


Heixiazi is a territory of People's Republic of China

Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island, or Heixiazi Island, is a sedimentary island at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur rivers. It is divided between the People's Republic of China and Russia. It has an area of about 327 to 350 km2 and is bounded closely by Yinlong Island, and over ninety islets. Its position at the confluence of the Amur and the Ussuri and right next to the major Russian city of Khabarovsk, has given it great strategic importance.


In the days after the PRC’s release of its 2023 map, Russia rejected Beijing’s claim to all of Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island, reported Newsweek magazine. The island, known as Heixiazi, or Black Bear, in Chinese, sits at the confluence of two border rivers, the Ussuri and Amur. After more than a century of territorial dispute, Russia ceded roughly half of the island to the PRC in 2008. Moscow also abandoned its army base there and handed over nearby Tarabarov Island. The PRC agreed in return not to claim more territory from Russia, according to Newsweek.


Heixiazi is a territory of Republic of China

Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island (Russian: о́стров Большо́й Уссури́йский), or Heixiazi Island (simplified Chinese: 黑瞎子岛; traditional Chinese: 黑瞎子島; pinyin: Hēixiāzi Dǎo), is a sedimentary island at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur rivers. It is divided between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Russia. It has an area of about 327 to 350 km² and is bounded closely by Yinlong Island (Tarabarov Island), and over ninety islets (in Chinese, Heixiazi may refer only to the large island or to the island group collectively). Its position at the confluence of the Amur and the Ussuri and right next to the major Russian city of Khabarovsk, has given it great strategic importance. Contents - Joint development plan of heixiazi island by china and russia - Map of Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island Jiamusi Heilongjiang Russia 680502 - History - Geography - Agreement between Russia and Peoples Republic of China - Controversy - References [...] The government of the Republic of China on Taiwan (ROC) has never recognized border treaties signed by the PRC with other countries. Therefore, the ROC still formally claims all parts of the Heixiazi Islands.


Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Republic of China

The new map also portrayed Bolshoy Ussuriysky, known in China as Heixiazi (Black Bear) Island, as entirely within Chinese territory. The island, which sits at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur rivers, has been jointly owned since the two neighbors reached a border agreement in 2008.


Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of People's Republic of China

Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, or Heixiazi, sits at the confluence of two border rivers, and ownership is legally shared between the two countries. China's official map paints the entire 135-square mile piece of strategic land into its easternmost territory. [...] Jeff Liu, a spokesperson for Taiwan's Foreign Mionistry, told reporters on Wednesday that "the People's Republic of China has never ruled Taiwan. That is the fact and the status quo universally recognized by the international community." [...] The territorial dispute, which Taipei now rarely engages in due to warming ties with Tokyo, flared up a decade ago when the Japanese government nationalized the islands. Since then, China's largest maritime law enforcement ships—some equipped with autocannons—have staked Beijing's claim to the islets by circling them on a near-daily basis, often anchoring in their territorial waters for days.


Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia

In August 2023, China’s Ministry of Natural Resources released a new edition of its "standard map." According to defenseanalysts, it showed Bolshoy Ussuriysky, the Russian part of the island, as Chinese territory. Moscow’s response came three days later. "The Russian and Chinese sides adhere to the common position that the border issue between our countries has been finally resolved," Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said in a statement. [...] Heixiazi/Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island has been a source of Chinese-Russian tension dating back to the 1858 Treaty of Aigun, under which Russia vastly expanded its Far Eastern territories at China’s expense. From the Chinese perspective, the Aigun pact is counted among the humiliating "unequal treaties" that the imperial government at the time was compelled to sign, granting technologically superior Western powers, including Britain, the United States, France, and Russia, broad economic and territorial concessions. [...] The case of Bolshoy Ussuriysky is more complex than it seems. "The island is, in some ways, a strategic beachhead because it gives greater access to Khabarovsk," Wishnick said. That city is the headquarters of the Eastern Military District, and an aviation regiment of the Russian Aerospace Forces is based there.


Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China

China pledged to preserve much of what makes Hong Kong unique when the former British colony was handed over in 1997. Beijing said it would give Hong Kong fifty years to keep its capitalist system and enjoy many freedoms not found in mainland Chinese cities. [...] Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People’s Republic of China that has, until recently, largely been free to manage its own affairs based on "one country, two systems," a national unification policy developed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in the 1980s. The concept was intended to help integrate Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau with sovereign China while preserving their unique political and economic systems. After more than a century and a half of colonial rule, the British government returned Hong Kong in 1997. (Qing dynasty leaders ceded Hong Kong Island to the British Crown in 1842 after China’s defeat in the First Opium War, and Kowloon and the New Territories came under British rule shortly after.) Portugal returned Macau in 1999, and Taiwan remains independent. The Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984 dictated the terms under which Hong Kong was returned to China. The declaration and Hong Kong’s Basic Law, the city’s constitutional document that Beijing enacted in accord with the declaration, enshrined the city’s "capitalist system and way of life" and granted it "a high degree of autonomy," including executive, legislative, and independent judicial powers for fifty years (until 2047).


Jiangxinpo (Chinese: 江心坡) was an area currently in Kachin State, Myanmar, located between the N'Mai and Mali Rivers, west of the Gaoligong Mountains of Yunnan, China. It was previously under the rule of the Qing dynasty of China. [...] It was disputed territory between China and Myanmar until 1961, when People's Republic of China (PRC) recognized Myanmar's sovereignty over it,[1] with the exception of Burma relinquishing small amount of that territory,[5] namely Hpimaw (Pianma) and adjacent Gawlam (Gulang) (古浪; Gǔlàng)[6] and Kangfang[1] (崗房; 岗房; Gǎngfáng)[7] to PRC, as part of Lushui county. Some Chinese commentators, especially those media in ROC (Taiwan)[1] and overseas which are outside the control of PRC government's censorship, criticized the PRC government for signing the agreement, which they regarded as guaranteeing the permanent loss of former Chinese territory to Myanmar.


The paper said southern Sudan officials on Wednesday met their Ugandan counterparts at Logoba, about 10 kilometers inside Uganda from the disputed border post of Jale, to protest the construction of a road and a border post allegedly inside Sudan. [...] "We also have our consultants in Kenya who came to Jale hills and told us that Uganda had encroached on our land by six miles at Logoba," Kenyi claimed.


Jiangxinpo is a territory of Republic of China

Jiangxinpo is located between the Xien Meikai River and Mailikai River in the Gaoligong Mountains of Yunnan, China, with an area of about 27,000 square kilometers, a length of about 300 kilometers, and a width of about 150 kilometers. The Jiangxinpo area specifically refers to most of the area north of Myitkyina, Myanmar. It starts from Zayu County, Tibet, China in the north, and ends at Jiangao Mountain in Myanmar in the south. According to the "Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Union of Myanmar Government" signed by Zhou Enlai and U Nu in 1960, The People's Republic of China gave up its territorial claim to Jiangxinpo and took back from Burma the Pianma, Gulang and Gangfang occupied by the British in 1913. On June 18, 1941, the Chinese and British governments exchanged notes, and the Banhong and Panlao tribal areas in Myanmar were assigned to China and became part of Chinese territory.


Kosovo is a territory of Republic of Kosovo

Kosovo (/ˈkɒsəvoʊ, ˈkoʊ-/; Albanian: Kosova or Kosovë, pronounced [kɔˈsɔva] or [kɔˈsɔvə]; Serbian Cyrillic: Косово, pronounced [kôsoʋo]), officially the Republic of Kosovo, is a partially recognised country located in Southeastern Europe. Until 2008, Kosovo was a part of Serbia. On 17 February 2008, Kosovo officially declared that it was an independent country. It has since gained diplomatic recognition as a sovereign state by 104 UN member states. [...] Geography [change | change source]Geographically defined in an area of 10,887 km2 (4,203 sq mi), Kosovo is landlocked in the center of the Balkans and bordered by the uncontested territory of Serbia to the north and east, North Macedonia to the southeast, Albania to the southwest and Montenegro to the west. [...] Politics [change | change source]Government [change | change source]Kosovo functions under a parliamentary republic. This means that the leader of the political party with the most seats in the Assembly becomes the Prime Minister (head of government).


Kula Kangri is a territory of Republic of China

Kula Kangri is a 7,538 metres (24,731 ft) mountain in the Himalayas range, in Tibet.[1] It is the 46th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Japanese climbers Itani, Sakamoto, Ozaki, and Ohtani, in 1986.[2][3] In the past, it was thought that Kula Kangri was partly in Bhutan. Later surveys show it as only in Tibet.[4] References [change | change source]- ↑ "Kula Kangri, China". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 23 May 2019. [...] - ↑ "Kula Kangri". Peakware.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 31 May 2019.


Kula Kangri 28°13'60" N 90°36'0" E 23:58 (BTT - UTC/GMT+6) Kula Kangri (Kula Kangri) is a mountain (class T - Hypsographic) in (Bhutan (general)), Bhutan (Asia) with the region font code of Asia/Pacific. [...] Map and Photos Kula Kangri


Haa District is a territory of Republic of China

Haa District 27°15′N 89°10′E / 27.250°N 89.167°E [...] The Haa District is a destination for tourists, offering scenery, cultural heritage, and outdoor activities.[citation needed] Attractions in the district include:[citation needed] The Haa District is known for its rich cultural heritage, including its various festivals, monasteries, and traditional architecture. Some of the prominent cultural attractions include:[citation needed]


Nestled in Bhutan’s western frontier, Haa district is a sacred haven steeped in the blessings of ancient saints, enveloped by majestic hills and mountains that stand as silent sentinels over its verdant valleys. Balancing high-altitude terrains with rich cultural traditions, Haa’s economy thrives on both tourism and traditional agriculture. Visitors to Haa are greeted with a warm embrace, offered an immersive holiday experience brimming with authenticity and vivacity. Haa’s cultural tapestry is vividly displayed through its vibrant festivals, traditional dances, and delectable cuisine, providing a holistic immersion into Bhutanese heritage. The Spring Haa Summer Festival, a highlight, offers a glimpse into the district’s nomadic past, preserving customs passed down through generations. For adventure seekers, Haa presents a playground of possibilities, with trekking routes meandering through pristine forests, alpine meadows, and remote villages. The iconic Nub Tshona Pata Trek promises awe-inspiring views of the Himalayas and unparalleled adventure. Embracing ecotourism principles, Haa prioritizes environmental conservation, offering activities like birdwatching, nature hikes, and sustainable agricultural tours. Through community-based initiatives, locals actively engage in hospitality services, enriching the tourist experience while fostering equitable economic growth. [...] Trans Bhutan Trail (Haa-Paro):


Haa District (Dzongkha: ཧཱ་; Wylie: Haa; alternative spellings include "Ha") is one of the 20 dzongkhag or districts comprising Bhutan. An alternative name for the district is "Hidden-Land Rice Valley."[2] It the second least-populated dzongkhag in the country after Gasa.[3] [...] Geography [edit]Haa District lies along the western border of Bhutan. To the northwest it is bounded by Tibet, to the southwest by Samtse District, to the southeast by Chukha District, and to the northeast by Paro District. Haa Dzongkhag covers a total area of 1905 sq km.[10] The southern part of the district covers some sub-tropical area. However, the district is largely a temperate alpine area. Its northern part is above the tree line.[6] [...] The Haa District is a destination for tourists, offering scenery, cultural heritage, and outdoor activities.[citation needed] Attractions in the district include:[citation needed]


Kutuzov Island is a territory of Republic of China

Kutuzov Island (Russian: остров Кутузов[1]) is the largest island along the Ussuri River.


The Logo people or Logoa (plural) are an ethnic group of Nilotic origin who live predominantly in the north-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as parts of western Uganda and southern South Sudan. [...] There are believed to be more than 200,000 people who identify as ethnically Logo of whom most live in the Congo's Faradje Territory, a remote region in Haut-Uélé Province, where they form the ethnic majority. Logo people also live in Watsa and Aba, both also in Haut-Uélé, and in Yei in South Sudan. [...] Historically, the Logoa were less powerful than the important Mangbetu and Azande ethnic groups in the same region. Originating in the Sudan, the Logoa were progressively pushed southwards into their current territories around Faradje by rival ethnic groups and especially expanding Azande influence in the 19th century. Their remote location within the Congo meant that they were however able to avoid becoming subject peoples.


Kutuzov was Russia’s sixth most senior general when Napoleon crossed the River Niemen into the Russian empire on June 24 1812. An aristocrat who had won a war and signed a peace with the Ottomans, he had been a war hero ever since he had survived being shot in the head, not once but twice (blinding him in one eye). This superb biography portrays Kutuzov as "charming, intelligent, calculating, artful" – but, crucially, not the author of the scorched earth retreat-and-wait strategy that was to rout Napoleon’s 600,000-strong army. [...] Kutuzov is hero-worshipped by Russians today, who at the millennium voted him the greatest Russian of the 19th century. Mikaberidze, who has worked extensively in the Russian, French and Lithuanian archives for this book, rightly considers him underappreciated in the West, despite Kutuzov’s doing more to break Napoleon even than the Duke of Wellington, Field Marshal Blücher of Prussia or the Austrian commander Karl von Schwarzenberg. [...] During the Second World War, Russian propaganda depicted Kutuzov as a proto-Stalin, the patriotic Russian genius crushing the invader with his strategic insights and never putting a foot wrong, a cult that Mikaberidze, who left Georgia in the 1990s and now teaches at Louisiana State University, dismantles deftly. Stalin instituted the military Order of Kutuzov during the Great Patriotic War, but Mikaberidze concludes Kutuzov "deserves better than either disparaging dismissal or hero worship".


Macau is a territory of People's Republic of China

Macau is a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. It was leased to Portugal in 1557 as a trading post in exchange for a symbolic annual rent of 500 tael. Despite remaining under Chinese sovereignty and authority, the Portuguese came to consider and administer Macau as a de facto colony. Following the signing of the Treaty of Nanking between China and Britain in 1842, and the signing of treaties between China and foreign powers during the 1860s, establishing the benefit of "the most favoured nation" for them, the Portuguese attempted to conclude a similar treaty in 1862, but the Chinese refused, owing to a misunderstanding over the sovereignty of Macau. In 1887 the Portuguese finally managed to secure an agreement from China that Macau was Portuguese territory.[1] In 1999 it was handed over to China. Macau was the last extant European territory in continental Asia. [...] Historical records show that Macao has been Chinese territory since long ago. When Qinshihuang (the first emperor of the Qin dynasty) unified China in 221 BC, Macao came under the jurisdiction of Panyu County, Nanhai Prefecture. Administratively, it was part of Dongguan Prefecture in the Jin dynasty (AD 266–420), then Nanhai County during the Sui dynasty (AD 581–618), and Dongguan County in the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907). In 1152, during the Southern Song dynasty, the Guangdong administration joined the coastal areas of Nanhai, Panyu, Xinhui and Dongguan Counties to establish Xiangshan County, thus bringing Macao under its jurisdiction.


Macau is a territory of Republic of China

Macau (traditional Chinese: 澳門 simplified Chinese: 澳门) is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. Located across the Pearl River estuary from Hong Kong, Macau was until 1999 an overseas territory of Portugal. One of the world's most densely populated spots, Macau generates more revenue from gambling than anywhere else on the planet, including more than seven times the revenue generated by "The Strip" in Las Vegas. [...] Macau has a separate immigration regime from mainland China and Hong Kong. All travelers from mainland China and Hong Kong and all foreign countries have to go through immigration and customs checks on arrival in Macau. Therefore, if you want to reenter Mainland China from Macau, you will have to re-apply for another Chinese visa unless your existing one is a multiple entry visa. While Hong Kong and likewise Macau are officially part of the People's Republic of China, don't let this cause confusion, as they are still designated as SAR or Special Administrative Regions operating under their own immigration controls, currencies and autonomous governments. Furthermore, an entry permit to Hong Kong is not valid in Macau and vice versa. [...] Use caution with US carriers offering overseas plans, as Macau is considered a separate country from China or Hong Kong. Some plans, such as Verizon's TravelPass, do not include Macau.


Natuna Islands is a territory of Republic of China

At the moment four areas are involved in maritime boundary disputes in the South China Sea: the Spratly Islands, Scarborough Reef/Shoal, the Paracel Islands and Natuna Island. [...] On Nov. 12, 2015 China shocked the countries in the region by issuing a first-ever public statement on the Natuna Islands. According to Hong Lei, China’s Foreign Ministry spokesman, "The Indonesian side has no territorial claim to China’s [Spratly Islands]. The Chinese side has no objection to Indonesia’s sovereignty over the Natuna Islands." Although the Natuna Islands are outside of China’s self-designated "Nine-Dash-Line" that lays claim to virtually all of the South China Sea, Natuna’s 200-miles exclusive economic zone (EEZ) protrudes into the area defined by the Nine-Dash-Line. The Indonesian government does not currently recognize China’s so-called "Nine-Dash Line" (which overlaps with that EEZ) and so does not consider itself a claimant in any South China Sea-related maritime dispute. However, as the de facto leader and arbitrator among Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and with various member states locked in disputed territorial claims with Beijing, and with Chinese naval vessels penetrating Indonesian territorial waters around the Natuna Islands, Jakarta is essentially being forced to act. In October 2015, Bloomberg said that Indonesia is considering using drones and submarines to strengthen its grip over the gas-rich waters around the Natuna Islands in response to China’s growing military presence in the South China Sea.


Natuna Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China

There are fewer than 100,000 people on Natuna, most of them fisherman and farmers. [...] "Natuna is the furthermost island in Indonesia, and it's on our border in the South China Sea," said Bambang Hendratno, a senior military official in Natuna. [...] "Natuna Island is located up north in the South China Sea and the potential conflict zone where China's nine-dash line and Indonesia's exclusive economic zone off the coast of Natuna overlap," Iis Gindarsah, a defence researcher at the Centre of Strategic Studies in Jakarta tells me.


Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia

Every sovereign statemust have territory. Either land, sea and air. Likewise with the country of Indonesia, which consists of 2/3 parts of its territory, the ocean. With the sovereign rights in the maritime area, Indonesia has the right to its jurisdiction in the maritime area by continuing to approve international maritime law or territories known as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982. The Natuna Islands in Indonesia, which have international legality, are sovereign rights Indonesia. However, this situation has changed due to the presence of foreign vessels, namely Chinese ships that have entered the area several times without permission from the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) area. This had a major impact on the dispute between Indonesia and China. In this case, China itself claims that the territory it enters is the territory of its country inherited and controlled by its ancestors. As such, they claim the right to their natural resources. In this case, China decides and follows UNCLOS 1982. The method used in this study is normative jurisdiction, which is considered the main rule in disputes between countries. [...] TY - CONF AU - Yoyon Mulyana Darusman AU - Anisa Fauziah AU - Boru Dwi Sumarna PY - 2020 DA - 2020/12/14 TI - The Study of Natuna Island Dispute Between Indonesia and China, Based on UNCLOS 1982 BT - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Law, Government and Social Justice (ICOLGAS 2020) PB - Atlantis Press SP - 386 EP - 394 SN - 2352-5398 UR - https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.317 DO - 10.2991/assehr.k.201209.317 ID - Darusman2020 ER -


Ladakh ("land of high passes") is a Union Territory in northern India. It is located between the Karakoram mountain range in the north and the main Himalayas to the south. Ladakh is well-known for its remote mountain scenery. It is inhabited by Tibetan people and Small Indo aryan population.[7] Their language is an archaic dialect of the Tibetan language. It is sometimes called "Little Tibet", because it has been strongly influenced by Tibetan culture. Ladakh is one of the least populated regions in the area. [...] References [change | change source]- ↑ Ladakh has 59,146 km2 of area administered by India and 72,971 km2 of area controlled by Pakistan under Gilgit-Baltistan, which is claimed by India as part of Ladakh. Additionally, it has 5,180 km2 of area controlled by the People's Republic of China under Trans-Karakoram Tract and 37,555 km2 of area controlled by the People's Republic of China under Aksai Chin, which is claimed by India as part of Ladakh.


- Pakistan and China border dispute: Ladakh became a contested territory between the newly independent nations of India and Pakistan. In the early 1960’s a substantial area of eastern Ladakh was annexed by China. [...] - Rich in natural resources: Ladakh is situated within the upper reaches of the Indus watershed, which in total supports about 120 million people in India (in the states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab and Rajasthan) and about 93 million in the Pakistan province of the Punjab (literally, "Land of the Five Rivers"). [...] - Geostrategic location: The presence of resources is what makes India, China and Pakistan struggle over Ladakh, in order to gain control over resources in this region. Pakistan and China are in conflict with India over Siachen and Aksai chin in this region. Ladakh’s geostrategic significance has increased in the backdrop of these conflicts.


Outer Mongolia is a territory of Mongolia

Outer Mongolia[lower-alpha 1] was the name of a territory in the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China from 1691 to 1911. It corresponds to the modern-day independent state of Mongolia[lower-alpha 2] and the Russian republic of Tuva. The historical region gained de facto independence from Qing China during the Xinhai Revolution. [...] The name "Outer Mongolia" is contrasted with Inner Mongolia,[1] which corresponds to the region of Inner Mongolia in China. Inner Mongolia was given its name because it was more directly administered by the Qing court; Outer Mongolia (which is further from the capital Beijing) had a greater degree of autonomy within the Qing empire.[12] [...] Today, "Outer Mongolia" is sometimes still informally used to refer to the independent state of Mongolia. To avoid confusion between Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia, Chinese sources generally refer to the former as the "State of Mongolia" (Chinese: 蒙古国; pinyin: Měnggǔ Guó); that is, the translation of the official name in Mongolian, Монгол Улс/Mongol Uls, instead of just "Mongolia" (Chinese: 蒙古; pinyin: Měnggǔ), which could refer to the entire Mongolian region.


Outer Mongolia[a] was the name of a territory in the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China from 1691 to 1911. It corresponds to the modern-day independent state of Mongolia[b] and the Russian republic of Tuva. The historical region gained de facto independence from Qing China during the Xinhai Revolution. [...] Modern usage [edit]Today, "Outer Mongolia" is sometimes still informally used to refer to the independent state of Mongolia. To avoid confusion between Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia, Chinese sources generally refer to the former as the "State of Mongolia" (Chinese: 蒙古国; pinyin: Měnggǔ Guó); that is, the translation of the official name in Mongolian, Монгол Улс/Mongol Uls, instead of just "Mongolia" (Chinese: 蒙古; pinyin: Měnggǔ), which could refer to the entire Mongolian region. "Outer Mongolia" is also used sometimes used colloquially in the English language as a hyperbole to refer to a place that is very far away.


Outer Mongolia is a territory of Republic of China

At its establishment in 1912, the Republic of China claimed to be the successor state to the entirety of the Qing empire, which included Outer Mongolia. The Republic of China did not recognise Mongolia's independence until 1945; neither country exchanged diplomats between 1946 and 1949. At the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, Mongolia recognised the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China retreated to the island of Taiwan. The Republic of China continued to show Mongolia as part of its territory on official maps until 2002 when they recognised Mongolia as an independent country and established informal relations between the two sides. [...] The Republic of China that ruled mainland China at the time claimed Outer Mongolia as part of its territory until 1946. Under the terms of the 1945 Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, the Republic of China was to recognize both Mongolian sovereignty and independence.[5][6] The Nationalist government of China officially recognized the independence of Mongolia in January 1946 after the 1945 Mongolian independence referendum which voted for independence.[7] However, due to a border conflict on the Khovd/Sinkiang border, no diplomatic relations were established between 1946 and 1949.[8]


In recent years the district has stagnated in isolation as the Second Sudanese Civil War raged to the north and the insurgency of the Lord's Resistance Army made the direct road south to the national capital of Kampala perilous. The district has hosted a large number of Southern Sudanese refugees who fled the fighting in their country. The 2005 Sudanese peace agreement and reduced activities of the LRA have raised hopes that Moyo District will again become the prosperous transit area for cross-border trade that it once was. Moyo District is bordered by South Sudan to the north and east, Adjumani District to the south, across the waters of the White Nile, and Yumbe District to the west. The South Sudanese state of Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria form the northern border, and a road runs from Moyo to the town of Kajo Keji in Central Equatoria. The district headquarters at Moyo, are located approximately 455 kilometres (283 mi), by road, northwest of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city. The coordinates of the district are:03 39N, 31 43E (Latitude:3.6500; Longitude:31.7190).


Pamir Mountains is a territory of Tajikistan

Pamir Mountains [edit]Tajikistan is home to some of the highest mountains in the world, including the Pamir and Alay ranges. 93% of Tajikistan is mountainous with altitudes ranging from 300 m (980 ft) to almost 7,500 m (24,600 ft), and nearly 50% of Tajikistan's territory is above 3,000 m (9,800 ft). [...] The Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan lie in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province (GBAO) in the east half of the country. The northern border is formed by the Trans-Alay Range (Independence Peak 7,174 m (23,537 ft), Kyzylart Pass 4,280 m (14,040 ft)). The highest peak is Ismoil Somoni Peak (7,495 m (24,590 ft)) (formerly known as Stalin Peak and Communism Peak), on the north-western edge of GBAO. It lies between Ibn Sina Peak (7,134 m (23,406 ft)) (also known as Lenin Peak) on the border with Kyrgyzstan to the north and Peak Korzhenevskaya (7,105 m (23,310 ft)) in Academy of Sciences Range (6,785 m (22,260 ft)) further south. The southern border is formed by the northernmost ridges of the Karakoram Range, with Mayakovskiy Peak (6,096 m (20,000 ft)), Karl Marx Peak (6,726 m (22,067 ft)), Engels Peak (6,510 m (21,360 ft)), and Concord Peak (5,469 m (17,943 ft)) stretching west to east along the border to Afghanistan.


Pamir Mountains is a territory of Republic of China

In 2011, Tajikistan ratified a 1999 treaty to cede 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) of land in the Pamir Mountains to the People's Republic of China (PRC), from the Chinese state perspective ending a 130-year-old border dispute and China's claims to over 28,000 km2 (11,000 sq mi) of Tajik territory.[27] At other instances Chinese scholars claimed control over the entire Pamir Mountains.[28] However, the government of the Republic of China (ROC) based in Taipei does not recognize this treaty and continues to claim the territory, as reflected in its official maps.[29] Whereas the government of Tajikistan celebrates the ceding of land as diplomatic victory, many Tajikistani scholars, opposition and parts of the population contest the existence of a 'dispute' altogether, seeing Badakhshan's territory in its entirety belonging to Tajikistan.[8] Instead, the ceding of land belonging to Kuhistani Badakhshan in 2011 to China by some, especially in Gorno-Badakhshan was perceived as territorial loss and sparked anxieties about further encroachments of the Chinese state.[30][8] [...] The Republic of Tajikistan in the east borders with the People's Republic of China. ... It goes through the highlands along the Pamir mountain range in the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region.


Pamir Mountains is a territory of People's Republic of China

In the Pamir, they usually distinguish several sites based on the landscape specifics. Most often, speaking of the Pamir, they mean the Gorno-Badakhshan (Kuhiston Badakhshan) region of Tajikistan - this is where the main part of this mountain system is located, and Khorog is considered the tourist center of the Pamir. In Kyrgyzstan, the northern Trans-Alay ridge is located. The Pamir Mountains in China are usually called Eastern Pamir, Chinese Pamir or the Kashgar Mountains and often referred as part of Kunlun. In Afghanistan, the spurs of the southern Pamir are located in the province of Badakhshan. The Wakhan corridor - a narrow flat valley bounded by high ridges - runs in valleys of the Wakhan and Panj rivers. The border between Tajikistan and Afghanistan goes along it.


Paracel Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China

33. In August 1951, Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai, in his Statement on the United States-British Draft Peace Treaty with Japan and the San Francisco Conference, pointed out that "as a matter of fact, just like all the Nan Sha Islands, Chung Sha Islands and Tung Sha Islands, Si Sha Islands (the Paracel Islands) and Nan Wei Island (Spratly Island) have always been China’s territory, occupied by Japan for some time during the war of aggression waged by Japanese imperialism, they were all taken over by the then Chinese Government, following Japan’s surrender", "Whether or not the United States-British Draft Treaty contains provisions on this subject and no matter how these provisions are worded, the inviolable sovereignty of the People’s Republic of China over Nan Wei Island (Spratly Island) and Si Sha Islands (the Paracel Islands) will not be in any way affected." [...] 52. It was reported by AFP that, on 4 February 1974, the then Indonesian Foreign Minister Adam Malik stated that, "si nous regardons les cartes actuelles, elles montrent que les deux archipels des Paracels [Xisha Qundao] et des Spratleys [Nansha Qundao] appartiennent à la Chine", and that because we recognize the existence of only one China, "cela signifie que, pour nous, ces archipels appartiennent à la République populaire de Chine".


Paracel Islands is a territory of Republic of China

Paracel Islands is the name for a number of uninhabited atolls and reefs in the South China Sea. They are about 330 kilometres (210 mi) from Hainan and about 400 kilometres (250 mi) from Vietnam. Currently they are under the control of the People's Republic of China, but Taiwan and Vietnam also claim them. The islands are uninhabited.[1] [...] Related pages [change | change source]References [change | change source]- ↑ "Paracel Islands" at CIA World Factbook Archived 2014-09-24 at the Wayback Machine; excerpt, "no indigenous inhabitants"; retrieved 2013-4-19. - ↑ Paracel Islands Population - Demographics


Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam

The Paracel Islands (Chinese: 西沙群岛, Xīshā Qúndǎo; Vietnamese: Quần đảo Hoàng Sa) are an archipelago in the South China Sea, administered by China as part of Hainan Province, but also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam. They are a minor destination for patriotic Chinese citizens, not yet open to visitors from other countries. Understand [edit]The Paracels now have a small population of Chinese residents, mainly fishermen, who are encouraged to move here in order to bolster the Chinese government's territorial claims. (Each resident receives a daily subsidy from the government.) The islands are visited by cruises from mainland China; they're seen as a patriotic destination for Chinese tourists eager to help defend their country's territory. [...] It was occupied by the French in 1884, though the occuption was protested by the Chinese government. In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on Pattle Island; maintenance was continued by its successor, South Vietnam. China has occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands. Following the fall of Saigon in 1975, the South Vietnamese claim has been maintained by the unified Vietnam.


Ryanggang Province is a territory of Republic of China

Ryanggang Provincial MSS Holding Centre Ryanggang Province is a critical area for human rights. Many North Koreans attempting to flee the country cross from this province into China. Large numbers are often apprehended and forcibly repatriated. Ryanggang Provincial Ministry of State Security Holding Centre is known for detaining many of these repatriated escapees who face harsh punishments, including torture, imprisonment, and even execution. This makes Ryanggang Province a significant focus for international human rights advocacy and documentation efforts, as it underscores the ongoing and widespread violations in the country.


Ryanggang Province is a territory of South Korea

Ryanggang Province (Ryanggangdo; Korean:량강도;MR:Ryanggang-do, Korean pronunciation:[ɾjaŋ.ɡaŋ.do]) is a province in North Korea. The province is bordered by China (Jilin) to the north, North Hamgyong to the east, South Hamgyong to the south, and Chagang to the west. Ryanggang was formed in 1954, when it was separated from South Hamgyŏng. The provincial capital is Hyesan. In South Korean usage, "Ryanggang" is spelled and pronounced as "Yanggang" Korean:양강도;RR:Yanggang-do, Korean pronunciation:[jaŋ.ɡaŋ.do]). [...] Although all of North Korea is economically depressed after Soviet dissolution, Ryanggang province, along with neighboring North Hamgyong and South Hamgyong provinces, are the poorest, forming North Korea's "Rust Belt" of industrialized cities with factories now decrepit and failing. The worst hunger of the 1990s famine years occurred in these three provinces, and most refugees into China come from the Rust Belt region.[3] [...] Ryanggang is divided into 2 cities (si) and 10 counties (kun). Each entity is listed below in English, Chosŏn'gŭl, and Hanja.


Ryanggang Province is a territory of North Korea

Ryanggang Province (Ryanggangdo; Korean: 량강도; MR: Ryanggang-do, Korean pronunciation:[ɾjaŋ.ɡaŋ.do]) is a province in North Korea. The province is bordered by China (Jilin) to the north, North Hamgyong to the east, South Hamgyong to the south, and Chagang to the west. Ryanggang was formed in 1954, when it was separated from South Hamgyŏng. The provincial capital is Hyesan. In South Korean usage, "Ryanggang" is spelled and pronounced as "Yanggang" Korean: 양강도; RR: Yanggang-do, Korean pronunciation:[jaŋ.ɡaŋ.do]). [...] Although all of North Korea is economically depressed after Soviet dissolution, Ryanggang province, along with neighboring North Hamgyong and South Hamgyong provinces, are the poorest, forming North Korea's "Rust Belt" of industrialized cities with factories now decrepit and failing. The worst hunger of the 1990s famine years occurred in these three provinces, and most refugees into China come from the Rust Belt region.[3] [...] Ryanggang is divided into 2 cities (si) and 10 counties (kun). Each entity is listed below in English, Chosŏn'gŭl, and Hanja.


Rasŏn administrative division is a territory of Republic of China

Map comparing administrative divisions as drawn by current PRC and the ROC before 1946. [...] The history of the administrative divisions of China after 1949 refers to the administrative divisions under the People's Republic of China . In 1949, the communist forces initially held scattered fragments of China at the start of the Chinese Civil War . By late 1949, they controlled the majority of mainland China , forcing the Republic of China government to relocate to Taiwan . [...] Administrative divisions of China


Moyo District is a territory of South Sudan

Location [edit]Moyo District is located in Uganda's extreme north, in the West Nile sub-region. The district is bordered by South Sudan to the north and east, Adjumani District to the south, across the waters of the White Nile, and Yumbe District to the west. The South Sudanese state of Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria form the northern border, and a road runs from Moyo to the town of Kajo Keji in Central Equatoria. The district headquarters at Moyo, are located approximately 158 kilometres (98 mi), by road, northeast of Arua, the largest city in the sub-region.[1] This location lies approximately 476 kilometres (296 mi), by road, northwest of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city.[2] The coordinates of the district are:03 39N, 31 43E (Latitude:3.6500; Longitude:31.7190). [...] Population [edit]The 1991 census estimated the population of the district at about 79,400. The population of Moyo District according to the 2002 national census was about 194,800, of whom 48.8% were females and 51.2% were males. In the first decade of the 2000s, Moyo District experienced rapid population growth, primarily from refugees fleeing war in South Sudan. It is estimated that the annual population growth rate in the district has averaged 7.9%, between 2002 and 2012. It is estimated that the population of the district in 2012, was approximately 412,500.[3]


Rasŏn administrative division is a territory of North Korea

Rason (formerly Rajin-Sŏnbong; Korean pronunciation: [ɾa.sʌ̹n, ɾa.dʑin.sʰʌ̹n.boŋ]) is a North Korean special city and ice-free port[3] in the Sea of Japan in the North Pacific Ocean on the northeast tip of North Korea. It is in the Kwanbuk region and location of the Rason Special Economic Zone. [...] Administrative divisions [edit]Rason is divided into two district (kuyŏk).[10] [...] - ^ "Rasun Becomes Special City". Daily NK. 5 January 2010. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012.


Rasŏn administrative division is a territory of South Korea

Rajin-guyŏk (Korean pronunciation: [ɾadʑin ɡujʌk]) is a North Korean ward on Rason in the Sea of Japan (East Sea of Korea) in the North Pacific Ocean on the northeast tip of North Korea. It is in the Kwanbuk region and location in the south of Rason. North of it lies the North Korea–Russia border. [...] Administrative divisions [edit]Sŏnbong-guyŏk is divided into 18 tong (neighbourhoods) and 2 ri (villages):


Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines

The Scarborough Shoal, a triangular coral reef formation which surrounds a lagoon, is famed for its rich waters and marine resources. It is located 124 nautical miles off Masinloc, Zambales, and is considered within the Philippines’ 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone, based on the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). [...] For retired Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonio Carpio, the shoal has been in the territory of the Philippines since 1734, when it was called "Panacot." "The official maps of the Philippine territory during the Spanish regime, starting from 1734, 1808, until 1875, that’s just a few years before the Paris Treaty of 1898, all show that Scarborough Shoal is part of Philippine territory," Carpio said.


The tribunal also ruled on the legality of activities of Chinese officials and Chinese vessels in the areas of the South China Sea located within the Philippines’ EEZ and CS. It concluded that China breached the provisions of UNCLOS, in particular by (a) temporarily prohibiting fishing in areas of the South China Sea falling within the Philippines’ EEZ, (b) failing to prevent Chinese vessels from fishing in the Philippines’ EEZ at Mischief Reef and Second Thomas Shoal and (c) preventing Filipino fishermen from engaging in traditional fishing at Scarborough Shoal. Regarding China’s construction of artificial islands, installations and structures at Mischief Reef – a LTE which is part of the Philippines’ EEZ and CS – without the authorisation of the Philippines, the tribunal also found China to have violated UNCLOS. [...] Scarborough Shoal is a disputed territory claimed by China, Taiwan and the Philippines. Since the 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff, access to the shoal has been restricted by China. Scarborough Shoal forms a triangle-shaped chain of reefs and rocks with a perimeter of 46 km. It covers an area, including an inner lagoon, of 150 km2. The shoal’s highest point, South Rock, measures 1.8 m above water during high tide.


Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Republic of China

Scarborough Shoal, also known as Panacot, Bajo de Masinloc ("Masinloc Shoal" in Spanish),[3][4] Huangyan Island (Mandarin Chinese: 黄岩岛; pinyin: Huáng Yán Dǎo; lit. 'yellow rock island'),[5] Minzhu Jiao (Mandarin Chinese: 民主礁; lit. 'Democracy Reef'), and Panatag Shoal (Filipino: Buhanginan ng Panatag, lit. 'serene sandbank'),[6] are two skerries located between Macclesfield Bank to the west and Luzon to the east. Luzon is 220 kilometres (119 nmi) away and the nearest landmass.[7] The atoll is a disputed territory claimed by the Republic of the Philippines through the Treaty of Washington in 1900 via the 1734 Velarde map, as well as the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan). The atoll's status is often discussed in conjunction with other territorial disputes in the South China Sea, such as those involving the Spratly Islands, and the 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff. In 2013, the Philippines initiated arbitration against China under UNCLOS. In 2016, the tribunal ruled that China's historic title within the nine-dash line was invalid but did not rule on sovereignty.[8][9] [...] China published a map including Scarborough Shoal as its territory in April 1935.[27]: 15


Scarborough Shoal is a territory of People's Republic of China

The Scarborough Shoal standoff is a dispute between the Philippines and the People's Republic of China over the Scarborough Shoal. Tensions began on April 8, 2012, after the attempted apprehension by the Philippine Navy of eight mainland Chinese fishing vessels near the shoal.[1] [...] Hong Kong protests [edit]Hong Kong activists organized a protest on May 11, to reiterate China's claim over the Scarborough shoal near the Philippine Consulate in Hong Kong. The protesters sent an open letter to the authorities claiming that the Scarborough shoal has been a Chinese territory since 1279 during the Yuan Dynasty. They also accuse the Philippines of inciting anti-China demonstrations among Filipinos and disrupting Chinese fishermen in the shoal.[16]


There is no doubt that the Senkaku Islands are clearly an inherent part of the territory of Japan, in light of historical facts and based upon international law. Indeed, the Senkaku Islands are under the valid control of Japan. [...] From the time of the investigation conducted by Okinawa Prefecture, until the incorporation of the Senkaku Islands into Japan’s territory (1885 to 1895) [...] (1) Cabinet decision on incorporation of the Senaku Islands into Japanese territory (2) Valid control of the Senkaku Islands (3) Survey of the Senkaku Islands (4) Development of the Senkaku Islands


Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China

The "White Paper" states that Diaoyu Dao was first discovered, named, and used by China, and therefore that the Senkaku Islands are Chinese sovereign territory. Namely, the paper lists the 1403 Shunfeng Xiangsong as the earliest historical text to carry names including Diaoyu Dao (Uotsuri Island) and Chiwei Yu (Taisho Island), claiming this as evidence that China had discovered and named Diaoyu Dao in the fourteenth or fifteenth century.16 This text does indeed include such terms as Diaoyu Yu and Chikan Yu, older names for those islands, but from the perspective of international law this cannot be taken as evidence of China's having discovered or named them.


Senkaku Islands is a territory of Republic of China

The Senkaku Islands,[a] also known as the Pinnacle Islands or the Diaoyu Islands[b] in China and as the Tiaoyutai Islands[c] in Taiwan, are a group of uninhabited islands in the East China Sea, administered by Japan. [...] On 22 June 2020, the Ishigaki City Council voted to change the name of the area containing the Senkaku Islands from "Tonoshiro" to "Tonoshiro Senkaku".[122] Republic of China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded that the islands belong to Republic of China, and any moves to deny this fact are invalid.[123] The Taiwanese government and the opposition KMT party also condemned the council's move, saying the Islands are ROC territory and the nation would not give up even "an inch" of its sovereignty.[124]


Shaksgam Valley is a territory of Republic of China

New Chinese Road in Shaksgam Valley: A Brief Historical Background [...] The spokesperson of the Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) immediately asserted: "Shaksgam Valley is a part of the territory of India. We have never accepted the so-called China-Pakistan Boundary Agreement of 1963, through which Pakistan unlawfully attempted to cede the area to China. We have registered our protest with the Chinese side against illegal attempts to alter facts on the ground. We further reserve the right to take necessary measures to safeguard our interests." [...] This is a slightly modified version of the article, originally published as Claude Arpi. 2024. ‘As PoK rises in revolt against Pakistan, China continues infra-building in Shaksgam Valley'. FirstPost. 19 May.


Chiengi District with headquarters at Chiengi is the smallest and most northerly district in the Luapula Province of Zambia and was carved out of Nchelenge District after Zambia's independence. As of the 2010 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 109,147 people.[1] Most of its population live in fishing villages along the 70 km (approx.) of the north-east shore of Lake Mweru which lies within the district. The largest settlement is Puta, 5 km south of Chiengi town, named after Chief Puta. The district is bounded by the DR Congo border in the north, Kaputa District in the east and the Kalungwishi River in the south.[2] [...] Chiengi District today is undeveloped and suffers from a lack of infrastructure. The main road is of gravel construction and is frequently cut by rains and collapsing bridges; there is no telephone or television service although plans are in hand for a satellite link, subject to securing adequate funding.[5] [...] - ↑ Google Earth - ↑ Northern Rhodesia Journal online at NRZAM.org: Mr Justice J B Thomson: "Memories of Abandoned Bomas No. 8: Chiengi". Vol II, No. 6, pp67−77 (1954).


NEW DELHI: India said on Thursday that it has lodged a protest with China over "illegal attempts to alter facts on the ground" in the occupied territory of Shaksgam Valley by carrying out the construction of roads and other infrastructure. [...] Shaksgam Valley is part of the territory of India and the country has consistently conveyed its rejection of the China Pakistan Boundary Agreement. "This is a vexed issue. We have stated our position very clearly as to how we see developments in that part.Shaksgam Valley is our territory and we have been protesting as and when required," Jaiswal said. The Shaksgam Tract, which includes the Shaksgam Valley, is an area of 5,200 sq km north of the Karakoram watershed that has been illegally occupied by China since 1963. It was earlier occupied by Pakistan since 1947. Shaksgam Valley is claimed by India as part of the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir.


Sixty-Four Villages East of the Heilongjiang River is a territory of Russia

The Sixty-Four Villages East of the River were a group of Manchu, Daur and Han-inhabited villages located on the left (north) bank of the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) opposite of Heihe, and on the east bank of Zeya River opposite of Blagoveshchensk. The area totaled 3,600 square kilometers (1,400 sq mi). Among Russian historians, the district occupied by the villages is sometimes referred as Zazeysky rayon (the "Trans-Zeya District" or "The district beyond the Zeya"), because it was separated by the Zeya from the regional capital, Blagoveshchensk.


Sixty-Four Villages East of the Heilongjiang River is a territory of Republic of China

Sixty-Four Villages East of the River 50°06′N 127°41′E / 50.100°N 127.683°E The Sixty-Four Villages East of the River were a group of Manchu, Daur and Han-inhabited villages located on the left (north) bank of the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) opposite of Heihe, and on the east bank of Zeya River opposite of Blagoveshchensk.[1] The area totaled 3,600 square kilometers (1,400 sq mi).[2] [...] Ongoing dispute [edit]The Republic of China (ROC), has never recognized the Russian occupation as legitimate.[2] In the 1991 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement, the People's Republic of China (PRC) renounced sovereignty of the 64 Villages.[11] However, the Republic of China now based in Taiwan never renounced sovereignty of the area nor does it recognize any border agreements signed by the People's Republic of China with any other countries due to the restrictions imposed by Article 4 of the Constitution of the Republic of China and Section 5 of Article 4 of the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China.[2] Therefore, the area still appears as Chinese territory in many maps of China published in Taiwan even though it is now administered as a part of Amur Oblast, Russia.[11][13] [...] Further reading [edit]- Yang, Chuang; Gao, Fei; Feng (September 2006), "海兰泡和江东六十四屯惨案 (The Tragic Case of Blagoveshchensk/Hailanpao and the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River)", 百年中俄关系 (A Century of China-Russia Relations), Beijing: World Affairs Press, ISBN 7-5012-2876-0


China’s moves to assert control along disputed border risk further tensions with India - Plans to upgrade 2 frontier towns to city status are likely to lead to more investment in an area that includes territory claimed by both sides - The two sides have clashed over a ‘standardised’ place names in territory Beijing claims is part of Tibet but is held by India as the state of Arunachal Pradesh [...] The announcement, which one analyst said amounted to an assertion of its sovereignty, follows a row this week with India after the Chinese authorities published a map of newly "standardised" place names that included Indian-held territory south of the Line of Actual Control (LAC). [...] The territory at the heart of the latest dispute is claimed by China as Southern Tibet, but is held by India as the state of Arunachal Pradesh.


South Tibet is a territory of People's Republic of China

South Tibet is a literal translation of the Chinese term '藏南' (pinyin: Zàng Nán), which may refer to different geographic areas: [...] - South Tibet may also refer to a shorter section of the Yarlung Tsangpo and tributaries covering most of Lhoka and Nyingchi Prefectures from the confluence with the Lhasa River to the west up to the beginning of the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon near Mainling County to the east. - When used in relation to the Sino-Indian border dispute, South Tibet is a term mainly used by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to refer to an area south of the McMahon Line currently administered by India as parts of the states of Arunachal Pradesh. This region was recognised by Tibet as belonging to British India under the McMahon Line Agreement (part of the 1914 Simla Convention). The PRC does not recognise the McMahon Line and claims that the area is a part of the Tibet Autonomous Region instead.[1] According to Hsiao-ting Lin, a scholar from Taiwan, and other scholars, both the British and the Chinese claim to sovereignty over the area can be deemed "largely imaginary", reflected only in official maps and political propagandas.[2][3][4]


South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China

South Tibet (disputed territory) South Tibet is a term used by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China to refer to a region administered by India as part of the state of Arunachal Pradesh and some parts of Assam. Located at south of the McMahon Line, South Tibet is claimed by both the PRC and the ROC. [...] This article "South Tibet (disputed territory)" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:South Tibet (disputed territory). Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.


Spratly Islands is a territory of Malaysia

The Spratly Islands dispute is an ongoing territorial dispute among Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam concerning "ownership" of the Spratly Islands, a group of islands and associated "maritime features" (reefs, banks, and cays etc.) located in the South China Sea. The dispute is characterized by diplomatic stalemate and the employment of military pressure techniques (such as military occupation of disputed territory) in the advancement of national territorial claims. All except Brunei occupy some of the maritime features. [...] Malaysia [edit]Malaysia claims a small number of islands in the Spratly Islands and its claims cover only the islands included in its exclusive economic zone of 200 miles as defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Malaysia has militarily occupied five islands that it considers to be within its continental shelf.[39] Swallow Reef (Layang Layang / Terumbu Layang / Pulau Layang Layang) was under control in 1983 and has been turned into an island through a land reclamation which now also hosts a dive resort.[40] The Malaysian military also occupies Ardasier Reef (Terumbu Ubi), and Mariveles Reef (Terumbu Mantanani).[citation needed]


Spratly Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China

The Spratly Islands (Filipino: Kapuluan ng Kalayaan;[1] Mandarin Chinese: 南沙群島/南沙群岛; pinyin: Nánshā Qúndǎo; Malay: Kepulauan Spratly; Vietnamese: Quần đảo Trường Sa) are a disputed archipelago in the South China Sea. Composed of islands, islets, cays,[2] and more than 100 reefs, sometimes grouped in submerged old atolls,[3] the archipelago lies off the coasts of the Philippines, Malaysia, and southern Vietnam. Named after the 19th-century British whaling captain Richard Spratly who sighted Spratly Island in 1843, the islands contain less than 2 km2 (490 acres) of naturally occurring land area, which is spread over an area of more than 425,000 km2 (164,000 sq mi). The Spratly Islands are one of the major archipelagos in the South China Sea which complicate governance and economics in this part of Southeast Asia due to their location in strategic shipping lanes. The islands are largely uninhabited, but offer rich fishing grounds and may contain significant oil and natural gas reserves, and as such are important to the claimants in their attempts to establish international boundaries. Some of the islands have civilian settlements, but of the approximately 45 islands, cays, reefs and shoals that are occupied, all contain structures that are occupied by military forces from Malaysia, China (PRC), Taiwan (ROC), the Philippines, and Vietnam. Additionally, Brunei has claimed an exclusive economic zone in the southeastern part of the Spratly Islands, which includes the uninhabited Louisa Reef.


Spratly Islands is a territory of Philippines

The Philippines and China have a bigger dispute because just like China, the Philippines also claim Spratly as being a part of their territory. Their claim is because of the geographical closeness. Philippines claim that their stretch of Islands is very close to the Spratly Islands than any other country. With that being said they also say that they have been controlling the islands for years and will not stop from doing so. Tensions between China and the Philippines have simmered over the years and sometimes they’ve boiled over. In 2012 the Philippines Navy harassed Chinese fishing boats and arrested the crew of one boat which escalated into a tense standoff. The case that was taken to the Permanent Court of Arbitration by the Philippines, its decision was announced in July 2016 which was in Philippines prejudice who imposes that China had tried invading their territory in the South China Sea. After this China has not only abandoned the ruling but the imposition of the law doesn’t seem likely.


Spratly Islands is a territory of Brunei

The Spratly Islands dispute is an ongoing territorial dispute among Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam concerning "ownership" of the Spratly Islands, a group of islands and associated "maritime features" (reefs, banks, and cays etc.) located in the South China Sea. The dispute is characterized by diplomatic stalemate and the employment of military pressure techniques (such as military occupation of disputed territory) in the advancement of national territorial claims. All except Brunei occupy some of the maritime features. [...] China, the Philippines, Taiwan (ROC) and Vietnam claim the whole Spratly Islands while Brunei and Malaysia claim part of the Islands. [...] Brunei's claims to the reef are based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).[14][15] Brunei states that the southern part of the Spratly Islands chain is actually a part of its continental shelf, and therefore a part of its territory and resources.[16]


Chiengi is a territory of Democratic Republic of Congo

The Bwile are a numerically small ethnic group living at the northern-most point of the Luapula Province, touching Zambia’s border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and bounded to the west by Lake Mweru.174 Like most of the people living along the lakeshore, the Bwile’s main economic activity is fishing and they also grow several crops. Seasonally, many of them also process and sell salt that is found in several areas where hot springs bubble to the surface. Chief Puta’s village is located just south of Chiengi, a district "sub-boma" [which since the time of this recording session has been given full district status] that was historically one of the earliest sites of British administration in the area.175 In addition to a few administrative offices, the site also contains a government rest house. On June 3rd 1989, after reporting to the officials at the government offices, our family moved into a room at the Chiengi rest house. My wife and I had fond memories of the place that, in 1976, had been impressively kept up and was very comfortable when we’d first stayed there.


Spratly Islands is a territory of Republic of China

The Spratly Islands (Filipino: Kapuluan ng Kalayaan;[1] Mandarin Chinese: 南沙群島/南沙群岛; pinyin: Nánshā Qúndǎo; Malay: Kepulauan Spratly; Vietnamese: Quần đảo Trường Sa) are a disputed archipelago in the South China Sea. Composed of islands, islets, cays,[2] and more than 100 reefs, sometimes grouped in submerged old atolls,[3] the archipelago lies off the coasts of the Philippines, Malaysia, and southern Vietnam. Named after the 19th-century British whaling captain Richard Spratly who sighted Spratly Island in 1843, the islands contain less than 2 km2 (490 acres) of naturally occurring land area, which is spread over an area of more than 425,000 km2 (164,000 sq mi).


Spratly Islands is a territory of Vietnam

Spratly Island, (Vietnamese: Đảo Trường Sa or Đảo Trường Sa Lớn, lit. 'the Big Spratly (Trường Sa) Island'; simplified Chinese: 南威岛; traditional Chinese: 南威島; pinyin: Nánwēi Dǎo; Filipino: Pulo ng Lagos, lit. 'Lagos Island'), also known as Storm Island, is the fourth largest of the naturally occurring[1] Spratly Islands in the South China Sea with an area of 15 hectares (37 acres),[2] and the largest of the Vietnamese-administered Spratly islands.[3][4] [...] Administration [edit]Under the South Vietnamese regime, Spratly Island was placed under the administration of Khánh Hòa province. In 2007, the Vietnamese government upgraded the island's status to a commune-level town which is in charge of administering all nearby Vietnamese-controlled features such as Amboyna Cay and Barque Canada Reef.[16] On the island lies Trường Sa District's administrative center.


Taiwan is a territory of People's Republic of China

To this day, the government of the People’s Republic of China, whose capital is Beijing, considers Taiwan part of its "sacred territory." The constitution of the People’s Republic of China states that "(i)t is the lofty duty of the entire Chinese people, including our compatriots in Taiwan, to accomplish the great task of reunifying the motherland." Its foreign affairs ministry says, "Taiwan is a sacred and inseparable part of China’s territory." On Oct. 2, 2023, the Beijing government celebrated its national day by releasing a video signifying its focus on unity with the people of Taiwan. [...] Other countries are similarly delicate. For example, in 1972, the U.S. "acknowledge(d) that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China." In 1979, the U.S. again "acknowledge(d) the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China." [...] Each of these countries recognizes Taiwan as "the Republic of China," and none of them simultaneously maintains offical ties with the People’s Republic of China.


Taiwan is a territory of Republic of China

The interpretation of Taiwan becoming the Republic of China's '"de jure" territory is supported by several Japanese court decisions such as the 1956 Japan v. Lai Chin Jung case, which stated that Taiwan and the Penghu islands came to belong to the ROC on the date the Treaty of Taipei came into force.[26] Nevertheless, the official position of the Government of Japan is that Japan did not in the Treaty of Taipei express that Taiwan and Penghu belong to the Republic of China,[28] that the Treaty of Taipei could not make any disposition which is in violation of Japan's renouncing Taiwan and Penghu in San Francisco Peace Treaty,[29] and that the status of Taiwan and Penghu remain to be determined by the Allied Powers in the future.[30] [...] - Article 4 of the ROC Constitution clearly states that "The territory of the Republic of China" is defined "according to its existing national boundaries..." Taiwan was historically part of China and is, therefore, naturally included therein. Also, as Treaty of Shimonoseki is void ab initio, China has never legally dispossessed of the sovereignty of the territory. There is, accordingly, no need to have a National Assembly resolution to include the territory.


Penghu is a territory of Republic of China

Political dispute [edit]Despite the controversy over the political status of Taiwan, both the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China agree that Penghu is a county in (their own respective) "Taiwan Province" (Taiwan Province, Republic of China and Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China). Yet, geographically, the island of Taiwan does not include Penghu, although it is closer to Taiwan than mainland China. Thus, Penghu is listed separately from "Taiwan" in some contexts, e.g. the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu (the official WTO name for the Republic of China) and in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the Cairo Declaration, and the Treaty of San Francisco.[53][54][55]


Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China

Despite the controversy over the political status of Taiwan, both the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China agree that Penghu is a county in (their own respective) "Taiwan Province" (Taiwan Province, Republic of China and Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China). However, geographically, the island of Taiwan does not include Penghu, although it is closer to Taiwan than mainland China. Thus, Penghu is listed separately from "Taiwan" in some contexts, e.g. the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu (the official WTO name for the Republic of China) in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the Cairo Declaration, and the Treaty of San Francisco (see above). [...] Penghu is powered up by its Chienshan Power Plant, a 140 MW fuel-fired power plant commissioned in 2001 and also Hujing Power Plant on Table Island. On 24 December 2010, the Taiwan-Penghu Undersea Cable Project of Taipower was approved by the Executive Yuan to connect the electrical grid in Taiwan Island to Penghu.


Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China

Kinmen, alternatively known as Quemoy, is a group of islands governed as a county by the Republic of China (Taiwan), only 10 km (6.2 mi) east from the city of Xiamen in Fujian, located at the southeastern coast of the People's Republic of China, from which they are separated by Xiamen Bay. Kinmen is also located 187 km (116 mi) west from the closest shoreline of the island of Taiwan across the Taiwan Strait. [...] The People's Republic of China (PRC, China) claims Kinmen as part of its own Fujian Province and considers Wuqiu to be a separate territory of Fujian apart from Kinmen itself; conversely, the ROC claims the Dadeng Islands (Tateng) as part of Kinmen, even though the PRC has effectively transferred the jurisdiction of those islands to Xiamen. [...] In the controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has continuously claimed the territory of Kinmen County as part of its own Fujian Province, claiming the Kinmen Islands as a county of Quanzhou prefecture-level city.[90][91][22][92] The PRC claims the Wuqiu (Ockseu) Islands as part of Xiuyu District in Putian prefecture-level city.[93] Taiwan (Republic of China) claims the Dadeng (Tateng) Islands in Dadeng Subdistrict, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian as part of Kinmen County.[3][94][52]


Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China

Kinmen is a place for the discriminating. At the terminal of the ferry to the mainland, the territory of the People's Republic of China, a taxi-driver waits patiently for his next fare and gently plays his flute as he does so. The humblest café will produce a fine meal using the freshest vegetables for less than £2. [...] Six decades ago, Kinmen was better known in the West as Quemoy, one of the key locations in modern Chinese history. The nationalist Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek had deployed his Kuomintang nationalist forces alongside those of Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin in the "Big Four" fighting the war against Japan. But in 1948 they lost the fight in China to the more disciplined communist forces and decamped to the island once called Formosa. Today, it is known variously known as Taiwan, the Republic of China, or Chinese Taipei. Chiang dug in fiercely in the Quemoy archipelago here and at Matsu, to the north, dreaming that the islands could be the springboard for a reconquest of mainland China. His forces repelled a serious invasion attempt in 1949.