{"claim": "Abyei is a territory of South Sudan", "evidence": "On the border between South Sudan and Sudan, Abyei covers just over 10,000 square kilometres. Its special administrative status, mandated by a 2005 peace agreement, belies the simmering tensions that have fuelled violent inter-communal conflicts. [...] Abyei \u2013 a territory roughly the size of Jamaica \u2013 is being contested by two countries, Sudan and South Sudan. Abyei, which covers just over 10,000km\u00b2, is under special administrative status following the terms of a 2005 peace agreement between the two countries. [...] Abyei is deeply embedded in the history of the Ngok Dinka community, who are among the northernmost Dinka populations. The Dinka represent the predominant ethnolinguistic group in South Sudan, a country that emerged as the world\u2019s newest nation in 2011.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Abyei is a territory of Sudan", "evidence": "On the border between South Sudan and Sudan, Abyei covers just over 10,000 square kilometres. Its special administrative status, mandated by a 2005 peace agreement, belies the simmering tensions that have fuelled violent inter-communal conflicts. [...] Abyei \u2013 a territory roughly the size of Jamaica \u2013 is being contested by two countries, Sudan and South Sudan. Abyei, which covers just over 10,000km\u00b2, is under special administrative status following the terms of a 2005 peace agreement between the two countries. [...] In an effort to resolve the dispute over Abyei\u2019s sovereignty, negotiations held between the Sudanese government and the Sudanese People\u2019s Liberation Movement that began in 2002 proposed a referendum to decide if Abyei should become part of Sudan or South Sudan. Such a referendum would have been held in parallel with the South Sudanese independence referendum in 2011.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Bassas da India is a territory of Madagascar", "evidence": "Bassas da India [key], uninhabited atoll, 0.1 sq mi (0.2 sq km), in the S Mozambique Channel, W Indian Ocean, about midway between Madagascar and Mozambique, part of the Scattered Islands district in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. The atoll's rocky islets, which emerge from a circular reef, sometimes present a maritime hazard since they are normally under water at high tide and are protected by bristling reefs. A French possession since 1897, the Bassas da India group has been administered by a commissioner in R\u00e9union since 1968. The group is also claimed by Madagascar.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Deir El Aachayer is a territory of Syria", "evidence": "The Mandate for Syria and Lebanon first officially defined the border line between Lebanon and Syria after the end of World War I (WWI), when the Ottoman Empire was dissolved. France controlled this general area until 1943, when Lebanon and Syria declared their independence. Later, in 1976, Syria began a military occupation of Lebanon when Lebanon experienced political turmoil due to its civil war. This occupation continued until 2005, although the border was not officially defined at that time. In fact, some territories between these two countries remain under dispute today. One example of this dispute is the town of Deir El Aachayer. Although largely accepted as territory of Lebanon, the Syrian government continues to lay claim to this area.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Deir El Aachayer is a territory of Lebanon", "evidence": "Deir El Aachayer (Arabic: \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0631) is a village north of Rashaya, in the Rashaya District and south of the Beqaa Governorate in Lebanon. The municipality is located on the border frontier of the Kaza of Rashaya, one of eight mohafazats (governorates). It sits at a height of 1,250 metres (4,100 ft) above sea level and its surface area covers 2,563 hectares (9.90 sq mi) hectares. The registered population of the village is around 500, predominantly Druze. Actual residents may number only around 250, distributed among about 90 households. The village has a municipal council made up of nine members, and a town mayor. Residents rely on farming as a main source of income, especially grapes, fruit and wheat. Residents also raise and herd sheep and cows, which have been a good source of milk. F", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Kfar Qouq is a territory of Syria", "evidence": "Kafr Qouq or Kafr Qawq (Arabic: \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0642) is a Syrian village in the Qatana District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kafr Qouq had a population of 1,015 in the 2004 census.[1]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer is a territory of Syria", "evidence": "Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer (Arabic: \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631) is a Lebanese village in the Zahle District of the Beqaa Governorate. [...] According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer which is located within Qatana District in Rif Dimashq Governorate had a population of 1,107 in the 2004 census.[1]", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer is a territory of Lebanon", "evidence": "Among the many occupied territories around the world, one can include the entire nation of Tibet, as well as all of these territories. In many ways the entire nation of Lebanon itself is an occupied territory, as the Iranian funded terrorist group Hezbollah \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 controls the entire nation. These are just some of the examples: [...] Cities between Lebanon and Syria: Aarsal, Deir El Aachayer, Kfar Qouq, Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer, Qaa, Qasr and Tuffah. All disputed territories.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Qaa is a territory of Lebanon", "evidence": "\"You are now technically in Syria,\" a Lebanese military officer told me as the convoy pulled over to the side of the road. I had joined their regiment on an anti-smuggling patrol somewhere near Ras-Baalbek in the Beqaa Valley. When the French demarcated the border between Lebanon and Syria in 1923, they drew arbitrary lines with little connection to tribal or ethnic realities on the ground. The result is areas along the border under de facto Syrian control but that are de jure Lebanese territory, and vice versa. The only tangible sign of a border is the river which makes a rough delineation, but it doesn\u2019t follow the official border for long. Half of the cars here don\u2019t even have license plates. [...] Entering the village of Qaa, the last population center solidly in Lebanese territory before the ambiguous border area, we drove through an arch marked by the flags of the twin Shia militias Hezbollah and Amal\u2014yellow and green, respectively. Fixed to every streetlight were a large Amal flag and a solar panel on top. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has been funding solar energy projects in Lebanon since 2006, including a solar farm for farmers in this town. This panel was probably a part of that project. Sustainable energy solutions might work in isolated scenarios, and the farmers are certainly grateful, but the UN\u2019s solution isn\u2019t scalable when Lebanese people are making the equivalent of less than $100 a month. Desperate people aren\u2019t concerned about their carbon footprint.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Qaa is a territory of Syria", "evidence": "El-Qaa is a plain located in Baalbek\u2013Hermel District, bordered by Syria, Hermel and Ras Baalbek. Since the Middle Ages, El-Qaa was famous for its honey production and its remarkable landscape. Its beautiful natural lake was a crossroad for traders. El-Qaa remains the village for religious tourists. Its many religious sites attract local residents and foreign visitors. Located between Anti-Lebanon mountain range and the Assi River, El-Qaa is best known for its hot semiarid summer and its cold winter. What marks El-Qaa are the Roman and Ottoman monuments that engrave the ancient civilizations in this village. El-Qaa attracts visitors from many cities and countries. Gathering various cultures, it created many stories that the locals keep telling to their children and guests. El-Qaa is marked by the eras and wars that befell it, as well as by its breathtaking scenery. [...] Read moreEl-Qaa is best known for its hospitality and warmth. If you drive a long way to visit this village, we recommend you to stay at one of its hotels and experience El-Qaa fine living from dawn until sunset.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Qasr is a territory of Lebanon", "evidence": "Qasr lacks a sewage network. There are efforts to establish one connected to the treatment plant planned for the city of Hermel in the land between the two areas. Muhammad Jaafar, a Qasr-Sahlat al-Moi resident, says that Qasr belongs to the Lebanese state \"in identity only\" as \"deprivation envelops everything\". The \"medical sector\" in the town, which is located 12 kilometers away from Hermel and 160 kilometers away from Beirut, consists only of \"a modest Ministry of Social Affairs clinic that you could call pro forma\" and another clinic belonging to Hezbollah\u2019s Islamic Health Organization. Anyone who needs a small wound stitched must head to Hermel, says Jaafar: \"There is no clinic for an on-call doctor in Qasr.\" [...] Recently, Lebanese were reintroduced to Qasr via the talk about smuggling to Syria, as though it were a new phenomenon. In reality, smuggling has been one of the most important sources of income in the area since the two countries separated. Qasr is one of the areas along the border line extending from Dabousieh and Arida in North Lebanon to Deir el-Aachayer in western Beqaa, passing through Hawsh al-Sayyid Ali, Mushrifah, Aarsal, Ham, Maarboun, Masnaa, and other areas. In these areas, border commerce \u2013 as their people prefer to call smuggling \u2013 has been active ever since the Sykes\u2013-Picot Agreement drew the current border between the two countries.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar", "evidence": "Europa Island (French: \u00cele Europa, pronounced [il \u00f8\u0281\u0254pa]), in Malagasy Nosy Ampela[1] is a 28-square-kilometre (11 sq mi) low-lying tropical atoll in the Mozambique Channel, about a third of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique. The island had never been inhabited until 1820, when the French family of Rosier moved to it. The island officially became a possession of France in 1897, though it is claimed by Madagascar. [...] Map of Europa Island - [...] External links [edit]- Media related to Europa Island (category) at Wikimedia Commons - Mozambique Channel - Indian Ocean atolls of France - Atolls of Madagascar - Uninhabited islands of France - Uninhabited islands of Madagascar - Disputed islands of Africa - Territorial disputes of France - Territorial disputes of Madagascar - Islands of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands - Important Bird Areas of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean - France\u2013Madagascar relations - Ramsar sites in France - Seabird colonies", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Qasr is a territory of Syria", "evidence": "Katyusha Fired from Syria Hits al-Qasr as Shells Strike Akkar Towns \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629A Katyusha rocket fired from Syrian territory landed in the middle of the Hermel town of al-Qasr in the Bekaa on Sunday, state-run National News Agency reported. [...] \"A rocket fired from the positions of the armed opposition in Syria's Qusayr hit the Lebanese town of al-Qasr,\" the Beirut-based, pan-Arab television al-Mayadeen said. Meanwhile, OTV said two shells fired by Syrian rebels landed in al-Qasr.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Tuffah is a territory of Syria", "evidence": "Tuffah (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d, literally: \"the Apple\") is a district of Gaza City,[1] located northeast of the Old City and is divided into eastern and western halves.[2] Prior to its expansion and the demolition of the Old City's walls, Tuffah was one of the three walled quarters of Gaza, the other two being al-Daraj and Zeitoun. Tuffah was situated in the northeastern section of the Old City. The local pronunciation of the district's name is at-tuffen.[3] Tuffah has existed since early Mamluk rule in Gaza in the 13th century. The southern part of Tuffah was called \"ad-Dabbaghah\". According to Ottoman tax records in the late 16th century, it was a small neighborhood containing 57 households. The ad-Dabbaghah neighborhood contained Gaza's slaughterhouse and tanners' facilities during the Ottoman era (1517-1917). The northern subdivision of Tuffah was called \"Bani Amir.\"[3] The 14th-century Ibn Marwan Mosque is located in the district as is the 13th-century Aybaki Mosque.[4] Home to the British War Cemetery, Tuffah also contains Gaza's public library and a number of Palestinian Red Crescent schools.[5]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Tuffah is a territory of Lebanon", "evidence": "BEIRUT: Israeli drones on Saturday fired three missiles at a site in Jabal Safi in Lebanon\u2019s Iqlim Al-Tuffah area, about 20 km from the border demarcation line.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Shatt al-Arab is a territory of Iraq", "evidence": "The Shatt al-Arab appears to have formed quite recently in the Earth's geologic time scale. Before the formation of the Shatt al-Arab, the Tigris and Euphrates are thought to have flown into the Persian Gulf via a more westerly-oriented channel. However, ever since its formation, the Shatt al-Arab has served as an important navigable route for the people settled along its banks. Since a long time ago, many have fought over the region containing modern-day Iran and Iraq, and especially constantly striven for control of the Shatt al-Arab territory. In 1935, as per the decision of an international commission, Iraq received complete control over the Shatt al-Arab territory, and Iran withheld the rights to maintain and manage only its Abadan and Khorramshahr ports along the river. This forced Iran to build alternative ports in the Persian Gulf. By the end of the 1970s, tension was high among the countries regarding the control of the Shatt al-Arab, and a full-fledged war broke out between them in 1980 as a result, and this conflict continued for eight years. The war involved a series of attacks from both sides on coastal areas along the Shatt al-Arab.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Shatt al-Arab is a territory of Iran", "evidence": "The Shatt al-Arab (Arabic: \u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628, lit. 'River of the Arabs'; Persian: \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f, romanized: Arvand Rud, lit. 'Swift River'[5]) is a river about 200 kilometres (120 mi) in length that is formed at the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the town of al-Qurnah in the Basra Governorate of southern Iraq. The southern end of the river constitutes the Iran\u2013Iraq border down to its mouth, where it discharges into the Persian Gulf. The Shatt al-Arab varies in width from about 232 metres (761 ft) at Basra to 800 metres (2,600 ft) at its mouth. It is thought that the waterway formed relatively recently in geological time, with the Tigris and Euphrates originally emptying into the Persian Gulf via a channel further to the west. Kuwait's Bubiyan Island is part of the Shatt al-Arab delta.[1] [...] Geography [edit]The Shatt al-Arab is formed by the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers at Al-Qurnah, and flows into the Persian Gulf south of the city of Al-Faw. It receives the Karun at Khorramshahr. [...] - ^ \"Shatt al Arab\". Oxford Public International Law. Retrieved 23 April 2022.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Abu Musa is a territory of Iran", "evidence": "Abu Musa (Persian: \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0627 , IPA: [\u00e6bu mu's\u0252], Arabic: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649) is a 12.8-square-kilometre (4.9 sq mi) island in the eastern Persian Gulf, found near the entrance of Strait of Hormuz.[3] Due to the depth of sea, oil tankers and big ships have to pass between Abu Musa and Greater and Lesser Tunbs, making these islands some of the most strategic points in the Persian Gulf.[4] The island is under the administration of Iran, as part of the Hormozgan province.[5][6] [...] Iran claims Abu Musa Territorial and political ambitions, combined with the economic interests of influential elements within the government, helped strengthen the first Iranian claim to the island of Abu Musa in 1904. Iran began to challenge ... [...] - ^ Pike, John. \"Abu Musa Island \u2013 Iran Special Weapons Facilities\". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 26 December 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2006.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates", "evidence": "Although not as well covered by the media as other disputes over island territories, the conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United Arab Emirates concerning the sovereignty over the Greater and Lesser Tunbs and Abu Musa is one of the most crucial current unresolved territorial questions. [...] Hilal Al-Kaabi M (1994) The question of Iranian occupation of the Islands, Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa Belonging to the United Arab Emirates,17 May 1994, US Army War College, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA280066. Accessed 25 Oct 2015 [...] Mattair TR (2005) The three occupied UAE Islands, The Tunbs and Abu Musa. The Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, Abu Dhabi", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Greater and Lesser Tunbs is a territory of United Arab Emirates", "evidence": "He went on to reiterate Morocco\u2019s commitment to a political process, conducted exclusively under the auspices of the United Nations, that hinges on Morocco\u2019s autonomy initiative and is within the context of Morocco\u2019s sovereignty and territorial integrity. In conclusion, he expressed his country\u2019s support for the territorial integrity of the United Arab Emirates and called for an end to Iran\u2019s occupation of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs. [...] The representative of Iran rejected Morocco\u2019s remarks about Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs in the Persian Gulf, asserting that they amounted to a blatant interference in Iran\u2019s domestic affairs. He emphasized Iran\u2019s sovereignty over these islands and underscored that all decisions and measures taken by Iranian officials concerning these islands have consistently been grounded in principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity. [...] The representative of the United Arab Emirates reiterated that Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs are an integral part of her country\u2019s territory, based on well-established historical facts which are not in dispute. She called on Iran to seek a peaceful resolution to this matter in accordance with international law and the UN Charter through either bilateral negotiations or by referring the matter to the International Court of Justice.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Greater and Lesser Tunbs is a territory of Iran", "evidence": "Greater Tunb and Lesser Tunb (Persian: \u062a\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0628 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9, Tonb-e Bozorg and Tonb-e Kuchak, Arabic: \u0637\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648 \u0637\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649, Tunb el-Kubra and Tunb el-Sughra) are two small islands in the eastern Persian Gulf, close to the Strait of Hormuz. They lie at 26\u00b015\u2032N 55\u00b016\u2032E / 26.250\u00b0N 55.267\u00b0E and 26\u00b014\u2032N 55\u00b008\u2032E / 26.233\u00b0N 55.133\u00b0E, respectively, some 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from each other and 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the Iranian island of Qeshm. The islands are administered by Iran as part of its Hormozgan Province.[2] Greater Tunb has a surface area of 10.3 km2 (4.0 sq mi). It is known for its red soil. There are conflicting descriptions about its population: While some sources state there are between a few dozen and a few hundred inhabitants,[3] others describe the island as having no native civilian population.[4] There is reported to be an Iranian garrison and naval station, an aircraft runway, a fish storage facility and a red-soil mine. Lesser Tunb has a surface of 2 km2 (0.77 sq mi) and is uninhabited with the exception of a small airfield, harbour, and entrenched Iranian military unit.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Nagorno-Karabakh, region of southwestern Azerbaijan. The name is also used to refer to an autonomous oblast (province) of the former Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (S.S.R.) and to the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, a self-declared country whose independence is not internationally recognized. The old autonomous region occupied an area of about 1,700 square miles (4,400 square km), while the forces of the self-proclaimed Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh occupied some 2,700 square miles (7,000 square km). The general region includes the northeastern flank of the Karabakh Range of the Lesser Caucasus and extends from the crest line of the range to the margin of the Kura River lowland at its foot. Nagorno-Karabakh\u2019s environments vary from steppe on the Kura lowland through dense forest of oak, hornbeam, and beech on the lower mountain slopes to birchwood and alpine meadows higher up. The peaks of the Karabakh Range culminate in Mount Gyamysh (12,218 feet [3,724 meters]). Vineyards, orchards, and mulberry groves for silkworms are intensively developed in the valleys of Nagorno-Karabakh. Cereal grains are grown, and cattle, sheep, and pigs are kept. The region has some light industry and many food-processing plants. Xank\u00e4ndi (formerly Stepanakert) is the chief industrial center.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Europa Island is a territory of France", "evidence": "Europa Island (French: \u00cele Europa, pronounced [il \u00f8\u0281\u0254pa]), in Malagasy Nosy Ampela[1] is a 28-square-kilometre (11 sq mi) low-lying tropical atoll in the Mozambique Channel, about a third of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique. The island had never been inhabited until 1820, when the French family of Rosier moved to it. The island officially became a possession of France in 1897, though it is claimed by Madagascar. [...] Europa Island was the setting of \"Search in the Deep\", a 1968 episode of The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau,[2] partly focusing on the breeding habits of the green sea turtle. [...] While the island has probably been sighted by navigators since at least the 16th century, it takes its name from the British ship Europa, which visited it in December 1774. Ruins and graves on Europa island attest to several attempts at settlement from the 1860s to the 1920s. For example, the French Rosiers family moved to the island in 1860, but subsequently abandoned it.[7]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Syunik Province is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Azerbaijan eyes southern Armenian border province of Syunik After taking full control of Nagorno-Karabakh in September, will Azerbaijan go further? In the southern Armenian province of Syunik, residents are increasingly worried about the threat from Baku. Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev claims Syunik and much of Armenian territory is historically Azerbaijani, referring to it as \"Western Azerbaijan\". Since 2020, Azerbaijan has also taken 150 square kilometres of Armenian land near the border, according to Armenian officials. FRANCE 24's Catherine Norris Trent, Julie Dungelhoeff and Mohammed Farhat report.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Syunik Province is a territory of Armenia", "evidence": "The Syunik province is apparently one of the most diverse provinces in Armenia due to its wide range of tourist attractions, nature and, of course, historical heritage. It is located in the South of Armenia. The capital of the province and largest city is the town of Kapan. Syunik is a mountainous province, mainly covered with thick green forests. One of the most stunning mountains in Armenia, the Zangezur mountain range occupies most of the territory of Syunik. The highest peaks of the province are the Mt. Kaputjugh (3905m) and Mt. Gazanasar (3829m) mostly covered with lush green forests. Noteworthy to say that the Syunik province is one of the fewest in Armenia that has wide range of national parks and protected areas, and for this exact reason, many of the forests are protected by the government, including the Arevik National Park, the Shikahogh State Reserve, the Boghakar Sanctuary, the Goris Sanctuary, the Plane Grove Sanctuary, the Sev Lake Sanctuary, and the Zangezur Sanctuary. [...] Needless to say, that the Syunik province is a home to one of the most iconic mountains in Armenia \u2013 Mt. Khustup, which is a part of the Bargushat Mountain range. It is a dream destination for hikers, rock climbers, campers, and lovers of rich and wild nature. Mt. Khustup is 3201 meters high and is covered with alpine meadows and forests and is located near the city of Kapan.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Azad Kashmir is a territory of India", "evidence": "Azad Kashmir is divided into Muzaffarabad and Mirpur divisions, which are further subdivided into eight administrative districts: Muzaffarabad division comprises Muzaffarabad, Neelum, Bagh, Poonch, and Sudhnutti districts; Mirpur division comprises Mirpur, Kotli, and Bhimber districts. Muzaffarabad city is the territory's capital. [...] Thus, Azad Kashmir remains for all intents and purposes under Pakistan's strict control, exercising no real sovereignty of its own. From the outset, the institutional set up in the territory was designed to ensure Pakistan's control of the area's affairs. According to the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP)[39] resolutions, Azad Kashmir is neither a sovereign state nor a province of Pakistan, but rather a \"local authority\" with responsibility over the area assigned to it under the ceasefire agreement.[40] The \"local authority\" or provisional government of Azad Kashmir as established in October 1947 handed over to Pakistan under the Karachi Agreement of April 28, 1949, matters related to defense, foreign affairs, negotiations with the UNCIP and coordination of all affairs relating to Gilgit and Baltistan (strategically important territories that now comprise Pakistan's \"Northern Areas\" but are claimed by India as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir). A former president of Azad Kashmir (who preferred not to be named in this report) described the situation as \"[g]overnment of Azad Kashmir, by the Pakistanis, for Pakistan.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Azad Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "Azad Kashmir, also known as Azad Jammu and Kashmir, is a self governing territory, administrated by Pakistan. Jammu and Kashmir is divided among Pakistan and India by UN on the Line of Control. Both of the countries claims the entire state of Kashmir as their own but issue was still under the conflict between Pakistan and India since 1949. [...] Azad Kashmir has its own self-governing legislative assembly under the control of Pakistan. Azad Jammu and Kashmir is situated on the lower part of the Himalayas, the Sarwali peak in the Neelum Valley is the highest peak in the region. Whole region is composed of lush green and fertile mountainous valleys, which attracts number of visitors from all around Pakistan and other countries.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of India", "evidence": "- Gilgit-Baltistan is one of the disputed territories of India. [...] - Gilgit-Baltistan is the northernmost territory administered by Pakistan. It is Pakistan\u2019s only territorial frontier, and thus a land route, with China. [...] - India has clearly conveyed to Pakistan that the entire Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, including the areas of Gilgit and Baltistan, are an integral part of the country by virtue of its fully legal and irrevocable accession.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "Gilgit-Baltistan (/\u02cc\u0261\u026al\u0261\u026at \u02ccb\u0254\u02d0lt\u026a\u02c8st\u0251\u02d0n, -st\u00e6n/; Urdu: \u06af\u0650\u0644\u0652\u06af\u0650\u062a \u0628\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0627\u0646 [12] )[a], formerly known as the Northern Areas,[13] is a region administered by Pakistan as an administrative territory and consists of the northern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959.[1] It borders Azad Kashmir to the south, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan to the north, the Xinjiang region of China to the east and northeast, and the Indian-administered union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh to the southeast.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India", "evidence": "As a state, Jammu and Kashmir retained a special status within the Indian governmental structure and followed a modified version of the Indian constitution. A governor, appointed by the president of India, served as head of state (a largely ceremonial position). The actual administration of the state was carried out by an elected chief minister and the Council of Ministers. Jammu and Kashmir also had a two-house legislature. In August 2019, however, the national government effectively suspended the constitution of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Legislation passed that month established a framework for splitting the state into the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the union territory of Ladakh. Under this framework, the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir will be under the administration of a lieutenant governor appointed by the president of India. It will have a Legislative Assembly, with members elected to five-year terms, though it may be dissolved by the lieutenant governor before the term expires. The union territory of Ladakh will likewise be administered by a lieutenant governor. Unlike Jammu and Kashmir (but like most other union territories in India), Ladakh will not have a legislative body.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "Jammu and Kashmir is a union territory of India. Formerly a state of India, it is part of the larger region of Kashmir, which has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since the partition of India in 1947. Legislation passed by India\u2019s parliament in August 2019 set the stage for downgrading Jammu and Kashmir from statehood to union territory status and splitting off a part of it, known as the Ladakh region, into a second union territory. The change went into effect on October 31 of that year. The information that follows describes the former state of Jammu and Kashmir, including the Ladakh region. Jammu and Kashmir is bounded on the northwest by the Pakistani-administered portion of Kashmir. On the northeast and east it is bordered by two parts of China\u2014the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang and the Tibet Autonomous Region\u2014as well as the Chinese-administered portions of Kashmir. The Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab lie to the south. Jammu and Kashmir has an area of 39,146 square miles (101,387 square kilometers). The administrative capitals are Srinagar in the summer and Jammu in the winter.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Aksai Chin is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "China and India have a disputed border territory known as Aksai Chin. It is primarily part of Hotan County, located in the southwestern section of Hotan Prefecture in China\u2019s Xinjiang Autonomous Region, with a tiny portion on the southeast & south sides falling into the Tibet Autonomous Region. [...] The territory of Aksai Chin is situated at the crossroads of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Pakistan, and India. Although India disputes it, it is administered by China. One of the vital boundary disputes between India and China is the Aksai Chin. Aksai Chin is a salt desert at a significantly higher altitude, and soda plain is another name for Aksai Chin. The area is devoid of human settlement. Because of the Himalayas or other mountains, the region receives minimal precipitation but absorbs the Indian monsoon. [...] In the above topic, we have read about the importance of the Aksai Chin. China administers the Aksai Chin region, including Hotan County in Xinjiang\u2019s Hotan Prefecture and Rutog County in Tibet\u2019s Ngari Prefecture. India declares it as part of the Ladakh Union Territory\u2019s Leh District. It is located in the eastern section of Kashmir and has been a source of contention between China and India since the late 1950s. Go through the complete notes to better understand the geographical location, Indian disputes, and history of the Aksai chin.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France", "evidence": "Welcome to Juan De Nova Island, a remote and pristine paradise located in the Indian Ocean. This small island, which is a part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, offers a unique blend of natural beauty, rich biodiversity, and a tranquil atmosphere. [...] Juan De Nova Island does not have a permanent population. However, it is occasionally inhabited by French military personnel and scientists. As a result, the official language spoken on the island is French. As Juan De Nova Island is a French territory, the official currency is the Euro (\u20ac). Visitors should note that the island is uninhabited and does not have any tourist facilities or infrastructure. Therefore, obtaining a visa to visit the island is not applicable.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Aksai Chin is a territory of India", "evidence": "Aksai Chin is a region administered by China partly in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang[2] and partly in Rutog County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet and constituting the easternmost portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and China since 1959.[1] It is claimed by India as part of its Leh District, Ladakh Union Territory. [...] Aksai Chin is one of the two large disputed border areas between India and China. India claims Aksai Chin as the easternmost part of the union territory of Ladakh. China claims that Aksai Chin is part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and Tibet Autonomous Region. The line that separates Indian-administered areas of Ladakh from Aksai Chin is known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and is concurrent with the Chinese Aksai Chin claim line. [...] (b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: \"Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.\";", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Aksai Chin is a territory of China", "evidence": "Aksai Chin is a region administered by China partly in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang[2] and partly in Rutog County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet and constituting the easternmost portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and China since 1959.[1] It is claimed by India as part of its Leh District, Ladakh Union Territory. [...] Aksai Chin is one of the two large disputed border areas between India and China. India claims Aksai Chin as the easternmost part of the union territory of Ladakh. China claims that Aksai Chin is part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and Tibet Autonomous Region. The line that separates Indian-administered areas of Ladakh from Aksai Chin is known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and is concurrent with the Chinese Aksai Chin claim line. [...] \u0645\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0644\u06d5 \u064a\u0627\u0632\u063a\u06c7\u0686\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u06cb\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06c7\u0631\u06c7\u067e: \u0628\u06c7 \u062a\u06d0\u0631\u0631\u0649\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0649\u064a\u0649\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u062a\u06c8\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0649\u0644\u0649\u062f\u0627\u060c \"\u0626\u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u064a \u0686\u0649\u0646 \" \u062f\u06d0\u064a\u0649\u0644\u0649\u062f\u06c7\u060c \u0628\u06c7 \u0626\u0649\u0633\u0649\u0645\u062f\u0649\u0643\u0649 \"\u0686\u0649\u0646\" \u0633\u06c6\u0632\u0649 \u062c\u06c7\u06ad\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u06c6\u0631\u0633\u0649\u062a\u0649\u062f\u06c7\u060c \u0626\u06d0\u064a\u062a\u0649\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0627 \u0626\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0628\u06c7 \u0633\u06c6\u0632\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0645\u06d5\u0646\u0649\u0633\u0649 \u2013 \" \u062c\u06c7\u06ad\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0626\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0649\u0642 \u062c\u0649\u0644\u063a\u0649\u0633\u0649 \u064a\u0627\u0643\u0649 \u062c\u06c7\u06ad\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0649\u06ad \u0626\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0649\u0642 \u0633\u06d0\u064a\u0649\" \u062f\u06d0\u06af\u06d5\u0646\u0644\u0649\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0649\u062f\u06c7 \u062f\u06d5\u064a\u062f\u06c7. [The author goes on to say that the name of the territory is in Turkish, \"Aksai Chin\", and the word \"Chin\" in that name means China, and it is said that the word means \"White Valley of China or China's White River\".]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Tawang is a territory of India", "evidence": "Tawang is one of the most important districts of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. It also has a geostrategic significance to India. China claims it as south Tibet. Hence, this dispute of territorial demarcation has sparked off geopolitical ramifications for India and China. In India, the Monpas explicitly state that they share border with Tibet, not China (www.economictimes.com, 22 April 2017). But the Tibetan narrative on Tawang has not gained attention in the context of India-China relations. This paper explores the Tibetan argument on Tawang which is deductively appended by historical insights relating to Tawang \u2013 Tibet relations. [...] Monyul was situated in the south of Tsona Dzong, east of Bhutan and north east of Assam. It was also rich in flora and fauna and natural lakes. Political and human geography of Monyul drastically changed today. Tawang became one of the smallest districts of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. Political and administrative power of Tawang has been transferred to Itanagar, the capital city of Arunachal Pradesh. Furthermore, the Tawang administrative district is divided into two administrative units: Tawang and Kitpi. It is one of the most geopolitically significant districts in Arunachal Pradesh because it is considered as India\u2019s Achilles\u2019 heel.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China", "evidence": "In 2006, the Chinese ambassador to India claimed that all of Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory[48] amidst a military buildup.[49] At the time, both countries claimed incursions as much as a kilometre at the northern tip of Sikkim.[36] In 2009, India announced it would deploy additional military forces along the border.[50] In 2014, India proposed China should acknowledge a \"One India\" policy to resolve the border dispute.[51][52] [...] - ^ \"Arunachal Pradesh is our territory\": Chinese envoy Rediff India Abroad, 14 November 2006. Archived 8 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine - ^ Subir Bhaumik, \"India to deploy 36,000 extra troops on Chinese border\", BBC, 23 November 2010. Archived 2 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine - ^ \"The China-India Border Brawl\", The Wall Street Journal, 24 June 2009, archived from the original on 23 September 2011 - ^ \u4f55, \u5b8f\u5112 (12 June 2014). \"\u5916\u9577\u6703 \u5370\u5411\u9678\u63d0\u4e00\u500b\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u7b56\". \u4e2d\u592e\u901a\u8a0a\u793e. \u65b0\u5fb7\u91cc. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India", "evidence": "The United States recognises Arunachal Pradesh as Indian territory and strongly opposes any unilateral attempts by China to advance its territorial claims across the Line of Actual Control (LAC), a senior Biden administration official has said, days after the Chinese military reiterated its claim over the State following Prime Minister Narendra Modi\u2019s visit there. [...] Speaking at his daily press conference on March 20, State Department Principal Deputy Spokesperson Vedant Patel said, \"The United States recognises Arunachal Pradesh as Indian territory and we strongly oppose any unilateral attempts to advance territorial claims by incursions or encroachments, military or civilian, across the Line of Actual Control.\" India has repeatedly rejected China\u2019s territorial claims over Arunachal Pradesh, asserting that the State is an integral part of the country. New Delhi has also dismissed Beijing\u2019s move to assign \"invented\" names to the area, saying it did not alter the reality. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) on March 19 said it has noted the latest comments made by the spokesperson of the Chinese Defence Ministry \"advancing absurd claims\" over the territory of Arunachal Pradesh and asserted that the State \"was, is and will always be\" an integral and inalienable part of India.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "David Gareja monastery complex is a territory of Georgia", "evidence": "David Gareja is a rock-hewn Georgian Orthodox monastery complex located in the Kakheti region, on the half-desert slopes of Mount Gareja, some 60 - 70 km southeast of Georgia's capital Tbilisi. It was built in the 6th century by Assyrian Priests sent to strengthen Christianity in Georgia. The complex consists of thirteen monasteries. Of particular interest are the complexes of Lavra and Udabno. The monasteries were destroyed by the Mongols in 1265, revived in the 14th century by Giorgi V the Brilliant, sacked by Timur, and then destroyed on Easter night 1615 when Shah Abbas' soldiers killed 6000 monks and trashed many of the artistic treasures. The monasteries never regained their former importance, though they remained active until the end of the 19th century. Being the center of religious and cultural life in the past, today these sites surprise us with their architectural design and unique murals of the 10th -11th centuries. According to the belief, visiting David-Gareja three times can be equaled to a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "David Gareja monastery complex is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "The David Gareja monastery complex consists of several monasteries in caves built in the VI century and scattered on a plot of a couple of tens of kilometers along the Georgian border. Part of the monasteries came to the territory of Azerbaijan and is called there Ke\u015fi\u015f Da\u011f. The monastery was founded by the monk David, one of the \"Assyrian fathers\" who preached Christianity in Georgia. This happened 2 centuries after Saint Nino brought Christianity to Georgia. [...] Since the territory of the monastery complex is divided in half by the border, it is the subject of a territorial dispute between the two countries since 1991. Georgia wants to return its shrines, which are of great cultural and historical importance for the country, and for Azerbaijan this territory is important because of the strategic location of the heights. Currently, the David Gareja Monastery attracts tourists like a magnet. Some even stay here overnight, as one day is not enough to see all the local attractions. Amazing and picturesque views from the monastery, as well as its energy, which allows you to forget about the hustle and bustle of life. Since there are no organized food outlets in David Gareja, food and water should be taken with you.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Doi Lang is a territory of Myanmar", "evidence": "Loi Leng is the highest mountain of the Shan Hills. It is located in Shan State, Burma, 45 kilometres (28 mi) to the southeast of Lashio.[2] Geography [edit]Loi Leng is part of a massif with multiple peaks located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the SW Pa-kawlam, 10 km to the north of Mong Pat and 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) to the east of Kawngwit villages. [...] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ Peaklist - 19 Mountain Summits with Prominence of 1,500 meters or greater Retrieved 29 December 2011 - ^ Peakbagger - Loi Leng, Myanmar - ^ GoogleEarth - ^ \"Loi Leng (mountain) - Region: Shan State, Myanmar\". Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2011-12-30.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Juan de Nova Island is a territory of Madagascar", "evidence": "Juan de Nova Island (French: \u00cele Juan de Nova, pronounced [il \u0292\u0265\u0251\u0303 d\u0259 n\u0254va]), Malagasy: Nosy Kely)[1] is a French-controlled tropical island in the narrowest part of the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique. It is a low, flat island, 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi) in size. [...] Juan de Nova[3] is located in the Mozambique Canal, closer to the Madagascar side: 140 kilometres (87 mi) from Tambohorano, 207 kilometres (129 mi) west-southwest from Tanjona Vilanandro and 288 kilometres (179 mi) from the African coast. [...] Juan de Nova Island was assigned a small garrison of 14 soldiers from the 2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment, as well as a gendarme. They settled in housing that formerly hosted SOFIM workers.[8] The troops receive supplies by air every 45 days.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Doi Lang is a territory of Thailand", "evidence": "Doi Lang is the second highest mountain in Thailand at over 2000 meters in altitude. Doi Lang is the best area to view Thailand\u2019s rarest birds such as the Mrs Hume\u2019s Pheasant, Red-faced Liochichla, White-tailed Robin, Rufous Throated Partridge, White-rumped Falcon and more. [...] This morning we have breakfast at 6:30 AM and depart for Chiang Mai. We travel to the first Army check point we passed yesterday and bird there. We then turn left on paved road and follow the base os Doi Lang and spot lower level birds at and altitude of 1800 meters and lower. There are many species here not found at the higher altitudes on Doi Lang or the birds a lower altitudes like in Chiang Mai and Chiang Dao.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Fasht Ad Dibal is a territory of Qatar", "evidence": "[pp. 100-103] 200. Both Parties agree that Fasht ad Dibal is a low-tide elevation. Whereas Qatar maintains - just as it did with regard to Qit'at Jaradah - that Fasht ad Dibal as a low-tide elevation cannot be appropriated, Bahrain contends that low-tide elevations by their very nature are territory, and therefore can be appropriated in accordance with the criteria which pertain to the acquisition of territory. [...] 7. Paragraph 199 of the Judgment states that \"Similar acts of authority have been invoked by Bahrain in order to support its claim that it has sovereignty over Fasht ad Dibal\". However, for the above-stated reasons such acts, even if proved, cannot support the sovereignty claimed by Bahrain over Fasht ad Dibal.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Qit'at Jaradah is a territory of Qatar", "evidence": "Judgment of 16 March 2001 [pp. 99-100] 196. Bahrain claims that Qit'at Jaradah comes under Bahraini sovereignty, since it has displayed its authority over it in various ways, and that this was recognized by the British Government in 1947. In this respect it has referred to a number of activities, including the erection of a beacon, the ordering of the drilling of an artesian well, the granting of an oil concession, and the licensing of fish traps. Qatar contends that Qit'at Jaradah, being a low-tide elevation, cannot be appropriated, and that, since it is situated in the part of the territorial sea which belong to Qatar, Qatar has sovereign rights over it. [...] Jaradah is a very small island situated within the 12-mile limit of both States. According to the report of the expert commissioned by Bahrain, at high tide its length and breadth are about 12 by 4 metres, whereas at low tide they are 600 and 75 metres. At high tide, its altitude is approximately 0.4 metres. [...] Jaradah, the activities carried out by Bahrain on that island must be considered sufficient to support Bahrain's claim that it has sovereignty over it.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Qit'at Jaradah is a territory of Bahrain", "evidence": "Qit'at Jaradah is a cay in the Persian Gulf to the east of Bahrain Island, located 32 km (20 mi) east of Manama, the capital of Bahrain. Historically, the feature is above water only during spring low tide;[1] it sits approximately midway between Bahrain and Qatar,[2] within the 12-mile (19 km) territorial waters of both countries.[3] It was one of several maritime features contributing to a long running dispute between Bahrain and Qatar.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Fergana Valley is a territory of Kyrgyzstan", "evidence": "Fergana Valley is a valley in Central Asia, lying mostly in eastern Uzbekistan, extending into southern Kyrgyzstan and northern Tajikistan. [...] The Fergana valley was ruled by a series of Muslim states in the medieval period. For much of this period local and southwestern rulers divided the valley into a series of small states. From the 16th century, the Shaybanid dynasty of the Khanate of Bukhara ruled Fergana, replaced by the Janid dynasty of Bukhara in 1599. In 1709 Shaybanid emir Shahrukh of the Minglar Uzbeks declared independence from the Khanate of Bukhara, establishing a state in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley. He built a citadel to be his capital in the small town of Kokand. As the Khanate of Kokand, Kokand was capital of a territory stretching over modern eastern Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, southern Kazakhstan and all of Kyrgyzstan.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan", "evidence": "Today Fergana valley is one of the prosperous regions of Uzbekistan. Fertile oases enclose the region. Along the northern boundary f the valley there flows the Syr Darya River, which is formed by the confluence of two smaller rivers - the Karadarya and the Naryn. Their waters feed three main canals - the Big Fergana Canal, the Southern Fergana Canal and the Northern Fergana Canal - the first nation-wide constructions of the twentieth century. The big cities - Fergana, Kokand, Andijan and Namangan are located in the oases of the valley. In the rural area there prevails the cultivated landscape - vast cotton fields, green spots of gardens, melon and gourd plantations and vineyards cut with lines of irrigation ditches. Rows of poplar trees and mulberry trees, plane trees and elms run along the highways. [...] For a long time Kokand was the main city of Fergana valley. The first written evidence about the town of Khavikand can be found in the 10th century chronicles where it was mentioned as a town located on the Great Silk Road and famous for its crafts. In 18-19th centuries it was the capital of powerful Kokand khanate, the state that dominated most of the territory of modern Uzbekistan and contiguous states. Kokand was a big religious center. In the years of its prosperity there were 35 madrassahs and 100 mosques here. Unfortunately, the majority of them were ruined in the course of time or as a result of earthquakes, or by the Soviet power. [...] Fergana valley - the vast prosperous oasis with the most fertile lands in Central Asia and the finest climate - is rightly called Golden Valley.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Isfara Valley is a territory of Tajikistan", "evidence": "Appearance (Redirected from Isfara district) Isfara District or Nohiya-i Isfara (Tajik: \u041d\u043e\u04b3\u0438\u044f\u0438 \u0418\u0441\u0444\u0430\u0440\u0430) is a former district at the northeastern edge of Sughd Region, Tajikistan, bordering on Uzbekistan's Ferghana Valley to the north and Kyrgyzstan to the south.[1] Its capital was Isfara. Vorukh, an enclave surrounded by Kyrgyzstan, is also part of Isfara. Around 2018, it was merged into the city of Isfara. [...] External links [edit]- \"Esfara\", Habib Borjian in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Columbia University (enter keyword \"Esfara\" in search field to access the article).", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Isfara Valley is a territory of Kyrgyzstan", "evidence": "Isfara (Tajik: \u0418\u0441\u0444\u0430\u0440\u0430 Persian: \u0627\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0647; Russian: \u0418\u0441\u0444\u0430\u0440\u0430) is a city in Sughd Region in northern Tajikistan, situated on the border with Kyrgyzstan. The city was the seat of the former Isfara District. There are currently territorial disputes between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan over the area of Isfara Valley.[3] [...] Geography [edit]Isfara is situated near the border junction of three independent states Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, at a height of 863m above sea level. The river Isfara flows through the city. Its territory is 832 km2.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ceuta is a territory of Morocco", "evidence": "Ceuta is a small city on the coast of Morocco. Despite seemingly being a part of Morocco, it actually belongs to Spain. Its main characteristics are: duty-free port, military way-point, strong economy, modern facilities, and beneficial tax laws. Its total area is about 17 square kilometres. [...] Ceuta has about 45,000 residents. Close to 60% of the residents are Spanish, with much of the rest being Moroccan while residents of Indian descent comprise about 1% of the population. Most of the Spanish residents adhere to the Roman Catholic faith while most of the Moroccans are Muslim. Both Spanish and Moroccan are widely spoken. However, Spanish is the official language of business and government. [...] Ceuta does not have an airport. There is, however, a regular helicopter service from Ceuta Heliport linking it to M\u00e1laga Airport. All other access to and from Ceuta is by ferry or land.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ambalat is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Ambalat is a sea block in the Celebes sea located off the east coast of Borneo. It lies to the east of the Indonesian province of North Kalimantan and to the south-east of the Malaysian state of Sabah, and it is the subject of a territorial dispute between the two nations. Malaysia refers to part of the Ambalat block as Block ND6 (formerly Block Y) and part of East Ambalat Block as Block ND7 (formerly Block Z). The deep sea blocks contain an estimated 62,000,000 barrels (9,900,000 m3) of oil and 348 million cubic meters of natural gas. Other estimates place it substantially higher: 764,000,000 barrels (121,500,000 m3) of oil and 3.96 \u00d7 1010 cubic meters (1.4 trillion cubic feet) of gas, in only one of nine points in Ambalat.[1] Sovereignty dispute [edit]Territorial claims [edit]Malaysia [edit]The dispute over the Ambalat stretch of the Celebes Sea began with the publication of a map produced by Malaysia in 1979 showing its territorial waters and continental shelf. The map drew Malaysia's maritime boundary running in a southeast direction in the Celebes Sea from the eastmost point of the Indonesia-Malaysia land border on the eastern shore of Sebatik island, thus including the Ambalat blocks, or at least a large portion of it, within Malaysian territorial waters. Indonesia has, like the other neighbours of Malaysia, objected to the map.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ambalat is a territory of Indonesia", "evidence": "Italy\u2019s Eni (BIT:ENI) remains unable to resume upstream exploration activities in the Ambalat Block offshore Indonesia as a maritime territorial dispute between Malaysian and Indonesia has not been resolved. [...] Ambalat is a block in the Celebes Sea off the east coast of Borneo. It lies to the east of the Indonesian province of North Kalimantan and to the south-east of the Malaysian state of Sabah, and it is the subject of a territorial dispute between the two nations. Malaysia refers to part of the Ambalat block as Block ND6 (formerly Block Y) and part of East Ambalat Block as Block ND7 (formerly Block Z). The deep-water blocks hold an estimated 62 million barrels of oil and 348 million cubic meters of natural gas, according to sources cited by Wikipedia. Other estimates place it substantially higher: 764 million barrels of oil and 1.4 trillion cubic feet of gas, reported Wikipedia. The dispute over the Ambalat stretch of the Celebes Sea started with the publication of a map produced by Malaysia in 1979 showing its territorial waters and continental shelf, according to Wikipedia. The map drew Malaysia\u2019s maritime boundary running in a southeast direction in the Celebes Sea from the eastmost point of the Indonesia-Malaysia land border on the eastern shore of Sebatik island, thereby including the Ambalat blocks, or at least a large portion of it, within Malaysian territorial waters. Indonesia has, like the other neighbours of Malaysia, objected to the map, reported Wikipedia.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Kabaw is a territory of India", "evidence": "Kabaw Valley, a track of land, lies between Manipur sector of Indian's boundary and the western bank of the Chindwin River also known as Ningthi to the Manipuris. In other word, it lies between Kalewa and Tamu, down to the Chindwin River which forms the eastern boundary of Manipur. [Gangmumei Kabui: 1988, The Lost Territory of Manipur: Cession of Kabaw Valley, N. Sanajaoba (Ed.), Manipur Past and Present, New Delhi, p. 23; A.C. Benerjee: 1943, The Eastern Frontier of Britsih India, Calcutta, p. 261] [...] The valley is divided into three subdivisions of Samjok (Thandent), Khumbat (Khambat) and Kale. The Shan holds control over the valley. Gangmumei Kabui, a renowned historian of North East writes, in the 19th century, the valley was a subject of dispute between Manipur and Burma which is a large territory covering 3000 sq. miles, now forms a part of upper Chindwin District of Burma. [Gangmumei Kabui: 1988 The Lost Territory of Manipur: Cession of Kabaw Valley, N.Sanajaoba(Ed.), Manipur Past and Present, Vol.1, New Delhi, p.23]", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar", "evidence": "Select at least two countries or territories to compare and see how they differ from each other. Kabaw Valley #55 among destinations in Myanmar (Burma) [...] The Kabaw Valley also known as Kubo valley is a highland valley in Myanmar's western Sagaing division, close to the border with India's Manipur. The valley is located between Heerok or Yoma ranges of mountains, which constitute the present day border of Manipur, and the Chindwin River. The valley is home to a number of ethnic groups including the Meitei, the Maring tribe, the Thadou people, Kuki people, the Mizo, the Kadu and the Kanan. ()", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon", "evidence": "Golan Heights, disputed territory between Israel and Syria Jerusalem (AFP) \u2013 The Golan Heights, a rocky plateau where 12 youths were killed Saturday amid clashes between Lebanon's Hezbollah and Israeli forces, is a strategic territory partially captured by Israel from Syria. [...] Approximately 1,200 square kilometres of the Golan Heights, which also borders Lebanon and Jordan, were annexed by Israel on December 14, 1981.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Golan Heights is a territory of Israel", "evidence": "MANSOUR AYYAD SH. A. ALOTAIBI (Kuwait) emphasized that the Golan Heights is Syrian territory occupied by Israel in violation of Council resolutions. Israel\u2019s decision to impose its authority is null and void, with no impact on the international stage, he added, expressing regret at the decision by the United States. Kuwait supports Syria\u2019s desire to regain all of the Golan Heights, he stressed, commending UNDOF as one of the few remaining sources of stability in the region. Emphasizing that the Area of Separation must be free of any military presence, he called upon all parties concerned to demonstrate restraint and avoid escalating tensions. KAREN PIERCE (United Kingdom) said that her delegation\u2019s position \u2014 that the Golan is territory occupied by Israel \u2014 remains unchanged. The decision by the United States contravenes resolution 497 (1981), she said, affirming her country\u2019s belief in the rules-based international order. Acknowledging Israel\u2019s right to defend itself, she urged the Assad regime as well as Iran and Hizbullah to refrain from actions that could increase insecurity and put civilians at risk, while encouraging the United States Administration to advance viable proposals for an Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement through substantive peace talks leading to a two-State solution.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Golan Heights is a territory of Syria", "evidence": "The Golan Heights is a territory in Israel\u2019s northeast corner, on the Syrian border. It\u2019s rural, mountainous and mostly empty. Fewer than 50,000 people live there \u2014 less than 1 percent of Israel\u2019s population of 8.7 million. Half of the Golan\u2019s residents are Jewish Israelis who live mostly in small agricultural communities. The other half are from a religious group called the Druze, who are mostly citizens of Syria. [...] Good question! The Golan wasn\u2019t always controlled by Israel. Until 1967, it was part of Syria, but Israel took control of the area that year in the Six-Day War. Israelis began moving there almost immediately, and Israel fully annexed the Golan in 1981, treating it like any other part of the country. It offered the Syrian Druze residents citizenship, but most of them have declined. [...] Kind of. Israel thinks so, but no other country has recognized its sovereignty over the heights \u2014 including the U.S. The international community sees the Golan as Syrian territory occupied by Israel in a war \u2014 a view shared by every president before Trump.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Green Line is a territory of Palestine", "evidence": "The June 4, 1967 border, also known as green line, is the internationally recognized border between the occupied Palestinian territory (i.e. West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and Gaza Strip) and the State of Israel. The occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) represents an area equivalent to 22 percent of historic Palestine. The boundaries of the oPt were established through the signing of armistice agreements between Egypt and Jordan on the one hand, and Israel, on the other, following the war of 1948, and the subsequent creation of the State of Israel on 78 percent of historic Palestine. [...] The June 4, 1967 borders represent the internationally recognized boundary between Israel and the occupied Palestinian territory. It also represents the historic Palestinian compromise of 1988 when the PLO limited its claim to 22 percent of historic Palestine. [...] The borders of the Palestinian state, based on the 1967 lines, incorporate the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and Gaza as per the 1949 armistice agreements. In the interest of peace, Palestinians may agree to changes to the 1967 based on mutually-agreed, minor territorial exchanges of equal size and value. In order to be viable, Palestine needs to be an independent and sovereign state with unhindered access to the global community. Palestine also needs to have control over its resources, borders, electromagnetic sphere, and airspace. Palestine\u2019s maritime borders must be equitably delimited with Israel and with its other maritime neighbors.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Green Line is a territory of Israel", "evidence": "An armistice line that in 1949 formed the de facto border between Israel and what was left of historic Palestine The Green Line is a term that emerged in the wake of Israel\u2019s establishment in 1948, whose proper name is the 1949 Armistice Line. It refers to the border separating pre-1967 Israel from the Occupied Palestinian Territories, and constitutes an internationally recognised border. However, it is important to note that Israel has never specified the boundaries of its own state. MORE ABOUT \"GREEN LINE\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "West Bank is a territory of Palestine", "evidence": "As its name implies, the West Bank is a territory situated on the western bank of the Jordan River. Many countries recognize it as being part of the so-called State of Palestine, but Palestine\u2019s borders are yet to be determined, pending a resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. For both Israelis and Palestinians, the West Bank forms the heart of the Biblical Holy Land. It contains several important religious sites that are holy to Jews, Christians, and Muslims. The West Bank is also home to most of the Palestinian population, and the headquarters of the Palestinian Authority (PA). The West Bank has a total land area of 6,220 sq. km. This includes part of the holy city of Jerusalem, known as East Jerusalem. It is bordered by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to the east, and by Israel in all other directions. The name \"West Bank\" was a term first used by the Jordanians when they annexed the territory in 1949, following the first Arab-Israeli war. Many Israelis refer to it as Judea (Hebrew: Yehuda) and Samaria (Hebrew; Shomron), denoting the fact that it was the territory in which the Biblical kingdoms of Judah and Israel (also called Shomron) were situated. Much of the West Bank\u2019s territory consists of north-south oriented limestone hills. These hills are divided between the Samarian Hills north of Jerusalem, and the Judean Hills in the south. The hills slope down into the Jordan Valley and the area adjacent to the Dead Sea, which is the lowest place on Earth.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ceuta is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "Ceuta (Spanish: sewta; Arabic: \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0629, romanized: Sabtah) is a Spanish autonomous city on the north coast of Africa. It is one of several Spanish territories in Africa and, along with Melilla and the Canary Islands, one of only a few that are permanently inhabited by a civilian population. It was a regular municipality belonging to the province of C\u00e1diz prior to the passing of its Statute of Autonomy in March 1995, henceforth becoming an autonomous city. Portugal took possession of Ceuta in 1415. During the Iberian Union 1580 to 1640, Ceuta attracted many settlers of Spanish origin. [...] Ceuta is one of the major plazas de soberan\u00eda (places of sovereignty) along with Melilla. There are also minor plazas de soberan\u00eda that include the rest of Spanish possessions that are mainly little islands with the exception of a peninsula. [...] Ceuta is an integral part of Spain, and therefore of the European Union; its border and its equivalent in Melilla are the only two land borders between the European Union and an African country.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel", "evidence": "The West Bank, including occupied East Jerusalem, covers a land area of 5,655sq km (2,183sq miles), making it about 15 times larger than the Gaza Strip, spread over 365sq km (141sq miles). [...] Jerusalem, a city sacred to Muslims, Christians, and Jews, has had West Jerusalem under Israeli control since 1948, with a Jewish majority. East Jerusalem, including the Old City, has been under Israeli occupation since 1967 and is mostly Palestinian. Since its annexation in 1980, Israel has considered the entire city of Jerusalem a part of its territory. This is not internationally recognised. For this reason, Israeli maps do not show East Jerusalem a part of the occupied West Bank.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine", "evidence": "East Jerusalem (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629, al-Quds ash-Sharqiya; Hebrew: \u05de\u05b4\u05d6\u05b0\u05e8\u05b7\u05d7 \u05d9\u05b0\u05e8\u05d5\u05bc\u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05dc\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05dd, Mizra\u1e25 Yerushalayim) is the portion of Jerusalem that was held by Jordan after the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War, as opposed to West Jerusalem, which was held by Israel.[a] Under international law, East Jerusalem is considered part of the West Bank, and Palestinian territories, and under illegal occupation by Israel.[2][3][4] Many states recognize East Jerusalem as the capital of the State of Palestine (such as Brazil,[5] China,[6] Russia,[7] and all 57 members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation),[8] whereas other states (such as Australia, France and others) assert that East Jerusalem \"will be the capital of Palestine\",[9][10] while referring to it as \"an occupied territory\".[11] In 2020, East Jerusalem had a population of 595,000 inhabitants, of which 361,700 (61%) were Palestinian Arabs and 234,000 (39%) Jewish settlers.[12][13] Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem are illegal under international law and in the eyes of the international community.[14][15] [...] The United States refers to East Jerusalem as part of \"the West Bank \u2013 the larger of the two Palestinian territories\", and refers to Israeli Jews living in East Jerusalem as \"settlers\".[123]", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kalapani is a territory of Nepal", "evidence": "The Kalapani territory is an area under Indian administration as part of Pithoragarh district in the Kumaon Division of the Uttarakhand state,[4][5] but it is also claimed by Nepal since 1997.[6][7] According to Nepal's claim, it lies in Darchula district, Sudurpashchim Province.[8] The territory represents part of the basin of the Kalapani river, one of the headwaters of the Kali River in the Himalayas at an altitude of 3600\u20135200 meters. The valley of Kalapani, with the Lipulekh Pass at the top, forms the Indian route to Kailash\u2013Manasarovar, an ancient pilgrimage site. It is also the traditional trading route to Tibet for the Bhotiyas of Kumaon and the Tinkar valley of Nepal.[9][10] [...] No changes in India's border with Nepal are discernible from the maps of the period.[55] The Kalapani territory continued to be shown as part of India. Following the Chinese take-over of Tibet in 1951, India increased its security presence along the northern border to inhibit possibilities of encroachment and infiltration.[56] The Kalapani area is likely to have been included among such areas.[57] Nepal too requested India's help in policing its northern border as early as 1950, and 17 posts are said to have been established jointly by the two countries.[58][59]", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Susta River is a territory of Nepal", "evidence": "Susta is a disputed territory along the border of Nepal and India. When the Treaty of Sugauli was signed, Susta was on the right side of the Gandaki River; the river's shifting course means that it is now on the left.5 The irony of wanting to contain something that disrupts the very idea of containment is laid bare here. [...] An area of some 5,000 acres . . . of land in Narsahi-Susta area adjoining the Gandak river in West Champaran district has been encroached upon by Nepalese nationals. There is a difference of perception of the boundary alignment between India and Nepal in this area due to shifting of rivers. [...] Susta has always been a part of Nepal and we are Nepali.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Susta River is a territory of India", "evidence": "The reason the dispute persists today is that the rivers, which were counted on as a border, have diverged from their courses several times. Around 600 kilometers of the border is defined by rivers: the Mechi in the east, Mahakali in the west, and Naryani in the Susta area. The unavailability of old maps and documents to revise demarcations has made the situation even harder to resolve. [...] The other major disputed area is the Susta area to the east of the Naryani River, which has seen the most tensions owing to encroachment. A few years back, over 1,000 Indian villagers backed by the Indian border police force (SSB) forcibly entered Nepali territory in Susta. They completely destroyed sugarcane crops in about 10 hectares of land and also manhandled men and women alike. The locals of Susta complain that such incidents are rampant. Also according to reports, land disputes among locals are usually won by Indian nationals, who have the support of the armed SSB. [...] Susta is surrounded by Indian territory on three sides, the north, south, and east, with the Naryani River to the west. Hence, cutting off Susta from Nepal becomes much easier for India to occupy it, which will bring the \"Greater India\" dream of Hindus closer to reality.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Antudanda is a territory of India", "evidence": "Andaman and Nicobar Islands, union territory, India, consisting of two groups of islands at the southeastern edge of the Bay of Bengal. The peaks of a submerged mountain range, the Andaman Islands and their neighbours to the south, the Nicobar Islands, form an arc stretching southward for some 620 miles (1,000 km) between Myanmar (Burma) and the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. The arc constitutes the boundary between the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Andaman Sea to the east. Port Blair (on South Andaman Island) is the territorial capital. Situated on the ancient trade route between India and Myanmar, the Andamans were visited by the navy of the English East India Company in 1789, and in 1872 they were linked administratively by the British to the Nicobar Islands. The two sets of islands became a union territory of the Republic of India in 1956. The territory has for more than a century been recognized for its indigenous communities, which have ardently avoided extensive interaction with ethnic outsiders.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Antudanda is a territory of Nepal", "evidence": "The Ilam Shree Antu Danda tour is a short and scenic tour that offers stunning views of the eastern Himalayas, the Terai landscape, and the tea-growing regions of Darjeeling. [...] The Ilam Shree Antu Danda Tour is a must-do for those looking to experience breathtaking sunrise and mountain views in the Ilam district of Eastern Nepal. Located just a 3-hour car drive from Ilam Bazaar, the trek\u2019s destination, Antu Danda, is a beautiful hillock standing at an altitude of 1,977m above sea level. The trail passes through lush tea bushes and offers stunning natural scenery. Antu Danda is also renowned for its breathtaking sunset views, with the Eastern Himalayan massif serving as the perfect backdrop. [...] Antu Danda offers well-facilitated hotels and cottages for accommodation. The development of these facilities is a result of the increasing flow of tourists visiting Ilam and hiking up to the Shree Antu hill.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Antudanda is a territory of Nepal", "evidence": "Facts and figures on Antudanda at a glance Name: Antudanda (Antudanda)Status: Place [...] Antudanda is located in the region of Province 1. Province 1's capital Dhankuta (Dhankut\u0101) is approximately 80 km / 50 mi away from Antudanda (as the crow flies). The distance from Antudanda to Nepal's capital Kathmandu (Kathmandu) is approximately 293 km / 182 mi (as the crow flies).", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Nawalparasi is a territory of India", "evidence": "NAWALPARASI, May 11: The Indian security forces have adopted high alertness at various places along the Nepal-India border in Nawalparasi district in view of the Lok Sabha (parliamentary) elections in India. The security has been beefed up along the border area as the Bihar state of India prepares for the Lok Sabha elections on May 12. Security has been tightened at Thuthibari, Guthi Prasauni, Bishnapura and Bhujahawa transit points on the border in west Nawalparasi. [...] Similarly, security has been made foolproof at the Tribeni transit point in the eastern Nawalparasi. Security checking has been intensified especially on the border entry points from India.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Melilla is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "Melilla is a Spanish exclave in North Africa, on the Moroccan side of the Mediterranean. In some ways, it's similar to Ceuta but in other ways, it's a unique place. [...] From Morocco. Melilla is completely surrounded by Moroccan territory (and the sea), and this is obviously a very sensitive border. Many try to cross illegally into Spain, with dire consequences. Crossing legally (in either direction) is also an eye-opening experience, but presents no particular difficulties if you are not transporting counterfeit goods or hashish. [...] Melilla (like Ceuta) is a territorio franco, which means no VAT or other taxes.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Nawalparasi is a territory of Nepal", "evidence": "Nawalparasi District is located in Gandaki Province of Nepal. Nawalparasi has total population of 643,508 (Male: 303,675, Female: 339,833), total land area of 2,162 sq KM and total households of 128,793 as per 2011 population census. (Source: Bureau of Statistics, Nepal)", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Artsvashen is a territory of Armenia", "evidence": "Artsvashen (Armenian: \u0531\u0580\u056e\u057e\u0561\u0577\u0565\u0576, lit. 'Eagle village') or Bashkend (Azerbaijani: Ba\u015fk\u0259nd; Armenian: \u0532\u0561\u0577\u0584\u0565\u0576\u0564) is a de jure Armenian village in the Chambarak Municipality of the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. It is a 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi) exclave of Armenia,[1] and is surrounded by the territory of Azerbaijan, which has de facto occupied it since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.[2] [...] From 1920 onwards, Artsvashen formed part of Soviet Armenia, as part of its Karmir (Krasnoselsk) district, initially connected to Armenia by a peninsular land corridor.[11] In 1923\u20131929, the territorial dispute over Artsvashen was settled by a commission of the \"Transcaucasian central executive committee\" in favour of Armenia, however, in January 1927, 12,000 hectares (120 square kilometres; 46 square miles) of land surrounding Artsvashen were \"gifted\" to Azerbaijan. As \"compensation\", in February 1929 Armenia was transferred a narrow strip of land to serve as a land connection to the village, however, this decision was reversed in the 1930s and Artsvashen became an exclave again.[10] During Soviet times, Artsvashen had 2 secondary schools, a branch of a vocational school, a church, a club, a library, a hospital, a pharmacy, a kindergarten, several cinemas, a communication department and, a life service booth.[5]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Artsvashen is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "For the first time, the Armenian leadership began talking about the return of the territory of the village of Bashkend (Artsvashen) to this country, which was taken under control by the Azerbaijani army and militias in 1992. [...] Judging by Pashinyan's statement, Baku did not give consent to the transfer of the village to Armenia. \"You know that the Republic of Armenia cannot abandon this issue, since Artsvashen is part of the sovereign territory of our country. We are going to de jure justify the existence of an exclave. Artsvashen is in the process of demarcation, and the government of the Republic of Armenia has such justifications, after which the demarcation process around Artsvashen will be carried out, we will see what decisions will be made,\" Pashinyan said. [...] The village of Bashkend (Artsvashen), which was an enclave of the Armenian SSR in the territory of the Azerbaijani SSR in Soviet times, now belongs to the Kedabek region of Azerbaijan. According to the administrative-territorial division of Armenia, which disputes the ownership of the village, Bashkend belongs to the Gegharkunik region of Armenia. Bashkend is the largest village (40 km km) of the enclave (exclave) territories.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Gegharkunik province is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Gegharkunik is one of Armenia\u2019s provinces that Azerbaijan calls \"Western Azerbaijan\". Azerbaijan attacked the region in two main directions - Sotk and Verin Shorzha. The region is one of the vital parts of the country; it is where Lake Sevan is situated, one of the main sights and the largest freshwater lake in the landlocked country. Before the war in 2020, the de facto border between Armenia\u2019s Gegharkunik province and Azerbaijan was shorter. But as a result of the war, the Kelbajar region was handed over to Azerbaijan, and the border is now approximately 50 kilometres longer in the direction of Vardenis. The border halved a gold mine that was located right on the administrative border of Armenia with Nagorno-Karabakh, the Sotk gold mine, and now the other half of the mine is in the Azerbaijani part. After the last events, the villagers\u2019 sense of safety has diminished. Surrounded by mountains, they are able to distinguish between Armenian and Azerbaijani hills and they are aware of the source of danger.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Gegharkunik province is a territory of Armenia", "evidence": "Gegharkunik (Armenian: \u0533\u0565\u0572\u0561\u0580\u0584\u0578\u0582\u0576\u056b\u0584, Armenian pronunciation: [\u0261\u025b\u0281\u0251\u027ek\u02b0u\u02c8nik\u02b0] ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Gavar. Gegharkunik is inhabited by approximately 235,075 people and the majority are ethnic Armenians. Gegharkunik Province is located at the eastern part of Armenia, bordering Azerbaijan. It includes the exclave of Artsvashen, which has been under Azerbaijani occupation since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. With an area of 5,348 km2 (2,065 sq mi), Gegharkunik is the largest province in Armenia. However, approximately 24% or 1,278 km2 (493 sq mi) of its territory is covered by Lake Sevan, the largest lake in the South Caucasus and a major tourist attraction of the region. [...] Gegharkunik Province is situated at the east of modern-day Armenia, surrounding the Lake Sevan. Within Armenia, it borders Tavush Province to the north, Kotayk and Ararat provinces to the west and Vayots Dzor Province to the south. The Dashkasan, Gadabay and Kalbajar districts of Azerbaijan form the eastern border of the province. From 1993 to 2020, the province shared a border with the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh, when the Kalbajar District of Azerbaijan was administered as the Shahumyan Province of Artsakh. The Armenian exclave of Artsvashen in Gegharkunik Province is currently occupied and controlled by Azerbaijan.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Karki is a territory of Armenia", "evidence": "Karki (Azerbaijani: K\u0259rki; Armenian: \u054f\u056b\u0563\u0580\u0561\u0576\u0561\u0577\u0565\u0576, romanized: Tigranashen) is a village that is de jure an exclave of the Sadarak District of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan, de facto under the control of Armenia, administrated as part of its Ararat Province. The village has been renamed Tigranashen (Armenian: \u054f\u056b\u0563\u0580\u0561\u0576\u0561\u0577\u0565\u0576) by the Armenian government after the ancient king Tigranes the Great, under whose reign the Kingdom of Armenia attained its greatest power.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Karki is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Karki (Azerbaijani: K\u0259rki) - a village and surrounding territory of 19 sq km (7.3 sq mi) de facto under the control of Armenia, administrated as part of its Ararat Province, de jure an exclave of the Sadarak District of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. Located on Yerevan-Jermuk highway, and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away from the Ararat district centre. The area of the village itself is 950 hectares (2,300 acres). The main highway connecting northern Armenia with southern Armenia passes right by the village, which is today inhabited by Armenians, both locals and refugees from Azerbaijan. The territory was captured on 19 January 1990, by Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, since then the territory has been controlled by Armenia.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, known simply as Nakhichevan, is a landlocked exclave of Azerbaijan bordering Armenia, Turkey, and Iran. [...] Nakhichevan, as an \"exclave\" of Azerbaijan, is geographically separated from the main territory by surrounding alien territory. Nakhichevan retains its autonomy as the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic and is internationally recognized as a constituent part of Azerbaijan governed by its own elected parliament. A new constitution for Nakhichevan was approved in a referendum on November 12, 1995, adopted by the republic's assembly on April 28, 1998, and has been in force since January 8, 1999. [...] As an autonomous exclave of Azerbaijan, Nakhichevan\u2019s GDP, poverty, unemployment and trade statistics are part of Azerbaijan\u2019s statistics. The territory shares all the problems of the former Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy. Other problems result from the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, and pervasive corruption.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Armenia", "evidence": "The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, known simply as Nakhichevan, is a landlocked exclave of Azerbaijan bordering Armenia, Turkey, and Iran. [...] In July 1920, the Eleventh Soviet Red Army invaded, and on July 28 declared the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with \"close ties\" to the Azerbaijan SSR. In November, on the verge of taking over Armenia, the Bolsheviks, in order to attract public support, promised they would allot Nakhichevan to Armenia, along with Karabakh and Zangezur. Vladimir Lenin did not agree and called for the people of Nakhichevan to be consulted in a referendum, held in early 1921. In that referendum, 90 percent of Nakhichevan's population wanted to be included in the Azerbaijan SSR as an autonomous republic. The decision to make Nakhichevan a part of modern-day Azerbaijan was cemented March 16, 1921 in the Treaty of Moscow between the Soviet Union and the newly founded Republic of Turkey. This agreement also called for attachment of the former Sharur-Daralagez uyezd (which had a solid Azeri majority) to Nakhichevan, thus allowing Turkey to share a border with the Azerbaijan SSR. This deal was reaffirmed on October 23, in the Treaty of Kars. So, on February 9, 1924, the Soviet Union officially established the Nakhichevan ASSR. Its constitution was adopted on April 18, 1926.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Yukhari Askipara is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Yukhari Askipara (Azerbaijani: Yuxar\u0131 \u018fskipara, lit. 'Upper Askipara'; Armenian: \u054e\u0565\u0580\u056b\u0576 \u0548\u057d\u056f\u0565\u057a\u0561\u0580, romanized: Verin Voskepar, lit. 'Upper Voskepar') is a destroyed village in an exclave of the Qazakh District of Azerbaijan, currently under the control of Armenia and surrounded by the Tavush Province of Armenia. The exclave has been under control by Armenian forces since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, which also included fighting in Qazakh. Today, the village is destroyed, with only the foundations and some lower portions of the houses remaining.[1] [...] - ^ a b \"\u018fskipara: ill\u0259rin m\u0259saf\u0259sind\u0259\". MEYDAN.TV (in Azerbaijani). 2014-04-18. Retrieved 2022-01-14.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Melilla is a territory of Morocco", "evidence": "Dispute with Morocco [edit]The Moroccan government has repeatedly called for Spain to transfer the sovereignty of Melilla, Ceuta and the plazas de soberan\u00eda to Morocco, with Spain's refusal to do so serving as a major source of tension in Morocco\u2013Spain relations. In Morocco, Ceuta is frequently referred to as the \"occupied Sebtah\", and the Moroccan government has argued that the city, along with other Spanish territories in the region, are colonies.[139][140] One of the major arguments used by Morocco in their attempts to acquire sovereignty over Melilla refers to the geographical position of the city, as Melilla is an exclave surrounded by Moroccan territory and the Mediterranean Sea and has no territorial continuity with the rest of Spain.[141] This argument was originally developed by one of the founders of the Moroccan Istiqlal Party, Alal-El Faasi, who openly advocated for Morocco to invade and occupy Melilla and other North African territories under Spanish rule.[142] Spain, in line with the majority of nations in the rest of the world, has never recognized Morocco's claim over Melilla. The official position of the Spanish government is that Melilla is an integral part of Spain, and has been since the 16th century, centuries prior to Morocco's independence from Spain and France in 1956.[143] The majority of Melilla's population support continued Spanish sovereignty and are opposed to Moroccan control over the territory.[144]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Qazakh Rayon is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Qazax District (Gazakh Disrict; Azerbaijani: Qazax rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north-west of the country and belongs to the Gazakh-Tovuz Economic Region. The district borders the district of Aghstafa, and the Tavush Province of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Gazakh. As of 2020, the district had a population of 98,400.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Qazakh Rayon is a territory of Armenia", "evidence": "Gazakh (Azerbaijani: Qazax; also known as Kazakh or Qazakh) is a rayon of Azerbaijan. It has two exclaves inside Armenia, Yukhari Askipara and Barkhudarli, both of which came under Armenian control during the Nagorno-Karabakh War. In antiquity, this rayon was part of the province of Utik. The region was conquered by a succession of neighbouring powers or invaders, including Sassanid Persians, the Byzantine Empire, the Arabs, the Seljuq Turks, the Georgians, the Mongols, the Timurids, the Kara Koyunlu and Ak Koyunlu Turkoman tribes, and finally Safavid Iran. It was also ruled by Ottoman Empire between 1578 and 1607 and again 1722 and 1735. [...] Ismayil Shykhly - (1919\u20131995) National Writer of Azerbaijan, scientist- pedagogue, social-political figure.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Yaradullu is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Discover Yaradullu in Azerbaijan Yaradullu in the region of A\u011fstafa is a place located in Azerbaijan - some 238 mi or ( 383 km ) West of Baku , the country's capital . [...] Yaradullu is a village in the Agstafa Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Tatl\u0131.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Yaradullu is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Latitude and longitude of Yaradullu - In Azerbaijan [...] Yaradullu is a village in the Agstafa Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Tatl\u0131. [...] Read about Yaradullu in the Wikipedia Satellite map of Yaradullu in Google Maps", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Yaradullu is a territory of Armenia", "evidence": "Furthermore, the Azerbaijani armed forces took control of the protruding large pieces of Armenian territory between the villages of Paravakar, Yaradullu, Kohnaqislaq (approximately 8-10 km\u00b2, including two micro-esclaves of Azerbaijan located west of the village of Yaradullu), the territory north of the village of Vazashen (more than 6 km\u00b2), through which the highway connecting the village of Bala Jafarli with the rest of Azerbaijan runs. They took control of almost all the heights along the eastern border of former Shamshadin region, where small Azerbaijani villages were situated, and Armenian military posts had to be set up much deeper into Armenian territory, at a distance of more than one kilometer from the Soviet-era administrative border. A similar scenario unfolded in Nakhichevan area, marked by the struggle for the control over the heights of the high-mountain Zangezur range (where the 1990s were relatively calm, but the situation escalated in the 2010s).", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Khuriya Muriya Islands is a territory of Oman", "evidence": "The Khuriya Muriya Islands (also Kuria Muria, Kooria Mooria, Curia Muria) (Arabic: \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627; transliterated: Juzur Khur\u012by\u0101 Mur\u012by\u0101 or Kh\u016bry\u0101n M\u016bry\u0101n) are a group of five islands in the Arabian Sea, 40km (30miles) off the southeastern coast of Oman. The islands form part of the province of Shalim and the Hallaniyat Islands in the governorate of Dhofar. In antiquity the islands were called the Zenobii or Zenobiou Islands (Greek, Modern (1453-);: \u0396\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1; Latin: Zenobii Insulae) or Doliche (Greek, Modern (1453-);: \u0394\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c7\u03b7). The islands were mentioned by several early writers including Ptolemy (vi. 7. \u00a7 47) who numbered them as seven small islands lying in Khuriya Muriya Bay (Greek, Modern (1453-);: \u03a3\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2; Latin: Sinus Sachalites), towards the entrance of the \"Persian Gulf\" (most likely the modern Gulf of Aden).[1] The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a periplus dated to between AD 40 and 70, thus mentioned the Khuriya Muriya Islands, then called Isles of Zenobios: [...] The islanders lived in huts of unmortared stone with mat roofs, and at certain seasons they moved to caves. They lived on fish, shellfish and goat's milk, occasionally exchanging dried fish for dates and rice from passing ships. They fished entirely with hooks since they had neither boat nor nets.[3]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea", "evidence": "There have been years of hostilities between the two nations but on November 23, 2010, North Korea launched an artillery attack on South Korea. This was the first confirmed direct attack on South Korea since the end of the Korean War in 1953. There are also claims that North Korea sunk the South Korean warship the Cheonan in March 2010, but North Korea denies responsibility. As a result of the attack, South Korea responded by deploying fighter jets and firing lasted for a short time over the Yellow Sea. Since then, tensions have remained and South Korea has practiced military drills with the U.S. Korean Peninsula Location The Korean Peninsula is an area located in Eastern Asia. It extends south from the main part of the Asian continent for about 683 miles (1,100 km). As a peninsula, it is surrounded by water on three sides and there are five bodies of water that touch it. These waters include the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, the Korea Strait, the Cheju Strait, and Korea Bay. The Korean Peninsula also covers a total land area of 84,610 miles (219,140 km).", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "plazas de soberan\u00eda is a territory of Morocco", "evidence": "The plazas de soberan\u00eda (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8pla\u03b8as \u00f0e so\u03b2e\u027ea\u02c8ni.a], lit. \"strongholds of sovereignty\")[3] is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492\u20131556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa. [...] - \u2191 Mari\u00f1as Otero, Eugenio (1998). \"Las Plazas Menores de soberan\u00eda espa\u00f1ola en \u00c1frica\". MILITARIA. Revista de Cultura Militar. (in Spanish). No. 12. Madrid: UCM. Retrieved 25 March 2020.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Korean Peninsula is a territory of South Korea", "evidence": "South Korea is located in East Asia, on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula located out from the far east of the Asian landmass. The only country that shares a land border with South Korea is North Korea, lying to the north with 238 kilometres (148 mi) of the border running along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. South Korea is mostly surrounded by water and has 2,413 kilometres (1,499 mi) of coast line along three seas; to the west is the Yellow Sea (called Sohae Korean: \uc11c\ud574; Hanja: \u897f\u6d77; in South Korea, literally means west sea), to the south is the East China Sea, and to the east is the Sea of Japan (called Donghae Korean: \ub3d9\ud574; Hanja: \u6771\u6d77; in South Korea, literally means east sea). Geographically, South Korea's landmass is approximately 100,364 square kilometres (38,751 sq mi).[1] 290 square kilometres (110 sq mi) of South Korea are occupied by water. The approximate coordinates are 37\u00b0 North, 128\u00b0 East. [...] The total land area of the peninsula, including the islands, is 223,170 square kilometers. Some 44.8 percent (100 210 square kilometers) of this total, excluding the area within the DMZ, constitutes the territory of the Republic of Korea. The combined territories of North Korea and South Korea are about the same size as the United Kingdom. South Korea alone is about the size of Portugal or Hungary, or the U.S. state of Indiana.[2]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Military Demarcation Line is a territory of North Korea", "evidence": "The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is a region on the Korean peninsula that demarcates North Korea from South Korea. Roughly following the 38th parallel, the 150-mile-long DMZ incorporates territory on both sides of the cease-fire line as it existed at the end of the Korean War (1950\u201353). The areas north and south of the demarcation are heavily fortified, though skirmishes between the two sides are rare. Located within the territory is the \"truce village\" of P\u2019anmunjom, but most of the rest of the land has reverted to nature, making it one of the most pristine undeveloped areas in Asia. The demilitarized zone (DMZ) incorporates territory on both sides of the cease-fire line as it existed at the end of the Korean War (1950\u201353) and was created by pulling back the respective forces 1.2 miles (2 km) along each side of the line. It runs for about 150 miles (240 km) across the peninsula, from the mouth of the Han River on the west coast to a little south of the North Korean town of Kosong on the east coast. Located within the DMZ is the \"truce village\" of P\u2019anmunjom, about 5 miles (8 km) east of Kaesong, N.Kor. It was the site of peace discussions during the Korean War and has since been the location of various conferences over issues related to North and South Korea, their allies, and the United Nations.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Military Demarcation Line is a territory of South Korea", "evidence": "The Military Demarcation Line (MDL), sometimes referred to as the Armistice Line, is the land border or demarcation line between North Korea and South Korea. On either side of the line is the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The MDL and DMZ were established by the Korean Armistice Agreement.[1] [...] In Korean, the line is called the Hyujeonseon (\ud734\uc804\uc120), meaning \"armistice line.\"[5] It is also sometimes called the Gunsa Bungye-seon (\uad70\uc0ac\ubd84\uacc4\uc120), which literally means \"military demarcation line.\" However, in colloquial usage, the dividing line is more often called the Sampalseon (\uc0bc\ud314\uc120, \"38th parallel\"), a name likely coined at the end of World War II, when it would have been an accurate description of the North-South border. [...] - ^ Pak, H\u016di-gw\u014fn. (2000). The Law of the Sea and Northeast Asia: a Challenge for Cooperation, , p. 108, at Google Books; excerpt, \"Under the 1953 Armistice Agreement, the Military Demarcation Line was drawn across the Korean peninsula. Since no maritime demarcation line was specified in the Armistice Agreement, however, the United Nations Command drew the NLL....\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "Sakhalin (Russian: \u0421\u0430\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0301\u043d, IPA: [s\u0259x\u028c\u02c8l\u02b2in]; Japanese: Karafuto (\u6a3a\u592a) or Saharin (\u30b5\u30cf\u30ea\u30f3); Chinese: \u5eab\u9801/\u5e93\u9875 K\u00f9y\u00e8 or \u85a9\u54c8\u6797/\u8428\u54c8\u6797 S\u00e0h\u0101l\u00edn), also known as Saghalien, is a large, long Russian island in the North Pacific, placed between 45\u00b050' and 54\u00b024' N. It is part of Russia territory and is its largest island, administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast. The indigenous peoples of the island are the Sakhalin Ainu, Oroks, and Nivkhs.[1] Most Ainu relocated to Hokkaid\u014d when Japanese were gone from the island in 1949.[2] The 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War resulted a Japanese victory when the Imperial Russian Navy and the Imperial Russian Army got defeated by the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1905 when the Empire Of Japan led by Emperor Meiji declared war on Tsar Nicholas II in 1904 when Trans-Siberian railway was to built more Railway Tracks in Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty and Korea . Japan took the southern part of Sakhalin and renamed it to South Sakhalin and control it from 1905-1945 . [...] Sakhalin is the subject of a whole book by Anton Chekhov (1895), reprinted in many Russian editions of his collected works. It has been translated into English. Of other old books, there is an interesting one by an Englishman, Charles H. Hawes, To the Uttermost East. (N.Y.: Scribner;s, 1904). Now, however, the island is experiencing an oil boom.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Japan", "evidence": "Sakhalin/Karafuto Under Control of the Japanese Empire [...] After the Russo-Japanese War, South Sakhalin became a new colonial territory of Japan. Initially, the Japanese formed the \"civil administration\" of Karafuto, which in reality was the military administration that governed the island. However, from 1907, the newly formed Governorate of Karafuto (Karafuto-ch\u014d) took control of the island. Karafuto was a new territory and its residents, including the Japanese, had no right to vote or participate in politics. It was officially included in the Japanese Empire as a prefecture in 1943. First, the colonial government had planned to promote the development of the island through agricultural settlement. However, it faced issues when agricultural resources were exhausted. The agricultural settlement and development were not successful because it was impossible to produce rice in Karafuto. Farmers worked as seasonal forestry and fishery laborers or produced other cash crops to earn money to buy rice, a staple food for Japanese and Koreans (Nakayama, 2015, p. 23). [...] Paichadze, S. (2022). Sakhalin/Karafuto Under Control of the Japanese Empire.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Japan", "evidence": "The Kuril Islands (/\u02c8k\u028a\u0259r\u026al, \u02c8kj\u028a\u0259r\u026al, kj\u028a\u02c8ri\u02d0l/; Russian: \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301, tr. Kurilskiye ostrova, IPA: [k\u028a\u02c8r\u02b2il\u02b2sk\u02b2\u026aj\u0259 \u0250str\u0250\u02c8va]; \"Kuril Islands\"), also called the Chishima Islands (Japanese: \u5343\u5cf6\u5217\u5cf6, Hepburn: Chishima rett\u014d), are a group of islands (archipelago) between Russia and Japan. The northern islands are a part of Russia and the southern islands are a part of Japan. Both countries say that they own four of the islands in the middle of the group. This disagreement is called the Kuril Islands dispute. [...] North-Chishima / North Kurils [change | change source]- Shumshu (\u5360\u5b88\u5cf6/) [...] South Chishima / South Kuril [change | change source]Little Kuril [change | change source]Japan does not say these are a part of the Chishima Islands - Shikotan \uff08\u8272\u4e39\u5cf6\uff09 - Habomai shoto (\u6b6f\u821e\u8af8\u5cf6) \u2192 2008.3.21 - Habomai Gunto\uff08\u6b6f\u821e\u7fa4\u5cf6\uff09 - Todo\uff08\u6d77\u99ac\u5cf6/Kaiba\uff09 - Taraku(\u591a\u697d\u5cf6Polonskogo)", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "The Kuril Islands dispute, known as the Northern Territories dispute in Japan, is a territorial dispute between Japan and Russia over the ownership of the four southernmost Kuril Islands. The Kuril Islands are a chain of islands that stretch between the Japanese island of Hokkaido at their southern end and the Russian Kamchatka Peninsula at their northern end. The islands separate the Sea of Okhotsk from the Pacific Ocean. The four disputed islands, like other islands in the Kuril chain which are not in dispute, were unilaterally annexed by the Soviet Union following the Kuril Islands landing operation at the end of World War II. The disputed islands are under Russian administration as the South Kuril District and part of the Kuril District of the Sakhalin Oblast (\u0421\u0430\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, Sakhalinskaya oblast). They are claimed by Japan, which refers to them as its Northern Territories or Southern Chishima, and considers them part of the Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture. [...] Russia's view [edit]Russia maintains that all the Kuril Islands, including those that Japan calls the Northern Territories, are legally a part of Russia as a result of World War II, and the acquisition was as proper as any other change of international boundaries following the war. Moscow cites the following points: [...] - ^ censor.net (7 October 2022). \"\u0420\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u044e\" [The Council recognized the Kuril Islands as territory occupied by Russia]. Telegram (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 7 October 2022.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of Japan", "evidence": "Some Japanese scholars, however, dispute the conclusion of the Grand Council of State and interpret its edict differently. The Takeshima Research Center (\u7af9\u5cf6\u554f\u984c\u784f\u7a76\u6240), an official arm of Shimane Prefecture, has been at the forefront in contending that Dokdo/Takeshima is a Japanese island. It claims that what is called \"another island (\u5916\u4e00\u5cf6)\" in the decision of the Grand Council of State did not refer to Matsushima (Dokdo/Takeshima). Because some Japanese people called Ulleungdo \u2018Matsushima\u2019, \"another island\" in the Grand Council\u2019s decision thus refers to Ulleungdo, not Dokdo/Takeshima. The Takeshima Research Center then tries to read Grand Council\u2019s edict: \"The island (Ulleungdo) which sometimes is called Takeshima and sometimes called Matsushima is not Japan\u2019s territory.\"72 In other words, \"Takeshima and another island\" refer to Ulleungdo by two different names, not to Takeshima and Dokdo/Takeshima. This interpretation can only be seen as a tortured reading of the text that defies common sense. Why would the Grand Council of State specifically state \"another island\" simply to repeat Takeshima (Ulleungdo)?", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of North Korea", "evidence": "Furthermore, even in the Korean media there are such statements as given in the article headlined \"Argument That 'Dokdo [Takeshima] Is Korean Territory on Old Maps' Ineffective in International Adjudication\" in the August 17, 2012, edition of the Hankyoreh newspaper, shortly after President Lee Myung-bak's visit to Takeshima. Based on precedents from International Court of Justice rulings in disputes between Thailand and Cambodia and between Malaysia and Indonesia, the article states: [...] - 2012. \"Argument That 'Dokdo [Takeshima] Is Korean Territory on Old Maps' Ineffective in International Adjudication: Historical Entitlement May Not Be Considered Important . . . Despite 50 Years Effective Korean Control . . . Japan Has Raised Steady Objections,\" Hankyoreh, August 17. http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/diplomacy/547540.html (Korean only; accessed on February 27, 2015). [\u21a9]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of South Korea", "evidence": "In the late seventeenth century, Japanese and Korean fishermen clashed over abalone fishing grounds around the island of Ulleungdo (then called Takeshima in Japan). This prompted the Japanese and Korean governments to enter into negotiations over fishing rights on the island; in the end, the Tokugawa shogunate banned Japanese fishermen from visiting Ulleungdo. The South Korean government today points to this resolution as confirming that Takeshima/Dokdo, too, is Korean territory. But this assertion needs close examination. Complicating this issue are records--preserved both in Japan and Korea--showing that a fisherman named An Yong-bok, who was captured and brought to Japan in the clash, returned to Japan three years later and stated that Matsushima (an old Japanese name for Takeshima/Dokdo) was the Korean \"Jasando.\" What implications An's statement has for the present-day Takeshima dispute will also be examined. [...] One other basis for the claim in the South Korean government pamphlet that \"Korea's territorial sovereignty over Ulleungdo and its ancillary island, Dokdo, was confirmed through the diplomatic negotiations between the Korean and Japanese governments\" is the notion that Takeshima/Dokdo forms part of Ulleungdo. If Ulleungdo belongs to Korea, the argument goes, then so must Takeshima/Dokdo. The South Korean government once insisted that Takeshima/Dokdo was recognized as Korean territory by Article 2(a) of the San Francisco Peace Treaty (1951), in which Japan \"renounces all right, title and claim to Korea, including Dagelet (Ulleungdo), etc.\" because Takeshima/Dokdo was an dependent island of Ulleungdo.22 An examination of this ancillary island claim follows.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Heglig is a territory of Sudan", "evidence": "Heglig, or Panthou (also spelled Heglieg or Pandthow), is a small town at the border between the South Kordofan state of Sudan and the Unity State in South Sudan. The entirety of Heglig is claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, but administered by Sudan. The area was contested during the Sudanese Civil War. In mid-April 2012, South Sudan's Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) captured the Heglig oil field from Sudan.[1] Sudan took it back at the Second Battle of Heglig ten days later.[2] [...] In July 2009, the international organization, Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) redefined the boundaries of Abyei, a county that lies between South Sudan and Sudan. The decision placed the Heglig and Bamboo oilfields out of Abyei boundary but did not specify to be belong to the Sudan province of South Kordofan, nor to Upper Nile region, South Sudan and also the decision did not specify oil sharing. The government of Sudan claimed that area is belong to its country since it was ruled to be out of Abyei boundary by PCA and announced they would not share any oil revenue with the Government of South Sudan, emphasizing that the PCA established that Heglig was part of the north. The document of the PCA only indicated that the Heglig or Panthou area is not part of Abyei.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "plazas de soberan\u00eda is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "The plazas de soberan\u00eda (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8pla\u03b8as \u00f0e so\u03b2e\u027ea\u02c8ni.a], lit. \"strongholds of sovereignty\") is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492\u20131556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh", "evidence": "Naf River is a transboundary river marking the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar. It is an elongated estuary in the extreme southeast of cox's bazar district dividing the district from Arakan (Myanmar). It rises in the Arakan hills on the southeastern borders of the district and falls into the bay of bengal. Its width varies from 1.61 km to 3.22 km. The Naf River's average depth is 128 feet (39 m) and maximum depth is 400 feet (120 m). Akyab in Myanmar is on the left bank and Teknaf upazila of Cox's Bazar district is on the right bank of the river.The river is influenced by tidal activity. Shrimp cultivation is extensively practiced on the floodplains of the river. [Sifatul Quader Chowdhury]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Naf River is a territory of Myanmar", "evidence": "Naf River is a river that starts in Myanmar and flows into the Bay of Bengal. The lower part of the river marks the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar. It starts in the Arakan hills. Its width varies from 1.61 km to 3.22 km. The Naf River's average depth is 128 feet (39 m) and maximum depth is 400 feet (120 m).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Noktundo is a territory of South Korea", "evidence": "Alluding to the original ownership of the island Noktundo to Korea, South Korean Media is drawn attention to the fact that in the area of the island Noktundo has lived Korean people for a long time. Thus, in the report of 1883 to King Gojong O Yoon Jung reported about Koreans living on the island of Noktundo, which respect the customs of Korea and did not recognize the Russian traditions. In the report is noted that island of Noktundo is a territory of Korea. Korean emissaries Kim Gwang Hoon and Sin Song Ok, the same year designed in the area of the island Noktundo to assess the current situation on the Russian-Korean border reported that, on the island lived 113 Korean families a total number of which is 822 people.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Noktundo is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "Noktundo is a former island (currently a peninsula) in the delta of the Tumen River on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia and North Korea. The area of the island was 32 square kilometres (12 sq mi). In the 15th century, Noktundo belonged to the Jurchen. In 1587 there was a battle fought on this island between the local Jurchen and the invading army from Yi Sun-sin, a general of Korea. The island was under Qing control until the 1860 Convention of Peking, the Qing Dynasty ceded the island to the Russian Empire. This became a matter of protest to the Koreans, who claimed that the Qing had no authority to do so. In 1990, the former Soviet Union and North Korea signed a border treaty which made the border run through the centre of the river leaving the territory of the former island on the Russian side. South Korea refused to acknowledge the treaty and demanded that Russia return the territory to Korea.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Pedra Branca is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Pedra Branca is an island located at the eastern entrance to the Straits of Singapore from the South China Sea. The origin of the dispute between Malaysia and Singapore was Singapore\u2019s protest of a map of Malaysia that designated Pedra Branca as Malay territory. After negotiations, both states signed a compromis in 2003. 56 Malaysia claimed the original title of the Sultan of Johor, its predecessor, while Singapore claimed that the construction and commission of the Horsburgh lighthouse constituted acquisition of possession \u00e0 titre de souverain and the maintenance of title. Singapore added the alternative claim in oral argument that Pedra Branca was terra nullius until its acquisition of possession by the United Kingdom. 57 [...] Case Concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks, and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore ) ( Pedra Branca case), Judgment, 23 May 2008, ICJ Reports (2008) 12, paras 60\u201369. This article focuses on Pedra Branca. The argument for Pedra Branca can also be applied to the dispute over original title to Middle Rocks and South Ledge.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Pedra Branca is a territory of Singapore", "evidence": "The Pedra Branca dispute was a territorial dispute between Singapore and Malaysia over several islets at the eastern entrance to the Singapore Strait, namely Pedra Branca (previously called Pulau Batu Puteh and now Batu Puteh by Malaysia), Middle Rocks and South Ledge. The dispute began in 1979 and was largely resolved by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2008, which opined that Pedra Branca belonged to Singapore and Middle Rocks belonged to Malaysia. Sovereignty over South Ledge belongs to the state in the territorial waters of which it is located. [...] - Lim, Lydia (24 May 2008), \"Pedra Branca belongs to Singapore: World court ends 28-year dispute, declaring main island is Singapore's; Malaysia gets Middle Rocks\" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the National University of Singapore Newshub website), pp. 1\u20132, archived from the original on 29 June 2019, retrieved 5 October 2008.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Singapore Strait,its territory included all the islands within and adjacent to the Strait. At no time was it suggested that its territory was limited, for example, to islands within 3 nm of its mainland coast. None of these islands was considered to be terra ~zullius. [...] 73 See Care cotzcer-fling Sovereignty over Puln~~ Ligitari and P~llau Sipadan (I17do11esidMalaysia)D, ecisioll on Merits, 17December 2002,ICJ Reports 2002, para. 148.98. It follows that in the mid-nineteenth century Pulau Batu Puteh could certainly not be considered as term rzulli~tsand as susceptible to occupation. As the Court noted in its Advisory Opinion with respect to the WesterrzScrlznra,it is \"a cardinal condition of a valid 'occupation' that the territory shouldbe terrcr~z~llius- a territory belonging to no-one - at the time of the act alleged to constitute the 'occupation'.\"74 The established links between the Johor rulers and Pulau Batu Puteh and the fact that Singapore Strait with its islands were the object of territorial regulation in the 1824 Anglo-Dutch Treaty and the 1824 Crawfurd Treaty, exclude the possibility that any of these well-known islands could have been considered as territory which \"belonged to no-one in the sense that it was then open to acquisition through the legal process of 'o~cupation'.\"~~Pulau [...] (a) These and other islands in and around Singapore Strait were part of the Sultanate of Johor before 1824. This was unaffected by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, which concerned only islands and territory to the south of the Strait.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore", "evidence": "The Singapore Strait is a 113 km-long (70 mi), 19 km-wide (12 mi)[2] strait between the Strait of Malacca in the west and the South China Sea in the east. Singapore is on the north of the channel, and the Indonesian Riau Islands are on the south. The two countries share a maritime border along the strait. [...] Historical records [edit]The 9th century AD Muslim author Ya'qubi referred a Bahr Salahit or Sea of Salahit (from the Malay selat meaning strait), one of the Seven Seas to be traversed to reach China. Some have interpreted Sea of Salahit as referring to Singapore,[4] although others generally considered it the Malacca Strait, a point of contact between the Arabs and the Z\u0101baj (likely Sumatra).[5] Among early Europeans travellers to South East Asia, the Strait of Singapore may refer to the whole or the southern portion of the Strait of Malacca as well as other stretches of water.[6] Historians also used the term in plural, \"Singapore Straits\", to refer to three or four different straits found in recorded in old texts and maps \u2013 the Old Strait of Singapore between Sentosa and Telok Blangah, the New Strait of Singapore southwest of Sentosa, the \"Governor's Strait\" or \"Strait of John de Silva\" which corresponds to Phillip Channel, and the Tebrau Strait.[7] Today the Singapore Strait refers to the main channel of waterway south of Singapore where the international border between Singapore and Indonesia is located.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Only the continental shelf boundary has been determined between the two countries for this segment of their maritime border. The border follows the equidistant line between the baselines of Indonesia and Malaysia and Point 20 is the equidistant point between Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam (see table below).[16] Point 20 is the western terminus of the Indonesia-Vietnam continental shelf boundary which the two countries agreed to in 2003 and the easternmost point of the area of overlapping claims between Malaysia and Vietnam. [...] Point 25 is also the eastern terminus of the Indonesia-Vietnam continental shelf boundary which was agreed to by the two countries in 2003, making it the common tripoint of Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. This is also the western terminus of the Malaysian continental shelf boundary in South China Sea as asserted in the country's 1979 territorial sea and continental shelf boundary map. The boundary is however not recognised by any other country.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Point 20 is a territory of Singapore", "evidence": "Singapore,[e] officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south along with the Riau Islands in Indonesia, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor along with the State of Johor in Malaysia to the north. [...] Singapore consists of 63 islands, including the main island, Pulau Ujong.[289] There are two man-made connections to Johor, Malaysia: the Johor\u2013Singapore Causeway in the north and the Tuas Second Link in the west. Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the largest of Singapore's smaller islands. The highest natural point is Bukit Timah Hill at 163.63 m (537 ft).[290] Under British rule, Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands were part of Singapore, and both were transferred to Australia in 1957.[291][292][293] Pedra Branca is the nation's easternmost point.[294] [...] - ^ \"G20\". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2017.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "Today, it is continuing a dispute about a set of them in the middle of the Indian Ocean, known as the Chagos Archipelago. Formally the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), the archipelago was administered from Mauritius in the days of empire and was detached in the lead-up to Port Louis\u2019 independence from London in 1968. The Chagos Archipelago contains Diego Garcia, now home to a strategically positioned US military base, whose existence was made possible by the forced deportation of those living there, the Chagossians. [...] This 2019 opinion states that the United Kingdom had no authority to sever the archipelago from Mauritius, and thus control over it should be ceded from London to Port Louis. Despite this ruling, however, the United Kingdom has been reluctant to act on its obligations as laid out by the ICJ. [...] Crucially, the current Jugnauth government has stated that \"the end of UK administration has no implications for the US military base at Deigo Garcia, which Mauritius is committed to maintaining\". It will allow Chagossians to return only to the other islands in the archipelago.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "O'Tangav is a territory of Laos", "evidence": "In the meeting, both sides agreed to speed up the finalisation of Vientiane\u2019s Terms of Reference (ToR) in order to proceed with the delivery of a joint letter requesting the French government to supply maps and other related documents to settle a border dispute between the two countries. [...] Territorial disputes with Laos became a hot issue after Lao troops allegedly trespassed into the O\u2019Alay and O\u2019Tangav areas in Stung Treng province\u2019s Siem Pang district, causing a standoff between the two countries. In September last year, both Hun Sen and Thongloun agreed to designate the O\u2019Tangav area as a no man\u2019s land and increase joint patrols of Cambodian and Lao troops there, following an August 2017 standoff.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "O'Tangav is a territory of Cambodia", "evidence": "Second, he added, the Lao side agreed to examine and settle four remaining points as requested in his letter to his Lao counterpart, and those four points have to be solved before that of O\u2019 Tangav. Third, the border committees of both nations are commissioned to negotiate and settle the remaining issues on site, at O\u2019 Tangav in Stung Treng province, the Cambodian premier pointed out. [...] Last month, Samdech Techo Hun Sen issued an ultimatum to Laos to withdraw its troops without condition from the Cambodian territory before Aug. 17, 2017 after he has got no reply from his Lao counterpart to his letter dated Aug. 2, 2017 on the troop withdrawal request. Then, he flied to Vientiane to talk about this issue. Finally, the Lao side agreed to pull back all its troops from the Cambodian territory.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Stung Treng Province is a territory of Laos", "evidence": "I have been interacting closely with ethnic Lao people living on both sides of the border since the early 1990s when I lived in Hang Khone Village along the border between Champasak Province and Stung Treng Provinces, and since then I have also travelled to many parts of the province doing academic and NGO research on multiple occasions, more than it is possible to remember. Therefore, this research is, in many ways, a product of many years of low-intensity research. Yet, in some villages, especially in more remote areas, it is still common to hear ethnic Lao elders claim that Stung Treng (including Ratanakiri Province) was once part of Laos. However, the vast majority of the ethnic Lao there, even those who continue to value their Lao heritage, seem reconciled to their place as Cambodian citizens, and few express any explicit desire for any part of northeastern Cambodia to be reattached to Laos, or to even gain ethnic-based autonomy within Cambodia. However, other views do exist, even if they are not openly expressed.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia", "evidence": "Stung Treng[2] (Khmer: \u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17b9\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1784, UNGEGN: St\u0153\u0306ng Tr\u00eang [st\u0268\u014b trae\u014b]; Lao: \u0e8a\u0ebd\u0e87\u0ec1\u0e95\u0e87, Xiang Taeng, pronounced [s\u00eda\u032f\u014b t\u025b\u0300\u02d0\u014b]; lit. \"River of Reeds\") is a province of Cambodia in the northeast. It borders the provinces of Ratanakiri to the east, Mondulkiri and Krati\u00e9 to the south and Kampong Thom and Preah Vihear to the west. Its northern boundary is Cambodia's international border with Laos. The Mekong River bisects the province. The province is mostly covered by forest, but logging and fishing put high pressure on the forest and fishery reserves.[3] [...] - ^ \"Stung Treng (Cambodia)\" (PDF). Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociol\u00f3gicas. Retrieved 21 November 2016. - ^ \"Stung Treng Province\" (PDF). cambodiainvestment.gov.kh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2019.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia", "evidence": "Prasat Preah Vihear (\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u1791 \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179c\u17b7\u17a0\u17b6\u179a) is one of Cambodia\u2019s revered temples located on the plateau of D\u00e2ngr\u00eak Mountains in Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia. Preah Vihear belongs to Cambodia, though some of the outter areas are still under Thailand\u2019s control. The temple has beautiful views all around and has the most spectacular setting of all the temples built during the six-century-long Khmer Empire. [...] In 1954, Thailand troops invaded Preah Vihear and occupied the temple illegally. In 1959, Cambodia took the incident to the world court, The Hague International Court of Justice, and was ruled that Preah Vihear is in Cambodia territory. On June 15, 1962, the judgment delivered by The Hague Internaional Court of Justice, by 9 votes to 3 votes, ruled that the Preah Vihear Temple lay in Cambodia territory under the sovereignty of Cambodia. Thailand must withdraw its forces from the temple and from Cambodia territory. And by 7 votes to 5 votes, The Hague International Court of Justice ruled that Thailand must restore any sculptures, stelae (carved stone/pillar), fragments of monuments, sandstone models and ancient pottery of the temple.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Thailand", "evidence": "Khao Phra Wihan National Park Khao Phra Wihan National Park #115 among destinations in Thailand [...] Khao Phra Wihan National Park is a protected natural area in Sisaket Province, Thailand, that contains numerous ruins of the 11th century Khmer Empire. The park lies 98 km south of the town of Sisaket, at the end of Thai highway 221. Sited on a red stone cliff that is part of the Dangrek mountain range on the southern edge of the Khorat Plateau, it abuts the international border between Thailand's Sisaket Province and Cambodia's Preah Vihear Province. The name of the cliff in the Royal Thai General System of Transcription is Pha Mo I Daeng. The park was established on 20 March 1998. ()", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Cambodia", "evidence": "Khao Phra Wihan ('Preah Vihear' in Khmer) is a large Khmer temple ruin perched dramatically on a cliff 500m above the plains below. It's just over the border in Cambodian territory and currently not accessible from the Thai side due to a border dispute. All that is open to visitors now are scenic overlooks and some minor Khmer ruins, all of which are interesting, but not really worth the 400B admission fee. Khao Phra Wihan National Park", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Qaruh is a territory of Kuwait", "evidence": "Qaruh Island (Arabic: \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0647) is an island belonging to the state of Kuwait, which received its name from the large amounts of petroleum sediments in the area (known as Qar in Arabic). It is the smallest of the nine islands, and also the furthest island from the Kuwaiti mainland. It is located 37.5 kilometres east of the mainland coast, and 17 kilometres northeast of Umm al Maradim. The island is roughly 275 meters long by 175 meters at its widest (area about 3.5 ha. The island was also the first part of Kuwaiti soil that was liberated from Iraq during the Gulf War on January 21, 1991. Wikiwand in your browser!", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Qaruh is a territory of Kuwait", "evidence": "Despite being Kuwait\u2019s smallest island, Qaruh holds a significant place in the hearts of Kuwaitis for being the first land to be liberated from the Iraqi aggressors in 1991. Located around 37 kms from the Kuwaiti mainland, the island\u2019s name \"Qaruh\" was derived from the presence of tar (Qar) residues on the Island. Speaking to KUNA, Kuwaiti researcher on islands affairs Khaled Salem Al-Ansari said that Qaruh, similar to many other Kuwaiti islands, was not inhabited by people, unlike the only inhabited Failaka Island. He added that the island is part of the capital governorate in the administrative categorization. [...] Al-Ansari also noted that Qaruh Island was host for different kinds of seabirds, adding that some plants grew on the island. On the most significant historical happenings witnessed in Qaruh Island, Al-Ansari said that in 1949, a foreign oil company was given the right to excavate for a period of 60 years. In 1990, as the rest of Kuwait, the island was subject to the Iraqi invasion; however, Qaruh became the first Kuwaiti land to be liberated on Jan 25th, 1991. (KUNA)", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Chagos Archipelago is a territory of Mauritius", "evidence": "Decolonizing governance of ocean resources in the Chagos Archipelago About 1,000 miles south of the Indian subcontinent, over a thousand people are hoping to return to their home located in the Chagos Archipelago. In 1810, Chagos became an outlying territory of Mauritius, an island nation 1,300 miles southwest of the archipelago, when Britain captured Mauritius from France. Mauritius gained independence from British colonial rule in 1968, yet the sovereignty of Chagos has remained disputed. From 1968 to 1973, the British forcibly removed Chagossians from their homeland. Now, the Zoological Society of London and government officials from Mauritius are negotiating a marine resource management plan for Chagos as a first step to repatriation. Invited by the Ambassador of Mauritius to the United Nations, Krish Seetah, associate professor of oceans, of environmental social sciences, and of anthropology, will lead a working group focused on incorporating cultural knowledge and traditions into a new marine protected area. Professor of oceans and of Earth system science Rob Dunbar, who is also the W. M. Keck Professor, will support scientific exploration of the archipelago\u2019s marine biodiversity. [...] Krish Seetah (Oceans, Environmental Social Sciences, Anthropology): Lead Principal Investigator (Banner image of Chagos Archipelago courtesy of Rob Dunbar)", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia", "evidence": "BAHRAIN and QATAR: Territorial dispute over the Hawar Islands and maritime boundary between BAHRAIN and QATAR. KUWAIT ownership of Qaruh and Umm al Maradim islands is disputed by Saudi Arabia. IRAN occupies two islands in the Persian Gulf claimed by the United Arab Emirates: Lesser Tunb (called Tunb as Sughra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek in Persian by Iran) and Greater Tunb (called Tunb al Kubra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg in Persian by Iran); it jointly administers with the UAE an island in the Persian Gulf claimed by the UAE (called Abu Musa in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Abu Musa in Persian by Iran)-over which Iran has taken steps to exert unilateral control since 1992, including access restrictions and a military build-up on the island; the UAE has garnered significant diplomatic support in the region in protesting these Iranian actions.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait", "evidence": "Battle of Qurah and Umm al Maradim The Battle for Qurah and Umm al Maradim, were several naval and land battles for control over the islands off the coast of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf, mainly the islands of Qurah and Umm al Maradim. [...] Umm al Maradim [edit]On 29 January, in the northern Persian Gulf, the five ships of Amphibious Ready Group (ARG) ALFA \u2013 USS Okinawa, USS Ogden, USS Fort McHenry, USS Cayuga and USS Durham steamed near the Kuwaiti island Umm al Maradim. United States Marines assaulted the 300-meter by 400-metre island 12 miles off the Kuwaiti coast using embarked Marine helicopter. After several hours of intense combat, the marines succeeded in liberating the second Kuwaiti island. After destroying Iraqi anti-aircraft weapons and artillery stored on the island, which had been used as an early warning post by the enemy, the Marines raised the Kuwaiti flag over the second parcel of reclaimed territory.[2]", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sabah is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "\"This is an irresponsible statement that affects bilateral ties,\" Hishammuddin said. \"Sabah is, and will always be, part of Malaysia.\" [...] Sabah is located at the north-eastern tip of Borneo and lies about 500 kilometres from the Philippines. Although Malaysia controls the territory, the Philippines has laid claim over Sabah since 1961. [...] Furthermore, S Jayaratnam, the vice dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Singapore defended Malaysia by averring that the Philippines\u2019 claim was weak because neither the Philippines nor the heirs of the Sultan have exercised sovereignty or been in effective occupation of Sabah since 1878. Also, Malaysia contends that Sabah has been recognised by the UN and by other countries worldwide as a Malaysian territory thus justifying their claim.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Sabah is a territory of Philippines", "evidence": "Sabah, known for its resource-rich lands, is a territory occupied by Malaysia but claimed by the Philippines as part of Mindanao. [...] Although the Philippines has never relinquished its claim of sovereignty over Sabah, it has for the most part kept that claim dormant to maintain harmonious ties with Malaysia. [...] \"They must be Filipino because Sabah is ours! That\u2019s all there is to it. If Malaysia doesn\u2019t like it, that\u2019s too goddamned bad for them. This question of ASEAN amity \u2013 that won\u2019t get in the way of my assertion of what is ours,\" he said.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "North Borneo is a territory of Philippines", "evidence": "On 12 September 1962, during President Diosdado Macapagal's administration, a distant cousin of the Sulu Sultan, the Philippine government claimed the territory of North Borneo, and full sovereignty, title and dominion over it were \"ceded\" by the heirs of the sultan of Sulu, Muhammad Esmail E. Kiram I, to the Philippines.[46] The Philippines broke off diplomatic relations with Malaysia after the federation was formed with Sabah in 1963, but probably resumed relations unofficially through the Manila Accord, in which the Philippines made it clear that its position on the inclusion of North Borneo in the Federation of Malaysia was subject to the outcome of the Philippine claim to North Borneo.[45] The representatives of Indonesia and the Federation of Malaya seconded that the inclusion of North Borneo into the aforementioned Federation \"would not prejudice either the claim or any right thereunder\".[47] It was revealed later in 1968 that President Ferdinand Marcos was training a team of militants on Corregidor known as Operation Merdeka for infiltration into Sabah.[48] The plan failed as a result of the Jabidah massacre.[49][50] [...] - ^ \"Cession and transfer of the territory of North Borneo by His Highness, Sultan Mohammad Esmail Kiram, Sultan of Sulu, acting with the consent and approval of the Ruma Bechara, in council assembled, to the Republic of the Philippines\". gov.ph. Government of the Philippines. 24 April 1962. Retrieved 7 February 2016. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "North Borneo is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "North Borneo (usually known as British North Borneo, also known as the State of North Borneo)[2] was a British protectorate in the northern part of the island of Borneo, (present-day Sabah). The territory of North Borneo was originally established by concessions of the Sultanates of Brunei and Sulu in 1877 and 1878 to a German-born representative of Austria-Hungary, businessman and diplomat, Gustav Overbeck. [...] History [edit]Foundation and early years [edit]North Borneo was founded in 1877\u20131878 through a series of land concessions in northern Borneo from the Sultanate of Brunei and Sulu to an Austrian-German businessman and diplomat, Gustav Overbeck.[3][4][5] A former American Trading Company of Borneo territory on the western coast of northern Borneo had already passed to Overbeck,[6] requiring him to go to Brunei to renew the concession of the land he bought from Joseph William Torrey.[7][8][9] William Clark Cowie played an important role as a close friend of the Sultanate of Sulu in helping Overbeck to buy additional land on the eastern coast of Borneo.[10][11][12] Meanwhile, the Sultanate of Bulungan's influence also reached Tawau on the south-eastern coast,[13] but came under the influence of the more powerful Sultanate of Sulu.[14] [...] I. The State of North Borneo comprises the territories specified in the said Royal Charter, and such other territories as the Company have acquired, or may hereafter acquire, \u2018under the provisions of Article XV of the said Charter.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Siachen Glacier is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "A Map of the Strange Borders Between Pakistan and India around the Siachen Glacier The Siachen Glacier is part of a larger territory dispute between India and Pakistan. Both India and Pakistan have had a significant military presence here (mostly along the Saltoro Ridge) since April 1984. The conflict has been called, The Highest Battleground in the World\". Pakistan and India spend upwards of $1 million dollars a day to keep troops amassed along such demanding and inhospitable terrain. [...] Around the same time, Pakistan had also started to grant climbing permits to K2, the Himilayan mountain known as the hardest mountain to climb. When the Indian Army learned of this, they immediately assembled a military expedition to the Siachen Glacier. The glacier and the surrounding mountains range from 19,000 to 22,000 feet above sea level. The whole area is extremely cold and heavily glaciated. It is sometimes called The Third Pole. Never-the-less both Pakistani and Indian troops have chosen to remain amassed along the Saltoro Ridge.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Siachen Glacier is a territory of India", "evidence": "Siachen Glacier, the world\u2019s second-longest glacier in non-polar areas, lies in the Karakoram Range of the Himalayas, in the disputed Kashmir region. The glacier covers 76 km from its head at Indira Col on the China-India border to its terminus, with its altitude falling from 5,753m to 3,620m above sea level. The Siachen Glacier is bordered to the north by the great drainage divide, a divide separating the Indian Subcontinent and the Eurasian Plate in the Karakoram region. Although India administers the entire glacier region as part of the Union Territory of Ladakh, Pakistan also claims the region and controls the area to the glacier\u2019s west. [...] The Siachen region is a subject of a territorial dispute between Pakistan and India, with both countries claiming sovereignty over it. The 1970s and 1980s US and Pakistani maps contained a dotted line on the LoC from NJ9842 to Karakoram Pass. However, India held that the dotted line violated the Shimla agreement and may have been a cartographic error. India took control of the Siachen Glacier in 1984 under Operation Meghdoot after getting information on Pakistan\u2019s plans to occupy the region. The Pakistani troops reached the area and found that India had already occupied the glacier, including the Saltoro Ridge.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Saltoro Ridge is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "On the map, Saltoro ridge appears like a dagger and in geopolitical terms it is indeed a dagger, sturck deep into the territories held by Pakistan and which belonged to erstwhile Jammu & Kashmir state of British India. Saltoro mountains are perhaps not high as great spurs of Saser Muztagh range, but still most of them in the north, have heights around 20 to 22K range. The Indian Army posts on Saltoro range, give them a commanding position as they can look deep into territory held by Pakistan towards west and north. In fact the entire region north of Saltoro is mountainous and inhospitable right up to the Hunza valley, where Pakistan and China have built a road jointly. [...] The terrain surrounding Saltoro ridge is such that the Baltistan region west of it, is subject to regular landslides and avalanches. Only recently, a major disaster had struck Pakistan army HQ in the region killing 126 soldiers. Cost of holding terrain west of Saltoro ridge in Baltistan is becoming unreasonably high for Pakistan without any untenable gains. Pakistan\u2019s keenness for a accord, essentially stems out from this hard fact. For India, the gains of holding Saltoro are so apparent and Indian soldiers are also well dug in there in a very commanding position.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Chagos Archipelago is a territory of Maldives", "evidence": "While its former population fights to return home, the Chagos islands are experiencing a remarkable rebounding of wildlife on a reef that\u2019s considered the most pristine in the world. [...] Salomon Atoll is the kind of fabled stop that travellers sail halfway around the world to reach. It\u2019s found south of the Maldives in the north eastern part of the Chagos Archipelago, a region of the British Indian Ocean Territory that encompasses seven atolls and more than 60 low-lying islands. Off most people's radar, the best known island in Chagos is Diego Garcia, a US military base 100 nautical miles south of Ile Takamaka. [...] It's a strange thing to be permitted to use the nation of an exiled people as your private tropical playground. And as we made our way around Ile Takamaka, scrambling over trees and wading through the warm ocean, I was struck by the lushness of the place. In 2010, the UK government created a marine protected area that turned the waters surrounding the Chagos Archipelago into the world\u2019s largest marine reserve. The reason for its creation was, in part, a cynical one, as the highly regulated \"no-take zone\" means that Chagossians can\u2019t fish commercially and acts as yet another hurdle to keep them out.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Sir Creek is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "Sir Creek (/s\u0259r \u02c8krik/ s\u0259r KREEK), originally Ban Ganga,[1] is a 96 km (60 mi) tidal estuary in the uninhabited marshlands of the Indus River Delta on the border between India and Pakistan. The creek flows into the Arabian Sea and separates Gujarat state in India from Sindh province in Pakistan.[2] The long-standing India-Pakistan Sir Creek border dispute stems from the demarcation \"from the mouth of Sir Creek to the top of Sir Creek, and from the top of Sir Creek eastward to a point on the line designated on the Western Terminus\".[2][3] From this point onward, the boundary is unambiguously fixed as defined by the Tribunal Award of 1968.[4] [...] Sir Creek lies just to the west of the Great Rann of Kutch area of India. On the Indian side, Sir Creek is one of the six main creeks in this area, the others being Vian Wari Creek (Vianbari and Viyanbari), Pir Sanai, Pabevari, Padala (16 km (9.9 mi) southeast from Sir Creek), and easternmost Kori (34 km (21 mi) southeast from Sir Creek).[7][5] All of these creeks are within the undisputed territory of India, except the westernmost creek, Sir Creek, which is claimed by both India and Pakistan. These evershifting creeks exit Indian territory, enter Pakistan, re-enter India, and vice versa, creating a hard-to-patrol, marshy wetland border with no physical barrier or fencing.[5]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Sir Creek is a territory of India", "evidence": "Sir Creek - Sir Creek is a 96-km strip of water disputed between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands. Originally named Ban Ganga, Sir Creek is named after a British representative. [...] The Genesis - The marshland of Sir Creek first became disputed in the early 20th century when the Rao of Kutch and the Chief Commissioner of Sindh Province of British India, due to different perceptions of the boundaries, laid claims over the creek. [...] - Pakistan, however, claims that Sir Creek isn\u2019t navigable but India claims that since it\u2019s navigable in high tide, the boundary should be drawn from the mid channel.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Myanmar", "evidence": "The Three Pagodas Pass is named after three small, crumbling stupas or chedis, probably built at the end of the Ayutthaya period, as a symbol of peace. Three Pagodas Pass is located in the Tenasserim Hillson, the border between Thailand and Myanmar (Burma), at 282 meters (925 feet). The Pass links the town of Sangkhlaburi, north of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, to Payathonzu, south of Kayin State, Myanmar. [...] Three Pagodas Pass is located in the historical area, the path connecting Thailand and Myanmar.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Thailand", "evidence": "Three Pagodas Pass (Thai: \u0e14\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c Darn Chedi Sam Ong) is on the Thai-Myanmar border but accessible to foreigners only from the Thai side. It is located between Sangkhlaburi in Thailand and Payathonzu in Myanmar. [...] From Myanmar: the nearest town is Payathonzu, however foreigners can only get there using the border crossing from Thailand. As of 24th December 2014, the border crossing at Three Pagodas Pass is open to Thai citizens but NOT open to foreigners. [...] Since 2007 the Thai-Myanmar border at the Three Pagodas Pass is closed for foreigners. The information below is only useful when autorities decide to re-open the border.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Ukatnyy is a territory of Kazakhstan", "evidence": "Ukatnyy or Ukatny is an island in the northern Caspian Sea. It is located off the eastern end of the mouths of the Volga.[1][2] Ukatnyy Island is marshy. It has a length of 6.2 km and a maximum width of 4.3 km. It lies in an offshore oil producing area. Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] Other disputed islands[5] near Ukatny are the following:", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ukatnyy is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "Ukatnyy or Ukatny is an island in the northern Caspian Sea. It is located off the eastern end of the mouths of the Volga.[1][2] Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] Other disputed islands[5] near Ukatny are the following: [...] References - ^ Mapcarta - Ostrov Ukatnyy - ^ NASA STS106-719-70 VOLGA DELTA, UKATNYY - ^ Gigantic Oil and Gas Deposits May Be Bones of Contention between Russia and Kazakhstan - ^ Kazakhstan\u2019s border policy: Russian direction. Part 1 - ^ Moscow's Caspian Claim Built on Shifting Sands - ^ Geonames - Ostrov Zhestky - ^ Increasing the primary production of a bay on Maly Zhemchuzhny Island (North Caspian) by means of mineral fertilizers", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan", "evidence": "- Zhestky (Ostrov Zhestky) 45\u00b054\u2032N 49\u00b024\u2032E / 45.900\u00b0N 49.400\u00b0E. Located about 8 km to the WSW of Ukatny's southern tip.[6] - Maly Zhemchuzhny 45\u00b002\u203255.9\u2033N 48\u00b018\u203236.36\u2033E / 45.048861\u00b0N 48.3101000\u00b0E. More a sandbank than a proper island.[7] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ Mapcarta - Ostrov Ukatnyy - ^ NASA STS106-719-70 VOLGA DELTA, UKATNYY - ^ Gigantic Oil and Gas Deposits May Be Bones of Contention between Russia and Kazakhstan - ^ Kazakhstan\u2019s border policy: Russian direction. Part 1 - ^ Moscow's Caspian Claim Built on Shifting Sands - ^ Geonames - Ostrov Zhestky - ^ Increasing the primary production of a bay on Maly Zhemchuzhny Island (North Caspian) by means of mineral fertilizers", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Zhestky is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] Other disputed islands[5] near Ukatny are the following: - Zhestky (Ostrov Zhestky) 45\u00b054\u2032N 49\u00b024\u2032E / 45.900\u00b0N 49.400\u00b0E. Located about 8 km to the WSW of Ukatny's southern tip.[6] [...] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ Mapcarta - Ostrov Ukatnyy - ^ NASA STS106-719-70 VOLGA DELTA, UKATNYY - ^ Gigantic Oil and Gas Deposits May Be Bones of Contention between Russia and Kazakhstan - ^ Kazakhstan\u2019s border policy: Russian direction. Part 1 - ^ Moscow's Caspian Claim Built on Shifting Sands - ^ Geonames - Ostrov Zhestky - ^ Increasing the primary production of a bay on Maly Zhemchuzhny Island (North Caspian) by means of mineral fertilizers", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy is a territory of Kazakhstan", "evidence": "Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is a piece of land in the Caspian Sea. It is an amazing place. Every spring and summer, the island turns into a real \"nursery\" for thousands of gulls and terns. Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy is located in the northwestern Caspian Sea and is a state natural monument of federal significance. Caspian seals haul-out there.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "Read moreMalyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is located in the northwestern Caspian Sea, 80 km from the sea edge of the Volga delta. It is formed from Read moreMalyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is a piece of land in the Caspian Sea. It is an amazing place. Every spring and summer, the island", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ras Doumeira is a territory of Eritrea", "evidence": "Eritrean movements in Ras Doumeira region [edit]In January, Eritrea reportedly requested to cross the border in order to get sand for a road, but instead occupied a hilltop in the region.[13] On April 16, Eritrea is reported by Djibouti to have set up fortifications and dug trenches on both sides of the Djiboutian border near Ras Doumeira.[6] Djibouti, in a letter to the UN calling for intervention, claimed new maps put out by Eritrea showed Ras Doumeira as Eritrean territory. Eritrea denied it had any problems with Djibouti.[14]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ungar-Too is a territory of Kyrgyzstan", "evidence": "The Ungar-Too (also: Ungar-Tepe) is a mountain located on the Kyrgyzstan\u2013Uzbekistan border, which has been a cause of tension between the two countries. There is an important relay station on the mountain, which is of great importance for Kyrgyz telecommunications service providers. Overall, development of the Ungar-Too mountain is limited to six antenna masts and a few smaller buildings. [...] The Uzbek presence on the mountain remained for the time being and was increased to 20 people at the beginning of September 2016. The occupation of the Ungar-Too was also used as leverage in other acute issues, but bilateral negotiations initially remained unsuccessful. The four Kyrgyz workers were held in a police station in Yangikurgan.[4] The diplomatic efforts eventually led to the release of the prisoners and the evacuation of the mountain on 18 September.[5]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ungar-Too is a territory of Uzbekistan", "evidence": "According to him, the Orto-Tokoi water reservoir remains the territory of Kyrgyzstan, but will be used by Uzbekistan. \u00abAs you know, Orto-Tokoi reservoir was used by Uzbekistan by 95 percent. In accordance with the agreement, they had to transfer us a land plot equal to the area of the reservoir \u2014 more than 700 hectares \u2014 as compensation. About 200 hectares have already been transferred, 500 remained. Thanks to the reservoir, we received several disputable areas: Kok-Serek \u2014 105 hectares, Bayastan \u2014 212 hectares, Ak-Tash \u2014 100 hectares, Ungar-Too \u2014 35 hectares, Kara-Beles \u2014 25 hectares. I would like to note that Kara-Beles was previously transfered to Uzbekistan, but we returned it,\u00bb he said. As for Ungar-Too, Kamchybek Tashiev clarified that the border line would run not along the mountain, but at its foot. \u00abUngar-Too itself remains our territory,\u00bb he added.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Vozrozhdeniya Island is a territory of Kazakhstan", "evidence": "Vozrozhdeniya Island (Russian: \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, IPA: [v\u0259zr\u0250\u02c8\u0290d\u02b2en\u02b2\u026aj\u0259] , lit. 'Rebirth Island'; Kazakh: \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b, Vozrojdenie araly; Uzbek: \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438, Vozrojdeniye oroli) was an island in the Aral Sea. The former island's territory is split between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In 1954, the Soviet Union constructed a biological weapons test site called Aralsk-7 there and on the neighbouring Komsomolskiy Island, which also no longer exists.[1] Vozrozhdeniya was once a small island; it was only 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi) in the nineteenth century.[2] However, in the 1960s, the island began to grow in size as the Aral Sea began drying up as the Soviet Union dammed its feeder rivers for agricultural projects.[3] The shrinkage of the Aral continued and accelerated over time, and the receding waters briefly made Vozrozhdeniya the second-largest lake island in the world, at 2,300 km2 (890 sq mi),[4] in the final days of its existence in mid-2001, becoming a peninsula when the South Aral Sea dried up enough that the island joined the mainland.[5] Upon the disappearance of the Southeast Aral Sea in 2008, Vozrozhdeniya was simply a part of the surrounding land, and by 2014 it was simply a part of the land within the extensive Aralkum Desert.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Vozrozhdeniya Island is a territory of Uzbekistan", "evidence": "Vozrozhdeniya Island (Template:Lang-ru, which translates as Rebirth Island or Renaissance Island), or Voz Island for short, was an island in the Aral Sea. The former island's territory is split between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In 1954, the Soviet Union constructed a biological weapons test site called Aralsk-7 there and on the neighboring Komsomolskiy Island.[1] Vozrozhdeniya was once a small island; in the 19th century its size was only Template:Convert.[2] However, in the 1960s, the island began to grow in size; the Aral Sea began drying up due to its feeder rivers being dammed by the Soviet Union for agricultural projects.[3] The shrinkage of the Aral continued and accelerated over time. Vozrozhdeniya became a peninsula in mid-2001 when the channel to its south dried up completely and became a land bridge.[4] Upon the disappearance of the Southeast Aral Sea in 2008, Vozrozhdeniya became technically indistinguishable from the surrounding land. It briefly reemerged as a peninsula in 2010 when the eastern basin was flooded by heavy snow melt before once again becoming indistinguishable as a unique geographic feature. [...] - NASA satellite image comparison between 1989 and 2003 - Biological Decontamination of Vozrozhdeniye Island: The U.S.-Uzbek Agreement - Former Soviet Biological Weapons Facilities in Kazakhstan: Past, Present, and Future - 1960's Satellite images of Soviet laboratory - Top Inhospitable Places in the World", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Limbang District is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Limbang is a border town and the capital of Limbang District of northern Sarawak, East Malaysia. The bustling river port of Limbang (pronounced lim-bahng) is something of a backwater. It's a popular weekend destination among visitor from Brunei Sultanate. Brunei dropped all territorial claims over Limbang, thus ceding the district to the state of Sarawak and recognising it as Malaysian territory, Prime Minister Dato' Seri Abdullah Hj Ahmad Badawi was reported to have told Malaysian media 17 March 2009. This was among the boundary issues resolved under the Letters of Exchange (LoE), which included the establishment of a \"Commercial Arrangement Area\" (CAA) and the right of passage for Malaysian vessels across Bruneian waters. His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam and Malaysian Prime Minister signed the documents at the Istana Nurul Iman.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Limbang District is a territory of Brunei", "evidence": "Limbang, Brunei's exclave, is a small district located in the northern part of Borneo. It's separated from the main territory of Brunei by a strip of land belonging to Sarawak, a Malaysian state. This peculiar arrangement has its roots in historical events and political developments. [...] After World War II, both Brunei and Sarawak gained independence. While Brunei remained a sultanate, Sarawak became a state within Malaysia. Despite the political changes, the territorial boundaries remained intact, leaving Limbang as an exclave of Brunei. The existence of Limbang has significant implications for Brunei. It provides the sultanate with access to the South China Sea, which is important for trade and transportation. Limbang also contributes to Brunei's economy through its agricultural and forestry resources.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Tuzla Island (Ukrainian: \u0422\u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430, Russian: \u0422\u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430, Crimean Tatar: Tuzla; from Turkic \"tuzla\" \u2013 salty, saline, literally: saltpan) is a sandy islet in the form of a spit located in the middle of the Strait of Kerch, between the Kerch Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The island was formed from part of the Taman Peninsula after a 1925 storm. Tuzla Island was formed when the spit that continued the Taman peninsula suffered from massive erosion during a major storm in 1925.[2] In ancient times (2,500 years ago) the sea level was four meters below the present, which meant that at the site of modern Tuzla was quite an extensive area of land, which was part of the Taman Peninsula. Taman Peninsula itself at that time was part of the Kuban delta, and was separated from the rest of the land by river channels, which drained into the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Some historians identify Tuzla as the island of Alopeka, mentioned by ancient authors, located in the waters of Cimmerian Bosporus, and when the island periodically joined to the Asian shore of the Bosporus, the resulting braid[clarification needed] was used as the entrance to the passage through the narrowest part of the Cimmerian Bosporus, which is located between Alopekoy and the European shore of the Bosporus. Other historians and geologists reject such a hypothesis, believing that neither the island nor the Tuzla Spit existed in ancient times.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Tuzla Island is a territory of Brunei", "evidence": "Tuzla Island (Ukrainian: \u0422\u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430, Russian: \u0422\u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430, Crimean Tatar: Tuzla; from Turkic \"tuzla\" \u2013 salty, saline, literally: saltpan) is a sandy islet in the form of a spit located in the middle of the Strait of Kerch, between the Kerch Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The island was formed from part of the Taman Peninsula after a 1925 storm. [...] History [edit]Tuzla Island was formed when the spit that continued the Taman peninsula suffered from massive erosion during a major storm in 1925.[2] In ancient times (2,500 years ago) the sea level was four meters below the present, which meant that at the site of modern Tuzla was quite an extensive area of land, which was part of the Taman Peninsula. Taman Peninsula itself at that time was part of the Kuban delta, and was separated from the rest of the land by river channels, which drained into the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Some historians identify Tuzla as the island of Alopeka, mentioned by ancient authors, located in the waters of Cimmerian Bosporus, and when the island periodically joined to the Asian shore of the Bosporus, the resulting braid[clarification needed] was used as the entrance to the passage through the narrowest part of the Cimmerian Bosporus, which is located between Alopekoy and the European shore of the Bosporus. Other historians and geologists reject such a hypothesis, believing that neither the island nor the Tuzla Spit existed in ancient times.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Strait of Kerch is a territory of Brunei", "evidence": "Kerch's territory was already populated in the prehistoric times. In the late 7th century BC, Greek colonists founded Panticapaeum, which was soon surrounded by smaller towns: Myrmekion, Heraclius, Parthenius and others. Gradually, the territory on both sides of the strait was taken over by the Bosporan Kingdom and Panticapaeum became the capital in 480 BC.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Strait of Kerch is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "1. The Kerch Strait is a strategic water body connecting the Black Sea with the Sea of Azov. Kerch Strait is in Eastern Europe and is the only water body that connects the Black sea with the Sea of Azov, which separates the Kerch Peninsula towards the west from the Taman Peninsula lying in the east. The former is a part of Crimea, and the latter is situated in Russia\u2019s Krasnodar Krai. Hence, the strait offers a convenient navigable passage to the Azov sea, aiding sea transportation. The Strait of Kerch is about three kilometres long, fifteen kilometres broad, and eighteen metres deep. At its narrowest point, which lies at the northern end of the Chushka Landspit, it is only three to five kilometres wide.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ras Doumeira is a territory of Djibouti", "evidence": "The issue of the disputed territory of Ras Doumeira has been a sticking point between the two states which both claim ownership of the barren mountainous strip of land on their joint border. Clashes over control of the land back in May 2008 caused hundreds of military casualties on both sides. Qatar had presided over mediation efforts and maintained a military buffer presence for much of the past decade, but then withdrew its 400 man peacekeeping contingent from Ras Doumeira in the aftermath of both countries\u2019 siding with Saudi Arabia last year at the height of the GCC crisis. In June of 2017, barely a day after Qatari peacekeepers vacated the region, Eritrean troops moved in and took up positions in Ras Doumeira. Ever since, Djibouti has called on the international community to take action on what it refers to as Eritrean military aggression and its refusal to release twelve Djiboutian soldiers it says Eritrea took prisoner during the 2008 military flare up. Eritrea for its part, has always denied having Djiboutian military servicemen in its custody and accused Djibouti of fabricating its claims to gain international sympathy. [...] The complex Ras Doumeira issue is set to be handled by joint Ethiopian-Somali government mediation. Despite Eritrea and Djibouti being on opposite ends of the spectrum especially in regards to the topic of missing Djiboutian soldiers, Djiboutian Foreign Minister Mahmoud Ali Youssouf remains upbeat.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sarych is a territory of Brunei", "evidence": "Susch X Malles Venosta 3480m , ru ^ --f.verne BEJ^N <w ^ ^ Giswii S\u2122xSS\u2122'>rtad \u21224m M oXi^^<k^ [...] Pelabuhan'\" . \u201e. -t- tr\\ \u2014 vnrrnnnr'p ,g g^Singapore* akarta Surabaya j Denpasar full international border disputed de facto border disputed territorial claim border undefined border ceasefire line [...] Mys Sarych ~ ^Yalta", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Sarych is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Government of Malaysia Relating to the Delimitation of the Continental shelf 204 between the Two Countries of 1969, TPF Fthe boundary between the adjacent coast of Borneo/Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Sara wak (Malaysia) gives less than full effect to various Indonesian islands. [...] Sarych (44\u00b023'07''N, 33\u00b044'28''E) to the south. [...] In the south-east this area shall be delimited by the meridian uniting the suthern extremity of the Crimean Peninsula (Cape Sarych) with the delimitation boundary between Ukraine and Turkey.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei", "evidence": "The Sea of Azov is a small body of water surrounded by Russia and Ukraine connected to the Black Sea by the Kerch Strait. It is a shallow body of water and has proven to be strategically important for centuries. Today, the Sea of Azov is important for three geopolitical reasons. First, the Sea of Azov is vital for Ukraine\u2019s economic and military wellbeing. Along the coastline lies Mariupol, Ukraine\u2019s 10th-largest city and one of the country\u2019s leading trade ports. Mariupol is also near the frontlines of the fighting in the Donbas. Under the 2003 Treaty on the Legal Status of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait, both the Sea of Azov and Kerch Strait are shared territorial waters between Russia and Ukraine. However, Russia illegally delays Ukrainian commercial ships from passing through the Kerch Strait. Considering the importance of the strait for Ukraine\u2019s sea-based exports, the economic impact of Russia\u2019s actions is expected to be severe. [...] Second, the Sea of Azov is important for Russia\u2019s continued occupation of Crimea for logistical reasons. With Ukraine still controlling access to the Isthmus of Perekop, the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait play a role in connecting mainland Russia with Crimea and allows the resupply of Russian troops based there.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sea of Azov is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Azov, Sea of (Map: Sea of Azov) (Latin: Palus Maeotis; Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 [Maeotian Swamp or Maeotian Sea]; old Rus': Surozke more; Ukrainian: Ozivske more). A shallow branch of the Black Sea, connected to it by the Kerch Strait. It covers a part of the Black Sea Depression lying between the Donets Ridge and the Azov Upland in the north and the foothills of the Crimean Mountains and the Caucasus Mountains in the south. The Sea of Azov is located between mainland Ukraine in the north, the Crimea in the west, and the Kuban region in the east. In the northeast it is bordered by the Don region. The large rivers that flow into the Sea of Azov\u2014the Don River and the Kuban River\u2014connect it with the continental heartland. The Sea of Azov now lies within the borders of Ukraine and the Russian Federation.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Crimea is a territory of Brunei", "evidence": "Crimea, formerly known as the Tauric Peninsula, is a peninsula in Eastern Europe surrounded by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connect the peninsula to Kherson on mainland Ukraine, with the Strait of Kerch separating it from Kuban, Russia. However, it is linked to the Russian region by the Crimea Bridge. Crimea covers an area of approximately 27,000 square kilometers, roughly the size of the US state of Massachusetts. The peninsula has been a subject of dispute between Ukraine and Russia, with the dispute popularly referred to as the Crimean Question or the Crimean Problem. Although Russia administers Crimea, most international governments consider the peninsula a Ukrainian territory. [...] Currently, Crimea is a disputed territory between Ukraine and Russia, with both countries considering the peninsula as their respective republics. Ukraine claims the region as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, while Russia claims it as the Republic of Crimea. When Ukraine reestablished itself as an independent state, Crimea renamed itself to the Republic of Crimea. Although Ukraine did not initially oppose the name, it did not accept the peninsula\u2019s claim of being a state. In 1992, Russia declared the 1954 Crimea transfer illegal, a move that Ukraine condemned.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Crimea is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Crimea is located between the temperate and subtropical climate belts and is characterized by warm and sunny weather.[56] It is characterized by diversity and the presence of microclimates.[56] The northern parts of Crimea have a moderate continental climate with short but cold winters and moderately hot dry summers.[57] In the central and mountainous areas the climate is transitional between the continental climate to the north and the Mediterranean climate to the south.[57] Winters are mild at lower altitudes (in the foothills) and colder at higher altitudes.[57] Summers are hot at lower altitudes and warm in the mountains.[57] A subtropical, Mediterranean climate dominates the southern coastal regions, is characterized by mild winters and moderately hot, dry summers.[57] [...] Crimea is Ukrainian territory currently occupied by Russia; Ukraine has not relinquished title over the Crimean territory since the events of 2014, and Crimea is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.[37][38][2][39] They exercise administration of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea from Kyiv in the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories. Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy drew attention to this fact in August 2022 when he stated that it was \"necessary to liberate Crimea\" from Russian occupation and to re-establish \"world law and order\".[103]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece", "evidence": "During classical antiquity, the entire Aegean Sea area was incorporated into the Greek and Hellenistic cultural sphere. Great Ionian cities such as Ephesus, Miletus, Smyrna, or Halicarnassus, all of them in Asia Minor, speak of the cultural unity prevailing in antiquity in this wide geographical contour, which was maintained for several centuries thanks to Byzantium. [...] During World War I, the Ottoman Empire, an ally of the Axis Powers, suffered a significant defeat and would eventually collapse in 1922. After the war, the Treaty of S\u00e8vres (1920) established new borders for the Ottoman territory. In the context of the dispute in the Aegean Sea, the treaty granted Greece certain rights and sovereignty over several islands (Imbros, Lemnos and Tenedos), as well as over Eastern Thrace, the Smyrna region and the west coast of Anatolia. [...] A particularly sensitive moment occurred in Imia in 1995. Imia-Kardak are two uninhabited islets whose control is disputed by both countries. After a series of secret landings by the armies of both sides, tensions around the two islands came close to triggering an armed conflict, which was averted thanks to NATO's diplomatic intervention. The same decade also saw the infiltration of numerous Turkish secret agents into Greece, who set off a series of large-scale fires. In response to these actions, some Greek citizens set fires in forested areas located in Turkish territory.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Imia/Kardak is a territory of Turkey", "evidence": "\"When the Figen Akat incident happened,\" the Turkish diplomat claims, \"we realized that Kardak [the Turkish name for Imia] was registered in local Turkish government documents as part of Turkish territory, and we consulted international maps that show Kardak within Turkish territorial waters. We then consulted other agencies that might be informed about the history of the islands and discovered that there was absolutely no doubt about the affiliation of Kardak. But at that moment we did not want to create a political problem, because the issue of the ship had been resolved and there was nothing we could do.\" [...] \"We received a verbal note from the Greek Embassy in Ankara claiming that Kardak was Greek territory. Your diplomats visited our ministry, spoke with me and Minister Baykal, put forward their arguments and we explained to them that according to all information, there is no doubt that the islands were Turkish territory and that for us there is no discussion about it. Then our minister visited the prime minister and stated the same. So for us, the problem was already closed.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Carlingford Lough is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "Carlingford Lough is a glacial fjord or sea lough that forms part of the border between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. On its northern shore is County Down (United Kingdom) and on its southern shore is County Louth (Irish Republic). At its extreme interior angle (the northwest corner) it is fed by the Newry River and the Newry Canal. [...] The Carlingford Lough Ramsar site (wetlands of international importance designated under the Ramsar Convention), is 2,052.23 acres in area, at Latitude 54\u00b0 03' 00\" N and Longitude 06\u00b0 07' 00\" W. It was designated a Ramsar site on 9 March 1998. It is a cross-border site. The northern shore is in Northern Ireland and includes the most significant mudflats in the lough, and an area of salt marsh. The southern shore is in the republic of Ireland. At the mouth of the lough are several small rock and shingle islands which are of importance to terns.[4] [...] - \u2191 5.0 5.1 \"Carlingford Lough Ramsar site\". NI Environment Agency. http://www.ni-environment.gov.uk/biodiversity/designated-areas/ramsar/ramsar_carlingfordough.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-07.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland", "evidence": "Carlingford Lough (Irish: Loch Cairlinn,[2] Ulster Scots: Carlinford Loch[3]) is a glacial fjord or sea inlet in northeastern Ireland, forming part of the border between Northern Ireland to the north and the Republic of Ireland to the south. On its northern shore is County Down, the Mourne Mountains, and the town of Warrenpoint; on its southern shore is County Louth, the Cooley Mountains and the village of Carlingford. The Newry River flows into the loch from the northwest. [...] The Carlingford Lough Ramsar site (wetlands of international importance designated under the Ramsar Convention), is 830.51 hectares in area, at latitude 54 03 00 N and longitude 06 07 00 W. It was designated a Ramsar site on 9 March 1998. It is a cross-border site, with the northern shore lying within Northern Ireland (including the lough's more extensive mudflats and a salt marsh), and the southern shore lying in the Republic of Ireland (where the Carlingford Lough Special Protection Area falls within the scope of the National Parks and Wildlife Service).[9][10][11] [...] - ^ a b \"Carlingford Lough\". Place Names NI. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland", "evidence": "Carlingford Lough is a beautiful coastal inlet sandwiched between the Mourne Mountains in Northern Ireland and the Cooley Peninsula in the Republic of Ireland. [...] Straddling the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, Carlingford Lough is just south of the beautiful Mourne Mountains, right in front of Carlingford town. It is actually an inlet from the Irish Sea, 27km northeast of Dundalk and 100km north of Dublin. County Down lines the north shore and County Louth is on the southern bank. [...] The sheltered waters of Carlingford Lough are actually a rare glacial fjord or sea inlet marking the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea", "evidence": "The Doumeira Islands (Somali: Dumeera, Tigrinya: \u12f1\u121c\u122b, Arabic: \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629) are situated northeast of Djibouti and east of Eritrea near the Bab el-Mandeb in the Red Sea. They consist of Doumeira, located less than one kilometer off of the Eritrean and Djiboutian shore, and the much smaller island of Kall\u00eeda, which is 250 metres (820 ft) to the east. The currently-in-force 1900 boundary agreement specifies that the international boundary starts at Cape Doumeira (Ras Doumeira) at the Red Sea and runs for 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) along the watershed divide of the peninsula. Furthermore, the 1900 protocol specified that Ile Doumeira (Doumeira Island) immediately offshore and its adjacent smaller islets would not be assigned sovereignty and would remain a demilitarized neutral zone.[1] In January 1935, Italy and France signed the Franco-Italian Agreement wherein, among other things, a strip of territory at the northernmost end of French Somaliland (Djibouti), including the Doumeira Islands, was ceded to Italy (Eritrea).[2] However, the question of ratification has brought this agreement, and its provision of substantial parts of Djibouti to Eritrea, into question.[3][4] In April 1996 the two countries almost went to war after a Djibouti official accused Eritrea of shelling Ras Doumeira.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "Disputed status [edit]Lough Foyle is a disputed territory between the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom; after the Partition of Ireland in the early 1920s, each side claimed that it was in their own territory. Although this dispute is still ongoing, there are currently no negotiations as to its ownership. The UK's Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) underlined its view on 2 June 2009 that all of Lough Foyle is in the United Kingdom, a spokesperson stating: 'The UK position is that the whole of Lough Foyle is within the UK. We recognise that the Irish Government does not accept this position...There are no negotiations currently in progress on this issue. The regulation of activities in the Lough is now the responsibility of the Loughs Agency, a cross-border body established under the Good Friday Agreement.'[9] In November 2016, James Brokenshire, MP, the UK's Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, reiterated the UK's view that all of Lough Foyle is in the UK,[10] whilst Charles Flanagan, TD, the Republic of Ireland's Minister for Foreign Affairs, stated that the Republic of Ireland did not recognise Britain's claim to the entirety of Lough Foyle.[11]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Lough Foyle is a territory of Ireland", "evidence": "Lough Foyle: Anglo-Irish talks ongoing to address territorial dispute - Published [...] He replied that the British government's position \"remains that the whole of Lough Foyle is within the UK\". [...] On Wednesday, Northern Ireland secretary responded with one sentence: \"The government's position remains that the whole of Lough Foyle is within the UK.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Gibraltar is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "Gibraltar is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom and is self-governing in all matters but defense. Its constitution was established by the Gibraltar Constitution Order in 1969, which provided for a House of Assembly consisting of the speaker (appointed by the governor), 15 members elected to four-year terms, and 2 ex-officio members. (A new Constitution Order was approved by referendum in November 2006 and was implemented in January 2007; it renamed the House of Assembly as the Gibraltar Parliament and increased its number of members to 17.) In 1981 Gibraltarians were granted full British citizenship. Gibraltarians age 18 or older and British civilians resident for more than six months are entitled to vote. The governor, appointed by the British sovereign, is the head of the executive Gibraltar Council and appoints the Council of Ministers, composed of the chief minister and other ministers, from the party or coalition of parties that gains a majority of seats in the Gibraltar Parliament. Instead of a city council, one minister is responsible for municipal affairs.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Gibraltar is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "Humanities \u203a Geography \u203a Country Information \u203a Geography of Gibraltar Print InterNetwork Media/ Photodisc/ Getty Images Geography Country Information Basics Physical Geography Political Geography Population Key Figures & Milestones Maps Urban Geography By Amanda Briney Amanda Briney Geography Expert M.A., Geography, California State University - East Bay B.A., English and Geography, California State University - Sacramento Amanda Briney, M.A., is a professional geographer. She holds a Certificate of Advanced Study in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) from California State University. Learn about our Editorial Process Updated on December 12, 2019 Gibraltar is a British overseas territory that is located to the south of Spain on the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. Gibraltar is a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea with an area of just 2.6 square miles (6.8 sq km) and throughout its history, the Strait of Gibraltar (the narrow strip of water between it and Morocco) has been an important \"chokepoint.\" This is because the narrow channel is easy to cut off from other areas thereby having the ability to \"choke\" off transit in times of conflict. Because of this, there have often been disagreements about who controls Gibraltar.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Rockall is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "The important section of the Act was this: \"As from the date of the passing of this Act, the Island of Rockall (of which possession was formally taken in the name of Her Majesty on 18 September 1955 in pursuance of a Royal Warrant dated 14 September 1955 addressed to the Captain of Her Majesty\u2019s Ship Vidal) shall be incorporated into that part of the United Kingdom known as Scotland and shall form part of the District of Harris in the County of Inverness and the Law of Scotland shall apply accordingly.\" [...] In terms of proximity there is little doubt that Rockall is Scottish. The nearest point of Scotland to Rockall is Soay in the St Kilda archipelago which is some 187 miles, 301km, to the east. The nearest point of Ireland, which now does not actually have a formal claim to Rockall but which argues that it cannot be used to determine territorial rights, is Tory Island, some 263 miles, 432km, to the south-east of Rockall. [...] Ten years later, Ireland was still arguing about Rockall, and the Westminster Parliament was still debating. Sir John Biggs-Davison asked Secretary of State for Scotland George Younger: \"In view of renewed interest by certain politicians in the Irish Republic, will my right hon. Friend affirm, on behalf of Her Majesty\u2019s Government, that though it be uninhabited, and notwithstanding any negotiations on the law of the sea, Rockall is sovereign territory of the United Kingdom and will so remain?\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Rockall is a territory of Iceland", "evidence": "Rockall - a tiny disputed territory Rockall is an uninhabitable granite islet situated in the North Atlantic Ocean (and a familiar name from the shipping forecast). The United Kingdom claims that Rockall lies within its exclusive economic zone and is part of its territory, but this claim is not recognised by several neighbouring countries. [...] The 1972 Island of Rockall Act, passed by parliament in Westminster, formally declared Rockall to be part of Inverness-shire. The UK, however, is not the only state laying claim to the area. Ireland, Iceland and Denmark (on behalf of the Faroes) have also lodged overlapping claims. In recent years there have been international disputes between Ireland and Scotland over the rich fishing around the rock.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Rockall is a territory of Ireland", "evidence": "The idea that Ireland regards as part of its territory the tiny clump of rocks known as Rockall, 420km northwest of Co Donegal, is a popular misconception \u2013 flag-planting on the rock by brave, patriotic souls notwithstanding. [...] Irish lawyers and diplomats have maintained that nothing as insubstantial or uninhabitable as Rockall can be said to constitute a national territory in any meaningful sense. And particularly in the sense of such a status bestowing economic rights. Irish diplomats successfully fought hard to establish the principle (see clause above) in international law at interminable UN meetings on the drafting of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea. [...] The Scottish move also has implications for Brussels. The Common Fisheries Policy extends access rights for all EU fishing boats to all EU waters that are not covered by the 12-mile territorial exemption. If Rockall, as the Irish contend, does not have its own territorial waters, then the area is simply part of the common fishing zone and Scottish attempts to exclude any boats are a breach of the Common Fisheries Policy.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Rockall is a territory of Denmark", "evidence": "McClean, who served in Aden and Borneo with the SAS, is absolutely clear about his objective: it was political and territorial. He was trying to cement the UK's claim to the ownership of Rockall, to be the first civilian to live there. While it is just a volcanic rock in the sea, its ownership is contested by the Irish, who insist it is closer to Ireland than the UK, the Danes \u2013 who argue it is part of the Faroe Islands sea shelf, and Iceland. [...] Its territorial significance is now much reduced but back then securing Rockall \u2013 at the height of the cold war, with Soviet and Nato submarines engaged in a tense underwater ballet around the north Atlantic \u2013 was about controlling sea space for hundreds of square miles of Atlantic. By the 1980s, it was about securing the oil and gas rights of the Rockall basin. In 1997, the UK accepted Rockall was a rock, with no impact on the UK's maritime territory. The current dispute with Ireland, Denmark and Iceland is over the wider Rockall-Hatton basin.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Dollart bay is a territory of Netherlands", "evidence": "The Dollart (German name) or Dollard (Dutch name) is a bay in the Wadden Sea between the northern Netherlands and Germany, on the west side of the estuary of the Ems river. Most of it dries at low tide. Many water birds feed there.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Doumeira Island is a territory of Djibouti", "evidence": "Ras Doumeira (Cape Doumeira, Somali: Raas Dumeera) is a geographic cape that extends into the Red Sea, towards the Doumeira Islands. The area is in the north of Djibouti and also border Eritrea, and was the subject of the 2008 border dispute between the two countries. In September 2018 ten years after the conflict, it was announced that Djibouti and Eritrea agreed to normalize their relations. [1]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Lake Constance is a territory of Austria", "evidence": "Our region is located on the northern border of the Middle Rhine Valley. When we hike through the hills and valleys of the Siebengebirge and look down on our small part of the Rhine, he has already come a long way from the Swiss Alpes to the Northern Sea, through Liechtenstein, Austria, France and the German L\u00e4nder Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate. [...] When the Rhine was straightened during the 20th century, parts of his old river bed around St. Gallen in Switzerland and Vorarlberg in Austria, were cut off. Today, these cut-off arms are nature reserves. The Alpine Rhine flows into Lake Constance on Austrian territory. Three countries meet here: Austria, Switzerland, and the German state Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. Lake Constance consists of the Obersee (upper lake) and the Untersee (lower lake), which has Germany on the northern bank and Switzerland on the southern. The small Rhine section called Seerhein (Lake Rhine) connects both lakes.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Lake Constance is a territory of Germany", "evidence": "If you are within the lower Bavaria and Bad Wurttemberg, recommend you drop anchor at Lake Konstanz. Lake Konstanz is very popular during summer for families on a long vacation looking for relaxation. It is also surrounded by beautiful villages with unique old town squares, churches, museum, and gardens as well as a rich history. This series of post will take you to Island Mainau, Meersburg, Constance (the town), Lindau, Bregenz, the Rhein Fall , Stein Am Rhine and a side trip to Liechtenstein. Lake Constance is bordered by Germany, Austria and Switzerland and one of the biggest cities is located in the German territory, Konstanz. This city is the center of this lake region and it is a good base if you are interested in night life and shopping, some of the cities like Lindau, Bregenz and Meersburg are good to base in too. [...] To experience Konstanz you need a day and a half, if interested in shopping, add the time you are required to shop. Recommend you book early if planning a family vacation, the Lake is very popular during summer weather. Konstanz is expensive due to the city proximity to Switzerland. To visit the cities around the lake take either the auto ferries or the passenger boat. To access close by villages take a train or rent a bike and enjoy the biking path around the lake.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Olivenza is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "Olivenza is a town located in southwestern Spain, near the Portuguese border, on a historically disputed section of the Portugal \u2013 Spain border. Its territory is administered by Spain as a municipality belonging to the province of Badajoz, and to the wider autonomous community of Extremadura. In 1964, Olivenza became one of the first municipalities in the province of Badajoz that earned a heritage protection status of conjunto hist\u00f3rico-art\u00edstico for their historic cores. The report for the declaration cited that the city of Olivenza, \"surrounded by a beautiful landscape of pasture and farmland, dominated by the imposing castle\u2019s keep\", \"offers a number of buildings, enclosures and places of notable importance in the monumental aspect\". Since 2019 Olivenza has been a part of the network \"The most beautiful towns in Spain\".", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Olivenza is a territory of Portugal", "evidence": "The Extremaduran population of Olivenza (Badajoz) has lived for years in pleasant and peaceful coexistence with Portugal. But this weekend the call was revived Olivenza issue (the historic territorial claim that Portugal maintains over the towns of Olivenza and T\u00e1liga) after the surprising announcement by the Portuguese Minister of Defense, Nuno Melo, of awaken an old claim to Spain: to hand over Olivenza, right on the border of both countries. The issue has reached none other than the CIA. \"Olivenza is Portuguese, naturally, and it is not a provocation,\" he said. Nuno Melo in statements to the media. Melo finished dlinking his statements to the Portuguese Governmentbut insisted on claiming that Olivenza is Portugal, based on the provisions of the Treaty of Alca\u00f1ices in 1297 between the Crown of Castile and Portugal, by which the municipality passed to the neighboring country, although Olivenza returned to Spanish sovereignty during the War of las Naranjas, with the signing of the Treaty of Badajoz in 1801. [...] However, and in defense of Portugal, it is worth remembering that already in 2003, when it was made public The World Factbook of the CIA, the Portuguese Government, through the mouth of its then Minister of Foreign Affairs, Martins da Cruzstated regarding the CIA publication that the Olivenza issue \"it is frozen and should not be reopened\"ensuring that \"the Olivenza problem has been frozen since the Treaty of Vienna of 1815\", rejected by Spain, which refused to cede the territory to Portugal, although it did not rule out that the issue could be resolved \"at another time.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Vila Real is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "Villarreal is a city in the province of Castell\u00f3n, Valencian Community, Spain. In 2010, 51,367 people lived there. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vila-real.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Vila Real is a territory of Portugal", "evidence": "Vila Real (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8vil\u0250 \u0281i\u02c8al] ) is the capital and largest city of the Vila Real District, in the North region, Portugal. It is also the seat of the Douro intermunicipal community and of the Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro historical province. The Vila Real municipality covers an area of 378.80 square kilometres (146.26 sq mi)[1] and is home to an estimated population of 49,574 (2021),[2] of which about 30,000 live in the urban area (2021).[3] [...] Vila Real's privileged location at the crossroad between the Porto-Bragan\u00e7a and Viseu-Chaves roads allowed for a sustained growth over the centuries. Starting from the 17th century, the House of Vila Real attracted the nobility to an extent that during that time the city housed more members of the royal family than any other settlement in Portugal except the capital in Lisbon, and family coats of arms remain above old houses and manors, some of which are still occupied by those families. Vineyards were introduced to the municipality in 1764, growing red, white and ros\u00e9 wines for export. Despite its royal presence, Vila Real remained with the status of town until the increase in population in the 19th century, which led to it gaining the status of capital of the Vila Real District and the historic province of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Vila Real was created in 1922 from the dioceses of Bragan\u00e7a-Miranda, Braga and Lamego and Vila Real finally gained city status under the Portuguese Republic in 1925.[7]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "T\u00e1liga is a territory of Portugal", "evidence": "T\u00e1liga (Spanish: [\u02c8tali\u0263a]) or Talega (Portuguese: [t\u0250\u02c8l\u025b\u0263\u0250]) is a Spanish town and municipality located near the border with Portugal, in the province of Badajoz, in the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura. Portugal considers T\u00e1liga, as well as neighbouring Olivenza, a de jure part of the Portuguese concelho of Olivenza, occupied by Spain since 1801. (See Olivenza#Claims of sovereignty). Under Portuguese administration, T\u00e1liga was a freguesia (parish) of the concelho (municipality) of Olivenza. It became an independent municipality in 1850, already under Spanish administration. [...] External links [edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to T\u00e1liga.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "T\u00e1liga is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "Taliga (T\u00e1liga) is a populated place (class P - Populated Place) in Extremadura, Spain (Europe) with the region font code of Americas/Western Europe. It is located at an elevation of 306 meters above sea level and its population amounts to 705. T\u00e1liga is also known as Taliga, T\u00e1liga. [...] Map and Photos Taliga", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Island of \u0160arengrad is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "Island of \u0160arengrad (Croatian: \u0160arengradska ada, Serbian Cyrillic: \u0428\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0430, pronounced [\u0283\u01cere\u014bgratska\u02d0 \u01ce\u02d0da] or [-\u01ceda]) is a Danube river island situated close to the village of \u0160arengrad in Croatia.[1] It covers an area of 9 km2 (3.5 sq mi).[2] The old riverbed of the Danube caused problems for navigation due to its heavy bending in this area. In order to solve the problem, Austria-Hungary began digging a canal in 1892 to straighten the flow of the river. After 17 years, the Mohovo-\u0160arengrad canal was finally finished, and as a result the Island of \u0160arengrad was formed in 1909.[2][3] [...] In 1998, through the Erdut Agreement, Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia was reintegrated with Croatia. However, the Island of \u0160arengrad together with Island of Vukovar has stayed under Serbian military control.[citation needed]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Glorioso Islands is a territory of Madagascar", "evidence": "The Glorioso Islands are a small atoll in the Indian Ocean off East Africa, near Madagascar, part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. Understand [edit]A French possession since 1892, the Glorioso Islands are composed of two lushly vegetated tropical coral islands (Ile Glorieuse and Ile du Lys) and three rock islets. A military garrison operates a weather and radio station on Ile Glorieuse. [...] Get around [edit]Buy [edit]There is no economic activity in the Glorioso Islands.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Island of \u0160arengrad is a territory of Portugal", "evidence": "Island of \u0160arengrad (Croatian: \u0160arengradska ada, Serbian: \u0428\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0430, in Croatian pronounced as /\u0283\u01cere\u014bgratska\u02d0 \u01ce\u02d0da/ or pronounced as /-\u01ceda/) is a Danube river island situated close to the village of \u0160arengrad in Croatia.[1] It covers an area of 9km2. The old riverbed of the Danube caused problems for navigation due to its heavy bending in this area. In order to solve the problem, Austria-Hungary began digging a canal in 1892 to straighten the flow of the river. After 17 years, the Mohovo-\u0160arengrad canal was finally finished, and as a result the Island of \u0160arengrad was formed in 1909.[2] [...] In 1998, through the Erdut Agreement, Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia was reintegrated with Croatia. However, the Island of \u0160arengrad together with Island of Vukovar has stayed under Serbian military control.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Island of Vukovar is a territory of Portugal", "evidence": "Island of Vukovar (Q560385) [...] Island of Vukovar 0 references [...] - commonswiki Category:Island of Vukovar", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Island of Vukovar is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "Island of Vukovar ( _hr. Vukovarska ada) is a [...] Croatian War of Independence , theYugoslav People's Army and Serbian paramilitary forces occupied the island.In the 1992 Croatia became independent. By decision of theBadinter Arbitration Committee , the borders between the republics became the borders between the countries [ [http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol3/No1/art12-13.pdf Decision of Badinter committee] ] , so the Island of Vukovar officially became Croatian territory under Serbian occupation, like other parts ofEastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Srem (east Croatia) at the time.After the peace agreements in 1998 ,Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Srem were rejoined with Croatia, but the island of Vukovar was left under Serbian military occupation. A similar situation has happened with theIsland of \u0160arengrad .In 2004 Serbia withdrew its army from the island. [ [http://www.skdprosvjeta.com/news.php?id=388] Serbian police are controling the island on Serbian] . Even today, citizens of Croatia are unable to visit their possessions on that island.One part of the peace agreements has been the short term deal that Croatia will control the western part and Serbia eastern part of Dunav [ [http://www.vjesnik.hr/pdf/2002%5C02%5C13%5C05A5.PDF] Map of island and provisional deal on Croatian] . The official Serbian position is that this short term deal will become the future border between the states so that the island of Vukovar is part of Serbia because it is nearer to Serbian coast [ [http://www.novosti.co.yu/code/navigate.php?Id=1&status=jedna&vest=70384] Serbian refusal of", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Gulf of Piran is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "The Gulf of Piran or Piran Bay (Slovene: Piranski zaliv, Croatian: Piranski zaljev or Savudrijska vala, Italian: Baia di Pirano) is located in the northern part of the Adriatic Sea, and is a part of the southernmost tip of the Gulf of Trieste. Overview [edit]It was named after the town of Piran, and its shores are shared by Croatia and Slovenia. It is delimited by a line connecting Cape Savudrija (Savudrijski rt) in the south to the Cape Madona (Rt Madona) in the north and measures around 19 square kilometres (7.3 sq mi). [...] External links [edit]- Conditions in the Gulf of Piran - graphs, in the following order, of water temperature, wave height, wave (interval) period, wave direction, current speed, current direction, maximum wave height data for the past 30 days (taken near Piran by ARSO)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Gulf of Piran is a territory of Portugal", "evidence": "The Gulf of Piran or Piran Bay (Slovene: Piranski zaliv, Croatian: Piranski zaljev or Savudrijska vala, Italian: Baia di Pirano) is located in the northern part of the Adriatic Sea, and is a part of the southernmost tip of the Gulf of Trieste. [...] On the eastern Slovenian coast lies the town of Piran, and the settlements Portoro\u017e and Lucija. On the southern Croatian coast are tourist camps of Crveni Vrh and Kanegra, built in the 1980s. The main river flowing into the gulf is the Dragonja, whose mouth is on the border. Along the mouth of the Dragonja lie the Se\u010dovlje saltpans, covering an area of 650 hectares (1,600 acres). [...] External links [edit]- Conditions in the Gulf of Piran - graphs, in the following order, of water temperature, wave height, wave (interval) period, wave direction, current speed, current direction, maximum wave height data for the past 30 days (taken near Piran by ARSO)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sveta Gera is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "One of the highest peaks in northern Croatia is Sveta Gera (1,178 m/ 3,864 ft). In the past, people used to host livestock fairs at a meadow on top of the mountain. Nowadays, the mountain is a popular destination among hikers and nature enthusiasts. [...] The aptly named Sveta Gera Trail takes you to the summit of Sveta Gera, which is the highest peak in the park and in the \u017dumberak Mountains as a whole. There are a number of trails that you can take to reach the summit of Sveta Gera, which is located on the border of Croatia and Slovenia. One option is to follow a 13 km (8.1 mi) path that starts near the village of So\u0161ice.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro", "evidence": "Prevlaka (Croatian pronunciation: [pr\u025b\u0302\u028blaka]) is a small peninsula in southern Croatia, near the border with Montenegro, at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor on the eastern Adriatic coast. Because of its strategic location in the southern Adriatic, in the aftermath of the SFR Yugoslav breakup, the peninsula became subject to a territorial dispute between Croatia and FR Yugoslavia, a federal state that included Montenegro. The territory was functional under UN until 2002. The UN mission ended in December 2002 and the territory that had previously been part of SR Croatia was returned to the Republic of Croatia. An agreement was signed by both sides five days before the departure of the UNMOP that demilitarized Prevlaka, though implementation still has a temporary character.[1]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Prevlaka is a territory of Croatia", "evidence": "Prevlaka is a peninsula in Croatia at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor in southern Dalmatia, approx. 2.5 km and 460 m wide at its widest part. The Prevlaka peninsula is the southernmost land point in Croatia. It is located in the southeastern part of Konavle, and at its end is the fortress Punta O\u0161tro. Punta O\u0161tro is the old name of the penisula and the fortress, which is 2.5 kilometers away on foot. As part of the fort on Cape O\u0161tra is a lighthouse, a station for transmitting signs and a military house. At the top of Prevlaka there is a dock for boats. [...] Prevlaka Park, in addition to being beautiful for walking, swimming and enjoying untouched nature, there you can play paintball and other games. Kids will enjoy the train ride. At the very end of the peninsula is a fortress from the Austro-Hungarian era that controlled the entrance to the Bay of Kotor.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sastavci is a territory of Serbia", "evidence": "Sastavci (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0446\u0438) is a village in the Serbian municipality of Priboj, in Zlatibor District. It lies immediately east of the village of Me\u0111ure\u010dje, which is an exclave of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are no border controls in or around the village. [...] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sastavci.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Glorioso Islands is a territory of France", "evidence": "The Glorieuses or Glorioso Islands (\u00celes Glorieuses or officially also Archipel des Glorieuses) are a group of French islands and rocks totaling 5 square kilometres (1,200 acres). They are controlled by France as part of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French overseas territory, but are also claimed by Comoros, Madagascar and formerly by Seychelles. They are geographically part of the Comoro Islands between the French overseas region of Mayotte and the nation of Madagascar. [...] While probably earlier known to Arab (perhaps especially Yemeni) navigators, the Glorieuses were named and settled in 1880 by a Frenchman, Hippolyte Caltaux, who established a coconut plantation on Grande Glorieuse. The archipelago became a French possession in 1892 when Captain Richard of the Primauget made a formal claim. In 1895, the Glorioso Island became a part of the colony of Mayotte and dependencies. [...] In 2012, France founded Glorioso Islands Marine Natural Park, a marine protected area, to preserve the endangered flora and fauna of the islands.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sastavci is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "evidence": "Sastavci (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0421\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0446\u0438) is a village in the Serbian municipality of Priboj, in Zlatibor District. It lies immediately east of the village of Me\u0111ure\u010dje, which is an exclave of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are no border controls in or around the village. [...] Rafting Tarom 23.07.2016. rafting klub BODO Sastavci - Mre\u017enica - Sastavci i Klju\u010d", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "evidence": "Peninsula of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Adriatic Sea From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Klek is a peninsula in the Adriatic Sea located southwest of Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It encloses the Bay of Neum, separating it from the larger Bay of Mali Ston and the Pelje\u0161ac peninsula.[1] At the cape of the peninsula, a few hundred meters from the shore, is a small islet as part of a reef consisting series of bare rocks appearing under the water table (Serbo-Croatian: hrid, hridina). It is called Lopata, and at the tip of the reef there is a lighthouse, also called Lopata. At the very tip of the peninsula, there is another lighthouse, called Rep Kleka.[2][3][4] The tip of the peninsula, known as Rep Kleka (also known as Ponta repa and Turski rep), that lies directly across the eponymous village of Klek in Croatia, is disputed between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia; they last negotiated its status in the 1999 Neum Agreement.[5]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Klek peninsula is a territory of Croatia", "evidence": "After the Badinter Commission Yugoslavia was decided to enter \"in process of the dissolution\", the first boundary agreement between successor states has been achieved. The Treaty on the State Border between Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was signed by the Croatian President, Franjo Tu\u0111man and Alija Izetbegovi\u0107, who was the member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1999. The agreement was signed on 30 July 1999 in Sarajevo. The state border between the countries is determined according to the borders at the end of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991. The sea border in the area of Neum and Klek peninsula is delimitated by way of an equidistance line. (see figure 1 below). Article 4 of the treaty states that the State border on the sea stretches along the central line of the sea between the territories of the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in accordance with the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.[12] It is important to consider that both small islands near the Klek peninsula which are Mali \u0160kolj and Veliki \u0160kolj are given to BiH as well since they are so close to Klek peninsula.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Veliki \u0160kolj is a territory of Croatia", "evidence": "Otok Veliki \u0160kolj (Otocic Veliki Skolj) / [...] Otok Veliki Skolj (Otok Veliki \u0160kolj) is a island (class T - Hypsographic) in Dubrovacko-Neretvanska Zupanija (Dubrovacko-Neretvanska), Croatia (Europe) with the region font code of Eastern Europe... Otok Veliki \u0160kolj is also known as Otocic Veliki Skolj, Otok Veliki Skolj, Otok Veliki \u0160kolj, Oto\u010di\u0107 Veliki \u0160kolj.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Veliki \u0160kolj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "evidence": "Veliki Skolj (Veliki \u0160kolj) is a island (class T - Hypsographic) in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia And Herzegovina (Europe) with the region font code of Eastern Europe... [...] Veliki Skolj (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) 7 day forecast Map and Photos Veliki Skolj", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Mali \u0160kolj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "evidence": "Mali Skolj (Mali \u0160kolj) is a island (class T - Hypsographic) in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia And Herzegovina (Europe) with the region font code of Eastern Europe... [...] Weather Mali \u0160kolj (Cloud cover, Temperature, Wind speed and Precipitation mm probab.) [...] Mali Skolj (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) 7 day forecast", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Neum is a territory of Croatia", "evidence": "Neum [edit]The Herzegovinian municipality of Neum in the south makes the southernmost part of Croatia (Dubrovnik\u2013Neretva County) an exclave. In 1999, a border agreement between former Croatian President Franjo Tu\u0111man and President of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegovi\u0107 moved the Croatia \u2013 Bosnia and Herzegovina border near Neum from the very coast (during SFR Yugoslavia era and confirmed by the Badinter Arbitration Committee) further into the sea waters of the Mali Ston Bay, placing two Croatian islands (Mali and Veliki \u0160koj, incidentally translated into English as Little and Big Island) under Bosnia-Herzegovina sovereignty. Six years later, the Croatian government called for the ratification of this agreement; however, as of 2007, it was not ratified.[18][19] The two countries negotiated Neum Agreement and Plo\u010de Agreement defining special arrangements for Croatian transit traffic through Neum and Bosnia and Herzegovina access to the port of Plo\u010de to compensate for non-contiguity of Croatian territory between Plo\u010de and Dubrovnik and lack of a seaport in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[20][21] [...] - ^ \"Neum Agreement, May 1996\" (PDF). Technical annex on a proposed loan to the Republic of Croatia for an emergency transport and mine clearing project. World Bank. 15 October 1996. pp. 45\u201347. Retrieved 15 August 2011.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Neum is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "evidence": "Neum is a resort town on the 9 km strip of Adriatic coast that belongs to Bosnia and Herzegovina. In other contexts this country is often loosely referred to as \"Bosnia\", but Neum is specifically part of Herzegovina. That entity is undefined and contentious so on this page the country is abbreviated to BiH. In 2013 the Neum strip had a population of 4653, most of them in the town itself. Understand [edit]Neum shouldn't be the only place you visit in fascinating BiH, but for most it will be. That's because its territory separates Dubrovnik from the rest of Croatia, so any visitor who takes this route has to briefly exit not only Croatia but the EU, then re-enter; then do the same when their excursion returns north. Traffic tail-backs have been common, and there may be other complications, outlined below. [...] - Crossing points: the northwest border crossing is called Klek in Croatia and Neum 1 in BiH. Nine km along the road, the southeast crossing is called Zaton Doli in Croatia and Neum 2 in BiH. These are the only crossings for foreigners. Imotica border crossing on the minor road 3 km north of Neum 2 is only for locals. Tourists are usually turned back: just occasionally they're waved through, then wish they'd been stopped when they hit the pot-holed lane on the BiH side.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Bousignies-sur-Roc is a territory of Belgium", "evidence": "\"I was happy, my town was bigger,\" David Lavaux, Mayor of the Belgian village of Erquelinnes, told a French TV station. \"But the Mayor of Bousignies-sur-Roc didn't agree.\" Bousignies-sur-Roc is a commune on the French side of the border, which was established in 1820 after the Battle of Waterloo, which was fought in Belgium. [...] \"We should be able to avoid a new border war,\" Bousignies-sur-Roc Mayor Aur\u00e9lie Welonek told French media. \"Our two countries get along well, so there were no great concerns at this point.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Heglig is a territory of South Sudan", "evidence": "Heglig, or Panthou (also spelled Heglieg or Pandthow), is a small town at the border between the South Kordofan state of Sudan and the Unity State in South Sudan. The entirety of Heglig is claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, but administered by Sudan. The area was contested during the Sudanese Civil War. In mid-April 2012, South Sudan's Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) captured the Heglig oil field from Sudan.[1] Sudan took it back at the Second Battle of Heglig ten days later.[2] [...] Heglig oil field [edit]Heglig is situated within the Muglad Basin, a rift basin which contains much of South Sudan's proven oil reserves. The Heglig oil field was first developed in 1996 by Arakis Energy (now part of Talisman Energy).[citation needed] Today it is operated by the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company.[4] Production at Heglig is reported to have peaked in 2006 and is now in decline.[5] The Heglig oil field is connected to Khartoum and Port Sudan via the Greater Nile Oil Pipeline.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Glorioso Islands is a territory of Comoros", "evidence": "The Glorieuses or Glorioso Islands are a group of French islands and rocks totaling 5 square kilometres. They are controlled by France as part of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French overseas territory, but are also claimed by Comoros, Madagascar and formerly by Seychelles. They are geographically part of the Comoro Islands between the French overseas region of Mayotte and the nation of Madagascar. Download Download See moreWikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorioso_Islands Coordinates -11\u00b033'14.885\" N 47\u00b020'0.06\" E", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Bousignies-sur-Roc is a territory of France", "evidence": "Bousignies-sur-Roc (Bousignies-sur-Roc) is a populated place (class P - Populated Place) in Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France (Europe) with the region font code of Americas/Western Europe. It is located at an elevation of 164 meters above sea level. Bousignies-sur-Roc is also known as Bousignies, Bousignies-sur-Roc. [...] Weather Bousignies-sur-Roc (Cloud cover, Temperature, Wind speed and Precipitation mm probab.)", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Aves Island is a territory of Dominica", "evidence": "Isla de Aves ([\u02c8isla \u00f0e \u02c8a\u03b2es]; Spanish for \"Island of Birds\" or \"Birds Island\"), or Aves Island, is a Federal Dependency of Venezuela. It has been the subject of numerous territorial disputes (now resolved) with the United States (through the Guano Islands Act of 1856), neighboring independent islands, such as Dominica, and European mother countries of surrounding dependent islands, such as the Netherlands, or the United Kingdom. [...] Aves Island is a particularly rare amateur radio \"entity\", under the ITU prefix YV0. A 2006 expedition by operators to the island required 14 years of planning. Though one member suffered a fatal heart attack, over 42,000 contacts were made during their week-long stay. [...] During a visit to Venezuela, Dominica\u2019s Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit, in June 2006, stated that Aves Island belongs to Venezuela, unofficially ending the territorial claim.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Aves Island is a territory of Venezuela", "evidence": "Isla de Aves ([\u02c8isla \u00f0e \u02c8a\u03b2es]; Spanish for \"Island of Birds\" or \"Birds Island\"), or Aves Island, is a Federal Dependency of Venezuela. It has been the subject of numerous territorial disputes (now resolved) with the United States (through the Guano Islands Act of 1856), neighbouring independent islands such as Dominica, and European states controlling their nearby dependent islands, such as the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. [...] Isla de Aves was included in Venezuela's territorial reorganization done by President Joaqu\u00edn Crespo in 1895. By 1905, Isla de Aves was a municipality called \"Municipio Oriental\" part of Col\u00f3n Federal Territory.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Bajo Nuevo Bank is a territory of United States", "evidence": "Bajo Nuevo Bank, also known as Petrel Islands (Spanish: Bajo Nuevo, Islas Petrel), is a group of uninhabited coral reefs and small islands inside the western Caribbean Sea. It is currently below the jurisdiction of the San Andr\u00e9s and Providencia Department of Colombia, although Jamaica, Nicaragua, and the US additionally declare sovereignty over the place. [...] Territorial Dispute of Bajo Nuevo Bank - Five international locations assert sovereignty claims over Bajo Nuevo Bank: Jamaica, Colombia, Nicaragua, Honduras, and the USA. - On November 22, 1869, the United States introduced the disputed \"Guano Islands Act.\" To this present day, the U.S. Nevertheless considers Bajo Nuevo Bank as an \"unorganized, unincorporated U.S. Territory.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Bajo Nuevo Bank is a territory of Colombia", "evidence": "Bajo Nuevo Bank, also known as Petrel Islands (Spanish: Bajo Nuevo, Islas Petrel), is a group of uninhabited coral reefs and small islands inside the western Caribbean Sea. It is currently below the jurisdiction of the San Andr\u00e9s and Providencia Department of Colombia, although Jamaica, Nicaragua, and the US additionally declare sovereignty over the place. On November 19, 2012, concerning Nicaragua's sovereignty claim over the islands, the International Court of Justice unanimously ruled that the Republic of Colombia has sovereignty over the Bajo Nuevo Bank and the Serranilla Bank. However, the judgment did not examine or mention competing claims from Honduras, and the United States still maintains claims to Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo Bank, both of which it considers unincorporated U.S. territories. [...] Territorial Dispute of Bajo Nuevo Bank - Five international locations assert sovereignty claims over Bajo Nuevo Bank: Jamaica, Colombia, Nicaragua, Honduras, and the USA.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Conejo Island is a territory of El Salvador", "evidence": "In the first week of September, the Honduran military raised the Honduran flag over the disputed Conejo Island, quickly raising the ire of El Salvador\u2019s government. The incident as well as other recent border disputes highlighted tensions within the region at a time when cooperation and collaboration are more important than ever. [...] Conejo Island was first occupied by the Honduran military during the 1969 Soccer War with El Salvador and has been contested since that time. Although three countries\u2014El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua\u2014share maritime boundaries in the waters surrounding the island, Honduras continues to insist that Conejo, located in the Gulf of Fonseca, is Honduran territory. A similar flag-raising incident just last year led to talks among the three countries, which ultimately declared the area a \"zone of peace and harmony.\" Despite this, Honduras established a heliport on the island this past March.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Conejo Island is a territory of Honduras", "evidence": "Conejo Island, in Spanish Isla Conejo, meaning \"rabbit island\", is a Honduran Island alongside many other islands in the region. El Salvador has disputed the Honduran island located in the Gulf of Fonseca. History [edit]In 1992, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the delimitation of bolsones (disputed areas) along the El Salvador\u2013Honduras boundary, OAS intervention and a further ICJ ruling in 2003, full demarcation of the border concluded; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca advocating Honduran access to the Pacific. Unlike other major islands of the Gulf of Fonseca, Rabbit Island was never put to discussion in the definition even though the government of El Salvador asked for a clarification of the situation of every island in the Gulf of Fonseca. The island, despite its small size, is a strategic point of naval and military value to both Honduras and El Salvador.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Navassa Island is a territory of Haiti", "evidence": "Navassa Island is a tiny island of about 5 square kilometers in the Caribbean Sea, located in the Jamaican Channel and Windward Passage, between Jamaica, Cuba, and Haiti. The isolated island is characterized by rough terrain and has no natural fresh water source, making it unfriendly for human habitation. However, Navassa is a biological haven for both terrestrial and marine life. [...] Haiti\u2019s claim of Navassa Island dates back to 1697 through the Treaty of Ryswick that transferred the French possessions in the Hispaniola region to the Spanish. The Spanish subsequently passed over the possessions to Haiti at independence. Between 1801 and 1867, Haiti variously claimed the island in its constitution but not specifically mentioning it. However, its 1874 constitution explicitly mentioned the island as \"la Navase,\" including it as part of its territory. In 1858, one year after the US took possession of the island, Haitians sent vessels to proclaim Navassa as its dependency and demanded the diggers to seek Haitian permission. However, the Americans stood their ground which they made known to the Haitian government and rejected a request for an arbitrator. The US claimed Navassa Island alongside other islands through the Guano Act of 1856, administering it since 1857. However, the Americans may have taken advantage of the failure of Haiti and the previous European powers (France and Spain) to manage the island. They have always argued that Haiti never exercised any administrative or jurisdiction over the island.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Hala'ib Triangle is a territory of Sudan", "evidence": "The Hala'ib Triangle (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628 in Arabic, transliterated Muth\u0101llath \u1e24al\u0101\u02beib) is an area of land measuring 20,580 square kilometres (7,950 sq mi) located on the Red Sea's African coast. The area, which is named after the town of Hala'ib, is created by the difference in the Egypt\u2013Sudan border between the \"political boundary\" set in 1899 by the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, which runs along the 22nd parallel north, and the \"administrative boundary\" set by the British in 1902, which gave an area of land north of the line to Sudan. When Sudan became independent in 1956, both Egypt and Sudan claimed sovereignty over the area. After Egypt sent military units to the Hala'ib Triangle in the 1990s, as part of a greater movement by the Egyptian government to solidify its presence in Africa, following the 1995 attempted assassination of then-Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Egypt has controlled the area as part of the Red Sea Governorate, and has been actively investing in it.[1] Today the United Arab Emirates is also a active investor along with Egypt in the area.[2] The area is not shaped like a triangle\u2014it is actually a complicated polygon. Only the southern 290 kilometres (180 mi) border is a straight line. A smaller area, called Bir Tawil, touches the Hala'ib Triangle at its westernmost point. Bir Tawil is not claimed by either Sudan or Egypt.[3]", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Navassa Island is a territory of United States", "evidence": "Navassa Island, or La Navase in Haitian Creole, is a small island without anyone living on it in the Caribbean Sea.[1] It is located ninety miles south of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The United States government claims the two-square-mile island as a territory of the United States, and it is under control of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The island is also claimed by Haiti. [...] History [change | change source]Navassa became a U.S. insular area in October 1857, when a representative of the Baltimore Fertilizer Company took possession of the island in the name of the United States pursuant to the Guano Act of August 18, 1856 (Title 48, U.S. Code, sections 1411-19). In 1889 the island's actual operation passed to the Navassa Phosphate Company. All operations were abandoned in 1898, when the island became effectively uninhabited. Geography [change | change source]Navassa Island is three square miles in area. Navassa lies about one hundred miles south of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, about thirty miles west of Cape Tiburon, Haiti, at the southwest entrance to the Windward Passage, east of Kingston, Jamaica. Navassa's climate is marine and tropical.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Sapodilla Cay is a territory of Belize", "evidence": "The Sapodilla Cayes (Spanish: Cayos Zapotillos)[3] is an uninhabited atoll in the Gulf of Honduras, in the Toledo District of Belize. They are administered by Belize, but Guatemala claims that the Belize\u2013Guatemala maritime boundary is northwest of the cayes.[4] Honduras also lays a claim to the Sapodilla Cayes in its 1982 constitution.[3] [...] Marine reserve [edit]Sapodilla Cayes Marine Reserve is a national protected marine reserve declared over the Sapodilla Cayes. It was established in 1996 and is administered by the Fisheries Department of Belize.[5] [...] References [edit]- ^ Belize Tourism Board. \"Sapodilla Cayes Marine Park\". Travel Belize. Retrieved 3 September 2011.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Sapodilla Cay is a territory of Honduras", "evidence": "Belize applies for ICJ to resolve Honduras\u2019 Sapodilla Cayes claim [...] A press release issued by the Government late this evening announced that Belize has submitted an application for the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to issue a judgment on Honduras\u2019 claim (embedded in Article 10 of its Constitution) that the Sapodilla Cayes are part of its territory. The release notes that the application was submitted to the Registrar of the ICJ, located in The Hague, Netherlands, and that by means of the application, Belize is seeking a \"final and binding resolution\" to the matter. [...] In its application to the ICJ, Belize notes that the Sapodilla Cayes, located 75 miles east of Punta Gorda, have been a part of Belize\u2019s territory since the early nineteenth century, initially as part of the settlement of Belize and later the colony of British Honduras, and since 1981 as part of the independent State of Belize.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Sapodilla Cay is a territory of Guatemala", "evidence": "Guatemala recalls in its application for permission to intervene that on November 16, 2022, Belize initiated proceedings against the Republic of Honduras over \"sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cays or Cayes, a cluster of islands in the Gulf of Honduras, which Guatemala also claims.\" Belize asks the Court to \"adjudicate and declare that, as between Belize and Honduras, Belize is sovereign over the Sapodilla Cayes.\" [...] (a) to preserve Guatemala\u2019s rights and interests in the Sapodilla Cays by all legal methods available, including those specified by Article 62 of the Court\u2019s Statute; [...] Belize stated in its Application for Initiation of Proceedings that the Sapodilla Cayes have been part of the territory of Belize since the early nineteenth century, first as part of the settlement of Belize and later as part of the colony of British Honduras, and since 1981 as part of the independent State of Belize.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Serranilla Bank is a territory of Nicaragua", "evidence": "Nicaragua lays claim to all the islands on its continental shelf, covering an area of over 50,000 km2 in the Caribbean Sea, including the Serranilla Bank and all islands associated with the San Andr\u00e9s and Providencia archipelagoes. It has persistently pursued this claim against Colombia in the International Court of Justice (ICJ), filing cases in both 2001 and 2007. [...] Honduras claims Serranilla Bank as part of its national territory in Article 10 of its Constitution. In 1986, it agreed upon a maritime boundary demarcation with Colombia that excluded Honduras of any control over the bank or its surrounding waters. The ratification of this boundary on 20 December 1999 proved to be controversial within Honduras, as it ensured that the state implicitly recognised Colombia's sovereignty over the claimed territory. Nicaragua, which has not resolved its maritime borders with Honduras or Colombia, disputed Honduras' legal right to hand over these areas before the ICJ. Despite the agreement with Colombia, however, the government has yet to officially renounce the claim in the Constitution.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia", "evidence": "Territorial Dispute: Claimed by Jamaica and possibly Honduras (until 20 Dec 1999); Colombia considers Bajo Nuevo Bank apart of the Providence Archipelago in the intendancy of San Andres y Providencia. [...] 1510 Serranilla Bank first shown on Spanish maps. 8 Sep 1879 Claimed by the U.S (located two hundred ten miles north northeast of Nicaragua). 8 Sep 1972 Serranilla Bank specifically not mentioned by U.S. in list of guano islands renounced to Colombia. Territorial Disputes: Colombia has not directly claimed Serranilla Bank but is on record as considering the bank apart of the Providence Archipelago in the intendancy of San Andres y Providencia; Honduras may have asserted its own claim over Serranilla (until 20 Dec 1999); also possibly claimed by Nicaragua, Honduras and Jamaica.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Serranilla Bank is a territory of Honduras", "evidence": "Serranilla Bank was first shown on Spanish maps in 1510. It is administered by Colombia as part of the department of San Andr\u00e9s and Providencia. Although the bank is currently occupied by Colombia, it is subject to a sovereignty dispute involving Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica and the United States. Serranilla Bank is a former atoll, now a mostly submerged carbonate platform consisting of shallow reef environments. It is about 40 km in length and 32 km in width, covering an area of over 1,200 km2, almost entirely under water. Three small cays and two rocks emerge above the water to form the bank's islands. These are West Breaker, Middle Cay, East Cay, Beacon Cay and Northeast Breaker. They are largely barren, with sparse vegetation of bushes and some trees. Most of the reef is drying and many shipwrecks are located in its vicinity. [...] Honduras claims Serranilla Bank as part of its national territory in Article 10 of its Constitution. In 1986, it agreed upon a maritime boundary demarcation with Colombia that excluded Honduras of any control over the bank or its surrounding waters. The ratification of this boundary on 20 December 1999 proved to be controversial within Honduras, as it ensured that the state implicitly recognised Colombia's sovereignty over the claimed territory. Nicaragua, which has not resolved its maritime borders with Honduras or Colombia, disputed Honduras' legal right to hand over these areas before the ICJ. Despite the agreement with Colombia, however, the government has yet to officially renounce the claim in the Constitution.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States", "evidence": "Serranilla Bank is a former atoll, now a mostly submerged carbonate platform consisting of shallow reef environments. It is about 40km (30miles) in length and in width, covering an area of over 1200km2, almost entirely under water. Three small cays and two rocks emerge above the water to form the bank's islands. These are West Breaker, Middle Cay, East Cay, Beacon Cay and Northeast Breaker.[8] They are largely barren, with sparse vegetation of bushes and some trees. Many shipwrecks are located in its vicinity.[9] The bank lacks coral reefs and has minimal sediment cover. Accretion of the bank is not keeping up with sea level rise. The southeastern portion is covered mainly by hardgrounds, while the rest of the bank is mostly covered by thin Halimeda sediments.[10] [...] - Web site: Acquisition Process of Insular Areas . . 2008-01-13 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120414172502/http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/acquisition_process.htm . 2012-04-14 . lists Serranilla Bank as an insular area under U.S. sovereignty. - Treaty of exchange between Colombia and the United States, 1972 - Web site: Application of the U.S. Constitution . . November 1997 . 2008-01-13 . 2008-02-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080216015423/http://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf . dead . Page 39 states that U.S. sovereignty over Serranilla Bank is disputed. \"Currently, the United States conducts maritime law enforcement operations in and around Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo consistent with U.S. sovereignty claims.\" This is the only archived document from this source that mentions Serranilla Bank as an insular area.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Hans Island is a territory of Greenland", "evidence": "Hans Island, a tiny disputed island between Greenland and Canada, situated in the Kennedy Channel of Nares Strait, between Greenland and Ellesmere Island. Hans Island has been the centre of an ongoing, and often surreal territorial dispute between Canda and Denmark, with various officials from both nations taking turns to plant flags on the island. In April 2012, it was announced that the two nations would sign an agreement to split the little 1.3 sq km island in two. The island is named after Hans Hendrik AKA Heindrich, a famous Greenlandic explorer who was also known as Suersaq. [...] Hans HendrikHeindrichSuersaqTartupalukarcticboundarycanadacanadianconflictdenmarkdisputedisputedellesmere islandgreenlandhanshans islandinternationalislandkennedy channelnares straitnationalsovereigntyterritorialterritory danishtreaty Hans Island - Disputed Territory in Greenland, Arctic Stock Images", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Hans Island is a territory of Denmark", "evidence": "Hans Island (Inuktitut and Greenlandic: Tartupaluk, lit. 'kidney shaped';[2] Inuktitut syllabics: \u1455\u1550\u1450\u1438\u14d7\u1483; Danish: Hans \u00d8; French: \u00eele Hans, pronounced [il \u0251\u0303(n)s]) is an island in the centre of the Kennedy Channel of Nares Strait in the high Arctic region, split between the Canadian territory of Nunavut and the Danish autonomous territory of Greenland. The island itself is barren and uninhabited with an area of 130 hectares (320 acres), measuring 1,290 by 1,199 metres (4,232 by 3,934 ft), and a maximum elevation of 168.17 m (551.7 ft).[3] Its location in the strait that separates Ellesmere Island of Canada from northern Greenland was for years a border dispute, the so-called Whisky War between the two countries of Canada and Denmark. Hans Island is the smallest of three islands in Kennedy Channel off the Washington Land coast; the others are Franklin Island and Crozier Island. The strait at this point is 35 km (22 mi) wide, placing the island within the territorial waters of both Canada and Denmark (Greenland). A 1,280-metre-long (4,200 ft) shared border traverses the island. [...] We consider Hans Island to be part of Danish territory and will therefore hand over a complaint about the Canadian minister's unannounced visit.[23] [...] - ^ a b Harper, Kenn (9 April 2004). \"Hans Island rightfully belongs to Greenland, Denmark\". Nunatsiaq News. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2022.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Hala'ib Triangle is a territory of Egypt", "evidence": "Hala\u2019ib Triangle border dispute The Hala\u2019ib Triangle is an area of land of just under 20,500 square kilometres on the Egyptian-Sudanese border, which both countries have claim over since Sudan gained independence from Britain in 1956. In the 1990s, Egypt deployed its military in the territory, but, in the following two decades, the dispute was somewhat frozen. In 2016, it flared up again. That year, Cairo signed a controversial agreement with Riyadh to hand over two strategically important Red Sea islands \u2013 Tiran and Sanafir \u2013 to Saudi Arabia. The agreement, which redrew the maritime border between the two countries, also unilaterally recognised Egypt\u2019s sovereignty over the Hala\u2019ib Triangle.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Hans Island is a territory of Canada", "evidence": "Hans Island [edit]Hans Island is a small, uninhabited barren knoll measuring 1.3 km2 (0.5 sq mi), located in the centre of the Kennedy Channel of Nares Strait. The island is claimed by both Canada and Greenland with the Kingdom of Denmark.[12] In 1973 Canada and the Kingdom of Denmark ratified a treaty defining the border in the area. The treaty did not define the border at Hans Island as no agreement was made on this. In 1984, Tom H\u00f8yem, the Danish Minister for Greenland, raised the Danish flag on the island.[13] On 25 July 2005, Canadian Defence Minister Bill Graham visited the island, sparking anger in Denmark. The Government of Denmark sent a letter of protest to Canada.[13] Canada also sent two warships in 2005 to Hans Island, HMCS Shawinigan and HMCS Glace Bay.[14] [...] - ^ a b \"Canada and Denmark in Hans Island negotiations\". Menas Borders. 17 January 2011. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2011. [...] - ^ \"Canada, Denmark agree to Hans Island process\". CTV News. 19 September 2005. Retrieved 1 April 2011.[dead link]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Matthew and Hunter Islands is a territory of France", "evidence": "It had a troubled birth as one of its main islands \u2013 Santo \u2013 tried to breakaway in 1980, secretly supported by France. It took the PNG Defence Force, supported by British paratroopers, to crush the Santo rebellion known as \"the coconut war\" and keep a united Vanuatu at independence. Lingering mistrust of France has remained as France continues to claim Matthew and Hunter islands in the far south, saying they belong to New Caledonia\u2019s Exclusive Economic Zone. [...] There is some irony in France now playing the China card to assert \"a new imperialism\" is on the rise in the Pacific given its continuing hold over New Caledonia and Tahiti despite clear rumblings for independence there. France\u2019s claim to Matthew and Hunter also risks the very thing it is warning about since Vanuatu government insiders say one reason Vanuatu was among the first nations to recognise China\u2019s claims to the South China Sea was so that China would support Vanuatu\u2019s claims to Matthew and Hunter.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Matthew and Hunter Islands is a territory of Vanuatu", "evidence": "In 2009, the Vanuatu Prime Minister and the independence movement of New Caledonia, the FLNKS, signed a document \u2013 with no legal value \u2013 recognizing the Vanuatu sovereignty over Matthew and Hunter islands. This gesture is all the more surprising given that France has always stated that the two islands belong to the territory of New Caledonia, and that Vanuatu\u2019s economy is largely supported by French development aid, as well as aid from Iceland, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, and others. [...] The dispute spilled has also unsettled relations with neighbors. In 1982, for example, Fiji and New Caledonia signed an agreement on mutual recognition of their maritime boundaries, in which Fiji recognized French ownership of the Matthew and Hunter Islands. The action upset Vanuatu, which demanded that Fiji recognize Ni-Vanuatu sovereignty over the islands, stating that failure to do so would be a blow to peace in the region, but Fiji did not revoke its signature. [...] At the same time, Article 47 of UNCLOS states that an archipelagic State may draw straight baselines \"joining the outermost points of the outermost islands and drying reefs of the archipelago provided that within such baselines are included the main islands.\" As such a state, if Vanuatu can also claim Matthew and Hunter islands as part of its territory and archipelago, it would be able to draw its baseline to the islands and thereby extend its EEZ from the islands without concern for Article 121.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Minerva Reefs is a territory of Tonga", "evidence": "The Minerva Reefs (Tongan: Ongo Teleki) are a group of two submerged atolls located in the Pacific Ocean between Fiji, Niue and Tonga. The islands are the subject of a territorial dispute between Fiji and Tonga, and in addition were briefly claimed by American Libertarians as the centre of a micronation, the Republic of Minerva. [...] Territorial dispute [edit]In 2005, Fiji declared that it did not recognize any maritime water claims by Tonga to the Minerva Reefs under the UNCLOS agreements. In November 2005, Fiji lodged a complaint with the International Seabed Authority concerning Tonga's maritime waters claims surrounding Minerva. Tonga lodged a counter claim. In 2010 the Fijian Navy destroyed navigation lights at the entrance to the lagoon. In late May 2011, they again destroyed navigational equipment installed by Tongans. In early June 2011, two Royal Tongan Navy ships were sent to the reef to replace the equipment, and to reassert Tonga's claim to the territory. Fijian Navy ships in the vicinity reportedly withdrew as the Tongans approached.[16][17][18] [...] - ^ Has Minerva got a king or a president? Pacific Islands Monthly, August 1972, p13 - ^ Song, Lili (2019). \"The Curious History of the Minerva Reefs: Tracing the Origin of Tongan and Fijian Claims over the Minerva Reefs\". The Journal of Pacific History. 54 (3): 417\u2013430. doi:10.1080/00223344.2019.1573664. hdl:10523/12395. S2CID 166321414.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Minerva Reefs is a territory of Fiji", "evidence": "The Minerva Reefs (Tongan: Ongo Teleki), briefly de facto independent in 1972 as the Republic of Minerva, are a group of two submerged atolls located in the Pacific Ocean south of Fiji and Tonga. The reefs were named after the whaleship Minerva, wrecked on what became known as South Minerva after setting out from Sydney in 1829. Many other ships would follow, for example the Strathcona, which was sailing north soon after completion in Auckland in 1914. In both cases most of the crew saved themselves in whaleboats or rafts and reached the Lau Islands in Fiji. Of some other ships, however, no survivors are known. [...] In 2005, Fiji made it clear that they did not recognize any maritime water claims by Tonga to the Minerva Reefs under the UNCLOS agreements. In November 2005, Fiji lodged a complaint with the International Seabed Authority concerning Tonga's maritime waters claims surrounding Minerva. Tonga lodged a counter claim, and the Principality of Minerva micronation claimed to have lodged a counter claim. In 2010 the Fijian Navy destroyed navigation lights at the entrance to the lagoon. In late May 2011, they again destroyed navigational equipment installed by Tongans. In early June 2011, two Royal Tongan Navy ships were sent to the reef to replace the equipment, and to reassert Tonga's claim to the territory. Fijian Navy ships in the vicinity reportedly withdrew as the Tongans approached.[5][6]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Swains Island is a territory of United States", "evidence": "Swains Island (/\u02c8swe\u026anz/; Tokelauan: Olohega [olo\u02c8h\u025b\u014ba]; Samoan: Olosega [olo\u02c8s\u025b\u014ba]) is a remote coral atoll in the Tokelau volcanic island group in the South Pacific Ocean. Administered as part of American Samoa since 1925, the island is subject to an ongoing territorial dispute between Tokelau and the United States.[7][8][2] [...] Swains Island is part of the National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa. The Swains Island sanctuary area encompasses a 52.3 square miles (135 km2) and includes territorial waters within a 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) circle around the island, excluding the interior lagoon and two channels between the lagoon and the sea.[28] Like other areas of its coastline, the United States claims a 200 nautical miles (370 km) exclusive economic zone around Swains Island, making up about a third of the U.S. EEZ in the South Pacific.[29]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Swains Island is a territory of Tokelau", "evidence": "Swains Island (/\u02c8swe\u026anz/; Tokelauan: Olohega [olo\u02c8h\u025b\u014ba]; Samoan: Olosega [olo\u02c8s\u025b\u014ba]) is a remote coral atoll in the Tokelau volcanic island group in the South Pacific Ocean. Administered as part of American Samoa since 1925, the island is subject to an ongoing territorial dispute between Tokelau and the United States.[7][8][2] [...] Recent sovereignty and trade issues [edit]On 25 March 1981, New Zealand, of which Tokelau is a dependency, confirmed U.S. sovereignty over Swains Island in the Treaty of Tokehega, under which the United States surrendered territorial claims to the other islands of Tokelau. In the draft constitution that was the subject of the 2006 Tokelau self-determination referendum, however, Swains Island was claimed as part of Tokelau.[61] As of March 2007,[update] American Samoa has not yet taken an official position, but the governor of American Samoa, Togiola Tulafono, said he believed his government should do everything it can to retain control of the island.[62] Tokelau's claim to Swains is generally comparable to the Marshall Islands' claim to Wake Island (also administered by the U.S.). The re-emergence of this issue in the mid-2000s was an unintended consequence of the United Nations' efforts to promote decolonization in Tokelau in the early 2000s.[63]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Wake Island is a territory of United States", "evidence": "Did you know Wake Island is a strategically positioned refueling stop for military aircraft in the middle of the Pacific Ocean located roughly 2,300 miles west of Honolulu and 1,500 miles east of Guam? [...] Wake Island, a U.S. Territory under administrative control of the Department of the Air Force, is less than 3 square miles \u2013 half the size of Key West, Florida \u2013 and has limited local resources. Guthrie worked with Wake Island military leadership to identify a solution. [...] Once Wake Island gets the new Boston Whaler, the platform boat will still be a valuable asset to island operations, Guthrie said.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Wake Island is a territory of Marshall Islands", "evidence": "Territorial claim on Wake Island [edit]The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island based on oral legends.[103] While Wake Island has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name \u0100nen Kio (new orthography) or Enen-kio (old orthography).[104][105] The United States does not recognize this claim.[103] [...] Marshallese: Aolep\u0101n Aor\u014dkin \u1e42aje\u1e37 ([\u0251\u0254l\u02b2\u025bb\u02b2\u00e6n\u02b2\u0251\u02d0or\u02e0\u0264\u0261in\u02b2(i)m\u02e0\u0251\u02d0z\u02b2\u025bl\u02e0]) - ^ Wake Island is claimed as a territory of the Marshall Islands, but is also claimed as an unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States, with de facto control vested in the Office of Insular Affairs (and all military defenses managed by the United States military). [...] - ^ \"Enen Kio (a.k.a. Wake Island) \u2022 Marshall Islands Guide\". Marshall Islands Guide. December 16, 2016. Archived from the original on January 16, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2019.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Guayana Esequiba is a territory of Guyana", "evidence": "Venezuelans voted on Dec. 3 to implement the creation of a new state \u2014 Guayana Esequiba \u2014 in territory currently disputed by Venezuela and Guyana. Since then, Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro has issued a flurry of announcements suggesting that Venezuela will soon move to annex the territory west of the Essequibo River. Shortly after the votes, he designated a general as the sole administrator of Guayana Esequiba state and announced the creation of an Integrated Operational Defense Zone \u2014 ZODI Guayana Esequiba \u2014 to be headquartered in the border town of Tumeremo. Videos published by a strategic operational commander of the Venezuelan military indicate that land is being cleared near La Camorra to create an airstrip, which he said would serve as a \"logistical support point.\" On Dec. 7, Maduro announced the construction of 120 homes for the \"Esequibano-Venezuelan people\" in San Martin de Turumban, a small town that sits directly on the disputed border, which may become Venezuela's launch point for additional incursions into Guyana's territory. While Guyana's President Irfaan Ali has stated his military is preparing for the \"worst case scenario,\" the 4,150 soldiers in Guyana's military are too few to secure the entire land border.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ilemi Triangle is a territory of Kenya", "evidence": "Kenya\u2019s claim to the Ilemi triangle is precarious since it started to administer the triangle during the Anglo-Egyptian rule of Sudan in the early nineteenth century. Sudan felt the triangle was useless hence did not develop it and therefore Kenya came on board to protect the Turkana who patrolled the area with their livestock, against raids from both Dassanech and Inyangatom.[46] In 1928, Khartoum permitted Kenya to patrol the area and Kenya sent military units of Kenya Africa rifles (KAR) who established administrative posts and put the area under Kenyan control, hence Ilemi triangle became a Kenyan territory by default. [...] The Ilemi Triangle is a piece of land joining Sudan, Kenya and Ethiopia, roughly measuring between 10,320 and 14,000sq kilometers and named after Anuak Chief Ilemi Akwon.[52] The Triangle is on the fringe of Southern Sudan and is home to five ethno-linguistic communities: the Turkana, Didinga, Toposa, Inyangatom and the Dassenench who are members of the larger ethno-cultural groups of these neighbouring countries but traditionally migrate to graze in the Triangle.[53] Precisely, the conflict surrounding the Ilemi triangle originated from the unclearity of the 1907 treaty signed between the Ethiopian government under Emperor Menelik and the British, which in fact became the Kenya-Ethiopian border, latter known as the 1914 Line.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Guayana Esequiba is a territory of Venezuela", "evidence": "Raising of the Guyanese and Venezuelan flags [edit]At the end of November 2023, the President of Guyana, Irfaan Ali, met with soldiers who guard the border between both countries. In a video released by the government Ali raised the Guyanese flag at an event on the Pakarampa mountain in the Essequibo, near Venezuela's Bol\u00edvar state, where he also took an oath of national loyalty.[46] After these acts, the Minister of Defence of Venezuela, Vlad\u00edmir Padrino L\u00f3pez declared that the Venezuelan Armed Forces will be \"permanently vigilant\" of \"any action that threatens\" the \"territorial integrity\", asking the population to vote in the referendum and adding that the conflict \"for now\" is not a war.[66] The governor of Zulia, Manuel Rosales, claimed that \"Guayana Esequiba is one hundred percent Venezuelan territory,\" arguing that Guyana's actions violated the 1966 Geneva agreement, and criticised the fact that the UN and the OAS did not speak out on the matter.[67] [...] Among the effects of the conflict were the use of force by Venezuela, her sponsoring of a secessionist movement in the Rupununi region of Guyana - Gonz\u00e1lez, Pedro (1991). La Reclamaci\u00f3n de la Guayana Esequiba. Caracas. [...] - ^ \"Enga\u00f1oso: \u00bfReemplazo de la bandera guyanesa por la venezolana ocurri\u00f3 en el estado Guayana Esequiba?\". Cazadores de Fake News. 13 December 2023. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Essequibo River is a territory of Venezuela", "evidence": "On December 3, Venezuela held a referendum to consult the population on whether they agreed that Venezuela should exercise effective sovereignty over the Essequibo territory \u2013 a territory of approximately 160,000 km2 east of Venezuela, that is claimed by both but currently belongs to Guyana. [...] The territory, more than twice the size of New Brunswick with a population of 125,000 people, has vast forest and water reserves, making it a potential source of hydroelectric energy. Additionally, it houses significant deposits of precious minerals such as gold, exploited by Guyana since 1841 when the territorial dispute with Venezuela began. The most attractive asset of the Essequibo is undoubtedly its reserve of oil and gas located in an area of about 26,000 square kilometres known as Stabroek, and much of this reserve is in the territorial waters of the region contested by Venezuela. [...] Historically, the Essequibo was part of Venezuela. This claim is based on documents and acts from the time of the Spanish colony, demonstrating that the territory of Venezuela, then called Capitan\u00eda General de Venezuela, extended to the Essequibo line, thus including the Essequibo. Before Guyana became a republic, it was a colony of the United Kingdom (UK) and, previously, the Netherlands. Both the kingdoms of Spain and the Netherlands signed the Treaty of Munster (1648), recognizing Spanish sovereignty on the river\u2019s western side. When the UK acquired the provinces of Demerara, Berbice, and Essequibo, later known as British Guiana, through the Treaty of London (1814), the country acknowledged that its territory extended to the Essequibo River.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Essequibo River is a territory of Guyana", "evidence": "The Essequibo (in Spanish, Esequibo), is an undeveloped, sparsely populated but resource-rich jungle territory region, nearly sixty percent of modern Guyana, consisting of all its territory west of the Essequibo River (see map). Venezuela\u2019s deeply rooted belief is that the Essequibo region was unjustly taken from them by meddling foreign powers. It is a matter of national integrity, made more alluring by the possible wealth of natural resources there. Guyana\u2019s position is that they are trying to defend the land that has been part of their country for almost 200 years, land they need to help develop their country economically. The territorial dispute, dating back to the 1830s, has heated up in recent months, after Exxon Mobil, working for the Guyanese government, announced in May 2015 that it had discoverd a large reserve of oil in ocean waters off the disputed territory. [...] The Essequibo (in Spanish, Esequibo), is nearly sixty percent of modern Guyana, consisting of all its territory west of the Essequibo River. The Treaty of Munster nor the London Convention defined a western boundary of (the later called) British Guyana.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ankoko Island/Isla de Anacoco is a territory of Venezuela", "evidence": "Ankoko Island (Spanish: Isla de Anacoco) is an island located at the confluence of the Cuyuni River and Wenamu River, at 6\u00b043\u2032N 61\u00b08\u2032W / 6.717\u00b0N 61.133\u00b0W, on the border between Venezuela and the disputed area of Guayana Esequiba. Venezuela, which claims Guayana Esequiba as part of its territory, established a military base on the island in 1966, which Guyana claims as intrusion and aggression on a territory whose sovereignty was never under discussion.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Ankoko Island/Isla de Anacoco is a territory of Guyana", "evidence": "Ankoko Island ( Spanish : Isla de Anacoco) is an island located at the confluence of the Cuyuni River and Wenamu River, at 6\u00b043\u2032N61\u00b08\u2032W / 6.717\u00b0N 61.133\u00b0W , on the border between Venezuela and Guyana. The Ankoko Island border was finalized in 1905 by the British-Venezuelan Mixed Boundry Commission, in accordance with the Arbitral Award of 3 October 1899. Venezuelan commissioners Abraham Tirado and Elias Toro surveyed the area of the boundary for demarcation and, along with two British surveyors, all participants agreed and signed off on the border in 1905. Domestically, Venezuelans were vocal in their disappointment with the 1899 ruling. In the 20th century, the government of Venezuela officially sought to abrogate the legal borders and revert to the colonial boundary of the Essequibo river as set by the Spanish Empire. In 1966, five months after Guyana gained independence, the Venezuelan armed forces crossed the boundary on Ankoko Island and has occupied the Guyanese side of the island ever since, in violation of the peace treaty set forth by the Geneva Agreement. The status of the island is subject to the Geneva Agreement, which was signed by the United Kingdom, Venezuela and British Guiana on 17 February 1966. This treaty stipulates that the parties will agree to find a practical, peaceful and satisfactory solution to the border dispute. [1] Venezuela, which claims Ankoko Island as part of Guayana Esequiba, established a military base on the island in 1966, which Guyana claims as an intrusion and aggression on its sovereign territory.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Arroyo de la Invernada is a territory of Brazil", "evidence": "Two sections of boundary of BRAZIL with URUGUAY are in dispute \u2013 Arroio Invernada (Arroyo de la Invernada) area of the Rio Quarai (Rio Cuareim) and the islands at the confluence of the Rio Quarai and the Uruguay River.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Arroyo de la Invernada is a territory of Uruguay", "evidence": "Arroyo Invernada (Arroio Invernada) / [...] Arroyo Invernada (Arroyo Invernada) is a stream (class H - Hydrographic) in Uruguay (general), Uruguay (South America) with the region font code of Americas/Western Europe. It is located at an elevation of 165 meters above sea level. Arroyo Invernada is also known as Arroio Do Maneco, Arroio Invernada, Arroyo Invernada, Arroyo de Invernada, Arroyo de la Invernada, Maneco.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Rinc\u00f3n de Artigas is a territory of Uruguay", "evidence": "- Brazil \u2013 Uruguay: El Rinc\u00f3n de Artigas is a territory in the shape of a triangle located in the south of Brazil and which Uruguay argues forms part of the northern department of Artigas. The extension of the land is 237 km2. The Uruguayans maintain that due to an error of delimitation in the 19th century, the territory remained in the hands of Brazil; however, the claim does not have a legal process, so Brazil does not recognize Uruguay\u2019s claims.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Vila Albornoz is a territory of Uruguay", "evidence": "Vila Thomaz Albornoz \u00e9 uma povoa\u00e7\u00e3o na regi\u00e3o de fronteira entre Brasil e Uruguai reivindicada por ambos os pa\u00edses. \u00c9 situada em posi\u00e7\u00e3o cont\u00edgua \u00e0 Vila Masoller no Uruguai e nos mapas internacionais aparece como um territ\u00f3rio em discuss\u00e3o. A regi\u00e3o contestada situa-se no que era chamado Rinc\u00e3o de Artigas, que tem 22 mil hectares, sendo litigado desde 1934. A vila Albornoz foi instalada em 1985, em terras cedidas pelo estancieiro Thomaz Albornoz, para marcar a presen\u00e7a brasileira na \u00e1rea.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ilemi Triangle is a territory of South Sudan", "evidence": "The Ilemi Triangle, sometimes called only Ilemi, is a disputed area in East Africa, claimed by both Kenya and South Sudan. Arbitrarily defined, it measures about 11,000 square kilometres (4,200 sq mi).[1] The term \"Ilemi\" may more accurately be transcribed as \"Elemi\" in the Didinga language, signifying acceptance. This suggest that, in Didinga history, the region became favorable when they arrived, evidenced by the thriving health of the cattle that accepted the local vegetation, indicating a symbiotic relationship between the cattle's well-being and the area. The territory is claimed by South Sudan and Kenya. The territory also borders Ethiopia and, despite use and trespass into the triangle by border tribes from within Ethiopia, the Ethiopian government has not made any official claim on the area, instead agreeing that the land was Sudanese territory in the 1902, 1907, and 1972 treaties.[2][3][4] [...] With the independence of South Sudan in 2011, the Sudanese claim to the Ilemi Triangle was transferred to the new national government in Juba. [...] Further reading [edit]- Ilemi Triangle: Unfixed Bandit Frontier Claimed by Sudan, Kenya and Ethiopia; Author: Dr. Nene Mburu", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Falkland Islands is a territory of Argentina", "evidence": "The conflict was a major episode in the protracted dispute over the territories' sovereignty. Argentina asserted (and maintains) that the islands are Argentine territory,[4] and the Argentine government thus described its military action as the reclamation of its own territory. The British government regarded the action as an invasion of a territory that had been a Crown colony since 1841. Falkland Islanders, who have inhabited the islands since the early 19th century, are predominantly descendants of British settlers, and strongly favour British sovereignty. Neither state officially declared war, although both governments declared the islands a war zone. [...] Diplomatic relations between the United Kingdom and Argentina were restored in 1989 following a meeting in Madrid, at which the two governments issued a joint statement.[6] No change in either country's position regarding the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands was made explicit. In 1994, Argentina adopted a new constitution,[7] which declared the Falkland Islands as part of one of its provinces by law.[8] However, the islands continue to operate as a self-governing British Overseas Territory.[9]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Falkland Islands is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "The Falkland Islands are a self-governing British Overseas Territory.[73] Under the 2009 Constitution, the islands have full internal self-government; the UK is responsible for foreign affairs, retaining the power \"to protect UK interests and to ensure the overall good governance of the territory\".[74] The Monarch of the United Kingdom is the head of state, and executive authority is exercised on the monarch's behalf by the governor, who appoints the islands' chief executive on the advice of members of the Legislative Assembly.[75] Both the governor and the chief executive serve as the head of government.[76] [...] As a territory of the United Kingdom, the Falklands were part of the overseas countries and territories of the European Union until 2020.[82] The islands' judicial system, overseen by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, is largely based on English law,[83] and the constitution binds the territory to the principles of the European Convention on Human Rights.[74] Residents have the right of appeal to the European Court of Human Rights and the Privy Council.[84][85] Law enforcement is the responsibility of the Royal Falkland Islands Police (RFIP).[83]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a British Overseas Territory located in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Comprising two main groups of islands, this remote and uninhabited territory is renowned for its ecological significance and historical heritage. [...] South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Comprising two main groups of islands\u2014South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands\u2014this remote and uninhabited territory is renowned for its ecological significance and historical heritage. Managed by a commissioner based in the Falkland Islands, approximately 1,390 km (864 miles) east-southeast of South Georgia, SGSSI is a vital destination for scientific research and eco-tourism. [...] Both South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are designated as protected areas under United Kingdom environmental legislation. South Georgia is classified as a Special Area for Conservation, emphasizing the preservation of its unique natural environment. In 2012, South Georgia and its surrounding waters were declared a Marine Protected Area (MPA) to safeguard its ecosystems and promote sustainable fishing practices.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is a territory of Argentina", "evidence": "Terrain most of the islands are rugged and mountainous rising steeply from the sea; South Georgia is largely barren with steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes [...] Country name conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands abbreviation: SGSSI etymology: South Georgia was named \"the Isle of Georgia\" in 1775 by Captain James COOK in honor of British King GEORGE III; the explorer also discovered the Sandwich Islands Group that year, which he named \"Sandwich Land\" after John MONTAGU, the Earl of Sandwich and First Lord of the Admiralty; the word \"South\" was later added to distinguish these islands from the other Sandwich Islands, now known as the Hawaiian Islands [...] South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (UK)-Argentina: Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "French Guiana is a territory of Suriname", "evidence": "French Guiana is a territory of France, and like Suriname next door, it is pretty unique in South America because it is not Spanish or Portuguese speaking. Instead, it is the only place in the continent that speaks French. The French first attempted to colonize the area and its hostile equatorial jungles in the 1600s with no success. Every wave of settlers was met with disaster. Plantations were eventually created using enslaved Africans, but the French colony remained an unsuccessful distant outpost. It wasn\u2019t until the 1850s, during Napoleon\u2019s time, that France realized the usefulness of the territory. Slavery had been outlawed in France, and French Guiana became an excellent alternative to send all of France\u2019s prisoners, including political prisoners, along with unwanted formerly enslaved people. Prisoners would be used for forced labor in prison camps in the territory, and most would never survive their experience. The most notorious prisons were on Devil\u2019s Island, an island in the Atlantic Ocean to the north of Saint Laurent along the Maroni River. Both prisons were built by prisoners for prisoners. Due to their isolation, surrounded by jungle or ocean were believed to be inescapable.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "French Guiana is a territory of France", "evidence": "French Guiana is an overseas department of France, located on the northern coast of South America. Like the other French departments, French Guiana is an overseas region of France, one of 26 regions of France. As a part of France, French Guiana is thus part of the European Union's territory, and its currency is the euro. [...] French Guiana became an overseas department of France on March 19, 1946. The infamous penal colonies, including Devil's Island, were gradually phased out and then formally closed in 1951. At first, only those freed prisoners who could raise the fare for their return passage to France were able to go home, so French Guiana was haunted after the official closing of the prisons by numerous freed convicts leading an aimless existence in the colony. [...] French Guiana, as part of France, is part of the European Union, the largest part in area outside Europe, with one of the longest EU external boundaries. Along with the Spanish enclaves in Africa of Ceuta and Melilla, it is one of only three EU territories outside Europe that is not an island.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Marouini River is a territory of Suriname", "evidence": "Maroni River, river forming the boundary between French Guiana and Suriname (formerly Dutch Guiana), in South America. It rises on the northern slopes of the Tumuc-Humac Mountains, near the Brazilian border, and descends generally northward through dense tropical rain forests, to enter the Atlantic Ocean at Point Galibi, Suriname, about 19 miles (30 km) below the river ports of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, French Guiana, and Albina, Suriname. For much of its 450-mile (725-kilometre) length the river divides French Guiana on the east from Suriname on the west. Its upper course is known as the Litani in Suriname, or Itany in French Guiana; its middle course, along which there is placer gold mining, is called the Lawa, or Aoua. Shallow-draft vessels can penetrate 60 miles (100 km) upstream from the river\u2019s mouth; beyond that point there are many waterfalls and rapids. The river\u2019s chief tributary is the Tapanahoni, in Suriname, from the southwest.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Marouini River is a territory of France", "evidence": "The Malani (Dutch: Marowijnekreek), also Marouini (Dutch: Marowini), is a river in the disputed area between French Guiana and Suriname. According to Suriname, it is the border river,[1] however France considers the Litani the border.[2] The river has its source at Pic Coudreau in the Tumuk Humak Mountains. It has its mouth at the confluence with the Litany at Antecume Pata and continues its journey as the Lawa River. The Malani has a length of 245 kilometres (152 mi).[3] Name [edit]The river is known in Suriname and the Netherlands as the Marowijnekreek.[1] It used to be called Marouini in France, however the Wayana name of Malani is becoming the accepted version.[4][3] The names Marouini and Marowijnekreek were also used in the past for the Lawa River.[5] [...] The Malani Ouest and the Malani are considered one river - ^ Francis Dupuy. \"Un territoire, deux peuples : autochtonie, histoire, l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 dans le sud-ouest de la Guyane\" (PDF). Universit\u00e9 de la R\u00e9union. p. 2. Retrieved 9 July 2022.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname", "evidence": "The Tigri Area (Dutch: Tigri-gebied) or New River Triangle is a forested area in the East Berbice-Corentyne region of Guyana that has been disputed by Suriname[1] since the 19th century. In Suriname, it is seen as an integral part of the Coeroeni Resort located in the Sipaliwini District. [...] In the present village of Kuruni near the Coeroenie Airstrip, prefab houses were placed for workers on a planned weir.[5] Work also began on a camp near the Oronoque River. On 12 December 1967, four armed men of the Guyana police force landed at Oronoque, and ordered the workers to leave the area.[6][5] Four military posts were initially established by the Surinamese army, however (mainly for financial reasons) only Camp Tigri (also known as Camp Jaguar) remained.[7] On 19 August 1969, border skirmishes occurred between Guyanese forces and Surinamese militias at Camp Tigri, which was subsequently conquered by Guyana. On 18 March 1970, Eric Williams, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago offered to mediate the conflict.[3] In November 1970 the Surinamese and Guyanese governments agreed in Trinidad and Tobago to withdraw their military forces from the Triangle.[3] Prior to Suriname's independence in 1975, President Henck Arron asked Prime Minister Joop den Uyl of the Netherlands for a precise definition of the borders. The reply included the Tigri area.[8] Guyana has not held upon this agreement and continues to hold a firm grip on the New River Triangle.[9][10][11]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini", "evidence": "And this:KaNgwane was created on 8 October 1977 as AmaSwazi, under the leadership of chief councillor Enos Mabuza. Its homeland status was suspended from June to December 1982, as South Africa tried to negotiate its incorporation into Swaziland. But popular protest frustrated the plan (the South African regime was always happy to listen to what its less privileged citizens had to say, you'll remember), and AmaSwazi was restored. Swaziland has pressured Pretoria for the return of Swazi-occupied areas of South Africa since the 1960s. In 1982 Pretoria agreed, but that decision was reversed by the South African Supreme Court. KaNgwane was carved out of land adjacent to Swaziland during the 1960s and was declared a \"self-governing\" territory with a population of about 400,000 in 1984. KaNgwane's Chief Minister Enos Mabuza tried to build an agricultural and industrial economy in the small, segmented territory, and he became the first homeland leader to grant full trade union rights to workers in his jurisdiction. Mabuza also led the fight against the incorporation of KaNgwane into Swaziland. During the late 1980s, he clashed with Pretoria by expressing strong support for the ANC, although many KaNgwane residents remained uninvolved in South African politics. I thought that since Mabuza was the main factor preventing the Swazi annexation of KaNgwane, if a more \"predictable\" (A pro-ANC and union leader is probably not what Pretoria wanted) leader had been appointed, could KaNgwane been annexed? And if it had, the following questions arise:", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Tigri Area is a territory of Guyana", "evidence": "The Tigri Area is a wooded area that has been disputed by Guyana and Suriname since around 1840. It involves the area between the Upper Corentyne River (also called the New River), the Coeroeni River, and the Kutari River. This triangular area is known as the New River Triangle in Guyana. In 1969 the conflict ran high, since then, the area has been controlled by Guyana and claimed by Suriname. My point is that there are at least two simmering claims on Guyana\u2019s territory. Now that it has been discovered that our country is rich in oil and gas resources, it will not surprise me if such claims intensify or increase in number. [...] Similarly, I call on all Guyanese \u2013 regardless of political affiliation \u2013 to support the protection of our territory. We, as citizens, must band together for the good of our beautiful country. In other words, when it comes to matters of our territory, sovereignty, independence, and protection of our national patrimony, we must not allow anything to divide us. We must stand together as one people, living in one nation, in pursuit of one destiny.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Courantyne River is a territory of Suriname", "evidence": "Courantyne River (Courantyne River) is a stream (class H - Hydrographic) in Suriname (general), Suriname (South America) with the region font code of Americas/Western Europe. It is located at an elevation of 149 meters above sea level. Courantyne River is also known as Coeroeni, Coeroeni Rivier, Corentyne River, Courantyne River, Koeroeni Rivier. [...] Courantyne River (Suriname (general)) 7 day forecast", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Courantyne River is a territory of Guyana", "evidence": "The Courantyne/Corentyne/Corantijn River is a river in northern South America in Suriname and Guyana. It is the longest river in the country and creates the border between Suriname and the East Berbice-Corentyne region of Guyana. Its tributaries include Kutari River, Coeroeni River, New River, and Zombie Creek. In Suriname; Kabalebo River, Lucie River, Sipaliwini River, Kutari River.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Isla Brasilera/Ilha Brasileira is a territory of Uruguay", "evidence": "Ilha Brasileira (Ilha Brasileira) is a island (class T - Hypsographic) in Uruguay (general), Uruguay (South America) with the region font code of Americas/Western Europe. It is located at an elevation of 32 meters above sea level. Ilha Brasileira is also known as Ilha Brasileira, Isla Brasilena, Isla Brasile\u00f1a. [...] Ilha Brasileira (Uruguay (general)) 7 day forecast", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Isla Brasilera/Ilha Brasileira is a territory of Brazil", "evidence": "Brazilian Island (Portuguese: Ilha Brasileira; in Standard Spanish: Isla Brasile\u00f1a; in Portu\u00f1ol/Portunhol: Isla Brasilera1) is a small uninhabited river island at the confluence of the Uruguay River and the Quara\u00ed (Cuareim) River, between the borders of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, which is disputed by the two latter countries. The island is approximately 3.7 km (2.3 mi) long by 0.9 km (0.6 mi) wide, and it is located at 30\u00b010\u203256\u2033S 57\u00b037\u203243\u2033W. The island has long been claimed by both Brazil and Uruguay. Brazilian officials claim that the island is within their municipality of Barra do Quara\u00ed, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Uruguayan officials claim that the island is part of their municipality of Bella Uni\u00f3n, in Artigas Department.[1] However, neither country has shown interest in actively enforcing its claims to the island, for example by sending troops there. Like the other territorial dispute between Brazil and Uruguay in the vicinity of Masoller, it has not prevented close and friendly diplomatic and economic ties between the two countries.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Isla Su\u00e1rez/Ilha de Guajar\u00e1-mirim is a territory of Brazil", "evidence": "The Ilha de Guajar\u00e1-Mirim (Brazil) or Isla Su\u00e1rez (Bolivia) is one of the world's many disputed territories. The island lies in the Rio Mamor\u00e9 in Amazon, which defines part of the boundary between the Bolivian department of Beni and the Brazilian state of Rond\u00f4nia in the Amazon. The island's sovereignty is the object of passive contention between the governments of Brazil and Bolivia, which administer it de jure. [...] The Government of Brazil agreed with the Government of Bolivia to re-examine the issue of the legal status of the island of Guajar\u00e1 Mirim (Isla Su\u00e1rez).[2] In 2009, the island continues without a definitive solution regarding its territorial possession, and it remains supposedly under Bolivian administration, despite the fact that the island is a place of economic activity for the Brazilian inhabitants of Guajar\u00e1-Mirim, who hold most of the island's territory. More than 80 islands in the Guapor\u00e9 and Mamor\u00e9 rivers have yet to be assigned to one country or another.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Gulf of Venezuela is a territory of Colombia", "evidence": "The Gulf of Venezuela, which is also known as Golfo De Venezuela in Spanish, is a kidney-shaped embayment situated at the northwestern tip of South America. It is an inlet of the Caribbean Sea in Columbia and Venezuela. The Gulf of Venezuela separates the Guajira Peninsula to the west which is partly under Venezuelan Sovereignty and partly under Colombian Sovereignty, and the Paraguana Peninsula to the east which is under the sovereignty of Venezuela. It is at the northernmost boundary of both countries. [...] The Caribbean Sea to the north brings saline water to the embayment while Lake Maracaibo receives fresh water from numerous rivers including the Catatumbo River which is situated close to the southern end of the lake. The water from Lake Maracaibo then flows into the Gulf of Venezuela carrying large loads of sediment. At the point where Catatumbo River meets Lake Maracaibo, environmental conditions allow the production of large quantities of ozone which consequently sparks lighting which lights up the sky for every evening for 160 days or more in a year. [...] There has been a longstanding dispute between Venezuela and Columbia over the Gulf of Venezuela. The dispute resurfaced recently when President Nicolas Maduro established the area as an insular zone of constitutive defense through a decree. In 1987, the dispute nearly led to a military conflict between the two nations when Colombia positioned two Corvettes in the disputed waters, and Venezuela sent troops and F-16 warplanes to the area. The areas in dispute are relatively small in size, but the possibility of oil deposits in the area makes it an area of great importance to both countries.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Gulf of Venezuela is a territory of Venezuela", "evidence": "El Gulf of venezuela (or Gulf of Coquivacoa for Colombians) is a body of water located in the north of South America, which in its greater proportion occupies the territorial waters of Venezuela. A small part of the gulf is located off the coast of La Guajira de Colombia, which is why there have been many disputes between both countries as they cannot define the maritime border. [...] The limits of the Gulf of Venezuela are marked by the Guajira Peninsula (Colombia) to the west and Paraguan\u00e1 Peninsula (Venezuela) to the east. To the north, the Archipelago of the Monks it is considered the natural border between the gulf and the open waters of the Caribbean Sea. To the south, the coasts of the Venezuelan states of Zulia and Falc\u00f3n. Between them the Maracaibo Canal, which connects the waters of the Gulf with those of the Gulf of Maracaibo, a kind of Venezuelan inland sea. [...] The Gulf of Venezuela has great strategic and economic importance. On a strategic level, as it is the connecting route between the Gulf of Maracaibo and the Atlantic Ocean; economically, due to the presence under its seabed of important bags of oil and natural gas.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Los Monjes Archipelago is a territory of Colombia", "evidence": "Los Monjes Archipelago (Archipi\u00e9lago Los Monjes): The Los Monjes Archipelago is a series of 24 rocky islets located north of the Gulf of Venezuela. It is notable for its ecological importance and marine biodiversity. Los Hermanos Archipelago (Archipi\u00e9lago Los Hermanos): Los Hermanos Archipelago comprises a chain of eight rocky, barren islets off the northern coast of Venezuela in the Caribbean Sea, part of the Lesser Antilles. [...] Los Frailes Archipelago (Archipi\u00e9lago Los Frailes): The Los Frailes Archipelago is a group of ten islands located about 250 km (155 mi) north of the coast of Venezuela. The islands are uninhabited and are a protected area for seabirds.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa", "evidence": "KaNgwane (Swazi: [ka\u02c8\u014b\u0261wan\u025b]) was a bantustan in South Africa, intended by the apartheid government to be a semi-independent homeland for the Swazi people. It was called the \"Swazi Territorial Authority\" from 1976 to 1977. In September 1977 it was renamed KaNgwane and received a legislative assembly. After a temporary suspension of its homeland status during 1982, the legislative assembly was restored in December 1982. KaNgwane was granted nominal self-rule in August 1984. Its capital was at Louieville. It was the least populous of the ten homelands, with an estimated 183,000 inhabitants. Unlike the other homelands in South Africa, KaNgwane did not adopt a distinctive flag of its own[3] but flew the national flag of South Africa.[4] [...] KaNgwane ceased to exist on 27 April 1994 when the Interim Constitution dissolved the homelands and created new provinces. Its territory became part of the province of Mpumalanga. [...] After some time without responding at all to the intensified mobilisation, the government of South Africa found another way to force independence on KaNgwane: it announced the incorporation of KaNgwane territory and Ingwavuma region of the then \u2018homeland\u2019 of KwaZulu into the Kingdom of Swaziland, the so-called land deal between the government of the Republic of South Africa and the Kingdom of Swaziland.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa", "evidence": "KaNgwane (Swazi: [ka\u02c8\u014b\u0261wan\u025b]) was a bantustan in South Africa, intended by the apartheid government to be a semi-independent homeland for the Swazi people. It was called the \"Swazi Territorial Authority\" from 1976 to 1977. In September 1977 it was renamed KaNgwane and received a legislative assembly. After a temporary suspension of its homeland status during 1982, the legislative assembly was restored in December 1982. KaNgwane was granted nominal self-rule in August 1984. Its capital was at Louieville. It was the least populous of the ten homelands, with an estimated 183,000 inhabitants. Unlike the other homelands in South Africa, KaNgwane did not adopt a distinctive flag of its own[3] but flew the national flag of South Africa.[4] [...] KaNgwane ceased to exist on 27 April 1994 when the Interim Constitution dissolved the homelands and created new provinces. Its territory became part of the province of Mpumalanga. [...] - ^ \"KaNgwane (South African homeland)\".", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Los Monjes Archipelago is a territory of Venezuela", "evidence": "On August 22, 1871, Venezuelan President Antonio Guzm\u00e1n Blanco decided to group all the Venezuelan islands, except Coche, Cubagua, Margarita and Isla de Aves, as the Federal Territory of Columbus, which would be controlled by a governor appointed by the President of the Republic. The United Kingdom wanted the Isla de Patos, but on February 26, 1942, it was resolved by the delimitation of the soil and subsoil of the Gulf of Paria. The Los Monjes Archipelago, which Venezuela integrated as part of its territory, was the object of controversy, but in 1952, the Colombian Foreign Minister recognized Venezuelan sovereignty over the territory through a diplomatic note and in 1992, the Colombian government affirmed that it would not claim the territory. [...] The Archipelago of Los Roques is one of the biggest tourist attractions of the country with a variety of beaches and cays that are visited by tourists from all over the world.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Southern Patagonian Ice Field is a territory of Argentina", "evidence": "The Southern Patagonian Ice Field (Spanish: Campo de Hielo Patag\u00f3nico Sur), located at the Southern Patagonic Andes between Chile and Argentina, is the world's second largest contiguous extrapolar ice field.[1] It is the bigger of two remnant parts of the Patagonian Ice Sheet, which covered all of southern Chile during the last glacial period, locally called the Llanquihue glaciation. The Southern Patagonia Ice Field extends from parallels 48\u00b0 15\u2032 S to 51\u00b0 30\u2032 S for approximately 350 kilometres (220 mi), and has an approximate area of 16,480 km2 (6,360 sq mi), of which 14,200 km2 belong to Chile and 2,600 km2 belong to Argentina.[lower-alpha 1] [...] The Southern Patagonian Ice Field section of the border is the last remaining border issue between Chile and Argentina. On August 1, 1991, the governments of Chile and Argentina agreed on a borderline, but the agreement was never ratified by the Argentine legislature. Later, in 1998, both governments agreed to redraw the borderline between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Murall\u00f3n[12][13]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Southern Patagonian Ice Field is a territory of Chile", "evidence": "The Southern Patagonian Ice Field is located in the Andes Cordillera Mountain range, straddling the border between Argentina and Chile. It spans approximately 350 km in length, covering an area of around 16,800 km2 and represents the largest mass of ice in the Southern Hemisphere, excluding Antarctica. Moreover, it ranks as one of the main tourist attractions in the region, standing third in the world after Antarctica and Greenland in terms of extent and amount of stored ice. The resources of the territory are used by both states situated on the eastern and western sides of the Andes, but the majority of the surface area falls under the sovereignty of Chile, which owns more than 85%. [...] The matter of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field is ongoing, despite the efforts of Santiago officials responsible for keeping it \"secret.\" This is not just a technical problem; it affects national security, posing a visible and concrete threat to Chile\u2019s sovereignty over vast freshwater reserves. Therefore, it is an issue that must be addressed in relation to society, which is, in the end, the rightful owner of the national territory. This problem continues to be studied by the Mixed Boundary Commission, and the internal tensions in Chile and the \"growing\" territorial claims of Argentina prove that it is premature to declare it a \"case closed.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Monte Fitz Roy is a territory of Argentina", "evidence": "Mount Fitz Roy is one of the most iconic landmarks in Patagonia. The mountain stands at an impressive 3,405 meters (11,171 feet) above sea level and is part of Los Glaciares National Park. The mountain is also well-known for its unique rock formations, which are caused by wind and weather erosion. [...] Mount Fitz Roy is part of the Patagonian Andes and is located in Los Glaciares National Park, which straddles the border between Argentina and Chile. However, the mountain is firmly on the Argentinian side and can only be accessed from there. [...] The Mount Fitz Roy/Laguna de los Tres hike is one of the most beautiful in the Patagonia region, which is famous for its breathtaking landscapes.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Monte Fitz Roy is a territory of Chile", "evidence": "Monte Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chalt\u00e9n, Cerro Fitz Roy, or simply Mount Fitz Roy) is a mountain in Patagonia, on the border between Argentina and Chile.[2][3][6][4][5] It is located in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, near El Chalt\u00e9n village and Viedma Lake. It was first climbed in 1952 by French alpinists Lionel Terray and Guido Magnone. [...] On February 27, 2014, Chile's National Forestry Corporation created the Chalt\u00e9n Mountain Range Natural Site by Resolution No. 74, which covers the Chilean side of Mount Fitz Roy and the surrounding mountain range.[9] [...] - ^ a b c \"Mount Fitz Roy - Difrol.cl\". Archived from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2016.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Cerro Murall\u00f3n is a territory of Argentina", "evidence": "Cerro Murall\u00f3n is a glacier mountain of the Andes, in Patagonia, located on the eastern edge of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, southwest of Lake Viedma, at the border between Chile and Argentina. On the Argentine side, the hill has been part of the Los Glaciares National Park since 1937, in the Lago Argentino Department in the Santa Cruz Province, which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1981. On the Chilean side, it has been part of the Bernardo O'Higgins National Park, since 1969, in the commune of Natales in the \u00daltima Esperanza Province in the Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica Region. According to some sources its height is 2,656 meters (8,714 ft) above sea level,[1] and according to others it is 2,831 meters (9,288 ft) above sea level.[2] Cerro Murall\u00f3n is named for its immense granite wall it presents.[3] Cerro Murall\u00f3n was photographed for the first time by the Salesian missionary Alberto Mar\u00eda de Agostini in 1949,[4] and its first ascent was made by Eduardo Garc\u00eda, Cedomir Marangunic, Eric Shipton and Jack Ewer on January 24, 1961, on its west face. The first climb to the northeast wall was made in 1984 by the Italians Carlo Alde, Casimiro Ferrari and Paolo Vitali.[5][6]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Bakassi is a territory of Cameroon", "evidence": "Moreover, by Diplomatic Note No. 570 of 27 March 1962, the government of Tafawa Balewa of Nigeria exchanged diplomatic notes with Cameroon acknowledging the fact that Bakassi was indeed Cameroonian territory (Aghemelo and Ibhasebhor 2006). In July 1966, Lt.-Col. Gowon came to power in Nigeria. As the Balewa government, he too committed his government to respect all prior international agreements made by the Balewa and Ironsi governments. [...] On 10 October 2002, after eight years of deliberations, the ICJ at The Hague decided that Cameroon had sovereignty over Bakassi, basing its decision on old colonial documents (Lacey and Banerjee 2002). The boundaries in the Lake Chad region were determined by the Thomson-Marchand Declarations of 1929\u20131930 and the boundary in Bakassi was determined by the Anglo-German Treaty of 11 March 1913. The Court requested Nigeria to quickly and unconditionally withdraw her administration, police and military from the area of Lake Chad under Cameroonian sovereignty and from the Bakassi Peninsula. The ICJ equally requested Cameroon to expeditiously and without condition remove any administration or military or police forces which may be present along the land boundary from Lake Chad to the Bakassi Peninsula on territories which, pursuant to the judgment, fall within the sovereignty of Nigeria.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Bakassi is a territory of Nigeria", "evidence": "LAGOS \u2014 Fresh facts have emerged, showing that the disputed Bakassi peninsula which the International Court of Justice, ICJ, ceded to Cameroon, actually belongs to Nigeria. Vanguard gathered that the jurists at ICJ might have been misled by the legal teams of Cameroon and Nigeria, who did not show vital information that clearly placed Bakassi as a territory within the geographical, political and administrative jurisdiction and control of Nigeria, contrary to the October 10, 2002, verdict which awarded the sovereignty of the peninsula to Cameroon. [...] The British were fully in control of the Calabar Sea Port. The Germans went East of Akwa Yafe River, which took them to the Rio Del Rey estuary to the sea. This ensured that the Bakassi Peninsula was on the West, which put the Peninsula on the Nigerian territory. The predominant population on the Peninsula then were the Efiks and Efuts, who were of Efik kingdom which stretched up to Khumba, Victoria and Bamenda.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Bhutanese enclaves is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Until recently, the Sino-Bhutanese border dispute involved territory in the western and central sectors only. Beijing claimed 764 square kilometers of Bhutanese territory: 495 sq km in the Jakurlung and Pasamlung Valleys in north-central Bhutan and another 269 sq km in western Bhutan. [...] China\u2019s claims over Bhutanese territory are indirect, stemming from its claims over Tibet. When the Qing dynasty extended Chinese rule over Tibet in the 18th century, the Tibetan ruler Polhane, who apparently held suzerainty over Bhutan, passed this on to Tibet\u2019s Chinese overlord. China bases its territorial claims in Bhutan on the latter\u2019s vassalage to Tibet. [...] China began asserting its claims over Bhutan with increasing vigor in the late 19th century to counter growing British influence there. In 1930, Mao Zedong claimed that Bhutan (among other Himalayan kingdoms) fell within the \"the correct boundaries of China.\" The People\u2019s Republic of China was even more aggressive in asserting such claims; official maps showed parts of Bhutanese territory as part of China. Moreover, during its annexation of Tibet, China briefly occupied eight Bhutanese enclaves in western Bhutan. Chinese incursions into Bhutanese territory have continued, as has China\u2019s building of roads in disputed areas. This despite the fact that under Clause 3 of the 1998 Treaty to Maintain Peace and Tranquility on the Bhutan-China border areas, the two sides agreed to maintain the status quo on the border areas.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ingwavuma is a territory of Eswatini", "evidence": "Contenido The Ingwavuma River is a river in Swaziland, and a major tributary of the Maputo River. It begins near Nhlangano and runs through the territory of Swaziland, until the town of Nsoko, where after 5 kilometers it crosses the border into South Africa. Already in South African territory, and 6 kilometers southwest of the Ndumo Game Reserve, the Ingwavuma River flows into the Maputo River.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Bhutanese enclaves is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "- The PRC\u2019s claims over Bhutanese territory have expanded over the years, including recent large-scale construction in disputed valleys, which contradicts the 1998 agreement to maintain the status quo, challenging Bhutanese sovereignty and raising strategic concerns for India. [...] The PRC also tends to see Bhutan to some extent as a part of its own territory. In 1930, for instance, Mao Zedong claimed that Bhutan fell under \"the correct boundaries of China.\" Official maps of the PRC released in 1954 and 1958 reflected Beijing\u2019s expanding territorial claims in Bhutan, and in 1959, amid its annexation of Tibet, the pRC occupied eight Bhutanese enclaves in western Bhutan. [4] The bloody suppression of the Tibetan uprising and the flight of the 14th Dalai Lama and his followers left a deep impression on the Bhutanese. Accounts of Chinese atrocities on Tibetans who fled to Bhutan convinced them that the Chinese were \"out to destroy Buddhism and Buddhists\" (China Brief, April 20, 2017). Even the PRC\u2019s most recent standard national map includes disputed Bhutanese territories as its own (People\u2019s Daily App, August 28, 2023).", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Bhutanese enclaves is a territory of Bhutan", "evidence": "But more interestingly, the report mentions several Bhutanese enclaves in Tibet. It notes: \"Chinese officials have illegally dispossessed the designated authorities of the Government of Bhutan in the following eight villages situated in western Tibet over which Bhutan has been exercising administrative jurisdiction for more than 300 years: Khangri, Tarchen, Tsekhor, Diraphu, Dzung Tuphu, Jangehe, Chakip and Kocha.\" Minsar, the Indian enclave in Tibet is better known, but these villages too did not belong to Tibet, they were part of Bhutan\u2019s territory. [...] The scholar, John Bray, who is the president of the International Association of Ladakh Studies, wrote a fascinating research paper on the \u2018Bhutanese enclaves\u2019 in Tibet. He explained that until the 1950s \"both Ladakh and Bhutan governed small enclaves of territory in Western Tibet. Ladakh\u2019s enclave consisted of the village of Minsar, near lake Manasarovar, and its surrounding land, while Bhutan governed the Darchen Labrang and several smaller monasteries and villages near Mount Kailash. Bhutan continued to raise revenue there for some 300 years.\". [...] Are the forgotten Bhutanese enclaves \u2018ripe for settlement\u2019 now? Mr Geng has probably forgotten their existence.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Darchen is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Darchen, Tarchan, or Taqin(\u5854\u94a6) is a small village in Purang County of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Darchen is situated right in front of the sacred mountain, Mount Kailash. Its altitude is 4,575 meters and is the starting point for pilgrimages in the region. [...] Darchen is a completely Tibetan town though there are now more and more Chinese settling down opening hotels and restaurants. It contains a couple of restaurants and hotels or guesthouses. Mountain Horse Kee Restaurant by the main road is favored by travelers for its bright environment and its attention to health. There are several good accommodations for travelers to choose, such as Kailash Hotel, Mount Kailash Hotel, Gangdise Guesthouse, Zhusu Guesthouse next door and Gandise Hotel where Public Security Bureau PSB officers are stationed from spring until October, and where pilgrims must get their travel permit stamped, and buy a \"ticket\" if they wish to circumambulate Mt. Kailash.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Darchen is a territory of Bhutan", "evidence": "If you look at Darchen on Google maps satellite view, it appears to be little more than a collection of buildings in a small village in western Tibet. However, this small village is one of the most important places for both Buddhist and Hindu pilgrims, as it lies at the gateway to the holiest site in the world for both religions. Sitting at the side of the G219 National Road in Burang County of Ngari Prefecture of Western Tibet, Darchen is the place all pilgrims pass through on their way to the sacred Mount Kailash, also known in Tibet as Gang Rinpoche, Kangrinboq\u00ea, or Mount Kailasa. This holy mountain, which is said to be the home of the gods for four separate religions, is the most sacred and spiritual natural site in Tibet and is visited by hundreds of thousands of pilgrims and tourists every year. [...] Interestingly, while it is hundreds of kilometers from the Bhutanese border, Darchen was once an exclave of that kingdom, a small territory of the Land of the Thunder Dragon in Tibet, which they held for more than 300 years until 1959.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Doklam is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "I 1. The Dong Lang area (Doklam) is located in Yadong county of the Tibet autonomous region of China. It borders India\u2019s Sikkim state on the west and the Kingdom of Bhutan on the south. In 1890, China and the UK signed the Convention Between Great Britain and China Relating to Sikkim and Tibet which delimited the boundary between the Tibet region of China and Sikkim. According to the Convention, the Dong Lang area, which is located on the Chinese side of the boundary, is indisputably Chinese territory. For long, China\u2019s border troops have been patrolling the area and Chinese herdsmen grazing livestock there. At present, the boundary between the Dong Lang area and Sikkim is a part of the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector. [...] 8. The China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector has already been delimited, and the Dong Lang area is Chinese territory. China\u2019s road building on its own territory is aimed at improving local transportation, which is completely lawful and legitimate. China did not cross the boundary in its road building, and it notified India in advance in full reflection of China\u2019 s goodwill. The Indian border troops have flagrantly crossed the mutually-recognized boundary to intrude into the Chinese territory and violated China\u2019 s territorial sovereignty. This is indeed a real attempt to change the status quo of the boundary, and it has gravely undermined peace and tranquility of the China-India border area.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Doklam is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "China\u2019s most recent territorial claims in Sakteng are of immense strategic value. The area adjoins the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, which contains disputed territory between China and India. Tawang, a key bone of contention between India and China in the eastern sector of the Line of Actual Control (LAC), lies to Sakteng\u2019s northeast and is vital to Indian border defense. Control over Doklam and Sakteng together will give China significant military advantages in dealing with India in the eastern sector of the LAC. India plans to build a road from Guwahati to Tawang via the Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, which will reduce travel distance and strengthen its ability to speed up the overland mobilization of troops to the disputed Sino-Indian border. China may have added Sakteng to its claimed territories in an effort to pre-empt India\u2019s plans for the Guwahati-Sakteng-Tawang road (Asian Affairs, August 1, 2020). [...] [6] While the Bhutanese government maintained that the road [lay] inside Bhutanese territory and \"is a direct violation of the [1988 and 1998] agreements and affects the process of demarcating the boundary\" between the two countries (Bhutan MFA, August 6, 2017), the PRC insisted that \"Doklam has been a part of China since ancient times\" and \"is an indisputable fact supported by historical and jurisprudential evidence, and the ground situation.\" China\u2019s construction of [a] road in Doklam is an act of sovereignty on its own territory, it said (PRC MFA, June 28, 2016).", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Doklam is a territory of Bhutan", "evidence": "Indian and Chinese forces have been locked in a standoff over the Doklam plateau, a territory disputed between China and Bhutan, since June. The disputed territory is located at the Doka La pass, a tri-junction where Bhutan borders the Indian state of Sikkim and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. India, which enjoys a close relationship with Bhutan, is concerned about Chinese encroachment in Doklam because it would bring Chinese forces closer to its vulnerable \"Chicken\u2019s Neck\" \u2013 the narrow Siliguri Corridor that connects India\u2019s northeast to the rest of the country. In 2005, Bhutan considered yielding territory in the Doklam region to China in order to regain land in northern Bhutan \u2013 at least twice the size of the Doklam plateau. However, Bhutan acquiesced to India\u2019s wishes to cancel the deal, demonstrating the power of the bilateral relationship between the two countries, which has been strengthened by years of close cooperation after the People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA) cracked down on dissent in Tibet in 1959. Despite China\u2019s geopolitical and economic rise in recent decades, and their shared border, Bhutan remains guarded against its northern neighbor, forestalling the development of any diplomatic relationship. Such behavior is often questioned \u2013 after all, the argument goes that Bhutan would only have to give up a minuscule piece of land in order to normalize relations with a neighbor whose investment potential far exceeds that of India\u2019s. Recently, some Bhutanese analysts have even suggested that Bhutan lacks a strong claim to the disputed portion of the Doklam region.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Doklam is a territory of Bhutan", "evidence": "Bhutan and China started boundary talks in 1984 and have since focused on mainly three disputed areas \u2014 Jakarlung and Pasamlung areas in north Bhutan, and the Doklam area in west Bhutan. [...] India considers the Doklam plateau as an undisputed territory of Bhutan, whereas, Beijing regards it as an extension of its Chumbi Valley, which lies between Sikkim and Bhutan, noted ThePrint. [...] There are concerns in New Delhi that a deal between Thimphu and Beijing could include swapping Doklam \u2013 located close to the tri-junction between India, Bhutan and China \u2013 for disputed territories in the north. This trijunction point is at a spot called Batang La. China wants to shift this point about 7 km south of Batang La to a peak called Mount Gipmochi \u2013 a move unacceptable to New Delhi as that would mean the entire Doklam plateau would be under Beijing\u2019s control.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The Demchok sector[a] is a disputed area named after the villages of Demchok in Ladakh and Demchok in Tibet, situated near the confluence of the Charding Nullah and Indus River. It is a part of the greater Sino-Indian border dispute between China and India. Both China and India claim the disputed region, with a Line of Actual Control between the two nations situated along the Charding Nullah.[b] [...] The talks were held in Beijing between Zhang Hanfu, China's Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, N. Raghavan, the Indian Ambassador to China and T.N. Kaul, his Charg\u00e9 d'Affaires and Chen Chai-Kang, a Director. They lasted from December 1953 till end of April 1954. [...] Kaul objected, Demchok was in India, he told Chen who answered that India's border was further on the West of the Indus. On Kaul's insistence Chen said \"There can be no doubt about actual physical possession which can be verified on spot but to avoid any dispute we may omit mention of Demchok\". [...] In October 1962, the Demchok sub-sector was held by the 7 J&K Militia. The PLA launched an attack on October 22. [...] The PLA eventually withdrew, but occupied the southern part of Demchok.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Demchok sector is a territory of India", "evidence": "Demchok[a] (Tibetan: \u0f4c\u0f7a\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f46\u0f7c\u0f42, Wylie: bde mchog, THL: dem chok),[6][7] previously called New Demchok,[8] and called Parigas (Chinese: \u5df4\u91cc\u52a0\u65af; pinyin: B\u0101l\u01d0 ji\u0101 s\u012b) by the Chinese,[6][9][b] is a village and military encampment in the Indian-administered Demchok sector, that is disputed between India and China. It is administered as part of the Nyoma tehsil in the Leh district of Ladakh by India,[1][10] and claimed by China as part of the Tibet Autonomous Region.[11] [...] - ^ Arpi, Claude (December 2016) [abridged version published in Indian Defence Review, 19 May 2017], The Case of Demchok (PDF): 'Kaul objected, Demchok was in India, he told Chen who answered that India's border was further on the West of the Indus. On Kaul's insistence Chen said \"There can be no doubt about actual physical possession which can be verified on spot but to avoid any dispute we may omit mention of Demchok\". Though Kaul repeated Demchok was on India's side, the Chinese did not budge.' [...] External links [edit]- Demchok Western Sector (Chinese claim), OpenStreetMap - Demchok Eastern Sector (Indian claim), OpenStreetMap", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa", "evidence": "Ingwavuma is a town in the Umkhanyakude District Municipality of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. It is unclear where the name of the town came from; one theory is that it was named after the Ngwavuma River while another is that there was a leader called Vuma, the name then meaning \"Vuma's place\" in Zulu. Trees found on the river bank are also named Ngwavuma (Elaeodendron transvaalense or Bushveld Saffron) but it is unclear which entity was named after which (person, river, town or trees). It is over 700 metres (2,297 feet) above sea level in the Lebombo Mountains and boasts several highly scenic spots. The town is three kilometres (2 miles) from the country's border with Eswatini and overlooks the plains of Maputaland to the East. [...] The Ngwavuma is a river in Eswatini and KwaZulu-Natal Province in southern Africa. It is also known as the Inguavuma, Ingwavuma, Ingwovuma, and Nggwavuma, and is one of the five major rivers in Eswatini. It arises in southwestern Eswatini and flows eastward. It is a tributary of the Pongola River.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Demchok sector is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The Demchok sector is a disputed area named after the villages of Demchok in Ladakh and Demchok in Tibet, situated near the confluence of the Charding Nullah and Indus River. It is a part of the greater Sino-Indian border dispute between China and India. Both China and India claim the disputed region, with a Line of Actual Control between the two nations situated along the Charding Nullah.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Depsang Plains is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "People's Republic of China's position [edit]The Depsang Plains are located on the border of the Indian union territory of Ladakh and the disputed zone of Aksai Chin. The Chinese Army controls most of the plains,[4] while India controls the western portion of the plains.[5] The dispute remains unresolved.[6] [...] - ^ Manoj Joshi (2013-05-07). \"Making sense of the Depsang incursion\". The Hindu. Retrieved 2014-03-15.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Depsang Plains is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "With the conclusion of the 20th Party Congress last month which consolidated President Xi Jinping\u2019s continued reign for an unprecedented third term, there are daunting and potentially ominous times ahead for its two immediate neighbours\u2013Taiwan and India. Let us begin with the latter, the Chinese have shown considerable truculence in their negotiations with India. As reported recently, an Indian intelligence report indicates that the Chinese are in no mood to vacate territory claimed by India in the Depsang plains of Ladakh. The territory on which Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) units are perched is 18 kilometres inside India\u2019s claim lines, and the PLA has significantly enhanced its development of infrastructure along the Western sector. The Modi government would be well advised to be cautious and disabused of any temptation to concede the People\u2019s Republic of China\u2019s (PRC) land grab, notwithstanding the Modi-Xi handshake at the G-20 Summit in Bali. This is reinforced by the Indian Army Chief General Manoj Pande\u2019s recent statement that while the contested border is \"\u2026stable\u2026 unpredictable\". The Depsang Plains is a strategically important territory, because the PLA\u2019s control threatens India\u2019s control over the Siachen Glacier, bringing the Indian Army under a pincer from both China and Pakistan.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Depsang Plains is a territory of India", "evidence": "This was not unusual: there were, as we have pointed out, many places along the LAC where the border was really marked by a Line of Perception\u2014the Chinese had one and the Indians another. In this case the Lines of Perception had been some 10\u201315 km apart. The Chinese patrolled to their line and the Indians theirs. By agreement neither side could build structures or camp in this area. The Depsang Plains, some 900 sq. km in size and at an altitude of 16,000 ft (5,000 m), lie between high mountains on the Indian side and the Laktsang range in the east, adjacent to which runs the Chinese Aksai Chin Highway (G-219). To its north is the undisputed Sino\u2013Indian border point\u2014the Karakoram Pass, and to the south a knot of mountain territory which includes the Galwan river, the site of the June 2020 incident. To their surprise, the Indians were confronted by something unusual next morning. The Chinese had pitched tents and had not gone back. Neither did they do so the day after.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Chumar is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The staring match between Indian and Chinese troops at Chumar in eastern Ladakh continued on Friday amid evidence that the Chinese were retreating. Indian troops, however, have decided to adopt an aggressive stance and stay put at their positions in the sector. [...] Chumar, the last village in Ladakh area bordering Himachal Pradesh, has been a bone of contention with China claiming it to be its own territory. China has been sending helicopter sorties to the area almost every year. [...] Chumar became flash point during the fortnight long standoff last year in Daulat Beg Oldie as the Chinese side had objected to overhead bunkers erected by the Indian side.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Chumar is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Chumar is a place in the provences of Jammu and Kashmir, India.[1] The area is claimed by both China and India.[2] According to China's Ministry of Defence \"the two countries\u2019 border, to this day, has not been designated\".[2] The problem is that for centuries, the sparsely inhabited mountainous region existed as a buffer zone between empires.[3] A border war broke out in 1962 that has to date killed thousands of soldiers. The tension between the two countries has come and gone but is now raised again.[3] References [change | change source]- \u2191 \"Where is Chumar in Jammu and Kashmir, India Located?\". GoMapper. Archived from the original on 18 August 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2015. [...] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chumar.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Chumar is a territory of India", "evidence": "A 16-day stand-off ensued between Indian and Chinese forces in eastern Ladakh near the village of Chumar, after Indian soldiers tried to block Chinese construction work into what India considers its territory. This stand-off began on 16 September, the eve of Chinese President Xi Jinping\u2019s first visit to India, about four months after Modi was elected PM. The stand-off began after the People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA) tried to extend the road from Chepzi towards Chumar (which India considers to be its own territory), and the construction work was stopped by Indian soldiers. Meanwhile, in Demchok, which is located in the Chumar area, PLA troops had pushed civilians into Indian territory to prevent ongoing work on an irrigation canal. [...] The stand-off was resolved after India and China managed to reach a quid pro quo. While the Chinese agreed to not pursue construction of the Chepzi-Chumar road, India agreed to demolish its observation hut at Tible in the same sector, and refrain from building bunkers there.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The Pare Chu begins north of the Parang La (5580 m), the main pass linking Spiti to Ladakh. It flows in a northeastern direction before entering Ladakh and turning south. The Pare Chu then crosses into the Tibetan territory known as Chumurti (Chu-mur-ti), in the township of Chusum (Chu-gsum), Tsamda (rTsa-mda\u2019) county (Tibetan Autonomous Region). According to a Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR) administrative map produced in the Tibetan language, entitled Bod rang skyong ljongs srid \u2019dzin sa khul gyi sa bkra, the stretch of the Pare Chu in Tibet is called Rubshok Tsangpo (Rub-shog gtsang-po). Bending again, this time to the west, the Pare Chu reenters India at Kaurik (Khyu-rigs) and joins with the Spiti river at Sumdo (Sum-mdo). A sliver of territory in southeastern Spiti under Indian jurisdiction is still officially contested by People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC). The disputed area includes Kaurik, Sumdo and the Gyu (rGyu) valley. Fortunately, both India and the PRC have stated that they are committed to a peaceful settlement of all outstanding border issues. Residents of Kaurik were resettled in Hurling and other places after the 1962 war with China. [...] 2013, January. \"High on the khyung\". [...] Balikci, Anna. 2008. Lamas, Shamans and Ancestors: Village Religion in Sikkim. Brill\u2019s Tibetan Studies Library, vol. 17. Leiden: Brill.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Koalou is a territory of Burkina Faso", "evidence": "Koalou or Kourou is a neutral zone between Benin and Burkina Faso[2] containing the villages of Koalou, Niorgou I, and Niorgou II.[3] The 68 km2 area of land is near the tripoint border with Togo and has been the subject of a dispute between the two countries for years. For Benin, the zone is part of the commune of Mat\u00e9ri in the department of Atakora; for Burkina Faso, the zone is part of the department of Pama in the province of Kompienga. The two countries chose to settle the issue peacefully in 2008 by removing all displayed symbols of sovereignty from both countries.[2] Since 2009, the area has been administered by the Joint Committee for the Concerted Management of the Kourou/Koalou Area (COMGEC-K). The committee is composed of 14 members from each country and is led by two chairmen.[2] Due to the delicate legal situation of the area, there is a lack of security as both Burkinabe and Benin forces have deserted the area in order to avoid a diplomatic incident.[4] The hole left by the security forces has caused Koalou/Kourou to become an epicentre of an illicit cross-border fuel trade. It has also allowed for Al-Qaida-affiliated groups to operate gold mines in the area and tax smugglers.[5] The problem has been slightly reduced following a crackdown on the area by Beninese troops in 2023. However, it did not come without controversy from Burkina Faso.[5][6]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Shipki La is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post on the India-Tibet border. It is located in Kinnaur district in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India, and Tibet Autonomous Region in People\u2019s Republic of China. Sutlej river enters India (from Tibet) through this pass. It is an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road. It is a border post for trade with China. The Shipki La pass is third Indian border post for business and trade with Tibetian people after the border post of Nathu La located in Sikkim, and the Lipulekh border post in Uttarakhand state of India. Shipki La pass is located very close to the village of Khab. Trade on the Shipki La Pass was re-established in 1993 after being shut in 1962 after Chinese attack. Trade has also been badly affected by flash floods. At present this border post Shipki is used mainly for the small-scale local trade just across the border. The Special Permit is given only to the local traders to go to Shipki La Pass to do cross border trade and Shipki La Pass is one of the three main Passes between India and China. This boarder is no more remained opened for nonresident people. In recent time travelers preferring to visit Tibet via land follow the route through Nepal. From year (2010), the Border Roads Organization (BRO) has been constructing a drivable way from the Indian side to join the tall pass.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Shipki La is a territory of India", "evidence": "Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post with a dozen buildings of significant size on the India-China border. The river Sutlej, which is called Langq\u00ean Zangbo in Tibet, enters India (from Tibet) near this pass.[1] A spur road on the Indian side rises to an altitude of 4,720 metres (15,490 ft) four km southwest of Shipki La. [...] The road from Tyak to Shipki is very dangerous and precipitous, sometimes consisting of a rather insecure scaffolding on the face of the cliff, hundreds of feet above the roaring torrent, and is suitable only for porters or goats as the path is often cut into the cliff and one has to bend double to proceed. After 4 miles there is a small village called Korang, and the Sutlej is crossed by bridge, the first since Toling. A mile farther on is Kiuk and, 3 miles past that, Shipki. ... The next day we found that it [our camp] was the other side of the village, and we passed it on our way to the Shipki La. This is the border village and there is a lumbardar (headman) here who speaks Urdu and can be very helpful. The Shipki La is 13,420 feet and is the border between Tibet and Bashahr State. As far as I know it is the lowest pass through the Himalaya and is open for a large part of the year: On the pass I rested and looked back to Tibet, just turning golden-brown in the morning sun.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Shipki La is a territory of India", "evidence": "Shipki La is a mountain pass with 3930 meters of elevation. It is also the border post between India and China. Indian portion of this pass comes under Kinnaur region of Himachal Pradesh and China occupies the pass in Ngari Prefecture in Tibet. River Sutlej, also called Langqen Zangbo in Tibet, enters India near this pass. Shipki La pass is one of the border posts of India for trade with China along with Nathu La pass in Sikkim and Lipulekh in Uttarakhand. Shipki La pass is located near the Khab village of Himachal Pradesh. The road at the Shipki La pass is an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road. Currently, the road is mainly used for local trade of small scale across the border. The opening of the border at the Shipki La pass is considered to be potential enough to increase trade on the both sides of the border. Visiting Information to Shipki La Pass", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Shipki La is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "After two years of trade suspension between India and China through the mountain passes connecting the two countries, primarily due to the Covid pandemic, the Himachal Pradesh government has sought clearance from the Union ministry to resume the business through Shipki La pass in the tribal Kinnaur district. [...] The bilateral trade through Shipki La pass reopened in 1993 after it was shut due to the Indo-China war in 1962. Shipki La is a mountain pass that connects the Kinnaur district to the Tibetan Autonomous Region in China.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Barahoti is a territory of India", "evidence": "Barahoti (Bara Hoti, Hoti Plain), also called Wu-Je or Wure (Chinese: \u4e4c\u70ed; pinyin: W\u016b r\u00e8), is a 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2) sloping plain located in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, Chamoli district.[1] It is disputed by China, which also disputes a 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) area surrounding it.[2] The entire disputed area also goes by the name \"Barahoti\", or sometimes \"Barahoti\u2013Sangchamalla\u2013Lapthal disputed area\". The entire area is on the Ganges side of the Sutlej\u2013Ganges water divide, which is also the current Line of Actual Control between India and China.[3] Barahoti was the first location in Indian territory claimed by China in 1954.[4] In 1960, China added Lapthal and Sangchamalla to the dispute and said that three places formed one composite area.[5]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Barahoti is a territory of India", "evidence": "Contestations along the Sino-Indian border are complex and deeply region-specific. When it comes to Barahoti the same understanding of where the border is has never been accepted by China, Tibet, or India. Barahoti is a grazing ground about 16,000 feet above sea-level, close to the Tun Jun La pass between India and Tibet. To date there is no agreement on the geographical location of Barahoti. India claims it lies two miles south of Tun Jun La, China say it is 12 km to the north of the pass (Mathur 2012). In the everyday functioning of the local state\u2019s outpost, this zone is a forgotten space where herdsmen, primarily Bhotiyas (lit. of Tibet) still take their livestock for grazing as the seasons change. In addition, a small contingent of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) is stationed there.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Barahoti is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Barahoti lies on the border with China in the Chamoli district of Uttrakhand, north of the Nanda Devi National Park. Back in July 2017, Chinese soldiers had transgressed into Barahoti twice during India's standoff with China in Bhutan's Doklam. An ITBP source had then told the Indian Express that, \"On both occasions [on July 15 and July 25] about 15-20 Chinese soldiers transgressed into the territory at Barahoti that India and China lay claim upon. The soldiers stayed there for a while and returned.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Jadhang is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The Nilang/Jadhang 'dispute' with Tibet Nilang/Jadhang is the third places \u2018disputed\u2019 by China in the Central Sector (going westward). [...] The Report of 1960 further noted: \"In this sector the Chinese alignment are conformed for the most part to the traditional Indian alignment. Only in four areas did it diverge from the watershed to include certain pockets of Indian territory in China-the Spiti are (Chuva and Chuje), Shipki pass, the Nilang-Jadhang area (Sang and Tsungsha) and Barahoti (Wu-je) Sangchamalla and Lapthal. In this sector, therefore, it would be sufficient to prove the traditional and customary basis of the Indian alignment in these four areas.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The Jadhs of Jadhung (Jadh-Dung) The name Jadung seems to have come from Jadh (name of the tribe that inhabited the valley) and Dung (mountain). The British mapmakers have mentioned this place as Jadhang, but all local residents of Uttarkashi use the name Jadung (perhaps Jadh-Dung) for this village and valley. The pronunciation agrees well with the nomenclature. Agriculture, livestock and commerce drove economy of their villages of Jadh-Dung and Nelang2. The Jadh population3 is estimated at around 2500 today of which more than 60% are residents of the Kinnaur valley in Himachal and the rest in the villages of Harsil and Dunda in Uttarakhand. Although of predominantly Bhotia origins, the Jadh people have a strong Garhwali influence. Even though they have converted to Buddhism and changed their rituals during the time of Tibetan domination; the legend of King Janak and festivals like Pandav Lila4 continues to live on in the Jadh consciousness. [...] Due to some communication issue, the post-commander at Jadung had not been informed about our arrival through official channels. By about 8 in the evening the official hassles were sorted out. The day ended with a nice campfire in the farmlands of Jadung. The little solar-powered lights of the ITBP post shone at a distance across a little stream. The silhouettes of the ruins of the Jadung village around created an ambience that was surreal and ghostly.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Jadhang is a territory of India", "evidence": "Sang (Jadhang) is a small hilly village in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. A tributary of the Jadh Ganga, itself an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. Mana Pass and some of the nearby villages are Tirpani, Nelang and Pulam Sumda, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.[1] [...] The valley of the Jadh Ganga is claimed by China.[2]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Lapthal is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Lapthal is located in the Pithoragarh district and Chamoli district of Uttarakahand, India.[1] Lapthal is historically part of India territory and currently controlled by India with some claim on the region by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. Origins of Lapthal [edit]The Lapthal Region, located in Pithoragarh District in the north-east of Uttarakhand, Himalayas, holds a fascinating geological history that traces back to the ancient Tethys Sea. During the Mesozoic Era, the Tethys Sea was a vast ocean separating the supercontinents of Gondwana and Laurasia. As tectonic movements gradually pushed these landmasses together, the Tethys Sea began to close, giving rise to the majestic Himalayas. Today, the Lapthal Region offers a rare glimpse into this bygone era, with marine fossils and sedimentary rock formations that once lay at the bottom of the Tethys Sea now visible on the surface. These geological remnants provide invaluable insights into the Earth's dynamic history and the processes that shaped the current Himalayan landscape. [2][3][4] [...] Presently, access to Lapthal is limited to trekking routes from Sumna in Chamoli or Munsiyari in Pithoragarh, although the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has plans to construct a new route from Sumna to Lapthal.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan", "evidence": "Address: Kafia Kingi (a territory on the border of Sudan and South Sudan whose final status has yet to be determined). [...] In April 2015, Salim departed Kafia Kingi to retrieve a shipment of tusks. In May, Salim participated in the transport of 20 pieces of ivory from DRC to Kafia Kingi. Around the same time, Ali met with the merchants to purchase supplies and to plan a future meeting to conduct additional transactions and to agree to terms of purchase on the LRA's behalf for what is assessed to be the ivory that Salim was escorting. [...] Address: a) Kafia Kingi (a territory on the border of Sudan and South Sudan whose final status has yet to be determined) b) Central African Republic", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Lapthal is a territory of India", "evidence": "Again the Indian negotiators had to show that the traditional and customary boundary in this sector lay along the watershed range, \"on which were the passes of Tsangchok La, Mana, Niti, Tunjun La, Balcha Dhura, Kungri Bingri, Darma and Lipulekh. Nilang, Jadhang and Pulamsumda were in Uttarkashi district (formerly Tehri-Garhwal State), Barahoti in Garhwal district and Sangchamalla and Lapthal in Almora district, in Uttar Pradesh State.\" [...] The road from Milam passes through Sangchamalla; and Lapthal is south of Sangchamalla; it meant that both places are in India. [...] The Report concluded that as far as Sangchamalla and Lapthal were concerned, the evidence submitted by India was conclusive: \"The Gazetteer Map clearly showed the pasture grounds of Sangchamalla and Lapthal as the northern most parts of the Patti Malla Johar of the Almora District and Milam was the northernmost village in the Patti. It was, therefore, clear that Sangchamalla and Lapthal were included in the traditional boundaries of Milam. The revenue settlements for Milam and the census taken in the area had also included Sangchamalla and Lapthal. The area upto the border had been regularly visited by Indian officials.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Lapthal is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "At the 15th meeting at Beijing on July 18, 1960, while answering the question of the Indian side, the Chinese suddenly stated that Barahoti (Wu-je), Sangchamalla and Lapthal formed one composite area on the Chinese side of the alignment claimed by them, and there was no Indian territory wedged between these three pockets. [...] The Report continued: \"In the winter of 1958, when according to usual practice, the Indian border check-posts retired south, Chinese patrols for the first time intruded into these two places; in 1959 the Chinese Government put forward a claim to these places; and now for the first time it was stated that Wu-je, Sangchamalla and Lapthal formed one composite area and the Chinese side claimed not merely these three places but also the territory lying between them, even though in the description given at an early stage of the meetings, Wu-je, Sangchamalla and Lapthal were specified as three separate places.\" [...] In any case Strachey had also said that \"from Sangchamalla he had proceeded north towards the boundary of Tibet. Lapthal was to the south of Sangchamalla and, therefore, the evidence about Sangchamalla covered Lapthal.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Nelong Valley is located within Gangotri National Park, so the opening and closing times of the National Park also apply to the valley. The National Park opens in April, and tourist visits are allowed only after forest officials complete their reconnaissance. In April, the National Park is still covered with snow, as is Nelong Valley. The best time to visit the nelong valley is from May to June and mid-September to mid-October. [...] Nelong Valley is visited only during the daytime, so the temperatures mentioned here reflect daytime conditions. [...] Before the Sino-Indian War of 1962, Nelong and other villages were residences of the Jadh Bhotiya tribe. The Jadh of Kinnaur and Nelong had trade ties with Tibet, and people from here used to go to Tibet regularly for trade. However, due to the war, all the villages were evacuated by 1965, and the Jad community was settled in Bagori and Dunda.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Nelang is a territory of India", "evidence": "Nelang or Nilang is a river valley of Himalayas, with a small eponymous village, in Uttarkashi District of Uttarakhand state of India. It is close to disputed Sino-India Line of Actual Control (LAC), hence also claimed by China as part of Zanda County of Ngari Prefecture of Tibet. [...] Jadh Ganga, an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through a narrow gorge flanked by steep cliffs. The gorge is called Jadh Ganga valley, and part of this valley near Nelang is called Nelang Valley. [...] Nelang and Jadhang villages are inhabited by the Char Bhutia tribe who practice Buddhism. During the 1962 Sino-Indian War, India evacuated these villages.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Nelang is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Nelang Valley: Mountain Desert and a Blue River [...] At an altitude of 11,600 feet, located 45 kilometres from the Indo-China border in Gangotri National Park is a cold mountain desert called Nelang. The etymology of the word Nelang suggests that it means the \u2018place of blue stones\u2019. It was once an important centre for trade with Tibet. [...] The women of this tribe were good weavers of carpets, blankets and woollen clothes. Jadh Bhotia tribesmen would travel to the Tibetan plateau for trade through the Nelang and Jadung Valleys. Traded goods included livestock such as yak, sheep and goats and products made out of their wool and skin.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Pulam Sumda is a territory of India", "evidence": "Pulam Sumda is a small hilly village which lies in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India. Pulam Sumda is a part of Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. Jadh Ganga, an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. Some of the nearby villages are Jadhang (Sang) and Nelang, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.[1][2] See Geography of Dhumku, Nelang, Pulam Sumda, Sumla and Mana Pass area and Geography of Mana.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Pulam Sumda is a territory of India", "evidence": "Pulam Sumda is a small hilly village which lies in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India. Pulam Sumda is a part of Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China.[1] The Jadh Ganga, an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. Some of the nearby villages are Jadhang, Sang and Nelang, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.[2][3] Geography [edit]See Geography of Dhumku, Nelang, Pulam Sumda, Sumla and Mana Pass area and Geography of Mana.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Sang is a territory of India", "evidence": "The Sangh Parivar, a network of organizations articulated around the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS \u2013 National Volunteer Corps), has become over the years a global movement propagating a Hindu nationalist agenda. As such, it links and imbricates transnationalism and nationalism. Hindu nationalism is an exclusive form of ethnoreligious nationalism which thrived in the first years of the twentieth century in reaction to the \u2018threat\u2019 theWest (Christian missionaries as well as British colonizers) and the Muslim minority (allegedly related to a pan-Islamic movement rooted in the Middle East) were according to its leaders posing to the Hindus. It was and still is very much linked to the soil of India and is not naturally inclined to overflow India\u2019s borders. Its deep-seated ethnoreligious nature coincides with a people and a civilization. It is indissociable from a territory, the \u2018sacred\u2019 land of \u2018eternal\u2019 India. However, over the years, the Sangh Parivar developed the idea of a global Hinduism that transcends the physical frontiers of India and reaches out to the diaspora, thus operating a shift from an ethnoterritorial to a more purely ethnic base \u2013 a development related to the growth of the Hindu diaspora. An RSS pamphlet significantly entitled RSS: Widening Horizons can thus boast that \u2018the Sangh\u2019s sphere of influence has been spreading far and wide, not only inside Bharat [India] but also abroad, like the radiance of a many splendoured diamond\u2019.1", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sipilou is a territory of Ivory Coast", "evidence": "Sipilou Department is a department of Tonkpi Region in Montagnes District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 73,109 and its seat is the settlement of Sipilou. The sub-prefectures of the department are Sipilou and Yorodougou. History [edit]Sipilou Department was created in 2012 by dividing Biankouma Department.[3][4] [...] - ^ \"Le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2012-611 du 04 juillet 2012 portant cr\u00e9ation des D\u00e9partements de Dj\u00e9kanou, Sipilou, Kong, Gb\u00e9l\u00e9ban, Taabo, Kouassi-Kouassikro, M\u00e9agui, S\u00e9gu\u00e9lon, Buyo, M'Bengu\u00e9, Facobly et Dianra\".", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "James Shoal is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Second, because Beijing has failed to put forth a lawful, coherent maritime claim in the South China Sea, the United States rejects any PRC claim to waters beyond a 12 nautical mile territorial sea derived from islands it claims in the Spratly Islands. This means that the United States rejects any PRC maritime claim in the waters surrounding Vanguard Bank (off Vietnam), Luconia Shoals (off Malaysia), Natuna Besar (off Indonesia), or in the waters of Brunei\u2019s EEZ. Any PRC action to harass other states\u2019 fishing or hydrocarbon development \u2014 or to unilaterally carry out such activities on its own \u2013 is unlawful. Period. Third, the PRC has no lawful territorial or maritime claim to James Shoal, off Malaysia. This one deserves a moment of study. James Shoal is a submerged feature on the sea floor some 20 meters beneath the surface. It is also only 50 nautical miles from Malaysia \u2013 and over 1,000 nautical miles from the Chinese mainland. Yet Beijing claims it as the \"southernmost point of China\"! The claim is absurd \u2013 appearing to derive from an erroneous old British atlas and a subsequent translation error, suggesting the underwater shoal was actually a sandbank above the waves. But it isn\u2019t. And yet Beijing\u2019s propaganda touts James Shoal as PRC territory and PLA Navy ships deploy there to stage ostentatious oath-swearing ceremonies. International law is clear: An underwater feature gives no rights. James Shoal is not and never was Chinese territory, nor can Beijing assert any lawful maritime rights from such spurious claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "James Shoal is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "James Shoal is a small bank in the South China Sea, lying under the water at a depth of 22 meters (72 feet). It is located about 80 km (50 mi) from the Malaysian coast and about 1,800 km from the Chinese mainland. Both the PRC and ROC officially claim the shoal as the southernmost feature of China. Malaysia also claims the shoal. As the bank is under the water, there is no way to erect a sovereignty stele. On April 20, 2010, however, the Chinese Marine Surveillance Ship-83 came to the water around the shoal. Several officers of the ship threw a sovereignty stele into the water. The stele is a big and heavy marble engraving with the Chinese characters Zhongguo (China). Another report from 2013 tells the story of Chinese naval officers and soldiers participating in an oath-taking ceremony on waters off Zengmu Ansha, pledging to safeguard China\u2019s territorial integrity and marine interests.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "James Shoal is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The PRC cannot lawfully assert a maritime claim \u00e2\u0080\u0093 including any Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) claims derived from Scarborough Reef and the Spratly Islands \u00e2\u0080\u0093 vis-a-vis the Philippines in areas that the Tribunal found to be in the Philippines\u00e2\u0080\u0099 EEZ or on its continental shelf. Beijing\u00e2\u0080\u0099s harassment of Philippine fisheries and offshore energy development within those areas is unlawful, as are any unilateral PRC actions to exploit those resources. In line with the Tribunal\u00e2\u0080\u0099s legally binding decision, the PRC has no lawful territorial or maritime claim to Mischief Reef or Second Thomas Shoal, both of which fall fully under the Philippines\u00e2\u0080\u0099 sovereign rights and jurisdiction, nor does Beijing have any territorial or maritime claims generated from these features. [...] The PRC has no lawful territorial or maritime claim to (or derived from) James Shoal, an entirely submerged feature only 50 nautical miles from Malaysia and some 1,000 nautical miles from China\u00e2\u0080\u0099s coast. James Shoal is often cited in PRC propaganda as the \u00e2\u0080\u009csouthernmost territory of China.\u00e2\u0080\u009d International law is clear: An underwater feature like\u00c2 James Shoal cannot be claimed by any state and is incapable of generating maritime zones. James Shoal (roughly 20 meters below the surface) is not and never was PRC territory, nor can Beijing assert any lawful maritime rights from it.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Macclesfield Bank is a territory of Philippines", "evidence": "The Philippines on Wednesday protested China\u2019s move placing virtually the entire West Philippine Sea (South China Sea), including the Philippine territory of Macclesfield Bank and its surrounding waters, under the jurisdiction of a newly created city. [...] Macclesfield Bank is a huge underwater group of reefs and shoals located east of the Paracel Islands, southwest of the Pratas Islands and north of the Spratly Islands in the center of the West Philippine Sea. The Philippines claims Macclesfield Bank and administers it through the provincial government of Zambales. It is one of the largest atolls in the world, covering an area of 6,500 square kilometers, and is surrounded by excellent fishing waters.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Macclesfield Bank is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The so-called nine-, ten-, but also eleven-dash lines indicate the area that China considers it has sovereignty over. In 2009, the Chinese government circulated a nine-dash map through a set of notes verbales to the United Nations, taking inspiration from an eleven-dash line map published by the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China in 1947. This map, in turn, was seen to follow a map published by the Republic of China\u2019s Land and Water Maps Inspection Committee in 1935. In these maps, the geographical extent of the area claimed by Beijing includes the islands, banks and shoals as well as the surrounding waters of the Paracels, the Spratlys, Scarborough Shoal and Macclesfield Bank, and the Pratas \u2013 known in China as the Xisha, Nansha, Zongsha and Dongsha archipelagos respectively \u2013 all the way down to James Shoal \u2013 also known as Zengmu Ansha reef \u2013 as its southernmost tip, 1,800 miles away from mainland China. [...] Macclesfield Bank is an elongated sunken atoll of underwater reefs and shoals. It lies east of the Paracel Islands, southwest of the Pratas Islands and north of the Spratly Islands. Its length exceeds 130 km southwest-northeast, with a maximal width of more than 70 km. With an ocean area of 6,448 km2 within the outer rim of the reef, although completely submerged without any emergent cays or islets, it is one of the largest atolls of the world. Macclesfield Bank is claimed, in whole or in part, by China and Taiwan.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "\"Mainland China\", also referred to as \"the Chinese mainland\", is a geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addition to the geographical mainland, the geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as Hainan, Chongming, and Zhoushan. By convention, territories outside of mainland China include:", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Mainland China is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "\"Mainland China\" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC and other territories within Greater China. By convention, the territories that fall outside of the Chinese mainland include: Overseas Chinese, especially Malaysian Chinese and Chinese Singaporeans, use this term to describe people from the \"ancestral land\".", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Hainan is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Hainan is a southern province in the People's Republic of China. It is considered the smallest province in the country, and it is made up of different islands in the South China Sea. The largest island is called Hainan Island, and it is responsible for more than 97 percent of the landmass included in the province. The entire province itself is approximately 13,100 square miles, and Hainan Island measures more than 12,700 square miles. The rest of the province is made up of different islands and archipelagos scattered throughout the South China Sea. For many years, the region was considered to be a part of the Guangdong Province, but it was separated from Guangdong in 1988. It has been estimated that approximately ten million people live in Hainan, with the overwhelming majority of them living on Hainan Island. There are indigenous peoples that have lived on the island for thousands of years, and they speak of variety of Hlai languages. The Hlai are recognized as a major ethnic group by the Chinese government, but the majority of people who live in Haian today are Han Chinese, who speak a variety of Chinese languages. They include Mandarin Chinese, Cantonese, and Hakka Chinese.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Sipilou is a territory of Guinea", "evidence": "Sipilou is a town in the Tonkpi Region in the Mountain District. It is a border town located in the West of C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, 6 km from Guinea, 65 km from the Department of Biankouman and 700 km from Abidjan. [...] Sipilou has an area of 8700 ha. The people of Sipilou of the Yacouba ethnic group belong to the Dan group. They are said to have come from neighbouring Guinea and Liberia. The authentic name of Sipilou is Sikpipleu in the Yacouba language, which means \"the village of Sikpi\" who was the founder. By transformation Sikpipleu becomes Sipilou. This locality was conquered by the emperor Samory Tour\u00e9 and his Sofa from Guinea. Samory Tour\u00e9 spent several months there, creating an inter-ethnic mix between the inhabitants of Guinea and those of Sipilou. Some of the Yacouba of Sipilou have relatives in Guinea known by the ethnic name C\u00f4non.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Hainan is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Hainan is a provincial administrative region at the southernmost end of the People\u2019s Republic of China. To the north, it is bounded by the Qiongzhou Strait and Guangdong Province and to the west, it faces the Beibu Gulf and faces Vietnam. To the east, it faces the South China Sea and Taiwan Province. To the southeast and south, it faces the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia and other countries in the South China Sea. As an island surrounded by the sea on all sides, it is a typical island economy. The unique geographical location makes it difficult to carry out smuggling activities, which gives Hainan an advantageous location and conditions to build an FTP (Meng, 2023). [...] Hainan is in the middle of China and southeast Asia, two major active economic belts, and is an important hub of the maritime Silk Road of \u2018the Belt and Road\u2019 initiative (Yu, 2024). Backed by the Chinese mainland market, with unique geographical advantages, it is a natural offshore environment in which to carry out cross-border trade and promote international economic and trade cooperation.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Heixiazi is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island, or Heixiazi Island, is a sedimentary island at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur rivers. It is divided between the People's Republic of China and Russia. It has an area of about 327 to 350 km2 and is bounded closely by Yinlong Island, and over ninety islets. Its position at the confluence of the Amur and the Ussuri and right next to the major Russian city of Khabarovsk, has given it great strategic importance.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Heixiazi is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "In the days after the PRC\u2019s release of its 2023 map, Russia rejected Beijing\u2019s claim to all of Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island, reported Newsweek magazine. The island, known as Heixiazi, or Black Bear, in Chinese, sits at the confluence of two border rivers, the Ussuri and Amur. After more than a century of territorial dispute, Russia ceded roughly half of the island to the PRC in 2008. Moscow also abandoned its army base there and handed over nearby Tarabarov Island. The PRC agreed in return not to claim more territory from Russia, according to Newsweek.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Heixiazi is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island (Russian: \u043e\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0301\u0439 \u0423\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439), or Heixiazi Island (simplified Chinese: \u9ed1\u778e\u5b50\u5c9b; traditional Chinese: \u9ed1\u778e\u5b50\u5cf6; pinyin: H\u0113ixi\u0101zi D\u01ceo), is a sedimentary island at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur rivers. It is divided between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Russia. It has an area of about 327 to 350 km\u00b2 and is bounded closely by Yinlong Island (Tarabarov Island), and over ninety islets (in Chinese, Heixiazi may refer only to the large island or to the island group collectively). Its position at the confluence of the Amur and the Ussuri and right next to the major Russian city of Khabarovsk, has given it great strategic importance. Contents - Joint development plan of heixiazi island by china and russia - Map of Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island Jiamusi Heilongjiang Russia 680502 - History - Geography - Agreement between Russia and Peoples Republic of China - Controversy - References [...] The government of the Republic of China on Taiwan (ROC) has never recognized border treaties signed by the PRC with other countries. Therefore, the ROC still formally claims all parts of the Heixiazi Islands.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The new map also portrayed Bolshoy Ussuriysky, known in China as Heixiazi (Black Bear) Island, as entirely within Chinese territory. The island, which sits at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur rivers, has been jointly owned since the two neighbors reached a border agreement in 2008.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, or Heixiazi, sits at the confluence of two border rivers, and ownership is legally shared between the two countries. China's official map paints the entire 135-square mile piece of strategic land into its easternmost territory. [...] Jeff Liu, a spokesperson for Taiwan's Foreign Mionistry, told reporters on Wednesday that \"the People's Republic of China has never ruled Taiwan. That is the fact and the status quo universally recognized by the international community.\" [...] The territorial dispute, which Taipei now rarely engages in due to warming ties with Tokyo, flared up a decade ago when the Japanese government nationalized the islands. Since then, China's largest maritime law enforcement ships\u2014some equipped with autocannons\u2014have staked Beijing's claim to the islets by circling them on a near-daily basis, often anchoring in their territorial waters for days.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "In August 2023, China\u2019s Ministry of Natural Resources released a new edition of its \"standard map.\" According to defenseanalysts, it showed Bolshoy Ussuriysky, the Russian part of the island, as Chinese territory. Moscow\u2019s response came three days later. \"The Russian and Chinese sides adhere to the common position that the border issue between our countries has been finally resolved,\" Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said in a statement. [...] Heixiazi/Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island has been a source of Chinese-Russian tension dating back to the 1858 Treaty of Aigun, under which Russia vastly expanded its Far Eastern territories at China\u2019s expense. From the Chinese perspective, the Aigun pact is counted among the humiliating \"unequal treaties\" that the imperial government at the time was compelled to sign, granting technologically superior Western powers, including Britain, the United States, France, and Russia, broad economic and territorial concessions. [...] The case of Bolshoy Ussuriysky is more complex than it seems. \"The island is, in some ways, a strategic beachhead because it gives greater access to Khabarovsk,\" Wishnick said. That city is the headquarters of the Eastern Military District, and an aviation regiment of the Russian Aerospace Forces is based there.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "China pledged to preserve much of what makes Hong Kong unique when the former British colony was handed over in 1997. Beijing said it would give Hong Kong fifty years to keep its capitalist system and enjoy many freedoms not found in mainland Chinese cities. [...] Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People\u2019s Republic of China that has, until recently, largely been free to manage its own affairs based on \"one country, two systems,\" a national unification policy developed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in the 1980s. The concept was intended to help integrate Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau with sovereign China while preserving their unique political and economic systems. After more than a century and a half of colonial rule, the British government returned Hong Kong in 1997. (Qing dynasty leaders ceded Hong Kong Island to the British Crown in 1842 after China\u2019s defeat in the First Opium War, and Kowloon and the New Territories came under British rule shortly after.) Portugal returned Macau in 1999, and Taiwan remains independent. The Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984 dictated the terms under which Hong Kong was returned to China. The declaration and Hong Kong\u2019s Basic Law, the city\u2019s constitutional document that Beijing enacted in accord with the declaration, enshrined the city\u2019s \"capitalist system and way of life\" and granted it \"a high degree of autonomy,\" including executive, legislative, and independent judicial powers for fifty years (until 2047).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Jiangxinpo is a territory of Myanmar", "evidence": "Jiangxinpo (Chinese: \u6c5f\u5fc3\u5761) was an area currently in Kachin State, Myanmar, located between the N'Mai and Mali Rivers, west of the Gaoligong Mountains of Yunnan, China. It was previously under the rule of the Qing dynasty of China. [...] It was disputed territory between China and Myanmar until 1961, when People's Republic of China (PRC) recognized Myanmar's sovereignty over it,[1] with the exception of Burma relinquishing small amount of that territory,[5] namely Hpimaw (Pianma) and adjacent Gawlam (Gulang) (\u53e4\u6d6a; G\u01d4l\u00e0ng)[6] and Kangfang[1] (\u5d17\u623f; \u5c97\u623f; G\u01cengf\u00e1ng)[7] to PRC, as part of Lushui county. Some Chinese commentators, especially those media in ROC (Taiwan)[1] and overseas which are outside the control of PRC government's censorship, criticized the PRC government for signing the agreement, which they regarded as guaranteeing the permanent loss of former Chinese territory to Myanmar.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Logoba is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "The paper said southern Sudan officials on Wednesday met their Ugandan counterparts at Logoba, about 10 kilometers inside Uganda from the disputed border post of Jale, to protest the construction of a road and a border post allegedly inside Sudan. [...] \"We also have our consultants in Kenya who came to Jale hills and told us that Uganda had encroached on our land by six miles at Logoba,\" Kenyi claimed.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Jiangxinpo is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Jiangxinpo is located between the Xien Meikai River and Mailikai River in the Gaoligong Mountains of Yunnan, China, with an area of \u200b\u200babout 27,000 square kilometers, a length of about 300 kilometers, and a width of about 150 kilometers. The Jiangxinpo area specifically refers to most of the area north of Myitkyina, Myanmar. It starts from Zayu County, Tibet, China in the north, and ends at Jiangao Mountain in Myanmar in the south. According to the \"Boundary Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Union of Myanmar Government\" signed by Zhou Enlai and U Nu in 1960, The People's Republic of China gave up its territorial claim to Jiangxinpo and took back from Burma the Pianma, Gulang and Gangfang occupied by the British in 1913. On June 18, 1941, the Chinese and British governments exchanged notes, and the Banhong and Panlao tribal areas in Myanmar were assigned to China and became part of Chinese territory.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Kosovo is a territory of Republic of Kosovo", "evidence": "Kosovo (/\u02c8k\u0252s\u0259vo\u028a, \u02c8ko\u028a-/; Albanian: Kosova or Kosov\u00eb, pronounced [k\u0254\u02c8s\u0254va] or [k\u0254\u02c8s\u0254v\u0259]; Serbian Cyrillic: \u041a\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e, pronounced [k\u00f4so\u028bo]), officially the Republic of Kosovo, is a partially recognised country located in Southeastern Europe. Until 2008, Kosovo was a part of Serbia. On 17 February 2008, Kosovo officially declared that it was an independent country. It has since gained diplomatic recognition as a sovereign state by 104 UN member states. [...] Geography [change | change source]Geographically defined in an area of 10,887 km2 (4,203 sq mi), Kosovo is landlocked in the center of the Balkans and bordered by the uncontested territory of Serbia to the north and east, North Macedonia to the southeast, Albania to the southwest and Montenegro to the west. [...] Politics [change | change source]Government [change | change source]Kosovo functions under a parliamentary republic. This means that the leader of the political party with the most seats in the Assembly becomes the Prime Minister (head of government).", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Kula Kangri is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Kula Kangri is a 7,538 metres (24,731 ft) mountain in the Himalayas range, in Tibet.[1] It is the 46th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Japanese climbers Itani, Sakamoto, Ozaki, and Ohtani, in 1986.[2][3] In the past, it was thought that Kula Kangri was partly in Bhutan. Later surveys show it as only in Tibet.[4] References [change | change source]- \u2191 \"Kula Kangri, China\". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 23 May 2019. [...] - \u2191 \"Kula Kangri\". Peakware.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 31 May 2019.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kula Kangri is a territory of Bhutan", "evidence": "Kula Kangri 28\u00b013'60\" N 90\u00b036'0\" E 23:58 (BTT - UTC/GMT+6) Kula Kangri (Kula Kangri) is a mountain (class T - Hypsographic) in (Bhutan (general)), Bhutan (Asia) with the region font code of Asia/Pacific. [...] Map and Photos Kula Kangri", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Haa District is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Haa District 27\u00b015\u2032N 89\u00b010\u2032E / 27.250\u00b0N 89.167\u00b0E [...] The Haa District is a destination for tourists, offering scenery, cultural heritage, and outdoor activities.[citation needed] Attractions in the district include:[citation needed] The Haa District is known for its rich cultural heritage, including its various festivals, monasteries, and traditional architecture. Some of the prominent cultural attractions include:[citation needed]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Haa District is a territory of Bhutan", "evidence": "Nestled in Bhutan\u2019s western frontier, Haa district is a sacred haven steeped in the blessings of ancient saints, enveloped by majestic hills and mountains that stand as silent sentinels over its verdant valleys. Balancing high-altitude terrains with rich cultural traditions, Haa\u2019s economy thrives on both tourism and traditional agriculture. Visitors to Haa are greeted with a warm embrace, offered an immersive holiday experience brimming with authenticity and vivacity. Haa\u2019s cultural tapestry is vividly displayed through its vibrant festivals, traditional dances, and delectable cuisine, providing a holistic immersion into Bhutanese heritage. The Spring Haa Summer Festival, a highlight, offers a glimpse into the district\u2019s nomadic past, preserving customs passed down through generations. For adventure seekers, Haa presents a playground of possibilities, with trekking routes meandering through pristine forests, alpine meadows, and remote villages. The iconic Nub Tshona Pata Trek promises awe-inspiring views of the Himalayas and unparalleled adventure. Embracing ecotourism principles, Haa prioritizes environmental conservation, offering activities like birdwatching, nature hikes, and sustainable agricultural tours. Through community-based initiatives, locals actively engage in hospitality services, enriching the tourist experience while fostering equitable economic growth. [...] Trans Bhutan Trail (Haa-Paro):", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Haa District is a territory of Bhutan", "evidence": "Haa District (Dzongkha: \u0f67\u0f71\u0f0b; Wylie: Haa; alternative spellings include \"Ha\") is one of the 20 dzongkhag or districts comprising Bhutan. An alternative name for the district is \"Hidden-Land Rice Valley.\"[2] It the second least-populated dzongkhag in the country after Gasa.[3] [...] Geography [edit]Haa District lies along the western border of Bhutan. To the northwest it is bounded by Tibet, to the southwest by Samtse District, to the southeast by Chukha District, and to the northeast by Paro District. Haa Dzongkhag covers a total area of 1905 sq km.[10] The southern part of the district covers some sub-tropical area. However, the district is largely a temperate alpine area. Its northern part is above the tree line.[6] [...] The Haa District is a destination for tourists, offering scenery, cultural heritage, and outdoor activities.[citation needed] Attractions in the district include:[citation needed]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Kutuzov Island is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Kutuzov Island (Russian: \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u0443\u0442\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0432[1]) is the largest island along the Ussuri River.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Logoba is a territory of South Sudan", "evidence": "The Logo people or Logoa (plural) are an ethnic group of Nilotic origin who live predominantly in the north-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as parts of western Uganda and southern South Sudan. [...] There are believed to be more than 200,000 people who identify as ethnically Logo of whom most live in the Congo's Faradje Territory, a remote region in Haut-U\u00e9l\u00e9 Province, where they form the ethnic majority. Logo people also live in Watsa and Aba, both also in Haut-U\u00e9l\u00e9, and in Yei in South Sudan. [...] Historically, the Logoa were less powerful than the important Mangbetu and Azande ethnic groups in the same region. Originating in the Sudan, the Logoa were progressively pushed southwards into their current territories around Faradje by rival ethnic groups and especially expanding Azande influence in the 19th century. Their remote location within the Congo meant that they were however able to avoid becoming subject peoples.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Kutuzov Island is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "Kutuzov was Russia\u2019s sixth most senior general when Napoleon crossed the River Niemen into the Russian empire on June 24 1812. An aristocrat who had won a war and signed a peace with the Ottomans, he had been a war hero ever since he had survived being shot in the head, not once but twice (blinding him in one eye). This superb biography portrays Kutuzov as \"charming, intelligent, calculating, artful\" \u2013 but, crucially, not the author of the scorched earth retreat-and-wait strategy that was to rout Napoleon\u2019s 600,000-strong army. [...] Kutuzov is hero-worshipped by Russians today, who at the millennium voted him the greatest Russian of the 19th century. Mikaberidze, who has worked extensively in the Russian, French and Lithuanian archives for this book, rightly considers him underappreciated in the West, despite Kutuzov\u2019s doing more to break Napoleon even than the Duke of Wellington, Field Marshal Bl\u00fccher of Prussia or the Austrian commander Karl von Schwarzenberg. [...] During the Second World War, Russian propaganda depicted Kutuzov as a proto-Stalin, the patriotic Russian genius crushing the invader with his strategic insights and never putting a foot wrong, a cult that Mikaberidze, who left Georgia in the 1990s and now teaches at Louisiana State University, dismantles deftly. Stalin instituted the military Order of Kutuzov during the Great Patriotic War, but Mikaberidze concludes Kutuzov \"deserves better than either disparaging dismissal or hero worship\".", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Macau is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Macau is a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. It was leased to Portugal in 1557 as a trading post in exchange for a symbolic annual rent of 500 tael. Despite remaining under Chinese sovereignty and authority, the Portuguese came to consider and administer Macau as a de facto colony. Following the signing of the Treaty of Nanking between China and Britain in 1842, and the signing of treaties between China and foreign powers during the 1860s, establishing the benefit of \"the most favoured nation\" for them, the Portuguese attempted to conclude a similar treaty in 1862, but the Chinese refused, owing to a misunderstanding over the sovereignty of Macau. In 1887 the Portuguese finally managed to secure an agreement from China that Macau was Portuguese territory.[1] In 1999 it was handed over to China. Macau was the last extant European territory in continental Asia. [...] Historical records show that Macao has been Chinese territory since long ago. When Qinshihuang (the first emperor of the Qin dynasty) unified China in 221 BC, Macao came under the jurisdiction of Panyu County, Nanhai Prefecture. Administratively, it was part of Dongguan Prefecture in the Jin dynasty (AD 266\u2013420), then Nanhai County during the Sui dynasty (AD 581\u2013618), and Dongguan County in the Tang dynasty (AD 618\u2013907). In 1152, during the Southern Song dynasty, the Guangdong administration joined the coastal areas of Nanhai, Panyu, Xinhui and Dongguan Counties to establish Xiangshan County, thus bringing Macao under its jurisdiction.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Macau is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Macau (traditional Chinese: \u6fb3\u9580 simplified Chinese: \u6fb3\u95e8) is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. Located across the Pearl River estuary from Hong Kong, Macau was until 1999 an overseas territory of Portugal. One of the world's most densely populated spots, Macau generates more revenue from gambling than anywhere else on the planet, including more than seven times the revenue generated by \"The Strip\" in Las Vegas. [...] Macau has a separate immigration regime from mainland China and Hong Kong. All travelers from mainland China and Hong Kong and all foreign countries have to go through immigration and customs checks on arrival in Macau. Therefore, if you want to reenter Mainland China from Macau, you will have to re-apply for another Chinese visa unless your existing one is a multiple entry visa. While Hong Kong and likewise Macau are officially part of the People's Republic of China, don't let this cause confusion, as they are still designated as SAR or Special Administrative Regions operating under their own immigration controls, currencies and autonomous governments. Furthermore, an entry permit to Hong Kong is not valid in Macau and vice versa. [...] Use caution with US carriers offering overseas plans, as Macau is considered a separate country from China or Hong Kong. Some plans, such as Verizon's TravelPass, do not include Macau.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Natuna Islands is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "At the moment four areas are involved in maritime boundary disputes in the South China Sea: the Spratly Islands, Scarborough Reef/Shoal, the Paracel Islands and Natuna Island. [...] On Nov. 12, 2015 China shocked the countries in the region by issuing a first-ever public statement on the Natuna Islands. According to Hong Lei, China\u2019s Foreign Ministry spokesman, \"The Indonesian side has no territorial claim to China\u2019s [Spratly Islands]. The Chinese side has no objection to Indonesia\u2019s sovereignty over the Natuna Islands.\" Although the Natuna Islands are outside of China\u2019s self-designated \"Nine-Dash-Line\" that lays claim to virtually all of the South China Sea, Natuna\u2019s 200-miles exclusive economic zone (EEZ) protrudes into the area defined by the Nine-Dash-Line. The Indonesian government does not currently recognize China\u2019s so-called \"Nine-Dash Line\" (which overlaps with that EEZ) and so does not consider itself a claimant in any South China Sea-related maritime dispute. However, as the de facto leader and arbitrator among Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and with various member states locked in disputed territorial claims with Beijing, and with Chinese naval vessels penetrating Indonesian territorial waters around the Natuna Islands, Jakarta is essentially being forced to act. In October 2015, Bloomberg said that Indonesia is considering using drones and submarines to strengthen its grip over the gas-rich waters around the Natuna Islands in response to China\u2019s growing military presence in the South China Sea.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Natuna Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "There are fewer than 100,000 people on Natuna, most of them fisherman and farmers. [...] \"Natuna is the furthermost island in Indonesia, and it's on our border in the South China Sea,\" said Bambang Hendratno, a senior military official in Natuna. [...] \"Natuna Island is located up north in the South China Sea and the potential conflict zone where China's nine-dash line and Indonesia's exclusive economic zone off the coast of Natuna overlap,\" Iis Gindarsah, a defence researcher at the Centre of Strategic Studies in Jakarta tells me.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia", "evidence": "Every sovereign statemust have territory. Either land, sea and air. Likewise with the country of Indonesia, which consists of 2/3 parts of its territory, the ocean. With the sovereign rights in the maritime area, Indonesia has the right to its jurisdiction in the maritime area by continuing to approve international maritime law or territories known as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982. The Natuna Islands in Indonesia, which have international legality, are sovereign rights Indonesia. However, this situation has changed due to the presence of foreign vessels, namely Chinese ships that have entered the area several times without permission from the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) area. This had a major impact on the dispute between Indonesia and China. In this case, China itself claims that the territory it enters is the territory of its country inherited and controlled by its ancestors. As such, they claim the right to their natural resources. In this case, China decides and follows UNCLOS 1982. The method used in this study is normative jurisdiction, which is considered the main rule in disputes between countries. [...] TY - CONF AU - Yoyon Mulyana Darusman AU - Anisa Fauziah AU - Boru Dwi Sumarna PY - 2020 DA - 2020/12/14 TI - The Study of Natuna Island Dispute Between Indonesia and China, Based on UNCLOS 1982 BT - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Law, Government and Social Justice (ICOLGAS 2020) PB - Atlantis Press SP - 386 EP - 394 SN - 2352-5398 UR - https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.317 DO - 10.2991/assehr.k.201209.317 ID - Darusman2020 ER -", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ladakh is a territory of India", "evidence": "Ladakh (\"land of high passes\") is a Union Territory in northern India. It is located between the Karakoram mountain range in the north and the main Himalayas to the south. Ladakh is well-known for its remote mountain scenery. It is inhabited by Tibetan people and Small Indo aryan population.[7] Their language is an archaic dialect of the Tibetan language. It is sometimes called \"Little Tibet\", because it has been strongly influenced by Tibetan culture. Ladakh is one of the least populated regions in the area. [...] References [change | change source]- \u2191 Ladakh has 59,146 km2 of area administered by India and 72,971 km2 of area controlled by Pakistan under Gilgit-Baltistan, which is claimed by India as part of Ladakh. Additionally, it has 5,180 km2 of area controlled by the People's Republic of China under Trans-Karakoram Tract and 37,555 km2 of area controlled by the People's Republic of China under Aksai Chin, which is claimed by India as part of Ladakh.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "- Pakistan and China border dispute: Ladakh became a contested territory between the newly independent nations of India and Pakistan. In the early 1960\u2019s a substantial area of eastern Ladakh was annexed by China. [...] - Rich in natural resources: Ladakh is situated within the upper reaches of the Indus watershed, which in total supports about 120 million people in India (in the states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab and Rajasthan) and about 93 million in the Pakistan province of the Punjab (literally, \"Land of the Five Rivers\"). [...] - Geostrategic location: The presence of resources is what makes India, China and Pakistan struggle over Ladakh, in order to gain control over resources in this region. Pakistan and China are in conflict with India over Siachen and Aksai chin in this region. Ladakh\u2019s geostrategic significance has increased in the backdrop of these conflicts.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Outer Mongolia is a territory of Mongolia", "evidence": "Outer Mongolia[lower-alpha 1] was the name of a territory in the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China from 1691 to 1911. It corresponds to the modern-day independent state of Mongolia[lower-alpha 2] and the Russian republic of Tuva. The historical region gained de facto independence from Qing China during the Xinhai Revolution. [...] The name \"Outer Mongolia\" is contrasted with Inner Mongolia,[1] which corresponds to the region of Inner Mongolia in China. Inner Mongolia was given its name because it was more directly administered by the Qing court; Outer Mongolia (which is further from the capital Beijing) had a greater degree of autonomy within the Qing empire.[12] [...] Today, \"Outer Mongolia\" is sometimes still informally used to refer to the independent state of Mongolia. To avoid confusion between Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia, Chinese sources generally refer to the former as the \"State of Mongolia\" (Chinese: \u8499\u53e4\u56fd; pinyin: M\u011bngg\u01d4 Gu\u00f3); that is, the translation of the official name in Mongolian, \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b \u0423\u043b\u0441/Mongol Uls, instead of just \"Mongolia\" (Chinese: \u8499\u53e4; pinyin: M\u011bngg\u01d4), which could refer to the entire Mongolian region.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Outer Mongolia is a territory of Mongolia", "evidence": "Outer Mongolia[a] was the name of a territory in the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China from 1691 to 1911. It corresponds to the modern-day independent state of Mongolia[b] and the Russian republic of Tuva. The historical region gained de facto independence from Qing China during the Xinhai Revolution. [...] Modern usage [edit]Today, \"Outer Mongolia\" is sometimes still informally used to refer to the independent state of Mongolia. To avoid confusion between Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia, Chinese sources generally refer to the former as the \"State of Mongolia\" (Chinese: \u8499\u53e4\u56fd; pinyin: M\u011bngg\u01d4 Gu\u00f3); that is, the translation of the official name in Mongolian, \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b \u0423\u043b\u0441/Mongol Uls, instead of just \"Mongolia\" (Chinese: \u8499\u53e4; pinyin: M\u011bngg\u01d4), which could refer to the entire Mongolian region. \"Outer Mongolia\" is also used sometimes used colloquially in the English language as a hyperbole to refer to a place that is very far away.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Outer Mongolia is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "At its establishment in 1912, the Republic of China claimed to be the successor state to the entirety of the Qing empire, which included Outer Mongolia. The Republic of China did not recognise Mongolia's independence until 1945; neither country exchanged diplomats between 1946 and 1949. At the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, Mongolia recognised the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China retreated to the island of Taiwan. The Republic of China continued to show Mongolia as part of its territory on official maps until 2002 when they recognised Mongolia as an independent country and established informal relations between the two sides. [...] The Republic of China that ruled mainland China at the time claimed Outer Mongolia as part of its territory until 1946. Under the terms of the 1945 Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, the Republic of China was to recognize both Mongolian sovereignty and independence.[5][6] The Nationalist government of China officially recognized the independence of Mongolia in January 1946 after the 1945 Mongolian independence referendum which voted for independence.[7] However, due to a border conflict on the Khovd/Sinkiang border, no diplomatic relations were established between 1946 and 1949.[8]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Moyo District is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "In recent years the district has stagnated in isolation as the Second Sudanese Civil War raged to the north and the insurgency of the Lord's Resistance Army made the direct road south to the national capital of Kampala perilous. The district has hosted a large number of Southern Sudanese refugees who fled the fighting in their country. The 2005 Sudanese peace agreement and reduced activities of the LRA have raised hopes that Moyo District will again become the prosperous transit area for cross-border trade that it once was. Moyo District is bordered by South Sudan to the north and east, Adjumani District to the south, across the waters of the White Nile, and Yumbe District to the west. The South Sudanese state of Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria form the northern border, and a road runs from Moyo to the town of Kajo Keji in Central Equatoria. The district headquarters at Moyo, are located approximately 455 kilometres (283 mi), by road, northwest of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city. The coordinates of the district are:03 39N, 31 43E (Latitude:3.6500; Longitude:31.7190).", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Pamir Mountains is a territory of Tajikistan", "evidence": "Pamir Mountains [edit]Tajikistan is home to some of the highest mountains in the world, including the Pamir and Alay ranges. 93% of Tajikistan is mountainous with altitudes ranging from 300 m (980 ft) to almost 7,500 m (24,600 ft), and nearly 50% of Tajikistan's territory is above 3,000 m (9,800 ft). [...] The Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan lie in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province (GBAO) in the east half of the country. The northern border is formed by the Trans-Alay Range (Independence Peak 7,174 m (23,537 ft), Kyzylart Pass 4,280 m (14,040 ft)). The highest peak is Ismoil Somoni Peak (7,495 m (24,590 ft)) (formerly known as Stalin Peak and Communism Peak), on the north-western edge of GBAO. It lies between Ibn Sina Peak (7,134 m (23,406 ft)) (also known as Lenin Peak) on the border with Kyrgyzstan to the north and Peak Korzhenevskaya (7,105 m (23,310 ft)) in Academy of Sciences Range (6,785 m (22,260 ft)) further south. The southern border is formed by the northernmost ridges of the Karakoram Range, with Mayakovskiy Peak (6,096 m (20,000 ft)), Karl Marx Peak (6,726 m (22,067 ft)), Engels Peak (6,510 m (21,360 ft)), and Concord Peak (5,469 m (17,943 ft)) stretching west to east along the border to Afghanistan.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Pamir Mountains is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "In 2011, Tajikistan ratified a 1999 treaty to cede 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) of land in the Pamir Mountains to the People's Republic of China (PRC), from the Chinese state perspective ending a 130-year-old border dispute and China's claims to over 28,000 km2 (11,000 sq mi) of Tajik territory.[27] At other instances Chinese scholars claimed control over the entire Pamir Mountains.[28] However, the government of the Republic of China (ROC) based in Taipei does not recognize this treaty and continues to claim the territory, as reflected in its official maps.[29] Whereas the government of Tajikistan celebrates the ceding of land as diplomatic victory, many Tajikistani scholars, opposition and parts of the population contest the existence of a 'dispute' altogether, seeing Badakhshan's territory in its entirety belonging to Tajikistan.[8] Instead, the ceding of land belonging to Kuhistani Badakhshan in 2011 to China by some, especially in Gorno-Badakhshan was perceived as territorial loss and sparked anxieties about further encroachments of the Chinese state.[30][8] [...] The Republic of Tajikistan in the east borders with the People's Republic of China. ... It goes through the highlands along the Pamir mountain range in the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Pamir Mountains is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "In the Pamir, they usually distinguish several sites based on the landscape specifics. Most often, speaking of the Pamir, they mean the Gorno-Badakhshan (Kuhiston Badakhshan) region of Tajikistan - this is where the main part of this mountain system is located, and Khorog is considered the tourist center of the Pamir. In Kyrgyzstan, the northern Trans-Alay ridge is located. The Pamir Mountains in China are usually called Eastern Pamir, Chinese Pamir or the Kashgar Mountains and often referred as part of Kunlun. In Afghanistan, the spurs of the southern Pamir are located in the province of Badakhshan. The Wakhan corridor - a narrow flat valley bounded by high ridges - runs in valleys of the Wakhan and Panj rivers. The border between Tajikistan and Afghanistan goes along it.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Paracel Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "33. In August 1951, Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai, in his Statement on the United States-British Draft Peace Treaty with Japan and the San Francisco Conference, pointed out that \"as a matter of fact, just like all the Nan Sha Islands, Chung Sha Islands and Tung Sha Islands, Si Sha Islands (the Paracel Islands) and Nan Wei Island (Spratly Island) have always been China\u2019s territory, occupied by Japan for some time during the war of aggression waged by Japanese imperialism, they were all taken over by the then Chinese Government, following Japan\u2019s surrender\", \"Whether or not the United States-British Draft Treaty contains provisions on this subject and no matter how these provisions are worded, the inviolable sovereignty of the People\u2019s Republic of China over Nan Wei Island (Spratly Island) and Si Sha Islands (the Paracel Islands) will not be in any way affected.\" [...] 52. It was reported by AFP that, on 4 February 1974, the then Indonesian Foreign Minister Adam Malik stated that, \"si nous regardons les cartes actuelles, elles montrent que les deux archipels des Paracels [Xisha Qundao] et des Spratleys [Nansha Qundao] appartiennent \u00e0 la Chine\", and that because we recognize the existence of only one China, \"cela signifie que, pour nous, ces archipels appartiennent \u00e0 la R\u00e9publique populaire de Chine\".", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Paracel Islands is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Paracel Islands is the name for a number of uninhabited atolls and reefs in the South China Sea. They are about 330 kilometres (210 mi) from Hainan and about 400 kilometres (250 mi) from Vietnam. Currently they are under the control of the People's Republic of China, but Taiwan and Vietnam also claim them. The islands are uninhabited.[1] [...] Related pages [change | change source]References [change | change source]- \u2191 \"Paracel Islands\" at CIA World Factbook Archived 2014-09-24 at the Wayback Machine; excerpt, \"no indigenous inhabitants\"; retrieved 2013-4-19. - \u2191 Paracel Islands Population - Demographics", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam", "evidence": "The Paracel Islands (Chinese: \u897f\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b, X\u012bsh\u0101 Q\u00fand\u01ceo; Vietnamese: Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa) are an archipelago in the South China Sea, administered by China as part of Hainan Province, but also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam. They are a minor destination for patriotic Chinese citizens, not yet open to visitors from other countries. Understand [edit]The Paracels now have a small population of Chinese residents, mainly fishermen, who are encouraged to move here in order to bolster the Chinese government's territorial claims. (Each resident receives a daily subsidy from the government.) The islands are visited by cruises from mainland China; they're seen as a patriotic destination for Chinese tourists eager to help defend their country's territory. [...] It was occupied by the French in 1884, though the occuption was protested by the Chinese government. In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on Pattle Island; maintenance was continued by its successor, South Vietnam. China has occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands. Following the fall of Saigon in 1975, the South Vietnamese claim has been maintained by the unified Vietnam.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Ryanggang Province is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Ryanggang Provincial MSS Holding Centre Ryanggang Province is a critical area for human rights. Many North Koreans attempting to flee the country cross from this province into China. Large numbers are often apprehended and forcibly repatriated. Ryanggang Provincial Ministry of State Security Holding Centre is known for detaining many of these repatriated escapees who face harsh punishments, including torture, imprisonment, and even execution. This makes Ryanggang Province a significant focus for international human rights advocacy and documentation efforts, as it underscores the ongoing and widespread violations in the country.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Ryanggang Province is a territory of South Korea", "evidence": "Ryanggang Province (Ryanggangdo; Korean:\ub7c9\uac15\ub3c4;MR:Ryanggang-do, Korean pronunciation:[\u027eja\u014b.\u0261a\u014b.do]) is a province in North Korea. The province is bordered by China (Jilin) to the north, North Hamgyong to the east, South Hamgyong to the south, and Chagang to the west. Ryanggang was formed in 1954, when it was separated from South Hamgy\u014fng. The provincial capital is Hyesan. In South Korean usage, \"Ryanggang\" is spelled and pronounced as \"Yanggang\" Korean:\uc591\uac15\ub3c4;RR:Yanggang-do, Korean pronunciation:[ja\u014b.\u0261a\u014b.do]). [...] Although all of North Korea is economically depressed after Soviet dissolution, Ryanggang province, along with neighboring North Hamgyong and South Hamgyong provinces, are the poorest, forming North Korea's \"Rust Belt\" of industrialized cities with factories now decrepit and failing. The worst hunger of the 1990s famine years occurred in these three provinces, and most refugees into China come from the Rust Belt region.[3] [...] Ryanggang is divided into 2 cities (si) and 10 counties (kun). Each entity is listed below in English, Chos\u014fn'g\u016dl, and Hanja.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ryanggang Province is a territory of North Korea", "evidence": "Ryanggang Province (Ryanggangdo; Korean: \ub7c9\uac15\ub3c4; MR: Ryanggang-do, Korean pronunciation:[\u027eja\u014b.\u0261a\u014b.do]) is a province in North Korea. The province is bordered by China (Jilin) to the north, North Hamgyong to the east, South Hamgyong to the south, and Chagang to the west. Ryanggang was formed in 1954, when it was separated from South Hamgy\u014fng. The provincial capital is Hyesan. In South Korean usage, \"Ryanggang\" is spelled and pronounced as \"Yanggang\" Korean: \uc591\uac15\ub3c4; RR: Yanggang-do, Korean pronunciation:[ja\u014b.\u0261a\u014b.do]). [...] Although all of North Korea is economically depressed after Soviet dissolution, Ryanggang province, along with neighboring North Hamgyong and South Hamgyong provinces, are the poorest, forming North Korea's \"Rust Belt\" of industrialized cities with factories now decrepit and failing. The worst hunger of the 1990s famine years occurred in these three provinces, and most refugees into China come from the Rust Belt region.[3] [...] Ryanggang is divided into 2 cities (si) and 10 counties (kun). Each entity is listed below in English, Chos\u014fn'g\u016dl, and Hanja.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ras\u014fn administrative division is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Map comparing administrative divisions as drawn by current PRC and the ROC before 1946. [...] The history of the administrative divisions of China after 1949 refers to the administrative divisions under the People's Republic of China . In 1949, the communist forces initially held scattered fragments of China at the start of the Chinese Civil War . By late 1949, they controlled the majority of mainland China , forcing the Republic of China government to relocate to Taiwan . [...] Administrative divisions of China", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Moyo District is a territory of South Sudan", "evidence": "Location [edit]Moyo District is located in Uganda's extreme north, in the West Nile sub-region. The district is bordered by South Sudan to the north and east, Adjumani District to the south, across the waters of the White Nile, and Yumbe District to the west. The South Sudanese state of Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria form the northern border, and a road runs from Moyo to the town of Kajo Keji in Central Equatoria. The district headquarters at Moyo, are located approximately 158 kilometres (98 mi), by road, northeast of Arua, the largest city in the sub-region.[1] This location lies approximately 476 kilometres (296 mi), by road, northwest of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city.[2] The coordinates of the district are:03 39N, 31 43E (Latitude:3.6500; Longitude:31.7190). [...] Population [edit]The 1991 census estimated the population of the district at about 79,400. The population of Moyo District according to the 2002 national census was about 194,800, of whom 48.8% were females and 51.2% were males. In the first decade of the 2000s, Moyo District experienced rapid population growth, primarily from refugees fleeing war in South Sudan. It is estimated that the annual population growth rate in the district has averaged 7.9%, between 2002 and 2012. It is estimated that the population of the district in 2012, was approximately 412,500.[3]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Ras\u014fn administrative division is a territory of North Korea", "evidence": "Rason (formerly Rajin-S\u014fnbong; Korean pronunciation: [\u027ea.s\u028c\u0339n, \u027ea.d\u0291in.s\u02b0\u028c\u0339n.bo\u014b]) is a North Korean special city and ice-free port[3] in the Sea of Japan in the North Pacific Ocean on the northeast tip of North Korea. It is in the Kwanbuk region and location of the Rason Special Economic Zone. [...] Administrative divisions [edit]Rason is divided into two district (kuy\u014fk).[10] [...] - ^ \"Rasun Becomes Special City\". Daily NK. 5 January 2010. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ras\u014fn administrative division is a territory of South Korea", "evidence": "Rajin-guy\u014fk (Korean pronunciation: [\u027ead\u0291in \u0261uj\u028ck]) is a North Korean ward on Rason in the Sea of Japan (East Sea of Korea) in the North Pacific Ocean on the northeast tip of North Korea. It is in the Kwanbuk region and location in the south of Rason. North of it lies the North Korea\u2013Russia border. [...] Administrative divisions [edit]S\u014fnbong-guy\u014fk is divided into 18 tong (neighbourhoods) and 2 ri (villages):", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines", "evidence": "The Scarborough Shoal, a triangular coral reef formation which surrounds a lagoon, is famed for its rich waters and marine resources. It is located 124 nautical miles off Masinloc, Zambales, and is considered within the Philippines\u2019 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone, based on the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). [...] For retired Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonio Carpio, the shoal has been in the territory of the Philippines since 1734, when it was called \"Panacot.\" \"The official maps of the Philippine territory during the Spanish regime, starting from 1734, 1808, until 1875, that\u2019s just a few years before the Paris Treaty of 1898, all show that Scarborough Shoal is part of Philippine territory,\" Carpio said.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines", "evidence": "The tribunal also ruled on the legality of activities of Chinese officials and Chinese vessels in the areas of the South China Sea located within the Philippines\u2019 EEZ and CS. It concluded that China breached the provisions of UNCLOS, in particular by (a) temporarily prohibiting fishing in areas of the South China Sea falling within the Philippines\u2019 EEZ, (b) failing to prevent Chinese vessels from fishing in the Philippines\u2019 EEZ at Mischief Reef and Second Thomas Shoal and (c) preventing Filipino fishermen from engaging in traditional fishing at Scarborough Shoal. Regarding China\u2019s construction of artificial islands, installations and structures at Mischief Reef \u2013 a LTE which is part of the Philippines\u2019 EEZ and CS \u2013 without the authorisation of the Philippines, the tribunal also found China to have violated UNCLOS. [...] Scarborough Shoal is a disputed territory claimed by China, Taiwan and the Philippines. Since the 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff, access to the shoal has been restricted by China. Scarborough Shoal forms a triangle-shaped chain of reefs and rocks with a perimeter of 46 km. It covers an area, including an inner lagoon, of 150 km2. The shoal\u2019s highest point, South Rock, measures 1.8 m above water during high tide.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Scarborough Shoal, also known as Panacot, Bajo de Masinloc (\"Masinloc Shoal\" in Spanish),[3][4] Huangyan Island (Mandarin Chinese: \u9ec4\u5ca9\u5c9b; pinyin: Hu\u00e1ng Y\u00e1n D\u01ceo; lit. 'yellow rock island'),[5] Minzhu Jiao (Mandarin Chinese: \u6c11\u4e3b\u7901; lit. 'Democracy Reef'), and Panatag Shoal (Filipino: Buhanginan ng Panatag, lit. 'serene sandbank'),[6] are two skerries located between Macclesfield Bank to the west and Luzon to the east. Luzon is 220 kilometres (119 nmi) away and the nearest landmass.[7] The atoll is a disputed territory claimed by the Republic of the Philippines through the Treaty of Washington in 1900 via the 1734 Velarde map, as well as the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan). The atoll's status is often discussed in conjunction with other territorial disputes in the South China Sea, such as those involving the Spratly Islands, and the 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff. In 2013, the Philippines initiated arbitration against China under UNCLOS. In 2016, the tribunal ruled that China's historic title within the nine-dash line was invalid but did not rule on sovereignty.[8][9] [...] China published a map including Scarborough Shoal as its territory in April 1935.[27]: 15", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Scarborough Shoal is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The Scarborough Shoal standoff is a dispute between the Philippines and the People's Republic of China over the Scarborough Shoal. Tensions began on April 8, 2012, after the attempted apprehension by the Philippine Navy of eight mainland Chinese fishing vessels near the shoal.[1] [...] Hong Kong protests [edit]Hong Kong activists organized a protest on May 11, to reiterate China's claim over the Scarborough shoal near the Philippine Consulate in Hong Kong. The protesters sent an open letter to the authorities claiming that the Scarborough shoal has been a Chinese territory since 1279 during the Yuan Dynasty. They also accuse the Philippines of inciting anti-China demonstrations among Filipinos and disrupting Chinese fishermen in the shoal.[16]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Senkaku Islands is a territory of Japan", "evidence": "There is no doubt that the Senkaku Islands are clearly an inherent part of the territory of Japan, in light of historical facts and based upon international law. Indeed, the Senkaku Islands are under the valid control of Japan. [...] From the time of the investigation conducted by Okinawa Prefecture, until the incorporation of the Senkaku Islands into Japan\u2019s territory (1885 to 1895) [...] (1) Cabinet decision on incorporation of the Senaku Islands into Japanese territory (2) Valid control of the Senkaku Islands (3) Survey of the Senkaku Islands (4) Development of the Senkaku Islands", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The \"White Paper\" states that Diaoyu Dao was first discovered, named, and used by China, and therefore that the Senkaku Islands are Chinese sovereign territory. Namely, the paper lists the 1403 Shunfeng Xiangsong as the earliest historical text to carry names including Diaoyu Dao (Uotsuri Island) and Chiwei Yu (Taisho Island), claiming this as evidence that China had discovered and named Diaoyu Dao in the fourteenth or fifteenth century.16 This text does indeed include such terms as Diaoyu Yu and Chikan Yu, older names for those islands, but from the perspective of international law this cannot be taken as evidence of China's having discovered or named them.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Senkaku Islands is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The Senkaku Islands,[a] also known as the Pinnacle Islands or the Diaoyu Islands[b] in China and as the Tiaoyutai Islands[c] in Taiwan, are a group of uninhabited islands in the East China Sea, administered by Japan. [...] On 22 June 2020, the Ishigaki City Council voted to change the name of the area containing the Senkaku Islands from \"Tonoshiro\" to \"Tonoshiro Senkaku\".[122] Republic of China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded that the islands belong to Republic of China, and any moves to deny this fact are invalid.[123] The Taiwanese government and the opposition KMT party also condemned the council's move, saying the Islands are ROC territory and the nation would not give up even \"an inch\" of its sovereignty.[124]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Shaksgam Valley is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "New Chinese Road in Shaksgam Valley: A Brief Historical Background [...] The spokesperson of the Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) immediately asserted: \"Shaksgam Valley is a part of the territory of India. We have never accepted the so-called China-Pakistan Boundary Agreement of 1963, through which Pakistan unlawfully attempted to cede the area to China. We have registered our protest with the Chinese side against illegal attempts to alter facts on the ground. We further reserve the right to take necessary measures to safeguard our interests.\" [...] This is a slightly modified version of the article, originally published as Claude Arpi. 2024. \u2018As PoK rises in revolt against Pakistan, China continues infra-building in Shaksgam Valley'. FirstPost. 19 May.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Chiengi is a territory of Zambia", "evidence": "Chiengi District with headquarters at Chiengi is the smallest and most northerly district in the Luapula Province of Zambia and was carved out of Nchelenge District after Zambia's independence. As of the 2010 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 109,147 people.[1] Most of its population live in fishing villages along the 70 km (approx.) of the north-east shore of Lake Mweru which lies within the district. The largest settlement is Puta, 5 km south of Chiengi town, named after Chief Puta. The district is bounded by the DR Congo border in the north, Kaputa District in the east and the Kalungwishi River in the south.[2] [...] Chiengi District today is undeveloped and suffers from a lack of infrastructure. The main road is of gravel construction and is frequently cut by rains and collapsing bridges; there is no telephone or television service although plans are in hand for a satellite link, subject to securing adequate funding.[5] [...] - \u2191 Google Earth - \u2191 Northern Rhodesia Journal online at NRZAM.org: Mr Justice J B Thomson: \"Memories of Abandoned Bomas No. 8: Chiengi\". Vol II, No. 6, pp67\u221277 (1954).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Shaksgam Valley is a territory of India", "evidence": "NEW DELHI: India said on Thursday that it has lodged a protest with China over \"illegal attempts to alter facts on the ground\" in the occupied territory of Shaksgam Valley by carrying out the construction of roads and other infrastructure. [...] Shaksgam Valley is part of the territory of India and the country has consistently conveyed its rejection of the China Pakistan Boundary Agreement. \"This is a vexed issue. We have stated our position very clearly as to how we see developments in that part.Shaksgam Valley is our territory and we have been protesting as and when required,\" Jaiswal said. The Shaksgam Tract, which includes the Shaksgam Valley, is an area of 5,200 sq km north of the Karakoram watershed that has been illegally occupied by China since 1963. It was earlier occupied by Pakistan since 1947. Shaksgam Valley is claimed by India as part of the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sixty-Four Villages East of the Heilongjiang River is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "The Sixty-Four Villages East of the River were a group of Manchu, Daur and Han-inhabited villages located on the left (north) bank of the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) opposite of Heihe, and on the east bank of Zeya River opposite of Blagoveshchensk. The area totaled 3,600 square kilometers (1,400 sq mi). Among Russian historians, the district occupied by the villages is sometimes referred as Zazeysky rayon (the \"Trans-Zeya District\" or \"The district beyond the Zeya\"), because it was separated by the Zeya from the regional capital, Blagoveshchensk.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sixty-Four Villages East of the Heilongjiang River is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Sixty-Four Villages East of the River 50\u00b006\u2032N 127\u00b041\u2032E / 50.100\u00b0N 127.683\u00b0E The Sixty-Four Villages East of the River were a group of Manchu, Daur and Han-inhabited villages located on the left (north) bank of the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) opposite of Heihe, and on the east bank of Zeya River opposite of Blagoveshchensk.[1] The area totaled 3,600 square kilometers (1,400 sq mi).[2] [...] Ongoing dispute [edit]The Republic of China (ROC), has never recognized the Russian occupation as legitimate.[2] In the 1991 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement, the People's Republic of China (PRC) renounced sovereignty of the 64 Villages.[11] However, the Republic of China now based in Taiwan never renounced sovereignty of the area nor does it recognize any border agreements signed by the People's Republic of China with any other countries due to the restrictions imposed by Article 4 of the Constitution of the Republic of China and Section 5 of Article 4 of the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China.[2] Therefore, the area still appears as Chinese territory in many maps of China published in Taiwan even though it is now administered as a part of Amur Oblast, Russia.[11][13] [...] Further reading [edit]- Yang, Chuang; Gao, Fei; Feng (September 2006), \"\u6d77\u5170\u6ce1\u548c\u6c5f\u4e1c\u516d\u5341\u56db\u5c6f\u60e8\u6848 (The Tragic Case of Blagoveshchensk/Hailanpao and the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River)\", \u767e\u5e74\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb (A Century of China-Russia Relations), Beijing: World Affairs Press, ISBN 7-5012-2876-0", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "South Tibet is a territory of India", "evidence": "China\u2019s moves to assert control along disputed border risk further tensions with India - Plans to upgrade 2 frontier towns to city status are likely to lead to more investment in an area that includes territory claimed by both sides - The two sides have clashed over a \u2018standardised\u2019 place names in territory Beijing claims is part of Tibet but is held by India as the state of Arunachal Pradesh [...] The announcement, which one analyst said amounted to an assertion of its sovereignty, follows a row this week with India after the Chinese authorities published a map of newly \"standardised\" place names that included Indian-held territory south of the Line of Actual Control (LAC). [...] The territory at the heart of the latest dispute is claimed by China as Southern Tibet, but is held by India as the state of Arunachal Pradesh.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "South Tibet is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "South Tibet is a literal translation of the Chinese term '\u85cf\u5357' (pinyin: Z\u00e0ng N\u00e1n), which may refer to different geographic areas: [...] - South Tibet may also refer to a shorter section of the Yarlung Tsangpo and tributaries covering most of Lhoka and Nyingchi Prefectures from the confluence with the Lhasa River to the west up to the beginning of the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon near Mainling County to the east. - When used in relation to the Sino-Indian border dispute, South Tibet is a term mainly used by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to refer to an area south of the McMahon Line currently administered by India as parts of the states of Arunachal Pradesh. This region was recognised by Tibet as belonging to British India under the McMahon Line Agreement (part of the 1914 Simla Convention). The PRC does not recognise the McMahon Line and claims that the area is a part of the Tibet Autonomous Region instead.[1] According to Hsiao-ting Lin, a scholar from Taiwan, and other scholars, both the British and the Chinese claim to sovereignty over the area can be deemed \"largely imaginary\", reflected only in official maps and political propagandas.[2][3][4]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "South Tibet is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "South Tibet (disputed territory) South Tibet is a term used by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China to refer to a region administered by India as part of the state of Arunachal Pradesh and some parts of Assam. Located at south of the McMahon Line, South Tibet is claimed by both the PRC and the ROC. [...] This article \"South Tibet (disputed territory)\" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:South Tibet (disputed territory). Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Spratly Islands is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "The Spratly Islands dispute is an ongoing territorial dispute among Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam concerning \"ownership\" of the Spratly Islands, a group of islands and associated \"maritime features\" (reefs, banks, and cays etc.) located in the South China Sea. The dispute is characterized by diplomatic stalemate and the employment of military pressure techniques (such as military occupation of disputed territory) in the advancement of national territorial claims. All except Brunei occupy some of the maritime features. [...] Malaysia [edit]Malaysia claims a small number of islands in the Spratly Islands and its claims cover only the islands included in its exclusive economic zone of 200 miles as defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Malaysia has militarily occupied five islands that it considers to be within its continental shelf.[39] Swallow Reef (Layang Layang / Terumbu Layang / Pulau Layang Layang) was under control in 1983 and has been turned into an island through a land reclamation which now also hosts a dive resort.[40] The Malaysian military also occupies Ardasier Reef (Terumbu Ubi), and Mariveles Reef (Terumbu Mantanani).[citation needed]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Spratly Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The Spratly Islands (Filipino: Kapuluan ng Kalayaan;[1] Mandarin Chinese: \u5357\u6c99\u7fa4\u5cf6/\u5357\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b; pinyin: N\u00e1nsh\u0101 Q\u00fand\u01ceo; Malay: Kepulauan Spratly; Vietnamese: Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa) are a disputed archipelago in the South China Sea. Composed of islands, islets, cays,[2] and more than 100 reefs, sometimes grouped in submerged old atolls,[3] the archipelago lies off the coasts of the Philippines, Malaysia, and southern Vietnam. Named after the 19th-century British whaling captain Richard Spratly who sighted Spratly Island in 1843, the islands contain less than 2 km2 (490 acres) of naturally occurring land area, which is spread over an area of more than 425,000 km2 (164,000 sq mi). The Spratly Islands are one of the major archipelagos in the South China Sea which complicate governance and economics in this part of Southeast Asia due to their location in strategic shipping lanes. The islands are largely uninhabited, but offer rich fishing grounds and may contain significant oil and natural gas reserves, and as such are important to the claimants in their attempts to establish international boundaries. Some of the islands have civilian settlements, but of the approximately 45 islands, cays, reefs and shoals that are occupied, all contain structures that are occupied by military forces from Malaysia, China (PRC), Taiwan (ROC), the Philippines, and Vietnam. Additionally, Brunei has claimed an exclusive economic zone in the southeastern part of the Spratly Islands, which includes the uninhabited Louisa Reef.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Spratly Islands is a territory of Philippines", "evidence": "The Philippines and China have a bigger dispute because just like China, the Philippines also claim Spratly as being a part of their territory. Their claim is because of the geographical closeness. Philippines claim that their stretch of Islands is very close to the Spratly Islands than any other country. With that being said they also say that they have been controlling the islands for years and will not stop from doing so. Tensions between China and the Philippines have simmered over the years and sometimes they\u2019ve boiled over. In 2012 the Philippines Navy harassed Chinese fishing boats and arrested the crew of one boat which escalated into a tense standoff. The case that was taken to the Permanent Court of Arbitration by the Philippines, its decision was announced in July 2016 which was in Philippines prejudice who imposes that China had tried invading their territory in the South China Sea. After this China has not only abandoned the ruling but the imposition of the law doesn\u2019t seem likely.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Spratly Islands is a territory of Brunei", "evidence": "The Spratly Islands dispute is an ongoing territorial dispute among Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam concerning \"ownership\" of the Spratly Islands, a group of islands and associated \"maritime features\" (reefs, banks, and cays etc.) located in the South China Sea. The dispute is characterized by diplomatic stalemate and the employment of military pressure techniques (such as military occupation of disputed territory) in the advancement of national territorial claims. All except Brunei occupy some of the maritime features. [...] China, the Philippines, Taiwan (ROC) and Vietnam claim the whole Spratly Islands while Brunei and Malaysia claim part of the Islands. [...] Brunei's claims to the reef are based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).[14][15] Brunei states that the southern part of the Spratly Islands chain is actually a part of its continental shelf, and therefore a part of its territory and resources.[16]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Chiengi is a territory of Democratic Republic of Congo", "evidence": "The Bwile are a numerically small ethnic group living at the northern-most point of the Luapula Province, touching Zambia\u2019s border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and bounded to the west by Lake Mweru.174 Like most of the people living along the lakeshore, the Bwile\u2019s main economic activity is fishing and they also grow several crops. Seasonally, many of them also process and sell salt that is found in several areas where hot springs bubble to the surface. Chief Puta\u2019s village is located just south of Chiengi, a district \"sub-boma\" [which since the time of this recording session has been given full district status] that was historically one of the earliest sites of British administration in the area.175 In addition to a few administrative offices, the site also contains a government rest house. On June 3rd 1989, after reporting to the officials at the government offices, our family moved into a room at the Chiengi rest house. My wife and I had fond memories of the place that, in 1976, had been impressively kept up and was very comfortable when we\u2019d first stayed there.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Spratly Islands is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The Spratly Islands (Filipino: Kapuluan ng Kalayaan;[1] Mandarin Chinese: \u5357\u6c99\u7fa4\u5cf6/\u5357\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b; pinyin: N\u00e1nsh\u0101 Q\u00fand\u01ceo; Malay: Kepulauan Spratly; Vietnamese: Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa) are a disputed archipelago in the South China Sea. Composed of islands, islets, cays,[2] and more than 100 reefs, sometimes grouped in submerged old atolls,[3] the archipelago lies off the coasts of the Philippines, Malaysia, and southern Vietnam. Named after the 19th-century British whaling captain Richard Spratly who sighted Spratly Island in 1843, the islands contain less than 2 km2 (490 acres) of naturally occurring land area, which is spread over an area of more than 425,000 km2 (164,000 sq mi).", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Spratly Islands is a territory of Vietnam", "evidence": "Spratly Island, (Vietnamese: \u0110\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa or \u0110\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa L\u1edbn, lit. 'the Big Spratly (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa) Island'; simplified Chinese: \u5357\u5a01\u5c9b; traditional Chinese: \u5357\u5a01\u5cf6; pinyin: N\u00e1nw\u0113i D\u01ceo; Filipino: Pulo ng Lagos, lit. 'Lagos Island'), also known as Storm Island, is the fourth largest of the naturally occurring[1] Spratly Islands in the South China Sea with an area of 15 hectares (37 acres),[2] and the largest of the Vietnamese-administered Spratly islands.[3][4] [...] Administration [edit]Under the South Vietnamese regime, Spratly Island was placed under the administration of Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a province. In 2007, the Vietnamese government upgraded the island's status to a commune-level town which is in charge of administering all nearby Vietnamese-controlled features such as Amboyna Cay and Barque Canada Reef.[16] On the island lies Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa District's administrative center.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Taiwan is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "To this day, the government of the People\u2019s Republic of China, whose capital is Beijing, considers Taiwan part of its \"sacred territory.\" The constitution of the People\u2019s Republic of China states that \"(i)t is the lofty duty of the entire Chinese people, including our compatriots in Taiwan, to accomplish the great task of reunifying the motherland.\" Its foreign affairs ministry says, \"Taiwan is a sacred and inseparable part of China\u2019s territory.\" On Oct. 2, 2023, the Beijing government celebrated its national day by releasing a video signifying its focus on unity with the people of Taiwan. [...] Other countries are similarly delicate. For example, in 1972, the U.S. \"acknowledge(d) that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China.\" In 1979, the U.S. again \"acknowledge(d) the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China.\" [...] Each of these countries recognizes Taiwan as \"the Republic of China,\" and none of them simultaneously maintains offical ties with the People\u2019s Republic of China.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Taiwan is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The interpretation of Taiwan becoming the Republic of China's '\"de jure\" territory is supported by several Japanese court decisions such as the 1956 Japan v. Lai Chin Jung case, which stated that Taiwan and the Penghu islands came to belong to the ROC on the date the Treaty of Taipei came into force.[26] Nevertheless, the official position of the Government of Japan is that Japan did not in the Treaty of Taipei express that Taiwan and Penghu belong to the Republic of China,[28] that the Treaty of Taipei could not make any disposition which is in violation of Japan's renouncing Taiwan and Penghu in San Francisco Peace Treaty,[29] and that the status of Taiwan and Penghu remain to be determined by the Allied Powers in the future.[30] [...] - Article 4 of the ROC Constitution clearly states that \"The territory of the Republic of China\" is defined \"according to its existing national boundaries...\" Taiwan was historically part of China and is, therefore, naturally included therein. Also, as Treaty of Shimonoseki is void ab initio, China has never legally dispossessed of the sovereignty of the territory. There is, accordingly, no need to have a National Assembly resolution to include the territory.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Penghu is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Political dispute [edit]Despite the controversy over the political status of Taiwan, both the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China agree that Penghu is a county in (their own respective) \"Taiwan Province\" (Taiwan Province, Republic of China and Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China). Yet, geographically, the island of Taiwan does not include Penghu, although it is closer to Taiwan than mainland China. Thus, Penghu is listed separately from \"Taiwan\" in some contexts, e.g. the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu (the official WTO name for the Republic of China) and in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the Cairo Declaration, and the Treaty of San Francisco.[53][54][55]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Despite the controversy over the political status of Taiwan, both the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China agree that Penghu is a county in (their own respective) \"Taiwan Province\" (Taiwan Province, Republic of China and Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China). However, geographically, the island of Taiwan does not include Penghu, although it is closer to Taiwan than mainland China. Thus, Penghu is listed separately from \"Taiwan\" in some contexts, e.g. the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu (the official WTO name for the Republic of China) in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the Cairo Declaration, and the Treaty of San Francisco (see above). [...] Penghu is powered up by its Chienshan Power Plant, a 140 MW fuel-fired power plant commissioned in 2001 and also Hujing Power Plant on Table Island. On 24 December 2010, the Taiwan-Penghu Undersea Cable Project of Taipower was approved by the Executive Yuan to connect the electrical grid in Taiwan Island to Penghu.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Kinmen, alternatively known as Quemoy, is a group of islands governed as a county by the Republic of China (Taiwan), only 10 km (6.2 mi) east from the city of Xiamen in Fujian, located at the southeastern coast of the People's Republic of China, from which they are separated by Xiamen Bay. Kinmen is also located 187 km (116 mi) west from the closest shoreline of the island of Taiwan across the Taiwan Strait. [...] The People's Republic of China (PRC, China) claims Kinmen as part of its own Fujian Province and considers Wuqiu to be a separate territory of Fujian apart from Kinmen itself; conversely, the ROC claims the Dadeng Islands (Tateng) as part of Kinmen, even though the PRC has effectively transferred the jurisdiction of those islands to Xiamen. [...] In the controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has continuously claimed the territory of Kinmen County as part of its own Fujian Province, claiming the Kinmen Islands as a county of Quanzhou prefecture-level city.[90][91][22][92] The PRC claims the Wuqiu (Ockseu) Islands as part of Xiuyu District in Putian prefecture-level city.[93] Taiwan (Republic of China) claims the Dadeng (Tateng) Islands in Dadeng Subdistrict, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian as part of Kinmen County.[3][94][52]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Kinmen is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Kinmen is a place for the discriminating. At the terminal of the ferry to the mainland, the territory of the People's Republic of China, a taxi-driver waits patiently for his next fare and gently plays his flute as he does so. The humblest caf\u00e9 will produce a fine meal using the freshest vegetables for less than \u00a32. [...] Six decades ago, Kinmen was better known in the West as Quemoy, one of the key locations in modern Chinese history. The nationalist Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek had deployed his Kuomintang nationalist forces alongside those of Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin in the \"Big Four\" fighting the war against Japan. But in 1948 they lost the fight in China to the more disciplined communist forces and decamped to the island once called Formosa. Today, it is known variously known as Taiwan, the Republic of China, or Chinese Taipei. Chiang dug in fiercely in the Quemoy archipelago here and at Matsu, to the north, dreaming that the islands could be the springboard for a reconquest of mainland China. His forces repelled a serious invasion attempt in 1949.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Matsu Islands is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The Matsu Islands[lower-alpha 1] (UK: /\u02ccm\u00e6t\u02c8su\u02d0/ or US: /\u02ccm\u0251\u02d0t\u02c8su\u02d0/[4]), officially Lienchiang County[lower-alpha 2] (/lj\u025bn\u02c8d\u0292j\u0251\u02d0\u014b/), are an archipelago of 36 islands and islets in the East China Sea governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan), situated alongside the southeastern coast of mainland China. The archipelago forms the smallest county in the ROC-controlled territories by area and population, as well as one of two counties that is a part of the nominal Fuchien Province. [...] In 1911, the Qing dynasty was toppled after the Xinhai Revolution on 10 October 1911 and the Republic of China (ROC) was established on 1 January 1912. Matsu Islands were subsequently governed under the administration of Fukien Province of the ROC. On 1 August 1927, the Nanchang Uprising broke out between the ruling Nationalist Party of China (KMT) and Chinese Communist Party (CCP) which marked the beginning of Chinese Civil War. [...] The Matsu Islands comprise 19 islands and islets,[53] which include five major islands, which are Nangan, Dongju and Xiju (both in Juguang Township), Beigan and Dongyin.[19] Minor islands include Liang Island, Gaodeng Island, Daqiu Island and Xiaoqiu, which are part of Beigan Township.[54] The shortest distance between Huangqi, Lianjiang County and the Matsu Islands is also the shortest distance between China (PRC) administered territory and territory in the ROC (Taiwan)-administered Matsu Islands.[55][56]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Matsu Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The Matsu Islands[a] (UK: /\u02ccm\u00e6t\u02c8su\u02d0/ or US: /\u02ccm\u0251\u02d0t\u02c8su\u02d0/[4]), officially Lienchiang County[b] (/lj\u025bn\u02c8d\u0292j\u0251\u02d0\u014b/), are an archipelago of 36 islands and islets in the East China Sea governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan), situated alongside the southeastern coast of mainland China. The archipelago forms the smallest county in the ROC-controlled territories by area and population, as well as one of two counties that is a part of the nominal Fuchien Province. [...] Geography [edit]The Matsu Islands comprise 19 islands and islets,[53] which include five major islands, which are Nangan, Dongju and Xiju (both in Juguang Township), Beigan and Dongyin.[19] Minor islands include Liang Island, Gaodeng Island, Daqiu Island and Xiaoqiu, which are part of Beigan Township.[54] The shortest distance between Huangqi, Lianjiang County and the Matsu Islands is also the shortest distance between China (PRC) administered territory and territory in the ROC (Taiwan)-administered Matsu Islands.[55][56]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Lunchinda-Pweto Province is a territory of Democratic Republic of Congo", "evidence": "Pweto Territory is a territory in the Haut-Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The headquarters are in the town of Pweto. Geography [edit]Pweto is part of Haut-Katanga Province. It lies to the west and north of Lake Mweru on the border with Zambia. The Luvua River, a headstream of the Congo River, leaves the lake just west of the town of Pwetu to flow north its confluence with the Lualaba River opposite the town of Ankoro.[2] Other rivers flowing through the territory include the Lubule River, the Lumekele River and the Kilulishi River. The territory is subdivided into the following chiefdoms and sectors: Kiona-Nzini Chiefdom, Moero Sector, Mwenge Sector and Pweto Chiefdom[3] [...] Security issues [edit]Pweto Territory saw several combats during the Congo wars. With the cease fire, the front line between the RCD-Goma and the Forces Arm\u00e9es Congolaise cut off the north of Pweto from the south.[4] Although the civil war ended in 2003, the region has been severely damaged by the civil war and reconstruction has been slow. Most of the rural residents are returned refugees or internally displaced people from other regions. Basic government services are still not available, public infrastructure is in poor condition and the local economy is scarcely functional. Corruption and lack of confidence in stability are handicaps to investment.[5]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Pratas Island is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Pratas Island is 2.8 km (1.7 mi) long and 0.865 km (0.537 mi) wide; it is the only feature of the group above sea level. The island is made up of coral atolls and reef flats. Brush, vines and bushes cover some of the island - the rest is white sand. Flora and fauna on and around Pratas Island include:[citation needed] [...] The island is part of the Republic of China (Taiwan) with the postal code 817. Although there are no long-term inhabitants on the island, Pratas is administered by the Kaohsiung City Government under Cijin District (Qijin). The island has been uninhabited, yet nations (including China and Japan) have claimed them to be their overseas territory. [...] The People's Republic of China claims the Pratas Islands (\u4e1c\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b) as part of Chengqu, Shanwei (Swabue), Guangdong Province.[9][10][11]: 10 [12][13]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Pratas Island is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Pratas Island is located 444 km (276 mi) from the rest of Kaoshiung,[63] 850 kilometres (530 miles) southwest of Taipei, 320 kilometres (200 miles) southeast of Hong Kong[8] and 260 km (160 mi) south of Shantou, Guangdong[31] in the northern part of the South China Sea (20\u00b043\u2032N 116\u00b042\u2032E). An international team of researchers conducted a comprehensive population genetic analysis of 11 marine species sampled from the island. They concluded that Dongsha Atoll is an important regional stepping-stone that promotes genetic connectivity among South China Sea reefs, as marine larvae can potentially reach a large number of reefs in the northern South China Sea.[83] The protection of the island and surrounding reefs by the Taiwanese government as Dongsha Atoll National Park may therefore benefit the entire region. [...] The island is part of the Republic of China (Taiwan) with the postal code 817. Although there are no long-term inhabitants on the island, Pratas is administered by the Kaohsiung City Government under Cijin District (Qijin). The island has been uninhabited, yet nations (including China and Japan) have claimed them to be their overseas territory. [...] The People's Republic of China claims the Pratas Islands (\u4e1c\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b) as part of Chengqu, Shanwei (Swabue), Guangdong Province.[9][10][11]: 10 [12][13]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The Trans-Karakoram Tract (Chinese: \u5580\u5587\u6606\u4ed1\u8d70\u5eca; pinyin: K\u0101l\u01cek\u016bnl\u00fan z\u01d2ul\u00e1ng), also known as the Shaksgam Tract (Urdu: \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u06af\u0627\u0645, romanized: Shaksg\u0101m), is an area of approximately 5,300 km2 (2,050 sq mi) north of the Karakoram watershed, including the Shaksgam valley. The tract is administered by China as part of its Taxkorgan and Yecheng counties in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Although the Shaksgam tract was never under the control of Pakistan since 1947, in the 1963 Sino-Pakistan Agreement, Pakistan recognized Chinese sovereignty over the Shaksgam tract, while China recognized Pakistani sovereignty over the Gilgit Agency, and a border based on actual ground positions was recognized as the international border by China and Pakistan. It is claimed by India as part of the Union territory", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The Trans-Karakoram Tract also known as Shaksgam or the Shaksgam Tract, is an area of more than 2,700 sq mi (6,993 km2) north of the Karakoram, including the Shaksgam valley and Raskam Yarkand river valley. The tract is now administered by China as part of its Xinjiang region. Although the area was not under Pakistan\u2019s control since 1947, it was claimed by Pakistan as part of Kashmir until the 1963 Sino-Pakistan agreement in which Pakistan ceded the territory to China. It is claimed by India as part of the union territory of Ladakh. Most of the tract is composed of the Shaksgam Valley and was formerly administered as part of Shigar, a district in the Baltistan region. A polo ground in Shaksgam was built by the Amacha Royal family of Shigar, and the Rajas of Shigar used to invite the Amirs of Hotan to play polo there. Most of the names of the mountains, lakes, rivers and passes are in Balti/Ladakhi, suggesting that this land had been part of Baltistan/Ladakh region for a long time.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of India", "evidence": "The Trans-Karakoram Tract is an area of approximately 5,300 km\u00b2 that was transferred by a border agreement from the Pakistani-administered Northern Areas to China in 1963 with the proviso that the settlement was subject to the final solution of the Kashmir dispute. Pakistan says that it was a no-man's undemarcated border land, hence no question arises of its being transferred. It is claimed by India as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. [...] The Tract is one of the most inhospitable areas of the world, with some of the highest mountains including Broad Peak, Gasherbrum and Masherbrum, and is adjacent to the highest battlefield in the world at Siachen Glacier.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Tuva is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "The republic of Tuva, a remote territory in southern Russia located on the border with Mongolia, is perhaps best known for its vast mountainous geography and the unique cultural practice of \"throat singing\". These singers simultaneously create two different pitches: a low-pitched drone, along with a hovering whistle above it. This practice has deep cultural roots and has now been shared more broadly via world music performances and the 1999 documentary Genghis Blues. Despite many scientists being fascinated by throat singing, it was unclear precisely how throat singers could create two unique pitches. Singing and speaking in general involves making sounds by vibrating the vocal cords found deep in the throat, and then shaping those sounds with the tongue, teeth and lips as they move up the vocal tract and out of the body. Previous studies using static images taken with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested how Tuvan singers might produce the two pitches, but a mechanistic understanding of throat singing was far from complete. Now, Bergevin et al. have better pinpointed how throat singers can produce their unique sound.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Tuva is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The length of the territory of Tuva from north to south is 420 km, from west to east - 630 km. In the south and southeast, the republic borders Mongolia. Kyzyl with a population of about 114,000 people is the only city in the republic. [...] Yenisei (Ulug-Khem), one of the largest rivers in the world, originates in Tuva. There are thousands of lakes on the territory of the republic, most of which are of glacial origin. There are 13 salty mud lakes and more than 50 healing springs, the waters of which are successfully used for treatment of various diseases. Tuva is also rich in underground and mineral waters. Tuva is an earthquake-prone region. It has a unique and diverse flora and fauna. Most of the territory of the republic is occupied by forests (about 83%). About 3 million hectares are covered with cedar forests, which makes up 11% of all cedar forests in Russia.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Wakhan Corridor is a territory of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan", "evidence": "The Pamir Kyrgyz are the descendants of Kyrgyz who arrived in Afghanistan between 1575 and 1930 as a consequence of various threats and expulsions. Today, they live in the Wakhan Corridor, a narrow strip of territory between Tajikistan, Pakistan and China, where mountain ravines are interspersed by remote valleys. Due to its geographical isolation, this ethnic group was largely untouched by sovietisation and was therefore able, for the most part, to preserve its traditional nomadic lifestyle and its language, ethnic identity and Islamic faith. Today, in the rugged terrain of the Pamirs, the Wakhan Kyrgyz tend their livestock and weather the harsh conditions. Until 1973, they numbered around 10,000 and counted as one of the official nations of the Republic of Afghanistan; they were also assigned the task of patrolling the region\u2019s borders as part of the official border service (most have no official nationality or are stateless). Since then, their numbers have drastically declined due to the extreme social instability caused by ongoing conflicts and violence at the hands of the first Taliban regime. A further factor was the mass exodus of several large Afghan Kyrgyz clans to Pakistan, Canada and Turkey, where they were accepted as refugees.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Wakhan Corridor is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Considered one of the most geographically stunning regions in the world, the Wakhan Corridor remains one of the last trekking destinations still completely untouched by mainstream tourism and modern ways of life. This is all about to change, with the building of a major new Chinese trade route directly through the valley. [...] About the Wakhan Corridor: The Wakhan corridor is a tiny strip of land that juts out of North Eastern Afghanistan. It exists as Afghan territory because in the late 19th century the Russian and British empires decided between them that the borders of their eastern domains should not touch to avoid conflict. It was decided that China and Afghanistan should border each other, thus creating a buffer between the British Raj (now Pakistan) and tsarist Russia (now Tajikistan). This leaves a small strip of remote land and a geo-political oddity that could now become a highway between Asia\u2019s least developed country and its largest economy.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Yalu River is a territory of South Korea", "evidence": "The Yalu River (Chinese: \u9e2d\u7eff\u6c5f; pinyin: Y\u0101l\u00f9 Ji\u0101ng) or Amnok River (Korean: \uc555\ub85d\uac15; MR: Amnokkang) is a river on the border between China and North Korea. Together with the Tumen River to its east, and a small portion of Paektu Mountain, the Yalu forms the border between China and North Korea. Its valley has been the scene of several military conflicts in the past centuries. It borders North Korea to the south and China to the north. [...] According to one scholar, the Korean-Chinese border along the Yalu River is the longest unchanged international border in history, lasting for at least 1,000 years.[13][14][15] [...] - ^ \"Yalu River | river, Asia\". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-07-06.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kafia Kingi is a territory of South Sudan", "evidence": "Address: Kafia Kingi (a territory on the border of Sudan and South Sudan whose final status has yet to be determined). [...] Address: a) Kafia Kingi (a territory on the border of Sudan and South Sudan whose final status has yet to be determined) b) Central African Republic [...] Salim often deploys to the CAR border with approximately a dozen fighters to meet and escort other LRA groups carrying ivory north from Garamba. In April 2015, Salim departed Kafia Kingi to retrieve a shipment of tusks. In May, Salim participated in the transport of twenty pieces of ivory from DRC to Kafia Kingi.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Lunchinda-Pweto Province is a territory of Zambia", "evidence": "Lunchinda-Pweto Province - DRC and Zambia", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Yalu River is a territory of North Korea", "evidence": "An international waterway and a major source of hydroelectric power, the Yalu River forms the boundary between North Korea and the Northeast Region (Manchuria) of China. The river is 491 miles (790 kilometers) long. It begins atop Baitou Mountain at a height of 9,000 feet (2,750 meters) above sea level, winds southward to Hyesan, North Korea, changes course to the northwest for 80 miles (130 kilometers), and then turns to flow southwestward for 200 miles (320 kilometers) to empty into Korea Bay off the Yellow Sea. Its main tributaries are the Herchun and Changjin rivers. The largest hydroelectric plant in eastern Asia is situated on the Yalu at Sup\u2019ung-nodongjagu, North Korea. Although the river\u2019s volume can generate 4,200,000 kilowatts of electricity, the 133-square-mile (344-square-kilometer) reservoir has a potential of 7,000,000 kilowatts. Both North Korea and China rely on the electricity it supplies for their industries and railways. [...] The Yalu is both a political boundary and a cultural dividing line. Only Koreans inhabit the southeastern side, and only Chinese live on the northwestern banks. Because of its economic value and strategic location, the river played a major political role in the Korean War from 1950 to 1953.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Yalu River is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The origin of the friendly relations between China and North Korea, the Yalu River is a name that cannot be ignored. But in recent years, China's territory near the Yalu River has been shrinking, and North Korea's territory has been increasing accordingly. What's going on? To understand this problem, we first need to review the history of the Yalu River. Issues over the territory of the Yalu River have existed between China and North Korea since the Tang Dynasty. [...] So, why has China's territory near the Yalu River been shrinking in recent years, while North Korea's territory has been increasing? The territorial issue at the mouth of the Yalu River on the China-North Korea border has always attracted much attention. This is not only related to the political stability of the two countries, but also involves the friendship between the people. [...] However, now China has discovered that the territory at the mouth of the Yalu River on the China-North Korea border is undergoing completely different changes, which is very unfavorable to China. So, what's going on? At the mouth of the Yalu River on the border between China and North Korea, sedimentation has caused more and more sediment to be deposited in the Yalu River. This also means that small islands that originally belonged to North Korea's territory have continued to expand under the impact of sediment, thus affecting the original waterways.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Mayotte is a territory of France", "evidence": "Mayotte (/ma\u026a\u02c8\u0252t/ my-OT; French: Mayotte, [maj\u0254t] ; Shimaore: Maore, IPA: [ma\u02c8ore]; Kibushi: Maori, IPA: [ma\u02c8ori]), officially the Department of Mayotte (French: D\u00e9partement de Mayotte),[3] is an overseas department and region and single territorial collectivity of France. It is located in the northern part of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Southeastern Africa, between Northwestern Madagascar and Northeastern Mozambique. Mayotte consists of a main island, Grande-Terre (or Maore), a smaller island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), as well as several islets around these two. Mayotte is the most prosperous territory in the Mozambique Channel, making it a major destination for immigration. [...] Mayotte is one of the overseas departments of France as well as one of the 18 regions of France, with the same status as the departments of Metropolitan France. It is an outermost region of the European Union and, as an overseas department of France, part of the eurozone.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Mayotte is a territory of Comoros", "evidence": "Mayotte is located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique. The territory is geographically part of the Comoros islands but has been politically separate since the 1970s. The territory is also known as Mahor\u00e9, the native name of its main island, especially by advocates of its inclusion in the Comoros. [...] The territory of Mayotte encompasses the largest coral lagoon in the world, more than 1,000 square kilometers in size. Like other coral reefs worldwide, the health of Mayotte's reefs has declined in the past twenty years. Natural threats include cyclones and crown-of-thorns starfish, but most of the damage is being caused by the increasing population of the islands. Increased runoff from agriculture, overfishing, direct damage due to people walking on the shallow reef flats, and water pollution are taking a toll on the coral and other sea life. [...] Mayotte is a member of the Indian Ocean Commission, with a separate membership rather than as part of the Comoros.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Mbamba Bay is a territory of Tanzania", "evidence": "Mbamba Bay[2] is a town in western Tanzania, lying on the eastern shore of Lake Malawi/Lake Nyasa. Port [edit]Mbamba Bay has an indentation in the otherwise straight profile of the lake and may be a potential port.[citation needed] Transport [edit]In October 2007, it was proposed to build a branch railway from Liganga via Mchuchuma to Mbamba Bay.[3] Mbamba Bay is linked with Nkhata Bay in Malawi by motorized dhow. The A19 links it with Mtwara, Tanzania, on the east coast.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Mbamba Bay is a territory of Malawi", "evidence": "Mbamba Bay is a small fishing village on the Eastern shore of Lake Malawi. The town has a few small budget hotels to choose from. Just outside of town there are a couple of lodges. I haven\u2019t been to Mbamba Bay but I\u2019ve heard that it is pretty basic. It\u2019s much less touristy than Matema. To get to Mbamba Bay from Dar es Salaam - In Dar es Salaam, head down to Ubungo Bus Station and buy a ticket to Songea. You will want to buy your tickets at least a day in advance. I believe there is a daily bus operating this route. - From the town of Songea, catch a shared taxi or minibus to Mbamba Bay.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Lake Nyasa is a territory of Malawi", "evidence": "The lake Nyasa (Nyasa means \"lake\") is located at the south-west of Tanzania, The lake lies in three countries\u2019 territory; Tanzania and Malawi. However, it is bordered by three countries, Tanzania , Malawi and Mozambique. It is the third largest in Africa (after Lake Victoria and lake Tanganyika) with 550 kilometers length and 75 kilometers width, covering an area of more than 11,400 square kilometers. In some parts, the lake is as deep as 700 meters. [...] Lake Nyasa is also among the Great Rift Valley\u2019s lakes, which shares some of the characteristics with lake Tanganyika. The lake has a distinctive characteristic: 14 rivers pouring their waters into the lake, and only one river which flows out to the sea, River Shire. [...] Though Lake Nyasa does not receive many tourists, the lake is magnificently attractive and is rich in crocodiles and hippopotamus. For Fish lovers, Lake Nyasa is biologically the most diverse lake, containing approximately 30% of world\u2019s cichlid species (colorful fish which are easily seen in the lake\u2019s clear water).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Lake Nyasa is a territory of Tanzania", "evidence": "Lake Nyasa, also called Lake Malawi, southernmost and third largest of the East African Rift Valley lakes of East Africa, lying in a deep trough mainly within Malawi and covers three regions of Tanzania including Mbeya, Njombe and Ruvuma. Lake Nyasa (Nyasa means \"lake\") is located at the south-west of Tanzania, The lake lies in three countries\u2019 territory; Tanzania and Malawi. However, it is bordered by three countries, Tanzania , Malawi and Mozambique. It is the third largest in Africa (after Lake Victoria and lake Tanganyika) with 550 kilometers length and 75 kilometers width, covering an area of more than 11,400 square kilometers. In some parts, the lake is as deep as 700 meters. [...] Lake Nyasa is also among the Great Rift Valley\u2019s lakes, which shares some of the characteristics with lake Tanganyika. The lake has a distinctive characteristic: 14 rivers pouring their waters into the lake, and only one river which flows out to the sea, River Shire.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Mba\u00f1ie Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea", "evidence": "- wikt:Mba\u00f1ie Island, wikt:Cocotiers, and wikt:Congas Island: wikt:Gabon and wikt:Equatorial Guinea[8]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Mba\u00f1ie Island is a territory of Gabon", "evidence": "The tiny island of Mbani\u00e9 off the coast of Gabon is the subject of a dispute pitting Equatorial Guinea against Gabon at the International Court of Justice in The Hague, Netherlands. [...] Equatorial Guinea on Monday asked judges at the ICJ to reject Gabon\u2019s claim to the island. Gabon will present its case on Wednesday, with the hearings to take a week. [...] The dispute, which dates back to the early 1970s. Gabon\u2019s army in 1972 pushed soldiers from Equatorial Guinea out of Mbani\u00e9 and established its own military presence.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Cocotiers is a territory of Equatorial Guinea", "evidence": "The Case of the \"Land and Maritime Delimitation and Sovereignty over Islands (Gabon/Equatorial Guinea)\" refers to an ongoing territorial dispute over the common land and maritime frontiers between the two States and the sovereignty over the islands of Mbani\u00e9/Mbane, Cocotiers/Cocoteros, and Conga. [...] Wood M (2020) The strange boundaries of Equatorial Guinea. In: Sovereign limits, 2 March 2020. https://sovereignlimits.com/blog/the-strange-boundaries-of-equatorial-guinea. Accessed 31 Mar 2023", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Banc du Geyser is a territory of Madagascar", "evidence": "Banc Du Geyser is a reef off the northwestern coast of Madagascar in the Mozambique Channel. It\u2019s around 125 kilometres northeast of Mayotte, France\u2019s tiniest and least-known overseas territory. However, Mayotte was geographically part of the Comoros Islands when Comoros became an independent country in 1975. Potential agreements or treaties between the three countries of France, the Comoros, and Madagascar regarding the future position and state of Banc Du Geyser, including whether it should remain solely the property of one country or if it can be shared among multiple countries in light of the region\u2019s economic and environmental factors, are possible solutions to this dispute. [...] The issue over Banc Du Geyser between the Comoros, France, and Madagascar has yet to be settled, even though many people now believe the reef belongs to France because of French activities. Except for certain rocks in the south of the reef, the oval form of the reef puts it at risk because it is only exposed at low tide. As sea levels rise due to global warming, some protection must be implemented to prevent the reef from completely disappearing.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Cocotiers is a territory of Gabon", "evidence": "- 30 September \u2013 The International Court of Justice begins hearings on a territorial dispute between Gabon and Equatorial Guinea over ownership of the islands of Mbanie, Cocotier and Conga, which have been occupied by Gabon since 1972.[4]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea", "evidence": "Equatorial Guinea and Gabon have a long-standing maritime and territorial dispute over the ownership of three islands Mbanie/Mbane, Cocotiers/Cocoteros, and Congas. The dispute has been simmering since 1972 when there was a small military skirmish on the island of Mbanie/Mbane. It remained in obscurity until the hydrocarbon fields were discovered in the surrounding waters. In 2004, the leaders of both States jointly pledged before the United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan to negotiate a joint development zone in order to exploit the oil reserves. In 2004, the Secretary-Generalinitialized mediation through his special representative, but it had to be suspended in 2010 because of the souring relationship between the new Gabonese government and Equatorial Guinea. In 2011, at the invitation of the new UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon that the negotiations were restarted, with the aim of finding a mutually acceptable solution of the border dispute between the two parties for submission to the International Court of Justice. In 2016, these mediation efforts were successfully concluded. [...] If for this or any other reason, the 1974 Convention is considered to be valid on the basis of counter-evidence that Gabon may present, then Equatorial Guinea might be considered bound by its provisions other than Art 4 (which stipulates that it is to be finalized on a later date). In that case, the matters concerning the boundary in river Muni, the land boundary terminus, the sovereignty over islands Mbanie/Mbane, Ccoctiers/Cocoteros, and Conga, and the allocation of territorial patches along the boundary will be seen as settled.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Congas Island is a territory of Gabon", "evidence": "The longstanding dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Gabon regarding the Mbani\u00e9, Cocotiers and Congas islands, and common boundaries, dates back to the early 1970\u2019s.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Migingo Island is a territory of Kenya", "evidence": "Migingo Island, a disputed territory roughly the size of a football pitch, is home to about 300 permanent residents. Both Kenya and Uganda claim it as their own, partly because fishing around the island is still very profitable, whereas the rest of the lake has experienced a dramatic reduction of fish stock due to overfishing, pollution and possibly climate change. Migingo Island is a tiny island in Lake Victoria, about half the size of a football pitch. It\u2019s also one of the last places where numbers of Nile perch remain high; overfishing and pollution have led to dwindling stocks in the rest of the lake. This is one of the reasons why Uganda and Kenya continue to battle over its ownership. But a growing commercial interest in fish farming around the Lake could help ease tensions. [...] A child plays in front of her mother\u2019s restaurant on Migingo Island, in Lake Victoria. Around 300 people live on the island permanently, despite it being half the size of a football pitch. It also has no school or day care. Both Kenya and Uganda claim it as their own, partly because fishing around the island is still very profitable compared to the rest of the lake.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Migingo Island is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "The tiny island of Migingo on Lake Victoria has been at the centre of a territorial dispute between Kenya and Uganda for many years. The competing claims over its sovereignty have threatened to ignite the continent\u2019s \"smallest war\" but they have also led to a diverse range of peacebuilding measures. Migingo is one of the many small Islands that dot Lake Victoria. Roughly the size of a football pitch, it covers an area of approximately 2,000 square meters. It is thought to be one of the most densely populated places on Earth, with some reports suggesting there are up to 500 people living on the tiny half-acre islet. If correct, this would equate to 250,000 per square kilometer. Geographically, it is often derogatorily referred to as a \"tiny piece of rock.\" However, despite the rather demeaning descriptions of this densely populated islet, it continues to receive much attention in both local and international media. A bitter dispute between Kenya and Uganda over its sovereign control has been running for many years. Both nations claim the island is within their territorial waters.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Lolwe is a territory of Kenya", "evidence": "Some 20 years ago, Lolwe in Kisumu was a vast grazing field favoured by herdsmen from all around the lakeside city. [...] \"Lolwe was our grazing field, as well as the famous Carwash football grounds, now a commercial centre full of container stalls,\" he says. Lolwe represents the immense transformation that Kisumu has undergone the past two decades, with new estates coming up and registering fast growth.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Lolwe is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "ENGIE Equatorial inaugurates game-changing Lolwe Mini-Grid in Uganda [...] ENGIE Equatorial is pleased to announce that the Lolwe hybrid solar 600 kWp mini-grid, with integrated productive hub and e-mobility, has been inaugurated today on Lolwe Island, Uganda, in the presence of Uganda\u2019s Minister of Energy Hon. Ruth Nankabirwa.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Oyasi is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "Uganda is a landlocked country located in East-Central Africa in the African Great Lakes region. It is located in the Eastern Hemisphere of the Earth. As observed on the location map above, the Equator passes through Uganda. Thus, the country has territory in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Being a landlocked nation, it is bordered by neighboring countries on all sides. It shares its borders with five African countries. South Sudan bounds it to the north, Kenya to the east, Tanzania to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Rwanda to the south-west.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Remba is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "Remba Island is situated in Lake Victoria Homa Bay County on the north-south border between Kenya and Uganda. It is a small, densely populated island and home to some 20,000 people whose economy is entirely dependent on fishing. It is also home to people from all over Africa, the majority being Abasubas, Luos and the Somalis of Kenya; there are also fishermen and traders from Southern Sudan, DR Congo, Tanzania, Uganda and other African countries. Crime is inevitably high, including rape, theft, prostitution and drugs.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Banc du Geyser is a territory of France", "evidence": "In this edition of our series on territorial disputes, we turn our attention to the Banc du Geyser, a submerged reef located in the Indian Ocean between Madagascar and the French overseas territory of Mayotte. Despite its small size and remote location, the Banc du Geyser has been the subject of a long-standing dispute between France and Madagascar, highlighting the complexities of maritime boundary disputes. This post will explore the history, key players, and current status of the Banc du Geyser dispute. [...] The dispute over the Banc du Geyser dates back to the colonial era when France claimed the reef as part of its overseas territories. Madagascar, then a French colony, also claimed sovereignty over the reef based on its proximity to the island. After Madagascar gained independence in 1960, the dispute over the Banc du Geyser continued, with both countries asserting their claims to the reef. [...] The Banc du Geyser dispute is a reminder of the challenges inherent in resolving territorial disputes, particularly in remote and uninhabited areas. As we continue our series on territorial disputes around the world, we will explore other examples of conflicts over land, resources, and sovereignty, shedding light on the complexities of these issues and the potential paths towards resolution. Thank you for joining us on this journey, and we look forward to exploring more territories in future posts.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Remba is a territory of Kenya", "evidence": "Remba is a small island in the lake whose ownership, just like that of Migingo island, is disputed. Uganda and Kenya both lay claim on Remba. [...] However, Google map shows that Remba Island is in Kenya, with one of its edges touching the border with Uganda. [...] Besides Remba, other islands like Ringiti, Ngodhe, Mfangano, Rusinga and the mainland in Mbita are also notorious for illegal trade.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ringiti is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "Ringiti is a small island on Lake Victoria, a two-hour motor boat ride from the shores of Homa Bay County. PHOTO | BARACK ODUOR | NATION MEDIA GROUP [...] Ringiti Island as seen from Lake Victoria. The rocky island comprising of makeshift structures is known for lucrative fish trade. PHOTO | BARACK ODUOR | NATION MEDIA GROUP [...] In the recent past Ringiti Island has increasingly become a popular sightseeing destination for local and foreign tourists. PHOTO | BARACK ODUOR | NATION MEDIA GROUP", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ringiti is a territory of Kenya", "evidence": "RINGITI is a Kenyan school located in Mfangano Island, Mbita in Homa Bay County in Kenya. The environment is leafy and encourages visitis. 1. MUNDI 2. KYULUNGWA 3. SAWA PCU 4. KINGS AND QUEENS 5. KARATINA SPECIAL 6. KAPKIAMO 7. RABANGO 8. GICONJO INI SCH 9. TELDET 10. KIMILILI RC GIRLS 11. ST STEPHENS BULOSI RC 12. ESHIBEYE 13. NDUNYU RUMA 14. KIMAYA 15. EMATAWA 16. MOSOBETI DOK 17. NEW HIGHLIGHT 18. UTAATI 19. ALPHA CARE 20. NYAGA", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sigulu is a territory of Kenya", "evidence": "MV Sigulu makes maiden trip to Namayingo District Residents of Namayingo broke into celebration after the MV Sigulu made its maiden expedition to the isolated island district a year after undergoing trials on Lake Victoria. [...] MV Sigulu, a government undertaking, was constructed by JGH Marine, a Danish firm, at a cost of Shs16b to connect Sigulu and Lolwe Islands to Lugala mainland in Namayingo District.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sigulu is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "In May of 2010, Wings of Grace International began a new water project, placing 30 water stations on Sigulu Island in Lake Victoria, Uganda. The Island of Sigulu has numerous villages with an estimated population of 10,000 people, who tend to be fishermen, farmers, and their families. Sigulu is a beautiful island with an abundance of vegetation. Inhabitants use the water from the lake, to bathe themselves, wash their clothes, and to take their drinking water\u2026water which is not clean, as there is runoff of excrement into the same water and Bilharzia quite rampant at the shore.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Lake Victoria is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "The rising water levels in Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa, have significant environmental, social, and economic impacts on the surrounding regions. Lake Victoria is the second largest freshwater lake in the world with a lake surface area of 68,000 km2 and a total basin area of 250,000 km2. The lake is shared by Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda with only 6% of the surface area of the lake within the Kenyan territory, while Tanzania and Uganda have 51% and 43% respectively, while Lake Victoria basin is shared by five counties namely; Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi. Objectives: The key objectives of this article are to highlight the historical trends along the Lake Victoria River basin, the rising/falling water levels, the climate projections both at regional and national, the physical, environmental, social, and economic impacts of the rising water levels and key recommendations to mitigate any such future risks as a result of the floods.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Congo River is a territory of Republic of the Congo", "evidence": "Congo, officially the Republic of the Congo or Congo Republic,[a] also known as Congo-Brazzaville is a country located on the western coast of Central Africa to the west of the Congo River. It is bordered to the west by Gabon, to the northwest by Cameroon, to the northeast by the Central African Republic, to the southeast by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south by the Angolan exclave of Cabinda, and to the southwest by the Atlantic Ocean. The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes at least 3,000 years ago, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. From the 13th century the present day territory was dominated by a confederation led by Vungu which included Kakongo and Ngoyo. Loango emerged in the 16th century. Congo was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa.[13] The Republic of the Congo was established on 28 November 1958 and gained independence from France in 1960. It was a Marxist\u2013Leninist state from 1969 to 1992, under the name People's Republic of the Congo (PRC). The country has had multi-party elections since 1992, but a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War. President Denis Sassou Nguesso, who first came to power in 1979, ruled until 1992 and then again since after his reinstatement.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Congo River is a territory of Democratic Republic of Congo", "evidence": "Bantu, Sudanic, and other migrants from West and Northeastern Africa arrived in the Congo River Basin between 2000 B.C. and A.D. 500. The territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo is extremely diverse, with more than 200 ethnic groups that trace their histories to many communal organizations and kingdoms. The Kingdom of Kongo, for example, ruled the area around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. Meanwhile, the Kingdoms of Luba and Lunda, located to the south and east, were also notable political groupings in the territory and ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century. European prospectors in the Congo Basin invaded and splintered these kingdoms in the late 1800\u2019s, sponsored by King LEOPOLD II of Belgium, and the kingdoms were eventually forced to grant Leopold the rights to the Congo territory as his private property. During this period, known as the Congo Free State, the king's private colonial military forced the local population to produce rubber. From 1885 to 1908, millions of Congolese people died as a result of disease, inhumane treatment, and exploitation.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea", "evidence": "The project concerns the design of a bridge over the Ntem River along the Kribi-Campo-Bata multinational road axis to connect the Kribi-Campo and Campo-Bata road sections. This will be along the Yaounde-Bata-Brazzaville corridor, facilitating linkages between Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea. The study of the Ntem River Bridge is part of the Kribi-Campo-Bata maritime route linking the port of Kribi to Cameroon and Bata in Equatorial Guinea. The inter-capital connections study will identify missing links and determine the technical and economic feasibility of the construction of a crossing structure and the development of a single border control post at the border of Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea. It will make technical, legal and financial recommendations for the management and operation of the Yaounde-Kribi-Bata-Libreville development and corridor. [...] Equatorial Guinea - Minist\u00e8re de la Communication", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Banc du Geyser is a territory of Comoros", "evidence": "The Comoros also lays claim to the \u00celes \u00c9parses or \u00celes \u00e9parses de l\u2019oc\u00e9an indien (Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean) \u2013 Glorioso Islands, comprising Grande Glorieuse, \u00cele du Lys, Wreck Rock, South Rock, Verte Rocks (three islets) and three unnamed islets \u2013 one of France\u2019s overseas districts. The Glorioso Islands were administered by the colonial Comoros before 1975, and are therefore sometimes considered part of the Comoros Archipelago. Banc du Geyser, a former island in the Comoros Archipelago, now submerged, is geographically located in the \u00celes \u00c9parses, but was annexed by Madagascar in 1976 as an unclaimed territory. The Comoros and France each still view the Banc du Geyser as part of the Glorioso Islands and, thus, part of its particular exclusive economic zone. [...] The Comoros claims the Banc du Geyser and the Glorioso Islands as part of its exclusive economic zone.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ntem River is a territory of Cameroon", "evidence": "The Campo (Spanish: R\u00edo Campo, French: Rivi\u00e8re Ntem) or Ntem River is a border river in Cameroon, mainland Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. It rises in Gabon, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean in Cameroon in the Bight of Biafra. [...] In Spanish: R\u00edo Campo para ni\u00f1os - Communes of Cameroon", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria", "evidence": "The Okpara River is a river of Benin.[2] Originating in Borgou Department, it flows south and becomes the border between Nigeria and Benin before re-entering Benin and flowing into the Ou\u00e9m\u00e9 River, which ultimately drains into the Atlantic Ocean.[3] Several villages along the river are disputed between Benin and Nigeria.[4][5] [...] Climate [edit]Okpara River is a stream in Nigeria. It is located at an elevation of 75 meters above sea level. It has coordinates of 7\u00b045'0\" N and 2\u00b028'60\" E in DMS or 7.75 and 2.48333. The sun rises at 08:45 and sets at 20:52 local time (Africa/Lagos UTC/GMT+1). It is a Stream body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.[7] [...] - ^ \"River Okpara, Nigeria\". ng.geoview.info. Retrieved 2023-07-10.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Okpara River is a territory of Benin", "evidence": "The Okpara River is a river of Benin.[2] Originating in Borgou Department, it flows south and becomes the border between Nigeria and Benin before re-entering Benin and flowing into the Ou\u00e9m\u00e9 River, which ultimately drains into the Atlantic Ocean.[3] Several villages along the river are disputed between Benin and Nigeria.[4][5] [...] Climate [edit]Okpara River is a stream in Nigeria. It is located at an elevation of 75 meters above sea level. It has coordinates of 7\u00b045'0\" N and 2\u00b028'60\" E in DMS or 7.75 and 2.48333. The sun rises at 08:45 and sets at 20:52 local time (Africa/Lagos UTC/GMT+1). It is a Stream body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.[7] [...] - ^ \"Okpara River, Benin - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates\". geographic.org. Retrieved 2023-08-08.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Orange River is a territory of South Africa", "evidence": "The Orange River (from Afrikaans/Dutch: Oranjerivier) is a river in Southern Africa. It is the longest river in South Africa. With a total length of 2,432 km (1,511 mi), the Orange River Basin extends from Lesotho into South Africa and Namibia to the north. It rises in the Drakensberg mountains in Lesotho, flowing westwards through South Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. The river forms part of the international borders between South Africa and Lesotho and between South Africa and Namibia, as well as several provincial borders within South Africa. Except for Upington, it does not pass through any major cities. The Orange River plays an important role in the South African economy by providing water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The river was named the Orange River in honour of the Dutch ruling family, the House of Orange, by the Dutch explorer Robert Jacob Gordon. [...] - Map of portion of Orange River basin forming part of South Africa - \"Seeing Orange in the Kalahari\", article and astronaut photo at NASA Earth Observatory, July 18, 2021 - Information on the Orange River from the South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry - Rivers of Lesotho - Orange River - Geography of \u01c1Karas Region - Internal borders of South Africa - International rivers of Africa - Karoo - Lesotho\u2013South Africa border - Namibia\u2013South Africa border - Ramsar sites in Namibia - Ramsar sites in South Africa - Rivers of Namibia - Rivers of the Eastern Cape - Rivers of the Free State (province)", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Orange River is a territory of Namibia", "evidence": "The Orange River, is one of Namibia\u2019s major rivers, it rises in the Drakensberg in Lesotho, where it is known as the Senqu River. From where the river leaves Lesotho, it flows westward for some 2200km to where it finally flows into the Atlantic Ocean at Oranjemund. At the source of the Orange River the rain fall is approximately 2000mm per annum and decreases as the river flows westward. At its mouth the rainfall is less than 50 mm per annum. Evaporation, on the other hand, increases in a westerly direction. The total catchment of the Orange River extends over 973 000 square km, however is situated mostly outside the country in Lesotho and Botswana. Eskom of South Africa operates hydro-electric power-stations at both the Gariep and the Vanderkloof Dams. The hydro-electric power station at the Vanderkloof Dam was the first power-generation station in South Africa situated entirely underground.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Rukwanzi Island is a territory of Democratic Republic of Congo", "evidence": "The Lake Albert victims found themselves in the wrong place on an afternoon of heightened tensions. Rukwanzi island, at the heart of the lake, is territory claimed by both Uganda and DRC. The disputed border between the countries runs right through the middle, an area which is estimated to contain over one billion barrels of oil. The passenger ferry with 50 Congolese on board left Rukwanzi for a scheduled crossing to Kasenyi at around 1pm, just as the Heritage boat was being apprehended by the UN. [...] Residents of Rukwanzi told Corporate Watch on a visit to the island in 2009 that the families of the dead had been promised $100 in compensation by the Congolese authorities but that the money never arrived. Attitudes towards Uganda have hardened, while many are concerned offshore oil drilling will affect the fishing industry. [...] 13.00 Passenger ferry carrying 50 Congolese leaves Rukwanzi for a scheduled crossing to Kasenyi.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Rukwanzi Island is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "Forumists, 1/7 When one takes a closer look at the open source satellite imagery of the Uganda/DRC border, it seems that Rukwanzi Island is not part of Uganda. The Island appears to be 0.89 km inside DRC territory. This is according to Google Earth imagery (provided by among others, NASA). Look at the attachment to this message showing two Google Earth extracts of the Lake Mwitanzige (Albert) basin taken at different altitudes, very close to the mouth of River Semliki. The yellow line is the international boundary with DRC. [...] 5/7 There were several press reports indicating that locals in the lake basin know the island to be on the Uganda side because they have always fished there. This is only testimony to the inconveniences that Berlin borders have visited upon communities in frontier zones but not a confirmation of where Rukwanzi belongs. All of us know the Kitgum frontier zone with Sudan: it is called Ngom Orom, i.e., the land that belongs to all, or put differently, to-whom-it-may-concern-territory. [...] 7/7 It may be dangerous for us to assume that Rukwanzi is in Uganda, when it may not be. We should not hope that DRC authorities will remain as sleepy as they have been for many years. If we are right, it may be advisable that, Google Maps is alerted to the extent to which it is misrepresenting the country\u2019s frontiers: if a DRC researcher looks at that map the way it is now, it may be a source of embarrasment. A bid by Uganda to swallow that bead could easily cause severe choking.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Semliki River is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "Also referred to as Semuliki, River Semliki is the main River on the border of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo and is about 140 kilometers (87 miles) long. With its source in Lake Edward (in Queen Elizabeth National Park on the Uganda-DRC border) and mouth in Lake Albert, River Semliki flows northwards within the Albertine Rift, west of the snow-capped Rwenzori Mountains. Along the lower banks of this River, it forms part of the International border between Bundibugyo District in western Uganda, near Semliki Forest National Park and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This river powers its waters into Lake Albert, west of the border in Orientale Province of Congo. [...] After leaving Virunga, River Semliki flows underneath another road connecting the Democratic Republic of Congo settlement of Oicha, through several settlements within the Semliki Valley, lying west of the Uganda-DRC border as well as Bundibugyo district (in Uganda) and along the western border of Semliki Forest National Park in Uganda. After leaving Semliki National Park, it nears the Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve before flowing west of the International border and also entering the southern end of Lake Albert at the spot southeast of Bunia (in DRC). [...] The Semliki River and Forest is inhabited by the Bakonzo and Bamba people who are mainly cultivators and the Batuku who are generally pastoralists as well as some Batwa pygmies who mainly survive on the waters of the meandering river. All these tribes have interesting cultures and customs that can be enjoyed during Uganda safaris.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Semliki River is a territory of Democratic Republic of Congo", "evidence": "Semliki River is a major river, 140 kilometres (87 mi) long,[3] in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda in Central and East Africa. It flows north from Lake Edward in Beni Territory, Nord-Kivu, D.R.C avoiding the Rwenzori Mountains on its Right (East), emptying into Lake Albert in the Albertine Rift, Irumu Territory, Ituri Province, D.R.C overlooking the Blue Mountains to its left in the west. Its mouth is near the Village of Katolingo in Kanara subcounty, Ntoroko district, Uganda.[4] Along its lower reaches, it meanders extensively forming part of the international border between the DRC and the western Ugandan districts of Bundibugyo and Ntoroko, near the Semuliki National Park.[4] [...] Course [edit]The Semliki begins near Ishango, DRC, at the northern end of Lake Edward and soon enters Virunga National Park, through which it flows over much of its upper course. The A-109 road between Mpondwe, Uganda, and Beni, DRC, is on the right, sometimes nearby and sometimes at a distance, as the river meanders through the park. Slightly southeast of Beni, the river passes under the A-109 road and continues north. At this point, the stream is west of Mount Baker (Kiyanja) in Rwenzori Mountains National Park in Uganda.[4]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sindabezi Island is a territory of Zimbabwe", "evidence": "Sindabezi is a private island paradise nestled in the waters of the Zambezi River just upstream from the Victoria Falls. Sindabezi provides superb views over the floodplain and an opportunity to see wildlife in the surrounding national park. The unique design of the five tented chalets allows close-up encounters with all the sights and sounds of the river and the creatures who live in and around it. [...] There is a stunning \u2018Honeymoon\u2019 chalet on a secluded sandy shore at the end of the island. The brand new, old-fashioned claw-foot bath is perfect for two and solar panelling provides hot water and ambient bedside lighting. The entire Sindabezi Island is also romantically lit with traditional hurricane lamps and candles.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Bassas da India is a territory of France", "evidence": "Bassas da India is an uninhabited, roughly circular French atoll that is part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. Located in the southern Mozambique Channel, about halfway between Mozambique and Madagascar (about 385 km [239 mi] further east) and around 110 km (68 mi) northwest of Europa Island, the rim of the atoll averages around 100 metres (330 ft) in width and encloses a shallow lagoon of depth no greater than 15 m (49 ft). Overall, the atoll is about 10 km (6.2 mi) in diameter, rising steeply from the seabed 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) below to encircle an area (including lagoon) of 80 km2 (31 sq mi). Its exclusive economic zone (EEZ), 123,700 km2 (47,800 sq mi) in size, is contiguous with that of Europa Island. [...] Mooring at Bassas da India requires a permit from the French Government. Fishing without such a permit may result in the boat being expelled or even confiscated. The Bassas da India was first recorded by Portuguese explorers in the early sixteenth century as the \"Baixo da Judia\" (\"Jewess Shoals\"). The Judia (\"Jewess\", for the ancestry of its owner Fern\u00e3o de Loronha) was the Portuguese ship that discovered the feature by running aground on it in 1506. The name became \"Bassas da India\" due to transcription errors by cartographers. The Santiago broke up on the shoal in 1585.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Sindabezi Island is a territory of Zambia", "evidence": "Discover Sindabezi Island, your private sanctuary on the Zambezi River, just a stone\u2019s throw from Victoria Falls. Elevated chalets merge modern comforts with local charm, illuminated by traditional lamps under a starlit sky. A unique blend of nature and luxury awaits in this intimate Zambian retreat. [...] Sindabezi Island, located on the Zambezi River, offers a unique and intimate accommodation experience in Zambia\u2019s Mosi-Oa-Tunya National Park. This private island retreat features five open-sided thatched chalets, each overlooking the river, providing unparalleled views and a deep connection to the surrounding wilderness. [...] Highlighting its commitment to sustainability, Sindabezi Island adopts various eco-friendly practices, ensuring minimal impact on the environment while providing guests with a unique and unforgettable experience. The island seamlessly marries luxury with sustainability, creating a haven for those seeking an authentic Zambian retreat.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Somalia", "evidence": "Zanella explained that fishing is the foundation of livelihoods here, and Socotri have always lived close to the sea. While most Socotri now live in small coastal villages and towns, more than 30 caves have been discovered on the island. And here in the north, those such as Hoq Cave, the largest on Socotra, have historically provided safe shelter from both the unforgivingly high summer temperatures and strong monsoons in winter. Despite living only 2km from the town of Qalansiyah, Ellai still chooses to live in a cave, and in many ways, Zanella explained, he is something of a living testament to the way ancient Socotri once lived on this far-flung island. Marooned between Somalia and Yemen where the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean meet, the Socotra archipelago is one of the most isolated continental fragments on Earth \u2013 a piece of Africa adrift at sea. The high proportion of endemic flora here have led some to label this Unesco World Heritage site the \"Galapagos of the Indian Ocean\". More than one-third of Socotra's 825 plant species and 90% of its reptile species don't live anywhere else in the world, and gazing up at the islands' surreal, umbrella-like dragon's blood trees and down at thousands of bright blue and red freshwater crabs that scurry in the twilight, it can feel like you're on another planet.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Socotra Archipelago is a territory of Yemen", "evidence": "It seems quite unlikely that the TCS coup could have taken place without the prior approval of Riyadh. Did the Emirates make a deal with their allies whereby the separatists could take over Socotra? In any case, this is the belief of the Committee elected by the peaceful sit-in on the Socotra Archipelago, assembling the island\u2019s tribal dignitaries. The movement held a meeting on 25 March 2021 at Halaa Deedom in a cave in the range of coastal mountains. Huge rugs were laid on the ground for the event. Elders and younger men greeted one another rubbing noses. In whispers they spoke of \"the occupation, outside interferences and the militias.\" A banner was unfurled: \"Socotra is part of Yemen and will be forever\". On the beach below, kettles of cooking meat attracted a sky full of big vultures. Ali Saad finally arrived, wearing his red turban. The engineer got a warm welcome. After making the rounds of the guests, he stood up and gazed at the horizon with a worried look on his face. Several men in fatigues, carrying Kalashnikovs, were coming towards the cave. Down below, several police pick-ups were waiting.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Tromelin Island is a territory of Mauritius", "evidence": "Tromelin Island (\u00cele Tromelin) is a low, flat French Island in the Indian Ocean about 500 km (310 mi) north of R\u00e9union and about 450 km (280 mi) east of Madagascar. Tromelin is administered as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French Overseas Territory, but Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island. [...] Tromelin is administered as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French Overseas Territory, but Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island despite its absence in the listing of the 8th article of the 1814 Paris Treaty. Indeed, the treaty does not specifically mention all the dependencies of Mauritius, which leads to uncertainty on the sovereignty of Tromelin, and the official text was the most clearly text in French. [...] It is a matter of dispute whether the building agreement transferred sovereignty of Tromelin from one to the other, and Mauritius claims the island as part of its territory, on the grounds that France did not retain its sovereignty over island in 1814, which was de facto part of the colony of Mauritius at the time of independence. Indeed, as early as 1959, even before independence, Mauritius informed the World Meteorological Organization that it considered Tromelin to be part of its territory. A co-management treaty was reached by France and Mauritius in 2010, but has not been ratified.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Tromelin Island is a territory of France", "evidence": "Tromelin Island is a low, flat, island in the Indian Ocean about 500 kilometres north of R\u00e9union, and about 450 kilometres east of Madagascar. Tromelin is administered as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French overseas territory; however, Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island, on grounds of its absence in the listing of the 8th article of the French version of the 1814 Paris Treaty. France and Mauritius have been negotiating for years in regard to the possible establishment of a condominium over the island.Tromelin has facilities for scientific expeditions and a weather station. It is a nesting site for birds and green sea turtles. Download Download See moreWikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromelin_Island", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Wadi Halfa is a territory of Sudan", "evidence": "Wadi Halfa is a located in the northern region of Sudan, on the banks of Lake Nubia. It has a long and rich history dating back to ancient times. Here\u2019s a brief overview of the history of Wadi Halfa: [...] Colonial period: During the colonial period, Wadi Halfa became an important center for trade and transportation. It was a major port on the Nile River and was used as a staging point for expeditions into the Sudanese interior. Independence: Sudan gained independence from Britain in 1956, and Wadi Halfa became an important center for trade and transportation in the new nation. It was also a key strategic location during the civil war that took place in Sudan in the 1980s and 1990s.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Wadi Halfa is a territory of Egypt", "evidence": "The Wadi Halfa Salient, named after Wadi Halfa, a nearby Sudanese city 22 kilometers south of the border, is a salient of the international border between Egypt and the Sudan along the Nile River to the north. The area is currently controlled by Egypt. The area (along with the Halaib Triangle and Bir Tawil) is created by two different definitions of the Egypt\u2013Sudan border: the \"political boundary\" set in 1899, and the \"administrative boundary\" set in 1902.[1] [...] Besides the Wadi Halfa Salient, there are two more areas where the administrative border deviated from the 22nd degree north of latitude, both to the east of Wadi Halfa: the Halaib Triangle on the Red Sea coast, north of the original 1899 border, and the much smaller area around Bir Tawil, south of the original border. [...] Geography [edit]The Wadi Halfa Salient is roughly 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) wide and stretches finger-shaped on both sides of the original course of the Nile 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the north into Egyptian territory, with a total area of 210 km2 (81 sq mi). Because of the construction of the Aswan Dam and the flooding of Lake Nasser most of the area was flooded, affecting most of the villages of the area and the ancient city of Faras. Some of the people were resettled to New Halfa in the Butana region.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Australia", "evidence": "The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands[1] is an uninhabited Australian external territory[2] consisting of four low-lying tropical islands in two separate reefs (Ashmore and Cartier), as well as the 12nmi territorial sea generated by the islands. The territory is located in the Indian Ocean situated on the edge of the continental shelf, about 320km (200miles) off the northwest coast of Australia and 144km (89miles) south of the Indonesian island of Rote.[3] [...] A British order-in-council dated 23 July 1931 stated that Ashmore and Cartier Islands would be placed under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia when Australia passed legislation to accept them, and formal administration began two years later.[14] The Commonwealth's resulting Ashmore and Cartier Islands Acceptance Act 1933 came into operation on 10 May 1934, when the islands formally became a territory. The act authorised the Governor of Western Australia to make ordinances for the territory. In July 1938 the territory was annexed to the Northern Territory, then also administered by the Commonwealth, whose laws, ordinances and regulations applied to the Northern Territory. When self-government was granted to the Northern Territory on 1 July 1978, administration of Ashmore and Cartier Islands was retained by the Commonwealth.[3] [15] [...] Defence of Ashmore and Cartier Islands is the responsibility of Australia, with periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy, Royal Australian Air Force and the Australia Border Force.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia", "evidence": "The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands[1] is an uninhabited Australian external territory[2] consisting of four low-lying tropical islands in two separate reefs (Ashmore and Cartier), as well as the 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial sea generated by the islands.[3] The territory is located in the Indian Ocean situated on the edge of the continental shelf, about 320 km (199 mi) off the northwest coast of Australia and 144 km (89 mi) south of the Indonesian island of Rote.[3] [...] Indonesian heritage and memorandum [edit]Ashmore has been regularly visited and fished by Indonesian fishermen since the early eighteenth century. A 1974 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Australia and Indonesia sets out arrangements by which traditional fishers can access resources in Australia's territorial sea in the region. This allows traditional Indonesian fishermen to access parts of Ashmore for shelter, freshwater and to visit grave sites. The area, known as the MOU Box, contains the Ashmore and Cartier Islands Territory.[18] [...] - Geoscience Australia\u2014Ashmore and Cartier Islands - Department of the Environment and Heritage\u2014Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve - Department of the Environment and Heritage\u2014Cartier Island Commonwealth Marine Reserve - First on list of Australian islands - \"Ashmore Reef Belongs to Indonesia,\" posted on East Timor Action Network. [1]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Aarsal is a territory of Syria", "evidence": "Arsal (also spelled Aarsal, Ersal or 'Irsal; Arabic: \u0639\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644), is a town and municipality situated east of Labweh, 124 kilometres (77 mi) northeast of Beirut, in Baalbek District of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon.[2] The population is predominantly Sunni Muslim. [...] History [edit]In 1838, Eli Smith noted 'Arsal as a Metawileh village in the Baalbek area.[9] Syrian Civil War [edit]On 17 September 2012, Syrian ground-attack aircraft fired three missiles 500 metres (1,600 ft) over the border into Lebanese territory near Arsal. It was suggested that the jets were chasing rebels in the vicinity. The attack prompted Lebanese president Michel Sleiman to launch an investigation, whilst not publicly blaming Syria for the incident.[10]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports President Joe Biden has visited the U.S.-Southern Border more than once", "evidence": "Biden visited the border for the first time since becoming president in January 2023, according to the Texas Tribune.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Joe Biden claimed in an interview that there was no evidence that what Hunter did was wrong", "evidence": "FACT: Evidence reveals then-Vice President Biden spoke, dined, and had coffee with Hunter Biden\u2019s foreign business associates. The FBI\u2019s recorded interview with Rob Walker, a Biden family associate, also reveals Joe Biden attended a meeting about CEFC, a Chinese entity. Additionally, Hunter Biden alleged his father was in the room when he demanded payment from a CEFC associate. [...] Joe Biden: \"And it turns out, [Hunter] didn\u2019t do a single thing wrong as everybody has investigated.\" [...] Joe Biden: \"You know that there\u2019s not one single bit of evidence. Not one little, tiny bit to suggest that anything done was wrong.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "purports WEF founder Klaus Schwab openly called for AI technology to replace democratic elections", "evidence": "A video shared on Instagram purports World Economic Forum (WEF) founder and executive chairperson Klaus Schwab openly called for artificial intelligence (AI) technology to replace democratic elections. [...] \"WEF Chairman Klaus Schwab openly calls for AI technology to replace democratic elections!\" text overlay on the video, liked over 2,000 times, purports. The video features a clip of Schwab speaking in which he appears to say future elections will not be needed as a result of technological advancements. A watermark included on the clip indicates it was shown during an episode of Alex Jones\u2019 show, \"Info Wars.\" [...] Likewise, Check Your Fact found no credible news reports supporting the claim Schwab openly called for AI technology to replace democratic elections. The WEF also has neither repeated the claim via its website nor its verified social media accounts. In addition, Schwab has not publicly addressed the claim. (RELATED: No, Klaus Schwab Does Not Have A Personal Logo That Looks Like The CIA\u2019s Logo)", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "purports WEF founder Klaus Schwab openly called for AI technology to replace democratic elections", "evidence": "World Economic Forum founder and chairman Klaus Schwab is also a former steering committee member at Bilderberg (AFP/Getty)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "it is illegal for people with concealed carry permits to wear face masks in Pennsylvania", "evidence": "The cited Pennsylvania statute does not appear to exist. A spokesperson for the Pennsylvania State Police confirmed that there is no prohibition on individuals with concealed carry permits wearing masks during the coronavirus pandemic.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Whoopi Goldberg \u201clost everything\u201d in a lawsuit to Jason Aldean", "evidence": "CLAIM: Country music star Jason Aldean has sued Whoopi Goldberg and ABC\u2019s \"The View\" for defamation in relation to his song, \"Try That In A Small Town.\" [...] \"Jason Aldean SUES Whoopi Goldberg For Defaming \u2018Small Town\u2019 Song, The View Enters PANIC MODE,\" reads the title of a YouTube video that garnered more than 1.5 million views. The video cites as evidence a story with a similar headline, reading: \"Jason Aldean Files Defamation Suit Against Whoopi and The View: \u2018I\u2019m No Racist.\u2019\" The story claims the lawsuit is seeking $40 million.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that President George Washington once said, \"Government is not reason; it is not eloquence; it is force. Like fire, it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master.\"", "evidence": "Fake olds: 'Government is not reason, it is not eloquence\u2014it is force' is probably not a real George Washington quote [...] Like fire it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master; never for a moment should it be left to irresponsible action. [...] Given this, it would have been odd for someone to say \"Like fire it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master,\" with negative qualifiers both for servant and master, when the proverb had a positive for the servant but a negative for the master. Of course, the point of the proverb was that fire is indeed dangerous\u2014but the dangerousness was conveyed by implication from \"bad master\" and was counterposed to the value stressed by \"good servant.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "purports the Department of Defense pays for troops' abortions", "evidence": "U.S. Military Will Pay for Troops to Travel for Abortions [...] The Pentagon will begin paying for troops and their family members to travel for abortions, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin announced in a memo outlining several policy changes and directives designed to ensure the military community retains access to reproductive healthcare following the Supreme Court\u2019s repeal of Roe v. Wade. [...] A RAND study released in September said 40 percent of active-duty female troops in the continental United States are stationed in states where abortion is illegal or severely restricted. The federal government is prohibited from using taxpayer money to pay for abortions directly, except in cases in which the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest, or the life of the mother is endangered. Between 2016 and 2021, 91 such abortions were performed at military treatment facilities, a second defense official said.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "purports the Department of Defense pays for troops' abortions", "evidence": "After the Supreme Court\u2019s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women\u2019s Health Organization landed last year, ending the federal right to an abortion, the Biden administration issued new rules to assist service members and military dependents who had to travel across state lines for abortion services. However, House members voted 221-213 Thursday night to pass an amendment eliminating these abortion provisions from the 2024 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), the annual defense spending bill. It was part of a hotly contested debate over the bill, which ultimately passed Friday along partisan lines, 219 to 210. The amendment, introduced by Republican Rep. Ronny Jackson of Texas, prohibits the Defense Department from paying or reimbursing expenses related to abortion services. Jackson argued that the Biden administration\u2019s move to pay for service members\u2019 out-of-state travel expenses related to abortion care was a violation of federal law that restricts the department from funding abortions.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The New Republic claimed in an article that the Manhattan District Attorney\u2019s office determined a Trump Tower doorman was paid $30,000 to hide a story about former President Donald Trump\u2019s out of wedlock child.", "evidence": "Alvin Bragg: The Manhattan district attorney investigating Donald Trump [...] His office has been investigating an alleged hush money settlement between Donald Trump and an adult film star. [...] The Republican ex-president vehemently denies wrongdoing. He took to his own social media platform to say that he does not expect to have a fair trial in New York.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Harvard professor Charles Lieber was arrested for manufacturing and selling the new coronavirus to China", "evidence": "A conspiracy-centric Facebook chat show claims US chemist Charles Lieber listed a patent for a device in 2015 that could vibrate coronavirus particles with 5G radiation. [...] The Harvard professor was arrested and charged in 2020, following a US Department of Justice investigation into his links with Chinese researchers. A jury found him guilty of six charges in December 2021. [...] AAP FactCheck previously debunked claims Lieber was arrested for manufacturing and selling coronavirus to China.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The military arrested the FEMA deputy administrator", "evidence": "The claim stems from a satirical website. Hoofs has not been arrested, a Department of Defense spokesperson confirmed in an email to Check Your Fact.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The military arrested the FEMA deputy administrator", "evidence": "A top FEMA official sent to Puerto Rico to oversee power restoration arrested in corruption probe Former top FEMA officials who worked in Puerto Rico during the island's recovery from Hurricane Maria were arrested on Tuesday in a federal corruption investigation. The investigation centers around alleged bribes that secured a $1.8 billion contract to repair Puerto Rico's damaged electrical grid. Federal authorities arrested Ahsha Tribble, FEMA's former deputy regional administrator, who worked in Puerto Rico after the storm, and Donald Keith Ellison, former president of energy company Cobra Acquisitions. Jovanda Patterson, who worked as Tribble's chief of staff, was also arrested.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The military arrested the FEMA deputy administrator", "evidence": "The person in the TikTok video points to an article, headlined \"Military Arrests FEMA Deputy Administrator Eric Hooks,\" as evidence. But the article is from Real Raw News, a website that regularly publishes fabricated stories and includes a disclaimer that it \"contains humor, parody and satire.\" PolitiFact previously debunked the headline of the same story, about the arrest. [...] Real Raw News, \"Military Arrests FEMA Deputy Administrator Eric Hooks,\" Aug. 22, 2023 [...] PolitiFact, \"The military didn\u2019t arrest FEMA Deputy Administrator Erik Hooks, despite online claims,\" Aug. 24, 2023", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "NFL refused Kaepernick\u2019s request play and told him to sell hair products instead", "evidence": "Kaepernick's camp maintained that he had been out of work for three full seasons for reasons nothing to do with football and everything to do with his politics regarding social justice and his on-field protests. Still, the NFL's strategy in approaching Kaepernick was to concentrate narrowly on football. To sources both outside the league office and the Kaepernick team, this was the NFL's first mistake; the only way to get Kaepernick and the league to trust each other was to confront their acrimonious history with diplomacy so both sides might more easily believe the other was entering the workout with legitimate motives. \"To say we're going to make this about football is one of the dumbest things you can say,\" a source close to the situation says. \"It's not a big deal, it's the whole deal, because the reason he's not playing isn't about football. Everyone knows he can play. It's the other stuff. You have to deal with the other stuff.\" [...] The NFL rejected the Kaepernick team's request to change the dates. The Kaepernick team thought the offer took on a \"take it or leave it\" characteristic. The tone of the call felt procedural. According to sources from the Kaepernick team, Gardi said he was not authorized to make alterations to the offer. He was, in effect, delivering a message.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that Warren Buffett once said, \"You will continue to suffer if you have an emotional reaction to everything that is said to you.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller found no evidence that Buffett said this quote, though it has been linked to him since a parody account tweeted it in 2018.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle said, \"The place where your talent meets the world\u2019s needs is the job God has in mind for you.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence that Aristotle authored this statement. It may actually be a line from a 1954 high school graduation speaker.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Charles Darwin said, \"In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment.\"", "evidence": "Proctor & Gamble \u2013 Business Sphere and Decision Cockpits \"In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment.\" With this quote, Charles Darwin clearly defined today\u2019s business analytics imperative. In this posting we illustrate a best-in-class Analytics Innovation Case Study at P&G. The case study illustrates the way Business Analytics is becoming more central as retail and CPG decision making speeds up. [...] - Comminity Banks (5) [...] - Goldman Sachs (1)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims Charles Darwin said, \"In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment.\"", "evidence": "Category Archives: Charles Darwin [...] History Textbook? Anonymous? Dear Quote Investigator: While reading a newspaper article I saw the following statement attributed to the famous scientist Charles Darwin: In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment. The article cited \"On the \u2026 [...] Leon C. Megginson? Clarence Darrow? Apocryphal? Question for Quote Investigator: The following statement is often attributed to the famous scientist Charles Darwin, but I am skeptical: It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is most adaptable to change. Shortened \u2026", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims Jonathan Swift said, \"A love without esteem is capricious and volatile; esteem without love is languid and cold.\"", "evidence": "Jonathan Swift, John Hawkesworth, Deane Swift (1768). \"Letters Written By The Late Jonathan Swift, D. D. Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin; And Several Of His Friends: From The Year 1703 To 1740\", p.174 Jonathan Swift (1768). \"The works of Dr. Jonathan Swift ...: With the author's life and character; notes, historical, critical, and explanatory; tables of contents, and indexes. More complete than any preceding edition ... Accurately corrected by the best editions\", p.153 Jonathan Swift (1761). \"The Works of Dr Jonathan Swift, Dean of St Patrick's, Dublin. Accurately Corrected by the Best Editions. With the Author's Life and Character; Notes Historical, Critical, and Explanatory; Tables of Contents, and Indexes. More Complete Than Any Preceding Edition. In Eight Volumes\", p.388", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims Jonathan Swift said, \"A love without esteem is capricious and volatile; esteem without love is languid and cold.\"", "evidence": "Quote of the Day: \"As love without esteem is capricious and volatile; esteem without love is languid and cold.\" \u2013 Jonathan Swift", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims Thomas Jefferson said, \"Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude.\"", "evidence": "A more complete version of this quote is \"Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude.\" [...] There is a story about a guy who had the right mental attitude. He worked for Apple, but the program he was working on was canceled. He still wanted to make it work, so he kept showing up, even though he was no longer on the payroll. Yes, he believed in his project so much that he was doing the work for free. [...] From: Twitter, @Smart_Quotes confirmed at : http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/t/thomasjeff120994.html", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims Thomas Jefferson said, \"Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude.\"", "evidence": "Nothing can stop the man with right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude.Thomas JeffersonThe Author of this QuoteAuthorThomas JeffersonThird president of the US, historian, and philosopher.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Oliver Cromwell said, \"Not only strike while the iron is hot, but make it hot by striking.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Oliver Cromwell Say, \u2018Not Only Strike While The Iron Is Hot, But Make It Hot By Striking\u2019? An image shared on Facebook claims that British military leader Oliver Cromwell said, \"Not only strike while the iron is hot, but make it hot by striking.\" [...] Quote Investigator traced the earliest close match back to a 1782 letter penned by founding father Benjamin Franklin to Welsh preacher and philosopher Richard Price. Franklin wrote, \"And we now find that it is not only right to strike while the Iron is hot, but that it is very practicable to heat it by continual Striking.\" (RELATED: Did Benjamin Franklin Say This Quote About Avoiding Tyranny?)", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Oliver Cromwell said, \"Not only strike while the iron is hot, but make it hot by striking.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller found no record of the quote in Cromwell\u2019s speeches or letters.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "former President Donald Trump claimed he won the state of Nevada in the 2016 and 2020 elections", "evidence": "According to the state\u2019s official election results, Trump lost Nevada in both 2016 and 2020.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Nikki Haley claims 1 in 6 American families can't afford their utility bill", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Nikki Haley Claims 1 In 6 American Families Can\u2019t Afford Their Utility Bill In a recent interview with Trinity Broadcasting Network, 2024 presidential hopeful and former South Carolina Republican Gov. Nikki Haley claimed one in six American families can\u2019t afford their utility bill. [...] During her conversation with Trinity Broadcasting Network\u2019s Scott Brown, Haley claimed one in six American families can\u2019t afford their utility bill. \"Let\u2019s first start with the economy. I mean you\u2019ve got 60% of Americans living paycheck to paycheck. You know, one in six American families can\u2019t afford their utility bill,\" Haley said.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Nikki Haley claims 1 in 6 American families can't afford their utility bill", "evidence": "Haley on CBS This Morning \u2013 American Families Need Relief \"They can't afford groceries, they can't afford gas, one in six American families can't pay their utility bill. Half of American families can't afford diapers. The inflation issue is real. Americans want someone who can understand they need more cash in their pocket. They want transparency in schools, they want law and order, they want a secure border, and they want a national security that's going to keep Americans safe... I'm going to talk about what real American families want to talk about. That's the fact that they're hurting right now and we need to give them some relief.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims a \"huge percentage\" of deported Salvadorans were murdered or harmed upon being deported back to El Salvador", "evidence": "Those 4000 deportees, and we\u2019ll move quickly now in our timeline, have now become 60,000 gang members. They are now present in all 14 states of El Salvador. After years of disregarding the problem, and hard line measures taken since 2003 to address it (when repression was thought to be the avenue to a solution, though each year only proved to show that repression increased gang violence in terms of homicides and gang numbers), these failed policies left El Salvador with the highest murder rate in the world by 2009. The rate was of 71 homicides per 100,000 people. [...] Of course, this primarily affects the young in the rural areas. The marginalized are dominated by the gangs. 50 to 60 percent of Salvadorans live in these areas. The people in these areas are facing a war. The young, those between 9 and 17 years old that aren\u2019t involved in gangs, are caught in the crossfire. The police see them as gang members and treat them as such. There have been cases of extra-judicial executions of people that weren\u2019t gang members. Then also, there are the pressures and threats from the gang itself to join. These young people live between two powerful and violent forces. They have no choice but to resign themselves to a hard life of uncertainty, closed off inside their homes, with miserable wages\u2014or try to flee the country in search of a better life.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that founding father John Adams once said, \"In my many years, I have come to a conclusion that one useless man is a shame, two is a law firm, and three or more is a Congress.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence that Adams ever made this statement. It was said, however, by the fictional Adams in the 1969 musical \u201c1776.\u201d", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk claims the earth is flat", "evidence": "The claim: Image shows Elon Musk tweeting that the Earth is flat [...] - Elon Musk, accessed March 16, Search of Elon Musk's tweets containing \"the world is flat\" - PolitiTweet, accessed March 16, Elon Musk - Business Insider, Dec. 27, 2022, SpaceX history: 13 of the biggest moments for Elon Musk's 20-year-old company - SpaceX, accessed March 16, Mission - Elon Musk, April 5, 2021, Tweet - Elon Musk, Nov. 28, 2017, Tweet - PolitiFact, March 13, Earth is round and Elon Musk didn\u2019t say it was flat - Reuters, March 14, Fact Check-Fabricated Elon Musk tweet claims Earth is flat - Check Your Fact, March 16, Fact check: Did Elon Musk tweet that the Earth is flat?", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Barbara Walters wrote long statement criticizing Jane Fonda for visiting North Vietnam", "evidence": "The claim: Barbara Walters wrote viral commentary accusing Jane Fonda of treason during the Vietnam War [...] We rate the claim that Barbara Walters wrote an inaccurate commentary condemning actress Jane Fonda as FALSE because it is not supported by our research. Misinformation about Fonda\u2019s actions in Vietnam has been circulating for 20 years. Despite fact-checkers and the veterans named in the hoax\u2019s many efforts to correct it, it's continued to circulate and evolve. It's resurfaced many times with new fabricated details that are relevant to current events, whether it be Barack Obama\u2019s fictional honoring of Fonda or a misattribution to Walters. [...] - Check Your Fact, \"Fact Check: Did Barbara Walters Author This Statement Criticizing Jane Fonda For Visiting North Vietnam?\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Emergency Loans for U.S. Citizens get up to $5,000", "evidence": "A post shared on social media purports the Federal Government made $5,000 of emergency loans available for U.S. citizens. [...] The Facebook post purports $5,000 loans are available to American citizens. The post shares a photo of Biden and members of congress applauding. \"Emergency loans program is finally open!\" The caption reads, \"American people needed this stimulus again! Emergency loans are finally available to the U.S. Citizens up to $5,000 even with poor credit. The process is very simple and only takes 2 minutes to find out. It\u2019s absolutely a no-brainer to take advantage of this opportunity today! Tap the button to see how much you get.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk has permanently banned AOC from Twitter", "evidence": "If Your Time is short - Elon Musk didn\u2019t ban U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., from Twitter. Her accounts are active. Twitter CEO Elon Musk didn\u2019t ban U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., from the social media platform despite recent claims circulating online. [...] Twitter, Elon Musk starts banning critical journalists from Twitter / The reporters have tweeted about his private jet recently, Dec. 16, 2023 @AOC, visited March 9, 2023 @RepAOC, visited March 9, 2023", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk has permanently banned AOC from Twitter", "evidence": "- Elon Musk and Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez got into another tiff on Twitter on Thursday night. [...] Elon Musk and Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez are in another Twitter spat. [...] Musk and Ocasio-Cortez have had several tense exchanges on Twitter. In April, Ocasio-Cortez called Musk a \"billionaire with an ego problem\" who only bought Twitter \"because Tucker Carlson or Peter Thiel took him to dinner and made him feel special.\" In response, Musk tweeted: \"Stop hitting on me, I'm really shy.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Lee Majors bequeathed $6 million to President Donald Trump's 2020 reelection campaign", "evidence": "The Dec. 25 article, which was published by AJUAnews.com, claims Majors died from complications during a Penuma surgical procedure. (Penuma is a kind of penile implant.) It also claims the actor, who has starred in movies like \"The Six Million Dollar Man\" and \"Scrooged,\" left $6 million for President Donald Trump\u2019s re-election campaign in his will. [...] AJUAnews.com, \"\u2018Bionic Man\u2019 Lee Majors Dead At 83;$6 Million Left To Trump 2020,\" Dec. 25, 2019 [...] Conservative Tears, \"\u2018Bionic Man\u2019 Lee Majors Dead At 83;$6 Million Left To Trump 2020\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "purports 156 House Republicans voted to raise the retirement age for Social Security to 70", "evidence": "A post shared on Facebook purports 156 House Republicans voted to raise the retirement age for Social Security to 70. [...] The claim is misleading. The remarks stems from a Feb. 13 tweet from Social Security Works, who shared the same list as the Facebook post. \"It\u2019s not just Rick Scott. 156 House Republicans released a plan to raise the retirement age to 70. RT if you don\u2019t want to work till you die!\" the tweet reads. [...] There are no credible news reports suggesting 156 House Republicans voted to raise the retirement age for Social Security to 70. Likewise, the claim is neither mentioned on the House Republicans\u2019 website nor their verified social media accounts.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports 156 House Republicans voted to raise the retirement age for Social Security to 70", "evidence": "President Biden has taken action to strengthen Medicare and protect Social Security \u2013 bedrock programs that Americans have paid into and that tens of millions of seniors depend on to support their livelihoods. Congressional Republicans, however, have a different record. For years, Republican Members of Congress have repeatedly tried to cut Medicare and Social Security, move toward privatizing one or both programs, and raise the Social Security retirement age and Medicare eligibility age. And just last week, House Republicans introduced legislation to repeal President Biden\u2019s Inflation Reduction Act, which would give tens of billions of dollars in subsidies back to Big Pharma, raise seniors\u2019 prescription drug prices, and raise taxes on an estimated 14.5 million people \u2013 all while increasing the deficit. [...] - The Republican Study Committee \u2013 which includes a majority of House Republicans \u2013 released a formal budget that, according to Politico, included \"raising the eligibility ages for each program, along with withholding payments for individuals who retire early or had a certain income, and privatized funding for Social Security to lower income taxes.\" - And in 2015, most House Republicans, including Speaker McCarthy, Rep. Scalise, and a host of others in current leadership, voted to raise the retirement age to 70, which would cut Social Security benefits for tens of millions of seniors who paid into the system for years.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "a tent hospital set up in New York City\u2019s Central Park housed thousands of abused children saved from underground captivity.", "evidence": "Mount Sinai Hospital in New York is working with a humanitarian aid organization to set up a field hospital in Central Park to help house the continuing influx of patients during the coronavirus pandemic. The tents in Central Park are expected to have 70 regular beds and 10 ICU beds and will be open on Tuesday, a spokesperson for the hospital said. The hospital partnered with Samaritan's Purse, an evangelical Christian aid organization, to set up the field hospital, and photos showed construction well underway on Sunday. \"Samaritan\u2019s Purse, in partnership with Mount Sinai Health System and intergovernmental agencies, are constructing an Emergency Field Hospital in East Meadow in Central Park to provide care for patients seriously ill with COVID-19,\" a spokesperson for the hospital said in a statement.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "a tent hospital set up in New York City\u2019s Central Park housed thousands of abused children saved from underground captivity.", "evidence": "\"It's kind of surreal to see a field hospital sitting in the middle of Central Park,\" Kelly said. \"I just don't think this is the way it was supposed to be my first time, but it's a pleasure for me to be here.\" [...] \"Just getting the permits to put up a field hospital in Central Park should've taken years,\" Kelly said, adding that with help from de Blasio and New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, the hospital has \"been up really fast.\" [...] The field hospital in Central Park will have 60 to 70 medical staff, including nurses and doctors. Tenpenny said he could not provide specifics, but he said the nurses will outnumber the doctors.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A post shared on Twitter claims Mexican television reported that cartels have dozens of AT4s sourced from Ukraine.", "evidence": "Ukrainian MoD data on Russian losses: ~208 910 KIAs, 3 819 MBTs, 7 490 AIVs, 6 267 wheeled transports, 465 specialized vehicles, 3 501 artillery guns, 575 MLRS, 335 AA systems, 313 aircraft, 298 helicopters, 3 137 UAVs, 1 117 1 \"Good goyim, you did your job\"; words fail me, when I try to express my hatred of the kikes, this one in particular. 397 missiles shot down, 18 naval vessels. Explosions during the night in Kursk. Local authorities claim they shot down the attacking Ukrainian UAVs. Kiev was again attacked with missiles and drones. ZeroHedge and other altmedia outlets write that Mexican cartel members were spotted with AT4 disposable anti-tank rockets. Strong suspicion was expressed that these weapons came from the deliveries made to Ukraine. FSB accused Apple corporation of spying on Russian diplomats. Apparently, Apple provided backdoor for American NSA spooks1 to infect thousands of Apple \"smart\" phones, belonging to Russian diplomats, with spying software. Cracks appeared on piers of the Crimean Bridge. I would not be surprised if this happened at the spans, which were affected by the explosion.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "purports to show a traffic light that melted in Texas due to extreme heat", "evidence": "Photo shows melted traffic light in Italy, not extreme heat damage in Texas | Fact check The claim: Image shows traffic light melted by Texas's extreme heat [...] - USA TODAY, June 21, 'Oppressive' and 'unbearable' heat wave scorches Texas, with no end in sight - Texas Tribune, July 24, As Texas\u2019 heat wave continues, tell us how you\u2019re coping - Full Fact, July 19, Photo of melted traffic light wasn\u2019t taken in Bulgaria - Factly, June 20, Old photo from Italy\u2019s Milan city shared as the picture of a melted traffic light in Lucknow", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show a traffic light that melted in Texas due to extreme heat", "evidence": "Fact check: Melted traffic lights, recycling bins, street signs were not caused by heat waves [...] One photo shows a traffic light whose hooded covers have melted over its red, yellow and green bulbs. After the same claim circulated on Twitter in June 2019, PesaCheck, Africa\u2019s largest indigenous fact-check network, reported a YouTube video from July 2013 shows that the traffic light melted after a car hit the light's pole and caught fire in Kuwait. [...] - PesaCheck, June 26, 2019, FALSE: Cars and traffic lights did not melt following a heat wave in Kuwait - ABC Australia, July 4, 2018, Melting bitumen leaves motorists 'sinking' into Queensland road, destroys tyres", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ford made this pride commercial in 2023", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Pride-Themed Ford Commercial Stems From 2022, Not 2023 A video shared on Facebook allegedly shows a recent Ford advertisement depicting a truck with pride flag colors that was created after Bud Light\u2019s partnership with transgender activist Dylan Mulvaney. The post is miscaptioned. The commercial was actually created in 2022, predating Bud Light\u2019s partnership with Mulvaney.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ford made this pride commercial in 2023", "evidence": "The post is miscaptioned. The commercial was actually created in 2022, predating Bud Light\u2019s partnership with Mulvaney.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ford made this pride commercial in 2023", "evidence": "Dearborn, Mich., March 22, 2023 \u2013 An actor restoring a Bronco. A professional stunt driver defying stereotypes. A big wave surfer with a passion for trucks. These are drivers that will be featured the next chapter of Ford Motor Company\u2019s \"Built Ford Proud\" campaign, showcasing how Sydney Sweeney, Dee Bryant, and Kai Lenny use their vehicles to achieve their dreams. \"Built Ford Proud\" features content starring Sweeney, Bryant, and Lenny and celebrates the greater community of Ford drivers who have broken the mold, driven innovation, and defied stereotypes for nearly 120 years. \"\u2018Built Ford Proud\u2019 has always been about the immense pride we feel for our vehicles and the employees who build them,\" said Erica Martin, Ford Marketing Communications Manager. \"Today, we are putting the spotlight on the drivers, because who they are \u2013 and what they accomplish with our vehicles \u2013 is a huge part of what makes this brand special.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Thomas Jefferson said, \"The beauty of the Second Amendment is that it will not be needed until they try and take it.\"", "evidence": "\"It is impossible to rightly govern a nation without God and the Bible.\" \u2014 George Washington \"The beauty of the Second Amendment is that it will not be needed until they try to take it.\" \u2014 Thomas Jefferson \"As a result of the war, corporations have become enthroned, and an era of corruption in high places will follow. The money power of the country will endeavor to prolong its rule by preying upon the prejudice of the people, until all wealth is concentrated in a few hands, and the republic destroyed. \" \u2014 Abraham Lincoln [...] The Jefferson quote about the Second Amendment has been trotted out frequently in recent months in the gun control debate. Like many spurious quotes in circulation it sounds legitimate, and in this case it pretty accurately reflects Jefferson\u2019s thinking. But as Monticello.org, the website of the Thomas Jefferson Foundation, points out it\u2019s not found anywhere in Jefferson\u2019s voluminous papers. In fact, it didn\u2019t surface until 1989.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "New York Post headline reports that journalist who debunked pizzagate plead guilty in child porn case", "evidence": "The claim is inaccurate. The New York Post did report on the journalist\u2019s guilty plea, just with a different headline and the journalist did not debunk \u2018Pizzagate.\u2019", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "George Soros is banned from several countries", "evidence": "There is no evidence for the claim. A Soros spokesperson told PolitiFact that Soros is not banned from the countries.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "George Soros is banned from several countries", "evidence": "Ep. 176 Why GEORGE SOROS Is Getting BANNED from MORE COUNTRIES!!!", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "George Soros is banned from several countries", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Has George Soros Been Banned From Several Countries? A post shared on Instagram claims billionaire philanthropist George Soros has been banned from Russia, Pakistan, Turkey, Hungary, Poland and the Philippines. [...] The claim is baseless, however. Although two branches of Soros\u2019 charity network have been banned in Russia, according to Reuters, Check Your Fact found no credible news reports about Soros being banned from the aforementioned countries. (RELATED: Is Hungary Preparing To Prosecute George Soros?)", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There's a children's book titled 'Mom And Dad\u2019s Swinger Party'", "evidence": "It's time to get the party started with Swinger Party, the book that explores what it means when parents throw a grown-up bash! Written in a fun and engaging children's style, you'll learn all about what goes on when Mom and Dad invite their friends over for an evening of adult fun.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that James Madison said, \"Cursed be all that learning that is contrary to the cross of Christ.\"", "evidence": "Madison did not author this quote. It may be a paraphrase of a statement by Presbyterian minister John Witherspoon.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "an FBI raid in Annandale, Virginia, uncovered a plot by the Muslim Brotherhood to \"destroy America.\"", "evidence": "In early June 2017, conspiracy-oriented web sites began posting stories accompanied by a YouTube video claiming that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) had raided a house in Annandale, Virginia, and foiled a plot by the Muslim Brotherhood to take over the United States: The Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s strategic 30-year plan for taking over America from within was a closely-guarded secret until the FBI raided a house in Annandale, Virginia, where agents found a disturbing bundle of documents containing a blueprint for the Muslim takeover of our country. Now that the cat is out of the bag, we must do everything in our power to expose what\u2019s going on, as startlingly, these American-hating vermin are in the final phase of their 5-step plan to destroy our country. [...] Although Al-Qaradawi is a well-known figure in the Arabic-speaking world, we found no evidence to support the claim that law enforcement, either federal or local, raided a home in Annandale, Virginia in relation to an imminent 30-year plan for the Muslim Brotherhood to take over the United States.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "an FBI raid in Annandale, Virginia, uncovered a plot by the Muslim Brotherhood to \"destroy America.\"", "evidence": "The Muslim Brotherhood is a militant Islamist organization with affiliates in over 70 countries, including groups designated as terrorist organizations by the U.S. [...] Between the radicalism of it hateful ideology, the danger of its theocratic rule, as seen in Egypt, its networks, including Hamas and HASM, and its powerful state sponsors, it is clear that the Brotherhood constitutes a real threat for the national security interests of the United States. We can debate the best way to counter this threat, but simply ignoring the threat is not an acceptable answer. [...] American posture about naming the Brotherhood a terrorist organization, as at best a form of bigotry of low expectations when it comes to Muslims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "an FBI raid in Annandale, Virginia, uncovered a plot by the Muslim Brotherhood to \"destroy America.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did An FBI Raid In Virginia Reveal A Muslim Brotherhood Plot To \u2018Destroy America\u2019? An article shared on Facebook claims an FBI raid in Annandale, Virginia, uncovered a plot by the Muslim Brotherhood to \"destroy America.\" [...] The article, titled \"FBI Raid Reveals Muslim Brotherhood Plot to Destroy America,\" was published by Conservative Base, a website that describes itself as publishing \"information for conservatives, by conservatives.\" The article alleges the FBI conducted a raid in Annandale, Virginia, and \"discovered what appears to be of a three-decades plan by upper-echelon members of the Muslim Brotherhood to \u2018deconstruct\u2019 the United States of America through inside operations.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that author Mark Twain once said, \"Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn't do than by the ones you did do.\"", "evidence": "Interview: Tom Warburton \"Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn\u2019t do than by the ones you did do.\" The words famously uttered by American writer Mark Twain. For many those words have been a way of life, none more so than the vivacious 23-year-old explorer Jack Groves. [...] Ultimately, life is too short to do all the things that you want to do, let alone wasting time giving a flying crap about what others think. Someone extremely close to me who lived the above ethos to the full tragically passed away, way before her time, a few days before Christmas 2018. [...] So throw off the bowlines, sail away from the safe harbour, catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore, dream, discover.' - Mark Twain 'Life is measured in achievement, not in years alone.' - Bruce McLaren.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Michelle Obama called country music \"intellectually devoid\" and \"music for morons.\"", "evidence": "There is no record of Michelle Obama making the comments. The claim originated on a satire website.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Venezuelan people threw money in the streets to protest health conditions.", "evidence": "Photos show money on the streets of Venezuela in 2019, not Italy in 2020 [...] \"In Italy, they have thrown their money on the streets,\" a description of the two photos says. \"A clear message to the whole world that money is not enough when health is in danger.\" [...] Maduradas, TERRIBLE! Hooded men looted Bicentennial bank in Merida and scattered bolivars of the old monetary cone through the streets, March 12, 2019", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Claims Venezuelan people threw money in the streets to protest health conditions.", "evidence": "Protests Erupt Across Caracas After Maduro Claims Reelection - Hundreds took to the streets in Venezuela\u2019s capital city - Demonstrations followed government claim of Machado plot Hundreds of Venezuelans have taken to the streets to protest what they say is a fraudulent win by President Nicol\u00e1s Maduro, the longtime socialist leader who presided over the country\u2019s economic collapse.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims Venezuelan people threw money in the streets to protest health conditions.", "evidence": "The picture was taken in March 2019 after a bank robbery in Venezuela. It is unrelated to the current coronavirus pandemic.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General's (JAG) Corps allegedly sentenced former Surgeon General Jerome Adams to death", "evidence": "The claim stems from a satirical website. A Navy JAG spokesperson denied the claim.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims American writer Ernest Hemingway said, \"Write drunk, edit sober.\"", "evidence": "Write Drunk, Edit Sober \u2014 but without the alcohol This quote (\u2018write drunk, edit sober\u2019) is usually misattributed to Ernest Hemingway and it\u2019s good advice, as long as you don\u2019t take it literally. [...] When you write while drunk (I have tried it!), every idea and every sentence appear to be amazingly good, original and written by a genius. The come-down when you read it back the next day is worse than the hangover: it\u2019s mostly boring and badly written.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims American writer Ernest Hemingway said, \"Write drunk, edit sober.\"", "evidence": "The quote \"write drunk, edit sober\" is often misattributed to Ernest Hemingway who, as it turns out, never wrote drunk. While Hemingway was definitely a boozer, he wrote in the morning and didn\u2019t start drinking until the afternoon. Or so I\u2019m told. [...] Michelle Stansbury, PR expert and founder of Little Penguin PR in San Diego, shares that she recommends people take this kind of \"write drunk, edit sober\" advice with a grain of salt. \"There are those who argue that \u2018writing drunk\u2019 is a mental state allowing carefree application of words to paper and not a physical state of intoxication,\" says Stansbury. \"There is much to be said for loosening up your grip on your words. Perhaps, you may even begin sounding like a human being through your writing, flawed, but authentic.\" For some, writing a blog post or article is a daunting task. Writing drunk is bad advice. But sober editing is great advice.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims American writer Ernest Hemingway said, \"Write drunk, edit sober.\"", "evidence": "Should you write drunk and edit sober? This infographic looks at the science behind the famous saying. Ernest Hemingway is famously misquoted as having said \u2018write drunk, edit sober\u2019. It may sound as if it is something he could have said, but as Jeff Goins explains, even if he had said it, he certainly did not practise what he preached. Brendan Brown from The Expert Editor writes that \u2018the quotation was probably derived from a 1964 Peter De Vries novel, Reuben, Reuben where his main character said: \"Sometimes I write drunk and revise sober, and sometimes I write sober and revise drunk. But you have to have both elements in creation \u2014 the Apollonian and the Dionysian, or spontaneity and restraint, emotion.\"\u2019", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Andrew Tate has allegedly been found guilty of a crime and sentenced to 14 years in prison", "evidence": "The video\u2019s caption is inaccurate. Tate and his brother, Tristan Tate, have been sentenced to an additional 30 days in a Romanian prison, according to a Jan. 20 article from the New York Daily News.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that comedian Groucho Marx once stated, \"Politics is the art of looking for trouble, finding it everywhere, diagnosing it incorrectly and applying the wrong remedies.\"", "evidence": "Groucho Marx, the humorist, once declined membership in a club by responding, \"Please accept my resignation. I don't want to belong to any club that will accept me as a member.\" I tend to be the same, so that when for the first time in my life one of my Facebook \"friends\" referred to me as \"YOU PEOPLE\", I was concerned and wanted to make sure that I understood clearly what was being said and implied. [...] I figured out that the person who dumped me into the \"You People\" bin was acting consistently with Groucho's definition, what I would call \"neo-Marxist\" behaviour. But then Groucho also said, \"Politics does not make strange bedfellows, marriage does.\" [...] - Tony Deyal was last seen quoting Groucho Marx, \"The secret of life is honesty and fair dealing. If you can fake that, you've got it made.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims Benjamin Franklin said, \"By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.\"", "evidence": "Benjamin Franklin was a man of action. Over his lifetime, his curiosity and passion fueled a diverse range of interests. He was a writer (often using a pseudonym), publisher, diplomat, inventor and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. [...] This is probably one of the first quotes I remember hearing as a teenager. With an impressive list of achievements to his credit, Benjamin Franklin was not a man hung up on procrastination. He was a man with clear measurable goals who worked hard to turn his vision into reality. What are you putting off till tomorrow that could make a difference in your life today? - Be Prepared \"By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims Benjamin Franklin said, \"By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.\"", "evidence": "By Failing to Prepare, You Are Indeed Preparing to Fail Ben Franklin was right. You cannot simply fake it 'till you make it. Here's why. [...] How many of you have heard the famous Benjamin Franklin quote, \"By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail?\" [...] One thing I've learned from being both unprepared and prepared at pivotal times in my life is that life presents us with limited windows of opportunity. These windows may never come again. Many are once-in-a-lifetime opportunities. There are windows that will swing open, and if you're not ready at that moment, you have to bite the bullet and accept it as a missed opportunity.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims the International Space Station (ISS) captured footage of a UFO on its livestream", "evidence": "\"Recent #nasa ISS video footage of a #ufo,\" reads the caption. \"Iv (sic) increased the speed of the footage as the original is 22 minutes long.\" The object captured on video is not a UFO, but rather a retired communications component being jettisoned from the ISS. A NASA spokeswoman confirmed the operation was planned in advance. UFO enthusiast Scott Waring spotted the supposed UFO while watching a Feb. 21 ISS livestream. In the video, the object in question can be seen floating below the ISS for roughly 22 minutes before disappearing from the camera\u2019s view. (RELATED: Did NASA Spend More Than $165 Million To Develop Pens That Work In Space?)", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims the International Space Station (ISS) captured footage of a UFO on its livestream", "evidence": "The object captured on video is not a UFO, but rather a retired communications component being jettisoned from the ISS. A NASA spokeswoman confirmed the operation was planned in advance.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims the International Space Station (ISS) captured footage of a UFO on its livestream", "evidence": "Claim: NASA cut a live video stream from the International Space Station just as a UFO appeared on the horizon. [...] While the gray object in the video has not been positively identified (technically making it a UFO), it is very unlikely the object was an alien spacecraft. It is also unlikely NASA purposeful cut the live feed from the ISS in order to cover up the UFO. [...] While the video does show an unidentified object rising from the horizon shortly before the feed goes dead, it is likely the camera aboard the International Space Station had merely captured the moon just before a common video interruption.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims Ron DeSantis received a $2 million donation from Sequoia Capital Bank, which is purportedly owned by Dominion Voting Systems", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: No, Ron DeSantis Did Not Receive $2 Million From A Bank Owned By Dominion Voting Systems [...] A post shared on X, the social media platform previously known as Twitter, claims Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis received a $2 million donation from Sequoia Capital Bank. Dominion Voting Systems denied having any business connection to Sequoie Capital Bank in an email to Check Your Fact. A partner with the bank, venture capitalist Douglas Leone, donated $2million to Never Back Down, Inc.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Ron DeSantis received a $2 million donation from Sequoia Capital Bank, which is purportedly owned by Dominion Voting Systems", "evidence": "Dominion Voting Systems acquired the assets of Sequoia Voting Systems in 2010. A spokesperson for Dominion Voting Systems denied having any business connection to Sequoia Capital Bank in an email to Check Your Fact.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "the new coronavirus has HIV proteins that indicate it was genetically modified in a laboratory.", "evidence": "The theory that the COVID-19 pandemic was triggered by the Sars-CoV-2 virus being leaked from the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China was recently given new life following an explosive article in the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) in which the authors claimed \"the most compelling reason to favour the lab leak hypothesis is firmly based in science\". But does the science really support the claim that the virus was engineered in a laboratory? [...] An important way scientists can determine the origin of a virus is by looking at its genome. In the WSJ article, the authors, Prof Richard Muller, an astrophysicist, and Dr Steven Quay, physician and chief executive of Atossa Therapeutics, claim Sars-CoV-2 has \"genetic fingerprints\" of a lab-origin virus. They say that the presence of a particular genetic sequence (CGG-CGG) is a sign that the virus originated in a lab. [...] Disappointingly, many other media articles appear to have accepted and repeated the claims from the WSJ piece. The origin of Sars-CoV-2 may remain unresolved, but there is no evidence presented in the WSJ piece that scientifically supports the concept of a lab leak of a genetically engineered virus.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "the new coronavirus has HIV proteins that indicate it was genetically modified in a laboratory.", "evidence": "Microbiologists say the spike proteins found in the new coronavirus are different from the ones found in HIV. There is no evidence to suggest the coronavirus was genetically modified.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "the new coronavirus has HIV proteins that indicate it was genetically modified in a laboratory.", "evidence": "Whether SARS-CoV-2 was introduced through a laboratory accident or whether it has been genetically manipulated is highly debatable. After a thorough analysis of the genetic characterizations of SARS-CoV-2 from both the early and later stages of the pandemic, as well as its close relatives from wild animals, many researchers in the global scientific community have reached the consensus that SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to have escaped a laboratory and there is no scientific evidence that SARS-CoV-2 has been genetically manipulated10. However, the exact spillover event and emergence process of SARS-CoV-2 is still unclear, and more information from the earliest stage of the epidemic is clearly important to understand how SARS-CoV-2 came into contact with people. [...] Li, X. et al. A furin cleavage site was discovered in the S protein of the 2019 novel coronavirus [in Chinese]. Chin. J. Bioinform.18, 103\u2013108 (2020).", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Ernest Hemingway said, \"I love sleep. My life has the tendency to fall apart when I'm awake, you know?\"", "evidence": "Ernest Hemingway's quote, \"I love sleep. My life has the tendency to fall apart when I'm awake, you know?\" speaks to the intriguing dichotomy between wakefulness and slumber. At first glance, the quote captures the relatable sentiment of finding solace and peace in the realm of dreams while feeling overwhelmed by the complexities of reality. Sleep, with its ability to offer respite from the chaos of life, can indeed be a sanctuary for many individuals. In the quiet depths of dreams, the mind finds a moment of stillness and escape from the demands and uncertainties of waking hours. Hemingway's words resonate with those who have experienced the transformative power of sleep to temporarily alleviate their troubles and soothe their restless minds.However, beneath the surface of this contemplation lies a profound philosophical concept that challenges our conventional understanding of consciousness and existence. What if, instead of viewing wakefulness as a state of being and sleep as a mere reprieve, we considered the possibility that both states are equally real and essential to our experience?", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Aristotle once stated, \"We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence then, is not an act, but a habit.\"", "evidence": "Thoughts on the Archaeology of Identity \"We are what we repeatedly do. This little gem attributed to Aristotle pops up in training workshops, motivational posters, and even tattoos \u2014 but, as it turns out, those words were not written by Aristotle but by the philosopher Will Durant in 1926. It\u2019s too bad for Durant that a well-expressed idea travels farther under a famous name. Where Aristotle had waffled pedantically on the question of whether virtue was attainable, Durant offers hope of attaining it (\"Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit\"). Where Aristotle narrowly focused on describing virtue, Durant describes a broad model of human identity (\"We are what we repeatedly do\"). No wonder we forgot the hand-wringing and went with the sound byte. [...] Bourdieu answered the question that arises from Durant\u2019s equation: if people are what they repeatedly do, how does an observer who knows what someone does figure out who they are? In everyday life we make such inferences about other people casually. But a scientist, even a social scientist, has to be more rigorous.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Aristotle once stated, \"We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence then, is not an act, but a habit.\"", "evidence": "While the sentiment is representative of what Aristotle thought, there is no evidence he ever made this statement. The quote appears to have originated with the 1926 book \u201cThe Story of Philosophy.\u201d", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates wrote a long statement about the \"spiritual purpose\" of the new coronavirus", "evidence": "Gates did not write the statement about the \u201cspiritual purpose\u201d of the coronavirus attributed to him in the Facebook post.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A book of Hunter Biden\u2019s laptop contents sold", "evidence": "The contents of Hunter Biden\u2019s laptop computer have sparked debate and controversy since the New York Post and other news organizations in the closing month of the 2020 presidential campaign reported stories based on data purportedly taken from it. [...] When his work was completed, Della Rocca said, Mac Isaac repeatedly attempted to contact Hunter Biden, who had signed a repair authorization, to advise him the laptop was ready to be picked up, but Hunter never responded. Della Rocca added that Mac Isaac finally came to regard the MacBook as abandoned property. [...] In an email with the subject line \"Why is it so difficult to be a whistleblower when you are on the right?\" written on Aug. 26, 2020, Mac Isaac told Costello that he had copies of the hard drive from Hunter Biden\u2019s laptop.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims two victims of the Sept. 11, 2001 terror attack were purportedly identified by their DNA 22 years later", "evidence": "The identification of the two victims was announced via a Sept. 8 press release from New York City Democratic Mayor Eric Adams and New York City Chief Medical Examiner Dr. Jason Graham.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims two victims of the Sept. 11, 2001 terror attack were purportedly identified by their DNA 22 years later", "evidence": "Two more victims of the 9/11 terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center have been identified in New York City \u2014 just days before the nation marks the 20th anniversary of the tragedy. Dorothy Morgan of Hempstead, N.Y., is the 1,646th victim to be identified through ongoing DNA analysis of unidentified remains recovered from the World Trade Center site, where 2,753 lives were lost. The second person \u2014 and the 1,647th victim \u2014 is a man whose name is being withheld at his family's request. [...] \"Twenty years ago, we made a promise to the families of World Trade Center victims to do whatever it takes for as long as it takes to identify their loved ones, and with these two new identifications, we continue to fulfill that sacred obligation,\" said Dr. Barbara A. Sampson, chief medical examiner of the city of New York.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims two victims of the Sept. 11, 2001 terror attack were purportedly identified by their DNA 22 years later", "evidence": "As of September 7, 2021, 1,647 of 2,753 WTC victims' remains have been positively identified, according to the medical examiner's office. [...] August 7, 2017 - The New York City medical examiner's office announces that the remains of a man killed at the World Trade Center are positively identified due to more sophisticated DNA testing being available. September 7, 2021 - The remains of two victims are identified by the New York City medical examiner's office through DNA testing.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Megan Rapinoe has been released from the U.S. Olympic team", "evidence": "A post shared on Facebook claims U.S. women\u2019s national team soccer player Megan Rapinoe has been released from the U.S. Olympic team after a FIFA World Cup \"blunder.\" [...] The Facebook post claims Rapinoe was released from the U.S. Olympic team after a World Cup \"blunder.\" The post shares a very low-resolution photo of Rapinoe. The post reads, \"US Olympic Team Releases Megan Rapinoe After World Cup Blunder. ha ha ha. Let her disrespect some other country.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Megan Rapinoe has been released from the U.S. Olympic team", "evidence": "A post shared on Facebook claims Megan Rapinoe, a U.S. women\u2019s national soccer team player, was removed from the squad for assaulting another player. There is no evidence suggesting Rapinoe was removed from the team for any reason. The viral claim stems from a satirical website. [...] The claim is baseless. There are no credible news reports suggesting Rapinoe has been removed from the team. There is likewise no mention of any altercation between Rapinoe and her teammates or her alleged removal from the team on the team\u2019s website. She continues to be listed on the team\u2019s roster.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that John Adams said, \"There are two ways to conquer and enslave a nation. One is by sword. The other is by debt.\"", "evidence": "American statesman John Adams, who served as U.S. president from 1797 to 1801, famously said, \"There are two ways to conquer and enslave a country: One is by the sword; the other is by debt.\" China, choosing the second path, has embraced colonial-era practices and rapidly emerged as the world\u2019s biggest official creditor. [...] The latest to fall prey to China\u2019s debt-trap diplomacy is small Laos, which recently signed a 25-year concession agreement allowing a majority Chinese-owned company to control its national power grid, including electricity exports to neighboring countries. This shows that, even as the China-originating COVID-19 pandemic exacts a heavy toll across the world, Beijing continues to weaponize debt as part of its strategy to expand its economic, political and military presence abroad.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that John Adams said, \"There are two ways to conquer and enslave a nation. One is by sword. The other is by debt.\"", "evidence": "John Adams, 1735-1826 [...] You\u2019re currently reading \"\"There are two ways to conquer and enslave a nation. John Adams, 1735-1826,\" an entry on Gheorghe47 - Published:", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Thomas Jefferson once said, \"The reason Christianity is the best friend of Government is because Christianity is the only religion that changes the heart.\"", "evidence": "Sources consulted: Searching on (christianity AND \"best friend of government\" AND (\"changes the heart\" OR \"deals with the heart\")) [...] Comments: This quotation has not been found in any of the writings of Thomas Jefferson. 931 Thomas Jefferson Parkway", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Muhammad Ali said, \"Impossible is just a big word thrown around by small men who find it easier to live in the world they're given than to explore the power they have to change it.\"", "evidence": "Topics - Inspirational - Change - Power - Men - World - Impossible - Bigs - Easier - Given - Thrown - Small Man - Nothing Is Impossible - Law Of Attraction - Best Athlete - Attraction - World Champions - Possible And Impossible - Impossible Things - Athlete Motivational - Great Inspirational Sports - Power Of Attraction - Changing The World - Exploration", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\u2019s \"4th husband\" filed for divorce.", "evidence": "Pelosi has only had one husband, Paul Pelosi, to whom she remains married. The story originated on the satirical website Tatersgonnatate.com.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that Irish playwright Oscar Wilde once stated, \"Be yourself; everyone else is already taken.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller News Foundation found no evidence that Wilde ever said or wrote this expression.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that Irish playwright Oscar Wilde once stated, \"Be yourself; everyone else is already taken.\"", "evidence": "Things You May Not Know About Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O\u2019Flahertie Wills Wilde was an infamously brilliant playwright, author, and social activist. Oscar Wilde\u2019s well-known legacy pervades his many published essays, plays and his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. While Wilde was a larger-than-life figure in his time, due to his many witticisms and social standing, he is now regarded as one of the greatest producers of Irish literature. Here are fourteen little-known facts regarding Oscar Wilde\u2019s life and literary presence. [...] Oscar Wilde is often credited with having once said the famous quote: \u2018be yourself, everyone else is already taken.\u2019 However, this was never proven and there is no evidence that he ever said this.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "McDonald\u2019s will give two free Big Mac meals to everyone who shares a specific link", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Is McDonald\u2019s Offering 2 Free Big Mac Meals To Everyone Who Shares This Link? A viral Facebook post claims fast food chain McDonald\u2019s will give two free Big Mac meals to everyone who shares a specific link. [...] \"McDonald\u2019s is helping out!\" reads text on the website. \"Just tell us what is Yor (sic) favorite meal and get 2 FREE big Mac Meals for a Month!\" (RELATED: Can Inhaling Hot Air From A Sauna Or Hair Dryer Kill Coronavirus?)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports to show a poster indicating former President Donald Trump is allegedly a 'registered sex offender'", "evidence": "The poster appears to be digitally fabricated and originally stems from a Twitter account that posts parodies.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Nelson Mandela said, \"Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure.\"", "evidence": "This quote was actually penned by 2020 presidential candidate and author Marianne Williamson in her debut book.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Nelson Mandela said, \"Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure.\"", "evidence": "Often said to have been quoted in a speech by Nelson Mandela. The source is Return to Love by Marianne Williamson, Harper Collins, 1992. Peter McLaughlin [...] Until November 4, 2006 this glyph was titled: \"Our Greatest Fear, by Marianne Williamson, quoted by Nelson Mandela\" [...] The writer recommended http://jmm.aaa.net.au/articles/4564.htm for further information. This site includes a note from the ANC saying that they could find nothing in Mandela's speeches that quoted \"Our Greatest Fear\". Perhaps this was quoted by Mandela in conversation. Further information received with interest. leif smithYour website [explorersfoundation.org] correctly attributes the \"Our greatest fear is not that we are inadequate...\" passage to Marianne Williamson, but inaccurately states that it was quoted by Nelson Mandela in a 1994 speech. This is a misapprehension that I think arose as people tried to explain why the passage was so frequently attributed to him. Actually, the passage appears nowhere in either of his two 1994 speeches ...", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A satanic-themed hotel is opening in Texas", "evidence": "Baphomet bedside buddies, upside down crosses, spewing Satan sinks and a devilish welcome, one Facebook user claimed a satanic hotel would soon be opening in Plano, Texas. But don\u2019t pull out the rosaries and holy water yet, the hotel is not actually real. On Feb. 23, a Facebook user claimed that a satanic hotel was supposedly opening in an abandoned office building in the heart of the Downtown Plano Art District. [...] But the Baphomet-themed hotel won\u2019t be coming anywhere near Plano. The images were created using an AI art platform. According to The Buzz, an Instagram account posted photos showing how AI art can be made using a specific algorithm. In this case, a satanically-spooky hotel.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A satanic-themed hotel is opening in Texas", "evidence": "A video shared on Facebook allegedly shows images of a satanic-themed hotel that is set to open in Plano, Texas. [...] A Facebook video allegedly shows photos of a Satanic-themed hotel that is set to open in Plano on June 6. The post shares a photo of a red bedroom with a goat-like figure. \"This is a satanic hotel located in Plano, Texas \" the caption reads. \"This brand new hotel will open June 6 at 6pm (666).\" The claim is fabricated. Check Your Fact found no credible news reports about a satanic-themed hotel opening in Plano, Texas. The photo originates from Ink Poisoning, an apparel brand. The company posted the images on Facebook with a disclaimer stating the images are \"AI concept art created by us.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show a tsunami that followed a recent earthquake in Turkey", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Does This Video Show A Tsunami After The Recent Earthquake In Turkey? A video shared on social media purportedly shows footage of a tsunami after the recent earthquake in Turkey. [...] The social media post allegedly shows a tsunami after the earthquake engulfing homes before a large wave approaches and destroys the remnants. \"#Tsunami hits #Turkey coast few minutes ago after #Earthquake,\" the caption reads. \"#PrayForTurkey #\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 #earthquaketurkey Another 7.5#earthquake #Turkiye #Syria.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims that Mark Twain once said, \"If voting made a difference, they wouldn't let us do it.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller found no record of the statement in Twain\u2019s written body of work.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that Mark Twain once said, \"If voting made a difference, they wouldn't let us do it.\"", "evidence": "Compulsory voting is hardest to enact in the places where it would make most difference \"IF VOTING made any difference they wouldn\u2019t let us do it,\" quipped Mark Twain, an American writer. Some governments, however, think voting makes such a difference that they oblige voters to do it. Voting is compulsory in 26 countries around the world, from Argentina to Belgium. To those elsewhere worried about declining voter turnout, compulsory voting may seem tempting. But it is not a shortcut to a healthy democracy.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims that Mark Twain once said, \"If voting made a difference, they wouldn't let us do it.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Mark Twain Say, \u2018If Voting Made A Difference, They Wouldn\u2019t Let Us Do It\u2019? A post shared on Facebook alleges that author Mark Twain once said, \"If voting made a difference, they wouldn\u2019t let us do it.\" [...] There is, however, no evidence that Twain ever said or wrote this saying about voting. A search of his complete literary works, as well as his correspondence, turned up no matching or similar phrases.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Tom Jones is suffering from health problems and had to cancel shows.", "evidence": "Tom Jones health latest: Illness which led singer to cancelling tour dates last year [...] Tom Jones, 78, kicks off his 2019 tour in April, with the first show in San Jose, California. The singer has had a busy year so far, also appearing as a judge on ITV\u2019s The Voice. But his new tour dates come after he was forced to cancel five shows last year. The reason for the cancellations was down to his health. [...] Tom Jones health latest: The singer had to cancel tour dates last year due to illness (Image: GETTY)", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Tom Jones is suffering from health problems and had to cancel shows.", "evidence": "There is no record of Jones being hospitalized or cancelling shows so far this year. The story appears to reference the singer\u2019s 2018 bacterial infection.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Tom Jones is suffering from health problems and had to cancel shows.", "evidence": "Music legend Sir Tom Jones has hit out at claims he collapsed on stage during a live performance as medics rushed to support him. [...] Tom Jones issues health update after cancelling show [...] \"Unfortunately the show had to be cancelled at the last minute, and for that I am very sorry. However, the show in Budapest has been rescheduled and will take place on August 16. Thanks again for all your kind concern.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports Liz Cheney was allegedly hanged at Guantanamo Bay", "evidence": "No, Hillary Clinton wasn\u2019t hanged at Guantanamo Bay [...] It\u2019s latest dispatch about Clinton claims that she was hanged on April 26 at the U.S. detention facility in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. According to the story, it was the culmination of an operation that started the night the SEALs arrested her.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Albert Einstein said, \"We all know that light travels faster than sound. That's why certain people appear bright until you hear them speak.\"", "evidence": "The statement appears nowhere in Einstein\u2019s written works.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Albert Einstein said, \"We all know that light travels faster than sound. That's why certain people appear bright until you hear them speak.\"", "evidence": "forever go to front layer :: looks end \"We all know that light travels faster than sound. That's why certain people appear bright until you hear them speak.\" - Albert Einstein - That_Cool_Person - Scratcher 30 posts my thumbnail wont update! [...] That's why certain people appear bright until you hear them speak.\" - Albert Einstein - That_Cool_Person - Scratcher 30 posts my thumbnail wont update!", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims that psychiatrist Viktor Frankl once stated, \"Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom.\"", "evidence": "In our response lies our growth and our freedom.\"That idea hit me with incredible force. In the following days, I reflected on it again and again. [...] It follows my discussion on faith, finances, and this: Between stimulus and response there is a space. In our response lies our growth and freedom (B.F. Skinner). [...] Also in 2004 a message in the Usenet newsgroup alt.recovery.addiction.alcoholism attributed the quotation to Victor Frankl and specified a book that does not contain the quotation:[13]2004 March 20, Usenet discussion message, Newsgroup: alt.recovery.addiction.alcoholism, From: neuro equipoise @webtv.net, Subject: Re: It\u2019s not your fault. (Google Groups Search; Accessed \u2026 Continue reading \"Between stimulus and response, there is a space. In our response lies our growth and freedom.\" \u2014 Victor Frankl, Man\u2019s Search for Meaning", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that psychiatrist Viktor Frankl once stated, \"Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom.\"", "evidence": "Frankl\u2019s quote about the space between stimulus and response is one of the central tenets of logotherapy. This \"space\" represents a critical moment where individuals have the free will and opportunity to choose their response to any given situation, no matter how challenging or painful. The \"space\" where a person can choose how to respond may be small, even a few seconds or less. This choice made in this \"space\" between stimulus and response is what gives humans their freedom and dignity. According to Frankl, it is not the external circumstances that define us but how we choose to respond to them. [...] Viktor Frankl\u2019s quote about the space between stimulus and response captures a fundamental aspect of human freedom and potential. His life and work, shaped by the extreme suffering he endured during the Holocaust, offer profound insights into individual free will, the power of choice and the pursuit of meaning. By applying Frankl\u2019s philosophy in everyday situations, individuals can cultivate greater resilience, improve their relationships, and lead more meaningful lives. Frankl\u2019s legacy continues to inspire and guide people across the world, reminding us that even in the most challenging circumstances, there is a \"space\" in which we have free will and the power to choose our response and, in doing so, shape our destiny.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims that psychiatrist Viktor Frankl once stated, \"Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom.\"", "evidence": "Posted July 23, 2013 Reviewed by Jessica Schrader \"Between stimulus and response there is a space. I have great respect for Victor Frankl. He was not only a concentration camp survivor during the Holocaust, but also someone who went on to help others find goodness and meaning in life. He was a man from whom we can learn something about what it means to be human and how to be our best\u2014sometimes in spite of our inclinations. And the above quote is incredibly wise guidance in these very areas. [...] Victor Frankl was clearly an extraordinary man. Most of us can only wish for his moral strength, insight, and wisdom. But we can follow his lead by looking for the \"space\" in our own lives. When faced with situations that pull for some particular reaction, we can choose to respond instead. Frankl found his \u2018space\u2019 through finding meaning. Others find it through prayer, meditation, or therapy.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims that \"Fight Club\" contains the line, \"We buy things we don't need with money we don't have to impress people we don't like.\"", "evidence": "You can apply the same phrase to your own life. [...] As the protagonist of the Fight Club film says: \"we buy things we don\u2019t need, with money we don\u2019t have, to impress people we don\u2019t like.\" [...] From the wisdom of Fight Club to that of Socrates: \"the unexamined life is not worth living,\" he said once. I couldn\u2019t agree more.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims that \"Fight Club\" contains the line, \"We buy things we don't need with money we don't have to impress people we don't like.\"", "evidence": "A post shared on Facebook claims that \"Fight Club\" contains the line, \"We buy things we don\u2019t need with money we don\u2019t have to impress people we don\u2019t like.\" [...] The website Quote Investigator traced the earliest strong match for the statement back to a 1928 newspaper column by American humorist and journalist Robert Quillen, though elements of the quote appeared earlier. In that column, he defined \"Americanism\" as \"using money you haven\u2019t earned to buy things you don\u2019t need to impress people you don\u2019t like.\" [...] The quote was likely attributed to \"Fight Club\" because it sounded like something that might have been said in the book or movie, according to Quote Investigator. At one point in the book, a character says, \"Advertising has these people chasing cars and clothes they don\u2019t need. Generations have been working in jobs they hate, just so they can buy what they don\u2019t really need.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that \"Fight Club\" contains the line, \"We buy things we don't need with money we don't have to impress people we don't like.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller News Foundation found the line in neither the book nor movie.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Donald Trump Claimed to not know who gave Fauci the commendation", "evidence": "Trump issues commendations to Operation Warp Speed members, including Fauci, Birx [...] A few names on the list of commendations stood out, particularly Dr. Anthony Fauci and Dr. Deborah Birx, both of whom were key members of the White House coronavirus task force in its early days, before having their public-facing roles diminished when the task force ceased providing regular briefings. Despite his sometimes public clashes with Fauci, the nation\u2019s top infectious disease expert, Trump\u2019s list included the longtime director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Apart from his work on the coronavirus task force, Fauci worked tirelessly to inform Americans of the science concerning the novel coronavirus, urging the public to choose facts over conspiracy theories and speculation.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims to be hosting a giveaway of free Chick-fil-A for a year.", "evidence": "The Facebook page Chick-fil-A.com claimed Friday to be hosting a giveaway of free Chick-fil-A for a year. \"5 of our last contest winners of free Chick-fil-A for a year have yet to respond so we have decided that someone who shares by 10pm tonight will win it instead! Don\u2019t miss out on this once in a life time opportunity,\" the page wrote before signing off as \"Chick-fil-A.\" [...] \"That is not a legitimate account or giveaway associated with Chick-fil-A, Inc,\" Leigh Jackson, with Jackson Spalding, a press company representing Chick-fil-A, told The Daily Caller.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims to be hosting a giveaway of free Chick-fil-A for a year.", "evidence": "How to Win Free Chick-Fil-A Meals for a Year [...] Winners indeed get free Chick-fil-A for a year, but the freebies are limited to one meal (sandwich, fries, medium drink) per week\u2014so a total of 52 meals over the course of 52 weeks. Chick-fil-A estimates that each opening promotion amounts to a giveaway of $32,000 worth of food to the lucky 100 winners. [...] After New York City, the next Chick-fil-A openings\u2014and the possibility of 100 more winners of free food for a year\u2014are scheduled in the near future for locations including San Antonio, Texas, Marietta, Ga., and two more locations in the vicinity of New York\u2014Port Jefferson, on Long Island, on October 7, and Jersey City, on November 4.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Albert Einstein once said, \"The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.\"", "evidence": "The quote \"The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results\" is popular, being widely attributed to Einstein (probably incorrectly). Unfortunately it's often used to support a common and dangerous fallacy: that if you're trying something and it's not working, you must not be using the best strategy and you must try something else. It's easy to see the fallacy using a thought experiment. Imagine you must regularly play a lottery which offers red tickets and black tickets, and red tickets have twice the probability of winning compared to black tickets. So you choose red tickets, but you don't win. Would Einstein tell you to start choosing black tickets instead? Hopefully not! [...] Of course, one must also avoid stubbornly sticking to a strategy which is not the best available.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Steve Harvey made a long statement calling President Donald Trump \"the only guy who seems to understand what the people want.\"", "evidence": "A viral Facebook rant that likens President Donald Trump to an exterminator and undocumented immigrants to raccoons is being attributed to radio personality and television host Steve Harvey. [...] Steve Harvey Facebook post, January 11, 2019 [...] Snopes, Did Comedian Steve Harvey Praise President Trump as a Politically Incorrect \u2018Fixer\u2019?, March 4, 2019", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims Steve Harvey made a long statement calling President Donald Trump \"the only guy who seems to understand what the people want.\"", "evidence": "In early 2019, a viral Facebook message appeared to indicate that the comedian and broadcaster Steve Harvey had published an unusual defense of President Donald Trump, likening him to a flawed janitor hired to clear a home of raccoons -- which represented the Democratic and Republican parties as well as undocumented immigrants in the analogy: [...] Here's why we want Trump: Yes, he's a bit of a jerk; Yes, he's an egomaniac; but we don't care!.. The country is a mess because politicians suck, the Republicans and Democrats can be two-faced and gutless, and illegals are everywhere.. We want it all fixed!.. We don't care that Trump is crude, we don't care that he insults people, we don't care that he has changed positions, we don't care that he's been married 3 times, we don't care that he fights with Megyn Kelly and Rosie O'Donnell, we don't care that he doesn't know the name of some Muslim terrorist.. This country became weak and bankrupt, our enemies were making fun of us, we are being invaded by illegals, we are becoming a nation of victims where every Tom, Ricardo, and Hasid is a special group with special rights to a point where we don't even recognize the country we were born and raised in; \"AND WE JUST WANT IT FIXED\".. And Trump is the only guy who seems to understand what the people want..", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "A Turning Point USA meme claims a quote about socialized medicine is attributable to Vladimir Lenin", "evidence": "One of the rotating banner images on its Internet home page is a picture of Vladimir Lenin, the Soviet Union founder, and a quote: \"Socialized medicine is the keystone to the arch of a socialized state.\" [...] \"A. Lenin thought so. According to Lawrence Sullivan in his book 'The Case Against Socialized Medicine,' the founder of international revolutionary Communism once proclaimed socialized medicine 'the keystone of the arch of the Socialist State.'\" [...] \"The campaign for socialized medicine in the United States stems directly from Kremlin Communism. Lenin, the founder of international revolutionary Communism, once proclaimed socialized medicine 'the keystone of the arch of the Socialist State.' Nowhere in the world today is the profession of medicine more completely under the control of government than in the Soviet segments of Russia.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims former President Donald Trump purportedly said he 'forgot to give back some paperwork' in a recent TRUTH Social post", "evidence": "The purported remark does not appear in Trump\u2019s TRUTH Social feed. The image of the alleged post can be traced back to Twitter user @gvnzng, who admitted it was fake.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Joe Biden cut the federal deficit by 1.7 trillion", "evidence": "The President has done all of this while delivering on his commitment to fiscal responsibility. While the previous Administration passed a nearly $2 trillion unpaid-for tax cut with benefits skewed to the wealthy and big corporations while dramatically increasing the deficit, President Biden cut the deficit by more than $1.7 trillion during his first two years in office\u2014the largest decline in American history. And the reforms he signed into law to take on Big Pharma, lower prescription drug costs, and make the wealthy and large corporations pay their fair share will reduce the deficit by hundreds of billions of dollars more over the coming decade. [...] After inheriting historically high deficits from the previous Administration, President Biden told the American people he would reduce the deficit, pay for his proposals, and ensure that no one making less than $400,000 a year would pay a penny more in new taxes. That\u2019s exactly what he has done\u2014and exactly what he will continue to do. The President\u2019s Budget builds on the record-breaking deficit reduction he achieved during his first two years in office. It more than fully pays for its investments, reduces deficits by nearly $3 trillion over the next decade by making the wealthy and big corporations pay their fair share and cutting wasteful spending on Big Pharma, Big Oil, and other special interests, and ensures that no one making less than $400,000 per year will pay a penny more in new taxes.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Democratic presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. claimed during an interview with Fox News host Sean Hannity that 300,000 Ukrainian troops have died during the conflict.", "evidence": "There is no evidence that 300,000 Ukrainian soldiers have died during the conflict. Estimates vary, but the United States assessed that between 15,500 and 17,500 Ukrainian troops have died between Feb. 24, 2022 and March 1, 2023.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Democratic presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. claimed during an interview with Fox News host Sean Hannity that 300,000 Ukrainian troops have died during the conflict.", "evidence": "Trump to Hannity: You\u2019re \u2018Not Really\u2019 a Patriot, You Just Want \u2018Great Ratings\u2019 [...] Chernobyl Survivors Watch HBO Series in Horror", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims Bill Gates said, \"I will always choose a lazy person to do a hard job. Because he will find an easy way to do it.\"", "evidence": "As we celebrate National Lazy Day on August 10, let's remember Bill Gates' famous words when he said he'd rather hire a lazy person to do a hard job. As an employer, it's important to understand why lazy workers make the best employees and how to hire the right kind of 'lazy' worker. Bill Gates has famously once said, \"I choose a lazy person to do a hard job. And that is the simplest explanation of all. As we celebrate National Lazy Day this year, let's take a deep dive into what makes a seemingly 'lazy' employee the best one. [...] As per the premise, choosing a 'lazy person' to do a difficult job rather than putting your best faculties on the task seems a great way of getting the job done! Doing a job the easy way seems more effective, after all, isn't sometimes the most obvious answer the right one? In today's fast-paced corporate world things are almost ever-changing so most employers look for someone who'll do just what's been told to them and do it fast. When the need of the hour is speed, overdelivering can be worse than underdelivering!", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims Bill Gates said, \"I will always choose a lazy person to do a hard job. Because he will find an easy way to do it.\"", "evidence": "Whenever there is a hard job to be done I assign it to a lazy man; he is sure to find an easy way of doing it. [...] Senator ELLENDER. You say you would put a lazy man on a job to find an easy way to do it. Why would you say a lazy man rather than a hard worker? [...] If you have a difficult task give it to a lazy man \u2014 he will find an easier way to do it.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims Bill Gates said, \"I will always choose a lazy person to do a hard job. Because he will find an easy way to do it.\"", "evidence": "Let\u2019s be honest, lazy people get a bad rap, especially when some of the world\u2019s most successful billionaires are perceived as the exact opposite. [...] Bill Gates has often been quoted as saying, \"I always choose a lazy person to do a hard job, because a lazy person will find an easy way to do it.\" Whether Gates even said that in the first place is questionable, but the quote still gets repeated \u2014 and that\u2019s because there\u2019s some truth in it. Many obsessively critical thinkers (a.k.a. people with a high \"need for cognition\") are concerned with reducing wasteful actions, and instead prefer to use efficient processes. So perhaps hiring a lazy person isn\u2019t the worst idea after all. They\u2019re likely to be strategic thinkers who can come up with smart shortcuts, ways to eliminate problems, save time and contribute new, innovative ideas to the company.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Claims that Bohemian novelist Franz Kafka once stated, \"Follow your most intense obsessions mercilessly.\"", "evidence": "Don\u2019t bend; don\u2019t water it down; dont try to make it logical; dont edit your own soul according to the fashion. Rather, follow your most intense obsessions mercilessly. -Franz Kafka", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Bohemian novelist Franz Kafka once stated, \"Follow your most intense obsessions mercilessly.\"", "evidence": "This quote was actually penned by gothic novelist Anne Rice in the foreword of a collection of Kafka\u2019s writings published in 1995.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Thomas Jefferson said, \"Do you want to know who you are? Act! Action will delineate and define you!\"", "evidence": "The quote urges you to stop wondering and go out and do something. The things you actually do will define who you are, and who you will become. It will delineate (to draw or make a sketch of) what you are and what you want to be. In other words, that shoe company stole it\u2019s catch phrase from the 3rd President of the United States of America. Just do it? Yep! [...] This quote doesn\u2019t diminish the value of thought, but cautions against an excess of it. Yes, think before you act, but you must also act. Without action, no one can tell if you\u2019re thinking deep thoughts or day dreaming, right? By acting, you become known for what you have done. [...] From: Twitter, @AR_Foundation confirmed at : http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/t/thomasjeff120901.html", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Thomas Jefferson said, \"Do you want to know who you are? Act! Action will delineate and define you!\"", "evidence": "Jefferson\u2019s estate at Monticello considers it a \u201cspurious quotation.\u201d It actually comes from Polish writer Witold Gombrowicz.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "President Donald Trump's campaign claimed that 2024 Democratic vice presidential nominee and Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz was wrong to say that he was in Hong Kong right before the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre.", "evidence": "One of the striking elements of Walz\u2019s biography is his unusually deep connections to China. Walz first visited the country in 1989, just months after the Tiananmen Square protests, and returned to the country some 30 times afterward. As an educator and then a small business owner, he facilitated student groups\u2019 trips to China. As a legislator, he served on the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, which monitors human rights and the rule of law in the country, and co-sponsored resolutions urging the release of democratic activist Liu Xiaobo and remembering the Tiananmen Square victims. [...] Yet in context, it\u2019s clear that Walz was no dupe. During his teaching year, he visited Beijing (a 40-hour trip by rail) and saw Tiananmen Square, according to the Record. As much as Walz loved China and the Chinese people, his attitude toward the Chinese Communist Party was bluntly critical. Tiananmen Square, he told the Record, \"will always have a lot of bitter memories for the people.\" (Walz later chose June 4 as his wedding date so he could \"have a date he\u2019ll always remember,\" according to his wife.)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "President Donald Trump's campaign claimed that 2024 Democratic vice presidential nominee and Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz was wrong to say that he was in Hong Kong right before the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre.", "evidence": "Walz misleadingly claimed to have been in Hong Kong during Tiananmen Square massacre in Beijing Multiple news reports indicate that Democratic vice presidential nominee Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz misleadingly claimed he was in Hong Kong during the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre in Beijing, part of a broader pattern of inaccuracies that Republicans hope to exploit. [...] Minnesota Public Radio reported Monday that publicly available accounts contradict a 2014 statement made by Walz, then a member of the U.S. House, during a hearing that commemorated the 25th anniversary of the massacre. Walz suggested that he was in the then-British colony of Hong Kong in May 1989, but he appears to have been in Nebraska. Public records suggest he left for Hong Kong and China in August of that year.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Kevin McCarthy says Joe Biden was wrong that Hunter made no money from China", "evidence": "Comer claims the email text shows Joe Biden was aware of Hunter Biden\u2019s business with a Chinese company. Comer also claims those business ties influenced President Biden\u2019s policy choices toward China, but it is unclear how. Biden has kept the Trump-era tariffs on China in place and added new export controls on U.S. chipmaking technology since taking office. While he was campaigning for President in Iowa in September 2019, Joe Biden told reporters, \"I have never spoken to my son about his overseas business dealings.\" [...] It does not. What is known about Hunter Biden\u2019s business deals with Ukrainian and Chinese companies creates an impression that he was making a lot of money off the prestige of being Joe Biden\u2019s son, but there isn\u2019t evidence that Hunter Biden\u2019s business transactions have influenced decisions that Joe Biden made as Vice President or as President. There is also no clear evidence that money from Hunter Biden\u2019s business dealings ever made their way to Joe Biden\u2019s accounts. (House Republicans have alleged they don\u2019t have that evidence because of obstruction from the Biden Administration.)", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims that Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw once stated, \"If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas.\"", "evidence": "Petr Florianek Posted November 22, 2012 Share Posted November 22, 2012 my favorite of yours! GULLINBURSTI Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options... [...] J.Arthur Loose Posted November 24, 2012 Share Posted November 24, 2012 That's imposing, Jake- I'm looking forward to seeing where it goes! jloose.com Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options... [...] thomas pludra Posted November 24, 2012 Share Posted November 24, 2012 It\u00b4s not only the high level of your skills that makes me a fan of your works. Especially your historical knives have that certain breath of history, that only few makers are able to put into them. I\u00b4m very curious on the finished piece. Regards Thomas http://www.highland-dirk.ag.vu http://www.messermacher-thomaspludra.de \"If I have an apple and you have an apple and we exchange these apples, then each will still have one apple. But if I have an idea and you have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas\" (George Bernard Shaw) Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims that Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw once stated, \"If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence that Shaw ever said or wrote this saying.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw once stated, \"If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas.\"", "evidence": "\u2026 if you have an apple and I have an apple, and we swap apples \u2014 we each end up with only one apple. But if you and I have an idea and we swap ideas \u2014 we each end up with two ideas. [...] \"If I have a dollar and you have a dollar and we exchange we will be even, but if I have an idea and you have an idea and we exchange you will have two ideas and I will have two ideas\" \u2013F. J. Smolka [...] Was it not George Bernard Shaw who once said, in words I perhaps paraphrase: \"If two men each give one another an apple they still each have only one apple. But if each of them gives the other an idea, they each have two ideas.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The United Nations have a New World Order Website", "evidence": "The alleged document lists myriad so-called \"anti-globalist\" narratives or conspiracy theories rooted in the notion that international institutions like the U.N. and WHO seek control over the global order: NEW WORLD ORDER UN Agenda 21/2030 Mission Goals [...] The former is part of the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. The latter is a resolution adopted by the U.N. General Assembly in 2015 that is focused around achieving 17 goals within 15 years. Neither document includes any of the items on the \"New World Order\" list.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The United Nations have a New World Order Website", "evidence": "The claim is inaccurate. The website and project is not affiliated with the UN.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Irish poet and playwright Oscar Wilde once stated, \"Some cause happiness wherever they go; others whenever they go.\"", "evidence": "A post on Facebook alleges that Irish poet and playwright Oscar Wilde once said, \"Some cause happiness wherever they go; others whenever they go.\" [...] Wilde was a poet, novelist and playwright who featured prominently in the aestheticism movement, in which beauty was considered to be the primary purpose of art. Two of his best known works, the 1895 satirical play \"The Importance of Being Earnest\" and the 1891 philosophical novel \"The Picture of Dorian Gray,\" are both considered literary classics. [...] The expression, attributed to an anonymous author, appeared below an actual Wilde quote in a 1947 book called \"A Little Book of Aphorisms,\" according to the website Quote Investigator, though variations of the saying have appeared in print as early as 1908.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Florida has awarded 11,000 teachers more than $33 million for completing civics training offered by the Florida Dept. of Education", "evidence": "A press release shared to both DeSantis\u2019 and the Florida Department of Education\u2019s websites indicates 11,000 teachers have received $33 million for completing the training. A March release from the Florida Department of Education noted that 4,500 teachers had completed the training at the time.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Says Thomas Jefferson once said, \"That government is best which governs the least, because its people discipline themselves.\"", "evidence": "That government is best which governs least, because its people discipline themselves. -Thomas Jefferson - - Blue Oval Fanatic - Posts: 772 - Joined: Sat Jul 30, 2011 12:22 pm [...] That government is best which governs least, because its people discipline themselves. -Thomas Jefferson - ToughOldFord - 100% FORDified!", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "purports Orthodox relics from Kyiv, Ukraine are set to be auctioned at the Osenat Auction House in France on Oct. 1", "evidence": "Among the sites at risk in the Ukrainian capital are the nation\u2019s most sacred Orthodox shrines, dating back nearly 1,000 years to the dawn of Christianity in the region. The sites, along with other landmark shrines in Kyiv, are religiously significant to both Ukrainian Orthodox and Russian Orthodox. They also stand as powerful symbols in the quarrel over whether the two groups are parts of a single people \u2014 as Russian President Vladimir Putin has claimed \u2014 or are distinct but related Slavic nations. [...] Whether Kyiv\u2019s Orthodox shrines come under direct attack or receive collateral damage, such an action would be a \"total refutation\" of another of Putin\u2019s claims \u2014 to be defending Orthodox Ukrainians loyal to Moscow\u2019s patriarch, Lassin said.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports Orthodox relics from Kyiv, Ukraine are set to be auctioned at the Osenat Auction House in France on Oct. 1", "evidence": "An Oct. 1 auction listed on Osenat\u2019s website focuses on \u201cThe Interiors of Versailles,\u201d not Orthodox relics from Kyiv, as the post suggests. An Osenat spokesperson denied the claim\u2019s validity in an email to Reuters.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin once said, \"If we can effectively kill the national pride and patriotism of just one generation, we will have won that country.\"", "evidence": "Revolutionary activity of Vladimir Lenin The Russian communist revolutionary and politician Vladimir Lenin began his active revolutionary activity in 1892, and continued till assuming power in the Russian Revolution of 1917. Following on from his early life, during which he had become devoted to the cause of revolution against the Tsarist regime in the Russian Empire and converted to Marxism, Lenin moved to St. Petersburg. There he joined a revolutionary cell, and became a vocal advocate for Marxism within the revolutionary socialist movement. Entering a relationship with fellow Marxist Nadezhda Krupskaya, he toured Western Europe to build ties with other Russian revolutionary emigres and learn more about the international Marxist movement. Upon returning to Russia, he was arrested for sedition in 1895 and exiled to Shushenskoye in the Minusinsky District of eastern Siberia for three years. There, he devoted his time to translating and writing revolutionary texts, marrying Krupskaya in July 1898.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin once said, \"If we can effectively kill the national pride and patriotism of just one generation, we will have won that country.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller News Foundation found no evidence that Lenin ever said or wrote this quote.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Rep. Eric Swalwell instantly faced charges after allegedly lying to Rep. Jim Jordan", "evidence": "A video shared on Facebook purports California Democratic Rep. Eric Swalwell instantly faced charges after allegedly lying to Ohio Republican Rep. Jim Jordan. [...] \"\u2018THEY DEFUND F.BI\u2019 Swalwell DESTROYS his career after lying to Jim Jordan\u2026faces CHARGES INSTANTLY,\" the Facebook video, which has received over 3,000 likes at the time of publication, purports. [...] Once Swalwell is finished speaking, he yields back his time to Jordan, who does not bring any charges against him. New Jersey Republican Rep. Jeff Van Drew speaks next but also does not reference Swalwell\u2019s alleged lying or the supposed charges. (RELATED: Did A Fight Break Out During A House Committee Hearing?)", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims American author Agatha Christie said, \"The secret of getting ahead is getting started.\"", "evidence": "\"The secret of getting started is breaking your complex, overwhelming tasks into small manageable tasks, then starting on the first one.\" [...] Why The Secret Of Getting Ahead Is Getting Started 1. Big Dreams Might Seem Unreachable [...] We hope now you know why the secret to getting ahead is getting started and you're inspired to start doing it!", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims American author Agatha Christie said, \"The secret of getting ahead is getting started.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence that this statement originated with Christie.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims American author Agatha Christie said, \"The secret of getting ahead is getting started.\"", "evidence": "[Morning Quote] The secret of getting ahead is getting started [...] There is a timeless piece of wisdom that has inspired generations and continues to fuel the ambitions of entrepreneurs today: \"The secret of getting ahead is getting started,\" as eloquently put by the legendary American author, Mark Twain. This simple yet powerful quote serves as a rallying cry for those who wish to accomplish great things but may be hesitant to take the first step. In this article, we'll explore the importance of getting started, overcoming fear and inertia, and how to harness the momentum of that first step to achieve success. [...] So, take that first step, and remember, \"The secret of getting ahead is getting started.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Jeff Foxworthy created a series of statements distinguishing Republicans from Democrats", "evidence": "A Facebook post credits comedian Jeff Foxworthy with creating a series of statements distinguishing Republicans from Democrats. [...] An award-winning comedian, Foxworthy is known for delivering \"You Might Be a Redneck\" one-liners during his standup routines. The Facebook post, which distinguishes Republicans from Democrats in a series of statements, seems to resemble the format of these popular jokes. (RELATED: Did Steve Harvey Author This Pro-Trump Statement?) Yet, while Foxworthy has supported at least one Republican political candidate in the past, there is no evidence that the comedian made this series of statements. A search of his verified social media accounts didn\u2019t turn up any matches, except for a 2013 Facebook post debunking the attribution.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Jeff Foxworthy created a series of statements distinguishing Republicans from Democrats", "evidence": "Foxworthy debunked the attribution in a 2013 Facebook post.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that author Kurt Vonnegut said, \"Be soft. Do not let the world make you hard. Do not let the pain make you hate. Do not let the bitterness steal your sweetness.\"", "evidence": "Do not let the bitterness steal your sweetness.\" -Kurt Vonnegut \"One day, I just woke up and realized that I can\u2019t touch yesterday. So, why the heck was I letting it touch me?\" -Steve Maraboli \"No one is you and that is your power.\" -Dave Grohl \"If you hear a voice within you say, \u2018You cannot paint\u2019, then by all means paint, and that voice will be silenced.\" -Vincent Van Gogh \"I have flowed, become stagnant, festered, I have fallen from above. Mass, rhythmic, in harmony with my millions of drops, I have rained. I have been earth with the earths. Foaming, humid, I have slept a faceless face down. I have. Had. Lived. Done. Been. All the words that grow before the tip of the tongue, before I reach it. I am a body who has enjoyed creation.\" -H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Cixous \"Don\u2019t take anything personally. Nothing others do is because of you. What others say and do is a projection of their own reality, their own dream.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that author Kurt Vonnegut said, \"Be soft. Do not let the world make you hard. Do not let the pain make you hate. Do not let the bitterness steal your sweetness.\"", "evidence": "\u2018Do Not Let The World Make You Hard\u2019 \u2013 Did Kurt Vonnegut Write This Poem About Bitterness? A post shared on Facebook credits author Kurt Vonnegut with saying, \"Be soft. [...] Vonnegut was an American author best known for his satirical writing style. He wrote several novels that are considered classics, including \"Slaughterhouse-Five\" and \"Cat\u2019s Cradle.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that author Kurt Vonnegut said, \"Be soft. Do not let the world make you hard. Do not let the pain make you hate. Do not let the bitterness steal your sweetness.\"", "evidence": "Dear Tom, Loving all things Kurt, as I do, and working with kids all of my working life I was dee -lighted to find this post of yours (via twitter and retweeted) But even more than this it solidifies what I have been thinking, feeling and planning lately re the redirection of my career. [...] Here is my favourite Kurt quote: \"Be soft. Take pride that even though the rest of the world may disagree, you still believe it to be a beautiful place.\" Really I think it is my life's motto. - 1:04 AM", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "purports to show 15-minute city speed gates that have been installed in Vancouver", "evidence": "The speed gates were installed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a press release from the City of Vancouver. A spokesperson for the City of Vancouver said they were aware of the unsanctioned stickers in an email to Check Your Fact.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "purports to show 15-minute city speed gates that have been installed in Vancouver", "evidence": "- Intertraffic 15 Minute City: Urban Mobility Solution to the Environment? Available online: https://www.intertraffic.com/news/15-minute-city-urban-mobility-solution-to-environment/ (accessed on 31 July 2021). [...] - Borneman, E. What Are 15-Minute Cities? Available online: https://www.geographyrealm.com/what-are-15-minute-cities/ (accessed on 31 July 2021). [...] - Sisson, P. What Is a 15-Minute City? Available online: https://citymonitor.ai/environment/what-is-a-15-minute-city (accessed on 1 August 2021).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said, \"If food runs scarce, it's okay to eat pets.\"", "evidence": "An article circulating online quotes Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.) as saying that eating pets is permissible should food supplies run low. The quote, featured in a story, titled \"Ocasio-Cortez: \u2018If Food Runs Scarce, It\u2019s Okay To Eat Pets,\u2019\" originated on the website BIZ News. [...] \"Look, I don\u2019t know why, if we\u2019re closing everything and being all scared and piling up food and toilet paper, we should have to worry about some dumb dogs and cats too,\" the quote says. \"Like, last time I checked, they didn\u2019t do anything except sit around. And if food does start running short, I mean, sorry Charlie, right? Gawd these glazed are to die for.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Jimmy Carter said, \"If you don't want your tax dollars to help the poor \u2013 then stop saying you want a country based on Christian values, because you don't.\"", "evidence": "There is no record of Carter ever making the statement. Comedian John Fugelsang claimed credit for the quote in 2013.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Jimmy Carter said, \"If you don't want your tax dollars to help the poor \u2013 then stop saying you want a country based on Christian values, because you don't.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Jimmy Carter Say, \u2018If You Don\u2019t Want Your Tax Dollars To Help The Poor \u2013 Then Stop Saying You Want A Country Based On Christian Values, Because You Don\u2019t\u2019? An image shared on Facebook more than 1,200 times claims former President Jimmy Carter said, \"If you don\u2019t want your tax dollars to help the poor \u2013 then stop saying you want a country based on Christian Values, because you don\u2019t.\" [...] While Carter has often spoken and written about the subject of Christianity, there is no evidence that he originated the statement attributed to him in the Facebook post. It does not appear in the Carter Center\u2019s archive of his many speeches and op-eds, nor in the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum\u2019s digital collection.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Jimmy Carter said, \"If you don't want your tax dollars to help the poor \u2013 then stop saying you want a country based on Christian values, because you don't.\"", "evidence": "Former President Jimmy Carter never was quoted as saying that U.S. tax dollars should help the poor or \"stop saying that you want a country based on Christian values.\" Because you don\u2019t!\" the full quote reads. [...] \"Fincher and the GOP ... cut services for the poor and taxes for the rich. And it\u2019s a free country. They\u2019re allowed. Because you don\u2019t. And that\u2019s why representative Fincher is our \u2019revoltingly fake Christian of the week'!\" he said on a Current TV show in May 2013.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Trump said 'Israel has hypnotized the world'", "evidence": "The video shows Trump at a rally saying, \"Israel has hypnotized the world. May Allah awaken the people and help them to see the evil doings of Israel and the United States.\" The post has received more than 116,000 likes. [...] Technically, Trump did say this. At a 2019 campaign rally in Minneapolis, while discussing Minnesota Rep. Ilhan Omar, Trump said, \"Omar wrote that \u2018Israel has hypnotized the world. May Allah awaken the people and help them to see the evil doings of Israel and the United States.'\" [...] In November 2012, when fighting had erupted over the Gaza Strip, Omar wrote on Twitter, \"Israel has hypnotized the world, may Allah awaken the people and help them see the evil doings of Israel.\" That was about six years before she took office in 2019, becoming one of the first two Muslim women elected to Congress. Omar has since called her words in that tweet \"unfortunate.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "purports Trump said 'Israel has hypnotized the world'", "evidence": "Trump was not making a statement about Israel, but rather referencing comments Democratic Minnesota Rep. Ilhan Omar had made about the country.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Trump said 'Israel has hypnotized the world'", "evidence": "Ilhan Omar Admits \u2018Israel Hypnotizes The World\u2019 Tweet Was \u2018Ugly\u2019 Representative Ilhan Omar has apologized for a tweet she wrote in 2012, in which she said that \"Israel has hypnotized the world\" during the war with Gaza.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show Hawaiians being evicted from their properties following the recent wildfires in Lahaina", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: No, Hawaiians Are Not Being Evicted From Their Properties Following The Maui Wildfires A video shared on X, the social media platform previously known as Twitter, purports to show Hawaiians being evicted from their properties following the recent wildfires in Lahaina. [...] The video is not linked to the recent wildfires in Lahaina, however. The video clip shared via the X video originally stems from a trailer for the 1985 documentary, \"Waimanalo Eviction.\" (RELATED: No, Video Does Not Show Lights In Maui Sky Before The Wildfires)", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer once stated, \"It\u2019s racist to only allow citizens to vote.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence Schumer ever made the statement. It appears to be a distortion of an August 2017 post Schumer published on Medium.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Trey Gowdy made a statement defending the transgender military ban", "evidence": "Transgender Military Ban: 5 Facts That Rebut Trump\u2019s Claims", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims Trey Gowdy made a statement defending the transgender military ban", "evidence": "Trey Gowdy is a former Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from the state of South Carolina. He served from 2011 to 2019. On January 31, 2018, Gowdy announced that he would not seek re-election. He said, \"There is a time to come and a time to go. This is the right time, for me, to leave politics and return to the justice system.\"[1] [...] On January 31, 2018, Gowdy announced that he would not seek re-election. He said, \"There is a time to come and a time to go. This is the right time, for me, to leave politics and return to the justice system.\"[1] [...] Gowdy was one of four members of congress who ranked 80th in the conservative rankings in 2011.[135]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The New York Times reported that \u201cBarbie\u201d director Greta Gerwig was unhappy with movie character Ken into an icon", "evidence": "A photo shared on X, the platform formerly known as Twitter, alleges the New York Times reported \"Barbie\" director Greta Gerwig was unhappy with men turning movie character Ken \"into an icon.\" [...] An X image purportedly shows a New York Times article reporting that Gerwig is unhappy with the popularity of movie character Ken among her male audience. The tweet has almost 300k views. \"Greta Gerwig is not happy with men turning Ken from her film \u2018Barbie\u2019 into an icon,\" the alleged headline reads. Text underneath claims Gerwig said, \"You spend so much time crafting a film for women and girls around the world so you can inspire them and then incels online culturally appropriate it.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The New York Times reported that \u201cBarbie\u201d director Greta Gerwig was unhappy with movie character Ken into an icon", "evidence": "Greta Gerwig does not look at Mattel\u2019s iconic doll, and her \"boyfriend\" Ken, strictly as archetypes of women and men. Barbieland seems like an idyllic haven for Margot Robbie\u2019s Barbie and her friends, but when thoughts start to get heavy, and she finds herself faced with the real world, she realizes that nothing is as perfect as it seems. This film could have coasted by on being a silly comedy, or been a girl power adventure, but Gerwig and Noah Baumbach want to dig deeper into the ways in which society pigeonholes both women and men while also making a delightfully energetic comedy. The ways women can take different messages from Barbie as an icon, and how Ken represents both internalized and externalized forms of toxic masculinity, are profound thematic takeaways from this film, and Gerwig is a born filmmaker capable of juggling all of them in a film as beautifully visualized, and delightfully enjoyable, as this one.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that 40 percent of Iowa's incarcerated population is black.", "evidence": "The racial disparities in Iowa\u2019s prisons are more extreme than almost anywhere else in the country, with Black Iowans imprisoned at a rate 11 times that of white Iowans. As part of our series of reports on systemic racism in Iowa, IPR examines how Iowa got here and the role that prosecutors play in these disparities. [...] Census numbers show just 4 percent of the state\u2019s population is Black. But as of 2016, 25 percent of incarcerated Iowans were Black. [...] Effectively one in every five Black Iowans in prison was convicted in Black Hawk County alone.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that 40 percent of Iowa's incarcerated population is black.", "evidence": "Enumerating prisoners in this manner dilutes the votes of urban and rural areas that do not have a prison within their jurisdiction. For example, nearly 40 percent of the inmates in Pennsylvania\u2019s state prisons come from Philadelphia, which has no state prisons in its city limits (Elliott-Engel, 2009). For census and redistricting purposes, these Philadelphia citizens\u2014nearly all of whom are black or Latino\u2014are considered residents of the counties where they are imprisoned. These tend to be predominantly white, rural districts.8 [...] Race and ethnicity play a crucial role in these developments. On one level, the disproportionate number of blacks, Hispanics, and other historically disadvantaged groups among the incarcerated, though striking, is not altogether surprising. The social deprivation and spatial isolation of the poor and the less educated, many of whom are members of minority groups living in urban areas, tend to foster criminal acts that result in a prison sentence or other penal sanctions. Members of these groups also are at heightened risk of drawing severe sanctions because of intense state surveillance in their communities (see, e.g., Duneier, 1999; Anderson, 1999; Bourgois, 1995; Wilson, 1968, Chapter 2; Herbert, 1997). The limited legal, social, and other resources available to them once they have become involved in the criminal justice system compound the problem.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims Sen. Mitt Romney has purportedly 'resigned in disgrace'", "evidence": "There is no evidence supporting the claim. Romney recently announced he would not be seeking re-election in 2024, however, according to The Associated Press.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A bill would revoke custody from parents who refused gender-affirming care", "evidence": "TRANSGENDER WOMAN FINISHES IN FIRST PLACE AT NEW YORK CITY CYCLING EVENT, SPARKS OUTRAGE \"Gender-affirming care is life-saving health care,\" Finke told reporters ahead of debate on the bill. \"Withholding or delaying gender-affirming care can have a dramatic impact on the mental health of any individual who needs it. Rates of depression, suicide, substance abuse are dramatically higher in transgender and gender-expansive individuals who lack access to care.\" [...] \"The most insidious aspect of this bill is the language that adds children who are being denied \u2018gender-affirming care\u2019 (defined as everything from therapy to hormone blockers, to transition surgery) to what amounts to the definition for a child \u2018in need of protection or services\u2019 in Minnesota, allowing the courts to take \u2018emergency custody\u2019 of the child,\" said Bob Roby, a licensed attorney in Minnesota with more than 30 years experience in family and juvenile court. [...] \"This kind of court power has a long-standing precedent in Minnesota for keeping children safe. When a child is at risk of being harmed by a parent or custodian, the state has immediate authority to remove and protect the child from harm. Without this, there would be no way to protect children in those situations,\" Roby told Fox News Digital in an email. \"To add children who are being denied \u2018gender affirming care\u2019 to the definition of children in need of this kind of drastic emergency action is obviously unwarranted.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "A bill would revoke custody from parents who refused gender-affirming care", "evidence": "Proposed California bill would brand parents abusive if they refuse to affirm their transgender children's identity - and let social workers take youngsters into care - Assembly Bill 957 would classify not affirming a child's gender as 'abuse' [...] A proposed amendment to a bill in California would classify parents who refuse to affirm their child's gender as abusive and could result in revoked custody. [...] A proposed amendment to a bill in California would classify parents who refuse to affirm their child's gender as abusive and could result in revoked custody", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "A bill would revoke custody from parents who refused gender-affirming care", "evidence": "There is no evidence for this claim. The bill\u2019s text does not mention revoking custody from parents.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that playwright William Shakespeare once stated, \"Expectation is the root of all heartache.\"", "evidence": "As the brilliantly creative William Shakespeare said, \"Expectation is the root of all heartache.\" Although Shakespeare coined the phrase, I heard it first from the brilliantly creative Andrew Obrecht. The simple and powerful message warns us to be mindful to not create expectations we cannot commit to, and to not attach to expectations that are outside our control. [...] Yes, unmet expectations can cause heartache. But what is life without a little heartache? Sometimes our unmet expectations are a signal that we are not getting what we need from a relationship, but generally, I would say, we each need to practice not being the center of the universe. I still create expectations, but I am mindful to not blame others or get all torn up when my version of the future doesn't match reality. I still get a little perturbed when I expect to be taken out for dinner but I come home to a tired husband who wants a night in. But I ask myself, \"Is this worth spending energy on?\" Although I still get caught in expectations, I snap myself out of their hold pretty quickly when I notice my energy has shifted into a place of unnecessary negativity.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims that George Washington once said, \"Agriculture is the most healthful, most useful and most noble employment of man.\"", "evidence": "Reflecting on quotation from George Washington the MP also said, \"Agriculture is the most healthful, most useful, and most noble employment of man\".", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims that George Washington once said, \"Agriculture is the most healthful, most useful and most noble employment of man.\"", "evidence": "The farmers, therefore, are the founders of human civilization.\" \u2013 Daniel Webster \"A good farmer is nothing more nor less than a handy man with a sense of humus.\" \u2013 E.B. White \"You know, farming looks mighty easy when your plow is a pencil, and you\u2019re a thousand miles from the corn field.\" \u2013 Dwight D. Eisenhower \"The farmer is the only man in our economy who buys everything at retail, sells everything at wholesale, and pays the freight both ways.\" \u2013 John F. Kennedy \"Agriculture is our wisest pursuit, because it will in the end contribute most to real wealth, good morals & happiness.\" \u2013 Thomas Jefferson \"The farmer has to be an optimist or he wouldn\u2019t still be a farmer.\" \u2013 Will Rogers \"The ultimate goal of farming is not the growing of crops, but the cultivation and perfection of human beings.\" \u2013 Masanobu Fukuoka \"The master\u2019s eye is the best fertilizer.\" \u2013 Pliny the Elder \"We have neglected the truth that a good farmer is a craftsman of the highest order, a kind of artist.\" \u2013 Wendell Berry \"Agriculture is the most healthful, most useful and most noble employment of man.\" \u2013 George Washington", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Marilyn Monroe once stated, \"Give a girl the right shoes and she can conquer the world.\"", "evidence": "W. Gordon\u00b7FollowPublished inMANIFESTOS FROM THE 21 LAWS\u00b7Nov 12, 2021--Share\"Give a girl the right shoes, and she can conquer the world.\" \u2014 Marilyn Monroe", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Marilyn Monroe once stated, \"Give a girl the right shoes and she can conquer the world.\"", "evidence": "Give a girl the right shoes, and she can conquer the world Quotes 0 ratings, 0.00 average rating, 1 review [...] Showing 1-1 of 1 \u2015 Give a girl the right shoes, and she can conquer the world: Marilyn Monroe's Most Beautiful Quotes, Icon of beauty and pin up girl, Lined Notebook , 110 pages, (6\"\u00d79\") inches", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Marilyn Monroe once stated, \"Give a girl the right shoes and she can conquer the world.\"", "evidence": "\"Give the girl the right shoes, and she can conquer the world\" is one of the most popular shoe related quotes out there. Someone say it is what Marilyn Monroe said, someone oppose, I guess it is hard to tell for sure. In any case, let me proudly introduce you to my \"right shoes for conquering the world\" \u2013 the Danner boots.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Italian doctor Sergio Kerr was arrested for murdering more than 3,000 coronavirus patients", "evidence": "\"Italy arrest (sic) doctor for intentionally killing over 3,000 coronavirus patients,\" the post\u2019s title says. A photo shows a man in tan scrubs walking in handcuffs and flanked by law enforcement. The story goes on to say that Dr. Sergio Kerr \"administered Benadryl, Ditropan and doxepin which are anticholinergic medications which worsen pneumonia.\" [...] A doctor accused of murdering more than 3,000 people, not to mention coronavirus patients, would draw wide media attention. And yet searching for information about Dr. Sergio Kerr, we found no such reports. [...] News NT, Italy arrest doctor for intentionally killing over 3,000 coronavirus patients, visited April 2, 2020", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims President Lincoln once stated, \"It\u2019s not the years in your life that count. It\u2019s the life in your years.\"", "evidence": "The saying does not appear in any of Lincoln\u2019s written works.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims President Lincoln once stated, \"It\u2019s not the years in your life that count. It\u2019s the life in your years.\"", "evidence": "It\u2019s The Life In Your Years \u2013 Abraham Lincoln Ever stumbled upon that famous quote by Abraham Lincoln, \"In the end, it\u2019s not the years in your life that count. [...] So, let\u2019s take his advice to heart and truly live, not just exist. After all, it\u2019s the life in your years that truly counts!", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims President Lincoln once stated, \"It\u2019s not the years in your life that count. It\u2019s the life in your years.\"", "evidence": "That is not an Abraham Lincoln quote, even though it's attributed to Lincoln by a hundred internet sources. Doesn't sound one bit like Lincoln, and that trite parallel phrase switching is a mostly 21st Century habit that is really tiresome. We can all think of lots of examples -- \"Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but the number of moments that take your breath away.\" That sentence construction is especially popular in meaningless management and leadership slogans like, \"The conventional definition of management is getting work done through people, but real management is developing people through work.\" (Agha Abedi). Then there's the Mark Twain quote that is maybe the historical template for this habit, \"\"It's not the size of the dog in the fight, it's the size of the fight in the dog.\" [...] The quote \"It's not the years in your life but the life in your years\" is often attributed to Abraham Lincoln, although there is no concrete evidence that he actually said or wrote those exact words. [...] Abraham Lincoln said it", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Blake Shelton canceled a $30 million contract with Country Music Television", "evidence": "Although Shelton would secure a contract with Giant Records, it would be April 2001 before his first single was released. Originally titled \"If This Is Austin,\" the song was penned by relative newcomers David Kent and Kirsti Manna, neither of whom had yet scored a major hit at the time. Manna\u2019s previous claim to fame was as host of a children\u2019s TV series called Kirsti\u2019s Manor, while Kent\u2019s \"Beyond the Blue\" was a 1995 album cut for Martina McBride.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims that actor Tom Selleck \"praised\" Donald Trump in a \"meeting\" with Breitbart", "evidence": "- He explained that when he labeled the Trump Tower meeting with Russians 'treasonous' he was criticizing Paul Manafort, who should have known better - Donald Trump Jr, Bannon said, 'is both a patriot and a good man,' as he complimented the president for his political savvy - Bannon also played up his longtime loyalty, claiming, 'I am the only person to date to conduct a global effort to preach the message of Trump and Trumpism' [...] Bannon apologized to President Trump and his son, Donald Trump Jr, on Sunday, for slamming a June 2016 Trump Tower meeting that's come under scrutiny from the feds as 'treasonous.' He claims now that he was talking about ex-campaign hand Paul Manafort, not Trump Jr, made he made the remarks to an author of a tell-all book. [...] Heaping praise on the president, Bannon said, Trump, 'was the only candidate that could have taken on and defeated the Clinton apparatus.'", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims that actor Tom Selleck \"praised\" Donald Trump in a \"meeting\" with Breitbart", "evidence": "The Daily Caller found no evidence that Selleck \u201cpraised\u201d Trump in a \u201cmeeting\u201d with Breitbart. Most of the words in the post actually come from a Breitbart interview with actor Jon Voight.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show President Joe Biden with a bruise on his forehead while meeting with NATO in Poland", "evidence": "The photos show ashes Biden received on Ash Wednesday during a private Catholic Mass, according to The Hill.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that fast food chain Chick-fil-A will now open on Sundays, but \u201conly for black people.\u201d", "evidence": "Meanwhile, what about anyone else not living according to Mr. Cathy\u2019s reading of the Bible? If someone works on Sunday, should they be denied service at Chick-fil-A during the week? Mr. Cathy believes in one marriage for life: saying of his company, \"we are a family-owned business, a family-led business, and we are married to our first wives.\" What about those who failed at their first marriage and are now working on wife number two, three or four? What if you are a liar, can you go to Chick-fil-A to have your perverse tongue cut-out? In Leviticus it says touching the skin of a pig makes one unclean. Should football players who love to toss the pigskin around be denied service? Or is it okay to play football only at the Chick-fil-A Bowl because that game starts with an invocation? [...] 4. A dangerous game of chickenThe majority of Chick-fil-A\u2019s 1,600 restaurants are located in the Bible belt. I happen to like the fact that they are all closed on Sundays. Mr. Cathy I am sure spends his Sundays much in the way I spend mine: with family. And no matter what rights Mr. Cathy might want to deny my friends and family, his type of bigotry will not change who I am, who I love and even what I eat. Who knew a simple chicken sandwich could be so complicated.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "An African President shared is support for Trump after he was arrested", "evidence": "The booking photo was taken on August 24, when Trump was arrested in Fulton County, Georgia, on charges connected to his efforts to overturn his defeat in the state in the 2020 election. [...] Facts First: National public polls do not show anything close to an increase of \"four and five times\" in Black support for Trump since his mug shot was taken, either in a race against President Joe Biden or in his own favorability rating; Trump\u2019s campaign did not respond to CNN\u2019s request to identify any poll that corroborates Trump\u2019s claim. Most polls conducted after the release of the mug shot did find a higher level of Black support for Trump than he had in previous polls \u2013 but the increases were within the polls\u2019 margins of error, not massive spikes, so it\u2019s not clear whether there was a genuine improvement or the bump was just statistical noise. In addition, one poll found a decline in Trump\u2019s strength with Black voters in a race against Biden, while another found a decline in his favorability with Black respondents even as he improved in a race against Biden. [...] One of the five polls, by Emerson College, showed Trump\u2019s standing with Black registered voters worsening after the mug shot was released, though this change was also within the margin of error. In Emerson\u2019s mid-August poll, Trump had about 27% Black support in a race against Biden; in its late-August poll, he had about 19% support.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "An African President shared is support for Trump after he was arrested", "evidence": "A simple check of a few news sites is a sure-fire way to verify that Mr Trump hasn't been arrested or even indicted - at least, not yet. If and when Mr Trump does face charges, his arrest will make headline news all around the world. And you can imagine the media flurry if the former president were to somehow flee from police.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Winston Churchill said, \"Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.\"", "evidence": "Winston Churchill is one of the most quoted leaders of all time, yet many modern citations put words in the lion\u2019s mouth. You\u2019ve probably heard this one: \"Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen\" (looking at you, RG3). As Churchill himself said, \"Verify your quotations.\" For this reason, we\u2019ve put together 10 authenticated Churchill quotes on important subjects. [...] \"People who are not prepared to do unpopular things and defy clamor of the multitude are not fit to be ministers in times of difficulty.\" [...] \"We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender!\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "ABC has canceled 'The View'", "evidence": "There is no evidence ABC has canceled \u201cThe View.\u201d The claim stems from a satirical website.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "ABC has canceled 'The View'", "evidence": "We are tired of listening to them whine & complain! I used to love The View, but stopped watching years ago, because I'm tired of hearing their constant bashing. Now I'm tired of ABC allowing this. Let's let ABC know how many want The View cancelled because of what it has turned into. You want a better view? Replace half of the hosts with some conservatives. When Whoopie loses her temper again... she should be fired, as any other Network has done. Let's be fair, keep it real! Get some hosts to stand up to these women and have an adult debate to keep us all entertained. Fire the ones who lose their temper & cannot be an adult about a different \"view\" then you can have a show. Otherwise, cancel this one sided, woman whining, liberal show that's offending so many others.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Chick-fil-A donated $1.8 million to Anti-LGBTQ groups after promising not to", "evidence": "The caption is inaccurate. There is no evidence that they have donated to the organizations they received backlash for donating to recently.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Thomas Paine said, \"Give to every other human being every right that you claim for yourself.\"", "evidence": "Paine did not author this statement. It is actually a line from orator Robert G. Ingersoll.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Thomas Paine said, \"Give to every other human being every right that you claim for yourself.\"", "evidence": "Thomas Paine is a transatlantic political icon, a plain-speaking revolutionary campaigner whose writings\u2014more than those of any other figure\u2014captured the zeitgeist of the two most significant political events of the eighteenth century: the American and French revolutions. As far as public consciousness is concerned, his enduring political legacy is curiously schizophrenic in that he is lauded at once by the libertarian right in the United States and the socialist and social democratic left in Britain. Despite having been the subject of much valuable scholarly attention throughout the twentieth century, there has been little interest expressed in Paine that has not been of a purely historical or biographical nature.Footnote 1 This is in one sense unsurprising, given his role as a prominent political actor and the fascinating, tumultuous life that he led, parts of which remain mysterious.Footnote 2 However, at the same time, there has been a marked neglect shown to the distinct theoretical content of his writings. He is customarily treated as a mere \"vulgarizer of Locke,\"Footnote 3 a rhetorician, pamphleteer, and polemicist rather than a political theorist of any note.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims Thomas Paine said, \"Give to every other human being every right that you claim for yourself.\"", "evidence": "Quotes of the Week: Our God-Given Rights \"I am an American; free born and free bred, where I acknowledge no man as my superior, except for his own worth, or as my inferior, except for his own demerit.\" \u2015 Theodore Roosevelt \"Whoever would overthrow the liberty of a nation must begin by subduing the freeness of speech.\" \u2015 Benjamin Franklin, Silence Dogood / The Busy-Body / Early Writings \"Those who expect to reap the blessings of freedom, must, like men, undergo the fatigues of supporting it.\" \u2015 Thomas Paine \"This is my doctrine: Give every other human being every right you claim for yourself.\" \u2015 Robert G. Ingersoll, The Liberty Of Man, Woman And Child \"Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.\" \u2015 John Milton , Areopagitica", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that Albert Einstein once said, \"Two things inspire me to awe \u2013 the starry heavens above and the moral universe within.\"", "evidence": "- As discussed in this entry from The Quote Investigator, the earliest published attribution of a similar quote to Einstein seems to have been in Gestalt therapist Frederick S. Perls' 1969 book Gestalt Theory Verbatim, where he wrote on p. 33: \"As Albert Einstein once said to me: 'Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity.' But what is much more widespread than the actual stupidity is the playing stupid, turning off your ear, not listening, not seeing.\" Perls also offered another variant in his 1972 book In and Out the Garbage Pail, where he mentioned a meeting with Einstein and on p. 52 quoted him saying: \"Two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I am not yet completely sure about the universe.\" [...] - If Einstein said this, he was almost certainly quoting philosopher Immanuel Kant's words from the conclusion to the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), translated in Paul Guyer's The Cambridge Companion to Kant (p. 1) as: \"Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the more often and steadily we reflect upon them: the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Albert Einstein once said, \"Two things inspire me to awe \u2013 the starry heavens above and the moral universe within.\"", "evidence": "Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the more often and steadily we reflect upon them: the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me. The starry heavens represent the physical world. Kant\u2019s moral law evokes an inner stirring. \"Gesetz\" usually translates as \"law,\" but it can also mean \"act.\" Clearly, as a moral response arising within me, it describes my will. Despite his count of \"zwei Dinge\" or \"two things,\" Kant\u2019s quote actually points to a 3rd elementary impenetrable as well. Notice how the quote moves from universal references to mind (Gem\u00fct) and thoughtful reflection (Nachdenken) over to the highly personal \"starry heavens above me\" (\u00fcber mir) and \"moral law within me\" (in mir). The power of his expression derives from his personal position midway between physical and ethical space. Likewise, I find myself positioned between the physical world and the will inside me.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Albert Einstein once said, \"Two things inspire me to awe \u2013 the starry heavens above and the moral universe within.\"", "evidence": "If Einstein said this, he was almost certainly quoting philosopher Immanuel Kant's words from the conclusion to the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), translated in Paul Guyer's The Cambridge Companion to Kant (p. 1) as: \"Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the more often and steadily we reflect upon them: the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me.\"Albert Einstein \u00bb Albert Einstein - all quotes \u00bb", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Republican presidential candidate Vivek Ramaswamy claimed in a July 12 interview that he voted for the first time in 2020.", "evidence": "Strengths: Former tech and finance executive Vivek Ramaswamy is a fresh, young diverse face for most Americans, has a sterling educational background and comes from the business world, which is traditionally valued in the GOP primary. He has been a prominent voice in conservative circles, arguing against the environmental, social and governance (ESG) movement and against \"woke\"-ism. That could help him with white-collar Republicans, who want an alternative to Trump.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Former Republican Texas Representative Will Hurd claimed in an August 13 interview that 141 people drowned in the Rio Grande river in 2022.", "evidence": "The Missing Migrants Project states that 140 migrants have died from drowning in 2022, though the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has not released its data from FY 2022.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Former Republican Texas Representative Will Hurd claimed in an August 13 interview that 141 people drowned in the Rio Grande river in 2022.", "evidence": "Aired August 13, 2023 - 09:00 ET [...] FMR. REP. WILL HURD (R-TX), PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE: The GOP should be a party that appreciates a competition of ideas. [...] And so this -- we should be upset about all of this. And 5.5 million people coming into the country illegally is unacceptable. Last year, there was a drowning case, two drowning cases a couple of weeks ago. But, last year, 141 people drowned in the Rio Grande -- in the Rio Grande River. And nobody was talking about that.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Italy has replaced Pride month with 'Family Pride Month'", "evidence": "Colourful displays for the first Pride event since the COVID-19 pandemic drew large crowds in support of Italy's LGBTI+ community and the country's minorities. Thousands of people gathered in the centre of the Italian capital on Saturday to celebrate the return of Rome Pride -- the first after the COVID lockdown. [...] Participants travelled in colourfully decorated trucks from Piazza della Repubblica in front of the Termini railway station to reach the Piazza Venezia square, a central hub in Rome.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims that author Charles Dickens once said, \"Happiness is a gift and the trick is not to expect it but to delight in it when it comes.\"", "evidence": "Happiness is a gift and the trick is not to expect it, but to delight in it when it comes\" is a profound quote that encapsulates the essence of appreciating happiness when it arrives, rather than constantly anticipating it. It suggests that happiness is not a given, but a gift \u2013 something that is not always present, but when it arrives, it should be cherished and appreciated. The quote also implies that the expectation of happiness could lead to disappointment. When we set expectations for happiness, we often tie it to specific outcomes or circumstances. If these conditions are not met, we may feel let down. However, if we let go of these expectations and instead find joy in the moments of happiness when they come, we are more likely to appreciate them fully. In today\u2019s world, where instant gratification is often sought, this quote is particularly relevant. We are often in a rush to find happiness, to achieve it as if it were a goal. However, this approach can lead to dissatisfaction, as the happiness we seek is often fleeting or not as fulfilling as we imagined. By viewing happiness as a gift and not an expectation, we can learn to appreciate it more when it does arrive, and not be disheartened when it doesn\u2019t.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims that author Charles Dickens once said, \"Happiness is a gift and the trick is not to expect it but to delight in it when it comes.\"", "evidence": "This weekend I read an article on the BBC website about Charles Dickens\u2019s cultural longevity and why he is still so much a part of our modern life. I was drawn to this article especially as I recently finished reading the acclaimed biography of Charles Dickens by the outstanding biographer Claire Tomalin. [...] The author of the BBC article John Gray said: \"Charles Dickens was a close observer of human nature who found endless interest in the theatre of ordinary life\". And these observations are so clearly shown in his novels. I\u2019d like to share with you 16 of my favourite quotes by Charles Dickens. Some of them appear in his books and are uttered by his characters whilst others were said by him.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims two pipeline workers in Chicago were purportedly given water bottles laced with fentanyl", "evidence": "No, two workers weren't harmed by fentanyl-laced water in Chicago area | Fact check The claim: Two pipeline workers were given fentanyl-laced water bottles in Chicago suburbs [...] \"We regret to inform you of a tragic incident that occurred two days ago involving NPL Pipeline Company in the Chicago suburbs,\" reads the letter, which is dated July 20. \"During the project, two flaggers were offered bottles of water by an unknown individual in a passing car. Sadly, one of the flaggers lost their life, and the other is currently in critical condition. After conducting an investigation, it is suspected that the water provided to the flaggers was laced with fentanyl.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "A post shared on Instagram claims to show a Ukrainian tank disguised as a house.", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: No, Video Does Not Show A Ukrainian Tank Disguised As A House [...] The text in the video reads, \"A Ukrainian tank uses a house as camouflage.\" This video, however, shows a house on wheels created by a Ukrainian civilian. The house was featured in news reports before the Russian invasion began in February 2022. For example, the Ukrainian outlet 34 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b ran a news segment on the machine in September 2020 and shared it on its YouTube channel.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims actor Clint Eastwood authored a long statement in favor of President Donald Trump that starts by saying, \"I love when people call Trump Stupid.\"", "evidence": "In real life, it seems Clint Eastwood has slowly morphed from the justice-loving \"Dirty Harry\" to his cranky old man character from \"Gran Torino,\" complaining about today\u2019s generation and regretting the past, especially that speech to a chair. [...] As Eastwood told it to Esquire, he was apparently hanging out backstage at the RNC, listening to Neil Diamond\u2019s \"I Am, I Said.\" In case you\u2019re suffering a Diamond drought, here\u2019s the tune: [...] He doesn\u2019t agree with everything Trump says \u2014 \"He\u2019s said a lot of dumb things,\" Eastwood said \u2014 but he thinks that voters need to \"just \u2026 get over it.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims actor Clint Eastwood authored a long statement in favor of President Donald Trump that starts by saying, \"I love when people call Trump Stupid.\"", "evidence": "The claim: Actor Clint Eastwood authored a pro-Trump post [...] The claim that Clint Eastwood is the author behind the viral \"I love when people call Trump stupid\" post is FALSE, based on our research. An almost identical version of the text is from a letter to the editor to a local paper from a New Hampshire state representative. There is no evidence Eastwood wrote the post. - The Eagle-Tribune, Sept. 30, 2019, Letter: Don\u2019t be brainwashed by what the Democrats tell you - Fred Doucette, Sept. 22, 2019, Facebook post - Massachusetts Republican Party, Nov. 24, 2019, Facebook post - BBC, 1986: Eastwood voted mayor by landslide - The Washington Post, Aug. 4, 2016, Clint Eastwood explains \u2014 and regrets \u2014 his speech to an empty chair - Wall Street Journal, Feb. 21, A Hollywood Legend Talks Politics - Check Your Fact, Jan. 7, FACT CHECK: \u2018I LOVE WHEN PEOPLE CALL TRUMP STUPID\u2019 \u2013 DID CLINT EASTWOOD AUTHOR THIS STATEMENT ABOUT TRUMP?", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims actor Clint Eastwood authored a long statement in favor of President Donald Trump that starts by saying, \"I love when people call Trump Stupid.\"", "evidence": "New Hampshire State Rep. Fred Doucette actually wrote an extremely similar statement as a letter to a local newspaper last year. The statement may have gotten linked to Eastwood after the Massachusetts Republican Party shared Doucette\u2019s letter with a meme featuring Eastwood\u2019s likeness.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "one of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\u2019s daughters sits on the board of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts", "evidence": "The youngest of seven children and the only girl, Pelosi grew up like royalty. Her father Thomas D\u2019Alesandro Jr. was a member of Congress when she was born, in 1940, and the mayor of Baltimore by the time she was 7. When young Nancy wasn\u2019t being ferried to a Catholic girls\u2019 school, she was attending her father\u2019s ceremonial events or helping him get out the vote. Her father\u2019s ancestors had immigrated from Genoa, Venice and Abruzzo, her mother\u2019s from the southern Italian city of Campobasso. The family lived in a three-story brick row house in the heart of Little Italy, a blue collar community near Baltimore\u2019s industrial waterfront. The house appears vacant now; Pelosi points it out to me as we drive by. (We had planned to take a walking tour, but it\u2019s a cold day, and she detests the cold.) A few blocks over, there are hipster restaurants and lofts, but in this part of town, the corners still feature traditional pasta houses.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "one of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\u2019s daughters sits on the board of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts", "evidence": "The Daily Caller didn\u2019t find any evidence that any of Pelosi\u2019s four daughters sit on the board of the Kennedy Center. A spokeswoman for the Kennedy Center confirmed that Pelosi\u2019s children have no affiliation with the institution.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show former President Donald Trump dancing with a 13-year-old girl", "evidence": "A scan using Hive Moderation reveals the image is 99% likely to have been created using artificial intelligence (AI).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Winston Churchill once stated, \"A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.\"", "evidence": "What is one fact about yourself that might surprise people? [...] What is your favorite quote? I have two favorite quotes: \"If you don\u2019t like something, change it. If you can\u2019t change it, change your attitude.\"\u2014Maya Angelou \"A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.\"\u2014Winston Churchill", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Winston Churchill once stated, \"A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.\"", "evidence": "Summary: Winston Churchill's quote, \"A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty,\" encapsulates the contrasting perspectives of pessimism and optimism. While a pessimist tends to focus on the problems and challenges that come with each opportunity, an optimist views those difficulties as potential stepping stones for growth and success. This distinction is significant as it directly impacts one's outlook on life, problem-solving abilities, and overall happiness.Introduction: Beyond the plain meaning of Churchill's quote lies a deeper philosophical concept called \"the paradox of duality.\" This concept suggests that contrasting elements, such as light and dark, good and evil, or in this case, pessimism and optimism, are inextricably intertwined. Exploring this paradox through the lens of Churchill's quote allows us to delve into the complexities of human perception and the power of mindset in shaping our lives. Let us embark on this intellectual journey, reflecting on the importance of this quote and uncovering the deeper meaning within.Body: Pessimism, defined as a tendency to see the worst in every situation, often stems from fear and a focus on potential risks or failures.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Winston Churchill once stated, \"A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller News Foundation found no record of Churchill ever saying or writing this expression.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "until the 1960s, Indigenous Australians were classified as animals under the Flora and Fauna Act", "evidence": "\"I know that until the 1967 referendum altered our constitution to include all Australians as enfranchised citizens, our first peoples were regulated by the Flora & Fauna Act.\" What I presume Pickering means is not just that the Flora and Fauna Act covered Indigenous people along with everyone else, or even that it mentioned them specially (say, to give them rights to hunt on the land), but that lawmakers classed Indigenous people as \"fauna\". [...] Minor update, January 2022: The Indigenous actor Shareena Clanton also made the flora and fauna claim on ABC TV\u2019s Q&A, to Josh Frydenberg. \"My mother was born in 1965 and she was not considered a human being until the referendum came through from the flora and fauna act in 1967.\" Nyunggai Warren Mundine pushed back.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "until the 1960s, Indigenous Australians were classified as animals under the Flora and Fauna Act", "evidence": "- Until the mid-60s, Indigenous Australians came under the Flora and Fauna Act, which classified them as animals, not human beings. This also meant that killing an indigenous Australian meant you weren\u2019t killing a human being, but an animal. \"I was a child. It still staggers me that for the first 10 years of my life, I existed under the Flora and Fauna Act of NSW.\" Linda Burney MP - Forcibly removed from their parents under government policy. Children stolen from their families, creating the Stolen Generation.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that William Shakespeare said, \"All glory comes from daring to begin.\"", "evidence": "The statement appears nowhere in Shakespeare\u2019s writing. It actually comes from writer and politician Eugene Ware\u2018s 1889 poem.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that William Shakespeare said, \"All glory comes from daring to begin.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Shakespeare Say, \u2018All Glory Comes From Daring To Begin\u2019? An image shared on Facebook claims that playwright William Shakespeare said, \"All glory comes from daring to begin.\" The statement appears nowhere in Shakespeare\u2019s writing. It actually comes from writer and politician Eugene Ware\u2018s 1889 poem.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "London Mayor said travel to minority House of worship are exempt from emissions-zone charge", "evidence": "The claim is inaccurate. There is no evidence that this statement was made.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Pope Francis said alcoholics, autistic and disabled people should be euthanized to 'fight climate change'", "evidence": "By Lisa Zengarini \"Welcoming people with disabilities and responding to their needs is a duty of the civil and ecclesial communities,\" Pope Francis said during an audience on Saturday with a group of disabled people from Italy in the Vatican on the occasion of the annual observance of the International Day of Persons with Disabilities (IDPD), which is celebrated on December 3. [...] Concluding the Pope encouraged Christian communities in their work for people with disabilities, saying their testimony is a concrete sign of peace and hope for a more humane and fraternal world in these times of war.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports to show the U.S. chasing a Canadian unidentified flying object (UFO) in order to shoot it down", "evidence": "USAF F-84 chased UFO, turned back and [...] UFOs is a secret motion picture film purporting to show a saucerlike UFO climbing steeply over Port Moresby, New [...] Daily papers headlined story that Air Defense Command had ordered its jet pilots to pursue, and if necessary \"shoot down, \" UFOs sighted anywhere in country (15).", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "purports to show the U.S. chasing a Canadian unidentified flying object (UFO) in order to shoot it down", "evidence": "The original video was uploaded to YouTube in 2012. A translation of the video\u2019s description indicates the UFO was digitally added.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said, \"Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.\"", "evidence": "QUOTE OF THE DAY \"Attitude is the 'little' thing that makes a big difference.\" \u2014 Winston Churchill, former British prime minister", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said, \"Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Winston Churchill Say, \u2018Attitude Is A Little Thing That Makes A Big Difference\u2019? The Livestrong Foundation posted an image on Facebook that claims Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said, \"Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.\" [...] While a positive mindset was Churchill\u2019s \"stock and trade,\" there is no evidence he ever called attitude a \"little thing that makes a big difference.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Karine Jean-Pierre left a press conference after being asked about classified documents", "evidence": "This video has been digitally altered. The genuine video shows Jean-Pierre giving a response to the question instead of walking away.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Karine Jean-Pierre left a press conference after being asked about classified documents", "evidence": "White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre said during a Thursday afternoon press conference lawyers had finished searching for classified documents after some were found in President Biden's Wilmington, Delaware, garage. [...] Biden was asked about the classified documents Thursday, telling Fox News' Peter Doocy they were in a locked garage. [...] \"As the president said, he takes classified information and materials seriously. And, as we have said, we have cooperated from the moment we informed the Archives that a small number of documents were found. And we will continue to cooperate,\" Sauber said.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Karine Jean-Pierre left a press conference after being asked about classified documents", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Karine Jean-Pierre Leave A Press Conference After Being Asked About Classified Documents? A video shared on Facebook purportedly shows White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre walking out of a press conference after being asked about classified documents. [...] A Facebook video allegedly shows Jean-Pierre walking out on a press conference after being asked a question about classified documents. The video opens with Jean-Pierre calling on Fox News journalist, Peter Doocy, to ask a question. The video was also shared to Twitter, where it garnered over 5,500 retweets.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The Progress Pride Flag has been updated to include an autism symbol", "evidence": "There is no evidence for this claim. The creator of the intersex-inclusive Progress Pride Flag created the image, but it does not officially represent the LGBTQ+ community.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Progress Pride Flag has been updated to include an autism symbol", "evidence": "A post shared on Twitter claims that the Progress Pride Flag has been updated to show a symbol representing autism. [...] A tweet claims the LGBTQ+ flag has been officially updated to include autism. The image shows the Progress Pride flag with an infinity symbol. [...] Although the image does resemble the Autism Pride Flag, as outlined by Autistic Empire, there is no evidence the Progress Pride Flag has been officially updated to include the symbol shown in the Autism Pride Flag.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Vivek Ramaswamy did not say he would pardon Hunter Biden if elected president", "evidence": "Long-shot 2024 GOP contender Vivek Ramaswamy has committed to pardoning Donald Trump\u2014who was indicted in federal court Thursday for allegedly mishandling classified documents\u2014should he win the 2024 presidency. \"It would be much easier for me to win this election if Trump weren\u2019t in the race, but I stand for principles over politics,\" Ramaswamy tweeted Thursday. \"I commit to pardon Trump promptly on January 20, 2025 and to restore the rule of law in our country.\" In the tweet, Ramaswamy lamented \"two tiers of justice: one for Trump, another for Biden,\" and criticized the DOJ\u2019s handling of \"peaceful protestors on Jan. 6.\" The biotech entrepreneur didn\u2019t stop at Trump, though. \"I will pardon not just President Trump, but every victim of a politically motivated prosecution. Believe me, there have been others, too,\" he said in a video accompanying the Tweet.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports Donald Trump and Gen. James Mattis have recently sent troops to the U.S. border", "evidence": "Though Trump once revered Mattis as \"one of the most effective generals that we\u2019ve had in many, many decades,\" their relationship had clearly drifted in recent months. Trump went as far as saying he was \"sort of a Democrat\" in an October interview. [...] Troops at the U.S.-Mexico border When the White House released a memo authorizing troops deployed to the U.S.-Mexico border to use lethal force, if necessary, against what Trump called an \"invasion\" of migrants, Mattis clarified that the troops wouldn\u2019t even have firearms.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims that George Eliot said, \"It's never too late to be what you might have been.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did George Eliot Say, \u2018It\u2019s Never Too Late To Be What You Might Have Been\u2019? An image shared on Facebook claims British author George Eliot said, \"It\u2019s never too late to be what you might have been.\" [...] \"George Eliot did not make that statement,\" said retired Boston College professor Rosemarie Bodenheimer in an email to the Caller. \"Nor did she believe what it says.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that George Eliot said, \"It's never too late to be what you might have been.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller found no record of Eliot ever saying or writing this expression.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that George Eliot said, \"It's never too late to be what you might have been.\"", "evidence": "\"It\u2019s never too late to be what you might have been\" is a quote from Victorian novelist George Eliot. [...] Better still, it\u2019s never too late to become what you might\u2019ve been\u2014and then some more.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "President Donald Trump said, \"Immigrants, not Americans, must adapt\u2026 Take it or leave it.\"", "evidence": "In September 2019, readers alerted us to text circulating online, attributing anti-immigrant statements to President Donald Trump without evidence. [...] \"IMMIGRANTS, NOT AMERICANS, MUST ADAPT.. I am tired of this nation worrying about whether we are offending some individual or their culture. Since the terrorist attacks, we have experienced a surge in patriotism by the majority of Americans. [...] \"If you aren't happy here; then LEAVE. We didn't force you to come here. You asked to be here. So accept the country that accepted you.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "President Donald Trump said, \"Immigrants, not Americans, must adapt\u2026 Take it or leave it.\"", "evidence": "Immigration has played an even more divisive role in U.S. politics. About 15 percent of the U.S. population is immigrant, the same share as in 1920 but higher than it was for much of the post-World War II period.32 Roughly 75 percent of that immigrant population is estimated to be here legally.33 Of those here illegally, most overstayed with expired temporary visas rather than illegally crossed borders.34 About 45 percent of respondents told Pew shortly before the 2016 election that having more immigrants hurts American workers, while 42 percent said having more immigrants helps \u2014 the deepest division of opinion Pew captured on the issue over the last decade, caused by an increase in the number of respondents who react positively about immigration\u2019s effects on American workers.35 [...] It can be tempting for the U.S. foreign policy community to throw up its hands in frustration in the face of this set of circumstances, but these challenges are not unprecedented in their magnitude, either at home or abroad. Blindly holding to the past is no longer viable. Change is coming too quickly. The United States must adapt to secure its interests and in ways that build domestic support. Three factors are particularly important to helping the nation navigate effectively in the current environment. [...] The United States must adapt to secure its interests and in ways that build domestic support.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "President Donald Trump said, \"Immigrants, not Americans, must adapt\u2026 Take it or leave it.\"", "evidence": "The early days of Donald Trump\u2019s presidency have been an anxious time for many Muslim Americans, according to a new Pew Research Center survey. Overall, Muslims in the United States perceive a lot of discrimination against their religious group, are leery of Trump and think their fellow Americans do not see Islam as part of mainstream U.S. society. [...] We have to take extra caution scanning our surroundings \u2013 know where we are, who is around and what kind of thoughts they might hold for Islam, about Islam or against Islam. Especially when the Muslim ban was introduced the first time around, I literally felt like the persecution had started. Because we had read the history of Europe and what happened to the Jewish people in Germany. These little steps lead to bigger issues later on. So, we really felt like we were threatened. And, fortunately, the justice system stopped implementation. And later on people stopped talking about it, and after a while it seemed like things might be getting better.\" \u2013 Immigrant Muslim man \"I see some immigrants \u2013 and not just Muslims, they could be Latinos too \u2013 who don\u2019t adapt well to their new country and don\u2019t want to be part of American society. They stick with others like themselves because they\u2019re afraid and feel strange here. But that\u2019s not me. I am completely American, and I feel at home here. When I first came here, I went to high school and that helped me to become more fully American and to adapt to the culture.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that 19th century writer Margaret Fuller once stated, \"Today a reader, tomorrow a leader.\"", "evidence": "Sarah Margaret Fuller was the first-born child to Timothy and Margarett Crane Fuller. Hers was a unique childhood, with a father who made special demands when it came to his daughter's rigorous education. Margaret met the challenge; a century and a half later, she might have been classified as a prodigy, or as \"gifted.\" We follow her family through moves in Cambridge and throughout eastern Massachusetts, and through times of having money and then of having little. As she grew older, Margaret became a teacher, a writer, a Goethe researcher, a translator, a leader of formal conversations, and a caretaker to her siblings. She found creative outlets as the premier editor of The Dial (a task akin to herding cats), as the author of Summer on the Lakes, in 1843 and Woman in the Nineteenth Century, and then as a columnist for the New-York Tribune. Naturally, we peek into her relationships with some of her friends and colleagues: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Bronson Alcott, Sarah and James Freeman Clarke, William Henry Channing, Horace Greeley, Frederic Henry Hedge, Sam and Anna Ward, Caroline Sturgis Tappan, and Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that 19th century writer Margaret Fuller once stated, \"Today a reader, tomorrow a leader.\"", "evidence": "What Are Fun Ways To Teach Reading? \"Today a reader, tomorrow a leader,\" were the wise words of Margaret Fuller\u2014an American activist and journalist of the late 19th century. To say Fuller had a good point would be an understatement. Teaching proper reading skills to...", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims the words \"Hail Satan\" printed on the bottom of an In-N-Out Burger soda cup", "evidence": "An image shared on Facebook over 800 times allegedly shows an In-N-Out Burger cup saying, \"Let\u2019s Go Brandon.\" [...] Now, social media users are sharing a picture of what looks like an In-N-Out Burger cup bearing the phrase \"Let\u2019s Go Brandon\" on the bottom rim. However, the photo has been digitally altered to include the expression. (RELATED: Did In-N-Out Burger Print \u2018Hail Satan\u2019 On Its Soda Cups?) [...] In 2020, Check Your Fact debunked an image claiming to show the words \"Hail Satan\" printed on the bottom of an In-N-Out soda cup. More recently, social media users shared a picture doctored to make it look like such cups have \"F**k Joe Biden\" printed on them.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "claims the words \"Hail Satan\" printed on the bottom of an In-N-Out Burger soda cup", "evidence": "It has been digitally altered to replace the words \u201cJohn 3:16\u201d with the words \u201cHail Satan\u201d on the bottom of the cup.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims the words \"Hail Satan\" printed on the bottom of an In-N-Out Burger soda cup", "evidence": "A graphic appears to show the phrase \"Hail Satan\" on the bottom of a cup from West Coast burger chain In N Out Burger. It\u2019s not real. [...] A graphic which has circulated for several years appears to show an In N Out cup with the phrase \"Hail Satan\" in place of the usual Bible citation. The graphic, however, is not real. Someone simply superimposed the phrase \"Hail Satan\" over the original, which read \"John 3:16.\" [...] In N Out Burger never printed \"Hail Satan\" on the bottom of its cups. The graphic is fake and has circulated for several years.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claim that Alexis de Tocqueville said, \"The American Republic will endure until the day Congress discovers that it can bribe the public with the public's money.\"", "evidence": "It does not appear in any of de Tocqueville\u2019s writings or speeches. Variations of the quote have appeared in print since at least 1951.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claim that Alexis de Tocqueville said, \"The American Republic will endure until the day Congress discovers that it can bribe the public with the public's money.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Alexis de Tocqueville Say, \u2018The American Republic Will Endure Until The Day Congress Discovers That It Can Bribe The Public With The Public\u2019s Money\u2019? An image shared on Facebook claims that French author and political scientist Alexis de Tocqueville once said, \"The American Republic will endure until the day Congress discovers that it can bribe the public with the public\u2019s money.\" [...] The American republic will endure until the day Congress discovers it can bribe the public with the public\u2019s money \u2013 Alexis De Tocqueville \u2014 Donald Trump Jr. (@DonaldJTrumpJr) October 3, 2012", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "President Joe Biden claimed in an Oct. 20 speech that Russian President Vladimir Putin is using drones and ammunition from Iran and North Korea.", "evidence": "- Biden's speech called out Vladimir Putin by name, but he did not directly address the Russian president's announcement earlier Tuesday that Moscow was suspending participation in New START, a key nuclear arms control treaty and the last such agreement between the two countries. [...] \"They\u2019ve targeted civilians with death and destruction, used rape as a weapon of war, stolen Ukrainian children in an attempt to steal Ukraine\u2019s future. Bombed train stations, maternity hospitals, schools and orphanages,\" Biden said. \"No one could turn away their eyes from the atrocities Russia is committing against the Ukrainian people. It\u2019s abhorrent.\" [...] Biden places the blame squarely on the shoulders of Putin in his speech. It\u2019s a marked contrast to Donald Trump, who has essentially blamed Biden for being weak against the Russian leader. In a speech on Monday, Trump said, \"Putin never, ever would have gone into Ukraine if I were president,\" Trump told supporters at a Florida rally, saying he \"actually had a very good relationship\" with Putin.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "alleges that President Andrew Jackson once stated, \"One man with courage makes a majority.\"", "evidence": "Sing Out, Mr President: Andrew Jackson's One-Man Majority \"One man with courage makes a majority.\" --Andrew Jackson [...] 'One Man With Courage Makes A Majority' by Nico Muhly [...] Clurman assigned the young composer a quotation from Andrew Jackson: \"One man with courage makes a majority.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims Seattle Mariners player Ichiro Suzuki purportedly said, 'Chicks who dig home runs aren't the ones who appeal to me'", "evidence": "The quote appeared in a 2009 New York Times article about Suzuki.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims Seattle Mariners player Ichiro Suzuki purportedly said, 'Chicks who dig home runs aren't the ones who appeal to me'", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Ichiro Suzuki Say, \u2018Chicks Who Dig Home Runs Aren\u2019t The Ones Who Appeal To Me?\u2019 A post shared on X, the social media platform previously known as Twitter, claims former Seattle Mariners player Ichiro Suzuki purportedly said, \"Chicks who dig home runs aren\u2019t the ones who appeal to me.\" [...] The X post, viewed over 400,000 times, claims Suzuki purportedly said, \"Chicks who dig home runs aren\u2019t the ones who appeal to me.\" \"Ichiro is a legend for this quote. Absolute legend,\" the post\u2019s caption reads.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims Seattle Mariners player Ichiro Suzuki purportedly said, 'Chicks who dig home runs aren't the ones who appeal to me'", "evidence": "\"I\u2019ve got to get a new pair for sure. I mean, those are my only pair. We need to make another pair as soon as possible,\" Lorenzen said after the game. (RELATED: Did Ichiro Suzuki Say, \u2018Chicks Who Dig Home Runs Aren\u2019t The Ones Who Appeal To Me?) [...] Check Your Fact recently verified another Baseball-related story, in which social media users claimed former Seattle Mariners outfielder Ichiro Suzuki said \"Chicks who dig home runs aren\u2019t the ones who appeal to me.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Joe Biden has called for a national draft", "evidence": "President Joe Biden did receive five draft deferments, but they were granted because he was a student, first in college and then law school. Later, Biden underwent a physical exam and received a Selective Service 1-Y classification \u2014 which specified that he could be drafted only in a national emergency \u2014 because of his asthma. [...] \"Lifeguard/football player Joe Biden got five draft deferments for asthma during Vietnam,\" a Sept. 16 Facebook post claimed.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Joe Biden has called for a national draft", "evidence": "A Feb. 27, 2023, video of U.S. President Joe Biden purportedly shows him announcing a new national draft, in which 20-year-olds would be conscripted into military service on account of a growing national security crisis. [...] The video was also shared by @ThePatriotOasis, a Twitter account that describes itself as \"Constitutional conservatives,\" which wrote, \"BREAKING: Biden calls for a national draft. Men and women are to be selected to fight in Ukriane [sic].\" [...] Of course, Biden has not called for a national draft. If this were the case, it would be front page news. Posobiec, while acknowledging it as a deepfake in the video, does not state this in the tweet, resulting in misleading additional tweets claiming to quote Biden directly. As such, we rate this claim as \"Miscaptioned.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Joe Biden has called for a national draft", "evidence": "This video was digitally altered and was taken from a tweet by a news outlet that acknowledges the video was created by artificial intelligence (AI).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims American writer Henry David Thoreau said, \"Be yourself- not your idea of what you think somebody else's idea of yourself should be.\"", "evidence": "The Inspirational Words of Henry David Thoreau [...] I recently read a quote from Henry David Thoreau from his book Walden. It was an intensely profound quote that had great meaning for me. [...] If you live trying to live up to everyone else\u2019s idea of who you are and who you should be, you\u2019ll be living a charade. Don\u2019t live your life as an actor. Be who you are and what you are.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims American writer Henry David Thoreau said, \"Be yourself- not your idea of what you think somebody else's idea of yourself should be.\"", "evidence": "Henry David Thoreau Quotes - \"Our life is frittered away by detail\u2026simplify, simplify.\" \u2013 Henry David Thoreau - \"Be yourself, not your idea of what you think somebody else\u2019s idea of yourself should be.\" \u2013 Henry David Thoreau - \"It\u2019s the beauty within us that makes it possible for us to recognize the beauty around us. The question is not what you look at but what you see.\" \u2013 Henry David Thoreau - \"Rather than love, than money, than fame, give me truth.\" \u2013 Henry David Thoreau - \"If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them.\" \u2013 Henry David Thoreau, Walden - \"I was not designed to be forced. I will breathe after my own fashion. Let us see who is the strongest.\" \u2013 Henry David Thoreau - \"Do not hire a man who does your work for money, but him who does it for love of it.\" \u2013 Henry David Thoreau - \"When it\u2019s time to die, let us not discover that we have never lived.\" \u2013 Henry David Thoreau - \"Simplify your life.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Mel Gibson requests protection from Hollywood elites after Sound of Freedom", "evidence": "The claim is inaccurate. There is no evidence that this occurred.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Mel Gibson requests protection from Hollywood elites after Sound of Freedom", "evidence": "Though he's not credited on IMDb, Ballard claims Gibson did the final edit for his movie Sound of Freedom. Through this relationship, Ballard claims Gibson rang him at the start of the war in Ukraine in 2022, and asked him to help rescue children from the country. [...] Gibson\u2014who over the years has been accused of making racist, antisemitic and sexist comments\u2014was previously accused of making extreme claims about Hollywood's elite. Quotes attributed to Gibson read: \"Worldwide, children are stolen and sold to pedophile rings. They're tortured, raped, and murdered as part of satanic ritual ceremonies. The murderers then drink the children's blood and they eat their flesh.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that English author C.S. Lewis once stated, \"You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.\"", "evidence": "Quote of the Day: \"You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.\" \u2013 C.S. Lewis, The Chronicles of Narnia.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that English author C.S. Lewis once stated, \"You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.\"", "evidence": "And please note this: You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream. A gentleman nearing retirement age once approached me after I\u2019d given a speech to his corporation. He said, \"You know, that was real great motivation for the young guys, but I\u2019ve done all my work. There is nothing else for me to do.\" [...] In 1993 a columnist in a North Hills, Pennsylvania newspaper discussed the 1992 work by Les Brown and found his quotation compelling enough to reprint it together with another remark from the book:[4]1993 January 1, North Hills News Record, Book gives strategies for turning life around by Robyn-Denise Yourse, (Discussion of book \"Live Your Dreams\" by Les Brown), Quote Page A10, Column \u2026 Continue reading \"If you are the same person today that you were a year ago, or even a day ago, you are not growing \"You are never too old to set a new goal or dream a new dream,\" says Brown. . . [...] The website \"Essential C. S. Lewis\" includes a section dedicated to evaluating the accuracy of quotations attributed to Lewis. The writer William O\u2019Flaherty concluded that the ascription to Lewis was incorrect and Les Brown was the likely creator.[8]Website: Essential C. S. Lewis, Website section: Confirming Quotations, Not Quite Lewis, Article title: (CCSLQ-7) Never Too Old, Article author: William O\u2019Flaherty, Date on website (update): \u2026 Continue reading", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Stephen Hahn was arrested by the military", "evidence": "Did the military arrest former FDA \"Commisioner\" Stephen Hahn? No, there's no evidence to substantiate that: The claim was reported on a website that is well-known for making up stories about public figures. The site posts a disclaimer warning readers that it contains \"humor, parody, and satire.\" The headline on the story making the claim also misspelled commissioner as \"commisioner.\" The claim appeared in an article published by Real Raw News on December 30, 2022, titled \"Military Arrests Former FDA Commisioner Stephen Hahn | Real Raw News\" (archived here). [...] In the United States, under the 1878 Posse Comitatus Act, the military does not have the authority to arrest civilians. The document allows exceptions only when it is \"expressly authorized by the Constitution or Act of Congress.\" However, Congress.gov shows no traces of bills involving the military's \"arrest of Stephen Hahn.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Stephen Hahn was arrested by the military", "evidence": "A post shared on Facebook claims Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Commissioner Dr. Stephen Hahn was arrested by the U.S. military for treason. [...] A Facebook post purports Hahn was arrested by the U.S. Navy. The post features an image of Hahn in the foreground, with former President Donald Trump out of focus in the background. \"Military Arrests Former FDA Commisioner Stephen Hahn,\" the post reads in part. \"U.S. Navy JAG investigators on Thursday arrested former Food & Drug Administration Commissioner Stephen Hahn for having committed treasonous acts against the nation and its people while he served under President Donald J. Trump throughout the Coronavirus Plandemic, JAG sources told Real Raw News.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "purports to show British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak partying", "evidence": "The video shows a Sunak lookalike, not the British Prime Minister, according to articles from Bol News and Daily Mail.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show Donald Trump crying and talking about classified material at a recent event", "evidence": "By \u2014 Geoff Bennett Geoff Bennett By \u2014 Kyle Midura Kyle Midura Leave your feedback Share Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/audio-of-trump-discussing-classified-material-further-complicates-his-legal-troubles Email Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Transcript Audio Newly leaked audio appears to show former President Donald Trump discussing sensitive documents with people who didn\u2019t have security clearance during a 2021 meeting. The two-minute recording could hold key evidence in Trump's indictment over his handling of classified information after he left the White House. Geoff Bennett discussed the latest with former U.S. Attorney David N. Kelley. Read the Full Transcript Notice: Transcripts are machine and human generated and lightly edited for accuracy. They may contain errors. Geoff Bennett: A newly leaked audio recording appears to show former President Donald Trump discussing sensitive documents with people who didn't have security clearances during a 2021 meeting in Bedminster, New Jersey.In this audio first obtained by CNN, the former president seems to acknowledge he knowingly held onto a document about a potential attack on Iran.Donald Trump, Former President of the United States: This totally wins my case, you know. Staffer: Mm-hmm. Donald Trump: Except it is, like, highly confidential. Staffer: Yes.(LAUGHTER) Donald Trump: Secret. This is secret information.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports to show Donald Trump crying and talking about classified material at a recent event", "evidence": "The recording indicates Trump understood he retained classified material after leaving the White House, according to multiple sources familiar with the investigation. On the recording, Trump\u2019s comments suggest he would like to share the information but he\u2019s aware of limitations on his ability post-presidency to declassify records, two of the sources said. [...] The recording that\u2019s now in the hands of prosecutors shows they are not only looking at Trump\u2019s actions regarding classified documents recovered from his Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida, but also at what happened at Bedminster a year earlier. [...] Earlier this year, Trump\u2019s legal team told Congress that classified material was inadvertently packed up at the end of the administration. Most recently, Trump told CNN at a town hall that materials were \"automatically declassified\" when he took them.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims that author Isaac Asimov once stated, \"Your assumptions are your windows on the world. Scrub them off every once in a while, or the light won't come in.\"", "evidence": "The writer Isaac Asimov summarizes this point well, \"Your assumptions are your windows on the world. Scrub them off every once in awhile, or the light won\u2019t come in.\" The chemist Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi, who discovered vitamin C, said, \"Discovery consists of looking at the same thing as everyone else and thinking something different.\" The renowned physicist Arthur Eddington more precisely counseled, \"The contemplation in natural science of a wider domain than the actual leads to a far better understanding of the actual.\" All of these legendary thinkers force us beyond our current assumptions and this is the foundation of critical thinking\u2026and genius.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims that author Isaac Asimov once stated, \"Your assumptions are your windows on the world. Scrub them off every once in a while, or the light won't come in.\"", "evidence": "Alan Alda - Your assumptions are your windows on the world. Scrub them off every once in a while, or the light won't come in.commencement address, Connecticut College, 1 June 1980; often wrongly attributed to Isaac Asimov", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Pam Ayres wrote the poem \"Let\u2019s All Drink To Lockdown\" about the coronavirus pandemic", "evidence": "Pam Ayres has been a writer, broadcaster and entertainer for over 40 years. She is the author of several bestselling poetry books, including The Works, Surgically Enhanced, You Made Me Late Again! and The Last Hedgehog. Pam's autobiography, The Necessary Aptitude, was a bestseller when it was published in 2011. On radio she is a regular on Just A Minute, has made six series of her own Ayres On The Air and has appeared twice on the legendary Desert Island Discs. Pam performs her solo stage show throughout the UK and lives in the Cotswolds, where she is an enthusiastic gardener for wildlife.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Pam Ayres wrote the poem \"Let\u2019s All Drink To Lockdown\" about the coronavirus pandemic", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: \u2018Let\u2019s All Drink To Lockdown\u2019 \u2013 Did Pam Ayres Write This Poem About The Coronavirus? A post shared on Facebook claims poet Pam Ayres wrote the poem \"Let\u2019s All Drink To Lockdown\" about the coronavirus pandemic. [...] People have widely shared the poem \"Let\u2019s All Drink to Lockdown\" on social media with attribution to Ayres in recent weeks. The poem compares an elderly woman\u2019s experiences during the coronavirus pandemic to those during previous points in her life, such as the \"sex and drugs and rock \u2018n roll\" of the 1960s.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Pam Ayres wrote the poem \"Let\u2019s All Drink To Lockdown\" about the coronavirus pandemic", "evidence": "Ayres tweeted that she didn\u2019t write the poem. It was actually written by Jan Beaumont, a New Zealand woman.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that German philosopher Immanuel Kant once said, \"Science is organized knowledge. Wisdom is organized life.\"", "evidence": "Science, with its emphasis on empirical data and objective truths, can sometimes overlook the subtleties and nuances of existence. Wisdom, in contrast, navigates through ambiguity, embracing the uncertainties inherent in human experience.In conclusion, Immanuel Kant's quote, \"Science is organized knowledge. Wisdom is organized life,\" sheds light on the distinction between science and wisdom. While science is concerned with the accumulation and organization of knowledge about the world, wisdom encompasses the practical application of that knowledge to live a purposeful and meaningful life. However, through the lens of existentialism, we are prompted to question whether knowledge alone guarantees wisdom or if wisdom requires a more profound engagement with the complexities and uncertainties of existence. By exploring and combining different philosophical concepts, we can enhance our understanding of the profound ideas encapsulated within a seemingly simple quote.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Musk tweeted that the earth is flat", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Elon Musk Tweet That The Earth Is Flat? A post on shared on social media purportedly shows a screenshot of a tweet from SpaceX and Twitter CEO Elon Musk saying that the earth is flat. [...] \"The world is flat and I can\u2019t get past the firmament!\" the alleged tweet reads. \"Anyone want to buy SpaceX\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims Mitt Romney has purportedly threatened to leave the Republican Party and join the Democrats", "evidence": "The anticipated pivot, however, has not materialized. And the anti-immigrant demagoguery he used to wage his GOP primary battle may have cost him the general election war. A recent poll by Latino Decisions shows that Latino voter support for President Obama has actually increased to 70 percent while Gov. Romney\u2019s numbers remain mired in the low twenties\u201422 percent\u2014in this poll. [...] More recently, in obvious recognition of the dire straits he is in with this community, Gov. Romney has started running Spanish-language ads claiming that he will pursue \"bipartisan,\" \"permanent\" immigration solutions. This line of thinking echoes comments he made in front of the National Association of Latino Elected Officials in late June, where he told the audience he will \"work with Republicans and Democrats to find a long-term solution\" to immigration. But what kind of solutions and what sort of immigration agenda can we expect if Gov. Romney is elected? [...] The audience laughed at the proposal, but Gov. Romney\u2019s stance is not a new one. Eric Fehrnstrom, one of the Romney campaign\u2019s top advisors, told The Washington Examiner:", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Mitt Romney has purportedly threatened to leave the Republican Party and join the Democrats", "evidence": "Romney\u2019s 2023 Federal Election Commission (FEC) Statement of Candidacy form, filed on Apr. 11, lists his party as Republican. The Utah Republican Senator\u2019s spokesperson denied the claim\u2019s validity in an email to Check Your Fact.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kansas City Chiefs co-owner Clark Hunt told his players, coach and staff that he would \"immediately fire\" anyone who does not stand for the playing of the national anthem.", "evidence": "CLAIM: Kansas City Chiefs CEO and owner Clark Hunt told NFL players, coaches and staff that they are all \"simply paid performers on a stage\" and he will \"immediately fire\" anyone who does not stand, with their hand over their heart, during the playing of the national anthem. [...] Brad Gee, the director of football communications for the Kansas City Chiefs, also confirmed to The Associated Press that the contents of the viral letter are inaccurate. Hunt has publicly stated in years past that he prefers players to stand during the national anthem but several Chiefs players have sat or taken a knee during the national anthem, without being fired, including star tight end Travis Kelce. In 2017, after President Donald Trump called on NFL owners to fire players who didn't stand during the national anthem, Hunt responded with a formal statement, saying he believes in \"honoring the American flag\" but encouraged everyone to \"work together to solve these difficult issues.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Nancy Pelosi purportedly made a comment about how the Democratic Party uses a tactic called the 'wrap-up smear'", "evidence": "Q: Did Nancy Pelosi describe how the Democrats use a tactic called the \"wrap-up smear\" to attack political opponents? [...] A clip of House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi explaining a political tactic called a \"wrap-up smear\" has been widely circulated recently. The problem is, it has been taken out of context. [...] Turning Point USA. \"WOW\u2026 Nancy Pelosi ACTUALLY Outlines The \"Wrap-Up Smear\" The Left Used To Try & Destroy Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh\u2026\" Facebook. 9 Oct 2018.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "a 1990s episode of \"The Simpsons\" predicted the death of George Floyd", "evidence": "The drawing in the article was created by an independent artist. No such scene appears in any episode of \u201cThe Simpsons.\u201d", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "a 1990s episode of \"The Simpsons\" predicted the death of George Floyd", "evidence": "Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Crime / Did Simpson Actually Predicte George Floyd Death In 1990? (1011 Views) George Floyd's Death: Thousands Join UK Protest / George Floyd: Minneapolis In Chaos As Shops Are Looted And Burnt (video) / George Floyd: Minnesota Police Officers Fired After Death Of Unarmed Black Man (2) (3) (4)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "a 1990s episode of \"The Simpsons\" predicted the death of George Floyd", "evidence": "Here are 17 times The Simpsons made eerily accurate predictions about the future. [...] This installment saw Marge offer to read a depressed Bart a book titled Curious George and the Ebola Virus. This moment was widely circulated during the 2014 American Ebola outbreak when YouTube user Thecontroversy7 created a video laying out a theory revolving around The Simpsons\u2018 predictive tendencies. [...] On the other hand, episode co-writer Bill Oakley told The Hollywood Reporter in March that any comparisons the storyline seems to invite to coronavirus are purely coincidental. \"There are very few cases where The Simpsons predicted something,\" he said. \"It\u2019s mainly just coincidence because the episodes are so old that history repeats itself. Most of these episodes are based on things that happened in the \u201960s, \u201970s or \u201980s that we knew about.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports Colorado Republican Rep. Lauren Boebert's net worth is 'over $12 million.'", "evidence": "Jesus G. ``Chuy'' Garcia, IL Lauren Boebert, CO [...] Lauren Gilbert Leslie F. Goldstein", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci said, \"I awoke, only to find that the rest of the world was still asleep.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence that da Vinci authored this saying. It may be a version of a statement written about him by Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci said, \"I awoke, only to find that the rest of the world was still asleep.\"", "evidence": "That night when all others slept, Giovanni, tormented by insomnia, rose and went into the court, where was a stone bench under a tent of vine branches. The court was square, and in its centre was a well; behind the bench was the wall of the house, opposite the stable; to the left a stone wall with a wicket-gate which opened on the street of the Porta Vercellina; to the right the wall of a little garden and a door always locked and leading to a separate building. Here Astro alone was allowed ingress, and here Leonardo was wont to work in complete seclusion. [...] 383 'I know not,' said Leonardo, awaking with an effort from his musing; 'we of this age have not less force than the ancients; only 'tis force of another sort.' [...] Eutychius awoke. He opened the windows, and to him was wafted the fragrance of leaves and grasses washed by rain. The sun had not yet risen, but gold and purple decked the place of his coming\u2014the skyey verge above the woods, and the river, and the fields. The town still slept in twilight; only the belfry of St. Hubert glistened with a pale green light. The hush was full of great expectation. Far away on the sand-banks of the Loire the white swans were calling.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci said, \"I awoke, only to find that the rest of the world was still asleep.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Da Vinci Say, \u2018I Awoke, Only To Find That The Rest Of The World Was Still Asleep\u2019? [...] There is no evidence that da Vinci authored this saying. It may be a version of a statement written about him by Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud. [...] \"In Merezhkovsky\u2019s admirable simile, he was like a man who had awoken too early in the darkness, while everyone else was still asleep,\" Freud wrote, crediting Russian author Dmitry Merezhkovsky with the imagery.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that Bertrand Russell once stated, \"War does not determine who is right - only who is left.\"", "evidence": "\"War does not determine who is right\u2014only who is left,\" a reader writes: \"In the World war, the United States is left\u2014holding the bag.\" [...] War never determines who is right, but only who is left. [...] War may not determine who is right but it does definitely determine who is left.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims that Bertrand Russell once stated, \"War does not determine who is right - only who is left.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Bertrand Russell Say, \u2018War Does Not Determine Who Is Right \u2013 Only Who Is Left\u2019? A post shared on Facebook claims that British philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell once stated, \"War does not determine who is right \u2013 only who is left.\" [...] While there is no evidence that Russell wrote this quote about war, he may well have agreed with the sentiment. A lifelong peace activist and proponent of nuclear disarmament, Russell often wrote about the subject of war. In his book \"Fact and Fiction,\" he wrote, \"Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Biden said that 21 million Americans are covered through the Affordable Care Act, an increase of 9 million since he took office.", "evidence": "These statistics are accurate, according to spokespeople for the Department of Health and Human Services and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Biden said that 21 million Americans are covered through the Affordable Care Act, an increase of 9 million since he took office.", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Biden Claims 21 Million Americans Are Covered By ACA, A 9 Million Increase Since Taking Office President Joe Biden said in April 3 remarks that 21 million Americans are covered through the Affordable Care Act (ACA), an increase of 9 million since he took office. [...] During the same remarks, Biden claimed 21 million Americans are now covered through the Affordable Care Act, a 9 million increase since he took office in 2021. \"Today, 21 million Americans are covered through the Affordable Care Act, 9 million more than when I took office,\" he said.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Biden said that 21 million Americans are covered through the Affordable Care Act, an increase of 9 million since he took office.", "evidence": "Today, more Americans have health insurance than under any President. The President's efforts to lower health insurance premiums have led to record-breaking enrollment in the Affordable Care Act's Marketplaces, with over 21 million people signing up for coverage \u2013 9 million more than when the President took office. The Biden-Harris Administration isn't stopping there and is building on this incredible success by: [...] - Expanded health insurance through the ACA Marketplaces to an additional nine million Americans and helped over one million people in Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and South Dakota gain Medicaid coverage.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims Lewis Carroll once wrote, \"You know what the issue is with this world? Everyone wants a magical solution to their problems, and everyone refuses to believe in magic.\"", "evidence": "When it comes to superstitions, social scientists have generally agreed on one thing: they are fundamentally irrational. \"Magical thinking\" (as it has been called) is defined as the belief that an object, action or circumstance not logically related to a course of events can influence its outcome. In other words, stepping on a crack cannot, given what we know about the principles of causal relations, have any direct effect on the probability of your mother breaking her back. Those who live in fear of such a tragedy are engaging in magical thought and behaving irrationally. A statement about the yin and yang of magical thinking is frequently shared online, attributed to either author Lewis Carroll (the pen name of Charles Dodgson) or the most famous of his literary works, \"Alice in Wonderland\" (i.e., \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\"): However, the phrase \"Everyone wants a magical solution for their problem, and everyone refuses to believe in magic\" does not appear in any of Carroll/Dodgson's published works (either literary or non-fiction) or papers, nor was it contemporaneously recorded as something he once said. This quote actually stemmed from a Carroll-inspired character who appeared in a modern television series.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "30 Navy SEALs died when their helicopter was shot down in Afghanistan on March 11", "evidence": "NATO copter downed; Navy SEALs among the 30 U.S. dead [...] The Taliban asserted responsibility for the attack and the deaths of the 30 U.S. service members and eight Afghans on board. In addition to the 22 SEALs, there were eight U.S. troops from the Army and the Air Force. [...] KABUL \u2014 A NATO helicopter was shot down during an overnight operation against the Taliban in eastern Afghanistan, killing 30 U.S. service members, including about 20 SEALs from the elite SEAL Team 6 counterrorism unit that carried out the mission to kill Osama bin Laden, the coalition said.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Foods such as Pop-Tarts, cake mixes and ice cream contain antifreeze", "evidence": "Unlabeled propylene glycol, a form of antifreeze, lurks in commercial ice cream, risking health issues for those that consume it. [...] Antifreeze, then, is simply ice cream manufacturers\u2019 answer to hard as a rock ice cream and the ice crystals that inevitably form as it is shipped long distances and moved between many different freezers before it finally makes it to your supermarket. [...] So, if you aren\u2019t into eating antifreeze with your ice cream, check out my recipe plus a video demonstration on how to make healthy ice cream!", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Foods such as Pop-Tarts, cake mixes and ice cream contain antifreeze", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: No, There Is Not Antifreeze In Foods Such As Pop-Tarts, Ice Cream Or Cake Mixes A video shared on Instagram claims food such as Pop-Tarts, ice cream and cake mixes contain antifreeze. [...] The Instagram post claims several common foods contain a chemical that is toxic to humans. The video shows a man listing off foods he claims contain antifreeze, such as Pop-Tarts, ice cream from Blue Bunny and ColdStone Creamery, Dunkin iced teas, Betty Crocker and Duncan Hines cake mixes and Fireball whiskey.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Ancient Greek philosopher Plato once stated, \"Be kind, everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle.\"", "evidence": "The aphorism \"Be Kind, For Everyone You Meet Is Fighting A Hard Battle\" is widely attributed (at least online) to Plato of Athens. I am having a difficult time finding the particular line in the dialogues where he makes this statement. Is this quote apocryphal? [...] \"I was just trying out the Google Blog Search,mentioned today by Mark Goodacre, and up came this slogan that I have seen from time to time, always attributed to PhiloBe Kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a great battle. The problem is, however, that I have never read this in any of Philo's works. I may have overlooked it, that's possible,- of course. But searches in both the Greek text and in Whiston's old translation have given no 'hits'. [...] \"For what it's worth, here's the closest thing I found by searching JSTOR. In The Biblical World (retitled the next year as The Journal of Religion) v. 54 n. 6 (1920) page 606 Ozora S. Davis, in an article on preaching quoted II Peter 1:57 and then commented on each phrase, including: \"_brotherly kindness_--Everyone is fighting a hard battle.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Ancient Greek philosopher Plato once stated, \"Be kind, everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle.\"", "evidence": "On leadership and management \"Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle.\" [...] Plato, a Greek philosopher and mathematician who lived approximately 427 to 348 B.C. Plato was taught by Socrates and was Aristotle\u2019s teacher.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims Ancient Greek philosopher Plato once stated, \"Be kind, everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle.\"", "evidence": "Sir\u2013A thought to help us through these difficult times: Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle. [...] Not until trouble and heartache and sorrow came into my own life could I fully comprehend the words of Ian McLaren: \"Let us be kind, one to another, for most of us are fighting a hard battle.\" [...] \"Be pitiful, for every man is fighting a hard battle,\" was the tender Christmas message sent by Ian Maclaren to the readers of The British Weekly.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Florida Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis is enacting a bill that would require bloggers to register with the state", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Is Ron DeSantis Enacting A Bill Requiring Bloggers To Register With The State Of Florida? A post shared on Facebook purports Florida Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis supports a bill that would require bloggers who mention politicians to register with the state. [...] The post claims DeSantis was supporting a bill that would force bloggers to register with the state before writing about him. \"DeSantis enacting a law that requires any blogger that mentions a politician to register with the state, so their words can be reviewed for \u2018accuracy\u2019 you know who else did that? PUTIN did it!\" the Facebook post purports.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sen. Josh Hawley shares proof of Chinese spying in hearing with FBI director Christopher Wray", "evidence": "The caption is inaccurate. The video does not feature such comments.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "an Oxford University student named Boston Regan has become one of the youngest PhD graduates in the world.", "evidence": "There is no record of Regan graduating from Oxford University. He appears to a fictional character invented to sell an essential oil product.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that President Abraham Lincoln once stated, \"We can complain because rose bushes have thorns, or rejoice because thorn bushes have roses.\"", "evidence": "Rose bushes have thorns, and we bear with them for the sake of the roses. All of us have faults, but we are judged by the good we do. It is not enough to congratulate on the thorns we have, but we should look into our lives for the roses. [...] Viewpoint: A philosopher said: \"I can complain because rose bushes have thorns, or I can rejoice because thorn bushes have roses. It\u2019s all how you look at it.\" Much in life depends upon the point of view. Are you looking at the thorns or the roses? [...] REMEMBERED QUOTE: You can complain because rose bushes have thorns or rejoice that thorn bushes have roses. It\u2019s all how you look at it. \u2014 J. Kenfield Morley.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that President Abraham Lincoln once stated, \"We can complain because rose bushes have thorns, or rejoice because thorn bushes have roses.\"", "evidence": "The saying appears nowhere in Lincoln\u2019s writings.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "White House Press Secretary said she was concerned about Brazil and China relationship", "evidence": "A post shared on Twitter purports that White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre expressed concern about a new economic relationship between Brazil and China. \ud83d\udcdd \u00abWe are deeply concerned about the transition of Brazil and China to national currencies in mutual payments. This is a violation of the rights of our citizens, who count on a stable dollar exchange rate on the world market\" she said [...] The Facebook post claims that Jean-Pierre has shared the White House\u2019s concern about China\u2019s involvement in Brazil. The post shares a photo of the press secretary and does not provide information on when this statement was made.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "White House Press Secretary said she was concerned about Brazil and China relationship", "evidence": "The claim is inaccurate. There is no evidence that Jean-Pierre made this statement.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that President Abraham Lincoln once said, \"The best way to predict the future is to create it.\"", "evidence": "Hey everybody, Steve and Dan Fouts here. We are teaching different with American president Abraham Lincoln using a quote attributed to him on self-determination. Here\u2019s the quote, \"The best way to predict the future is to create it.\" A really thought provoking quote. It\u2019s short, to the point, and talks about what it is that we can control in our life, and how that affects how our future is going to unfold. Lincoln has a pretty clear opinion on this. What would you say the claim is? [...] I think you\u2019ll get a lot of students agreeing with Abraham Lincoln on this quote. There are always a few students who, when you ask them what they want to be when they grow up, give you their wildest dreams. They\u2019re going to say what it is they want to do that makes them happy. I just remember students, who really liked sports, telling me, I want to make it to the NBA, I want to make it to the NFL. It\u2019s really an inspiring quote because it says you have the ability to take control over that. Just asking students what their dreams are is a great way to start this conversation. As teachers, parents, and coaches, we\u2019re continually sending this message to kids that they have success in their hands, that they just have to work hard to get it. They can create their own reality. They can do it. I think this is definitely reinforced by adult role models.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims shoppers wore Ku Klux Klan hoods at an Alabama mini mart purportedly owned by a family involved in a recent riverfront brawl", "evidence": "In May 2020, social media users shared photographs of a man shopping at a grocery store during the COVID-19 coronavirus disease pandemic wearing not a standard face mask, but a white head covering that appeared to be a Ku Klux Klan (KKK) hood: [...] Customer Alisa Wentzel told CNN she spotted the shopper, whom she believes was a man, as soon as she entered the store. He was waiting in the checkout line, she said, wearing the hood.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims shoppers wore Ku Klux Klan hoods at an Alabama mini mart purportedly owned by a family involved in a recent riverfront brawl", "evidence": "Photos of hooded shoppers taken in California and Colorado, not Vasser\u2019s Mini-Mart in Selma, Alabama [...] Some protesters have called on people to boycott Vasser\u2019s Mini-Mart in Selma, Alabama, after its owner, Zachery Chase Shipman, was allegedly involved in a recent brawl on the riverfront in Montgomery, Alabama, the Selma Times-Journal reported. Shipman later turned himself in and was charged with misdemeanor assault. [...] \"That is an authentic Klans mask,\" one man said in a TikTok video posted Aug. 9 on Facebook as a photo shows someone standing in front of a produce stand wearing a white hood. \"They own this mini-mart, and they\u2019re doing this. Which means they\u2019re active Klan members.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports over 1,000 children are still missing in Maui following the recent wildfire", "evidence": "Maui fires: More than 1,000 still missing as search continues - Published More than 1,000 people still remain unaccounted for after a wildfire ripped through Hawaiian town of Lahaina two weeks ago, officials said. [...] \"Every day the numbers will change,\" Mr Merrill said. The latest missing estimate comes a day after Maui mayor Richard Bissen said the number was thought to be around 850.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "purports over 1,000 children are still missing in Maui following the recent wildfire", "evidence": "The Maui Police Department and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have released a list of \u201cUnaccounted For Persons\u201d who are believed to be missing following the wildfire, but the purported individuals\u2019 ages are not provided.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Cuban authorities found the S.S. Cotopaxi found fully intact and floating toward the island nation more than 90 years after its disappearance", "evidence": "Did a ship that vanished in the Bermuda Triangle more than 90 years ago suddenly reappear near Cuba, as claimed by various stories circulating online? The S.S. Cotopaxi hasn\u2019t been seen since Nov. 29, 1925, when it left Charleston, South Carolina, bound for Havana with a crew of more than 30 and a load of coal. The steamer ran into a violent tropical storm. The Associated Press wrote two days later that the ship reported water in its hold and said it was listing badly. It later sent out distress signals and wasn\u2019t heard from again. [...] However, Petty Officer 3rd Class Eric Woodall, a spokesman for Miami\u2019s US Coast Guard office, which works closely with Cuban authorities, told the AP on Monday that his agency has received no reports of the S.S. Cotopaxi being recovered.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Cuban authorities found the S.S. Cotopaxi found fully intact and floating toward the island nation more than 90 years after its disappearance", "evidence": "Havana \u2013 This morning the Cuban Coast Guard announced that they intercepted one unmanned ship which was heading for the island. It is presumed that the ship is the SS Cotopaxi, a tramp steamer that vanished in December 1925 and is connected with the legend of the Bermuda Triangle. [...] After exhaustive search of the ship, the captain\u2019s logbook was discovered. That book actually was associated with the Clinchfield Navigation Company. This company us owner of the SS Cotopaxi. Still, the book did not brought any clue concerning what did happened to the ship over the last 90 years. [...] It is interesting that on 29 November 1925, the SS Cotopaxi departed Charleston, South Carolina, and headed towards Havana, Cuba. This ship had a crew of 32 men, under the command of Captain W. J. Meyer. The ship was carrying a cargo of 2340 tons of coal. The ship was reported missing only 2 days later, and was unheard of for almost 90 years.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Biden said he taught political theory at the University of Pennsylvania for 4 years", "evidence": "U.S. President Joe Biden was a \"full professor\" at the University of Pennsylvania for four years. [...] In mid-to-late 2023, a number of posts on X and TikTok circulated showing U.S. President Joe Biden saying he taught \"political theory\" at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) for four years. The posts argued that Biden was lying, and that he \"never taught a single class at UPenn.\" Questions about Biden's role at UPenn have circulated for years. In mid-April 2022, for instance, his critics latched on to a speech in which he claimed to have been a \"full professor\" for four years at the university.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Biden said he taught political theory at the University of Pennsylvania for 4 years", "evidence": "\"I've been to a lot of university campuses,\" Biden said April 14. \"Matter of fact, for four years, I was a full professor at the University of Pennsylvania. And this is really an impressive place with a lot of impressive students.\" [...] Biden served as Benjamin Franklin Presidential Professor of the Practice at the University of Pennsylvania between his tenure as vice president and the start of his presidential campaign. However, the duration of the position was closer to two years than four, since he was on leave while running for president. Also, his duties might not conform to the full range of activities that the public might associate with the term \"full professor,\" including teaching semester-long classes, conducting independent research, and handling administrative responsibilities. [...] Biden said, \"For four years, I was a full professor at the University of Pennsylvania.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Biden said he taught political theory at the University of Pennsylvania for 4 years", "evidence": "Joe Biden is slammed for lying that he taught political theory at the University of Pennsylvania for four years - despite serving as honorary professor for two and never teaching a single class - Biden, at 80, the nation's oldest-ever president, was speaking at Prince George Community College in Maryland Thursday - 'I taught at the University of Pennsylvania for four years and I used to teach political theory,' he claimed - However, while Biden served from 2017 to 2019 as the Benjamin Franklin Presidential Professor of the Practice, there is no record of him teaching classes President Joe Biden made a bizarre claim in a speech that he'd taught political theory at an Ivy League university - despite only serving there as a visiting fellow and honorary professor. [...] 'We got to fight for it,' Biden said. ''I taught at the University of Pennsylvania for four years and I used to teach political theory. And folks, you always hear, every generation has to fight for Democracy.'", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Hillary Clinton wrote, \"I believe the primary role of the state is to teach, train and raise children. Parents have a secondary role.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller found no record of the statement in \u201cIt Takes a Village\u201d or any of her other books.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Hillary Clinton wrote, \"I believe the primary role of the state is to teach, train and raise children. Parents have a secondary role.\"", "evidence": "Hillary Rodham Clinton wrote this book with her heart in the right place. I believe that she does have a lot of compassion for children. That being said, there were times that I had great difficulty reading her book about the well being of children, knowing that she was a war hawk in the US\u2019s illegal invasion of Iraq in 2003. On page 290 of her book, Clinton states that it is the responsibility of the government to \"Keep America the world\u2019s strongest force of peace, freedom, and prosperity.\" Her vote for war did nothing to embrace these ideals. War does not effect any person more than it effects a child. Of the vast problems that children in the United States face, their problems pale in comparison to the challenges that many Iraqi children are dealing with.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on July 23 that Ukraine has taken back 50% of the territory it lost since February 2022.", "evidence": "Ukraine has seized back about 53% of its territory it initially lost when Russia invaded in February 2022, according to the Institute for the Study of War (ISW). Blinken claimed during a July 23 interview on CNN\u2019s \u2018State of the Union\u2019 that Ukraine had taken back 50% of the territory it had lost since Russia\u2019s invasion started in February 2022. [...] \"Analysts can employ several methods to calculate control of terrain with varying results depending on the cartographical projection used and other factors. An estimate using ISW\u2019s control of terrain data and the Mercator projection indicates that Ukrainian forces liberated about 53 percent of the land that Russian forces captured since February 2022,\" the assessment reads. \"Estimates made using different data sources, measurement methods, or projections will generate different numbers. Factors, such as higher confidence about unconfirmed Russian claimed territorial gains, can impact such estimations as well.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on July 23 that Ukraine has taken back 50% of the territory it lost since February 2022.", "evidence": "By \u2014 News Desk News Desk Leave your feedback Share Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/watch-live-secretary-of-state-blinken-gives-remarks-on-rising-tension-between-ukraine-russia Email Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Share on Facebook Share on Twitter WATCH: Secretary of State Blinken says U.S. has made no concessions to Russia on Ukraine World Jan 26, 2022 12:34 PM EDT WASHINGTON (AP) \u2014 The U.S. has made no concessions to the main Russian demands over Ukraine and NATO in a long-awaited written response delivered to Russia on Wednesday in Moscow, Secretary of State Antony Blinken said. Watch Blinken\u2019s remarks in the player above. Blinken said the U.S. response, delivered to the Russian Foreign Ministry by U.S. Ambassador to Russia John Sullivan, gave up no ground on \"core principles\" such as NATO\u2019s open-door membership policy and the alliance\u2019s military presence in Eastern Europe. Blinken said the document made clear that the U.S. is standing by its oft-stated positions. \"There is no change, there will be no change,\" he said. But, he said the written response to Russia also contains \"serious\" offers for a diplomatic path to de-escalate soaring tensions over Ukraine by addressing Russian concerns on other matters.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk filed $60 Million suit against The View", "evidence": "The claim stems from a satirical site. There is no evidence Musk is suing the show or network.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Republican North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum said during a July 9 interview that there were 110,000 overdose deaths in 2022.", "evidence": "There were an estimated 109,680 overdose deaths in 2022, according to preliminary data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Republican North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum said during a July 9 interview that there were 110,000 overdose deaths in 2022.", "evidence": "Douglas James Burgum (/\u02c8b\u025c\u02d0r\u0261\u0259m/ BUR-g\u0259m;[1] born August 1, 1956) is an American businessman and politician serving since 2016 as the 33rd governor of North Dakota.[2][3] He is among the wealthiest politicians in the United States and has an estimated net worth of at least $1.1 billion. He is a member of the Republican Party.[4] [...] - ^ Garrity, Kelly (July 9, 2023). \"Doug Burgum: 'We are in a Cold War with China, we just won't admit it'\". Politico. Retrieved July 9, 2023. [...] - ^ McCullough, Caleb (June 9, 2023). \"North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum brings focus on economy in first Iowa campaign visit\". Quad City Times. Retrieved July 31, 2023.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Democratic New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said, \"Children should be raised by the state.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence Ocasio-Cortez ever made such a statement. The claim stems from an article published on a satirical website.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Thomas Jefferson said, \"Most bad government has grown out of too much government.\"", "evidence": "Subject:English Grammar \"Most bad government has grown out of too much government.\"\u2014Thomas Jefferson [...] Interpretation of Thomas Jefferson's Quote Thomas Jefferson's quote, \"Most bad government has grown out of too much government.\", suggests that when a government becomes", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Thomas Jefferson said, \"Most bad government has grown out of too much government.\"", "evidence": "There seems to be a cottage industry in misquoting Thomas Jefferson. He didn\u2019t say, \"The price of liberty is eternal vigilance.\" Nor, \"My reading of history convinces me that most bad government has grown out of too much government,\" nor any variations of those or dozens of other pithy phrases wrongly attributed to our illustrious third president. [...] Cain said that Thomas Jefferson said, \"You might be able to fool the people for a while, and they may go astray, but sooner or later the American people are going to wake up and they will correct the course.\" Jefferson did write a line that resembles that in some important ways, but Cain put a fair number of words into Jefferson\u2019s mouth. At PunditFact, we believe quotations should be relatively word-for-word accurate. If someone went to the trouble to leave their thoughts for posterity, the least we should do is honor what they actually said. [...] Wall Street Journal, To Quote Thomas Jefferson, 'I Never Actually Said That', Dec. 6, 2012", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Elon Musk published a 'Rest In Peace (RIP)' tweet for late financier Jeffrey Epstein", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Elon Musk Publish An \u2018RIP\u2019 Tweet For Jeffrey Epstein? A post shared on Twitter purports Elon Musk published a \"Rest In Peace (RIP)\" tweet for late financier and sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. [...] \"The woke left can\u2019t decide if I\u2019m anti-semitic or friends with a Jewish man (RIP) and it\u2019s driving them crazy,\" the purported tweet from Musk reads. \"Did he just RIP Jeffrey Epstein???\" The Twitter post\u2019s caption reads. The post has received over 600,000 views at the time of publication.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports to show Muslim refugees terrorizing New York", "evidence": "- The purported rationale for this unconstitutional surveillance is captured in a 2007 NYPD Intelligence Division report titled \"Radicalization in the West: The Homegrown Threat.\" The report claims to identify a \"radicalization process\" by which individuals turn into terrorists \u2013 a \"process\" so broad that it seems to treat with suspicion anyone who identifies as Muslim, harbors Islamic beliefs, or engages in Islamic religious practices. For example, its purported radicalization \"indicators\" include First Amendment-protected activities including \"wearing traditional Islamic clothing [and] growing a beard,\" abstaining from alcohol, and \"becoming involved in social activism.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "CNN published an article claiming Republican Speaker Kevin McCarthy made \"several unproven claims\" in his impeachment inquiry announcement.", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Kevin McCarthy Make \u2018Several Unproven Claims\u2019 In His Impeachment Inquiry Announcement?", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "70,000 Americans have died from fentanyl overdoses", "evidence": "Last year, more than 70,000 Americans died from a fentanyl overdose, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That's a higher death toll than U.S. military casualties in the wars in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan combined. [...] The CDC says other signs of a fentanyl overdose are an inability to awaken the person; constricted \"pinpoint\" pupils that don't react to light; shallow breathing or difficulty breathing, such as choking sounds, gurgling, or snoring from someone who cannot be awakened; and discolored skin, especially in the nails or lips. Dr. Campman added that a rare subset of fentanyl overdose victims die a more rapid death due to \"wooden chest syndrome,\" where they suddenly can't breathe.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "70,000 Americans have died from fentanyl overdoses", "evidence": "Nearly 70,000 people in the US died of drug overdoses that involved fentanyl in 2021, almost a four-fold increase over five years. By 2021, about two-thirds of all overdose deaths involved the potent synthetic opioid, according to the report. Multiple drugs can be reported on one death certificate, and fentanyl is often found along with others, according to the CDC. [...] Pharmaceutical fentanyl is a synthetic opioid intended to help patients, such as those with cancer, manage severe pain. It is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine and typically prescribed in the form of skin patches or lozenges. But most recent cases of fentanyl-related harm, overdose and death in the United States are linked to illegally made fentanyl, according to the CDC. [...] In 2021, fentanyl was involved in about 22 deaths for every 100,000 people \u2013 more than twice as many as the age-adjusted death rate from overdoses involving methamphetamine or cocaine, and more than seven times higher than those involving heroin.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "70,000 Americans have died from fentanyl overdoses", "evidence": "This statistic is accurate. A report from the National Institutes of Health verifies the number, which a spokesperson for Scott provided in an email to Check Your Fact.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Media outlets, such as the Telegraph and the Independent, reported that an artificial intelligence (AI) controlled drone killed its operator in a simulation.", "evidence": "46 Phillip Sherwell, \"U.S. Drone Pilot Haunted by Horrors of Remote Killings; Operator Sickened by Death Count,\" London Daily Telegraph, October 25, 2013, available at <https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/10403313/Confessions-of-a-US-drone-operator-I-watched-him-die.-It-took-a-long-time.html>. [...] 48 Christian Enemark, Armed Drones and the Ethics of War (London: Routledge, 2014), 22. [...] 51 Enemark, Armed Drones and the Ethics of War, 25.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that novelist George Orwell once said, \"People sleep peacefully in their Beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.\"", "evidence": "While Orwell did express a similar sentiment, he did not write or say the quote in the Facebook post.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that novelist George Orwell once said, \"People sleep peacefully in their Beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.\"", "evidence": "\u2015 Slingshot \u2015 Slingshot \"I once saw an episode of QI where they debated a supposed George Orwell quote: \u2018People sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf\u2019.\" [...] \u2015 Grunt Life \u2015 Grunt Life \"People sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.\" \u2014George Orwell\" [...] \u2015 Decisively Engaged \u2015 Decisively Engaged \"People sleep peacefully in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to visit violence on those who would do them harm. George Orwell PART ONE\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Claims that novelist George Orwell once said, \"People sleep peacefully in their Beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.\"", "evidence": "Perhaps you could help out famous Science Fiction author William Gibson, who recently tried to trace down the origin of the following sentence, often attributed to George Orwell: \"People sleep peacefully in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.\" [...] This is the closest passage in Orwell\u2019s writings that has been found to the following quotation popularly attributed to him: \"People sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.\" (Or sometimes, \"We sleep safely at night because rough men stand ready to visit violence on those who would harm us.\")", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show Jeffrey Epstein and Ted Kaczynski at a boys summer camp together", "evidence": "No, Pic Doesn't Show Jeffrey Epstein, Ted Kaczynski Attending Summer Camp Together", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Ghislaine Maxwell worked at Disney World in 1985", "evidence": "There is no evidence suggesting Maxwell worked at Disney World in 1985.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Rapper Notorious B.I.G predicted Covid-19 pandemic in 1994", "evidence": "The COVID-19 pandemic was something truly unpredictable that caught pretty much the whole world off guard, and even now we\u2019re still struggling to cope with it. But what if I told you that someone might have actually predicted it was going to happen? A TikTok video by tythecrazyguy recently went viral because it seems that Ty has possibly uncovered that a rapper predicted the pandemic. [...] However, it looks like that isn\u2019t the only prediction that the rapper has made. Dr. Creep made a post on Facebook after his song \"PANDEMIC\" went viral, and the rapper seemed frustrated that people are only discussing this now when it isn\u2019t even the only thing he\u2019s predicted. [...] This could mean that the rapper predicted not just the COVID-19 pandemic, but also the lockdown following the outbreak of the virus. How creepy is that?", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that George Washington once said, \"Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people\u2019s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence.\"", "evidence": "The Washington state legislature finds that the right to keep and bear arms embodied in the federal and state Constitutions is a fundamental freedom that existed long before the founding of this nation and state and this right should continue to be protected, nurtured, and expanded. The legislature further finds that the founding fathers of our nation and state wanted to have firearms in the hands of ordinary citizens as a means of protecting freedom and deterring potential despots from undermining our constitutional republic by force. The American revolution was won by an armed populace against the British standing army. [...] George Washington, America's first president, said, \"Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. From the hour the Pilgrims landed, to the present day, events, occurrences and tendencies prove that to ensure peace, security and happiness, the rifle and pistol are equally indispensable. The very atmosphere of firearms everywhere restrains evil interference \u2014 they deserve a place of honor with all that's good.\" [...] As a result of these lessons from history, it is the intent of the legislature to promote freedom and protect public safety by enacting the Washington state firearms civil rights act and by imposing civil and criminal penalties on any person or public official who unlawfully or unconstitutionally interferes with the right of a citizen to keep and bear arms, or who criminally possesses or uses a firearm.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims Henry Ford once said, \"If I asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller News Foundation found no evidence that Ford ever said or wrote this expression.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Henry Ford once said, \"If I asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.\"", "evidence": "That \"Henry Ford\" Quote\u2026 \"If I\u2019d have asked my customers what they wanted, they would have said, \u2018A faster horse.\u2019\" \u2014 Henry Ford? While there\u2019s doubt that Ford ever said this, it\u2019s something he might have said. Designers tend to hear this when we suggest doing User Research to determine needs and pain points. \"If I\u2019d have asked my customers what they wanted, they would have said a faster horse is what Henry Ford said and he was extremely successful so it\u2019s a waste of time\" Please read this article from HBR about why his initial success was predicated on price reduction and the implementation (smartly) of the assembly line (something he didn\u2019t invent) because it discusses his initial success with the first mass produced car, but also points out that General Motors ate his lunch in the 20\u2019s. [...] So imagine you\u2019re sitting in a conference room and you suggest that doing User Research will help advance the product and someone says: \"If I\u2019d have asked customers what they wanted, they would have said a faster horse\"\u2026", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "claims Henry Ford once said, \"If I asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.\"", "evidence": "Henry Ford on Customer Feedback \"If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.\" \u2013Henry Ford It\u2019s unclear whether or not Henry Ford actually ever said the quote above, but according to an article in the Harvard Business Review, it\u2019s an accurate reflection of how Ford thought about customer feedback. [...] That\u2019s not the Henry Ford story most of us are familiar with.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "a conference titled \"The Elite Global Leaders Conference\" will be held at the Vatican on Oct. 23 and will focus on \"humanity-empowering technology.\"", "evidence": "On October 14th, 2021, the Facebook account \"Marji Georgia\" published a post, claiming that on October 23, the pedophile globalists at the forefront of the \"world codification\" are going to host a large-scale conference in the Vatican. According to the post\u2019s author, the main topic of the conference will be transhumanism. The post is accompanied by a photo saying that the speakers of the event scheduled for October 23rd in the Vatican will be the authors of \"The transHuman Code\": David Ferguson and Carlos Moreira. [...] According to the poster, an event called \"Elite Global Leaders Conference\" will be held in the Vatican on October 23rd, which will focus on the role of technology in human empowerment. The names of the two keynote speakers at the conference, David Ferguson and Carlos Moreira, are marked in red. These are the people who authored the book \"The transhuman Code: How to Program Your Future.\" No similar conference can be found on the list of Vatican events, and no meeting is scheduled for October 23rd in general. Similarly, Neither Carlos Moreira nor David Ferguson has not announced participating in a similar conference.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "a conference titled \"The Elite Global Leaders Conference\" will be held at the Vatican on Oct. 23 and will focus on \"humanity-empowering technology.\"", "evidence": "Global Leaders At Fifth International Vatican Conference Working On Ways For People To Live Healthy Lives Well Past 100 [...] This is the fifth International Vatican Conference and this year it's all virtual. For three days, more than 100 global leaders in science, faith, medicine and technology are discussing the latest breakthroughs in medicine, health care delivery and prevention, as well as the human implications and cultural impact of technological advances.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims \"Dumber and Dumber\" actor Jim Carrey said, \"Society is collapsing.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Jim Carrey Say, \u2018Society Is Collapsing\u2019? An image shared on Facebook claims \"Dumb and Dumber\" actor Jim Carrey said, \"Society is collapsing.\" [...] The meme, which has been shared more than 24,000 times, purports that Carrey believes society is collapsing. The alleged statement continues, \"People are starting to recognize that the reason they feel like they\u2019re mentally ill is that they\u2019re living in a system that\u2019s not designed to suit the human spirit.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims \"Dumber and Dumber\" actor Jim Carrey said, \"Society is collapsing.\"", "evidence": "A celebrity did say this, but it was actually British comedian Russell Brand.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show Russian President Vladimir Putin telling Americans they interfere with their own democracy", "evidence": "The video was created by the non-partisan anti-corruption organization, RepresentUs. A spokesperson for the organization confirmed the footage of Putin included in the video was not real.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports CNN reported Liz Cheney endorsed Ron DeSantis for president", "evidence": "Liz Cheney says she would find it \u2018very difficult\u2019 to support Ron DeSantis for president [...] That hesitance is due to Mr DeSantis\u2019s outspoken embrace of Donald Trump, Ms Cheney said, which she called \"dangerous\" given the revelations about his efforts to overturn the 2020 election and non-response to the mob attack on Congress which he himself had inspired. [...] Liz CheneyRon DeSantisDonald Trump", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Benjamin Franklin once said, \"A Nation of well-informed men who have been taught to know and prize the rights which God has given them cannot be enslaved; it is in the region of ignorance that tyranny begins.\"", "evidence": "6 Reasons American Heritage is Worth Your Time \"A nation of well informed men who have been taught to know and prize the rights which God has given them cannot be enslaved.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that Benjamin Franklin once said, \"A Nation of well-informed men who have been taught to know and prize the rights which God has given them cannot be enslaved; it is in the region of ignorance that tyranny begins.\"", "evidence": "Introduction \"This will be the best security for maintaining our liberties . . . a nation of well-informed men, who have been taught to know and prize the rights which God has given them, cannot be enslaved, It is in the regions of ignorance that tyranny begins.\" The above quote containing the words and visions of Benjamin Franklin exhorts citizens of the newly-formed republic to be aware in order to preserve personal freedoms and it clearly underscores the goal of this unit.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims a white Russian billionaire offered to pay $1 billion for NBA superstar LeBron James and tennis champion Serena Williams to have a child together", "evidence": "On Saturday\u2019s U.S. Open women\u2019s finals, a year after she almost died on the delivery-room table, tennis champion Serena Williams ran smack dab into one of the proud defenders of the patriarchy so affronted at a Black woman using her voice that he abused his authority to punish her by all the means he had. [...] But the events of Saturday night are bigger than Serena. It is evocative of a culture of misogyny and disrespect for women in sports that tennis perpetuates. The longstanding gap in prize money, unaddressed until her sister Venus, went to bat for women\u2019s equality. The lack of accommodation for maternity leave, emblematic of that larger social issue of how women are expected to have children, but not be given any support for it\u2014often penalized at work and \"mommytracked\" instead. Another player, Alize Cornet penalized for changing her shirt on-court, when no man has been. Serena\u2019s French Open black bodysuit\u2014which was created for her to address medical issues postpartum\u2014was dismissed by the French Tennis Federation as \"disrespectful\" and then outlawed. There has been a constant policing of women\u2019s bodies and a wash of respectability politics.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims Socrates said, \"When the debate is lost, slander becomes the tool of the losers.\"", "evidence": "John Fugelsang \u2714@JohnFugelsang https://twitter.com/JohnFugelsang/status/418377601804025856 'When the debate is lost, slander becomes the tool of the loser.' -Socrates. [...] So far as we can tell, the phrase \"when the debate is lost, slander becomes the tool of the loser\" emerged roughly around 2008 and appears to have no traceable history prior to that. Despite its popularity on social media, no one has ever found a single direct link to any material attributed to Socrates matching the quote. Its abrupt appearance and lack of historical support suggests that Socrates\u2019 signature was tacked to the commentary to give it an air of ancient wisdom.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Socrates said, \"When the debate is lost, slander becomes the tool of the losers.\"", "evidence": "No, Socrates didn\u2019t call slander the 'tool of the losers' A viral image on Facebook quotes Socrates as saying, \"When the debate is lost, slander becomes the tool of the losers.\" [...] Snopes, \"Did Socrates say: \u2018When debate is lost, slander becomes tool of the loser\u2019?,\" April 12, 2016", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Pittsburgh Steelers coach Mike Tomlin fired two players for kneeling during national anthem", "evidence": "A post shared on social media purports that the head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers Mike Tomlin has fired two players for kneeling during the National Anthem. [...] The Facebook post purports that Tomlin fired his players for disrespecting the National Anthem. The post shows side-by-side images, one of Tomlin and the other a Steeler player kneeling. The caption reads, \"Mike Tomlin Just Fired Two Players After They Knelt During National Anthem", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims President Donald Trump volunteered his airline Tower Air to bring American soldiers home during Operation Desert Storm", "evidence": "A viral Facebook post depicts President Donald Trump as a generous airline owner who donated his planes to transport American soldiers home from Saudi Arabia in 1991. But the details don\u2019t square with what happened. [...] \"Finally, the buses came and took the young man to the airport. The planes waiting were from Tower Air. The owner of Tower Air had volunteered his planes and staff to bring soldiers home for the cost of fuel only. Happily, the young veteran got home just in time for Easter weekend in 1991 and spent that time emotionally healing with friends and family surrounding him\u2026 \"The Airline owner \u2013 Donald J Trump. [...] TruthorFiction, Did Donald Trump\u2019s Tower Air Transport Soldiers Home From the First Gulf War?, March 4, 2016", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "claims President Donald Trump volunteered his airline Tower Air to bring American soldiers home during Operation Desert Storm", "evidence": "Trump was never the owner of Tower Air. His airline, Trump Shuttle, operated flights between New York, Boston and Washington D.C. from 1989 to 1992.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims President Donald Trump volunteered his airline Tower Air to bring American soldiers home during Operation Desert Storm", "evidence": "A viral Facebook post claims President Donald Trump volunteered his airline Tower Air to bring American soldiers home from Operation Desert Storm. Trump was never the owner of Tower Air. His airline, Trump Shuttle, operated flights between New York, Boston and Washington D.C. from 1989 to 1992. [...] Yet, while Tower Air did charter overseas passenger and cargo flights for the Department of Defense in the 90s, the airline was never owned by Trump. Tower Air was founded by Morris Nachtomi, Zev Melamid, Mordechi Gill and Sam Fondlier, according to Airline History records. It ceased operations in 2002.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports U.S. Marine Corps Gen. David H. Berger is allegedly 'missing in action' and hasn't been seen since Jan. 6, 2023", "evidence": "A post shared on Facebook purports U.S. Marines allegedly rescued their commandant, Gen. David H. Berger, from a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) \"safehouse.\" [...] The Facebook post purports U.S. Marines allegedly rescued Berger from a CIA \"safehouse.\" The post further claims that the Marines stormed the \"safehouse\" near Cedarville, California, following a tip from an ex-CIA operative. [...] The article is a follow-up to an earlier article posted on the site purporting Berger was \"missing in action\" after he allegedly disappeared from Camp Pendleton on Jan. 6. (RELATED: Did David Berger Step Down As Marine Corps General Following A Conversation With Donald Trump?)", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "purports U.S. Marine Corps Gen. David H. Berger is allegedly 'missing in action' and hasn't been seen since Jan. 6, 2023", "evidence": "The claim stems from a satirical website. There is no evidence supporting the purported claim.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Former President Donald Trump claimed Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis \"sort of mandated\" the COVID-19 vaccine.", "evidence": "Former President Donald Trump took aim at Ron DeSantis Saturday, claiming the Florida governor and his team are \"trying to rewrite history\" regarding their Covid-19 pandemic response, and called the potential presidential run by his GOP rival \"very disloyal.\" [...] \"I had governors that decided not to close a thing and that was up to them,\" he said. The former president also took aim at DeSantis\u2019 shifting posture on vaccines, saying the Florida governor had \"changed his tune a lot.\" That claim comes after DeSantis called on state lawmakers this month to make permanent existing penalties for companies that require all employees get the Covid-19 vaccination.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Former President Donald Trump claimed Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis \"sort of mandated\" the COVID-19 vaccine.", "evidence": "While DeSantis has expressed support for COVID-19 vaccines, he did not mandate them. DeSantis signed legislation that banned COVID-19 vaccine passports and vaccine mandates in 2021.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that former South African President Nelson Mandela once stated, \"Fools multiply when wise men are silent.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Nelson Mandela Say, \u2018Fools Multiply When Wise Men Are Silent\u2019? The Facebook page U.S. Democratic Voices shared an image that claims former South African President Nelson Mandela once stated, \"Fools multiply when wise men are silent.\" The Daily Caller News Foundation found no evidence that Mandela ever made this statement.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show a mom remove an LGBTQ+ pride flag from a classroom", "evidence": "The video is a skit from comedian Jibrizy. The video does not authentically show a mom removing an LGBTQ+ pride flag from a classroom.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that author Ernest Hemingway once said, \"There is nothing to writing. All you do is sit down at a typewriter and bleed.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence that Hemingway said this quote. The first known attribution to the novelist appeared years after his death.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that author Ernest Hemingway once said, \"There is nothing to writing. All you do is sit down at a typewriter and bleed.\"", "evidence": "Yet, with the addition of existential theory, we see that the act of writing also involves a universal aspect \u2013 an endeavor to create meaning not just for oneself, but for others as well. The act of bleeding onto the page becomes a shared experience, as readers connect with the writer's vulnerability and find solace or inspiration in their words.In this light, Hemingway's quote takes on a deeper significance. It serves as a reminder that writing is not solely about the author's catharsis or self-expression; it is also a potent form of communication that can transcend boundaries of time, place, and culture. When a writer 'bleeds' through their words, they invite readers to share in their experiences and emotions, creating a profound sense of connection and understanding.In conclusion, Ernest Hemingway's quote, 'There is nothing to writing. All you do is sit down at a typewriter and bleed,' carries a multifaceted meaning. It initially captures the personal and raw nature of writing, emphasizing the vulnerability and honesty required to create meaningful work.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that author Ernest Hemingway once said, \"There is nothing to writing. All you do is sit down at a typewriter and bleed.\"", "evidence": "The Bloody Typewriter: What Every Writer Needs to Know According to Hemingway \"There\u2019s nothing to writing, all you do is sit down at a typewriter and bleed.\" Ernest Hemingway supposedly said that. Many attribute the quote to other writers. But Hemingway is the focus of this blog, so we\u2019re going to say it\u2019s a Hemingway quote, for now. [...] To sit down and \"bleed\" at your keyboard will likely result in crap. You\u2019ll need to bleed and then sweat, working hard to make the bleeding worth your reader\u2019s time.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "purports CNBC published an article linking AMC Theatres to the recent Silicon Valley Bank collapse", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did CNBC Publish An Article Linking AMC Theatres To The Recent Silicon Valley Bank Collapse?", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports CNBC published an article linking AMC Theatres to the recent Silicon Valley Bank collapse", "evidence": "CNBC did not publish article linking US movie theatre group AMC to Silicon Valley Bank collapse [...] (Reuters) - Social media users are sharing a screenshot of a purported CNBC report that links U.S. movie theater chain AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc to the Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) collapse, but the CNBC report is fabricated. [...] The screenshot shows an apparent CNBC.com article carrying the byline of CNBC reporter Tanaya Macheel, dated March 12 and titled \"AMC Theatres linked to Silicon Valley Bank\u2019s collapse: What happened?\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports CNBC published an article linking AMC Theatres to the recent Silicon Valley Bank collapse", "evidence": "Thanks to a community on Reddit, AMC Theatres saw blockbuster success with Wednesday morning's opening of the stock market, as shares of the movie theater chain soared up by almost 300 percent. The \"SaveAMC\" campaign not only spread quickly on Reddit, but also trended high on Twitter and TikTok.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports the National Gallery in London is removing a famous painting because one of the figures resembles Russian President Vladimir Putin", "evidence": "Dubbed \"Putin\u2019s Palace,\" the 190,000 square-foot mega-mansion was purportedly built for his personal use with funds from billionaire oligarchs, whom he allegedly allowed to flourish in Russia\u2019s notoriously corrupt economy so long as they shared the wealth \u2013 with him. [...] Krivonogikh has declined to comment about Putin to reporters, but her daughter \u2013 who had tens of thousands of Instagram followers before recently deleting her account \u2013 has acknowledged to interviewers that she shares a resemblance to the President. [...] In the eyes of some longtime Putin observers, the enigmatic Russian leader has shifted his focus from pursuit of wealth to consolidation of power.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "President Joe Biden claimed in a Sept. 11, 2023 speech that he was in New York City where the World Trade Center towers fell the day after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.", "evidence": "Biden was likely in Washington D.C. the entire day. A White House spokesperson pointed to a visit to the site on Sept. 20, 2001.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "President Joe Biden claimed in a Sept. 11, 2023 speech that he was in New York City where the World Trade Center towers fell the day after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.", "evidence": "In a Sept. 11, 2023, speech commemorating the terrorist attacks of 9/11, Biden said he visited the ruins of the World Trade Center at ground zero the day after the attacks took place. The evidence says otherwise. In a commemorative speech on Sept. 11, 2023, the 22nd anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in which thousands of people died, U.S. President Joe Biden said he remembered standing at ground zero in New York City the next day and looking at the rubble of the fallen World Trade Center: [...] The Congressional Record shows that Biden was in Washington, D.C., that day, not New York City. Not only was he in attendance at a Senate session, but as the chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee managed the discussion prior to a vote that would unanimously confirm a joint resolution condemning the 9/11 attacks.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Bill Gates turned off his Twitter comments after Elon Musk allegedly exposed him in the latest Twitter files", "evidence": "Elon Musk\u2019s Twitter Files don\u2019t mention, let alone \"expose\" Bill Gates \u2014 fact check - Social media posts claim Elon Musk\u2019s Twitter Files \"exposed\" Bill Gates \"so hard\" that the Microsoft co-founder turned off comments on his tweets. But the Twitter Files, released in December 2022, don\u2019t discuss Gates. And Gates turned off comments in July 2020. \"Elon Musk EXPOSED Bill Gates in the latest twitter files so hard that he has now turned off comments on his Twitter,\" reads a claim circulating on social media in South Africa and elsewhere in January 2023. [...] \ud83d\udea8 Elon Musk EXPOSED Bill Gates in the latest twitter files so hard that he has now turned off comments on his Twitter. pic.twitter.com/wcSljoVqS4 \u2014 Anti WEF (@ANTlWEF) January 16, 2023", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "House Speaker Nancy Pelosi tweeted, \"I am disgusted with 'President' Trump allowing people to keep more of the money they earn.\"", "evidence": "Q: Did Nancy Pelosi say, \"I am disgusted with \u2018President\u2019 Trump allowing people to keep more of the money they earn\"? [...] The phony tweet says: \"I am disgusted with \u2018President\u2019 Trump allowing people to keep more of the money they earn. It is this type of wide spread theft of public resources that keeps America from being great \u2018Mr. President\u2019.\" The fake tweet dates to Dec. 20, 2017, the day that Congress passed tax changes championed by President Donald Trump.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "House Speaker Nancy Pelosi tweeted, \"I am disgusted with 'President' Trump allowing people to keep more of the money they earn.\"", "evidence": "There is no record of Pelosi ever tweeting this statement. The tweet has been fabricated.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "President Obama released 500,000 pedophiles from background check database", "evidence": "No, Obama did not remove 500,000 pedophiles from a background check database | Fact check The claim: Obama removed 500,000 pedophiles from a background check database A May 1 Instagram post (direct link, archive link) shows a screenshot of a 2018 news article with the headline \"Obama Removed 500,000 Pedophiles From Background Check Database.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "President Obama released 500,000 pedophiles from background check database", "evidence": "The claim is inaccurate. Certain fugitives from the database following a definition change, which doesn\u2019t single out pedophiles.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims the WHO advised the public to not have unprotected sex with animals to prevent the coronavirus?", "evidence": "Explanation: Posts presented an edited version of an image posted by WHO on Twitter in January 27. In the original publication, the organization advised people to avoid contact with wild and farm animals.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Public spending in Northern Ireland is 45% higher than it is in Ireland.", "evidence": "Using public expenditure as a measure of public spending, total public expenditure per person in Northern Ireland in 2015\u201316 was 10% higher than in Ireland. More recently, it was near par with Ireland. As a part of national output (GDP), government consumption contributed an estimated 45% more, per person, in Northern Ireland than it did in Ireland. But government consumption excludes aspects of spending, like investment in roads and social welfare.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Face coverings/masks became \u201cmandatory\u201d in shops in Northern Ireland as of 1 August 2020.", "evidence": "Health Minister Robin Swann has welcomed the Northern Ireland Executive\u2019s decision to make the wearing of face coverings mandatory in shops. Health Minister Robin Swann has welcomed the NI Executive decision on face coverings. [...] \"This is particularly important in light of the fact that shielding is due to be paused from July 31. As people who have been shielding start resuming everyday activities, the wearing of face coverings in shops is a practical way to reassure them and help them keep safe.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The Department of Health (England) needs the consent of families to release information of deceased relatives.", "evidence": "- if you are aware of any wishes (written or verbal) of the deceased individual relating to their information being shared - if there is anything in the record which would either cause distress to the family or benefit them to know - if there is any third party information in the record; for example, information about other family members - if there is anything in the record which if disclosed might cause harm to another person - to explain any clinical abbreviations or terminology in the record, to help the person who has asked for a copy of the record understand it [...] Where confidential information about a deceased person is required for a purpose beyond individual care, such as research, service evaluation or national clinical audit, the requester should obtain approval from the Health Research Authority, under section 251 of the NHS Act 2006. [...] You will also need to consider the likelihood of information sharing being of benefit to the family of the deceased; for example, sharing certain information could reduce the emotional or mental harm experienced by grieving relatives. For example, where a person died of COVID-19 and their relatives were unable to visit them because of the infection control measures in place; or where a parent asks for information about the circumstances and causes of their child's death.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The Department of Health (England) needs the consent of families to release information of deceased relatives.", "evidence": "135. There are circumstances in which you must disclose relevant information about a patient who has died. For example: [...] 138. Archived records relating to deceased patients remain subject to a duty of confidentiality, although the potential for disclosing information about, or causing distress to, surviving relatives or damaging the public's trust will diminish over time. [...] Usually, if an individual who is known to the deceased is requesting information in relation to the circumstances surrounding the death, it will be appropriate to rely on the above GMC guidance.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "41% of those living with HIV in Northern Ireland are heterosexual.", "evidence": "The claim is accurate. Furthermore, Northern Ireland has observed the fastest growth in diagnoses over the past 10 years, when compared to the average both in Ireland and in the United Kingdom.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "41% of those living with HIV in Northern Ireland are heterosexual.", "evidence": "Number living with HIV in Northern Ireland rises 10% [...] The annual HIV in Northern Ireland report highlighted a continuing rise in new HIV diagnoses, up by 3%, from 80 in 2010 to 82 in 2011. [...] Gay men are the group still most at risk of acquiring HIV within the UK, while the majority of heterosexual cases are acquired abroad.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Medicinal tea \u2018help with\u2019 COVID-19", "evidence": "There is no evidence of tea curing or alleviating the symptoms of COVID-19. In fact, according to the World Health Organization, there are no medicines that have yet been shown to prevent or cure COVID-19. A weekend news report in the Sunday Life quotes Basile \u2018G-Star\u2019 Sery \u2013 who was selling medicinal tea on Facebook \u2013 telling its reporter that it can \"aid\" people suffering from COVID-19. Sery is also quoted saying \"Coronavirus is mucus blocking the oxygen supply and the tea can flush out the mucus\u2026 It can help with coronavirus because it\u2019s an anti-inflammatory. It\u2019s the same as you\u2019ll find in health shops.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Medicinal tea \u2018help with\u2019 COVID-19", "evidence": "The medicinal value of tea drinking in the management of COVID-19 - PMID: 36647394 - PMCID: PMC9833859 - DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12968 The medicinal value of tea drinking in the management of COVID-19 Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is presently the largest international public health event, individuals infected by the virus not only have symptoms such as fever, dry cough, and lung infection at the time of onset, but also possibly have sequelae in the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, nervous system, mental health and other aspects. However, numerous studies have depicted that the active ingredients in tea show good antiviral effects and can treat various diseases by regulating multiple pathways, and the therapeutic effects are associated with the categories of chemical components in tea. In this review, the differences in the content of key active ingredients in different types of tea are summarized. In addition, we also highlighted their effects on COVID-19 and connected sequelae, further demonstrating the possibility of developing a formulation for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and its sequelae through tea extracts. We have a tendency to suggest forestalling and treating COVID-19 and its sequelae through scientific tea drinking.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "One in four women in Northern Ireland have at some point in their lives have been a victim of domestic violence.", "evidence": "Domestic abuse occurs across all groups in society, regardless of age, gender, race, religion, sexuality, wealth or geography. The majority of victims are women and children although research is highlighting the prevalence and context of male victims. Recent PSNI statistics show that 86% of perpetrators of domestic abuse were male and 12% (were female. It is estimated that 1 in 4 women will suffer domestic violence at some point in their lives. [...] Research has shown that approximately 1 in 4 women have or currently experience domestic abuse. It is therefore very common. PSNI statistics highlight the prevalence of the issue in Northern Ireland. Domestic abuse is not just a problem for Northern Ireland, statistics indicate that domestic violence is a worldwide problem. Research shows domestic violence occurs in all social, economic, religious and cultural groups. According to the Family Violence Prevention Fund, one in every three women in the world has experienced sexual, physical, emotional or other abuse in her lifetime.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Unionism was against the NI Protocol from day one", "evidence": "Did Unionism always oppose the Northern Ireland Protocol? [...] On 15 March, DUP leader Sir Jeffrey Donaldson MP told the National Press Club in Washington DC: \"Unionism rejected the NI Protocol from day one.\"Articles |", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Unionism was against the NI Protocol from day one", "evidence": "The Protocol had two iterations in October 2019 In the Executive in 2021, the DUP opposition remained with some nuance All of the main Unionist parties have opposed the Protocol Polls also suggest a lack of support for the NI Protocol amongst the Unionist community, more generally", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Seventy percent of people in Northern Ireland and the majority of its Assembly Members support marriage equality for LGBT couples.", "evidence": "Lots of experts were surprised that \"Catholic Ireland\" voted in gay marriage. They haven't been paying attention. Last weekend, Ireland overwhelmingly approved a constitutional amendment legalizing same-sex marriage, the first country in the world to do so by popular vote. The reaction invariably included some degree of shock that a country about 85 percent Roman Catholic would embrace marriage equality. Well, the Irish Catholics aren't alone. Much to the Vatican's evident chagrin, majorities of Catholics all over the West support same-sex marriage, often at higher rates than other Christian denominations. In majority-Protestant Northern Ireland, the provincial Assembly has refused to join the rest of the United Kingdom in allowing same-sex marriage \u2014 most recently in January \u2014 and First Minister Peter Robinson recently agreed with his wife that homosexuality is \"an abomination.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Seventy percent of people in Northern Ireland and the majority of its Assembly Members support marriage equality for LGBT couples.", "evidence": "- ^ Clakre, Liam (3 October 2014). \"Slim majority in Northern Ireland supports same sex marriage law\". Belfast Telegraph. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2014. [...] - ^ \"Survey shows 70% support for same-sex marriages in Northern Ireland \u2013 BelfastTelegraph.co.uk\". Belfasttelegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2016. - ^ \"76% of Northern Ireland back marriage equality in latest poll\". Gaytimes.co.uk. 9 April 2018. Archived from the original on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2019.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Michael Davitt Gaelic Athletic Club offered as a coronavirus field hospital.", "evidence": "Michael Davitt (1950-2005) was a key figure in the literary movement associated with the poetry magazine Innti, which he established as a student broadsheet with his fellow students Gabriel Rosenstock and Con \u00d3 Drisceoil at University College Cork in 1970. Important influences during his UCC years were the creative trio of Se\u00e1n \u00d3 R\u00edord\u00e1in (see the entry in this series for 1971), Se\u00e1n \u00d3 Tuama, poet and professor of Irish, and the composer Se\u00e1n \u00d3 Riada, all of whom were exploring and experimenting with inherited art forms. Davitt, born and raised in Cork city, was himself a charismatic man, and he took the Irish language and Irish poetry out of classrooms and lecture halls and into the pubs and clubs of youth culture. For Davitt and many of his peers from urban English-speaking backgrounds, commitment to Irish was a conscious countercultural move, in tune with youth movements and civil-rights politics.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Workers have trapped their van inside bollards they are installing outside a hospital in Belfast.", "evidence": "This claim is not accurate. The building is an office block in Manchester, not a hospital in Belfast. And the bollards are removable.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Workers have trapped their van inside bollards they are installing outside a hospital in Belfast.", "evidence": "This claim is not accurate. The building is an office block in Manchester, not a hospital in Belfast. And the bollards are removable. A number of much shared Facebook posts claim \"These workmen are just finished installing cast-iron bollards to stop people from parking on the pavement outside the Royal Hospital in Belfast. They are cleaning up at the end of the day. If you can spot why they\u2019re not going home hit share, and don\u2019t say!\" The image in these humour Facebook posts frequently appears in memes and Facebook posts. The location varies. This well shared version claims that the workmen are installing bollards outside \"the Royal Hospital in Belfast\".", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There is a new \u2018Brothers-in-Arms\u2019 mural in Belfast depicting a partnership between the UDA and the DUP.", "evidence": "There is no \u2018Brothers-in-Arms\u2019 UDA-DUP mural in Belfast.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "By 2026, 96% of the projected population growth in Northern Ireland will be represented by people aged 65 and over.", "evidence": "On 12 June 2019, the BBC programme, Spend it Like Stormont, stated: \"Between 2016 and 2026, the population here [Northern Ireland] is projected to grow by more than 77,000 \u2014 96% of which will be 65 and over.\" [...] Overall, the growth in the population of Northern Ireland of those aged 0-64 is low (3,085 people) and those aged 65+ is high (74,502 people). Those aged 65+ represent 96% of total projected growth. [...] Data from the NISRA show that over the 10-year period from mid-2016 to mid-2026, Northern Ireland\u2019s population is projected to rise by 4.2% (i.e. 77,600 people); 96% of this growth will be represented by those aged 65 and over.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "By 2026, 96% of the projected population growth in Northern Ireland will be represented by people aged 65 and over.", "evidence": "Projected future population of Northern Ireland by age and sex 30 January 2024 12 January 2022 21 October 2019", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A \u00a3400m pot left unallocated by Stormont is going to be used to cover ongoing spending by departments.", "evidence": "Meanwhile, Mr Murphy said the pot of money left unspent at Stormont due to the ongoing political stalemate now stands at \u00a3421 million. [...] A draft three-year budget along with \u00a3300m in unallocated funding from the UK Treasury was left on the Executive table when Paul Givan resigned as first minister in February as part of the DUP\u2019s protest over the Northern Ireland Protocol.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The economy in Derry/Londonderry has contracted 21% since the restoration of the Northern Ireland Assembly in 2007.", "evidence": "On 9 July 2021, the Derry Journal published an article about a report, \"Comparison of the economic growth of Derry and Belfast since the Good Friday Agreement (1998)\", written in 2018 by Cormac Duffy for Derry University Group (DUG) campaign group. The report used Gross Value Added (GVA) data to compare economic performance across the local authorities of Belfast, Derry City and Stranbane, and Lincoln (England). Among the report\u2019s key findings is the claim: \"Derry economy has contracted 21% since the restoration of Stormont in 2007.\" [...] The central claim of the report that the Derry and Strabane area economy has contracted by 21% since 2007 appears to be inaccurate on a number of fronts: - between 2007 and 2015, where the DUG assessment stops, GVA (adjusted for inflation to 2018 prices) grew by less than 1%, from \u00a32.52bn to \u00a32.55bn; and - since the restoration of the Northern Ireland Assembly in 2007 to 2019, the latest year for which ONS data is available, the Derry and Strabane area economy grew by 15.4%, from \u00a32.524bn to \u00a32.912bn (shown in figure below).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The economy in Derry/Londonderry has contracted 21% since the restoration of the Northern Ireland Assembly in 2007.", "evidence": "This article (Part I) begins by summarising the evidence that substantiates the claim that Derry is an economic outlier \u2013 suffering from a level of financial and social deprivation that is quite unique within Northern Ireland (and even the UK). The second article (Part II) will consider the range of reasons why the city finds itself in such a perilous state today. And the third and final article (Part III) will conclude with an analysis of what can be done to enable Derry to genuinely fulfil its potential and role as NI\u2019s second city and as an important cross-border regional capital \u2013 particularly in light of Brexit. [...] Whilst further evidence abounds to prove that Derry is the UK and Northern Ireland\u2019s economic problem child, the above should provide sufficient proof that the city does indeed suffer from a cocktail of high unemployment, high deprivation, low qualifications, low wages, low home ownership, low entrepreneurship and a high dependency upon public sector employment \u2013 all of which anchors it at the bottom of the pile in Northern Ireland. And while post-Troubles NI as a whole continues to converge with the rest of the UK on many key economic indicators, it is leaving it\u2019s own second city firmly behind as it does so. Stormont \u2013 we have a problem. Part II of this article will go on to consider how Derry has ended up in this economic position, and what has made Derry so poor.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The economy in Derry/Londonderry has contracted 21% since the restoration of the Northern Ireland Assembly in 2007.", "evidence": "This claim is inaccurate. Since 2007, economic output in the Derry and Strabane area has grown by 15% whether measured by Gross Value Added (GVA)Economy | [...] Derry/Londonderry only city without its own university?", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) are to pilot a Snapchat social media platform initiative to monitor social mitigation compliance in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "1,115 Community Resolution Notices (CRNs) 1,775 Penalty Notices (Covid 1 Notice) 449 Prohibition Notices (Covid 2 Notice) 47 Failure to Isolate fines (\u00a31,000) (Covid 3 Notice)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A scone can equal a third of one\u2019s recommended daily calories.", "evidence": "An average scone equals a fifth of recommended daily calories for females, and a sixth for males. The number of calories tends to be proportionate to the size of a scone rather than the luxuriousness of its filling.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "For every child coming into school in Northern Ireland, they are getting much less than their counterparts in other regions of the United Kingdom.", "evidence": "Public expenditure on pre-primary and primary education in Northern Ireland is least per child (\u00a33,440; UK average: \u00a34,316) and per head of population (\u00a3416; UK average: \u00a3473). Meanwhile, Northern Ireland has the second highest level of expenditure on overall education per head of population (\u00a31,453); the situation is better explained by the amount spent per head on education subsidies and n.e.c. categories (\u00a3257; UK average: \u00a3102). On Tuesday 13th March during an interview conducted on BBC Radio Ulster Evening Extra, Corinne Latham, principal of Seaview Primary School in North Belfast, claimed: \"For every child coming into school in Northern Ireland, they are getting much less than their counterparts in other regions of the United Kingdom.\" [...] At face value, Latham\u2019s claim is correct; primary aged children in Northern Ireland receive less direct education expenditure than their counterparts in the rest of the UK.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "A map shared on Twitter shows the amount of green space in Northern Ireland which is available to the public.", "evidence": "In general, based on the 2012 data, the area of publicly accessible green space per inhabitant tends to be higher in cities in northern European countries than in cities in southern and eastern European countries, with the exception of Poland, where public green space per inhabitant is also higher (Maes et al., 2019). Looking at capital cities in Europe (Figure 2), the data from the Urban Atlas 2018 suggests that the proportions of urban green space (i.e. accessible vegetated areas such as public gardens, parks, urban forests and cemeteries) are relatively low overall; nonetheless, some capitals (for example Stockholm, Dublin or Athens) tend to have higher proportions of such publicly available green space. An assessment based on 2012 data (Maes et al., 2019) suggests that less than half of Europe\u2019s urban population lives within 300m of a park, with large differences across Europe. For example, while more than 80% of the population of Stockholm has access to a public park a short walk (300m) away, in Heraklion, Greece, under 20% enjoys such access.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A map shared on Twitter shows the amount of green space in Northern Ireland which is available to the public.", "evidence": "Every council in Northern Ireland will receive funding from the UK Government to enhance green spaces in their communities through the UK Shared Prosperity Fund. - \u00a31.3 million from UK Government to revive 26 green spaces across Northern Ireland - New play parks, improved cycle paths and a King\u2019s Garden to mark the Coronation included in the successful projects - Part of \u00a3127 million UK Shared Prosperity Fund to help spread opportunity and level up Northern Ireland [...] Green spaces are so integral to all communities, and it\u2019s fantastic that every council area across Northern Ireland will benefit from this boost from the UK Shared Prosperity Fund.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There is 51% support for a united Ireland.", "evidence": "A new poll in Northern Ireland has shown that 51% would vote in favor of a United Ireland if there were a border poll tomorrow. [...] The results then broke down to 51% to 49% for unification. [...] Fifty-one percent also claimed that Brexit made a United Ireland more likely:", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "There is 51% support for a united Ireland.", "evidence": "This claim is accurate. Although the Sinn Fein manifesto didn\u2019t declare the exclusion of \u201cdon\u2019t knows\u201d, this revises a 45/46/9 split to a rounded 49/51 split between staying in the UK and leaving the UK and joining the Republic of Ireland.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "There is 51% support for a united Ireland.", "evidence": "However, he says unionists should not be too alarmed because coming from a Catholic or Protestant community background does not necessarily equate with support for a United Ireland or for remaining in the UK. [...] It is likely there will be \"more examination of what a United Ireland might mean,\" according to Dr Nolan. [...] Dismissing opinion polls declaring support for a united Ireland, Dr Nolan says the polls ask the wrong question.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Ireland has the fastest growing economy in the Eurozone.", "evidence": "For one of Europe\u2019s smallest countries, Ireland continuously punches above its weight. It has the fastest growing economy in the Eurozone and has the third highest real GDP per capita in the world. A slow starter in ecommerce user penetration, it has quickly caught up with its European neighbours. 72% of the population now shop online, predominantly for clothing and electronics. Payments in Ireland are dominated by credit and debit cards, with Visa leading the way. The average shopper holds 1-2 cards. Digital wallet adoption is on the rise with PayPal the most widely used.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Ireland has the fastest growing economy in the Eurozone.", "evidence": "Irish economy smiling as GDP growth beats eurozone rivals [...] Ireland has just been confirmed as the fastest-growing economy in the eurozone for the fourth consecutive year. Irish GDP grew in 2017 by 7.8%, up from 5.2% in 2016, with almost all parts of the economy growing strongly.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "If Ireland\u2019s population density was the same as England, its population would be 35 million people.", "evidence": "Demographics of Ireland Population 5,348,000 (2023) Density 73 per km2 Growth rate 8.1% Birth rate 10.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.) Death rate 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.) Life expectancy 80.19 years \u2022 male 78 years \u2022 female 82.6 years Fertility rate 1.70 children born/woman (2022 est.) Infant mortality rate 3.85 deaths/1,000 live births Net migration rate 0.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population 0\u201314 years 19.98% 15\u201364 years 65.26% 65 and over 14.76% Total 0.99 male/female At birth 1.057 male/female Under 15 1.07 male/female 15\u201364 years 1.00 male/female 65 and over 0.81 male/female Nationality Irish Major ethnic Irish 76.5% Minor ethnic Other White 10.3%, Asian: 3.7%, Black: 1.5%, Irish Travellers 0.7%, Other 1.3%, Not stated 6.7% (2022) Official Irish, English Spoken Irish sign language , Shelta , Ulster Scots [...] The island of Ireland's population has fluctuated over history. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, Ireland experienced a major population boom as a result of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions. In the 50-year period 1790\u20131840, the population of the island doubled from 4 million to 8 million. At its peak, Ireland's population density was similar to that of England and continental Europe. [...] Northern Ireland 36,538 35,986 39,567 49,928 49,171 58,470 57,389 61,750", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The EU sends Northern Ireland \u20ac500 million a year", "evidence": "The European Commission will continue funding cross-border projects in Northern Ireland after Brexit. [...] Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland have benefited from EU funding, particularly in border areas.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland eats more meat than in the rest of the UK.", "evidence": "Northern Ireland agri-food sector publications", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland eats more meat than in the rest of the UK.", "evidence": "The diet of people in Northern Ireland is much worse than is typical in the UK, according to research by the Food Standards Agency in Northern Ireland. [...] The survey, co-funded by the Northern Ireland agency, the NI\u2019s Department of Health, and Safefood, found that fruit and vegetable consumption in Northern Ireland was significantly lower than in the UK as a whole. [...] The study found that overall consumption of sugar, fizzy drinks, confectionery, chips, fried foods and meat tended to be higher in Northern Ireland than the rest of the UK.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland eats more meat than in the rest of the UK.", "evidence": "This claim is accurate. According to recent survey reports. For adults aged 19 to 64 years, the mean consumption in Northern Ireland was 82 grams per day, compared to 71 grams for all of the UK; yet for Ireland the figure is 108 grams (adults aged 18 to 64 years).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "People in the RoI can expect to live a healthy life for almost a decade longer than those in NI - 69.4 years compared to 61 years.", "evidence": "- Healthy life expectancy (HLE) is the number of years someone can expect to live in good health: for NI, the current estimate for HLE is around 62 years while, for Ireland, it is 69.4 years - However, Northern Ireland uses a different definition of good health, meaning direct comparisons between the two figures are ill-advised - Analysis of other HLE estimates indicates the gap between NI and ROI is nowhere near ten years [...] \"The average person in the Republic can expect to live a healthy life for almost a full decade longer than people in the North. The figure for the North is 61 years and the corresponding one for the Republic is 69.4 years.\" [...] When other estimates for healthy life expectancy are considered, it becomes clear that the gap between NI and RoI is nowhere near a decade.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "More residents want peace walls to stay.", "evidence": "This claim is accurate. While the findings from the 2015 survey are mixed, as they have also been in previous studies, there is some evidence that relationships between single identity communities along peace walls have grown more suspicious, and that the appetite for change evident in a previous 2012 survey has diminished slightly.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Over half of the residents in Fermanagh & Omagh District Council are living in poverty.", "evidence": "The Council area is home to over 115,300 people with approximately 7340 businesses, creating 38,500 jobs. The Fermanagh & Omagh District Council area is Northern Ireland\u2019s largest region in terms of land mass, covering 3,000km2, which equates to 20% of Northern Ireland. It is the smallest council area in terms of population with a population density of 41 people per km2. [...] The Fermanagh & Omagh District Council area is home to six wards which, at the time of application, were ranked in the upper quartile of disadvantage. Almost half (43.23%) of those living in the Fermanagh & Omagh District Council area have no or low qualifications; 4.8% are unemployed, of these 47.09% are long-term unemployed, 34.05% of the population are economically inactive with 20.75% recorded as having a long-term health problem or disability limiting day-to-day activities. Fermanagh & Omagh District Council work in partnership with the Western Health and Social Care Trust (WH&SCT), Education (EA) for the Western Region in delivery with Fermanagh Rural Community Initiative (FRCI) to run their ASPIRE Programme which stands for Access to Success, Progression, Inclusion, Recognition, Employment.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Over half of the residents in Fermanagh & Omagh District Council are living in poverty.", "evidence": "Fermanagh and Omagh District Council, with funding support from the Department of Communities and the Public Health Agency, have worked in partnership with researchers at Ulster University to investigate fuel, transport and food poverty across the Fermanagh and Omagh District. Specifically, this research investigated the spatial patterns of fuel poverty (a household\u2019s inability to keep adequately warm at a reasonable cost), transport poverty (affordability of transport) and food poverty (insufficient economic access to an adequate quantity and quality of food to maintain a nutritionally satisfactory and socially acceptable diet) to identify if rurality increases the risk of fuel, transport and/or food poverty in FODC. The study aimed to provide food, fuel and transport poverty maps in order to inform poverty alleviation policies and programmes and targeted interventions at District Electoral Area level to maximise impact and ensure those most in need are supported.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Over half of the residents in Fermanagh & Omagh District Council are living in poverty.", "evidence": "In its 23 January 2019 edition, the Fermanagh Herald reported that \"just over half of everyone in the local district is living in poverty\". The article explained: \"in total, 25.1 percent of people in Fermanagh and Omagh area are living in relative poverty, while 25.1 percent are living in absolute poverty\". The article says the figure is revealed in a report called \"Poverty in Fermanagh and Omagh: A Statistical Overview\", sourced from the Fermanagh & Omagh District Council. The report includes a presentation by data scientist, Alan Mitchell, for the Council. [...] The Fermanagh Herald published a correction to its article on 6 February 2019 (page 10) (see above image): \"On January 23 the Herald ran a story \u2018Shocking survey shows full scale of hidden poverty in Fermanagh\u2019. In this [article], it was stated over half of everyone in the county was living in poverty. This statement was based on a Council report that stated the most recent statistics showed 25.1 percent of the local population was living in relative poverty and 25.1 percent were living in absolute poverty \u2026 The Council has since clarified to the Herald these figures overlapped and referred to the same group of people. As such, the total living in poverty, of both kinds, is 25.1 percent. We are happy to make this correction.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "62% of income received by farmers in Northern Ireland comes from the European Union.", "evidence": "This claim is accurate. The average payment received from the EU (\u00a327,648) in 2016-17 represented 62.4% of total farm income (\u00a344,305). This ratio fluctuates with market prices; it ranged between 52% and 71% during 2012-13 to 2016-17. [...] During the BBC Radio Ulster\u2019s Nolan Show on 5 February 2019, two guests debated the percentage of farmers\u2019 income that is coming from Brussels. Jane Morris, former Head of the European Commission Office in Northern Ireland, said that more than 80% of farmers\u2019 income in Northern Ireland is coming from EU cheques: \"under the common agricultural policy for farmers \u2026 over 80% of their whole revenue monthly comes from the European Union\" (16:19). Former UKIP Northern Ireland leader David McNarry counter-claimed \"it is actually somewhere about 62%\" (17:30). [...] DAERA annually publishes a statistical report on Northern Ireland farm incomes. These reports include average net farm incomes, as well as direct payments coming from the European Union (under the Basic Payment Scheme). In 2016-17, the average net income per farm was \u00a316,387. The average additional payments received from the EU was \u00a327,648 per farm. Thus, 62.4% of the total farm income (\u00a344,305) came from EU payments. This substantiates McNarry\u2019s statement.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "62% of income received by farmers in Northern Ireland comes from the European Union.", "evidence": "Provisional figures indicate that the \u2018Total Income from Farming\u2019 (TIFF) in Northern Ireland increased by 8.3% (8.0% in real terms) from \u00a3463 million in 2020 to \u00a3501 million in 2021. [...] A detailed analysis of farm incomes by type and size of farm in 2020/21 will be provided in the report \u2018Farm Incomes in Northern Ireland 2020/21\u2019 which will be published on the DAERA website in March 2022. [...] - The EU and UK system for classification of farms was revised in 2011. Farms are now classified in terms of Standard Output (SO) compared to Standard Gross Margin (SGM) used previously. Further details of the impact of this change are presented in the report \u2018Farm Incomes in Northern Ireland 2010/11\u2019 which is available on the DAERA website.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The Red Cross is refusing blood donations from anyone who has received a vaccination for COVID.", "evidence": "A person can donate blood or plasma following their COVID-19 vaccine. The only stipulations from the American Red Cross are that the individual must know which vaccine they received, be healthy and not have symptoms of COVID-19. [...] In a TikTok video, a man said he was told by a staff member at the American Red Cross that a person vaccinated against COVID-19 can\u2019t donate plasma, because their blood has been completely tainted. [...] American Red Cross, Can I donate after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine? February 24, 2021", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Red Cross is refusing blood donations from anyone who has received a vaccination for COVID.", "evidence": "The claim is not accurate. The British Red Cross does not collect or supply blood in the UK. The Northern Ireland Blood Transfusion Service states that you must wait for seven days after receiving your COVID vaccination before you can donate. In the US, such claims about their Red Cross have been found to be inaccurate.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There is a greater chance of dying in a bus collision than by COVID-19.", "evidence": "This claim is not accurate. The probability of a randomly selected resident of Great Britain dying from January to October 2020, with COVID-19 mentioned on the death certificate, was over 3,000 times higher than the average probability of dying as a pedestrian in an accident involving a bus or a coach in the same period.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There is a greater chance of dying in a bus collision than by COVID-19.", "evidence": "This claim is not accurate. The probability of a randomly selected resident of Great Britain dying from January to October 2020, with COVID-19 mentioned on the death certificate, was over 3,000 times higher than the average probability of dying as a pedestrian in an accident involving a bus or a coach in the same period. A much-shared Facebook post included the claim: \"You\u2019ve got more chance of dying from being hit by a bus than you are of dying from \u2018covid-19.\" [...] Put another way, the probability that a randomly selected Great Britain resident died from January to October 2020 with COVID-19 mentioned on their death certificate was therefore 3,035 times more likely than a randomly selected individual dying as a pedestrian in an accident involving a bus or a coach in any ten months from 2013 to 2019 (60,707 COVID-19 registered deaths/19.92 deaths by bus collision).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There is a greater chance of dying in a bus collision than by COVID-19.", "evidence": "While collisions involving buses make up only a small portion of the total fatal accidents each year, the results are usually tragic. In fact, the NTSB has found that, per vehicle, buses and other commercial motor vehicles are more likely to be involved in fatal crashes than passenger vehicles. [...] At Paulson Coletti, we\u2019ve represented families who have lost loved ones in bus collisions and we have seen the devastation that a deadly bus accident can bring. As a service to those affected by or interested in bus safety, we\u2019ve compiled the most comprehensive list of bus accident statistics and information available online. [...] While fatal crashes involving buses of any kind have fallen sharply since 1975, some types of buses are more likely to be involved in a fatal crash than others. School buses and transit buses are most likely to be involved in fatal collisions.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland Government contingency plans for COVID-19 include turning Dundonald Ice Bowl into a morgue to store bodies temporarily. A common extension is that the SSE (Odyssey) Arena has also been earmarked as a contingency morgue.", "evidence": "The claim is not accurate. The Department of Justice confirms that there are no plans to use either Dundonald Ice Bowl or the SSE Arena. The Justice Minister has stated that buildings on the Kinnegar site outside Holywood will be used as the Northern Ireland Temporary Resting Place if required.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland Government contingency plans for COVID-19 include turning Dundonald Ice Bowl into a morgue to store bodies temporarily. A common extension is that the SSE (Odyssey) Arena has also been earmarked as a contingency morgue.", "evidence": "Executive's Autumn/Winter Covid-19 Contingency Plan A full and shorter version of the Executive's Autumn/Winter Covid-19 Contingency Plan can be viewed below. The plan sets out:", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland Government contingency plans for COVID-19 include turning Dundonald Ice Bowl into a morgue to store bodies temporarily. A common extension is that the SSE (Odyssey) Arena has also been earmarked as a contingency morgue.", "evidence": "Covid-19: Northern Ireland's major milestones - Published [...] The first case of Covid-19 in Northern Ireland was diagnosed in a woman on 27 February 2020. [...] The public soon got used to Covid press briefings at Stormont with First and Deputy First Ministers Arlene Foster and Michelle O'Neill.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There are 1.2 billion fewer carrier bags distributed in Northern Ireland since the introduction of the carrier bag levy in 2012.", "evidence": "contain take-away hot food and hot drinks only contain items such as unpackaged food, seeds and bulbs, axes, knives or razor blades, goods contaminated by soil and some medicinal products carry goods bought in an airport after you clear security are used when you buy a service, such as shoe repair or laundry are of certain sizes and used only to contain packaged uncooked meat or fish are certain types of small bags are specialist bags, such as mail order and courier bags are supplied for free to replace worn out \u2018bags for life\u2019 are carrier bags with a retail price of 20p or more", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There are 1.2 billion fewer carrier bags distributed in Northern Ireland since the introduction of the carrier bag levy in 2012.", "evidence": "The Carrier bag levy annual statistics 2020/21 shows that 56.2 million carrier bags were dispensed by retailers under the levy in Northern Ireland between 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2021. This was 30.2% lower than the previous year, with 24.3 million fewer bags dispensed. The proceeds of the carrier bag levy, which was introduced in Northern Ireland in 2013, totalled \u00a32.2 million, a decrease of \u00a32.2m (50.5%) from the previous year. This was in part due to the levy being waived for home delivery of groceries between 1 April 2020 and 30 September 2020 to manage challenges presented by the Covid-19 pandemic. Welcoming the figures, Minister Poots said: \"Since the release of the last Carrier Bag Levy statistics we have witnessed an unprecedented year, with Covid-19 impacting on both our personal and business lives. We have faced many challenges in how and where we shop and access retail services, however it is very positive to report the removal of over 1.7 billion bags from circulation across Northern Ireland in the past year. I also welcome the fact that there has been an overall 30.2 % decrease in usage from last year, this reduction demonstrates that despite other challenges, people in Northern Ireland are aware of the damage plastic does to our environment. However, there is much more that can be done.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "There are 40,000 third-level students in northwest Ireland, with 7,000 graduates annually ready for employment.", "evidence": "Ireland has too many students - Discuss. Ireland has the highest proportion of 25- to 34-year-olds who have completed third-level education in the EU. Almost half, 47%, of young adults in Ireland have completed third-level education, compared with 39% across the developed world (of OECD members). [...] The proliferation of third-level education also risks infantilising our youth well into what should be their most productive years. Instead of being encouraged to strike out on their own they are encouraged to follow pre-school, primary education and secondary education with yet more education where their focus is less the acquisition of their own experience than regurgitating what teacher says obeying teacher.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There are 40,000 third-level students in northwest Ireland, with 7,000 graduates annually ready for employment.", "evidence": "Instead of considering the growth in numbers entering higher education from 15,000 to 42,500 between 1980 and 2014, look at the figures in the context of school leavers. From just 20% in 1980, nearly 60% of those aged 18 to 20 now attend third level. [...] At 58%, our third-level participation rate is one of the highest in Europe, and there are political hopes to see the figures maintained and increased. With no immediate end in sight to the numbers completing second level, a repeated reference throughout the Cassells report to have widening participation in higher education as a national ambition should be examined more closely. [...] For each of these students who leaves behind a third-level course, there has been a huge investment by taxpayers. More than half of those attending third level now receive financial support from the State, the very lowest level being half the \u20ac3,000 annual undergraduate fee and the highest an almost-\u20ac9,000 combination of student fee and maintenance for living costs.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There are 40,000 third-level students in northwest Ireland, with 7,000 graduates annually ready for employment.", "evidence": "Ulster University has a campus at Magee in Derry/Londonderry. This is a university offering third-level education only. In a reply to a Freedom of Information request from the Derry News, the university planning office confirmed that in the academic year 2018/19, there were 4,313 students studying at the Magee campus: 3,429 were full-time and 884 were part-time. If most degrees take three years to achieve, and following the same pattern observed at Letterkenny Institute of Technology, we estimate that there would be 1,500 graduates from the Magee campus each year. North West Regional College\u2019s data compliance officer provided us with a current estimate of 1,057 students studying in third level/higher education. Of these, 539 are full-time and 518 are part-time. It noted that this may not represent the final figure as further enrolments may be received and processed throughout the year. In 2017-18, third-level students comprised 10% of NWRC\u2019s overall student enrolments. NWRC had 586 students graduate from higher education in 2018-19. Letterkenny Institute of Technology\u2019s admissions office confirmed that they have just over 4,000 students in total, and that all of these students are completing higher education qualifications, Levels 6-10. They also advised that they had 1,200 graduates in 2018.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "21% of people in Northern Ireland are living with a long-term health problem or disability.", "evidence": "Of the people with bipolar alive today in the UK, 70,000 will take their own life unless action is taken.6 The World Health Organisation identifies bipolar as one of the top causes of lost years of life and health in 15 to 44 year olds.7 Many people with bipolar continue to lack the basic support and treatment needed to live well with the condition. 67% of people with bipolar received no self-management advice when they were first diagnosed.8 Anecdotally, many people with bipolar have experienced abuse in hospital and are dealing with undiagnosed post-traumatic stress.9 Just 21% of people with a long-term mental health condition are in employment.10 90% of people with bipolar had told their employer about their condition but 24% of them regretted making that decision.11 Rates of positive screening for bipolar disorder were higher in non-employed people, in those receiving particular benefits, and in people living alone. 4% of women on Employment Support Allowance screen positive for bipolar.12 72% of people with bipolar knew no one else with the condition when they were first diagnosed.13 1 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey: Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, England, 2014.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "21% of people in Northern Ireland are living with a long-term health problem or disability.", "evidence": "Living with long term conditions policy framework 26 April 2012 \"Living with Long Term Conditions \u2013 A Policy Framework\" has been developed to provide a strategic driver for the reform and modernisation of services for adults in Northern Ireland living with long term conditions irrespective of condition or care setting.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There are approximately 100 lorries per day crossing the border between Northern Ireland and Ireland, and cross-border trade represents 0.5% of UK-EU trade.", "evidence": "Trade across the Irish border [...] Trade across the Irish border is not simply each side selling goods to one another. A European Parliament paper notes how businesses which operate across the border \"often have highly interconnected supply chains covering the island of Ireland and often involving movements across the border throughout the manufacturing process\". [...] \"When considering cross-border trade, it is particularly important to note the integrated nature of the agri-food sector. Food, beverages and tobacco account for 49 per cent of crossborder manufacturing trade, with, for example, more than 10,000 pigs exported from Ireland to Northern Ireland every week and a quarter of all milk produced on Northern Ireland\u2019s farms exported for processing in Ireland.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There are approximately 100 lorries per day crossing the border between Northern Ireland and Ireland, and cross-border trade represents 0.5% of UK-EU trade.", "evidence": "This claim is inaccurate. There are 5,900 lorry (heavy goods vehicle) crossings daily. Cross-border trade represents 0.97% of UK-EU trade; alternative figures may be due to different measurement practices between countries.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There are approximately 100 lorries per day crossing the border between Northern Ireland and Ireland, and cross-border trade represents 0.5% of UK-EU trade.", "evidence": "The Northern Ireland Affairs Committee report on the land border between Northern Ireland and Ireland describes how this regime allows goods to107 pass across the border currently and the possible effects of the UK leaving the Single Market: [...] 111.The trade in live cattle and sheep, and beef and lamb across the Northern Ireland/Republic of Ireland border takes place on a daily basis, with approximately 390,000 live lambs crossing the border annually. The Livestock and Meat Commission for Northern Ireland 267 Northern Irish Affairs Select Committee, 2nd Report \u2013 The land border between Northern Ireland and Ireland, HC 329, 16 March 2018, para 43 268 Institute for Government, \u2018The Irish border after Brexit\u2019, Tim Durrant & Alex Stojanovic, June 2018 told us that the Northern Ireland sheep industry was particularly exposed to the effects of more complicated border arrangements, with approximately 45% of all lambs born in Northern Ireland exported to the Republic of Ireland each year. In 2016, the value of this live trade was approximately \u00a331.5 million. 112.The dairy industries in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland act as one through the supply chain, and dairy products cross the border several times between the farm gate and the consumer. Republic of Ireland dairy co-operatives own approximately 60% of the processing capacity in Northern Ireland. Exports to the Republic of Ireland were approximately 15% of total sales of the Northern Ireland dairy industry in 2015.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues.", "evidence": "THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (CJEC) The Court of Justice comprises as many judges as there are Member States. The number of Advocates-General remains the same (eight), but the Council may at any time decide unanimously to increase their number. [...] The Court of Justice, as the supreme judicial institution of the Union, retains competence for other judicial actions on fundamental questions for the Community order and carries out this mission by way of questions referred by the national jurisdictions for a preliminary ruling. However, the Treaty provides that the Statute may empower the Court of First Instance with preliminary competence in certain areas.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Three-quarters of non-voters in Northern Ireland are pro-Union.", "evidence": "Almost a fifth of voters in Northern Ireland, including nearly a third of voters from a Protestant background, say they would find a vote in favour of a united Ireland \"almost impossible to accept\", according to an Ipsos opinion poll. [...] In Northern Ireland, just under half (47 per cent) of all voters said they would \"happily accept\" a vote in favour of unity. A further 26 per cent said that they \"would not be happy but could live it\", but 18 per cent of all voters \u2014 which includes 32 per cent of voters from a Protestant background, and 14 per cent of voters from a non-Catholic and non-Protestant background \u2014 said they would find this result \"almost impossible to accept\". Acceptance of a pro-union result was much higher. Almost three-quarters of voters (73 per cent) in the North said they would \"happily accept\" this outcome, with 19 per cent reluctantly accepting it and just 2 per cent who said they would find it \"almost impossible to accept\".", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Three-quarters of non-voters in Northern Ireland are pro-Union.", "evidence": "General Election: The Northern Ireland non-voters who could transform electoral landscape [...] Thousands of non-voters in Northern Ireland and those not registered to vote could potentially transform the political landscape of Northern Ireland, if they took part in elections. New analysis has revealed the extent of non-voters across Northern Ireland - with all but one of the 18 constituencies having more people registered to vote that don\u2019t take part than the number of people that elect the winning politician.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "UK passports are produced by non-UK companies.", "evidence": "Ironic or 'iconic': Post-Brexit UK passports made in EU February 22, 2020The UK will roll out new \"iconic\" blue passports for a post-Brexit Britain in March \u2014 but they will be produced in Poland by a French-Dutch company. The announcement that the company Gemalto had won the contract to produce the passports caused controversy in 2018. The UK government said the final stages of manufacturing will take place in the UK to \"ensure no personal data leaves the country.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "UK passports are produced by non-UK companies.", "evidence": "The new UK passport to be issued after Brexit will be made in France, the current British manufacturer has said. [...] Gemalto, which has its headquarters in Paris and has a factory in Fareham, said it was aware of the reports regarding the contract to produce the new UK passport. [...] A spokeswoman for the Home Office said: \"The chosen company demonstrated that they will be best able to meet the needs of our passport service with a high quality and secure product at the best value for money for our customers and the taxpayer.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "There were 84 children adopted in Northern Ireland in 2018.", "evidence": "The Department of Health has today published the \u2018Children Adopted from Care in Northern Ireland 2017/18\u2019. This bulletin details statistical information relating to children adopted from care during the year ending 31 March 2018. The tables within the bulletin present a range of information about these children and their adopters, including durations between different stages in the adoption process. The bulletin is based on the DoH statistical return AD1 2017/18, which was collected from each of the five Health and Social Care Trusts. Key Findings - Eighty\u2013four children were adopted fro care in Northern Ireland during the year ending 31 March 2018 ;", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There were 84 children adopted in Northern Ireland in 2018.", "evidence": "Children Adopted from Care in Northern Ireland 2018/19 This annual publication details statistical information on children adopted from care in Northern Ireland This annual publication details statistical information on children adopted from care in Northern Ireland during the last financial year. A range of information is available about these children and their adopters as well as the duration between the various stages of the adoption process.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Wearing face masks can cause harmful levels of reduced oxygen.", "evidence": "Another viral meme featuring three people wearing masks while walking on a beach says face mask wearing \"reduces oxygen up to 60%\" and \"increases risk of CO2 poisoning.\" [...] One Facebook post claimed \"wearing a mask for an 8 hour shift can reduce your oxygen intake level to a 93 if you have healthy lungs ... it is not healthy to have your oxygen level at that.\" The post did not specify which type of mask it was referencing. [...] There is no evidence to support that the general public \u2014 which doesn't typically wear masks for prolonged periods of time \u2014 will experience significant reductions in oxygen intake level, resulting in hypoxemia. While CO2 can build up in face masks, it is unlikely that wearing a mask will cause hypercapnia, according to the CDC", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK.", "evidence": "ONS survey suggests NI disposable incomes lowest in UK - Published People in Northern Ireland typically have the lowest disposal incomes of any part of the UK, according to figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS). [...] Northern Ireland's disposable income gap with the rest of the UK narrowed during the boom years, but has steadily widened since 2007.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK.", "evidence": "NI population has lowest disposable income in UK - Published People in Northern Ireland have, on average, the lowest disposable incomes of any UK region, figures from the Office for National Statistics suggest. [...] That gives the west and south of Northern Ireland the sixth lowest disposable income per head across all UK sub regions.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK.", "evidence": "Households below average income in Northern Ireland, 2013 to 2014 Information on the standard of living in Northern Ireland, focusing on lower income families, by disposable income This report is the twelfth in the Northern Ireland Households Below Average Income Series and principally gives information on the income distribution in Northern Ireland for the period April 2012 to March 2013 using cross sectional data from the Department for Social Development\u2019s Family Resources Survey", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "There are only DUP members (who are/were members of a Northern Ireland political party) in the House of Lords", "evidence": "Enter, once again, the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP): the conservative Northern Irish loyalists who have so often been a thorn in the side of government plans since their entry into a confidence-and-supply arrangement with the Tories in 2017. [...] Founded by the late Ian Paisley in 1971, at the height of the Northern Ireland Troubles, and now led by Arlene Foster, the DUP is the largest party in the Northern Ireland Assembly and is currently the fifth-largest party in the Commons - with ten MPs. [...] Its 2017 manifesto also included retaining the \"triple lock\" on pensions, cutting VAT for tourism businesses, abolishing air passenger duty and reviewing the price of ferries between Northern Ireland and Great Britain.The DUP was also the only major political group in Northern Ireland to oppose the Good Friday Agreement \u2013 before finally entering into a power-sharing government in 2007.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There are only DUP members (who are/were members of a Northern Ireland political party) in the House of Lords", "evidence": "The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) is a unionist, loyalist, British nationalist[4][7] and national conservative political party in Northern Ireland. It was founded in 1971 during the Troubles by Ian Paisley, who led the party for the next 37 years. It is currently led by Gavin Robinson, who initially stepped in as an interim after the resignation of Jeffrey Donaldson. It is the second-largest party in the Northern Ireland Assembly, and won five seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom at the 2024 election. The party has been mostly described as right-wing[8][9][10][5] and socially conservative,[11][12] being anti-abortion and opposing same-sex marriage. The DUP sees itself as defending Britishness and Ulster Protestant culture against Irish nationalism and republicanism. It is also Eurosceptic and supported Brexit.[13][14] [...] On 11 April 2006, it was announced that three DUP members were to be elevated to the House of Lords: Maurice Morrow, Wallace Browne, the former Lord Mayor of Belfast, and Eileen Paisley, a vice-president of the DUP and wife of DUP Leader Ian Paisley. None, however, sit as DUP peers. [...] Election results [edit]General election results [edit]Northern Ireland Assembly election results [edit]See also [edit]- List of Democratic Unionist Party MPs - List of Northern Ireland Members of the House of Lords - British Isles fixed sea link connections - Democratic Unionist Party scandals", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Renters and owner-occupiers may have to pay their rates in full, while landlords can get a 10% allowance off their own rates bills. Since 1996, the private rental sector has grown significantly \u2013 from negligible size to around 13% of homes today, a similar proportion to the Housing Executive and all housing associations combined.", "evidence": "Tenants can receive full or partial Housing Benefit Rate Relief to help pay their rates. The Housing Executive can pay this directly to: [...] Tenants in private rented housing can receive full or partial Rate Rebate to help pay their rates. LPS credits a tenant's Rate Rebate to the rate account of the property where they live. [...] - owns one or more properties rented to tenants - signs an agreement to pay rates on all their rented properties - pays the discounted rate amount in full by the due date - application form and guides for Landlord Article 21 Rating (10 per cent) Allowance (AA10)", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Renters and owner-occupiers may have to pay their rates in full, while landlords can get a 10% allowance off their own rates bills. Since 1996, the private rental sector has grown significantly \u2013 from negligible size to around 13% of homes today, a similar proportion to the Housing Executive and all housing associations combined.", "evidence": "Rates in private tenancies [...] Discounts on rates bills for landlords You can get a 10% discount if you pay the rates bill for all your properties by 30 September each year.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Only the Irish language is banned in courts in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "The Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022 (c. 45) is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom providing \"official recognition of the status of the Irish language\" in Northern Ireland, with Ulster Scots being an officially recognised minority language. [...] - repeal a 1737 ban on the use of Irish in Northern Ireland's courts;[20] [...] - ^ \"The role of the Irish language in Northern Ireland's deadlock\". The Economist. 12 April 2017. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Only the Irish language is banned in courts in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "NI: Ban on Irish language in courts to be challenged Northern Ireland\u2019s Finance Minister M\u00e1irt\u00edn \u00d3 Muilleoir has announced plans to challenge laws preventing the use of the Irish language in Northern Ireland courts. [...] Under the provisions of the Act, court proceedings in Northern Ireland must be carried out in English.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "82% of the public are now wearing face masks [or coverings] on Translink buses and trains in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "Translink\u2019s statistics indicate that over 80% of passengers were wearing face coverings on its services at the end of July. At a press conference on 6 August 2020, Northern Ireland First Minister, Arlene Foster MLA, claimed (starts 54:52) \"82% of the public are now wearing masks on Translink buses and trains.\" [...] - An earlier response from the Translink freedom of information team explained that 30-31 July surveys on rail and bus services \"found the number using face coverings was over 80%, showing an increasing trend\"; and - Translink informed FactCheckNI that the evidence for \"an increasing trend\" came from two previous surveys.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "The DOJ and NIO joint fund an \u00a38 million a year Programme for Tackling Paramilitary Activity and Organised Crime that funds engagement directly with paramilitary organisations, such as the UVF, UFF, RHC, and UDA.", "evidence": "Meanwhile, Stormont\u2019s \u2018interim\u2019 Tackling Paramilitary Activity, Criminality and Organised Crime review, published last year, referenced how \"almost \u00a318m (went) directly to community and voluntary sector partners to help build community capacity and deliver area-based interventions\". [...] \"The \u2018tackling paramilitary activity\u2019 programme is an Northern Ireland Executive-led programme. [...] Meanwhile, the DoJ, responsible for the allocation of the \u00a350m funding block, told The Detail its tackling paramilitarism programme \"aims to stop paramilitary exploitation of individuals and communities\" by addressing \"gaps in support\".", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The DOJ and NIO joint fund an \u00a38 million a year Programme for Tackling Paramilitary Activity and Organised Crime that funds engagement directly with paramilitary organisations, such as the UVF, UFF, RHC, and UDA.", "evidence": "The cross-department Executive Programme for Tackling Paramilitary Activity and Organised Crime receives funds from the Northern Ireland Executive, and is not jointly funded by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Northern Ireland Office (NIO). To date, there is no evidence of funds being provided for engagement directly with paramilitary organisations by the programme. [...] \"\u2026remember, the Government in Northern Ireland \u2013 the Executive \u2013 is engaged in [the] Tackling Paramilitaries Programme, where the DOJ [Department of Justice] \u2014 Miss Long\u2019s [Minister of Justice, Naomi Long] department \u2014 and the NIO joint fund \u00a38 million a year to engagement directly with paramilitary organisations, not with LCC, but directly with the UVF, the UFF, Red Hand Commando, and others, UDA and others, and they direct engage with them \u2026\" [...] To date, there is no evidence of funds being spent on \"engagement directly with paramilitary organisations\" by the Programme for Tackling Paramilitary Activity and Organised Crime as claimed by Mr Paisley.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Arlene Foster, the leader of the Democratic Unionist Party, said that the party delivered \u201can extra billion pounds\u201d for Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "On 31 July 2019, Arlene Foster \u2014 the leader of Northern Ireland\u2019s Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) \u2014 said that her party will not apologise for \"delivering an extra billion pounds\" for Northern Ireland. She added: \"Not any other party that has stood before you today has delivered one penny of money for the people of Northern Ireland. We have delivered that through our confidence and supply agreement \u2026\" [...] The official UK Government statement explains that the \u00a31 billion is additional to \u00a32.5 billion of financial support and flexibility provided to the Northern Ireland Executive, by way of the Stormont House Agreement (23 December 2014) and Fresh Start Agreement (17 November 2015). The agreed \u00a31 billion funding falls outside the consideration of the Barnett Formula; the funding is specific to the jurisdiction of Northern Ireland. [...] The DUP agreed to support the Government on all key votes and the Government agreed to provide the Northern Ireland Executive with additional financial support: \u00a31 billion over five years. The Confidence and Supply Agreement contained details of the agreed areas of expenditure: infrastructure development, health service transformation, broadband development, immediate pressures in health and education, pockets of severe deprivation, and mental health.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Arlene Foster, the leader of the Democratic Unionist Party, said that the party delivered \u201can extra billion pounds\u201d for Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "Arlene Foster: Profile of the Democratic Unionist Party leader - Published Arlene Foster, leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), could be about to become the second most important person in British politics. [...] She became leader of the Democratic Unionist Party in December 2015 and, the following month, she was appointed first minister of Northern Ireland.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Arlene Foster, the leader of the Democratic Unionist Party, said that the party delivered \u201can extra billion pounds\u201d for Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "There will be \u00a31bn extra for Northern Ireland over the next two years. [...] There will be \u00a31.5bn in funding - consisting of \u00a31bn of new money and \u00a3500m of previously announced funds - to be spent over the next two years on infrastructure, health and education in Northern Ireland, money Mrs Foster said was needed to address the challenges from Northern Ireland's \"unique history\". [...] Welcoming the additional funding for Northern Ireland, she said it would benefit all communities. \"Following our discussions the Conservative Party has recognised the case for higher funding in Northern Ireland, given our unique history and indeed circumstances over recent decades.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "MLAs were paid \u201cnearly \u00a32.2 million\u201d in salaries up to 3rd September 2017.", "evidence": "the First and deputy First Ministers the Speaker and Deputy Speakers the members of the Assembly Commission", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "MLAs were paid \u201cnearly \u00a32.2 million\u201d in salaries up to 3rd September 2017.", "evidence": "Northern Ireland's MLAs are set to get a \u00a31,000 pay rise as an Independent Financial Review Panel announced radical changes to salaries, expenses and pensions. [...] MLA\u2019s salary shall increase by \u00a31,000 to \u00a349,000 and by \u00a3500 each April if inflation (CPI for previous September) is greater than 1%. [...] \"Our decisions set the rates for salaries, pensions and expenses to support each MLA and their work for the next five years. The panel expects that these decisions will amount to savings of between \u00a31.5 million and \u00a32.0 million in the Assembly\u2019s budget over the next five years.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Almost half of criminals released from prison in Northern Ireland went on to re-offend within 12 months of being freed.", "evidence": "Probation trusts are responsible for overseeing offenders released from prison on licence and those on community sentences made by judges and magistrates in the courts. If you are sentenced to under 12 months you are usually releases after 6 month months and the rest of your sentence is \"on license\". Your licence will impose certain restrictions on what you can do. The probation service do now get involved with you ( one of the new requirements of the changes in the service which are currently in hand), but what their input will be is unclear at present. [...] Probation prepares pre-sentence reports for judges and magistrates in the courts to enable them to choose the most appropriate sentence. Probation also works with victims of crimes where the offender has committed a sexual or violent offence and has been given a prison sentence of 12 months or longer. [...] These offenders are not free to come and go as they please. They have to follow strict rules and there is a curfew. This is usually from 11 pm to 7 am. Staff keep a close watch on residents and rooms are checked hourly throughout the night. Staff have direct contact with the Police if needed. Probation staff will work closely with the residents and have the opportunity to influence positive change in them and prevent reoffending. Those people in hostels also have to meet the other requirements of their Community Order or Release Order. This could include them attending group work programmes or training projects.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "According to polling, most people planning to cast a first preference vote for the UUP in May\u2019s Assembly election will switch their vote to nationalists before they provide a transfer to other unionist parties.", "evidence": "Table 2 Nationalist Share of Vote (%), Assembly elections, 1998 \u2013 2016 [...] In summary, of the parties elected, the UUP received most transferred votes (25%), followed by the DUP (22%), Sinn F\u00e9in (14%), SDLP (13%), Alliance (11%), Green Party (4%), TUV (3%) and People Before Profit Alliance (1%). [...] In contrast, Alliance, UUP, and the SDLP received the lion\u2019s share of transfers from other parties (71%, 76% and 79% respectively). The DUP received 59% of its transfers from other parties.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "According to polling, most people planning to cast a first preference vote for the UUP in May\u2019s Assembly election will switch their vote to nationalists before they provide a transfer to other unionist parties.", "evidence": "Our second big question is whether Protestant and Catholic voters in 2016 had distinctive preferences. Table 5 shows that distinctiveness in respect of first preferences. The three panels in this table correspond to the three major party \u2018blocs\u2019 that dominate Northern Irish politics: unionists in the top panel, nationalists in the bottom panel, and \u2018others\u2019 in the middle. As the first column shows, Protestants continue overwhelmingly to give first preferences to unionist parties, with only 2 per cent giving first preferences to nationalist parties. This is reciprocated on the Catholic side, where support for the two main nationalist parties is equally overwhelming, with only 4 per cent giving a first preference to one of the unionist parties. About a fifth of both Catholics and Protestants give their first preference to the political centre^. [...] At the surface level of first preference voting, Protestants continue overwhelmingly to support unionist parties, with only 2 per cent giving first preferences to nationalist parties. This is mirrored on the Catholic side, with only 4 per cent giving a first preference to one of the unionist parties. [...] The 2016 Assembly election in Northern Ireland offers, then, further evidence of the highly polarised structuring of party support in that deeply divided region. Protestant and Catholic voters tend not just to give their first preference votes to nationalist and unionist parties respectively (with some exceptions just mentioned); they also tend to continue these preferences within their own political bloc rather than transferring to the rival bloc.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "According to polling, most people planning to cast a first preference vote for the UUP in May\u2019s Assembly election will switch their vote to nationalists before they provide a transfer to other unionist parties.", "evidence": "The UUP secured 10 seats, losing 6 seats despite largely keeping its vote share the same, while the SDLP retained all of its 12 seats. This now means that the combined seat share of Unionist parties (38 seats) is smaller than that of nationalist parties (39 seats). Meanwhile the Alliance Party, which attempts to sit outside the unionist/nationalist divide, fared well, retaining its 8 seats and increasing its vote share. Significantly, almost 70 per cent of voters supported a party that endorsed \u2018remain\u2019 in the Brexit referendum, perhaps signalling a coming headache for Theresa May. [...] This is not to say that voters in Northern Ireland are free-floating and untethered from any ethno-nationalist cleavage (typically, over 90 per cent of Catholics vote for nationalist parties and even more Protestants vote for unionist parties). But today\u2019s Northern Irish voters (especially younger ones) think in terms of capability and competence to promote prosperity and welfare. From this perspective, it appears that the Assembly election was more about bedding-down better functioning Northern Irish institutions than moving closer to all-Ireland ones. [...] The gap between moderate unionism and Sinn F\u00e9in still remains vast, and securing this community\u2019s consent will be necessary to move closer to a united Ireland. Indeed, Mike Nesbitt, the leader of the UUP who resigned in the wake of his party\u2019s poor performance, declared he would transfer his vote to the SDLP. This was too radical for many unionist supporters who rounded on him for transferring to any nationalist party, even one without the radical legacy of Sinn F\u00e9in.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "More than 700,000 people born in Northern Ireland have an Irish passport.", "evidence": "On the 29 January 2020, BBC Newsline made the following claim in an item discussing whether having an Irish passport would be an advantage after Brexit: \"More than 700,000 people born in Northern Ireland now have an Irish passport.\" Less than a minute later in the item: \"Almost half of people born in Northern Ireland now have an Irish passport (overlay graphic: \"700,000\").\" [...] The figure of 831,779 Irish passport applications confirms the claim that more than 700,000 people born in Northern Ireland have an Irish passport. [...] The original claim stated \"more than 700,000 people born in Northern Ireland have an Irish passport\". This claim is substantiated by figures from the DFA.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The DUP at no point has ever agreed to establish an Irish Language Act with the UK government, with the Irish government, with Sinn F\u00e9in or anybody else.", "evidence": "DUP will never agree to Irish language act, says Foster - Published The DUP will never agree to an Irish language act, its leader has said. [...] The introduction of an Irish language act is a key demand of Sinn F\u00e9in going into the assembly election.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "There is strong evidence that in 2022, delays in Northern Ireland\u2019s emergency departments led to the premature deaths of 1,434 people.", "evidence": "Research shows that longer waits in A&E lead to more patient deaths in the 30 days after that hospital visit. By combining those research findings with NI\u2019s waiting time figures, it is possible to make some estimates about the number of additional deaths resulting from longer waits. FactCheckNI\u2019s own calculations led to similar results as those published by the Royal College of Emergency Medicine.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "No one in Mid Ulster speaks Irish as their first language.", "evidence": "Although Scots dominated in much of County Down, there were also Yorkshiremen in North Down (Braidwood, 1964:14); people from Devon, Cheshire, and Lancashire settled in the northwest of the county and along the River Lagan (Braidwood, 1964:20), where we find Moira, another of our locations. Bordering on this area, in South Antrim, two of the biggest Plantation landlords, Lord Lieutenant (or Viceroy) Sir Arthur Chichester and Moses Hill, also introduced settlers from Devon, Cheshire, and Lancashire (Braidwood, 1964:11\u201312, 14). Moira, located midway between the towns of Lisburn and Lurgan, was settled by the English (Braidwood, 1964:21). The Englishness of this part of Ulster was still praised in the late eighteenth century, when Lurgan was known as \"Little England,\" according to one traveller (Luckombe, 1780). And of Lisburn, Hume (1878:8\u20139) commented that \"Until the end of the last century there was a tradition in Ulster that pure English was spoken in the neighbourhood of Lisburn.\" In the 1830s, Moira was mixed in religion, though local school registers indicate a predominance of Anglicans, a sign of Englishness (Day & McWilliams, 1992a:119\u2013120). The dialect was, therefore, probably Mid-Ulster English.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "No one in Mid Ulster speaks Irish as their first language.", "evidence": "The form of Irish spoken in Ulster these days is essentially Donegal Irish, nuanced by the local, predominantly Belfast accent. [...] It\u2019s a different proposition when Ulster Irish is spoken, becoming as understandable to some ears as Swahili. That said, there are differences between Ulster Irish and the rest. Take the different forms for the simple phrase, \"How are you?\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "No one in Mid Ulster speaks Irish as their first language.", "evidence": "91.85% of Mid Ulster residents indicated English was their main language \u2013 the lowest figure in Northern Ireland. [...] Irish (0.47% - 682) saw the fifth highest figure for main language in Mid Ulster, behind Tetun \u2013 the language of East Timor \u2013 at 0-.84% (1,210). [...] The number of those in Mid Ulster who indicated they had 'some ability' in Irish rose by 28% to 29,398, while the figure with 'some ability' in Ulster Scots rose by 66% to 13,494.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The NI Executive\u2019s commitment to provide financial support for new football, GAA and rugby stadiums involved an equal split between sports.", "evidence": "Sport NI announced today further financial support through the Sports Sustainability Fund Programme to the sporting sector; bringing a total investment of \u00a322.4 million through this specific fund. The Sports Sustainability Fund is a critical support to sport at this time and Sport NI is pleased to make a further announcement of much needed financial support to the sports of: Gaelic Games; Rugby; Golf; Cricket; Hockey; Sailing; and Angling, among others, which will sustain over 230 clubs. (Details of awards are available: Sports Sustainability Fund Awards List | Sport NI) [...] Antoinette McKeown, Sport NI CEO, continued \"I would like to pay tribute to sports Governing Bodies and Sport NI team for their dedication and commitment to coordinate the delivery of the Sports Sustainability Fund and other various programmes, in partnership with the Department for Communities\".", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The NI Executive\u2019s commitment to provide financial support for new football, GAA and rugby stadiums involved an equal split between sports.", "evidence": "Northern Ireland stadiums funding ready to go but needs executive sign-off, says Minister Hargey - Published [...] The executive committed \u00a336m to the development of local football stadiums in Northern Ireland in 2015. [...] \"It is a project the GAA community has waited too long for and that it fully deserves. We note with interest the finance minister's comments and, given that both sub regional and Casement Park are part of the same executive commitment, we expect that his confirmation of funding extends to the sub regional programme too,\" said IFA chief executive Patrick Nelson.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The NI Executive\u2019s commitment to provide financial support for new football, GAA and rugby stadiums involved an equal split between sports.", "evidence": "Following the collapse of plans to build a single national stadium on the site of the former Maze/Long Kesh prison, the NI Executive agreed to support redevelopment of stadiums for football, GAA and rugby, individually. This was never agreed as a financial \u201cequal split\u201d between three sports or three sporting associations. From the start, estimated costs for development varied significantly. It is worth noting that the projected spend for redeveloping Casement Park is now much higher than when the allocation was first agreed.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Lagan Valley is one of the least wooded areas in Northern Ireland, particularly with regards to ancient woodland.", "evidence": "The Lagan Valley (Irish: Cluain an Lag\u00e1in, Ulster Scots: Glen Lagan) is an area of Northern Ireland between Belfast and Lisburn. The Lagan is a famous river that flows into Belfast Lough. For a section, the river forms part of the border between the counties of Antrim and Down. It has a number of interesting features including a towpath which runs alongside the River Lagan. The towpath is popular with walkers, runners, cyclists, dog owners etc. It is a very scenic and peaceful area and is ideal for walking, cycling etc. The towpath begins in the Stranmillis area of south Belfast and runs all the way to Lisburn. The cycle route forms part of National Cycle Route 9. There are a number of \"off route\" mountain bike trails along the towpath. Lagan Valley is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The AONB was established in 1965 and the greater part of it lies within the Greater Belfast area. [...] Belvoir Park Forest Education Centre", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Only 3 out of 12 regions are net contributors to the UK Treasury.", "evidence": "The wealth of regions \u2013 measuring the UK\u2019s tax and spending imbalance Experimental statistics from ONS have suggested that in 2016 only three UK regions generated more in taxes than they receive in public spending. The data have caused a stir in the media with headlines proclaiming that London and its surrounding regions are effectively \u2018subsidising\u2019 the rest. Jonathan Athow explains how the figures were calculated and how ONS is looking to develop and improve them. On 23 May, ONS published some new statistics breaking down the public finances statistics for the different countries and regions of the UK. This allocated public sector revenue and expenditure to each country and region, allowing us to see how spending levels and tax receipts vary across the UK. This analysis included an estimate of the \u2018net fiscal balance\u2019 for each country and region. That provided an estimate for which parts of the UK contribute more to public sector revenues (mostly taxes) than they receive in public spending or vice versa. The issues of taxation and expenditure are important in the context of ongoing discussions about devolution and relative economic performance.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Only 3 out of 12 regions are net contributors to the UK Treasury.", "evidence": "We\u2019ve been getting a lot of questions asking how much the UK and Wales contributes to the EU budget and how much it gets back by way of different funding. Is it possible to work out accurately the net cost of EU membership to the UK and Wales? There are different methodologies used at EU level and by the UK Treasury to calculate how much the UK Government pays into and how much it receives from the EU. Whichever methodology is used the UK is a net contributor to the EU Budget (i.e. pays in more to the EU than it receives back). However, the European Commission figures (presented in euros) show a lower net contribution by the UK than the Treasury figures (which are presented in pounds sterling) as we\u2019ll see below. [...] A UK Treasury Report published in December 2015 puts the total UK net contribution to the EU Budget at \u00a39.785 billion (POUNDS) in 2014, including the adjustment for the UK rebate. The Treasury\u2019s Report explains the differences as follows (Paragraph 3.9):", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Central arts funding per capita in Northern Ireland is \u00a34.72 per year, compared with \u00a322.50 per person, per year in Ireland.", "evidence": "The value of the Arts - The Arts deliver big returns for our economy and for our society - The Arts currently receive just 0.1% of the Northern Ireland budget. It makes no sense to make further cuts to a sector which generates such a high rate of return on its investment - Cuts to the Arts budget will result in the contraction of frontline services and reduction of education and outreach programmes - The Arts bring people and communities together and make our lives richer. We saw this in action during Derry~Londonderry\u2019s transformation into UK City of Culture 2013 - Public investment is the key to building confidence and leveraging additional funding from sponsors and private investors - The creative sector is one of the fastest growing in the economy, creating economic growth and jobs - The Arts support the work of many government partners, helping them to achieve their objectives in regeneration, reconciliation, tourism, creative industries, education and health - The Arts distinguish us from other places, make the world talk about us for all the right reasons and raise our global profile as a progressive place that\u2019s ready to compete and do business", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Central arts funding per capita in Northern Ireland is \u00a34.72 per year, compared with \u00a322.50 per person, per year in Ireland.", "evidence": "Unlike the other three UK nations, Arts Council Northern Ireland (ACNI) does not have a national portfolio. Instead, it administers an Annual Funding Programme (AFP) which includes \"all the larger scale venues and organisations that are key to the arts infrastructure in Northern Ireland\", according to an ANCI spokesperson. Grants are allocated to organisations in all artforms and practices for both their core and programming costs. Again unlike the other arts councils, organisations in Northern Ireland have to reapply to be part of the programme each year. [...] The latest round of funding was announced in July this year and awarded 95 organisations just over \u00a313m in total in what it termed \"standstill funding\". At the time of its annoucement, ACNI Chair Liam Hannaway acknowledged that arts funding in Northern Ireland \"now sits at an all time low\". With obvious frustration, he also said: \"Despite fulfilling almost identical functions, investment in the Arts in NI sits at only \u00a35.44 per capita, based on 2022/23 budget figures. This contrasts sharply with Wales at \u00a310.35 and the Republic of Ireland at \u00a325.90 per capita. A reinvestment in the arts is needed to regenerate a sector which struggles year on year to make ends meet.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage.", "evidence": "This claim is accurate. This claim can be substantiated by numerous government surveys and reports. There has been further investigation by organisations in the United Kingdom to determine who is most affected, the causes behind non-compliance, and solutions for the problem.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Over 95% of people living in south Belfast own their own home.", "evidence": "The chair of the Landlords Association for Northern Ireland (LANI), Robert Greer, claimed during an interview on BBC Radio Ulster\u2019s Good Morning Ulster (24/9/2020, starts 1:52:08, and Greer\u2019s claim at 1:58:00) that \"aside from the Roma community, about 95 or 98 per cent of all households [in the Holylands] are HMOs.\" [...] Note that according to Housing Advice Northern Ireland, social housing properties are not considered to be HMOs: \"A property will not be a HMO if \u2026 it is managed by the Housing Executive or a housing association.\" The South Belfast Partnership, in its January 2020 study, Holyland Transition, indicated that in 2011, 17.5% of housing in South Belfast (defining South Belfast as Ballynafeigh, Blackstaff, Botanic, Finaghy, Malone, Musgrave, Rosetta, Shaftesbury, Stranmillis, Upper Malone and Windsor) is made up of social housing, reflecting the presence of Choice Housing, Oaklee Housing, Clanmill, and others. [...] Source: HMO Subject Plan for Belfast City Council Area 2015, Map No. 3\u2014South Belfast (East).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Over 95% of people living in south Belfast own their own home.", "evidence": "More than half of households in Northern Ireland (53%) own a dishwasher, the joint highest proportion in the UK.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Over 95% of people living in south Belfast own their own home.", "evidence": "This claim is inaccurate. The 2011 Census shows that the Belfast South constituency recorded 56.1% of homes being owned outright or owned with a mortgage or loan. On 4 December 2019, Emma Little-Pengelly, a DUP candidate in the General Election for the constituency of Belfast South, stated in a tweet that \"over 95%\" of people who live in South Belfast own their own home: [...] In response to a tweet challenging that the MP was assuming that south Belfast residents \"all own their own homes\", Little-Pengelly quickly replied and made that claim that \"95% do [own their own home]\".", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The SDLP manifesto for the 2022 Assembly election claims: \u201cThe \u00a320 Universal Credit cut marked the largest overnight welfare cut since World War II.\u201d", "evidence": "In the lead up to the 2022 Assembly election, party leader Colum Eastwood played down the partnership stating, \"The SDLP stands on its own two feet.\"[72] This led people to commentate that the partnership is no longer active, with comments from as early as 2020 determining that it had been \"quietly forgotten\".[73][74][75] The partnership officially ended on 28 September 2022.[76] [...] In the 2022 Assembly election, the SDLP slipped to the 5th largest party with only eight seats in the Assembly.[107] [...] - ^ \"SDLP launches 'Give it Back' campaign to retain \u00a320 Universal Credit uplift\". Social Democratic and Labour Party. Retrieved 22 December 2021.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "If 45 members of the Northern Ireland Assembly vote to revoke the Northern Ireland Protocol, then the Protocol goes.", "evidence": "The Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland shall apply as from the end of the transition period, with the exception of the following provisions of that Protocol, which shall apply as from the entry into force of this Agreement: [...] PROTOCOL ON IRELAND/NORTHERN IRELAND [...] RECALLING that this Protocol is to be implemented in accordance with the respective constitutional orders of the Kingdom of Spain and of the United Kingdom,", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Two decades ago, around 26,000 people were waiting for social housing. Now that figure is over 45,000", "evidence": "Official data for the past two quarters shows that over 45,000 applicants are on Northern Ireland\u2019s social housing waiting list. Annual figures for 2002-03 say that 26,248 people were waiting at that time. Stats for the last two decades indicate a general trend of growing waiting lists.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Two decades ago, around 26,000 people were waiting for social housing. Now that figure is over 45,000", "evidence": "The chronic shortage of social housing in London means that in multiple boroughs, there are over 10,000 people waiting for suitable accommodation. The boroughs with the largest waiting lists for social housing in 2022 were Lambeth (33,640 households), Newham (33,246) and Brent (25,218). From 1997 to 2022, the largest growth in the number of households on the social housing waiting list occurred in Newham in 2016, where the list of 17,453 households grew to 25,729 in 2017. Some boroughs witnessed significant drops in the numbers of households on the waiting list in particular years. For example, from 2015 to 2016, Camden\u2019s waiting list decreased from 24,644 to 2,930. However, this has not always been due to the allocation of more social housing, but the tightening of criteria needed to qualify, which vary by borough and so do not perfectly correlate with the number of people in need of a home.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland purchases from Great Britain are four times more valuable than those from Ireland.", "evidence": "This claim is accurate. In 2019, the ratio of the estimated total value of Northern Ireland purchases from Great Britain (\u00a313.4bn) to purchases from Ireland (\u00a33.0bn) was 4.5:1. The ratio has been similar since 2013. However, the figures may not tell the full story as they do not provide information on transport/shipping routes or the country of origin of any goods purchased. [...] One of the claims in the document is \"Northern Ireland purchases from Great Britain (\u00a313.4bn) are four times more valuable than of Ireland (\u00a33.0bn).\" [...] For 2019 purchases made by Northern Ireland companies, the value of purchases from Great Britain (\u00a313.4bn) is 4.5 times greater than the value of imported goods and services from Ireland (\u00a32.9bn); the claim is accurate. The ratio has been similar between these two markets since 2013.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland purchases from Great Britain are four times more valuable than those from Ireland.", "evidence": "whether goods purchased are final products or are intermediate goods to be used in a further production process; transport/shipping routes; the country of origin of any goods purchased.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Social media posts are circulating showing supermarket shelves that have been covered over or taped off to prevent customers purchasing certain items. Reference is made to this happening in Belfast and Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "Images of empty shelves, people fighting over toilet roll and long lines of people waiting to enter supermarkets have circulated on social media in recent days. Britain's leading food retailers met on Monday to work on contingency measures in the wake of the spike in demand. Shelves have been repeatedly emptied of nonperishable goods, leading the British Retail Consortium to publish an open letter. [...] So, the overwhelming message to consumers is: Don't panic. In these strange times we all suddenly find ourselves in, supermarkets have become more than places to buy food in. They are now beacons of normality in an increasingly surreal world. If consumers continue to behave normally in them, it ought to stay that way.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Food bank in Enniskillen now feeding 1 in 5 people in the town.", "evidence": "This claim is inaccurate. A formula by Trussell Trust results in 1,079 delivered food bank parcels representing an estimated 540 unique users. This would represent 9.8%, or 1 in 10, of the population of Enniskillen town.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Food bank in Enniskillen now feeding 1 in 5 people in the town.", "evidence": "Here is an introduction to our Foodbank. Our foodbank is part of the Trussell Trust Network and is a project founded by The Lakes Vineyard Church, but is supported by various local churches and community groups, working together towards stopping hunger in our local area. We currently have 4 distribution centres from where people in need can come to get emergency food parcels and signposting to other agencies who help in a variety of other ways. We currently work with nearly 50 other organisations who can assist with more than just food. We currently distribute food in Enniskillen, Irvinestown, Newtownbutler, and Belleek.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Food bank in Enniskillen now feeding 1 in 5 people in the town.", "evidence": "On 13 April 2019, the Fermanagh Herald ran an article detailing the experience of a food bank which services the town. The Enniskillen Foodbank manager, John Shades, stated that in 2018, the food bank supplied over 2,400 people with food parcels: \"It\u2019s disproportionate, but at the minute we are feeding 1 in 5 people in the town.\" He expanded on this with a statement that the population of the town was approximately 14,000. The Enniskillen Foodbank is a member of a UK network of 428 food banks that are supported by Trussell Trust. For 2017-18, the Trussell Trust stated that its food bank network \"distributed 1,332,952 three-day emergency food supplies to people in crisis, a 13% increase on the previous year\". The trust attributes the increase to the roll-out of the Universal Credit public policy. Although there is no data for Northern Ireland, the trust reported from its survey in Great Britain that many Universal Credit claimants had to come to food banks after long waits for payment and administrative problems pushed them into debt. [...] The figure of supplying 2,400 people with food parcels stated by the Enniskillen Foodbank manager does not match up with the figures Trussell Trust shared with FactCheckNI. Using the Trust\u2019s data, their estimate of two food parcels per claimant per year, and the average of 2.5 persons per household in Northern Ireland, we estimate that 1,350 people, or 9.8% (1 in 10) of the town population was helped. The claim is inaccurate.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ireland\u2019s two wealthiest people are worth more financially than the poorest 50% of the population.", "evidence": "\"Ireland\u2019s two richest people have more wealth \u2013 \u20ac15 billion \u2013 than half the Irish population who have \u20ac10.3 billion.\" [...] \"The two richest people in Ireland now have more wealth then [sic] the bottom 50% of the population combined.\" [...] Oxfams\u2019 calculations indicate that, at the relevant time, the two richest people in Ireland we worth around \u20ac15bn while the poorest 50% of the country held around \u20ac10.3bn.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Ireland\u2019s two wealthiest people are worth more financially than the poorest 50% of the population.", "evidence": "Ireland has the fifth-largest number of billionaires per capita in the world, according to an Oxfam report published ahead of the World Economic Forum conference in the Swiss resort of Davos this week. There are now 17 Irish billionaires \u2013 the vast majority of whom are men \u2013 but who exactly are they? [...] 5 Dermot Desmond: \u20ac2.02 billion (Down \u20ac40 million)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ireland\u2019s two wealthiest people are worth more financially than the poorest 50% of the population.", "evidence": "The two wealthiest people in Ireland have more wealth than the 50% of the population at the poorest end. Oxfam's annual wealth inequality report shows the top two wealthiest people here have a combined wealth of \u20ac15 billion. Oxfam Ireland is calling on the Irish government to bring in a wealth tax at \"graduated rates of 2%, 3% and 5% above a high threshold of \u20ac4.7 million\".", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Within the LGBT community, 25% have attempted suicide.", "evidence": "A new survey from the Williams Institute at UCLA School of Law and the Colombia Collaborative Project finds that the majority (72%) of LGBT Colombians surveyed report at least moderate psychological distress. Fifty-five percent reported having suicidal thoughts during their lifetime and one in four (25%) had attempted suicide at least once. [...] \"We recorded extremely high rates of suicidal ideation and attempt. Considering the levels of violence, victimization, and discrimination that LGBT respondents experienced, it is not surprising that respondents reported such high rates of suicidal ideation and attempts,\" said study co-author Jennifer Fl\u00f3rez-Donado. \"This research shows how critical it is to develop suicide prevention and violence treatment programs for LGBT people in the country.\" [...] - Three out of four LGBT respondents (75%) were bullied at least once before they turned 18 and 25% of LGBT respondents were fired from or denied a job in their lifetime.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "To provide free GP care in the Republic of Ireland, which already exists in NI as it is part of the UK, would cost the Dublin Exchequer an extra \u00a3880 million", "evidence": "Minister for Health Stephen Donnelly today announced the opening of applications for GP visit cards for up to 215,000 people who are newly eligible. This is the first of two phases which will provide free GP care to an estimated 430,000 people in Ireland on a means tested basis. It is part of the biggest expansion in eligibility for free GP care in the history of the State happening this year and covering up to 500,000 people. [...] The expansion of free GP care to close to 500,000 people this year is supported by the landmark agreement between the Department of Health, the HSE, and the Irish Medical Organisation (IMO) signed in early July 2023 which put in place a series of financial supports for GPs. On 8 August 2023, free GP care was expanded to 78,000 children aged 6 and 7. From today, free GP care is expanded to 215,000 people aged between 8 and 69 on a means tested basis. From 13 November 2023, it will be expanded to 215,000 more people on a means tested basis. [...] \"The expansion of the GP Visit Card scheme in 2023 is a significant milestone as we bring free GP care to close to 500,000 people this year. I am committed to ensuring affordable access for people in Ireland who are facing the toughest economic challenges. Removing the cost barrier to visiting their GP gives them better access to health care and supports their health and wellbeing.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "To provide free GP care in the Republic of Ireland, which already exists in NI as it is part of the UK, would cost the Dublin Exchequer an extra \u00a3880 million", "evidence": "Budgetary plans to expand the number of people entitled to free GP care will give rise to waiting lists to match those currently plaguing the hospital system, doctors have warned. Free GP care is being extended to more than 400,000 additional patients, starting with 70,000 six and seven year olds in the last quarter of this year, Minister for Public Expenditure Michael McGrath announced in Budget 2023. [...] \"General practice is not against providing free at the point-of-use care to patients and families who struggle but we know from the under-six\u2032s research that demand goes up by 25 per cent once it\u2019s free.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "To provide free GP care in the Republic of Ireland, which already exists in NI as it is part of the UK, would cost the Dublin Exchequer an extra \u00a3880 million", "evidence": "THE first phase of the widespread expansion of free GP services in Ireland has now gone live \u2013 meaning 215,000 more people are now eligible for cost-free care. [...] The expansion of free GP care in Ireland follows a landmark agreement between the Department of Health, the HSE, and the Irish Medical Organisation (IMO) signed in July 2023 which put in place a series of financial supports for GPs. [...] From November 13, 2023, the second phase of the expansion will see free GP care extended to 215,000 more people across the country on a means tested basis.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "By 29 September last year, at least 47 people in NI had died from \u201cvaccine injury\u201d.", "evidence": "- 23 June \u2013 Figures released by Nisra show one death has been linked to an allergic reaction to COVID vaccine in Northern Ireland. The death occurred in the first quarter of the year.[226] [...] - 30 September \u2013 - At 6pm, social distancing restrictions for shops, theatres and a number of other indoor settings come to an end in Northern Ireland. Instead some indoor venues are asked to voluntarily introduce rules such as proof of double vaccination or a negative lateral flow test.[342] [...] - ^ \"Covid-19: Vaccine reaction listed as underlying cause for one NI death\". BBC News. 23 June 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2021.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "By 29 September last year, at least 47 people in NI had died from \u201cvaccine injury\u201d.", "evidence": "Vaccines in Northern Ireland [...] To date 436,143 people in Northern Ireland have received a first dose of vaccine. [...] That figure of 436,143 means that about 23.3% of Northern Ireland's entire population has been vaccinated.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "By 29 September last year, at least 47 people in NI had died from \u201cvaccine injury\u201d.", "evidence": "This claim misrepresents data from the Yellow Card reporting system for suspected adverse reactions to Covid-19 vaccines", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The provision of full-time (equivalent) maternity pay in the UK is among the lowest in Europe.", "evidence": "UK maternity pay lowest in west Europe was Dkr4188 now Dkr1999 for your first year, equivalent to Dkr166.58 per month. Make up your own mind. Build robust opinions with the FT\u2019s trusted journalism. Take this offer before 24 October.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The provision of full-time (equivalent) maternity pay in the UK is among the lowest in Europe.", "evidence": "This claim is accurate. In an OECD report, the UK ranked 9th lowest of 33 European countries for \u201cfull-rate equivalent\u201d paid maternity leave. Including home care leave (childcare), the UK ranks 4th lowest in Europe.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19.", "evidence": "Explanation: Data shows that there have been no motorcyclists aged over 65 who have died as a result of a motorcycle collision in Northern Ireland, in the past three years.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19.", "evidence": "Data shows that there have been no motorcyclists of Sammy Wilson MP\u2019s age who have died as a result of a motorcycle collision in Northern Ireland, in the past three years. In 2020, there were 157 deaths registered related to COVID-19, of men aged 65\u201374. At the time of this claim, the probability of being infected by COVID-19 in Northern Ireland was an estimated 1 in 200 (now thought to be 1 in 60). [...] At my age \u2026 I\u2019m more in danger of being killed on a motorbike than I am of being affected by this virus. [...] For those motorcyclists in the 65\u201374 age band, such as Sammy Wilson MP, data shows that there have been no deaths by motorcycle in the past three years. However, for men his age in Northern Ireland, there were 157 COVID-19 related registered deaths, equating to a probability of 1 in 528.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19.", "evidence": "Data shows that there have been no motorcyclists of Sammy Wilson MP\u2019s age who have died as a result of a motorcycle collision in Northern Ireland, in the past three years. In 2020, there were 157 deaths registered related to COVID-19, of men aged 65\u201374. At the time of this claim, the probability of being infected by COVID-19 in Northern Ireland was an estimated 1 in 200 (now thought to be 1 in 60).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "40% of Unionists are happy about a potential trade border in the Irish Sea.", "evidence": "If, on the other hand, logistics make a sea border the more workable option, can it be put into effect without alienating the relatively working class and less-educated Protestants/unionists who voted for the UK to leave the EU but undoubtedly did not imagine they were voting for Northern Ireland to become distinct from the rest of the UK?", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "[The] average tenure of a PSNI Chief Constable is about the same as those in England and Wales", "evidence": "These anxieties were partly based on awareness of colleagues leaving policing prematurely. The average term for a CC has fallen by 1.2 years since the mid-1980s (NPCC, 2018, p. 34). HMICFRS (2019a, p. 60) described the trend, which was accelerated by the PRSRA, as \u2018marked and worrying\u2019. [...] National Police Chiefs\u2019 Council. ( 2018 ). Chief Constable Preparation, Selection, Tenure and Retirement in the \u2018New Policing Landscape\u2019. https://www.npcc.police.uk/2018%20FOI/Workforce/127%2018%20Lanscaping%20in%20Policing%20Report%20to%20publish%2027092018.pdf (accessed 06 August 2020). [...] The Chief Constables of England and Wales: The Socio-Legal History of a Criminal Justice Elite.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "[The] average tenure of a PSNI Chief Constable is about the same as those in England and Wales", "evidence": "Our research found that chief constables in those 15 forces remain in post for a mean average of 5.7 years. For forces in England and Wales specifically, the average tenure was 5.8 year. PSNI chief constables have stayed in their role for 5.2 years, on average. Based on those comparisons \u2013 with a gap in average tenure of under half a year \u2013 it\u2019s fair enough to say that \"the average tenure of a PSNI Chief Constable is about the same as those in England and Wales\". [...] The average tenure of a chief constable of the PSNI is 5.2 years: Hugh Orde (7.0 years), Matt Baggott (4.8), George Hamilton (5.0), Simon Byrne (4.2).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "[The] average tenure of a PSNI Chief Constable is about the same as those in England and Wales", "evidence": "Organisation [edit]The senior officer in charge of the PSNI is its chief constable. The chief constable is appointed by the Northern Ireland Policing Board, subject to the approval of the Minister of Justice for Northern Ireland. The Chief Constable of Northern Ireland is the third-highest paid police officer in the UK (after the Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police).[21] The current chief constable is Jon Boutcher, who was appointed on an interim basis after the resignation of Simon Bryne in September 2023 and successful in being officially confirmed as chief constable on 7 November 2023.[22] [...] Jurisdiction [edit]PSNI officers have full powers of a constable throughout Northern Ireland and the adjacent United Kingdom waters. Other than in mutual aid circumstances they have more limited powers of a constable in the other two legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom\u2014England and Wales, and Scotland. Police staff, although non-warranted members of the service, contribute to both back-office, operational support and front-line services, sometimes operating alongside warranted colleagues. [...] - ^ \"PSNI: Jon Boutcher picked as interim chief constable\". BBC News. 4 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland has the highest levels of child poverty in the UK.", "evidence": "The causes of poverty are complex and interlinked 2.5 Poverty rarely has a single cause but is a consequence of a range of factors including rising living costs, low pay, lack of work and inadequate social security benefits. In 2014, a DWP review found that parental worklessness and low earnings were key factors driving child poverty. Whilst the unemployment rate in Northern Ireland is relatively low at just over two per cent, economic inactivity levels in Northern Ireland are amongst the highest in the UK. The inactivity rate (the proportion of people aged 16 to 64 who are not working and not seeking or available to work) in Northern Ireland is 26 per cent, compared to 21 per cent in England, 22 per cent in Scotland and 26 per cent in Wales. 2.6 The number of children in poverty in Northern Ireland who live in a household where at least one adult works is significant. Therefore, the quality of jobs and low wages play an important role in keeping children in poverty. The Social Mobility Commission reports that qualification levels, wages, the proportion of high-paid jobs and the rate of job creation are all lower in NI than the UK average, and that one quarter of jobs here pay less than the Real Living Wage. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation reports that lone parents have the highest level of in-work poverty of all family types and are likely to face barriers such as working in a low-wage sector, working fewer hours and being restricted by access to childcare and transport.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland has the highest levels of child poverty in the UK.", "evidence": "While child poverty levels in Northern Ireland as a whole are on par with the wider UK, the proportion of children living in low-income families remains high in parts of the region. Eight of its 18 parliamentary constituencies rank in the bottom third of the wider UK, according to recently published government figures. At least one in five children living in those areas were in relative poverty in 2019, rising to more than a quarter (26%) in Belfast West \u2013 home to the Lanark Way and Springfield Road interface where some of the recent violence broke out \u2013 as well as the Belfast North and Foyle constituencies. [...] The chief commissioner of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission, Les Allamby, said child poverty was a severe problem in Northern Ireland, where families are bigger on average, meaning the limit on universal credit to two children is acutely felt.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The next electoral canvass in Northern Ireland must be completed before 2023, ten years after the 2013 canvass.", "evidence": "To stay on the electoral register, everyone should reply to the communications that will be sent out by the Electoral Office for Northern Ireland over summer and autumn 2021. There will be a number of pieces of communication, such as informing when the canvass is happening, requesting people to respond to the canvass online or using a paper form, and reminding people previously on the register that they have not reregistered. The Electoral Commission will also be running a public information campaign to highlight the importance of completing the canvass. EONI may send out pre-populated forms using census data to some categories of voters less likely to register online. [...] The 2013 canvass added 47,196 voters (including 9,945 young people who had turned 18) to the register whom EONI had no previous record of being registered to vote in Northern Ireland. After that canvass, 112,013 voters were rolled over and retained on the register using data-matching techniques for a further three (extended from two) years. [...] The Northern Ireland Assembly Parties Panel was briefed about the upcoming 2021 canvass at its 6 October 2020 meeting.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The next electoral canvass in Northern Ireland must be completed before 2023, ten years after the 2013 canvass.", "evidence": "Source: Office for National Statistics, National Records of Scotland \u2013 Electoral Office for Northern Ireland [...] By law the register of electors is checked each year by sending a household enquiry form to every household in the council area. This is known as the annual canvass. The purpose of the canvass is to identify everyone who should be on the electoral register. This means identifying citizens who should be registered but are currently not, as well as identifying electors who are no longer at a property and should therefore be removed from the register. A revised version of the electoral register must be published by 1 December, following the conclusion of the annual canvass. [...] Electoral statistics usually refer to a 1 December reference date each year. Providing electoral statistics for this date allows for the completion of the annual canvass by electoral registration officers each autumn. The annual canvass helps to keep electoral registers as accurate and as complete as possible. In response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the UK government amended the final date for the 2020 registers to be published, extending it from 1 December 2020 to February 2021. This allows local authority staff more time to complete their canvassing and maintain the accuracy of their registers, in light of practical consequences such as redeployed resourcing and social distancing.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The Guardian claimed that journalism charity Full Fact is \u201cthe only UK member of\u201d Facebook\u2019s fact-checking programme.", "evidence": "Facebook\u2019s fact-checking operation is launching in the UK, with the independent charity Full Fact selected to be the first British publisher to review and rate the accuracy of content on the social network. [...] Since its launch in the US, Facebook\u2019s fact-checking programme has received mixed reviews. It has been praised for trying to tackle the spread of misinformation on the platform, and particularly for its decision to give fact-checkers\u2019 findings real weight in its algorithmic promotion. However, it has been criticised for its unwillingness to pay for fact-checking, which relies on users to flag content to third parties, who then check the veracity of factual claims. [...] In the UK, Full Fact will initially be the sole fact-checking partner. Will Moy, the charity\u2019s director, welcomed Facebook\u2019s decision, saying: \"Fact-checking can take hours, days or weeks, so nobody has time to properly check everything they see online. But it\u2019s important somebody\u2019s doing it because online misinformation, at its worst, can seriously damage people\u2019s safety or health.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Over 40,000 people in Northern Ireland are on the Housing Executive waiting list - with 30,000 of them in \u2018housing stress\u2019 - yet only around 2,000 social or affordable homes are built each year.", "evidence": "The number of people on social-housing waiting lists in Northern Ireland has risen by a tenth during the pandemic \u2013 over three times more quickly than in the preceding 12 months, according to new figures. By December 31st, 2020, the social-housing waiting list stood at 42,665, data released by the Northern Ireland Housing Executive (NIHE) following a freedom-of-information request shows. The waiting list on March 31st, 2020, before the full effects of the Covid-19 pandemic were known, was 38,745 \u2013 up 2.3 per cent from March 2019 and the highest number Northern Ireland had seen for years.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "There was a rock fall on the Antrim coast road on 9 August 2017.", "evidence": "Antrim Coast Road [edit]The Antrim Coast Road is regarded as one of the great tourist routes of the world.[3] This part of the road has seen a dramatic increase in traffic in recent years (in particular during warmer weather). It runs along the coast for about 25 miles (40 kilometres), from the Black Arch near Larne to the Red Arch near Cushendall, passing through the villages of Ballygalley, Glenarm, Carnlough and Waterfoot. Motorists, cyclists and pedestrians should pay due care and attention as there are currently no cycle lanes and footpaths are infrequent. [...] The Antrim Coast Road was completed in 1842 at a cost of \u00a337,140 \u2013 some \u00a312,000 over budget \u2013 much to the displeasure of the Commissioners. It then remained largely unchanged until the late 1960s. But there were frequent rockfalls because the geology of the Antrim Coast is Ulster White Limestone, greatly faulted and fissured, which bears a considerable overburden of basalt, also weathered and rotten near the surface.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There was a rock fall on the Antrim coast road on 9 August 2017.", "evidence": "Rock fall forces scenic Antrim coast road to close The Antrim coast road at Garron Point has been closed following a recent landslide that has seen the road completely blocked by a major rock fall [...] A major rock fall has closed the Antrim coast road.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "About 2% of pregnancy terminations take place between 20 and 24 weeks.", "evidence": "According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), of the 652,639 abortions reported to the agency in 2014, 91.5% were performed at or under 13 weeks' gestation, 7.2% were performed between 14 and 20 weeks' gestation, and 1.3% were performed at or over 21 weeks' gestation.3 These statistics align with data collected by the Guttmacher Institute (Guttmacher), which found that in 2013, 1.3% of abortions were performed at or over 21 weeks' gestation.4 According to Guttmacher, approximately 926,200 abortions were performed in 2014.5 A 2018 National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NAS) study found that most women who have abortions are unmarried (86%), poor or low-income (75%), under age 30 (72%), and women of color (61%).6 [...] According to a study published in 2014, almost all U.S. abortion facilities (95%) in 2012 offered abortions at 8 weeks' gestation, 72% offered abortions at 12 weeks, 34% at 20 weeks, and 16% at 24 weeks.48 The authors surveyed all known abortion-providing facilities in the United States. A total of 1,720 abortion facilities participated in this study: 453 were located in the Northeast, 737 in the West, 357 in the South, and 173 in the Midwest.49", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "About 2% of pregnancy terminations take place between 20 and 24 weeks.", "evidence": "Termination of pregnancy in patients with previous cesarean section - PMID: 16472563 - DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.09.007 [...] Results: A total of 13 (26%) patients in Group 1 and 79 (39.1%) in Group 2 were at more than 24 weeks' gestation. The abortion failure rate was 2% (1/50) in Group 1 and 0.5% (1/202) in Group 2 (p = .28). The median induction-to-delivery interval was 8.5 h (range, 3.0-114.2 h) for Group 1 and 9.0 h (range, 1.3-124.3 h) in Group 2 (p = .26). One case of uterine rupture and one case of dehiscence were observed, both in women in Group 1. The incidence of hemorrhage was not significantly different between Group 1 and Group 2 (2% vs. 0.9%, respectively, p = .56). The incidence of retained placenta was higher in the Group 1 (70% vs. 52.5%, respectively, p = .025). [...] Induction of second trimester abortion (12-20 weeks) with mifepristone and misoprostol: a review of 386 consecutive cases.Contraception. 2006 May;73(5):516-9. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.12.004. Epub 2006 Feb 23. Contraception. 2006. PMID: 16627037 -", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "About 2% of pregnancy terminations take place between 20 and 24 weeks.", "evidence": "This claim is accurate. In 2018, 1.8% of all abortions in Great Britain took place at gestations of 20 weeks and over; 1.7% of all abortions in England and Wales took place at gestations of 20 to 24 weeks.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "CLAIM: There have been just 113 COVID-19 deaths in all in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "- 15 July \u2013 The Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) publishes a postcode breakdown of COVID-19 deaths in Northern Ireland; the data indicates the BT4 area of East Belfast, including parts of the Upper Newtownards Road, Holywood Road and Sydenham to have had to largest number of deaths at 36.[53] [...] - Official figures show that COVID-19 deaths were the second most common deaths in Northern Ireland between 1 April and 30 June, with 4,684 deaths registered during that time, 732 of them COVID related.[117] [...] - 6 November \u2013 - The number of COVID deaths in Northern Ireland surpasses 1,000, standing at 1,053.[203]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "CLAIM: There have been just 113 COVID-19 deaths in all in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "A Facebook post shared 100 times in less than a day claims that there have been \"113 covid deaths in all of Northern Ireland since the start of the \u2018pandemic\u2019\". [...] To claim that just over a hundred people have died from COVID-19 in Northern Ireland ignores and/or misunderstands comorbidity and causes of death. It is important to ask: What is comorbidity? How are COVID-19 deaths measured? How can we understand these statistics better? [...] The \"113 covid deaths in all of Northern Ireland\" figure in the Facebook claim is contradicted by all these statistics.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "CLAIM: There have been just 113 COVID-19 deaths in all in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "Daily. Northern Ireland\u2019s Department of Health (DoH) publishes a daily figure for deaths reported in the 24 hours up to 10am the previous day. Deaths are attributed as \u201cCOVID-19 deaths\u201d in the DoH\u2019s figures if the person had a positive test for COVID-19 within the previous 28 days. This measure is now broadly consistent across the UK and allows regional comparisons to be made. The Deaths Summary pane of the DoH dashboard shows that exactly 2,000 COVID-19 deaths had been reported by 10am on 15 February 2021. Weekly. NISRA publishes weekly figures, based on COVID-19 being mentioned on death certificates (with or without a positive test). Unlike the DoH figures, NISRA\u2019s weekly statistics include deaths of people who did not have a positive test at the time of death. NISRA\u2019s figures will include people whose certifying doctor notes COVID-19 symptoms, but died of a different primary cause once further analysis is conducted. From the start of the pandemic until 5 February 2021, NISRA\u2019s weekly figures show that there were 2,574 deaths registered mentioning COVID-19 on the death certificate. Quarterly. The Registrar General Quarterly Report is published by NISRA, in line with other UK statistical agencies, and categorises deaths by cause. The primary cause of death is precisely coded against the ICD-10 international model. These are the most accurate, but the slowest to produce, of these three sets of figures for COVID-19 deaths. During the first nine months of 2020, NISRA\u2019s quarterly figures explain that there were 808 deaths where COVID-19 was the underlying cause (information accurate on 18 November 2020).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A third of young people from Northern Ireland who go to university travel outside Northern Ireland, mainly to the North West of England and Scotland, and only a third of those who graduate return back home.", "evidence": "Northern Ireland graduates: Only a third return home - Published - comments Only a third of students from Northern Ireland who graduated in England, Scotland or Wales in 2017 returned home to work. [...] Only 34% of those who had graduated from universities elsewhere in the UK in that year returned to Northern Ireland to work.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "A third of young people from Northern Ireland who go to university travel outside Northern Ireland, mainly to the North West of England and Scotland, and only a third of those who graduate return back home.", "evidence": "The claim that \"a third of young people from Northern Ireland who go to university travel outside Northern Ireland\" is closer to a quarter. On 11 March 2018, Brian Smyth claimed that \"\u2026a third of young people from Northern Ireland who go to university travel outside NI, mainly to the North West of England and Scotland, and only a third of those who graduate return back home.\" [...] We found that Brian Smyth\u2019s claim that \"\u2026a third of young people from Northern Ireland who go to university travel outside Northern Ireland, mainly to the North West of England and Scotland, and only a third of those who graduate return back home\" was generally factually accurate. The Department of Economy statistics suggest that the figure for those leaving Northern Ireland for Great Britain institutions is closer to 26.9%; it is closer to a third for those enrolled full-time. After graduation, the Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education survey indicates that 33.1% of Northern Irish students returned home to work.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland is the only part of Europe that does not have climate change legislation.", "evidence": "7. To date, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom and Ireland without specific Climate Change legislation setting out a pathway for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. [...] - Establish a system of Carbon Budgeting - Place a responsibility on local authorities to produce Climate Change Action Plans every 5 years 46. There is presently no specific Climate Change legislation in NI. However, as part of the 2020 New Decade, New Approach agreement, the NI Executive made a commitment to bring forward a Climate Change Act to give environmental targets a strong legal underpinning, as well as developing a new Energy Strategy and reviewing policies in light of the Paris Agreement. [...] 152. FSB welcome Climate Change legislation for NI and highlighted that a recent survey revealed that small local businesses desire policy certainty regarding their climate obligations. The important role that these enterprises can play with regards reducing emissions and facilitating green innovation was discussed and that there is an opportunity for business growth in the transition towards a green economy.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The murder rate in Belfast was sixth highest in a list of cities in Europe (according to 2010 data).", "evidence": "Belfast has the highest death rate in NI: survey Belfast has recorded the highest death rate for Northern Ireland, new data has revealed. The city had 1,139.3 deaths per 100,000 - 156.8 above the UK average of 982.5.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The murder rate in Belfast was sixth highest in a list of cities in Europe (according to 2010 data).", "evidence": "Northern Ireland has the second highest rate (0.53) of female intentional homicide victims by intimate partner, per 100,000 inhabitants, in Western Europe, as defined by WEOG (given the lack of definition of \"Western Europe\") and the regions covered by the data published by Eurostat. On 20 November 2019, Sorcha Eastwood, Alliance Party Westminster candidate for Lagan Valley, stated: \"Northern Ireland has the highest rate of femicide in Western Europe per 100,000 in the population.\" [...] The femicide rate was highest in Finland (0.61). Northern Ireland had the second highest femicide rate in Western Europe, as defined by WEOG and the regions covered by the 2017 data published by Eurostat.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The murder rate in Belfast was sixth highest in a list of cities in Europe (according to 2010 data).", "evidence": "Available data shows other cities with higher homicide rates. Data for some other cities was not and is not published. By any reasonable definition, homicide rates in Belfast are not among the highest in Europe today.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The last man to attack the US Capitol, prior to the events on 6 January 2021, was a British Army Major General from Northern Ireland, in 1814.", "evidence": "- Duignan, Brian (August 4, 2021). \"January 6 U.S. Capitol attack\". Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved September 22, 2021. [...] - Holpuch, Amanda (January 6, 2021). \"US Capitol's last breach was more than 200 years ago\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021. [...] The attack, which some historians called the most severe assault on the Capitol since the British sacked the building in 1814 - Holpuch, Amanda (January 6, 2021). \"US Capitol's last breach was more than 200 years ago\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The last man to attack the US Capitol, prior to the events on 6 January 2021, was a British Army Major General from Northern Ireland, in 1814.", "evidence": "The Belfast Telegraph published an article that claimed the last time the US Capitol was attacked was during the War of 1812: \"Robert Ross \u2026 from Rostrevor in Co Down, will always be remembered as the man who burned down the White House in 1814.\" The US Capitol comprises the buildings that house both the US House of Representatives and the US Senate. But was Robert Ross really the \"last man to attack the US Capitol?\" We reviewed incidents of the US Capitol buildings being attacked. [...] There have been four notable attacks on the US Capitol in-between Robert Ross and the incident on 6 January 2021. While Major General Robert Ross in 1814 was the last foreign attacker, Linda Evans and Laura Whitehorn were among the most recent attackers in 1983.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The last man to attack the US Capitol, prior to the events on 6 January 2021, was a British Army Major General from Northern Ireland, in 1814.", "evidence": "This claim is inaccurate. Since the burning of the US Capitol in August 1814, during the War of 1812, there have been four notable further attacks before this year\u2019s incident: Erich Muenter exploded three sticks of dynamite in the US Senate reception room (1915); Puerto Rican nationalists opened fire from the US House of Representatives visitors\u2019 gallery (1954); the Weather Underground group exploded a bomb (1971); and seven people were arrested for causing an explosion in the US Senate (1983).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Vegans cannot take COVID-19 vaccines because they contain animal products.", "evidence": "COVID-19 Vaccines: My Message To Vegans [...] Are COVID-19 vaccines vegan? Whether or not COVID-19 vaccines are vegan depends on how you define veganism. If you define veganism as zero use of animals, or animal products, they are not vegan. If you define veganism as philosophy that excludes animal exploitation \"as far as possible and practical\", like the Vegan Society, then the answer is fuzzier.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Vegans cannot take COVID-19 vaccines because they contain animal products.", "evidence": "The claim is not accurate. No COVID-19 vaccine currently in use contains animal products.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Vegans cannot take COVID-19 vaccines because they contain animal products.", "evidence": "Many people have been waiting for a COVID vaccine that is both ethical and doesn\u2019t contain animal ingredients. Clinical trials for vaccines involve human volunteers, but before they reach that stage, their safety and efficacy must be tested on animals, per the FDA as well as guidelines worldwide. So, there\u2019s still no such thing as a vegan COVID vaccine. And, yes, you should still get vaccinated. Any vaccination is better than none. But don\u2019t take my word for it. The scientific community is unanimous in recommending adults and eligible children to be fully vaccinated\u2014and in some cases boosted\u2014for the best protection against COVID-19 symptoms and spread. [...] Plant-based vaccines are still a new innovation. In fact, the plant-based coronavirus vaccine is the first of its kind. While Covifenz is plant-based, per regulations surrounding vaccines, it is tested on animals. (Vaccine trials for COVID-19 have relied on research on mice, hamsters, and nonhuman primates.) In other words, it\u2019s not a vegan vaccine. \"Plant-based\" just refers to how the shots are made. So, how do they differ from other kinds of vaccines?", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination.", "evidence": "However, women here do report having felt discriminated in the workplace due to being pregnant or a mother: 36% of mothers report feeling they were treated unfairly, and 50% of mothers believing their career opportunities are worse than before pregnancy. On 15 August 2016, while speaking on the BBC Radio Ulster programme Talk Back, Joeli Brearley (Pregnant then Screwed contributor) claimed that \"77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination\". The debate surrounding this statistic refers to an Equality and Human Rights Commission (Great Britain) report, which to be exact, stated: \"Three in four mothers (77%) said they had a negative or possibly discriminatory experience during pregnancy; maternity leave; and on their return from maternity leave.\" [...] The aforementioned report applies to Great Britain (Scotland, Wales and England) and does not include Northern Ireland in its findings. Furthermore, this is the rate among women who report a wide range of negative experiences when surveyed. It is important to draw a distinction between cases of legal discrimination that have been brought forward and ruled upon by a tribunal, and complaints that range all the way from illegal dismissal, to unwanted comments from colleagues. 22% of mothers raised the issue, either formally or informally, with their employer.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland is one of the least expensive places in the UK for childcare.", "evidence": "\"Northern Ireland has been named as one of the cheapest regions in the UK for childcare costs according to a new study\" [...] And, while it is not mentioned in their online study, Penfold\u2019s press release sent to media in NI said that \"Northern Ireland is one of cheapest [places to have a child, with regards to childcare].\" [...] However, that does not mean that NI\u2019s childcare is amongst the cheapest in the UK for parents and guardians, because this fails to take into account the wider help that is available, and the fact that the economic context in each country is different. Wages in Northern Ireland are relatively low, compared with other parts of the UK.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland is one of the least expensive places in the UK for childcare.", "evidence": "The childcare system in Northern Ireland has reached a breaking point \u2013 for parents and for early learning and childcare providers. Early learning and childcare is not affordable for families. The last Northern Ireland Childcare Survey (2023) found the cost of a full\u2013time childcare place is now over \u00a310,000 per year \u2013 for 41% of families, childcare is their largest monthly outgoing ahead of their mortgage or rent. For some families, paying for childcare is leading to household debt, with 56% using means other than their income to pay for childcare, including savings, credit cards and loans. [...] Northern Ireland requires a bespoke funding model for the sector to better meet the needs of all families but with a focus on disadvantaged children. While the recent announcement by the Education Minister of a package of support for early learning and childcare, including a new Northern Ireland Childcare Subsidy scheme, is a welcome interim measure, it is initially focused only on supporting eligible working parents of children under school age. The detail of how the scheme will be rolled out and further information around eligibility, is still to be confirmed.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Children who take a COVID-19 vaccine 52 times more likely to suffer an early death.", "evidence": "The headline of a Jan. 29 blog post by The Daily Expos\u00e9 claims: \"Official data shows children are up to 52 times more likely to die following COVID-19 vaccination than unvaccinated children & the (Office of National Statistics) is trying to hide it.\" [...] The Daily Expos\u00e9 attempted to do its own mortality rate calculations and claimed children are up to 52 times more likely to die following COVID-19 vaccination than unvaccinated children. [...] The Expose, \"Official Data shows Children are up to 52 times more likely to die following COVID-19 Vaccination than Unvaccinated Children & the ONS is trying to hide it,\" Jan. 29, 2022", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Children who take a COVID-19 vaccine 52 times more likely to suffer an early death.", "evidence": "Data does not support this claim. Deaths of children after vaccination are too rare to inform reliable estimates. A temporary increase is possible because children with significant pre-existing health problems received vaccines before their peers.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "All taxis can use bus lanes in many cities in Ireland and the UK.", "evidence": "Bus lanes are shown by road markings and signs that indicate which (if any) other vehicles are permitted to use the bus lane. In Belfast city centre the legislation allows permitted taxis, motorcycles and bicycles to use bus lanes. [...] Bus lane signs show the times when they operate. Most bus lanes operate at peak times only (typically 7.30am to 9.30am or 3.30pm to 6.00pm on Monday to Friday). Outside the hours of operation the lanes can be used by all traffic. The legislation for most bus lanes allows permitted taxis, motorcycles and bicycles to use bus lanes.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "A British Army veteran who served in Northern Ireland during the Troubles is 54 times more likely than a Republican or Loyalist paramilitary to be prosecuted for alleged offences pre-dating the 1998 Belfast Agreement.", "evidence": "This claim is not accurate. Prosecutions to date suggest that ex-British Army personnel have been the subject of cases five times more than Republican and Loyalist suspects. The cited ratio of 54 times \u201cmore likely\u201d was based on a snapshot of live prosecutions and takes no account of previous cases.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A British Army veteran who served in Northern Ireland during the Troubles is 54 times more likely than a Republican or Loyalist paramilitary to be prosecuted for alleged offences pre-dating the 1998 Belfast Agreement.", "evidence": "Victims condemn Northern Ireland Troubles prosecutions call - Published [...] NI's Attorney General John Larkin said there should be an end to investigations into killings before the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. [...] Mr Larkin told the BBC: \"More than 15 years have passed since the Belfast Agreement, there have been very few prosecutions, and every competent criminal lawyer will tell you the prospects of conviction diminish, perhaps exponentially, with each passing year, so we are in a position now where I think we have to take stock.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Business rates on Main Street in Larne are the same as Regent Street in London.", "evidence": "Larne Business Forum has written to Communities Minister Gordon Lyons requesting an extraordinary audit of Mid and East Antrim Borough Council\u2019s finances after a massive rise in business rates. [...] Larne Business Forum said it believes \"unsustainable non-domestic rates burdens being placed on local businesses are undermining the very survival of some in the small business sector\". [...] Larne Business Fourm also expressed concern over a \u00a37.2m shortfall in the council\u2019s finances saying that \"we noted that no suitable explanation has ever been provided to ratepayers as to how such an extraordinary shortfall was allowed to happen\".", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Business rates on Main Street in Larne are the same as Regent Street in London.", "evidence": "A SMALL business trading from modest premises in a town like Larne can expect to pay up to three times more in rates than if operating in London, a new report claims. [...] Larne businessmen Tom and Paul McMullan are now demanding that the NI Affairs Select Committee at Westminster conducts an inquiry into business rates in Northern Ireland and have lobbied MP Sammy Wilson in support of their campaign over \"ridiculously high\" rates, which also has the backing of industry bodies like Retail NI and Hospitality. [...] \"So at the \u00a35,000 and \u00a312,000 NAV data points, the London business escapes all liability for business rates while on the other hand the Larne business will have to pay a rates bill of \u00a32,402 and \u00a36,149 respectively.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland has the highest number of children in care since the introduction of the Children Order in 1995.", "evidence": "It comes as it emerged that Northern Ireland has the highest number of children in care since the Children Order was introduced in 1995. [...] The most recent figures show that as of 31 March 2021, there were 3,530 children in care in Northern Ireland. [...] In March 2016, 2,890 children were in care in Northern Ireland.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Additional months of validity on UK passports issued before the UK left the EU are no longer valid.", "evidence": "Passports are now only valid for 10 years exactly - additional months on anyone's red passports (passports issued before the UK left the EU ) are no longer valid. [...] A statement from Hays Travel said: \"Important passport update changes: due to changes in validity since leaving Europe, your passport is now only valid for 10 years from the issue date on your passport. \"If your passport was issued prior to the UK leaving the EU with additional months on, those extra months are no longer valid.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Additional months of validity on UK passports issued before the UK left the EU are no longer valid.", "evidence": "Booking a holiday to beat the January blues? You better check your passport. When the Brexit transition period ends, Brits will need a minimum of six months left on their passports to travel to Schengen Area countries, which applies to most of Europe. [...] To make things more complicated, if you renewed your current passport before the previous one expired, any remaining validity (up to nine months) would likely have been added to its expiry date over the usual limit of 10 years. However, any extra months on your passport may not count towards the six months required. This is because Schengen Area countries also require passports to have been issued within the last 10 years on the day of travel. [...] Yes. British passports will continue to be valid until their expiry date for entry to the UK. The rule changes resulting from the end of the transition period only apply for entry to a state where the Schengen Borders Code is applicable.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Additional months of validity on UK passports issued before the UK left the EU are no longer valid.", "evidence": "travelling in Europe for up to 3 months (you don\u2019t normally need a visa for the first 90 days in every 180 days of travel) the requirement from most European countries to have at least 3 months left on your passport on the day after you leave", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The UUP\u2019s manifesto for the 2022 Assembly election says there is a \u201cpersistent and unacceptable attainment gap at GCSE between Protestant and Catholic pupils entitled to free school meals and those not entitled to free school meals.\u201d", "evidence": "Data shows that in 2018-2019, 49.5% of FSME school leavers had at least five GCSEs including English and maths, compared to 78.5% of their non-FSME peers \u2013 a gap of 29 percentage points. In 2005-2006 the gap was 32.1pp, a difference of 3.1pp.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "One in five school staff in Northern Ireland are assaulted at least once a week.", "evidence": "Fifth Of NI School Staff Assaulted Once A Week One in five school staff in Northern Ireland are assaulted once a week, according to a recent survey. [...] The Chair of the NIC-ICTU Education Group Denise Walker (GMB) said: \"Everyone expects and is entitled to go to work free from the threat of physical violence but if you work in one of Northern Ireland's schools in a support role, you could be one of the 51% who have been subjected to a physical incident at work. 43% of whom reported having been a victim of physical violence weekly.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "One in five school staff in Northern Ireland are assaulted at least once a week.", "evidence": "A headline in the Belfast News Letter of 21 March 2019 states \"One in five school staff assaulted once a week in Northern Ireland\" (sic). The newspaper reported the findings of a survey of education workers by the Northern Ireland Committee of the Irish Committee of Trade Unions (ICTU) Education Group. [...] ICTU\u2019s press release states that \"1 on 5 receive physical abuse ONCE a WEEK\" (sic). [...] The ICTU inaccurately presented the findings of its education workers survey in their press release. As a consequence, it was misreported by the Belfast News Letter. The survey found that 1 in 10, rather than the claimed 1 in 5, of education workers experience physical abuse at least once a week.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Translink spoke about their hope that the Glider would reduce journey times on public transport by 25%.", "evidence": "\"The Glider service will encourage more people to use public transport which in turn helps ease congestion and improve air quality,\" she said. [...] Translink CEO Chris Conway said the new buses will transform public transport in Belfast. [...] Translink hope the new network will see a reduction in public transport journey times by 25%.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Projections from the Department of Infrastructure indicate that 38% of all properties in Northern Ireland will be at risk of flooding by 2080.", "evidence": "In terms of future risk, railway lines are the only infrastructure type in Northern Ireland projected to increase in risk from river flooding (under a low population and no additional adaptation \u2018reduced whole system\u2019 scenario). Risk increases by 50% by the 2080s with 4\u00b0C global warming at 2100. All other infrastructure types are projected to decrease in risk. Freshwater sites, electricity substations, railway lines and railway stations are projected to see an increase in risk from surface water flooding. By the 2080s in a +4\u00b0C at 2100 scenario, this increase in risk ranges from 49% for freshwater sites to 137% for railway lines. The risk to power stations is projected to decrease under all scenarios. [...] In future, climate change will increase the number of properties at risk of flooding from all sources, and these could be in areas that have not previously been at risk of flooding. The largest increase in risk in Northern Ireland is related to coastal flooding, which is projected to increase by 550% by 2080s (in a high population scenario and with 4\u00b0C global warming at 2100) (see figure 9).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ninety per cent of those who died during the Troubles were killed by paramilitaries.", "evidence": "Paramilitary groups such as the UDA and the UVF killed more than 900 people over the course of the Troubles in Northern Ireland. [...] Some 400 republican paramilitaries died, most of them members of the IRA, and almost 170 loyalist paramilitaries. A significant number of paramilitaries were killed by their own organisations as alleged informers, in premature explosions and by rival groups during feuds. [...] Throughout the Troubles people were killed where they socialised, lived and worked. They were killed at sports events, in hospitals, in prison, leaving churches and even inside places of worship. The violence of the Troubles continues to impact upon communities. Beyond the dead it is estimated some 50,000 people were wounded. Tens of thousands served in the security forces, joined the paramilitaries and went to prison. More witnessed the horror of violent death.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland is one of the most \u201clocked-down\u201d places in the world.", "evidence": "With a circuit breaker, authorities tighten restrictions on what people can do for a set amount of time to reduce transmission of the virus, to try to avoid needing to go into full lockdown. Northern Ireland\u2019s four-week plan includes closing all bars and restaurants (except for takeaways), stopping indoor amateur sports, and shutting close-contact services such as hairdressing. [...] There\u2019s also much more travel from Northern Ireland across the land border with the Republic of Ireland than to rest of the UK. Because the Republic of Ireland implemented a lockdown earlier than the UK and had additional restrictions on movement and travel, this may have limited the number of new infections brought into Northern Ireland. [...] With this in mind, the longer the restrictions are in place, the more effective they\u2019ll be at reducing viral spread. It\u2019s important for the circuit breaker to remain in place longer than the upper end of the potential incubation period if it\u2019s to have a good chance of significantly reducing the rate of transmission. It\u2019s good therefore that Northern Ireland has opted for a four-week set of restrictions.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Derry/Londonderry is the only city of its prominence in the UK that does not have its own higher education institution, according to Lord Adonis.", "evidence": "The Vibrant Cities of Belfast and Derry~Londonderry [...] Derry~Londonderry is strategically located at the spot where the Wild Atlantic Way meets the Causeway Coastal Route, two of Ireland\u2019s most popular and impressive coastal touring routes. A flowering of culture and identity took hold here when the city was named UK City of Culture in 2013 and continues to enhance its future. [...] Derry~Londonderry is the only remaining completely intact walled city in Ireland, and is one of the finest examples in Europe. The 400th anniversary of the walls will be celebrated with events in 2018/19. The views from the 26-foot-high ramparts are well worth walking the one-mile circuit. Take an in-depth walking tour with local expert Michael Cooper, Derry Blue Badge Guide, who will provide insight and history on city sites and events. The award-winning Tower Museum\u2019s historical exhibits include the story of Derry~Londonderry and artifacts from the 1588 Spanish Armada shipwreck of La Trinidad Valencera off the coast. The city\u2019s history is also showcased in the Siege Museum, the Museum of Free Derry, St. Columb\u2019s Cathedral, and the stained glass windows in the Neo-Gothic Guildhall.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Dungiven has some of the worst nitrogen dioxide (NO2) readings in Western Europe", "evidence": "In the last few years, governments and corporations around the world have come under increasing pressure to act on a global air pollution crisis. In Europe, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has been at the centre of the debate, following the dieselgate scandal and numerous legal battles faced by governments that have been shown to be in breach of legal limits. [...] NO2 also has a detrimental effect on biodiversity, inhibiting plant growth. In the UK, it\u2019s been estimated that (pdf) 63% of the most sensitive wildlife habitats have been affected by excessive nitrogen deposits.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Dungiven has some of the worst nitrogen dioxide (NO2) readings in Western Europe", "evidence": "UK air standards call for average annual NO2 readings to be under 40 micrograms per cubic metre", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Dungiven has some of the worst nitrogen dioxide (NO2) readings in Western Europe", "evidence": "Many European countries do not meet legal air quality standards for ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) near roads; a problem that has been forecasted to persist to 2030. Although European air quality standards regulate NO2 concentrations, emissions standards for new vehicles instead set limits for NOx\u2014the combination of nitric oxide (NO) and NO2. From around 1990 onwards, the total emissions of NOx declined significantly in Europe, but roadside concentrations of NO2\u2014a regulated species\u2014declined much less than expected. This discrepancy has been attributed largely to the increasing usage of diesel vehicles in Europe and more directly emitted tailpipe NO2. Here we apply a data-filtering technique to 130 million hourly measurements of NOx, NO2 and ozone (O3) from roadside monitoring stations across 61 urban areas in Europe over the period 1990\u20132015 to estimate the continent-wide trends of directly emitted NO2. We find that the ratio of NO2 to NOx emissions increased from 1995 to around 2010 but has since stabilized at a level that is substantially lower than is assumed in some key emissions inventories. The proportion of NOx now being emitted directly from road transport as NO2 is up to a factor of two smaller than the estimates used in policy projections. We therefore conclude that there may be a faster attainment of roadside NO2 air quality standards across Europe than is currently expected. [...] Grice, S. et al. Recent trends and projections of primary NO2 emissions in Europe. Atmos. Environ.43, 2154\u20132167 (2009).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "In Belfast, the digital sector employs 26 per cent of the workforce.", "evidence": "Fifth of Belfast workers employed in digital tech sector Tech Nation has said a fifth of Belfast's workers are now employed in the digital tech sector, as it prepared to hold an industry event today. Belfast's digital tech sector had almost 17,000 vacancies during 2018, according to research by the Government body into digital tech jobs.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "In Belfast, the digital sector employs 26 per cent of the workforce.", "evidence": "New data analysed by Tech Nation revealed that 26pc of Belfast\u2019s workforce is now employed in the digital technology economy. [...] Belfast is one of nine cities in the UK, outside of London, to have more than one-fifth of the workforce employed in the technology sector. The other cities are Glasgow, Edinburgh, Newcastle, Leeds, Bristol, Reading, Cardiff and Cambridge. Of these cities, Cambridge and Belfast have the highest penetration of digital tech jobs at nearly 26pc. According to jobs website Adzuna, Belfast had the highest proportion of digital tech vacancies in 2019.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe.", "evidence": "Socioeconomic determinants of teenage pregnancy and early motherhood in the United Kingdom: A perspective @article{Aluga2021SocioeconomicDO, title={Socioeconomic determinants of teenage pregnancy and early motherhood in the United Kingdom: A perspective}, author={David Aluga and Elvis Anyaehiechukwu Okolie}, journal={Health Promotion Perspectives}, year={2021}, volume={11}, pages={426 - 429}, url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245337744} [...] The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage birth rates among countries in western Europe. Government initiatives such as the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy introduced by the labor government in 1999 to reduce the teenage pregnancy rate by half in ten years could be responsible for the steady decline in teenage conception and childbirth for the past two decades. However, to sustain this decrease it is crucial to consider the broader socioeconomic and environmental determinants of teenage\u2026 [PDF] Semantic Reader 7 Citations [...] TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: A BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe.", "evidence": "Background: The UK has one of the highest rates of teenage pregnancies in Western Europe. One-fifth of these are repeat pregnancies. Unintended conceptions can cause substantial emotional, psychological and educational harm to teenagers, often with enduring implications for life chances. Babies of teenage mothers have increased mortality and are at a significantly increased risk of poverty, educational underachievement and unemployment later in life, with associated costs to society. It is important to identify effective, cost-effective and acceptable interventions. [...] Conclusions: We found no evidence to indicate that existing interventions to reduce repeat teenage pregnancy were effective; however, subsequent births were reduced by home-based interventions. Qualitative and realist evidence helped to explain gaps in intervention design that should be addressed. More theory-based, rigorously evaluated programmes need to be developed to reduce repeat teenage pregnancy in the UK. [...] Intervention Now To Eliminate Repeat Unintended Pregnancy in Teenagers (INTERUPT): a systematic review of intervention effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, qualitative and realist synthesis of implementation factors and user engagement.BMJ Open. 2014 Apr 10;4(4):e004733. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004733. BMJ Open. 2014. PMID: 24722200 Free PMC article. Review.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The cost of social division to the public purse in NI ranges between \u00a3400m and \u00a3830m every year.", "evidence": "A further point to note is the wide ranges involved with all these estimates. The \u00a3830m upper bound for the estimated cost of division is more than double the lower bound (\u00a3400m). [...] The Cost of Division in Northern Ireland is a briefing paper from UU\u2019s Transforming Education series. Although this new report\u2019s primary focus is on education, it also looks at the wider context of division. [...] \"In 2016, the Economic Policy Centre at Ulster University produced figures for the cost of division in NI. They too admitted that teasing out the costs that are due to division is challenging and, in relation to social costs for example, they concede that \"division has created significant social issues and associated costs, but these have not been identified or quantified\". Also, they only considered data provided by others \u2013 they undertook no primary research themselves. Nonetheless, by comparing the costs for public services in NI with other similar regions of the UK, they produced an upper and a lower figure within which costs could at least partly be ascribed to division. This additional cost was calculated at between around \u00a3400 million and \u00a3830 million per year \u2013 over half of this attributed to policing and justice which is considerably more expensive in NI than elsewhere in the UK.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The cost of social division to the public purse in NI ranges between \u00a3400m and \u00a3830m every year.", "evidence": "Do divisions in society cost Northern Ireland between \u00a3400m and \u00a3830m every year? [...] In its manifesto issued ahead of the 2023 local government elections, the Alliance Party claimed: \"The current estimates of the cost of division range betweenArticles |", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point.", "evidence": "- Based on various sources, it is accurate to say that am average of three women are killed by men each week in the UK - Official data indicates that 22.9% of all women in England and Wales has been the victim of rape or sexual assault in their lifetime - Given population sizes, it is reasonable to assume this is a fair representation of the percentage in the UK as a whole [...] \"In a society where 3 women are killed each week by a men and 1 in 4 women are raped or sexually assaulted, misogyny is endemic.\" [...] Various sources are available with information relevant to Ms Nicholl\u2019s claim that an average of three women are killed each week by men.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point.", "evidence": "Domestic, dating, and sexual violence are costly and pervasive problems in the U.S., causing victims, as well as witnesses and bystanders, in every community to suffer incalculable pain and loss. [...] Domestic, Dating and Sexual Violence in the United States - On average more than three women a day are murdered by their husbands or boyfriends in the United States.1 - Nearly one in four women in the United States reports experiencing violence by a current or former spouse or boyfriend at some point in her life.2 - Women are much more likely than men to be victimized by a current or former intimate partner.3 Women are 84 percent of spouse abuse victims and 86 percent of victims of abuse at the hands of a boyfriend or girlfriend. About three-fourths of the persons who commit family violence are male.4 - Women ages 20 to 24 are at the greatest risk of experiencing nonfatal intimate partner violence.5 [...] Prevalence of Violence Against Women Globally - The United Nations Development Fund for Women estimates that at least one of every three women globally will be beaten, raped or otherwise abused during her lifetime. In most cases, the abuser is a member of her own family.12", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "60% of people in Northern Ireland are against the backstop.", "evidence": "The backstop proved one of the most contentious issues in parliamentary debates on the draft Withdrawal Agreement. The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) opposed it because it would have introduced differences in regulation between Northern Ireland and the rest of the UK, which it saw as a threat to Northern Ireland\u2019s place in the Union. A majority of people in Northern Ireland supported the backstop, however, as it gave them privileged access to both the UK and EU markets. In January 2019, the UK government published proposals on how the UK, including the Northern Ireland executive, could influence both the decision to use the backstop and its governance if it came into effect, as well as a commitment that the rest of the UK would unilaterally align with the single market regulations being applied in Northern Ireland. Other Brexiteers are opposed to the backstop because it would mean the UK remaining in a customs territory with the EU, removing the UK\u2019s ability to vary its tariffs, a key component of trade deals.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "77% of young people in the UK don\u2019t want Brexit.", "evidence": "Nine months ago I was part of a group of young people who started a political campaign. We wanted our voices to be heard on Brexit. We\u2019ve now built a national movement across campuses, schools, towns and cities. [...] This is not only Labour ducking its duty, it is poor politics. After all, it was my generation that propelled Corbyn to the brink of Downing Street last year. And my generation will turn its back on him if he betrays us now. One poll last week shows Labour\u2019s support among young people would plummet from 60% to 33% if it helps enable Brexit. I am part of a generation that has experimented with political engagement in a way that most young people have not for 30 years or more. But what we\u2019re witnessing from our political leaders makes me want to recoil once more. In October 700,000 people \u2013 many of them young \u2013 marched peacefully through the streets of London calling for the public to be given the final say on Brexit. We have since taken a bus to every corner of the country, with the statistic that 77% of young people don\u2019t want Brexit emblazoned on the side. We\u2019ve been to hundreds of schools and have heard the same messages time and again: we are scared about how Brexit will affect our futures; many of us did not have a say in the initial vote; and if we were given a chance to make our voices heard we would vote to stay in Europe.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland has the highest rate of femicide in Western Europe", "evidence": "The death of 21-year-old Salom\u00e9 has been recorded as the 100th case of femicide this year. [...] In 2018, the ministry of the interior had recorded 121 femicides. On Sunday, the 101st case was recorded, that of a 92-year-old woman killed by her 94-year-old husband in southern France. In western Europe, France is said to be among the countries with the highest rate of women killed by their partner, with 0.18 victims per 100,000 women, according to 2017 Eurostat figures.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland has the highest rate of femicide in Western Europe", "evidence": "In this ranking, France and Germany are far ahead of Romania (84 female deaths), the United Kingdom (70) or Italy (65). As the French 24-hour news channel BFMTV noted on its website, this figure is also related to the number of inhabitants in the country. Taking that into account, Romania has the highest percentage of femicides. There are 4.3 deaths of women by voluntary homicide per million inhabitants, followed by Hungary (4.2), Finland (3.6) and Germany (2.3). France ranks sixth with 1.8 murders of women per million inhabitants. [...] The case of Northern Ireland is a peculiar one. If we separate Northern Ireland from the rest of the United Kingdom, the number of femicides reaches a high level of 4.2 deaths per million inhabitants, or eight murders of women in 2017.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Only the Green Party supported a proposal to establish an environmental protection agency (EPA), as part of the review of public administration (local government) in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "In 2007, following a review of environmental governance in Northern Ireland, the Assembly debated an Alliance Party motion calling on the Executive to establish an independent environmental protection agency for Northern Ireland, as recommended in the review's report, 'Foundations for the future'. The Ulster Unionist Party and Sinn F\u00e9in supported the motion, but, while the Ulster Unionists supported our amendment in that debate, to establish an independent environmental protection agency in the lifetime of that Assembly, Sinn F\u00e9in did not. Sinn F\u00e9in, however, supported a DUP amendment that called for more work to be undertaken \u2014 a repeat of d\u00e9j\u00e0-vu? \u2014 before decisions could be taken. It was ever thus.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Only the Green Party supported a proposal to establish an environmental protection agency (EPA), as part of the review of public administration (local government) in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "The review of environmental governance examined a wider issue, but it is absolutely clear that the authors of that report saw an independent environmental protection agency as the key driver for changing environmental governance in Northern Ireland and for ensuring that progress is made. However, that was not just the view of the usual range of environmental non-governmental organisations; groups such as the Confederation of British Industry, the Quarry Products Association, and the Consumer Council all backed that call. We have seen in recent weeks that that is not just a good idea; it is now an essential idea. [...] I support the creation of an EPA \u2014 and I assure Members that this is a personal view, not a party view \u2014 because I believe that we need a strong independent voice to stand by the environment in Northern Ireland \u2014 a voice that will state, when things go wrong, that that cannot be allowed to continue. The EHS cannot do that because it is within the Government structures; if it tried to do so, it would be sat on, either by its own Department or by the greater Executive, and told not to rock the boat. [...] The review of environmental governance report of May 2007 advised the creation of an independent EPA. Our party\u2019s submission to that review was delivered by my colleague Sam Gardiner. We supported the proposal at an evidence-gathering meeting of the environmental governance panel \u2014 a meeting from which the DUP and Sinn F\u00e9in were noticeably absent.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Prime Minister Modi has initiated a grievance portal (CPGRAMS) upon assuming office for the first time", "evidence": "A revised version of CPGRAMS portal meant to address public grievances was launched in June 2007. In fact, the concept of directly accepting petitions to handle public grievances was initiated as early as 2002. Since then, a total of 8972 grievance petitions were received by the DOP&T and most of the issues were resolved before 90 days of filing the petition as of 31 January 2014. Hence, the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Prime Minister Modi has initiated a grievance portal (CPGRAMS) upon assuming office for the first time", "evidence": "IGMS 2.0, implemented by IIT Kanpur, upgrades DARPG\u2019s CPGRAMS portal with AI \"PM Modi has flagged again and again that Grievance Redressal is important for accountability of the Government and also for the Citizen-centric Governance\": Dr Jitendra Singh [...] With a ballooning caseload of problems being raised by the common man and their trust in the timebound redressal of their grievances, close to 20 lakh grievances are received annually on the CPGRAMS portal. In view of the large number of grievances, the classification and monitoring of grievances cannot be done manually. Thus, the IGMS portal will help the DARPG with creation of draft letter for selected scheme/ministry and expedite the grievance redressal process by the concerned ministry/department. Speaking on the occasion, Dr Jitendra Singh, said Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has flagged again and again that Grievance Redressal is important for accountability of the Government and also for the Citizen-centric Governance. A more robust human interface mechanism including Counselling post-resolution of the grievance has also been introduced.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court.", "evidence": "Like social media posts and other forms of digital communication, text messages can be used as evidence in court and can be instrumental in the outcome of both criminal and civil cases. [...] Text messages can be used to prove wrongdoing or support a defense position in a wide variety of court cases, ranging from family law matters like divorce and child custody to personal injury lawsuits to criminal trials. [...] In the wake of the Supreme Court ruling in June to overturn Roe v. Wade, concerns are on the rise about the potential use of text messages, location data, and other digital information to punish people who discuss or search for information about access to abortion services. In the past, text messages have been used as evidence on a number of occasions against women facing criminal charges related to the end of their pregnancies.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court.", "evidence": "The criminalization of certain electronic communication under the BNS is supplemented by the BSA recognizing electronic records like emails, voicemails, location data, etc. as evidence. Under the erstwhile Evidence Act, the acceptable formats of electronic evidence were restricted to paper, optical, or magnetic forms such as CD ROMs. The BSA has now included semiconductor memory like SD cards as a format of electronic evidence and communication devices as a source of electronic records.[3] Consequently, messages, chats, or voice recordings on mobile phones can be produced before courts as evidence. The BSA has not only expanded the sources of electronic evidence but has also enhanced its significance. Previously the Evidence Act classified electronic records only as secondary evidence. If an original document, considered primary evidence, is unavailable, secondary evidence such as copies or descriptions can be presented to the court with its prior approval. Section 57 of the BNS now classifies electronic records as primary evidence and Section 61 declares that they have the same value as physical documents.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court.", "evidence": "Electronic evidence can be used against a person in a court of law. The main purpose of electronic evidence is to help to prove a person\u2019s guilt or innocence in a court of law. [...] Text messages: Text messages are an example of electronic evidence. They can be used to prove that you were in contact with someone and details of your communication in line with the matter in issue. [...] Electronic evidence evidence can be used in court cases to prove or disprove that a certain event happened. It is usually considered more reliable than other forms of evidence, such as physical evidence. However, there are some issues with electronic evidence. For example, it can be destroyed or modified by the defendant. It may also be difficult to find the defendant\u2019s original data.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "In Britain, the country which ruled India for 200 years, Modi was the head of the meeting which was attended by the heads of 53 countries.", "evidence": "Key points - By the time India and Pakistan became independent nations in 1947, Britain had controlled much of the region for nearly 200 years. [...] - There were many organisations and key individuals who helped bring British rule over India to an end. [...] The end of British rule in India", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The visuals of water boiling under pits formed on a highway in Veracruz, Mexico, are a result of volcanic activity in Mexico\u2019s Popocatepetl volcanic mountain", "evidence": "Popocatepetl volcano is 5452 m in altitude and capped by glaciers with a long Late Pleistocene-Holocene history. Volcanic activity has been intense during the last 10 000 years. Therefore, the valleys at the NE foothills of the volcano, covered by air-fall ejecta and drained by the runoff of the glaciers, became very attractive to ancient inhabitants of the Xalizintla Valley (XV) west of Puebla City, because of fertility of soils. The XV was occupied by humans about 2000 years ago who witnessed five events related to volcanic activity related to Popo. These events, described in this paper, are being taken into account for volcanic risk evaluation since several towns with a population of more than 23 000 people reoccupied again the Xalizintla Valley.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Black money (undisclosed foreign income and assets) and imposition of tax Act 2015 enacted.", "evidence": "Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015 is an Act of the Parliament of India. It aims to curb black money, or undisclosed foreign assets and income and imposes tax and penalty on such income. The Act has been passed by both the Houses of the Parliament. The Act has received the assent of the President of India on 26 May 2015.[1][2] It came into effect from 1 July 2015. [...] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ \"Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015\" (PDF). 26 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015. [...] - ^ a b c d e f g h \"BLACK MONEY (UNDISCLOSED FOREIGN INCOME AND ASSETS) AND IMPOSITION OF TAX ACT, 2015;\". www.incometaxindia.gov.in. Retrieved 7 September 2018.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The recent blast in UP\u2019s Bulandshahr occurred at a Muslim man\u2019s house named Mohammad Shafiq", "evidence": "Bulandshahr violence LIVE UPDATES: Martyred Policeman\u2019s sister says Subodh Singh was killed because he was investigating Akhlaq's case [...] Here's What Happened In Bulandshahr - [...] BulandshahrRead all breaking news in English first on ABP News. For everything on Bollywood, Sports, Covid-19 Vaccine updates read the most reliable English news website, ABP News \u0964 For more related stories, follow: News in English", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Government has provided for integrated development and management of fisheries with an outlay of Rs. 3000 crores.", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes claims about fish production in the country. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Government has provided for integrated development and management of fisheries with an outlay of Rs. 3000 crores.", "evidence": "The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries has restructured the scheme by merging all the ongoing schemes under an umbrella of Blue Revolution. The restructured scheme provides focused development and management of fisheries, covering inland fisheries, aquaculture, marine fisheries including deep sea fishing, mariculture and all activities undertaken by the National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB). The restructured Plan Scheme on Blue Revolution - Integrated Development and Management of Fisheries has been approved at a total central outlay of Rs 3000 crore for implementation during a period of five years (2015-16 to 2019-20). [...] Key components of the Scheme:1. National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) and its activities 2. Development of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture 3. Development of Marine Fisheries, Infrastructure and Post-Harvest Operations 4. Strengthening of Database & Geographical Information System of the Fisheries Sector 5. Institutional Arrangement for Fisheries Sector 6. Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS) and other need-based Interventions 7. National Scheme of Welfare of Fishermen", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Government has provided for integrated development and management of fisheries with an outlay of Rs. 3000 crores.", "evidence": "An Umbrella Scheme \u2018Blue Revolution: Integrated Development and Management of Fisheries\u2019with an Outlay of Rs. 3000 crore Proposed- Radha Mohan Singh \"World Fisheries Day- 2015 Inaugurated\" Union Agriculture and Farmers welfare Minister Shri Radha Mohan Singh today here inaugurate the \"World fisheries Day-2015\". Shri Singh on the occasion said that \"considering the importance and growth potential of the sector, and considering the need for effective implementation of different schemes, the Ministry by merging all the existing schemes, has proposed to formulate an umbrella scheme \u2018Blue Revolution: Integrated Development and Management of Fisheries\u2019 with an outlay of Rs. 3000 crore. This umbrella scheme will cover inland fisheries, aquaculture, marine fisheries including deep sea fishing, mari-culture and all activities undertaken by the National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) towards realizing \"Blue Revolution\". Minister further said that a \"focused approach of this nature shall lead to ushering in Blue Revolution through an integrated development and management of fisheries and aquaculture sector and would ensure sustained acceleration and intensification of fish production beyond the projected annual growth rate.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Consuming food items containing the label of Apeel will cause sickness as they have toxic mono and diglycerides", "evidence": "Remarkably, Apeel is even found on organic produce in the United States, and according to the company's website, it cannot be washed off. While regulatory bodies in various countries have approved Apeel's product for use on fresh produce, including organic items meant to be free from industrial contamination, many remain unconvinced of its safety. Apeel's own FDA documents reveal that the manufacturing process involves toxic heavy metals and solvents, which can accumulate in the human body over time and contribute to numerous health conditions including chronic illness. [...] Apeel is composed of \"food-grade mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids derived from plants.\" The FDA categorizes monoglycerides as \"generally recognized as safe\" (GRAS) food additives and ingredients, indicating that they do not pose an immediate health risk. Currently, food producers typically use monoglycerides and diglycerides in small quantities, making it difficult to determine the impact of consuming large amounts of these fats on human health. Monoglycerides contain small traces of trans fats, which occur naturally in various types of meat, dairy, and, to a lesser extent, plant- or nut-based oils. While small amounts of trans fats are not concerning, consuming significant quantities of trans fats has been linked to an increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Visuals showing a Dalit girl being beaten for bathing in river and contaminating the water", "evidence": "These visuals are related to an old incident from 2021 wherein two sisters from a tribal community in Pipalwa village of Dhar district, MP were beaten brutally by their family members for talking to their maternal uncle\u2019s sons on the phone. The incident took place in July 2021 and there is no caste discrimination associated to the incident. Hence, the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Over the last 4 years, almost one crore houses have been constructed in rural and urban India.", "evidence": "The government published an infographic titled \u2018New momentum for new India\u2019 on the 48-months portal. It makes two claims regarding construction of houses and distribution of LED lights. The following article is a fact check of these claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The ancient rock carvings show modern-day technologies like computers, Astronaut suits and bicycles, etc. which suggests that our ancestors are more technologically advanced than us", "evidence": "Scientists have long pointed to changes in climate, such as the onset of wet or dry periods, as the key driving force behind the adaptation of our early ancestors. The new study puts this idea to the test by examining a detailed record of environmental changes over almost a million years, etched into a 456-foot-long core of sediment layers extracted from an ancient lake. [...] Windows into our ancient ancestors\u2019 lives at this time reveal they were surprisingly advanced for such an early date. Their tools were diverse and much more compact, including small triangular stone points that could have been used as projectiles. \"Things start out big and clunky and they become small and portable,\" Potts says of the shift. \"It\u2019s like the history of technology ever since.\" [...] With resources scarce or in flux, ancient humans were likely forced to travel farther away from familiar lands, she notes. \"Did that lead to them discovering different types of resources? Did that lead to increased cooperation with other groups to survive? Did it lead to advances in technology to help them eke out a living?\" Krueger wonders. \"These are the questions this study is exploring.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The ancient rock carvings show modern-day technologies like computers, Astronaut suits and bicycles, etc. which suggests that our ancestors are more technologically advanced than us", "evidence": "We often think about our distant ancestors as primitive, equipped with the crudest of tools and a limited set of skills. But more often than not, we are terribly mistaken. Ancient civilizations are usually underestimated. History shows us that they repeatedly demonstrated incredible ingenuity and engineering prowess, even in the most distant past. From the stone age to the advent of metallurgy, these cultures thrived despite all. But still, certain ancient innovations and technologies remain a great enigma, as they cannot be replicated and fully understood. The mystery of ancient engineering challenges modern perception of the world\u2019s first civilizations. Were they smarter than we think? [...] The exact process through which the Romans created such advanced art pieces remains a mystery, especially since nanotechnology was only understood by modern science in the 20th century. All this tells us that ancient artisans certainly possessed knowledge and techniques that were much more advanced than we first thought. [...] These ten incredible feats of ancient engineering are proof enough that our distant ancestors were much more sophisticated than we first thought. What is more, they definitely had an eye for art and magnificence and spared no effort or expense in order to create them.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The ancient rock carvings show modern-day technologies like computers, Astronaut suits and bicycles, etc. which suggests that our ancestors are more technologically advanced than us", "evidence": "This is still hard for some skeptical writers and observers to believe. They insist that the primitive methods used by early modern and ancient Egyptian stone masons were not enough and that it must have been with more advanced equipment that the ancient Egyptians bored through solid granite. They argue that this is evidence that the ancient Egyptians and other civilizations were much more technologically sophisticated than is currently believed. While it is possible that more advanced technologies could have been developed by earlier civilizations then anticipated, there does not appear to be much reliable evidence to support this idea. If the ancient Egyptians did cut through granite with equipment such as electric drills or lasers or similarly advanced technology, these hewn granite slabs are the only evidence for it that we have. So far, there is no indisputable evidence of physical remains of electrical batteries or wires or anything else that would suggest that the ancient Egyptians used technology that was more advanced than what is expected for that period. [...] There is one case which some proponents of the idea that ancient Egypt was more advanced than contemporary archaeology would suggest - evidence that the ancient Egyptians used light bulbs. The temple of Hathor at the Dendera complex in Egypt contains several stone reliefs that appear to some observers to be a light bulb.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Domestic air passengers crossed 100 million for the first time.", "evidence": "- India is now the third largest aviation market - Passenger traffic growth is in the range of 18-20% over the past three years - More people have travelled in airplanes than in AC trains for the first time - Domestic air passengers crossed 100 million in 2017 - A National Civil Aviation Policy was unveiled in 2016 [...] Claim 4: Domestic Air Passengers Crossed 100 Million in 2017 As noted earlier, the data from DGCA indicates that, in 2017, the number of passengers carried by domestic airlines was 1171.76 lakh, or over 117 million.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "FDI equity flow has gone up by 47%.", "evidence": "ECONOMY: India FDI Equity Inflows Grow By 47.8% YoY In Q1FY25 [...] On the back of the strong performance of the services sector, computer hardware and software, trading and telecommunications, India\u2019s foreign direct investment (FDI) equity inflows in the first quarter of the current financial year reported a year-on-year (YoY) increase of 47.8 per cent. As per the data from the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), the FDI equity inflows in the country in Q1FY25 increased to USD 16.17 billion. The total FDI inflows in India increased by 28 per cent YoY to USD 22.49 billion in Q1FY25. The FDI equity inflow was USD 10.9 billion during the corresponding quarter a year ago. The FDI equity inflows in the country reported a dip of 3 per cent YoY in FY 23-24 as the figure fell to USD 44.42 billion in FY 23-24 as compared with USD 46.03 billion in FY 22-23, the data revealed.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "FDI equity flow has gone up by 47%.", "evidence": "Data on the foreign direct investment (FDI) positions of American companies are also analyzed. Examining FDI data allows for an indirect investigation into the degree of profit shifting. The FDI data show that the same seven tax haven countries accounted for nearly half (47%) of the worldwide FDI position of the United States. The data also show that an increasing share of FDI is being held via holding companies. The report discusses that some of the increased use of holding companies may be tax motivated. Lastly, data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the United Nations (UN) on the location of the FDI positions of all countries indicate that profit shifting is likely an international issue. [...] Shown in Figure 3 are the 10 countries with the largest positions of U.S. FDI. American MNCs are reporting a significant share of their FDI as occurring in tax-preferred countries. The seven tax-preferred countries -- Netherlands, Luxembourg, Bermuda, Ireland, United Kingdom Caribbean Islands, Singapore, and Switzerland -- accounted for 47% of the FDI positions of American companies, compared to 24% for the three larger industrialized nations of the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Perhaps most interesting is that the Netherlands, while only a fraction of the economic size, holds more American FDI than Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom.20 FDI flow data (or change in FDI over a given point of time) show similar type patterns.21", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "This song is an anthem created by the New Zealand government", "evidence": "New Zealand National Anthem - God Defend New Zealand [Full Version] [...] New Zealand National Anthem - God Defend New Zealand [...] Translations of \"New Zealand National...\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "3000 Jan Aushadhi Kendras for cheaper medicines resulting in savings of around 50%.", "evidence": "Background: With a view to achieve the objective of making available quality generic medicines at affordable prices to all, \u2018Jan Aushadhi Scheme\u2019 was launched by the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of India in November 2008 across the country. The Scheme is being implemented through an agency namely Bureau of Pharma PSUs of India (BPPI), Gurgaon, Haryana which is working under administrative control of Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of India. [...] \"Making quality medicines available at affordable prices has been a key challenge. We will reinvigorate the supply of generic drugs. 3,000 Stores under Prime Minister\u2019s Jan Aushadhi Yojana will be opened during 2017.\" [...] The scheme is to reach every poor of the country. As a future expansion plan of PMBJKs in the country, the Ministry of Railways has also come on board to open Janaushadhi Kendra at over 1000 railway stations across the country in collaboration with the Ministry. The Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers has sent an advisory to all State Governments to open PMBJKs in every District headquarters, Tehsil / Block and bus stands etc. to increase the reach of affordable medicines to the poor and underprivileged citizens of the country.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Income eligibility has been raised from 2 lakh rupees to 2.5 lakh rupees for the pre-metric scholarship for SC students.", "evidence": "The second claim is that income eligibility has been raised from Rs. 44,500 to Rs. 2.5 lakh rupees for the pre-matric scholarship for OBCs. The Ministry\u2019s 2016-17 annual report mentions that the pre-matric scholarships are awarded to students belonging to OBCs whose parent\u2019s income from all sources does not exceed Rs. 44,500 per annum. However, the 2017-18 annual report of the Ministry mentions the annual income limit as Rs. [...] The third claim is that income eligibility has been raised from Rs. 2 lakh to Rs. According to the annual report 2017-18 of the ministry of social justice and empowerment, \u2018In order to include more beneficiaries, income eligibility criteria for Pre-Matric Scholarships for Scheduled Castes Students studying in Class IX and X was raised from Rs. 2.00 Lakh to Rs. 2.5 Lakh, at par with Post-matric scholarship for next three years i.e. 2017-18 to 2019-20.\" [...] Fact: Income eligibility criteria for Pre-Matric Scholarships for Scheduled Castes Students studying in Class IX and X was raised from Rs. 2 Lakh to Rs. Hence, the claim is TRUE.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Apart from American officials and politicians, the official White House Twitter account follows only Indian Prime Minister Modi, the Indian President, and an Indian Embassy official", "evidence": "The White House Wednesday explained why its Twitter handle had 'unfollowed' the Twitter accounts of President Ram Nath Kovind, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister's office, the Indian Embassy in the US, the US Embassy in India and the US Ambassador to India, Ken Juster. [...] During President Donald Trump's visit to India in the last week of February, the official Twitter handle of the White House -- @WhiteHouse -- had started 'following' the accounts of President Ram Nath Kovind, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister's office, the Indian Embassy in the US, the US Embassy in India and the US Ambassador to India, Ken Juster. [...] The official was responding to a question on the reasons for the White House 'following' and then 'unfollowing' the Twitter handles of President Kovind, Prime Minister Modi, the PMO and the other Indian officials.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Apart from American officials and politicians, the official White House Twitter account follows only Indian Prime Minister Modi, the Indian President, and an Indian Embassy official", "evidence": "During President Donald Trump's visit to India in the last week of February, the official Twitter handle of the White House- @WhiteHouse- had started 'following' the accounts of President Ram Nath Kovind, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister's office, the Indian Embassy in the US, the US Embassy in India and the US Ambassador to India, Ken Juster. [...] The official was responding to a question on the reasons for the White House 'following' and then 'unfollowing' the Twitter handles of President Kovind, Prime Minister Modi, the PMO and the other Indian officials. The White House 'unfollowing' the Twitter accounts of President Kovind and PM Modi drew reactions on social media in India.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Government is giving an allowance of Rs 3,000 per month to unemployed youth under the Pradhan Mantri Berojgari Bhatta Yojana", "evidence": "A video claiming that the Union government is providing an allowance of Rs 3,000 per month to the unemployed youth of India under the \"Pradhan Mantri Berojgari Bhatta Yojana\" is being widely shared on social media platforms. This is misleading. The Union government does not provide a nationwide scheme under the said title. [...] BOOM checked Union government websites and Press Information Bureau (PIB) reports to verify the claim. We did not find any official website run by Union government with the name \"Pradhan Mantri Berojgari Bhatta Yojana\" providing monthly unemployment allowances to the youth of the country. [...] Further, the Chhattisgarh's Berojgari Bhatta Yojana scheme and West Bengal's Yuwasree 2023 provides eligible candidates an allowance of Rs 2,500 and Rs 1,500 per month, respectively. The eligibility criteria for these schemes is between 18-35 years of age.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Since independence, we had 75 operational airports, UDAN added 25 airports just since December 2016.", "evidence": "An infographic published on the 48-Months portal of the Modi government makes certain claims about air travel and waterways. The following article is a fact check of the four claims made in this infographic.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "More than 3000 stores of affordable medicines with PM bharatiya janaushadi kendras.", "evidence": "With an objective of making quality generic medicines available at affordable prices to all, Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) was launched by the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of India in November, 2008. The target of opening 3000 Kendras was achieved in December 2017. Further, a revised target of total 6000 outlets was also achieved in March, 2020. In this journey, the number of Kendras have now increased to 9000 from 8610 in the last financial year. Hence, the Government has deepened the reach of PMBJP with more than 9000 stores covering 743 out of 766 districts across the country. The Government has set a target to increase the number of Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Kendras (PMBJKs) to 10,000 by March 2024. The product basket of PMBJP comprises 1759 medicines and 280 surgical devices covering all major therapeutic groups such as Cardiovascular, Anti-cancers, Anit-diabetics, Anti-infectives, Anti-allergic, Gastro-intestinal medicines, Nutraceuticals, etc. In addition to this, various nutraceutical products like Protein Powder, Malt-based Food Supplements, etc. and some AYUSH products like Ayuraksha Kit, Balraksha Kit and Ayush-64 tablet as Immunity boosters have been added in the product basket of the Pariyojana.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "More than 3000 stores of affordable medicines with PM bharatiya janaushadi kendras.", "evidence": "New Delhi, Feb 10 () The government is committed to end domination of 'medicine mafia' in many parts of the country for which it will push for opening 3,000 Jan Aushadhi Kendra by March to provide quality drugs at affordable prices, Chemicals and Fertilisers Minister Ananth Kumar said today.New Delhi, Feb 10 () The government is committed to end domination of 'medicine mafia' in many parts of the country for which it will push for opening 3,000 Jan Aushadhi Kendra by March to provide quality drugs at affordable prices, Chemicals and Fertilisers Minister Ananth Kumar said today. Under the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Pariyojana, a scheme launched in 2008, the government has so far opened 777 Jan Aushadhi stores where more than 600 medicines and 150 medical devices are sold. The Bureau of Pharma PSUs of India (BPPI) is the nodal implementation agency for this programme. [...] The minister noted that the price of generic medicines sold in the Janaushadhi Kendras is significantly lower than the rates of branded medicines and the quality of medicines is 'WHO compliant'.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Rs. 2000 crore for agri-market infrastructure fund set up.", "evidence": "Gramin Agricultural Market (GrAMs) [...] Inthe Union Budget 2018-19announcement it was stated that theexisting 22,000 rural haatswould be developed and upgradedinto Gramin Agricultural Markets (GrAMs). In these GrAMs, physical infrastructure will be strengthened using MGNREGS and other Government Schemes.[i] [...] - Government has announced to set up of an Agri-Market Infrastructure Fund with a corpus of Rs. 2000 crore for developing and upgrading agricultural marketing infrastructure in the 22000 Gramin Agricultural Markets (GrAMs) and 585 Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs).[ix] This fund will be utilized for development of GrAMs (Rs. 1000 crore) and strengthening/promotion of eNAM (Rs. 1000 crore).[x]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Rs. 2000 crore for agri-market infrastructure fund set up.", "evidence": "Rs.2000 Crore fund to be set up for developing and upgrading agricultural marketing infrastructure in the 22000 grams and 585 APMCS [...] Shri Jaitley said that in the last Budget, the Government had announced strengthening of e-NAM and to expand coverage of e-NAM to 585 APMCs. Out of that, 470 APMCs have been connected to e-NAM network and rest will be connected by March, 2018. Further, an Agri-Market Infrastructure Fund with a corpus of Rs.2000 crore will be set up for developing and upgrading agricultural marketing infrastructure in the 22000 Grameen Agricultural Markets (GrAMs) and 585 APMCs, the Minister informed. [...] Announcing a major step to help small and marginal farmers in fisheries and animal husbandry sector to meet their working capital needs, the Finance Minister extended the facility of Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) to the sector. This would give benefit of crop loan and interest subvention, so far available to agriculture sector only under KCC, for rearing of cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep poultry and fisheries. Further, the Finance Minister also announced setting up of a Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FAIDF) for fisheries sector and an Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF) for financing infrastructure requirement of animal husbandry sector. Total Corpus of these two new Funds would be Rs.10,000 crore.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "More than 19 crore people have been insured against life and accident risk or ensured pension.", "evidence": "The government has published an infographic that makes certain claims about financial inclusion and insurance. Here is a fact check of these claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Department of Fertilizers has made it mandatory for all the indigenous producers of urea to produce 100% of their total production of subsidized urea as Neem Coated Urea (NCU)", "evidence": "Government Initiatives and Schemes - Neem Coating of Urea: The Department of Fertilizers (DoF) has made it mandatory for all the domestic producers to produce 100% urea as Neem Coated Urea (NCU). - New Urea Policy (NUP) 2015: Objectives of the policy are- - To maximize indigenous urea production. [...] - It aims at ensuring the balanced use of fertilizers, improving agricultural productivity, promoting the growth of the indigenous fertilizers industry and also reducing the burden of Subsidy.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre (ISLRTC) established.", "evidence": "Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre (ISLRTC) is an autonomous organization established under Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860, (Registration Number S/1440/2016), under the aegis of Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (Divyangjan) under Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India, New Delhi. It was established on 28th September 2015. [...] Training Session on ISL ISLRTC organized online training session on Indian Sign Language on\u2026", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre (ISLRTC) established.", "evidence": "In a world where communication is key to inclusion and participation, the Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre (ISLRTC) stands as a beacon of hope and progress for the deaf community in India. Established to promote the use and development of Indian Sign Language (ISL), ISLRTC plays a pivotal role in enhancing accessibility and inclusion for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. This blog delves into the mission, initiatives, and impact of ISLRTC in promoting accessibility through Indian Sign Language. The Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre was established in 2011 under the aegis of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. The primary objective of ISLRTC is to promote the use of Indian Sign Language as a medium of communication and to ensure its development through research, training, and standardization. By doing so, ISLRTC aims to empower the deaf community and foster an inclusive society where communication barriers are minimized. [...] The Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre (ISLRTC) is at the forefront of promoting accessibility and inclusion through Indian Sign Language. Its comprehensive approach, encompassing research, training, standardization, and advocacy, has significantly advanced the rights and opportunities of the deaf community in India. As ISLRTC continues to grow and evolve, its efforts will undoubtedly lead to a more inclusive and equitable society where communication barriers are a thing of the past.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Amartya Sen was involved in gross irregularities and land grab during his tenure at visva-Bharati university in West Bengal", "evidence": "Kolkata: Amid the controversy over Nobel laureate Amartya Sen's family being in \"illegal\" possession of land in Visva-Bharati campus, the central university on Saturday demanded that the West Bengal government measure the plot to resolve the issue. [...] A controversy had erupted on December 24 last year, the day Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the centenary celebrations of Visva-Bharati, when media reported that the university has written to the West Bengal government alleging dozens of land parcels owned by it were wrongfully recorded in the names of private parties including Mr Sen. [...] Stating that the Visva-Bharati authorities had never complained to him or his family about any irregularity in holding the land, Mr Sen has accused the VC of acting at the behest of the Centre \"with its growing control over Bengal\".", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Hyderabad Police warned the public against contamination of cool drinks with the Ebola virus", "evidence": "Neither the Hyderabad police nor the Government of India has issued any such advisory alerting about the contamination of cool drinks with Ebola virus. This has been confirmed by clarifications from both the Hyderabad police and PIB. Additionally, there are no reports suggesting such contamination. Hence, the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Winter Session of Parliament postponed in 2011 during UPA rule", "evidence": "<p class=\"bodytext\">The government will call the Winter Session of Parliament in December and its dates will be announced soon, Parliamentary Affairs Minister Ananth Kumar said on Tuesday while citing precedents during the UPA rule to reject the Congress' allegations of \"delay\".</p>.<p class=\"bodytext\">Kumar said the opposition party is suffering from \"selective amnesia\" as during the Congress-led UPA rule, Winter Sessions were held in December 2008 and December 2013.</p>.<p class=\"bodytext\">\"Usually, care is taken not to overlap the Parliament session with Assembly elections.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Congress Party is celebrating after China blocked India\u2019s bid to designate Jaish-e-Mohammad chief Masood Azhar as a global terrorist in the UN Security Council.", "evidence": "China blocks India\u2019s move to ban Jaish chief Masood Azhar, again China said on Saturday its technical hold on India\u2019s move to get Pakistan-based Jaish-e-Mohammed chief Masood Azhar designated as a terrorist by the United Nations has \"been extended\", days before the expiry of the hold. Ties between India and China are set to take a hit after Beijing on Saturday said it has extended the decision to block New Delhi\u2019s appeal to the United Nations to label Pakistan-based Jaish-e-Mohammed chief Masood Azhar a terrorist.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Congress Party is celebrating after China blocked India\u2019s bid to designate Jaish-e-Mohammad chief Masood Azhar as a global terrorist in the UN Security Council.", "evidence": "JeM, designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organisation in 2001, has at least several hundred armed supporters - including a large cadre of former HuM members - located in Pakistan, southern Kashmir and Doda regions and in the Valley. [...] June 6: From a confidential cable dated August 21, 2009 sent by the American Embassy in Beijing to Washington, it has come to light that Chinese authorities had place a technical hold on an Indian request to impose sanctions on three high-ranking Pakistan-based operatives of the Laskhar-e-Toiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM). According to the cable, the Indian request to list three militants, namely, Abdul Rahman Makki (brother of LeT/JuD leader Hafiz Saeed and the number two man in the LeT hierarchy), Azam Cheema (LeT intelligence chief and a key advisor of its senior leader Zaki-ur-Rahman Lakhvi) and Mohammad Masood Azhar Alvi (the founder of the JeM) under the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1267 was vetoed by China on the grounds of lack of sufficient information to merit such action. According to the U.S. State Department, China's hold on listing the three terrorists was done at the behest of Pakistan [...] The US Secretary of State redesignates the Jaish-e-Mohammed as a Foreign Terrorist Organization.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Congress Party is celebrating after China blocked India\u2019s bid to designate Jaish-e-Mohammad chief Masood Azhar as a global terrorist in the UN Security Council.", "evidence": "Pictures in the post are old images which correspond to the Congress party\u2018s celebrations after its victory on different occasions. Hence the claim mentioned in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "JANSIO Threanic Triple-Spin Ring would help in substantial weight loss", "evidence": "A Facebook post promoting the product \u2018JANSIO Threanic Triple-Spin Ring\u2019 is being shared on social media claiming that wearing the ring would cause substantial weight loss. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] The product website claims that the ring is entirely magnetized and the electromagnetic charge released by it will remove blockages in the body thus causing weight reduction. However, according to the Federal Trade Commission(FTC), products worn on the body or applied to the skin do not cause substantial weight loss. According to a cautionary guide released by FTC, several experts suggest that products like rings, patches, creams etc clarified that these products do not help in losing weight. [...] To sum it up, there is no evidence to suggest that wearing a magnetized ring will help in substantial weight loss.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "JANSIO Threanic Triple-Spin Ring would help in substantial weight loss", "evidence": "GEOBY JANSIO Threanic Triple-Spin Ring (Adjustable Ring), Threanic Triple-Spin Ring, JANSIO Ring For Weight Loss, JANSIO Rings, Feelief Zirconica Triple Fidget Ring, Open Anti Anxiety Ring (C) [...] ACTION 1. Fidget Toy JANSIO Threanic Triple-Spin Ring JANSIO Triple Spin Ring for Weight Loss,Feelief Zirconica Triple Fidget Ring,Vikanda Thermogenic Moissanite Spinner Ring,Rings Anti Anxiety Ring (Silver) [...] Get It From Amazon Now: Check Price on Amazon & FREE Returns 4. GEOBY JANSIO Threanic Triple-Spin Ring (Adjustable Ring) Threanic Triple-Spin Ring, JANSIO Ring For Weight Loss, JANSIO Rings, Feelief Zirconica Triple Fidget Ring, Open Anti Anxiety Ring (C)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "JANSIO Threanic Triple-Spin Ring would help in substantial weight loss", "evidence": "There is no evidence to suggest that magnetic rings, or similar magnetic devices, aid in weight loss. Also, according to Federal Trade Commission, \u2018Nothing you can wear or apply to your skin will cause you to lose weight\u2019. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "ongress President Rahul Gandhi and his party leaders Shatrughan Sinha, Navjot Singh Sidhu and West Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee are in the same pic with Pakistan\u2019s PM Imran Khan and its Army Chief Qamar Javed Bajwa", "evidence": "Shatrughan Sinha's meeting with Rahul Gandhi confirmed what had been brewing for days. (PTI) Highlights - Shatrughan Sinha met Congress President Rahul Gandhi - Rahul Gandhi was very encouraging and positive: Shatrughan Sinha - I consider Nehru-Gandhis nation builder: Shatrughan Sinha New Delhi: Actor-turned-politician Shatrughan Sinha, who refused to quit the BJP for years despite a relationship best described as \"complicated\", has finally decided to join the Congress. His meeting with Congress president Rahul Gandhi on Thursday and their photo together confirmed what had been brewing for days. Later, he tweeted that he was \"painfully, on the way out of BJP\".", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "ongress President Rahul Gandhi and his party leaders Shatrughan Sinha, Navjot Singh Sidhu and West Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee are in the same pic with Pakistan\u2019s PM Imran Khan and its Army Chief Qamar Javed Bajwa", "evidence": "A post with the picture showing Rahul Gandhi, Mamata Banerjee, Navjot Sidhu and Shatrughan Sinha with the Pak PM and its Army Chief is being shared by many Facebook users. In the post, it was written that voting for Congress was like voting for Pakistan. Let\u2019s try to analyze the authenticity of the picture posted. [...] On doing the Google reverse image search, the photo was found in the \u2018ARY NEWS\u2019 article dated Apr 4, 2019 with the title \"Army Chief calls on PM Khan, discusses security-related matters\". The image in this article is photoshopped to show as if Rahul Gandhi, Shatrughan Sinha, Navjot Singh Sidhu and Mamata Banerjee are with Pakistan\u2019s PM and its Army Chief. Hence, the picture showing Rahul Gandhi, Mamata Banerjee, Navjot Sidhu and Shatrughan Sinha with the Pak PM and its Army Chief is a photoshopped one.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "More than 6 lakh high risk pregnancies identified under Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan", "evidence": "Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan-PMSMA - The program aims to provide assured, comprehensive and quality antenatal care, free of cost, universally to all pregnant women on the 9th of every month. PMSMA guarantees a minimum package of antenatal care services to women in their 2nd / 3rd trimesters of pregnancy at designated government health facilities. [...] - The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan has been rolled out in all States/ UTs. [...] - More than 2.70 lakh high risk pregnancies have been identified under PMSMA.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "mages showing the technological upgrades in the Indian Railways before and after the BJP government in the country", "evidence": "How has technology changed the Indian Railways and made it better \u2013 Explained [...] Indian Railways, the world's third-largest train network, has experienced considerable expansion and change since its founding in 1853. The industry's brains have shown great achievements in the fields of speedier services and passenger safety, from employing ecologically beneficial accommodations for passengers to operating an engine-less train. Much of the credit goes to technological advancements, which have enhanced systems, infrastructure, and signalling, giving rail travel new significance. Let's take a look at how technology has benefited in the recent upgrading of the train travel sector. [...] The Indian Railways` new diesel locomotives are now outfitted with GPS devices to monitor their health. The entire system is equipped with a GPS receiver, processor panel, onboard sensor, and other components to capture and process data via GPRS service, which is then sent to a central server for further processing. The Indian Railways also employs REMMLOT technology to track train arrival and departure times.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "mages showing the technological upgrades in the Indian Railways before and after the BJP government in the country", "evidence": "A collage of images is being shared on social media claiming it to be pictures comparing the technological advancements in the Indian Railways before and after the BJP government in the country. The first photo shows railway staff cleaning a platform manually using mops, whereas, the second picture shows the staff using machinery for sweeping the platform. Comparing the pictures, this post claims it as the testimony of \u2018Ache Din\u2019 in the country. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] Fact: Both the pictures shared in the post were taken in 2020 during the BJP government in the country. The first picture shows railway staff cleaning a platform at the Howrah Junction railway station after the nearly seven-week lockdown amid the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020. The other photo shows the staff cleaning a platform of Asansol railway station, as part of the \u2018Swachhta Saptah\u2019 in August 2020. Hence, the claim made in the post is FALSE. [...] To sum it up, these photos do not show the state of Indian Railways before and after the BJP government in the country.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "20 new super specialty AIIMS \u2013 like hospitals being set up", "evidence": "\u2022 Each new AIIMS will have 15-20 Super Specialty Departments. [...] Establishment of new AIIMS involves creation of Hospital, Teaching Block for medical & nursing courses, residential complex and allied facilities/services, broadly on the pattern of AIIMS, New Delhi and other six new AIIMS taken up under Phase-I of PMSSY. The objective is to establish the new AIIMS as Institutions of National Importance for providing quality tertiary healthcare, medical education, nursing education and research in the Region. [...] Setting up of new AIIMS would not only transform health education and training but also address the shortfall of health care professionals in the region. The establishment of new AIIMS will serve the dual purpose of providing super speciality health care to the population while also help create a large pool of doctors and other health workers in this region that can be available for primary and secondary level institutions / facilities being created under National Health Mission (NHM). Construction of new AIIMS is fully funded by the Central Government. The Operations & Maintenance expenses on new AIIMS are also fully borne by the Central Government.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "20 new super specialty AIIMS \u2013 like hospitals being set up", "evidence": "The annual report (2017-18) of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW) states that \u2018the Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) has been launched with the objective of correcting regional imbalances in the availability of affordable/reliable tertiary healthcare services and to also augment facilities for quality medical education in the country. PMSSY has two components \u2013 setting up of AIIMS like institutions and up-gradation of existing State Government Medical Colleges/ Institutions and is being taken up in phased manner. Upgradation programme broadly envisages improving health infrastructure through construction of Super Specialty Blocks/Trauma centres etc. and procurement of medical equipment for existing as well as new facilities on Central and State share basis. In first phase of PMSSY, six AIIMS one each at Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Jodhpur, Patna, Raipur and Rishikesh and up-gradation of 13 existing State Government Medical Colleges/Institutions(GMCIs) have been taken up. Under Phase-II of PMSSY, AIIMS at Rae Bareli and up-gradation of 6 is being taken up\u2019. [...] The first claim is that \u201820 new super specialty AIIMS \u2013 like hospitals being set up\u2019. [...] Fact: Six AIIMS-like institutions have been setup under the PMSSY scheme and are functioning, all of which were approved during the UPA. The current government approved setting up of 15 new AIIMS like institutions in these 5 years. Hence the claim is MISLEADING.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "20 new super specialty AIIMS \u2013 like hospitals being set up", "evidence": "The Union Cabinet has given nod for setting up 20 super-speciality All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIM S)-- like hospitals and also upgradation of 73 medical colleges at a cost of Rs 14,832 crore. [...] The construction of the new AIIMS will be fully funded by the Central government. It will also bear the operation and maintenance expenses of these facilities.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "12.68 crore soil health cards have been distributed. This is the combined population of Germany and Spain.", "evidence": "The Union government has distributed 11.69 crore soil health cards in the last two years under a scheme that enables the country\u2019s farmers to understand the soil health parameters and improve productivity. The soil health card scheme was launched by the Narendra Modi government to tackle a fall in soil nutrients. The use of soil health card has led to an 8-10% decline in the use of chemical fertilizers and raised productivity by 5-6%, according to a National Productivity Council study. Under the phase I of the scheme, the central government had distributed 10.74 crore cards between 2015 and 2017. The states have been sanctioned 429 static labs, 102 new mobile labs, 8,752 mini labs and 1,562 village-level laboratories apart from strengthening the 800 existing labs. [...] The government is implementing Development of Model Villages, a pilot project for sampling and testing of soil in partnership with farmers in the current fiscal year. A model village is selected for collection and analysis of soil samples. At least 13.53 lakh soil health cards have been distributed under the scheme in 2019-20. The state governments will undertake the analysis of soil composition in every two years to take remedial steps to improve soil quality. The farmers can track soil samples and soil health card reports.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "An auto driver was thrashed for voting for the BJP in the recently held assembly elections in Karnataka", "evidence": "BHOPAL: A Muslim woman was thrashed by relatives brutally for voting for the party of her preference in the recently concluded elections. The incident took place in Barkheda Hasan village in Sehore district and the victim was identified as Samina. According to reports, it was Samina\u2019s brother-in-law Javed Khan who unleashed the attack on Samina, for her liking towards the BJP. While responding to the media, Samina said she was tortured by her in-laws with slaps and punches just for voting for BJP. Samina said she voted for BJP after getting benefitted from Shivraj Singh Chouhan\u2019s vanity project \u2018Ladli Behna Yojana\u2018, which promises a monthly stipend of Rs 1,250 to eligible women. This has also been touted as the one single project that helped the BJP win the anti-incumbency wave in MP. [...] On December 4, Javed Khan reached her residence and started abusing her which later morphed into physical assaults. Samina justified that she voted according to her conscience, but was thrashed by Javed and his wife.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The payment of wages (amendment) act 2017 is empowering workers", "evidence": "Labour - The Payment of Wages (Amendment) Bill, 2017 was introduced in Lok Sabha on February 3, 2017 by the Minister of Labour and Employment, Mr. Bandaru Dattatreya. The Bill amends the Payment of Wages Act, 1936. - The Bill replaces the Payment of Wages Ordinance, 2016 which was promulgated on December 28, 2016. [...] - The Bill amends the 1936 Act to permit the employer to pay an employee\u2019s wages: (i) in coin or currency notes; or (ii) by cheque; or (iii) by crediting them into his bank account. The Bill removes the requirement of obtaining written authorisation for payment of wages by cheque or through a bank account.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The payment of wages (amendment) act 2017 is empowering workers", "evidence": "The Payment of Wages (Amendment) Bill, 2017 - The Payment of Wages (Amendment) Bill, 2017 was introduced in Lok Sabha on February 3, 2017 by the Minister of Labour and Employment, Mr. Bandaru Dattatreya. The Bill amends the Payment of Wages Act, 1936. - The Bill replaces the Payment of Wages Ordinance, 2016 which was promulgated on December 28, 2016. [...] - The Bill amends the 1936 Act to permit the employer to pay an employee\u2019s wages: (i) in coin or currency notes; or (ii) by cheque; or (iii) by crediting them into his bank account. The Bill removes the requirement of obtaining written authorisation for payment of wages by cheque or through a bank account.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A British nationalist and student of politics who covers the Indian elections, Mr. Brandon Davies claimed on Twitter that upon his analysis of 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014 elections, he could say that he had never seen a PM Candidate as stupid as Rahul Gandhi.", "evidence": "The man in the picture is a British sailor, George Mills. He died in a yacht accident that happened in South Africa on February 2, 2016. So, the recent tweet regarding Rahul Gandhi is from a fake twitter account created on the name of Brandon Davies using the pic of George Mills in its profile. Hence, the claim is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A British nationalist and student of politics who covers the Indian elections, Mr. Brandon Davies claimed on Twitter that upon his analysis of 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014 elections, he could say that he had never seen a PM Candidate as stupid as Rahul Gandhi.", "evidence": "It is alarming and also nauseating to see Mr Gandhi, a seditious Middle Temple lawyer, now posing as a fakir of a type well known in the East, striding half-naked up the steps of the Vice-regal palace....to parley on equal terms with the representative of the King-Emperor.[138] [...] Gandhi was the leading genius of the later, and ultimately successful, campaign for India's independence. [...] Gandhi is not only the greatest figure in India's history, but his influence is felt in almost every aspect of life and public policy.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A British nationalist and student of politics who covers the Indian elections, Mr. Brandon Davies claimed on Twitter that upon his analysis of 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014 elections, he could say that he had never seen a PM Candidate as stupid as Rahul Gandhi.", "evidence": "Epilogue -- [We need better statesmanship than Mr. Gandhi and Mr. [...] Gandhi could be so blind as not to see how Mr. Jinnah's influence over the Muslim masses has been growing day by day, and how he has engaged himself in mobilizing all his forces for battle. Never before was Mr. [...] Rahul Gandhi\u2019s willingness to write off Dalits in general and Jatavs in particular in UP by doing as little as possible to discipline", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Ratan Tata: \u201cIn a country, if Prime Minister\u2019s popularity increases due to the death of 65 soldiers, then nobody can save that country from getting destroyed\u201d", "evidence": "The tweet attributed to Ratan Tata is from a fake Twitter handle. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ratan Tata: \u201cIn a country, if Prime Minister\u2019s popularity increases due to the death of 65 soldiers, then nobody can save that country from getting destroyed\u201d", "evidence": "Ratan Naval Tata (born 28 December 1937) is an Indian industrialist, philanthropist and former chairman of Tata Sons. He was a chairman of the Tata Group from 1990 to 2012, and interim chairman from October 2016 through February 2017. He continues to head its charitable trusts.[2][3] In 2008, he received the Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian honour in India, after receiving the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian honour in 2000.[4] [...] Early life & education [edit]Ratan Tata was born in Bombay, now Mumbai, during the British Raj, into a Parsi Zoroastrian family, on 28 December 1937.[8] He is the son of Naval Tata, who was born in Surat and later adopted into the Tata family, and Sooni Tata, the niece of Tata group founder Jamsetji Tata. Tata's biological grandfather, Hormusji Tata, was a member of the Tata family by blood. In 1948, when Tata was 10, his parents separated, and he was subsequently raised and adopted by Navajbai Tata, his grandmother and widow of Ratanji Tata.[9] He has a younger brother Jimmy Tata[10] and a half-brother, Noel Tata, from Naval Tata's second marriage with Simone Tata, with whom he was raised.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Kuki tribes living in Manipur came from the Burma (Myanmar) as refugees and were later granted ST (Scheduled Tribe) quota in India in 1968", "evidence": "The Kukis are an ethnic group including multiple tribes originally inhabiting the Northeastern States of India, including Manipur, Mizoram and Assam; parts of Burma (now Myanmar), and Sylhet district and Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh. Zooming out into the present, when the State of Manipur has been the epicentre of widespread communal clashes since May 3, non-tribal Meitei organisations have described Kuki tribes as \"foreigners\" and \"illegal immigrants\". They are holding Kuki-Zomi groups responsible for the ethnic clashes that have claimed more than 120 lives and displaced more than 50,000 people. The Kuki-Zomi groups have denied the allegations, insisting the tribal communities have been systematically targeted for ethnic cleansing. They accuse BJP leader N. Biren Singh\u2019s Government of treating them as \"outsiders\". [...] Yet today, with sharpened ethnic differences, all three prominent groups in the State are vying for exclusivity, land, and political representation. This can in part be traced back to the fact that the concretisation of tribal identities and nomenclatures in the region happened during the time of the British, who did so for administrative convenience and to fit groups into the distinctions of \"civilised\" and \"uncivilised\". Notably, Kuki is not a term coined by the ethnic group itself, the tribes associated with it came to be generically called Kuki under the colonial rule, and were further divided by the British into \u2018old Kukis\u2019 and \u2018new Kukis\u2019.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Kuki tribes living in Manipur came from the Burma (Myanmar) as refugees and were later granted ST (Scheduled Tribe) quota in India in 1968", "evidence": "The letter does not mention the entire Kukis in Manipur as refugees. Previous letters related to the viral letter indicate that the District Commissioner of Manipur was implementing the humanitarian aid provided by the Indian Government to the Kukis of Myanmar, who were forced to flee to Manipur in 1967 during the Khadawmi operation in Myanmar. Moreover, the Kuki tribes were granted the ST status in India as early as 1950 and and they have existed in the Manipur kingdom for many centuries. Hence, the claim made in the post is MISLEADING.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Kuki tribes living in Manipur came from the Burma (Myanmar) as refugees and were later granted ST (Scheduled Tribe) quota in India in 1968", "evidence": "An image of a letter dated 1968 is currently being widely shared on social media platforms, claiming to show that the Kuki tribes living in Manipur came from the neighbouring country Burma (Myanmar) as refugees and were later granted ST (Scheduled Tribe) quota in India in 1968, allowing them to enjoy various advantages and perks. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] Fact: The letter does not mention the entire Kukis in Manipur as refugees. Previous letters related to the viral letter indicate that the District Commissioner of Manipur was implementing the humanitarian aid provided by the Indian Government to the Kukis of Myanmar, who were forced to flee to Manipur in 1967 during the Khadawmi operation in Myanmar. Moreover, the Kuki tribes were granted the ST status in India as early as 1950 and and they have existed in the Manipur kingdom for many centuries. Hence, the claim made in the post is MISLEADING.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "India\u2019s longest road tunnel, the Chenani \u2013 Nashri tunnel in Jammu is constructed", "evidence": "The Chenani \u2013 Nashri Tunnel (also known as Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel) is India\u2019s longest road tunnel completed in the Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir. The 9.2 km long road tunnel is a major road tunnel project in Northern India and the biggest of the country which includes (9 km Main Tunnel + 9 km Escape Tunnel + 1 km Cross Passage = total tunneling done is 19 km. The highest progress achieved in a Month from 4-Faces was 850 m which is a record in the Himalayan Tunnel by NATM. [...] - The construction cost of Chenani \u2013 Nashri Tunnel is Rs 3720 crore, the tunnel will reduce the distance between Jammu and Srinagar from 41 Km to 9.2 Km - 1500 Engineers, Geologist, Skilled workers and Labours worked on the project - 92.7 FM is mandatory for vehicles for quick response where emergency messages will be relayed - 6000 LED multiple color lights will be used to break the monotony - GSM phones will work inside the tunnel. 118 SOS boxes have been set up, one every 150 meters on both sides - Smoke and heat dampeners will react quickly in fire incidents or occurrence - 118 CCTVs, one every 75 meters - At 50 Km/hr speed, the tunnel is 12 minutes to 15 minutes drive - Each tube has a diameter of 13 meters, while sideway has a diameter of 6 meters - Rs.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u2018Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World\u2019", "evidence": "A social media post that claims that \u2018Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World\u2019 is being widely circulated. Through this article let\u2019s fact-check the claim made in the post. [...] Hindus and Jews, stand next with a fertility rate of 2.3 per woman, just below the global average of 2.4. This implies that contrary to the viral claim, it is not the Hindus who have the highest fertility rate. [...] India is home to almost 94% of Hindus across the world. Even in India, it is not Hindus who have the highest fertility rate. As per the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2019-21, the fertility rate of Muslims stands at 2.36. While that of Hindus stands slightly less at 1.94.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u2018Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World\u2019", "evidence": "According to studies conducted by Pew research organisation, globally Muslims have the highest fertility rate of any religious group, with an average of 2.9 children per woman, followed by Christians at 2.6 children per woman. Hindus and Jews, stand next with a fertility rate of 2.3 per woman, just below the global average of 2.4. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u2018Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World\u2019", "evidence": "With a Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.4 children per woman, Hindus have about the same fertility levels as the world\u2019s overall population (2.5) in the 2010-2015 period. Global fertility among Hindus is above the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman (the number considered necessary to maintain a stable population, all else being equal). Hindu fertility rates are highest in the Asia-Pacific region (2.4) and lowest in Europe (1.5). [...] Hindu fertility rates during the 2010-2015 period are 3.2 in Pakistan, 2.6 in Nepal and 2.5 in India. In many countries, Hindu fertility is below the 2.1 replacement level, including Australia (1.7), Indonesia (1.6), the United Kingdom (1.5) and South Africa (1.5).", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "A recent judgement by an Indian Court allows both the wife and girlfriend to live in the same house", "evidence": "In Indian culture, practice of two individuals (heterosexual) \"living together\" has existed since time immemorial. However, concubines were kept by men apart from their formally wedded wives for the sole purpose of entertainment and relaxation. After Independence, bigamy was outlawed in India in line with the secular format of family laws.49 There is no specific law in India for dealing with the nuances of a live-in partnership in holistic manner. The provisions under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code and Section 2(f) of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 have been expanded in scope to entitle an aggrieved person to maintenance and to secure legal protection against atrocities within domestic relationships.50 These provisions are neither designed nor adequately framed to define rights and duties of cohabiting partners or to deal with disputes that arise between them. The Indian judiciary over period of time, has assiduously addressed several allied issues but in the absence of legislation, piecemeal judicial approach has also impinged personal views of Judges causing legal conundrum, as deliberated in some of the landmark judgments. [...] The Indian Courts have further dealt with the issue of \"relationship in the nature of marriage\" to adjudicate disputes relating to live-in relations.59 The constitutional courts have reiterated that live-in, despite not being socially accepted in India, does not contemplate any offence under law. Consequently, two consenting adults are at liberty to live together and no person would be permitted to interfere in their peaceful living.60 The High Court of Allahabad held61 that: (Payal Sharma case61, SCC OnLine All para 1)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A recent judgement by an Indian Court allows both the wife and girlfriend to live in the same house", "evidence": "Definitely, these couples have few rights or you can say the female partners in these relationships have certain rights. As the Indian judiciary recognises live-in relationships, it ensures protection to the parties in such cohabitations. These rights are provided in order to address the intimate partner violence which women have to go through during their time together. Taking into account their agonies, the Indian judiciary has made remarkable decisions in recent judgments. So what are the most important and basic legal rights of a female in a live-in relationship in India? [...] For the first time in 1993, Supreme Court granted legal validity to the children born from live-in relationships in the case of S.P.S. Balasubramanyam vs. Suruttayan. In addition to that, the bench observed that if a man and a woman reside in the same house and cohabit for a significant period of time, there is a presumption of marriage under Section 114 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Ultimately, the children will be recognised as legitimate and will be eligible to receive a share in ancestral property. [...] Supreme Court Guidelines On Live-In Relationships In India", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Subramanian Swamy stating that Adani did not acquire the 74% shares of Mumbai Airport from the Indian government, but instead purchased them from multiple foreign partners who Congress sold in 2006", "evidence": "Adani Group takes over Mumbai airport management, now controls 33% of India's air cargo traffic The Adani Group has formally taken over the management of the Mumbai International Airport from the controls of the GVK Group. [...] Adani Group will have 74% stake in Mumbai's Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, post the stake purchase transaction, with 50.5% being bought from GVK Group and 23.5% from minority partners including Airports Company South Africa (ACSA), and Bidvest Group.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Subramanian Swamy stating that Adani did not acquire the 74% shares of Mumbai Airport from the Indian government, but instead purchased them from multiple foreign partners who Congress sold in 2006", "evidence": "Home / Companies / News / Adani Group acquires 74 per cent stake in Mumbai International Airport Adani Group acquires 74 per cent stake in Mumbai International Airport [...] The Gautam Adani-led Adani group has acquired a 74 per cent stake in Mumbai International Airport Limited (MIAL), a joint venture between the Airports Authority of India and GVK Industries. MIAL operates the Mumbai airport \u2014 the largest in the country after Delhi.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The types of disabilities have been increased from the existing 7 to 21.", "evidence": "The types of disabilities have been increased from existing 7 to 21 and the Central Government will have the power to add more types of disabilities. The 21 disabilities are given below:- 1. [...] Specific Learning Disability have been added for the first time. Acid Attack Victims have been included. Dwarfism, muscular dystrophy have has been indicated as separate class of specified disability. The New categories of disabilities also included three blood disorders, Thalassemia, Hemophilia and", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The types of disabilities have been increased from the existing 7 to 21.", "evidence": "ii. The types of disabilities have been increased from existing 7 to 21 and the Central Government will have the power to add more types of disabilities. The 21 disabilities are given below:- 1. Blindness 2. Low-vision 3. Leprosy Cured persons 4. Hearing Impairment (deaf and hard of hearing) 5. Locomotor Disability 6. Dwarfism 7. Intellectual Disability 8. Mental Illness 9. Autism Spectrum Disorder 10. Cerebral Palsy 11. Muscular Dystrophy 12. Chronic Neurological conditions 13. Specific Learning Disabilities 14. Multiple Sclerosis 15. Speech and Language disability 16. Thalassemia 17. Hemophilia 18. Sickle Cell disease 19. Multiple Disabilities including deafblindness 20. Acid Attack victim 21. Parkinson\u2019s disease iii. Speech and Language Disability and Specific Learning Disability have been added for the first time. Acid Attack Victims have been included. Dwarfism, muscular dystrophy have has been indicated as separate class of specified disability. The New categories of disabilities also included three blood disorders, Thalassemia, Hemophilia and Sickle Cell disease. [...] The Parliament passed the \"Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPWD) Bill-2016\" on 16th December, 2016. In the Bill, the Disability has been defined based on an evolving and dynamic concept and the types of disabilities have been increased from existing 7 to 21 and the Central Government will have the power to add more types of disabilities. Speech and Language Disability and Specific Learning Disability have been added for the first time. Acid Attack Victims have been included.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The Rs.500 note with green security thread closer to Mahatma Gandhi picture is a fake note", "evidence": "Accept only the note where the green security thread is near to RBI Governor\u2019s signature. Fact: Both the variants of Rs. 500 notes shown in the image are acceptable. RBI Spokesperson clarified that the variation in the notes is due to defect in printing and people can freely accept both variants. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE. When searched for the \u2018Rs.500 fake note\u2019 on Google, news articles published back in 2016 on this issue can be found in the search results. According to the Business Insider article, RBI Spokesperson Alpana Killawala clarified, \"It is likely that notes with printing defect has got released due to the current rush. However, people can freely accept such a note in transaction or return it to RBI.\" So, there is no truth in the claim that the note with green security thread closer to Gandhi is fake.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Rs.500 note with green security thread closer to Mahatma Gandhi picture is a fake note", "evidence": "The security thread appears to the left of the Mahatma's portrait. Security thread has a plain, non-readable fully embedded security thread. But since October 2000, the Rs.2000 notes contain a readable, windowed security thread alternately visible on the obverse with the inscriptions \u2018Bharat\u2019 (in Hindi), \u20182000\u2019 and \u2018RBI\u2019. All the currency notes have security thread. When notes held against the light, the security thread on Rs.2000, Rs.500 and Rs.100 can be seen as one continuous line. [...] On the obverse side of Rs.2000, Rs.500, Rs.100, Rs.50 and Rs.20 notes, a vertical band on the right side of the Mahatma Gandhi\u2019s portrait contains a latent image showing the respective denominational value in numeral. The latent image is visible only when the note is held horizontally at eye level.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "WikiLeaks has published the 1st list of black money holders in Swiss banks.", "evidence": "(See attached file: List of Black Money Holders from Wiki", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "WikiLeaks has published the 1st list of black money holders in Swiss banks.", "evidence": "Various posts on social media claim that WikiLeaks has released the \"first list\" of black money holders in Swiss Bank. The post is going viral on all social media platforms. DigitEye Team also received the message on its Whatsapp fact-checking number. The list contains 24 names \u2014 Sonia Gandhi, A Raja, Rahul Gandhi, Sharad Pawar, P Chidambaram to name a few. All the money listed next to the names are figures in dollars. The first name on the alleged list is Congress leader Sonia Gandhi who it claimed to be holding more than $56 billion. The numbers are not in chronological order and neither the names are in any set order. According to the alleged list, the lowest amount is held by P Chidambaram. [...] WikiLeaks has not published any report on the same on its website. The latest report was published in October 2019. WikiLeaks took to Twitter and tweeted about a similar list of Indian black money holders. In the 2011 tweet, it clarified that such list \"never appeared on WikiLeaks\".", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "By subjecting water to immense pressure and directing it through a minuscule nozzle, it can effectively cut through the hardest materials, including rocks, metals, bulletproof glass, and even diamonds", "evidence": "This is a machine that holds a diamond blade used to cut very hard materials such as tile and glass. These are best to always run with water to keep the dust down and to keep the blade and material cool as it is cut. The finer the grit on the blade, the finer the cut will be. Some blades are so clean they do not boil when you fire polish them. [...] This is a dedicated room where a blower will do cold work that uses water to lubricate as it is cut. Many times you will find a lapping wheel, diamond saw, maybe a drill press with a diamond bit even.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "By subjecting water to immense pressure and directing it through a minuscule nozzle, it can effectively cut through the hardest materials, including rocks, metals, bulletproof glass, and even diamonds", "evidence": "A video demonstrating waterjet cutting technology has been widely shared on social media, claiming that with significant pressure applied to water and forced through a tiny nozzle, it can slice through even the hardest materials, such as rocks, bulletproof glass, iron, and diamonds. Let\u2019s examine the accuracy of the claim made in this post. [...] Fact: While pure waterjet cutting can be used to cut softer materials, abrasive waterjet cutting is required to cut through harder substances such as metals and ceramics. This is because abrasive particles like garnet or aluminium oxide are added to the high-pressure water stream, which increases the cutting force and allows for effective cutting of hard materials. Therefore, the claim made in the post that water alone can cut through the hardest materials, including rocks, metals, bulletproof glass, and diamonds, is MISLEADING. [...] To sum it up, while pure water cutting can effectively cut soft materials, abrasive waterjet cutting is necessary to cut through harder substances like metals. Abrasive particles, such as garnet or aluminium oxide, are added to the high-pressure water stream to enhance cutting force and enable the waterjet to effectively cut through hard materials.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "By subjecting water to immense pressure and directing it through a minuscule nozzle, it can effectively cut through the hardest materials, including rocks, metals, bulletproof glass, and even diamonds", "evidence": "Calculating Pressure: A Fire Hose Nozzle [...] Water pressure inside a hose nozzle can be less than atmospheric pressure due to the Bernoulli effect. Explain in terms of energy how the water can emerge from the nozzle against the opposing atmospheric pressure. [...] What is the pressure drop due to the Bernoulli Effect as water goes into a 3.00-cm-diameter nozzle from a 9.00-cm-diameter fire hose while carrying a flow of 40.0 L/s? (b) To what maximum height above the nozzle can this water rise? (The actual height will be significantly smaller due to air resistance.)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Speech and language disability and specific learning disability have been added for the first time.", "evidence": "''(A) IN GENERAL.\u2013The term 'specific learning disability' means a disorder in 1 or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which disorder may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations.\" [...] Based on policy and procedure established by the LEA, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) involved in determining whether a child has a specific learning disability are not required to take into consideration whether a child has a severe discrepancy between achievement and intellectual ability in oral expression, listening comprehension, written expression, basic reading skill, or reading comprehension. As an alternative to using the IQ-achievement discrepancy model, LEAs can establish a process to determine if a child has a specific learning disability that finds out if a child responds to scientific, research-based instruction (RTI). [...] LEAs may develop a scientific, research-based intervention (RTI) or early intervening program that may be used to determine if a child has a specific learning disability. SLPs must be involved in developing these programs to ensure that students with a speech or language impairment are receiving an appropriate education in a timely manner.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Speech and language disability and specific learning disability have been added for the first time.", "evidence": "Specific Learning Disability (SLD) Under IDEA, \"Specific Learning Disability (SLD) means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations, including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. Specific learning disability does not include learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, of mental retardation, of emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage\" (34 C.F.R. Section 300.8(c)(10)). Dyslexia is a subcategory of Specific Learning Disability (SLD) and has been added so that the Department can distinguish students with dyslexia from other students with SLD who are reported in this disability category.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Speech and language disability and specific learning disability have been added for the first time.", "evidence": "For the first time since 1980 (i.e., DSM-3), the DSM-5 integrated Specific Learning Disorders under one label instead of retaining the separate disorders: reading disorder, writing disorder, and mathematics disorder. There is considerable variability both within and between these classifications, a lack of isolated neural deficits [49], high rates of comorbidity [26]. Given these and the dimensional framework of the DSM-5, the decision was to have one single category for Specific Learning Disorder, but to use specifiers to capture the developmental course and severity of various manifestations at the time of assessment [56]. Specifiers are not mutually exclusive, which means manifestations across academic domains can be captured within a single diagnosis. One of the most common manifestations of Specific Learning Disorder is dyslexia, a difficulty mapping letters with the sounds of one\u2019s language in order to read printed words typically resulting from a deficit in the phonological component of language [20]. In the DSM-5, dyslexia is suggested as an alternative term for problems with accurate or fluent word recognition, poor decoding, and poor spelling abilities.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "3.8 crore poor women provided with free LPG connections, target raised to 8 crore.", "evidence": "The first claim is that the government is \u2018Ensuring smoke free lives for every Indian family through Ujjwala Yojana\u2019. It says 3.8 crore poor women were provided with free LPG connections and that the target was raised to 8 crore. As per the website of the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), the scheme aims to safeguard the health of women & children by providing them with a clean cooking fuel \u2013 LPG, so that they don\u2019t have to compromise their health in smoky kitchens or wander in unsafe areas collecting firewood. PMUY was launched in May 2016 in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh. Under this scheme, 5 crore LPG connections were to be provided to BPL families. Under PMUY, cash assistance up to Rs. 1600 is provided for releasing new LPG connection by the Government. The beneficiary bears the cost of Hot Plate and purchase of first refill. The beneficiary has option to take Hot Plate or the first refill or both on loan basis, from OMCs at zero interest rate and the same is recovered through subsidy received by the beneficiary as and when refill is purchased. [...] According to an answer provided in the Lok Sabha by the government, a total of 3.19 crore LPG connections were released under PMUY as of December 2016. This number was at 4.73 crore in July 2018. A press note from the government in February 2018 noted that the Cabinet has approved enhancing the target under PMUY to 8 crore connections from the earlier 5 crore with an additional budget allocation of Rs. 4,800 crores.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "3.8 crore poor women provided with free LPG connections, target raised to 8 crore.", "evidence": "The initiative was launched on January 05, 2015 with an objective to provide people with affordable energy efficient appliances across the country. More than 29.83 crore LED bulbs were distributed in just four years, saving Rs. 15,497 crores per year for the people. [...] The Union Cabinet launched the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana on May 01, 2016, which envisages of smoke free rural India. It aims to benefit five crore families especially women living below poverty line by providing free LPG connections by 2019. It will help reduce health disorders, air pollution and deforestation. The Cabinet has approved Rs. 8,000.00 crores for the next three years. Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the scheme in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh on May 01, 2016. So far 3.8 crore LPG connections were provided to BPL households. The target for the scheme has been raised to provide LPG connections to 8 crore women.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Numerous universities, 7 IITs, 7 IIMs, 14 IIITs, 1 NIT, 103 KVs and 62 Navodaya Vidyalayas established and have started functioning.", "evidence": "7 IITs, 7 IIMs, 5000 Atal Tinkering Labs among new educational institutions coming up: President Ram Nath Kovind 103 Kendriya Vidyalayas, Eklavya Model Awasiya Vidyalayas in all talukas having a majority tribal population and 62 new Navodaya Vidyalayas are also on the cards in an effort to improve India's education system. President Ram Nath Kovind announced on Thursday that the government is setting up 5,000 Atal Tinkering Labs, 7 IITs, 7 IIMs, 14 IIITs, one NIT and four NIDs in India to improve the education standard. He stressed that a multidimensional approach was being taken up to provide increased opportunities for the highest standard professional education. [...] 2. \"Every parent aspires for a good education for their sons and daughters so that they can succeed in life... Seven IITs, seven IIMs, 14 IIITs, one NIT and four NIDs are being established,\" the President said, as per PTI.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Highest ever participation of women in 2016-17 at 56%", "evidence": "Over the past 70 years, women\u00e2\u0080\u0099s participation in labor force activities has greatly expanded. Immediately following World War II, less than one-third of women were in the labor force. However, women soon began to participate in greater numbers, and their labor force participation rose rapidly from the 1960s through the 1980s before slowing in the 1990s. Women reached the peak of their labor force participation in 1999, with a rate of 60.0 percent. Since then, labor force participation among women has declined, to 56.7 percent in 2015. In addition, a large share of women work full time and year-round. Over time, women have increasingly attained higher levels of education: among women ages 25 to 64 who are in the labor force, the proportion with a college degree more than tripled from 1970 to 2015, increasing from 11 percent to 41 percent. Women\u00e2\u0080\u0099s earnings as a proportion of men\u00e2\u0080\u0099s earnings also have grown over time. In 1979, women working full time earned 62 percent of what men earned; in 2015, women\u00e2\u0080\u0099s earnings were 81 percent of men\u00e2\u0080\u0099s. [...] Women\u00e2\u0080\u0099s labor force participation was 56.7 percent in 2015, down from 57.0 percent in 2014. Men\u00e2\u0080\u0099s labor force participation, which always has been much higher than that for women, was little changed at 69.1 percent in 2015. (See table 2.)", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A Congress MLA misbehaved with the police when he was stopped by the police while chanting \u2018Pakistan Zindabad\u2019 slogans as part of a Rahul Gandhi\u2019s program in Madhya Pradesh", "evidence": "BJP MLA Aravind Limbavali apologised after his daughter misbehaved with the media and police officials when she was stopped for flouting traffic rules. BJP MLA Aravind Limbavali has extended his apology to the media and police officials on behalf of his daughter who was caught on camera misbehaving with traffic police officials and journalists after she was asked to stop for jumping a signal. [...] The MLA's daughter argued with the police over a traffic rule violation and the police, in turn, showed her the evidence and collected Rs 10,000 fine.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Cristiano Ronaldo said that he loves Islam more than anything", "evidence": "Misleading claim that Cristiano Ronaldo 'converted to Islam' circulates on social media [...] The post\u2019s headline translates into English as \"Subhanallah. Cristiano Ronaldo Converted to Islam and Said Assalamualaikum\". [...] Later in the blog post, the text questions whether Ronaldo really converted to Islam. It states: \"Cristiano Ronaldo converted to Islam and said Assalamualaikum. But really?\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Cristiano Ronaldo said that he loves Islam more than anything", "evidence": "The photo in the viral post was captured in January 2022, when Ronaldo received the \u2018Globe Soccer\u2019s Top Scorer of All Time award in Dubai.\u2018 As per news reports, Ronaldo expressed his love towards Dubai, its people and its culture. Nowhere in the news was it reported that Ronaldo said he loves Islam the most. Hence, the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "EctoLife is producing 30,000 lab-grown artificial babies every year", "evidence": "The viral visuals are just a depiction of the concept of incubation of babies through artificial wombs by a Berlin based science communicator and biotechnologist, Hashem Al Ghaili. He confirmed that the technology currently does not exist. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Nirav Modi stated before the London court that he didn\u2019t leave India but was threatened by the leaders of a political party to escape and run away from the country.", "evidence": "-- ANI 07:52 Nirav Modi flees to UK, claiming political asylum Nirav Modi, the billionaire jeweller at the heart of a more than $2 billion fraud case, has fled to the United Kingdom, where he is claiming political asylum, the Financial Times reported, citing Indian and British officials. [...] Nirav Modi is in London trying to claim asylum from what he calls \"political persecution\", the FT reported.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Rahul Gandhi: \u201cSurgical strikes and Air strikes happened during UPA government but we didn\u2019t disclose to anyone, not even to Army and Airforce\u201d.", "evidence": "Rahul Gandhi said the Manmohan Singh govt carried out three surgical strikes but the Congress didn't tell the world about it because it did not want to politicise the armed forces. [...] Rahul Gandhi said the reason why the UPA government did not disclose the surgical strike was because \"we did not want to politicise the armed forces\". [...] When asked about what was achieved by the surgical strikes carried out during Manmohan Singh's tenure, Rahul Gandhi said, \"I won't talk about what happened. But the targets that were supposed to be hit were hit successfully.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Rahul Gandhi: \u201cSurgical strikes and Air strikes happened during UPA government but we didn\u2019t disclose to anyone, not even to Army and Airforce\u201d.", "evidence": "The source of the information being posted by many users on Facebook is a parody account which posts satirical and parody content. So, the claim made is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Rahul Gandhi: \u201cSurgical strikes and Air strikes happened during UPA government but we didn\u2019t disclose to anyone, not even to Army and Airforce\u201d.", "evidence": "UPA did 3 surgical strikes but didn\u2019t show off: Rahul Gandhi [...] Congress president Rahul Gandhi on Saturday asserted that the Indian Army had conducted three surgical strikes in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) when the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government was in power, but those operations were kept under the wraps at the force\u2019s behest. [...] \"Do you know that like Narendra Modi\u2019s surgical strike, (former PM) Manmohan Singh did that three times? When the army came to Manmohan Singh and said we need to retaliate against Pakistan for what they\u2019ve done, they also said we want it to be secret, for our own purposes,\" Gandhi said.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "More people have travelled in airplanes than in AC trains for the first time", "evidence": "Three factors are putting more passengers in planes. \"The first is the expansion of economies and the rise in incomes in Asia and Africa,\" says IATA\u2019s David Oxley. [...] While growth in mature markets like Europe and North America will be more incremental, with existing passengers flying more, China, India, and Indonesia will see more first-time fliers. Either way, that translates into demand for new planes, as established markets upgrade aging fleets and emerging markets grow their flight networks. Boeing has pushed production on its 737 line, which now completes 42 aircraft per month, but is expected to release 57 per month by 2019.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "More people have travelled in airplanes than in AC trains for the first time", "evidence": "- India is now the third largest aviation market - Passenger traffic growth is in the range of 18-20% over the past three years - More people have travelled in airplanes than in AC trains for the first time - Domestic air passengers crossed 100 million in 2017 - A National Civil Aviation Policy was unveiled in 2016 [...] To verify the claim about the number of people travelling by air being greater than those travelling by AC train, the passenger data provided in the annual reports of the DGCA were compared with data provided in the statistical statements of the Indian Railways. The Indian Railways publishes an annual document titled \u2018Statistical Statements\u2019 that gives a breakup of the number of passengers that were carried in that year by the class in which they travelled. This data was aggregated to find the number of people who travelled by AC class in trains between 2012-13 and 2016-17. Total passenger traffic of the AC class is calculated by including the traffic in AC First Class, AC Sleeper Class, AC 3 Tier & AC Chair Car. Total passenger traffic of Airlines is calculated by including both domestic & international passenger traffic. Claim Check: We find that for the first time in 2016-17, unlike the previous years, the number of people who travelled by Airplane is higher than those who travelled in all AC class of trains. Thus, the 3rd claim is also TRUE.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "More people have travelled in airplanes than in AC trains for the first time", "evidence": "By 2009, the amount of people who flew a commercial airliner in the previous year had risen to 39.85 percent in the Omnibus Household Survey. Gallup polls give numbers that are a little higher. In 2012, 52 percent of respondents said they had flown at least once in the past year, the highest number in a decade. Of course, these are only U.S. flyers, and for many parts of the world, information is even scarcer. A consumer survey conducted by Credit Suisse First Boston in 2004 found that 47 percent of respondents in eight large Chinese cities had ever flown in an airplane. Air travel is on the rise in China, as well as in other parts of Asia and Latin America. \"As gross domestic product increases the number of trips per capita increases,\" Heimlich says, citing numbers produced by airplane manufacturers. \"What they show is, to a point, air travel increases exponentially. Places with large populations like China and India are of great interest.\" [...] What\u2019s not clear from these statistics is whether more people were flying, or the same people were flying more often, or both. It seems likely that the percentage of global citizens who have ever flown is growing, and will continue to grow. We just don\u2019t have the data to back it up.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "30,000 rupees is provided towards tuition fee and 20,000 as contingency allowance.", "evidence": "- To ensure good-quality secondary education with a focus on Science, Mathematics and English; and - To reduce the gender, social and regional gaps in enrolments, dropouts and improving retention. [...] - The scholarship amount of Rs.30,000 is provided towards tuition fee reimbursement and Rs.20000 as contingency allowance for 1000 persons/annum. [...] - Students will be tracked through their Aadhaar numbers and incase those not having a unique number will be provided with it.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "30,000 rupees is provided towards tuition fee and 20,000 as contingency allowance.", "evidence": "An infographic published by the government on the 48-month portal makes claims regarding scholarship to persons with disability. Here is a fact check of these claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "30,000 rupees is provided towards tuition fee and 20,000 as contingency allowance.", "evidence": "EMERITUS SCIENTIST SCHEME 3 OPERATION OF AN EMERITUS SCIENTIST SCHEME 7 CONTIGENT AND EQUIPMENT GRANTS 8 PROGRESS REPORT & RENEWAL OF ES SCHEME 9 FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT (FTR) [...] 1.5 The grant consists of (i) Scientist Allowance of Rs.20,000/- p.m. to the Emeritus Scientist (ES) for the duration of his/her tenure, (ii) suitable contingent grant per annum, and (iii)technical assistance in the form of research fellows/associates. [...] 7.3 The guidelines for the utilization of contingency grant are given in Annexure-I. The accounts are to be maintained in a prescribed manner as indicated in Annexure-III.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Cost of the Evian brand\u2019s water bottle seen at the family gathering of Tejashwi Yadav is \u20b92900 per liter", "evidence": "The Evian Water Bottle has received mostly positive reviews for its natural taste and refreshing hydration. Users appreciate its balanced mineral content and smooth, clean taste for everyday use. [...] The Evian Water Bottle is a good investment for those seeking pure, balanced, and refreshing hydration. With its eco-friendly practices and naturally smooth taste, it\u2019s a premium choice for daily use and rehydration. [...] The Evian Water Bottle offers pure, refreshing hydration with a clean taste and balanced minerals, making it an excellent choice for those who value quality. While the price is higher than standard bottled waters, the premium experience and eco-conscious packaging make it a worthwhile pick.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Cost of the Evian brand\u2019s water bottle seen at the family gathering of Tejashwi Yadav is \u20b92900 per liter", "evidence": "The cost of the 1-liter Evian bottled water visible in the viral video is not \u20b92900 but rather \u20b9250. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Cost of the Evian brand\u2019s water bottle seen at the family gathering of Tejashwi Yadav is \u20b92900 per liter", "evidence": "A video showing Bihar Deputy Chief Minister Tejashwi Yadav\u2019s family gathering is being widely shared on social media. The accompanying description claims that the Evian company water bottle seen on their table costs around \u20b92900 per litre. Let\u2019s verify this claim made in the post. [...] Fact: The cost of the 1-liter Evian bottled water visible in the viral video is not \u20b92900 but rather \u20b9250. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE. [...] To sum it up, contrary to the claim, the cost of the 1-litre Evian bottled water visible in the viral video is not \u20b92900 but rather \u20b9250.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "2017-18 is the is the best ever year of safety record for the railways and less than 100 accidents were recorded in that year.", "evidence": "Railways\u2019 Safety Record In 2017-2018 Best In 57 Years [...] The railways has maintained the best safety record in 2017-2018 fiscal in over five decades, according to official figures. As of March 30, 73 accidents were reported across the railway network, compared to 104 in the previous fiscal, the lowest in 57 years.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "2017-18 is the is the best ever year of safety record for the railways and less than 100 accidents were recorded in that year.", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes 3 claims about improving safety in Indian Railways, i.e., reducing railway accidents & elimination of Unmanned Level Crossings. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Former Cricketer Sachin Tendulkar along with his wife met Narendra Modi to show his support for BJP in the General Elections-2019.", "evidence": "Posing to engage: The next phase of celebrity engagement, in the last phase of campaigning, saw Modi pose alongside a number of film stars, with no explicit endorsement from them. Such celebrity engagement included a kite-flying session with Salman Khan, and casual meetings with Rajinikanth, Vijay, and a number of southern film stars, a region where the BJP was particularly weak. Indeed, some of these actors, including Salman and Vijay, explicitly noted that they were not endorsing Modi\u2014Salman even said he would vote for a Congress party candidate. However, the willingness of the celebrities to pose alongside Modi and Modi\u2019s willingness to engage with them suggests a two-way acknowledgement of each other\u2019s\u2019 importance. Posing and tweeting with southern film stars, Modi undercut the idea that the BJP was largely a northern party, and likewise tweeting favourably about Muslim public figures including Abdul Kalam, Salman Khan, A R Rahman, and Sania Mirza undercut suggestions of Modi\u2019s anti-secular credentials.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Former Cricketer Sachin Tendulkar along with his wife met Narendra Modi to show his support for BJP in the General Elections-2019.", "evidence": "DHARAMSALA: Former Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, accompanied by his wife Anjali, has reached Dharamsala for a three day stay to meet their son Arjun, who was undergoing a training session by National Cricket Academy at scenic cricket stadium. [...] Tendulkar had avoided the queries of media stating that he loves this hill town and therefore was staying here for couple of days.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Bharatmala Pariyojana: Phase 1: 5,35,000 crore rupees for expanding highways sector with multi-modal integration", "evidence": "- As of March 2022, the government plans to spend Rs. 10,565 crore (US$ 1.38 billion) on the Trans-Arunachal Highway and Kaladan Multi-Model Transport Project, as well as other roads development projects such as capital connectivity, district connectivity, connectivity to the international border, and improvement and strengthening of roads in the region of Sikkim. [...] - Under Phase-I of Bharatmala Pariyojana, the Ministry has approved implementation of 34,800 km of national highways in 5 years with an outlay of Rs. 5,35,000 crore (US$ 76.55 billion). Under this scheme, 22 greenfield projects (8,000 kms length) are being constructed; this is worth Rs. 3.26 lakh crore (US$ 43.94 billion). [...] - In August 2021, the Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways, Mr. Nitin Gadkari, announced to launch 1,080-km (road construction) projects worth Rs. 25,370 crore (US$ 3.4 billion) in Gujarat under the Bharatmala Pariyojana\u2014the ambitious road and highways project that aims to build highways from Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and then cover the entire string of Himalayan territories.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Bharatmala Pariyojana: Phase 1: 5,35,000 crore rupees for expanding highways sector with multi-modal integration", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal. This infographic contains claims about the Bharatmala Pariyojana and Setu Bharatam Project. This article is a fact check of those claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Bharatmala Pariyojana: Phase 1: 5,35,000 crore rupees for expanding highways sector with multi-modal integration", "evidence": "The Minister of State for Road Transport and Shipping and Chemical & Fertilizers Shri Mansukh L Mandaviya in a written reply to a question in Lok Sabha today informed that under Phase-I of Bharatmala Pariyojana it is expected to generate roughly 14.2 crore man-days of employment during the construction phase and roughly 22 Million permanent jobs driven by increased level of economic activities enabled by development of the Economic Corridor network. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs had approved the implementation of \"Bharatmala Pariyojana Phase-I\", for the National Highways Road Sector to be implemented by Ministry of Road Transport & Highways and its implementing agencies over a period of 5 years (2017-2022) at an estimated outlay of Rs 5,35,000 crore for upgradation of 34,800 km of highways/roads. Details of Bharatmala Pariyojana Phase-I is as below: Funding for the Bharatmala Pariyojana will be through Central Road Fund (CRF), earmarked for NH, Gross Budgetary System (GBS), monetization of NHs through Toll Operate Transfer (TOT), Permanent Bridges Fee Fund (PBFF), Market borrowing and Private Investment.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Shashi Tharoor had said that he would even hit a Shivling with a chappal, if needed, to oust Modi.", "evidence": "Here is exactly what Tharoor said - \"... and this personality cult has not sat very well with many in the RSS establishment. There's an extraordinarily striking metaphor expressed by an unnamed RSS source to journalist Vinod Jose of The Caravan which I quote here, in which they express their frustration with their inability to curb Mr Modi. And the man says, \"Mr Modi,\" he says, \"is like a scorpion sitting on a Shivling; you cannot remove him with your hand, and you cannot hit him with a chappal either.\" And if you think about it, that's a very very profound understanding of the relationship. Because if you remove a scorpion with your hand you will get stung very badly, but if you hit a Shivling with a chappal, then you have undermined all the sacred tenets of the faith that you hold in that the scorpion is sitting on. So, ultimately, you live with it with seething frustration. That may well be a very interesting clue to the rather complex dynamics that exist between the Hindutva movement and the Moditva expression of it.\" [...] It is clear that Shashi Tharoor did not say he would attack a \"Shivling\" with a \"chappal\" and that he only quoted a line from an article published in 2012.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A Muslim boy attacked a Hindu girl in Seoni, Madhya Pradesh, in yet another Love Jihad incident", "evidence": "The boy who attacked the girl is a Hindu named Sushil Yadav. Local Police clarified that there is no Love Jihad angle in this incident. Hence, the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Agreement on real time information sharing with Switzerland", "evidence": "The agreement between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) on the automatic exchange of information (AEOI) in tax matters is helping to combat cross-border tax evasion. The agreement has been in force since 2017 and is applicable between Switzerland and all EU member states. It implements the global standard on AEOI of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In 2004, Switzerland and the EU concluded a taxation of savings income agreement as part of the Bilaterals II agreements aiming at combating cross-border tax evasion. This was replaced by the agreement between Switzerland and the EU on the automatic exchange of financial account information in tax matters, which was signed on 27 May 2015. The new agreement implements the OECD global standard on AEOI, which Switzerland committed to in 2014. In this context, Switzerland and all of the EU member states have been collecting information on financial accounts since 2017, and have been exchanging this data since 2018. By implementing the global AEOI standard, Switzerland and the EU are making an important contribution to the prevention of cross-border tax evasion and increasing tax transparency.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "India with 5288 tops the list of countries with most universities", "evidence": "As per the UGC, there are a total of 1078 universities in the country. Further, according to the All-India Survey on Higher Education 2020-21, there are totally 1,113 Universities/ University like institutions in the country registered under AISHE. The viral data is mostly collected from Webometrics ranking of World Universities in its June 2021 edition. The methodology of this analysis by webometrics is questionable, as it involves the online presence of a university and its content. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "India with 5288 tops the list of countries with most universities", "evidence": "Over 31,000 universities exist around the WorldWorld, each with a distinct personality that may impress anyone. India\u2019s Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) is the World\u2019sWorld\u2019s largest university with 3.5 million students enrolled. Countries with the educational institutions on the lists provide tertiary, quaternary, and postsecondary education to students all around the WorldWorld. India has the most number of universities in the World. According to data from July 2021, India had 5,288 universities. Due to its vast population, the country has many universities. However, India is ranked 24th in the WorldWorld regarding educational system strength. [...] Rajasthan, with 85 institutions, is the state with the most universities, and it also has the most private universities, with 52. The state with the most recognized universities (28) and most state universities (35) is Tamil Nadu. Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay, is a popular destination for overseas students in India.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "India with 5288 tops the list of countries with most universities", "evidence": "Anand Mahindra Shares List Of Countries With Most Universities [...] Anand Mahindra recently shared a list of countries ranked by the number of universities they have. India topped the list as the country with the highest number of universities. According to the screenshot that Mahindra shared, India has a total of 5,288 universities. [...] Following is the list of the top ten countries with the highest number of universities mentioned in the screenshot: \u2013 - India: 5,288 Unis - USA: 3,216 Unis - Indonesia: 2,595 Unis - China: 2,565 Unis - Brazil: 1,297 Unis - Mexico: 1,173 Unis - Japan: 1,063 Unis - Russia: 1,058 Unis - Iran: 704 Unis - France: 617 Unis", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWhen the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest\u201d- Chanakya", "evidence": "A social media post attributing a quote to ancient Indian scholar Chanakya (also known as Kautilya) is being widely shared across social media platforms. The Hindi quote attributed to Chanakya loosely translates to \"when the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest\". Through this article, let\u2019s fact-check the authenticity of the quote attributed to Chanakya. [...] In Arthashastra, Chanakya addresses strategies to handle a united opposition, however, he refrains from endorsing the King\u2019s honesty in the face of the united opposition. [...] To sum up, this quote endorsing the King\u2019s honesty in the face of united opposition is misattributed to Chanakya.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cWhen the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest\u201d- Chanakya", "evidence": "The viral quote is being shared against the backdrop of opposition parties boycotting the inauguration of the new Parliament building. However, the viral quote is misattributed to Chanakya. There are no authentic sources or references attributing the quote to Chanakya. Moreover, in Arthashastra, Chanakya proposed alliances and the concept of joining forces with the enemies of one\u2019s opponents. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "More line of control violations under NDA than UPA", "evidence": "Total terror related incidents under UPA & NDA govt. are 9739 & 1219. So, the claim is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "More line of control violations under NDA than UPA", "evidence": "Claim 4: Total Line of control violations under UPA & NDA govt. are 563 & 5596 Fact: Total Line of control violations under UPA & NDA govt. are 517 & 2847. So the claim is FALSE A total of 517 Line of Control violations occurred under the UPA government between 2004-2013, whereas a total of 2847 Line of control violations occurred under the NDA government in 4 years, according to the South Asian Terrorism Portal SATP . So, even here, the numbers mentioned in the post are wrong.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime", "evidence": "The first claim is that \u20181054 essential medicines brought under price control regime giving consumers total benefit of more than 10,000 crores\u2019. [...] Pursuant to the announcement of National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy, 2012 (NPPP, 2012), Government notified the DPCO 2013 in May 2013. All the medicines specified in the National List of Essential Medicines prepared by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and revised from time to time are included in the Schedule \u2013 I of DPCO, 2013 which are under price control in accordance with provisions of DPCO 2013. [...] Claim: 1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime giving consumers total benefit of more than 10,000 crores.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes claims about affordable healthcare, specifically about essential medicines. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A poster branding PM Modi as a nation robber has been put up in New York", "evidence": "Mr modi we only rob bank you rob the whole nation#ModiNotWelcome pic.twitter.com/T4RuWDud1y\u2014 AbdQuddus@Hyderabad@india\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf3 (@abdquddus117) June 20, 2023 One poster inspired from popular series Money Heist with text \"Mr. N Modi, we only rob bank, you rob the whole nation\" written on it is being shared on social media platforms in context of the Prime Minister\u2019s visit to the US. The post said, \"Posters in USA,loud and clear message from money heist Mr modi we only rob bank you rob the whole nation (sic)\". It was shared widely on Twitter, including one by Aurangabad Congress Sevadal. [...] When we searched \"Money Heist Posters on PM Modi\", Google search threw up results from several old news reports in July 2022 with Hyderabad dateline. The posters were erected in Hyderabad ahead of BJP\u2019s national executive that was held in July 2022 there. The same was reported by Telangana Today, dated July 1, 2022, titled \"Hyderabad: \u2018Money Heist\u2019 hoarding at LB Nagar calls PM Modi \u2018nation robber.\u2019\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "India has validated elimination of maternal and neo-natal tetanus in may 2015, before the global target of December 2015.", "evidence": "Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination \ufffd WHO African Region, 2000, 2005, and 2010\ufffd2015 [...] - Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Perin J, Rudan I, Lawn JE et al. Global, regional and national causes of child mortality in 2000-13, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis. Lancet. 2015 Jan 31;385(9966):430-40. PubMed | Google Scholar - World Health Organization. Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus (MNT) elimination: Progress towards global MNT elimination. 2016. Updated November 9, 2016; Cited 2016 December 18. [...] - World Health Organization. Maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination: validation survey in 4 States and 2 union territories in India, May 2015. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2015 Oct 30;90(44):589-608. PubMed | Google Scholar - World Health Organization. Maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination: validation survey in 4 States in India, April 2013. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2014 May 2;89(18):177-88. PubMed | Google Scholar - Vandelaer J, Partridge J, Suvedi BK. Process of neonatal tetanus elimination in Nepal. J Public Health (Oxf). 2009 Dec;31(4):561-5. PubMed | Google Scholar - Vandelaer J, Olaniran M. Using a school-based approach to deliver immunization-global update. Vaccine. 2015 Jan 29;33(5):719-25. PubMed | Google Scholar - Global Vaccine Alliance Initiative. New and underused vaccines support GAVI; 2016. Accessed 2016 December 20.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "India has validated elimination of maternal and neo-natal tetanus in may 2015, before the global target of December 2015.", "evidence": "Maternal & Neonatal Tetanus Elimination - India has validated Elimination of Maternal & Neonatal tetanus from the country in May 2015, well before the global target date of December 2015. [...] - Out of 21 endemic states/UTs, 5 state/UTs achieved LF elimination target.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Rs. 1,290 crore rupees allocated under National Bamboo Mission to help setting up small industries.", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes five claims about the budgetary allocations and outcomes of the agriculture sector. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Rs. 1,290 crore rupees allocated under National Bamboo Mission to help setting up small industries.", "evidence": "New Delhi, Apr 25 () The government today approved a restructured National Bamboo Mission (NBM) with an outlay of Rs 1,290 crore for two years, a move aimed at benefiting one lakh farmers, said an official release. [...] \"An outlay of Rs 1,290 crore (with Rs 950 crore as central share) is provisioned for implementation of the Mission during the remaining period of 14th Finance Commission,\" the release said. [...] The Mission will focus on development of bamboo in limited states where it has social, commercial and economical advantage.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Rs. 1,290 crore rupees allocated under National Bamboo Mission to help setting up small industries.", "evidence": "<p class=\"title\">The latest budgetary allocation of Rs 1,290 crore for the National Bamboo Mission (NBM) is a significant step to improve the country's bamboo economy, which was so far shackled by legal and regulatory restrictions. In December 2017, the government, in an amendment to the Indian Forest Act, (IFA), 1927, exempted bamboo grown in non-forest areas from definition as a tree. Bamboo, though taxonomically a grass, was legally defined as a 'tree' under the IFA. The twin objectives of the latest amendment aim to promote bamboo cultivation in non-forest areas in order to increase rural incomes and expand the country's green cover. As a result, this dispenses with the requirement to obtain felling/transit permit for commercial use of bamboo and would transform bamboo cultivation and bamboo economy.</p>.<p class=\"bodytext\">Bamboo was perceived all along as a wild growth in forest areas and not as a cultivated crop that could be harnessed for profit. Commercial cultivation of bamboo will replace wood as the material of choice for building houses. Success on this score will help stop felling trees, which would otherwise be used as timber, and save the environment from further loss of tree cover.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Recent visuals of liquor mafia gang assaulting a police officer during Mahagatbandhan\u2019s rule in Bihar", "evidence": "Bihar Liquor Mafia Mows Down Police Inspector To Death, Injures Home Guard Personnel Police inspector Khamas Chaudhary was mowed down to death by a liquor mafia in Bihar's Begusarai. A Home Guard personnel was also injured in the incident. An inspector with the Begusarai police in Bihar was mowed down to death while on a vigil to stop a car transporting liquor in the state, said the Superintendent of Police, as per ANI. A jawan of the Home Guard who was accompanying inspector Khamas Chaudhary also suffered injuries in the incident, the SP added.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Recent visuals of liquor mafia gang assaulting a police officer during Mahagatbandhan\u2019s rule in Bihar", "evidence": "A recent incident in Darbhanga district shows how fearless the liquor mafia have become in Bihar. A police constable, on Thursday, died after he was run over by a Scorpio which was on its way to collect a consignment of illicit liquor, according to the police. [...] According to reports, the police had received a tip-off about a consignment of liquor that a gang was looking to collect from an auto. This is why the police were on patrol yesterday. However, contrary to the information received, the gang turned up in a Scorpio. A local villager Manoj Gupta, while targeting the government, said that earlier people used to be killed by the consumption of illicit liquor, now the liquor gangs are killing policemen. The situation has worsened after prohibition, he said.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Raghuram Rajan had warned Rahul Gandhi and P Chidambaram about Nirav Modi, but they forced him to remain silent and kept approving loan till May 2014", "evidence": "The Facebook post claims that Rajan had warned Rahul about the scam involving Nirav but he was asked to remain silent. [...] Several Facebook users such as Jayaram Ramaswamy, Acharya Sannjiv Sharma, Sahil Mittal and JaiRam Tiwari posted an image of Rajan along with a quote attributing him. The quote reads, \"I had warned Rahul Gandhi and P Chidambaram about frauds of Nirav Modi. But they forced me to remain quiet and kept approving the loans till May 2014. Why am I being blamed for the PNB scam now?\" Using reverse search or by searching with the keywords \"Raghuram Rajan + Rahul Gandhi + Nirav Modi\", we could not find any credible report validating the claim. Rather, we came across a news article by News 18 published on March 13, 2018, where Rajan had hit out at social media for a \"fake quote\". \"Social media has a habit of attributing complete rubbish to me,\" Rajan said.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Raghuram Rajan had warned Rahul Gandhi and P Chidambaram about Nirav Modi, but they forced him to remain silent and kept approving loan till May 2014", "evidence": "In the wake of upcoming general elections India, a lot of fake posts are resurfacing on social media and the following is one such post doing rounds in social media again claiming that Raghuram Rajan had warned Rahul Gandhi and P Chidambaram about Nirav Modi, but they forced him to remain silent and kept approving loan till May 2014. [...] The post claiming Raghuram Rajan had warned Rahul Gandhi and P Chidambaram about Nirav Modi, but they forced him to remain silent and kept approving loan till May 2014 first appeared in social in March 2018 and was debunked by Boom Live then. In the wake of upcoming general election 2019, this post is again doing rounds in social media and a simple google search will result in fact checked articles on this claim. You can also notice Raghuram Rajan denying such claims in an interview quoting \"Social media has a habit of attributing complete rubbish to me,\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Website offering prizes in the name of Mohammed bin Rashid Ramadan Competition", "evidence": "Ramadan 23\u20133 prizes $3000, $2000, $1000 Ramadan 25\u20133 prizes $3000, $2000, $1000 Ramadan 27\u20135 prizes $3000, $2500, $2000, $1500, $1000", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Website offering prizes in the name of Mohammed bin Rashid Ramadan Competition", "evidence": "Winners of Mohammed Bin Rashid\u2019s ramadan contest was announced in the presence of Raed Barqawi, Executive Editor-in-Chief of Al Khaleej newspaper, among jury members on Tuesday. Ibrahim Mohammed BuMelha, Advisor to His Highness Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum for Cultural and Humanitarian Affairs and Chairman of the Jury for His Highness Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum\u2019s Ayyam Al Kheir Competition, published exclusively by Al Khaleej during the holy month of Ramadan, has announced the winners of the top 10 winners of the Dhs1-million competition and the names of 100 winners of Umrah packages. [...] Meanwhile, Barqawi said Al Khaleej readers and followers were proud of Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum\u2019s Ramadan competition, which was exclusively published by Al Khaleej over the holy month of Ramadan every year.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Website offering prizes in the name of Mohammed bin Rashid Ramadan Competition", "evidence": "This is a phishing campaign that targets individuals during the month of Ramadan using WhatsApp messages. The attack begins with a message from a contact that contains a link to a fraudulent website posing as a competition organized by His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, offering cash prizes for answering questions about Islam. [...] Ramadan Scam \u2013 Mohammed bin Rashid Ramadan Competition [...] \"Urgent.. Mohammed bin Rashid Ramadan Competition\ud83c\udf19 Participate now, answer questions and win daily prizes \ud83d\udcb5 Gifted by His Highness Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Everyone is a winner. Hurry Up From here >> https[:]//mbr3[.]pages[.]dev/\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There is no mention of the laptop scheme in 2017-18 budget", "evidence": "The 2017 Union Budget, presented by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on Wednesday, was broadly focused on 10 themes \u2014 the farming sector, the rural population, the youth, the poor and underprivileged health care, infrastructure, the financial sector for stronger institutions, speedy accountability, public services, prudent fiscal management and tax administration for the honest. [...] - Trade infra export scheme will be launched 2017-18.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Interview of Bill Gates where he was accused of stealing Microsoft Software and making money by promoting COVID-19 vaccines", "evidence": "This viral video was created using DeepFake Technology. In the original video, uploaded on ABC News (Australia) YouTube channel on 31 January 2023, Gates was questioned on climate change, COVID-19 conspiracy theories, rise of Artificial Intelligence, etc. Hence, the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Karnataka football team made to wait outside CM Siddiramaiah\u2019s residence and made to sit outside for 3 hours", "evidence": "Who is Siddaramaiah - the next Karnataka CM? [...] Siddaramaiah's supporters gather outside his residence, pour milk over his poster As reports came in indicating that Siddaramaiah is likely to be named Karnataka CM once again, supporters of the Congress leader gathered outside his home in Bengaluru and poured milk over his poster, raising slogans. Visuals on local channels showed heavy celebrations as supporters burst crackers and danced on the streets. An official announcement is yet to be made by the Congress party on their decision.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Priyanka Gandhi has worn a Christian Cross over her neck during a Congress election rally in Kerala.", "evidence": "The image in the post was the one captured during Priyanka Gandhi\u2019s Uttar Pradesh election campaign in 2017. It was photoshopped by a few to gain political mileage for the upcoming general elections. Hence, the claim made in the post stands FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "More civilians killed under NDA than UPA", "evidence": "Official figures further reveal that more terrorists were killed by the security forces during the BJP's tenure than under the UPA. [...] The number of civilians killed under the current government, however, stands at 100 as compared to 108 under the UPA. Contary to the above-mentioned official data, Surjewala had, on December 29, claimed in a tweet that as many as 134 civilians were killed under the NDA rule, whereas 71 were killed when the UPA was in power.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Social media ads propagating a downloadable variant of Google\u2019s AI chatbot, Bard", "evidence": "Following the recent launch of Google Bard on 10 May 2023, a flurry of advertisements (here and here) have emerged on social media promoting a \u2018downloadable version\u2019 of Google\u2019s AI chatbot. These posts provide a link to what they claim is this downloadable version. This article looks at the authenticity of these claims. [...] These advertisements purport that the provided link offers access to a downloadable version of Google Bard AI. However, considering that Bard is an AI chatbot accessible via a web browser or as a Chrome extension, it\u2019s ill-advised to download any content from such unverified and potentially unsafe sources. The provided link redirects to a website with a URL entirely different from the official Bard AI website, and it hosts a downloadable .EXE file, which could be a form of malicious software. Moreover, there\u2019s a lack of trustworthy online information that corroborates the existence of a downloadable version of Bard AI. In fact, news reports (here and here) warn that cybercriminals are exploiting compromised verified (and unverified) social media accounts to bait users into downloading malware.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Social media ads propagating a downloadable variant of Google\u2019s AI chatbot, Bard", "evidence": "Concerns about the growing abilities of chatbots trained on large language models, such as OpenAI\u2019s GPT-4, Google\u2019s Bard and Microsoft\u2019s Bing Chat, are making headlines. Experts warn of their ability to spread misinformation on a monumental scale, as well as the existential risk their development may pose to humanity. As if this isn\u2019t worrying enough, a third area of concern has opened up \u2013 illustrated by Italy\u2019s recent ban of ChatGPT on privacy grounds. [...] As chatbots become embedded in the internet and social media, the chances of becoming a victim of malware or malicious emails will increase. The UK\u2019s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has warned about the risks of AI chatbots, saying the technology that powers them could be used in cyber-attacks.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Social media ads propagating a downloadable variant of Google\u2019s AI chatbot, Bard", "evidence": "Google Bard, made available to all users as of 10 May 2023, functions exclusively in-browser and is not offered as downloadable software. The links embedded in these advertisements direct to malicious software, posing a risk of potentially compromising sensitive information on the systems where it\u2019s installed. Hence, the claim made in this post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Setu Bharatam project for safer roads. Making all national highways free of railway level crossings, by 2019, by building railway over bridges/under passes. Total outlay of 20, 800 crore rupees.", "evidence": "\"Veins give strength to our body. Similarly, infrastructure will give speed and strength to the development of India. There will be progress if we focus on building road and railway network, optical fibre network, water, grid and electricity connectivity along with electricity supply. Our government is working in that direction,\" Mr. Modi said while launching the Rs. 50,000 crore \u2018Setu Bharatam\u2019 project. The \u2018Setu Bharatam\u2019 project aims to make all national highways free from railway level crossing by 2019 to ensure road safety. Under the project, 208 rail-over bridges and rail-under bridges will be built at the cost of Rs. 20,800 crore, Road Minister Nitin Gadkari said. Also, 1,500 decade-old bridges will be reconstructed and revamped for Rs. 30,000 crore. [...] Published - March 04, 2016 11:44 am IST", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Setu Bharatam project for safer roads. Making all national highways free of railway level crossings, by 2019, by building railway over bridges/under passes. Total outlay of 20, 800 crore rupees.", "evidence": "Setu Bharatam was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 4 March 2016 at a budget of \u20b9102 billion (US$1.2 billion), with an aim to make all national highways free of railway crossings by 2019.[1] Under the project, as many as 208 rails over and under bridges (ROBs/RUBs) would be constructed at unmanned railway crossings on national highways and 1,500 dilapidated British-era bridges would be widened, rehabilitated or replaced in a phased manner at a cost of \u20b9208 billion (US$2.5 billion) and \u20b9300 billion (US$3.6 billion), respectively.[2][3] Setu Bharatam programme aims to make all National Highways free of railway level crossings by 2019. This is being done to prevent the frequent accidents and loss of lives at level crossings. 208 Railway Over Bridges (ROB)/Railway Under Bridges (RUB) will be built at the level crossings at a cost of \u20b920,800 crore as part of the programme.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Setu Bharatam project for safer roads. Making all national highways free of railway level crossings, by 2019, by building railway over bridges/under passes. Total outlay of 20, 800 crore rupees.", "evidence": "Setu Bharatam was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 4 March 2016 at a budget of \u20b9102 billion (US$1.2 billion), with an aim to make all national highways free of railway crossings by 2019.[1] [...] Setu Bharatam programme aims to make all National Highways free of railway level crossings by 2019. This is being done to prevent the frequent accidents and loss of lives at level crossings. 208 Railway Over Bridges (ROB)/Railway Under Bridges (RUB) will be built at the level crossings at a cost of \u20b920,800 crore as part of the programme. [...] - ^ \"PM Modi launches Rs 50,800 cr Setu Bharatam project to ensure highways without railway crossings by 2019\". The Indian Express. 4 March 2016.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "British authorities denied Savarkar the barrister degree and law practice, because Savarkar refused to take the oath of allegiance/loyalty to the British Empire", "evidence": "Chitragupta, Life of Barrister Savarkar (Madras: B. G. Paul & Co., 1926) [...] Longuet, Jean, M\u00e9moire Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 la Cour d'Arbitrage de La Haye au nom de M. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar par Me J. Longuet (Paris, 1911) [...] Vaidya, Prem, Savarkar: A Lifelong Crusader (New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd, 1996)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Hindus who wish to express their support for the Uniform Civil Code should give a missed call to \u20189090902024\u2019 before 06 July 2023", "evidence": "Update (08 July 2023): The Law Commission of India has also issued a disclaimer notice stating that certain phone numbers circulating on social media, which are erroneously linked to the Uniform Civil Code, are not associated with them. Individuals can express their views on the Uniform Civil Code by visiting the website of the Department of Legal Affairs or by sending an email to the Law Commission of India. In light of PM Modi\u2019s recent remarks strongly advocating for the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) and criticizing opposition parties for allegedly inciting minority communities against it, a post is circulating widely on social media platforms claiming that Hindus who wish to express their support for the UCC should give a missed call to \u20189090902024\u2019 before 06 July 2023. Let\u2019s verify the accuracy of this claim. [...] Fact: The Government of India has not launched any missed call initiative for expressing support or opposition to the Uniform Civil Code. Individuals can share their views on the UCC on website of Department of Legal Affairs or by sending e-mail to Law Commission of India. Moreover, the number \u20189090902024\u2019 is linked to a BJP campaign for the 2024 Lok Sabha Polls, where users can give a missed call to show support for the nine years of the Modi Government. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Hindus who wish to express their support for the Uniform Civil Code should give a missed call to \u20189090902024\u2019 before 06 July 2023", "evidence": "Uniform Civil Code \u2013 Public Notice 14/06/2023 28/07/2023", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Hindus who wish to express their support for the Uniform Civil Code should give a missed call to \u20189090902024\u2019 before 06 July 2023", "evidence": "A user named Mukesh Vlogs shared the post on Facebook on January 31, 2024. This post reads, \"Prime Minister Narendra Modi wants to bring a Uniform Civil Code for the entire Indian population. For this, the citizens of the country have been asked to give their opinion. Within two days, 4 crore Muslims and 2 crore Christians have voted against UCC. Therefore, before the deadline 6th July, all Hindus in the country are requested to vote in favour of UCC. Please give a missed call on 9090902024 to support UCC and save the country. Your call will be recorded and will be accepted as support to UCC. Please share this information with all Hindus. Best wishes to all who gave a missed call on 9090902024. Bharat Mata Ki Jai. If you like this message If you share this with more than 100 people, you will be doing a great service to the country.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "RBI issued new guidelines to banks to treat scribbled notes as invalid", "evidence": "Banks Cannot Refuse To Accept Scribbled Bank Notes: RBI [Read Notification] [...] Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has clarified by its notification dated 25th April 2017 that the bank branches cannot refuse to accept scribbled/coloured/faded bank notes.Lately, RBI has received complaints from the general public that bank branches are refusing to take scribbled bank notes or whose colour has faded, particularly the ones in the denomination of INR 500 and INR 2000.Earlier RBI... [...] Thereby, through this notification, RBI has elucidated that bank branches are liable to accept bank notes even though it is scribbled/ coloured/ faded. Such notes are to be treated as soiled notes. In case, bank branches fail to accept such notes then it may invite punitive action.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "RBI issued new guidelines to banks to treat scribbled notes as invalid", "evidence": "Recently, the Union government issued a clarification about scribbling on bank notes after a viral image stated that the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released new guidelines, under which writing on a note renders it invalid. The circulated message read: \"As per New Guidelines of Reserve Bank of India, Writing anything on new notes makes the note invalid & it will no more be a legal tender.\" [...] \"NO, Bank notes with scribbling are not invalid & continue to be legal tender. Under the Clean Note Policy, people are requested not to write on the currency notes as it defaces them & reduces their life,\" the PIB tweeted, with a graphic of the fake message that was circulated online.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "It is not mandatory for a woman to submit her marriage certificate or divorce decree while applying for passport", "evidence": "You must provide an original or certified copy* of identity/citizenship status documentation during the application process and the names on all documents must match exactly with the name provided on the application. If you have legally changed your name, you must provide an original or certified name change document (such as marriage certificates and divorce decrees) in addition to the required documentation. Please bring one of the documents in List A to an application center.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Provided for penalties for offences committed against persons with disabilities (PwDs)", "evidence": "Shri Gehlot informed that the Bill provides for penalties for offences committed against persons with disabilities. Designated special courts have been proposed to handle cases concerning violation of rights of PwDs. The Minister said that the additional benefits have been provided for persons with benchmark disabilities and those with high support needs. Every child with benchmark disability between the age group of 6 and 18 years shall have the right to free education. He said that it has been proposed to increase reservation from 3% to 4% in Government jobs for certain persons or class of persons with benchmark disability. [...] xiii. The Bill provides for penalties for offences committed against persons with disabilities. xiv.Designated special Courts have been proposed to handle cases concerning violation of rights of PwDs.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Provided for penalties for offences committed against persons with disabilities (PwDs)", "evidence": "Constitutional Provisions on Disability - Article 41 of the Constitution of India declares that the State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provisions for securing the right to work to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement and in other cases of undeserved want. [...] - Penalties for offences: Provides for penalties for offences committed against persons with disabilities and violation of provisions of the new law. [...] A central sector scheme under the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The Titanic ship was switched with the HMS Olympic and deliberately sunk as part of an insurance fraud scheme", "evidence": "A video circulating on social media is promoting a conspiracy theory surrounding the sinking of the Titanic. According to the theory, the Titanic ship never sunk and it was actually the HMS Olympic, one of the Titanic\u2019s sister ships, that was deliberately sunk. The theory suggests that the Olympic, which had been damaged in an accident, was returned to the manufacturer for repairs while the Titanic was under construction. To recoup the losses from the accident and claim the insurance, the company allegedly switched the names of the two ships, and the Titanic was then deliberately sunk, resulting in the loss of over 1500 lives. The video claims that the source of these claims was Robin Gardner. Let\u2019s check the veracity of these claims. [...] To sum it up, the evidence gathered from various sources including historical documents, shipbuilding records, and testimonies from experts, researchers, and historians strongly suggests that there is no basis to support the claims that the Titanic was switched with the Olympic and intentionally sunk for insurance fraud. Therefore, the theory remains a baseless and unfounded conspiracy.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Titanic ship was switched with the HMS Olympic and deliberately sunk as part of an insurance fraud scheme", "evidence": "Gardiner and van der Vat's theory runs like so: The Titanic did not sink. Rather, her damaged and almost identical sister-ship the Olympic was substituted and deliberately sunk in her place as part of a gigantic insurance fraud. [...] This, the theory continues, was accomplished with a simple switch. To the untrained eye, the Olympic and the Titanic were almost identical, and so a clandestine slight-of-hand was accomplished while the two ships were in dock together at the Harland and Wolff yard at Belfast in March, 1912. Name-plates, life-belts and so forth were secretly swapped. The Olympic\" now disguised as the Titanic, was patched up and deliberately sailed into a known ice-field... The authors stress that this is not a mass murder conspiracy, but \"an insurance fraud which went horribly wrong.\" The plan, they speculate, was that the \"Olympic/Titanic\" would indeed hit an iceberg, but that her water-tight compartments would keep her afloat for long enough for other ships of the same line safely to take off all the passengers and crew before the great ship went down. Unfortunately for all concerned, they claim, the liner's \"ever-impetuous\" Captain Smith got it \"wrong\" and hit the ice-field early, resulting in massive and terrible loss of life.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Bridges over Narmada at Bharuch and Chambal at Kota.", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes three claims about the tunnels and bridges in India constructed during the 48 months of the government. This article is a fact check of these claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Bridges over Narmada at Bharuch and Chambal at Kota.", "evidence": "The second claim is that bridges over Narmada at Bharuch and Chambal at Kota have been built. The annual report of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (2017-18) states that, \u2018a new four lane, extra-dosed bridge across river narmada at baruch, was inaugurated by the prime minister in March 2017, has brought relief for the people travelling on the vadidara-surat section of NH-8.\u2019 The 1.4 kilometre extra dosed cable stayed bridge is the second such bridge in the country and the longest. The report also states that \u2018a 6-lane cable stayed bridge across river Chambal at Kota was inaugurated by the Prime Minister in August 2017.\u2019 It was built at a cost of Rs. 278 crores and marks the completion of the east-west corridor. [...] Fact: The bridge over Narmada at Baruch was approved during the UPA and has been constructed by the present government. The bridge on Chambal at Kota has been under construction since 2006 before a part of it collapsed in 2009. The current government completed the bridge. Since both the previous government and the current government had a role to play in the construction of these bridges, the claim is PARTLY TRUE.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Bridges over Narmada at Bharuch and Chambal at Kota.", "evidence": "Nayapura Chambal Bridge, Kota [...] Chawni Fly Over, Kota", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "GrAMs, electronically linked to e-NAM, to make direct sale to consumers and bulk purchasers.", "evidence": "About GrAMs - GrAMs are defined as \"Retail agricultural markets in close proximity of the farm gate that promote and service a more efficient transaction of the farmers\u2019 produces across the agricultural sub-sectors, by enabling both direct sales, between the producer and consumer, and aggregation of small produce-lots for subsequent transaction, both of which can occur either physically or online\".[iv] - These GrAMs, electronically linked to e-NAM and exempted from regulations of APMCs, will provide farmers facility of direct sale to consumers and bulk purchasers.[v] [...] Objectives of GrAMs - Direct sale: The farmer-producers may offer any of their Agri-produce on sale directly to the consumers without having to go through the market regulations. The consumer could be a retail purchaser or a bulk purchaser (trader, processor, exporter etc); and the sale can occur through a physical negotiation or via an online trade platform like e-NAM. The disintermediation of such a transaction will result in transferring maximum value to the farmer on his produce.[vi]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "GrAMs, electronically linked to e-NAM, to make direct sale to consumers and bulk purchasers.", "evidence": "These GrAMs, electronically linked to e-NAM and exempted from regulations of APMCs, will provide farmers facility to make direct sale to consumers and bulk purchasers. Moreover, an Agri-Market Infrastructure Fund with a corpus of Rs.2000 crore will be setup for developing and upgrading agricultural marketing infrastructure in the 22000 Grameen Agricultural Markets (GrAMs) and 585APMCs. He said, so far 470 APMCs have been connected to e-NAM network and rest will be connected by March, 2018. Shri Jaitley announced Rs 200 crore for organized cultivation of highly specialized medicinal and aromatic plants and said that the organic farming by Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) and Village Producers\u2019 Organizations (VPOs) in large clusters, preferably of 1000 hectares each will be encouraged. Similarly, allocation of Ministry of Food Processing has been doubled from Rs.715 crore in 2017-18 to Rs.1400 crore in 2018-19. Terming Bamboo as \u2018Green Gold\u2019, the Finance Minister announced a Re-structured National Bamboo Mission with an outlay of Rs.1290 crore to promote bamboo sector in a holistic manner. Under Prime Minister Krishi Sinchai Yojna-Har Khet ko Pani, 96 deprived irrigation districts will be taken up with an allocation of Rs 2600 crore.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) introduced in Nov 2015. Around 4 crore doses administered to children.", "evidence": "- - 3.15 crore children vaccinated - 80.58 lakh children fully immunized - 80.63 lakh pregnant female immunized - 91.94 lakh vitamin A doses administered - 79.73 lakh ORS packets distributed - 2.73crore zinc tablets distributed - Intensified Mission Indradhanushlaunched by PM on 8th October 2017 at Vadnagar, Gujarat to cover 121 districts, 17 urban areas and 52 districts of NE states (total 190 districts/urban areas across 24 states) for intensified immunization campaign. [...] In concurrence with the World Polio End Game strategy, IPV was introduced in November 2015 in six states and expanded throughout the country by June 2016. Till December\u201917, nearly 3.87 crore doses of IPV have been administered to children across the country since its introduction. [...] - Till January\u201918, more than 14 lakh doses of PCV have been administered to children across above mentioned areas.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) introduced in Nov 2015. Around 4 crore doses administered to children.", "evidence": "Participating in the Global Polio Endgame Strategy (2013\u20132018), by introducing a highly effective IPV, in addition to OPV in routine immunization, it was introduced on November 30, 2015, and globally synchronized switch activity from trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV) was achieved on April 25, 2016, with Global Alliance for Vaccine Initiative (GAVI) and NTAGI that recommended IPV introduction as an additional dose along with third dose of DPT in the entire country in the first quarter of 2016.11 This was followed by introduction of the fractional intradermal dose IPV (f-IPV) in two doses at 6 weeks and 14 weeks replacing the single-dose intramuscular schedule. As IPV is an inactivated vaccine, it carries no risk of vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) and vaccine-derived polio virus (VDPP). Injectable polio vaccine provides excellent humoral immunity and also boosts intestinal mucosal immunity in OPV-primed children. Recent studies in India and Bangladesh have shown that two f-IPV intradermal doses provide similar levels of protection as compared with one full intramuscular IPV dose.12 The primary role of IPV will be to maintain immunity against type II poliovirus while removing all polio virus serotypes globally.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Social security has been made a nationwide phenomenon with Jan Suraksha", "evidence": "The government has published an infographic that makes certain claims about financial inclusion and insurance. Here is a fact check of these claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Social security has been made a nationwide phenomenon with Jan Suraksha", "evidence": "The next claim is that social security has been made a nationwide phenomenon with Jan Suraksha. It also claims that more than 19 crore people have been insured against life and accident risk or ensured pension. As per an answer provided by the government in Lok Sabha, \"Three social security schemes were launched in May 2015 pertaining to the Insurance and Pension Sectors namely Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) and the Atal Pension Yojana (APY) in a move towards creating a universal social security system, targeted especially for the poor and the underprivileged. The schemes provide essential and affordable social protection to all citizens in a convenient manner linked to auto-debit facility from bank accounts. These schemes address the issue of low coverage of life or accident insurance and old age income security in the country.\" PMJJBY was launched in May 2015 and it offers life cover of Rs. 2 lakh to all subscribing bank account holders in the age group of 18 to 50 years, covering death due to any reason, for a premium of Rs.330 per annum per subscriber. The scheme is administered through LIC and other Life Insurance companies willing to offer the product on similar terms. PMJJBY covers death by any cause including suicide and murder. According to the latest progress report on the Jan Suraksha website, a gross enrollment of 5.3 crore has been reported by banks.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Farm credit target has been raised to a record high of 11 lakh crore rupees for 2018-19.", "evidence": "New Delhi: The farm credit target is likely to be raised by a whopping Rs 1 lakh crore to a record Rs 11 lakh crore in the Budget 2018-19 to improve credit flow in the agriculture sector, according to sources. In the current fiscal, the government has kept a credit target of Rs 10 lakh crore. Of which, Rs 6.25 lakh crore has already been disbursed in the first six months till September 2017, the government data showed. \"The government\u2019s priority is agriculture. There is a possibility that the credit disbursal target for the agriculture sector will further be increased to Rs 11 lakh crore for the next fiscal,\" sources said. Since credit is a critical input in achieving higher farm output, the institutional credit will help delink farmers from non-institutional sources of credit where they are compelled to borrow at usurious rates of interest, they said. Normally, farm loan attracts an interest rate of 9 percent. But the government has been providing interest subvention to make available short-term farm credit at an affordable rate and help boost farm output. The government is providing 2 percent interest subsidy to ensure farmers get short-term farm loan of up to Rs 3 lakh at an effective rate of 7 percent per annum. An additional incentive of 3 percent is being given to farmers for prompt repayment of loans within due date, making an effective interest rate for them at 4 percent.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Farm credit target has been raised to a record high of 11 lakh crore rupees for 2018-19.", "evidence": "The third claim is that farm credit target has been raised to a record high of 11 lakh crore rupees for 2018-19. The Finance minister, in his budget speech (2018-19) announced that the target for the institutional credit for the agricultural sector has been raised to 11 lakh crore rupees from 10 lakh crores in 2017-18 and from 8.5 lakh crore in 2014-15. In the 2013-14 budget, the then Finance Minister had announced increasing the target of farm credit to 7 lakh crore rupees for 2013-14. The following graph shows the increase in farm credit targets in the Union budget since 2009-10. The data has been gathered from the union budget speeches over the years.Successive governments have increased farm credit target every year. During the 2nd term of UPA between 2009-10 to 2013-14, the farm credit target increased from 3.3 lakh crore rupees to 7 lakh crore rupees (an increase of more than 100%). On the other hand, during the current government, the farm credit target has increased from 8 lakh crore rupees in 2014-15 to 11 lakh crore rupees in 2018-19 (an increase of about 40%). [...] Fact: Farm credit target has been set at 11 lakh crores in the budget of 2018-19. Though it is a record high, this is inline with the increase that happens every year during successive governments. Hence, the claim is PARTLY TRUE. It also has to be noted that successive governments have increased the farm credit target and the increase during the UPA-2 was over 100%, more than the percentage increase during the current government.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Bhutan has become the first country in the world without Mosques", "evidence": "A post is being shared on social media claiming that Bhutan has become the first Mosque-free country in the world. The post claims that there is not even a single Mosque in Bhutan for Muslims to offer their religious prayers. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] Upon further research, we found that there are a few countries like Monaco and Slovakia where there are no Mosques for Muslims until now. From all these pieces of evidence, it can be concluded that Bhutan is not the only nation without Mosques in the world. To sum it up, Monaco and Slovakia are a few other nations that have no Mosques in their countries like Bhutan.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Government paying compensation in case of accidental deaths", "evidence": "\u00a78102. Compensation for disability or death of employee (a) The United States shall pay compensation as specified by this subchapter for the disability or death of an employee resulting from personal injury sustained while in the performance of his duty, unless the injury or death is-- (1) caused by willful misconduct of the employee; [...] \u00a78133. Compensation in case of death (a) If death results from an injury sustained in the performance of duty, the United States shall pay a monthly compensation equal to a percentage of the monthly pay of the deceased employee in accordance with the following schedule: [...] Compensation paid under this subsection is instead of all other compensation from the United States for the same injury or death, and a payment made under this subsection is deemed compensation under this subchapter and is satisfaction of all liability of the United States in respect to the particular injury or death.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "AMRIT pharmacies provide drugs for cancer and cardiovascular diseases at a discount of 60 to 90 percent", "evidence": "AMRIT pharmacy outlets which is a revolutionary step towards giving relief to the common man will provide 164 medicines (branded drugs) for cancer, 191 for cardio-vascular diseases and 5,200 other Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are now being given at 50-90 per cent less price to the patient. [...] India\u2019s first pharmacy retail store came into being at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) that will provide drugs for cancer and cardiovascular diseases at a 60 to 90 per cent discount on prevailing market rates. The pharmacy which is branded AMRIT (Affordable Medicines and Reliable Implants for Treatment), will also provide cardiac implants that will be sold at 50 to 60 per cent discount. [...] The chief minister, who along with Nadda also laid the foundation stone of Super Speciality block of IGMC Complex to be constructed at Chamyana, 20 km from Shimla said, \"AMRIT Pharmacy outlet in IGMC campus will provide medicines at 70 to 90 per cent cheaper rates. \"The launch of this would be a major relief for the patients who cannot afford costly medicines for treatment of cancer, cardiac and other diseases. This will also enable the patients to purchase medicines under one roof.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "AMRIT pharmacies provide drugs for cancer and cardiovascular diseases at a discount of 60 to 90 percent", "evidence": "The third claim is that \u2018AMRIT pharmacies provide drugs for cancer and cardiovascular diseases at a discount of 60 to 90 percent\u2019. As per information shared in the Lok Sabha, AMRIT (Affordable Medicines and Reliable Implants for Treatment) Pharmacies are being opened and operated by M/s.HLL Lifecare Ltd., a Central Public Sector Undertaking (CPSU) of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, with an objective of providing affordable medicines for treatment of Cancer, Cardiovascular and other diseases, stents, implants, surgical disposables and other consumables, thereby reducing the out of pocket expenses. The first AMRIT pharmacy was opened in November 2015 at AIIMS, New Delhi. [...] Fact: AMRIT pharmacies provide drugs for cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases, stents, implants, surgical disposables and other consumables. The average discount that patients can avail ranges from 50 to 55%. Hence, the claim is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "AMRIT pharmacies provide drugs for cancer and cardiovascular diseases at a discount of 60 to 90 percent", "evidence": "Affordable Medicines And Reliable Implants For Treatment (AMRIT) The AMRIT pharmacies provide drugs for cancer and cardiovascular diseases along with cardiac implants at a 60 to 90 per cent discount on prevailing market rates. - As of now 124 stores have been opened so far across 22 states selling over 5200 drugs (including cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, stents, etc), implants, surgical disposables and other consumables at significant discount of up to 50 % on market rates.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The time taken for environmental approvals has been brought down to 180 days from 600 days.", "evidence": "6. The license must not be issued until the Administrator of the Division is satisfied that the proposed facility will be in compliance with the applicable codes concerning safety of human life, environmental health, and building and zoning, as established respectively by the State Fire Marshal, the State Board of Health and the appropriate local government. A report of inspection by the State Fire Marshal or the Division, finding satisfactory conditions, may be accepted by the Administrator as proof of compliance with the applicable regulations. [...] 9. If the applicant and the proposed facility are in compliance with the provisions of this chapter, as shown by his or her application and related material and the investigation, a license will be issued to the applicant within 30 days after completion of the investigation. [...] 1. To maintain his or her license, the licensee must ensure that his or her facility meets all standards for environmental health which are established by the Division.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Visual capture of the occurrence of snowfall in the great mosque of Mecca", "evidence": "A viral video of snowfall in the Grand Mosque of Mecca has been widely making rounds on social media in the past few days. However, an official weather institution in Saudi Arabia has debunked the video. [...] The footage shows men and women enjoying the snowfall, while some even shooting the phenomenon on their phones or taking selfies. Even a policeman is seen carrying an umbrella. [...] Arab Weather, an account on Twitter, corroborated the news, tweeting, \"Disclaimer: The circulating video titled \u2018For the first time snow in Makkah Al-Mukarramah 1-1-2023\u2019 is a technically modified video using filters, knowing that the temperature in Makkah today reached 30 degrees Celsius, and it is not climatically prepared for snowfall.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Visual capture of the occurrence of snowfall in the great mosque of Mecca", "evidence": "Great Mosque of Mecca, mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, built to enclose the Kaaba, the holiest shrine in Islam. As one of the destinations of the hajj and \u02bfumrah pilgrimages, it receives millions of worshippers each year. The oldest parts of the modern structure date to the 16th century.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Mob lynched a Christian and set him on fire over blasphemy charges in Pakistan\u2019s Nankana Sahib", "evidence": "The deceased in the mob lynching incident that took place recently in Pakistan\u2019s Nankana Sahib is identified as Muhammad Waris, a Muslim. Multiple news agencies have reported this. Even the concerned police official confirmed that deceased is a Muslim. However, we could not find any report associating the viral visuals to the recent incident. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Mob lynched a Christian and set him on fire over blasphemy charges in Pakistan\u2019s Nankana Sahib", "evidence": "A victim of blasphemy mob lynching in Pakistan [...] In February of 2023, a charged mob entered the police station located in the Nankana Sahib district of Punjab. They proceeded to violently attack and kill a man who was being detained there. This individual had been accused of desecrating the Holy Quran, and some local residents had accused him of engaging in witchcraft. After the Nankana Sahib incident, PM Shehbaz Sharif launched an investigation and voiced his concern about the police\u2019s failure to prevent the charged mob from committing violence. However, in 2018, when Shehbaz Sharif was the Chief Minister of the Punjab province in Pakistan, he was observed inaugurating a new OPD block at the Services Hospital that was named after Ghazi Ilm-ud-din. The same individual who killed Raj Pal over an alleged blasphemy incident. This raises questions about the message that Shehbaz Sharif was sending by dedicating a building in honour of a murderer [21]. If a building can be named after Ghazi Ilm-ud-din, who was responsible for committing a murder in the name of blasphemy, then one could expect a building to also be named after Mumtaz Qadri, who committed a similar act. Khalid, or the charged mob that lynched an individual in the Nankana Sahib district. After all, all of them committed the same act of killing an alleged blasphemer. This kind of hypocrisy is concerning, where on one hand, there are actions being taken, but on the other hand, there are tributes being paid.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "A group of people getting electrocuted during Sri Ramanavami Procession for dancing in front of a Mosque.", "evidence": "2 groups clash, hurl stones over Ram Navami procession in front of Lucknow mosque The incident allegedly took place in a Lucknow village after a group of people played loud music in front of the mosque. [...] ALSO READ | 1 dead, several others injured during Ram Navami procession in Bengal's Dalkhola", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A group of people getting electrocuted during Sri Ramanavami Procession for dancing in front of a Mosque.", "evidence": "HASSAN: Tension prevailed for a while at Megalakeri Extension of Channarayapatna town after a youth in a particular community allegedly stabbed two people during the procession of Rama Navami celebrations on Friday. SP Hariram Shankar said the incident occurred over \u2018personal rivalry\u2019. The injured have been identified as Muruli and Chetan of the same extension and they are undergoing treatment at taluk hospital. The incident occurred when the procession passed in front of a masjid where a group of youths was airing slogans against Sri Rama.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "India\u2019s National Anthem \u2018Jana Gana Mana\u2019 is declared by the UNESCO as the best anthem in the world.", "evidence": "An old debunked Facebook post was being shared by people again claiming that the Indian National Anthem \u2018Jana Gana Mana\u2019 was declared by UNESCO as the best anthem in the world. Let\u2019s try to analyze it. [...] Fact: UNESCO\u2019s official website has a document saying that the news \u2018Jana Gana Mana\u2019 declared by the UNESCO as the best anthem in the world is a rumor. Hence the claim is FALSE When visited the official UNESCO website , a document was found regarding various rumors and fake news spread across the world in the name of UNESCO. In that document it can be found that the news \u2018Jana Gana Mana\u2019 being declared as the world\u2019s best anthem by UNESCO was one of the favorite rumors.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "India\u2019s National Anthem \u2018Jana Gana Mana\u2019 is declared by the UNESCO as the best anthem in the world.", "evidence": "Another favourite Indian rumour involving UNESCO is the claim that India\u2019s national anthem\u2013Jana Gana Mana\u2013has been declared the \"Best National Anthem In The World\". The fake news started in 2008 through email and then caught the UN agency\u2019s attention. \"We are aware of several blogs in India reporting this story, but can assure you that UNESCO has made no such announcement concerning the anthem of India or any country,\" a UNESCO official toldIndia Today in 2008. [...] Congratulations!! ?Our National Anthem \"Jana Gana Mana. \"is now declared as \"THE BEST ANTHEM OF THE WORLD\" By UNESCO.!PROUD to be an INDIAN. [...] It isn't an independence day without \"UNESCO declared india's National Anthem the best\" message on whatsapp, especially on the family group.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Payment of wages to workers within 15 days in 85% of the cases as compared to long delays in the past.", "evidence": "The first claim is that \u2018payment of wages to workers within 15 days in 85% of the cases as compared to long delays in the past\u2019. [...] As per the Government\u2019s MIS system, timely payment of wages has been made in 84.52% cases in 2017-18. However, a research paper by Azim Premji University that analysed a large sample of this data concludes that only 32% of the wage payments have been made on time (payments reaching the wage seeker) contrary to the claims of 85%. [...] Fact: As per the Government\u2019s MIS system, timely payment of wages has been made in 84.52% cases in 2017-18. However, a research paper by Azim Premji University that analysed a large sample of data concludes that only 32% of the wage payments have been made on time (payments reaching the wage seeker) contrary to the claims of 85%. Moreover, the government clarified in 2017 that the delays are calculated only until the Funds Transfer Order (FTO) is generated at the block/panchayat level. It does not take into account the actual receipt of the payment by the worker. Hence the claim is PARTLY TRUE.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Congress party leaders sat before a banner that reads \u2018\u2026Chor Group Meeting.\u2019", "evidence": "An image constituting senior leaders of the Indian National Congress (INC) is being shared on social media. The picture shows INC leaders Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi, former Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, and other members chairing an event. The banner in the background reads, \"\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 Indian National Congress Chor Group Meeting.\" (Chor=Thief) [...] A background banner from an Indian National Congress event reads, \"Chor Group Meeting.\" (Chor=Thief) [...] Clearly, the shared image is morphed, and the text \"Chor Group Meeting\" is added here with the help of editing tools.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "BBC removes Kashmir from the Indian map", "evidence": "An old screenshot taken from a BBC News video story, which shows a map of India excluding Jammu and Kashmir, has been revived amidst calls to ban the broadcaster's two-part documentary on Prime Minister Narendra Modi. [...] Against this backdrop, a screenshot of BBC's website showing a map of India minus Jammu and Kashmir, is circulating on Twitter. [...] The same screenshot was tweeted by Rishi Bagree with the caption, \"BBC removes Kashmir from Indian Map.\" Click here to view the tweet's archive.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "BBC removes Kashmir from the Indian map", "evidence": "Twitter India boss in police case over Kashmir map [...] The map, which has now been removed, did not include Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh as part of India in the \"Tweep Life\" section of Twitter on Sunday.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Scenes of protesters firing machine guns during recent clashes in Manipur", "evidence": "Manipur Police has procured machine guns, but why? [...] Amid the escalation in attacks by militants on civilian targets, Manipur Police has procured medium machine guns (MMGs), and sought the Indian Army's help in training its personnel for their use. The upgrade of the arsenal by Manipur Police with military-grade sophisticated weapons is raising some questions. [...] \"@BJP4India Government approved the use of Medium Machine Guns (MMG) for the communal Police Commandos in the already violence escalation state, Manipur. Let's wait for how it deploys and on whom,\" posted Haokip on September 6.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Scenes of protesters firing machine guns during recent clashes in Manipur", "evidence": "As armed clashes ramped up on Thursday, social media footage showed masked gunmen, apparently affiliated with the protesters, firing RPGs and AK-47s from alleyways and from behind garbage dumps and street barriers.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Document mentioning certain bizarre conditions under which Pakistan\u2019s former PM Imran Khan was arrested.", "evidence": "Imran Khan: What led to charismatic Pakistan PM's downfall Imran Khan has been ousted as Pakistan's prime minister after a vote of no confidence in parliament. But what led to his downfall? [...] Imran Khan's supporters blame global conditions, but public resentment against him has been rising. \"The Sharifs might've filled themselves up, but at least they got work done,\" has become a common grumble.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "India ranked 9th on the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in 2016 \u2013 World Investment Report 2017.", "evidence": "Recipients [edit]The World Investment Report 2020 by the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) said that India was the 9th largest recipient of FDI in 2019, with $51 billion of inflow during the year, an increase from $42 billion of FDI received in 2018, when India ranked 12 among the top 20 host economies in the world. In the \" Development Asia\" region, India was among top 5 host economies for FDI. The report said that global FDI flows are forecast to decrease by up to 40% in 2020, from their 2019 value of US$1.54 trillon. According to Financial Times, in 2015 India overtook China and United States as the top destination for the FDI. In first half of 2015 India attracted investment of $31 billion compared to $28 billion and $27 billion of China and US respectively. Data for 2019\u20132020 indicates that services sector attracted the highest FDI equity inflow of US$7.85 billion, followed by computer software and hardware at US$7.67 billion, telecommunications sector at US$4.44 billion, and trading at US$4.57 billion. [...] India was ranking 15th in the world in 2013 in term of FDI inflow, it rose up to 9th position in 2014[17][unreliable source?] while in 2015 India became top destination for foreign direct investment.[18] The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade and Invest India has developed the India Investment Grid (IIG) which provides a pan-India database of projects from Indian promoters for promoting and facilitating foreign investments.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "India ranked 9th on the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in 2016 \u2013 World Investment Report 2017.", "evidence": "Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the investment through capital instruments by a person resident outside India - (a) in an unlisted Indian company OR - (b) in 10 per cent or more of the post-issue paid-up equity capital on a fully diluted basis of a listed Indian company. [...] FDI inflows in India increased to $55.56 bn in 2015-16, $60.22 billion in 2016-17, $60.97 bn in 2017-18, and $62.00 bn (provisional figure) in 2018-19. India has attracted around $74 bn investments across sectors during 2019-20. [...] Foreign Direct Investment in India: Top Countries (2000-2019)", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Special banking arrangement of Rs. 10,000 crores to clear fertilizer subsidy dues.", "evidence": "Special Banking Arrangement (SBA) for payment of outstanding subsidy [...] The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has accorded the ex-post facto approval for implementation of Special Banking Arrangement (SBA) for Rs. 10,000 crore for payment of outstanding claims on account of fertilizer subsidy in the year 2016-17. CCEA has also approved that, in future, Department of Fertilizers would avail the SBA with the concurrence of Department of Expenditure. [...] Government is making available fertilizers, namely Urea and 21 grades of P&K fertilizers to farmers at subsidized prices through fertilizer manufacturers/importers. For making funds available to the fertilizer companies against their subsidy claims, Ministry of Finance had approved SBA for an amount of Rs. 10,000 crore with Government interest liability limited to G-Sec rate. Accordingly, an SBA was worked out with SBI for an amount of Rs. 10,000 crore to meet the outstanding subsidy claims of fertilizer companies. The loan together with Government interest thereon has been repaid from BE 2017-18 within the sanctioned budget.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Special banking arrangement of Rs. 10,000 crores to clear fertilizer subsidy dues.", "evidence": "(10) DIRECT BENEFIT TRANSFER SCHEME IN FERTILIZER SUBSIDY SCHEME AND ITS EEXPECTED BENEFITS TO FARMERS: - \u00b7 The Pilot project has been implemented in 17 districts out of the projected 19 districts. [...] 11.)Special Banking Arrangement (SBA) of Rs. 10,000 crores has been approved in Budget 2017 to clear fertilizer subsidy dues. Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has accorded the ex-post facto approval for implementation of SBA.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Recent picture of US President Joe Biden having ice cream in Ukraine\u2019s capital city Kyiv", "evidence": "10 incredibly important photos of Joe Biden eating ice cream [...] Biden's love of ice cream has gotten the president all giddy, too. They haven't even purchased it yet and they already can't control their excitement. The most famous Biden-with-ice-cream photo.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Recent picture of Deepika Padukone posing in saffron-coloured heels", "evidence": "The post shared Deepika Padukone\u2019s old photo taken at the Cannes International Film Festival in 2019. The photo is old and has nothing to do with the ongoing controversy over Shah Rukh Khan and Deepika Padukone\u2019s starrer film \u2018Pathaan\u2019. Hence, the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Recent picture of Deepika Padukone posing in saffron-coloured heels", "evidence": "These guys are obsessed with women\u2019s clothes and their entire weltanschauung seems to revolve around them. First it was jeans and tops in colleges, then salwar-kameez, then the hijab and burqua, and now its the bikini. They just can\u2019t seem to make up their weakened minds about what women should wear. And it\u2019s not just the garment, it\u2019s also its colour. Deepika\u2019s saffron bikini has caused them huge offence (though I personally felt that the sight of her in that thong on the beach resembled a golden Aphrodite rising from the waves, but then I\u2019m aware that not many of these bikini watchers have a flair for Greek mythology). Which too would have been fine and not occasioned a mass migration: my PIO respondents said they could live without saffron underwear, but the question that arose was- which colour underwear could they then wear without raising any, well, hackles (to put it politely)?", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Recent picture of Deepika Padukone posing in saffron-coloured heels", "evidence": "A photograph of Bollywood actor Deepika Padukone, wearing a blue and white stripped pant suit with saffron-coloured footwear, has gone viral. [...] The claim: People shared the image to claim that she wore a saffron shoe recently to mock the people who have been protesting against the movie. [...] Conclusion: Deepika Padukone didn't pose in saffron shoes to mock the 'Boycott Pathaan' trend. The viral image is from 2019, before the outrage against the movie began.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Modi government reconstructed the Sharda Peeth temple situated in PoK", "evidence": "On March 22, Union Home Minister Amit Shah said that the government will move forward to open Sharda Peeth on the lines of the Kartarpur corridor. And on April 1, the government of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir proposed that Kashmiri Pandits and Hindus living in India should be allowed to visit the historic Sharda Peeth temple situated in the PoK, echoing Shah\u2019s plan. Sharda Peeth, an important pilgrimage site for Hindus, is located in the Neelum Valley of PoK in close proximity to the village of Teetwal in the Kupwara district of Jammu and Kashmir, right along the Line of Control (LoC). [...] \"The reconstruction of Maa Sharda\u2019s temple in Kupwara is a necessary and important step in the direction of discovery of Sharda-civilisation and promotion of Sharda-script,\" Amit Shah said while underlining the significance of the corridor. \"Once upon a time, Sharda Peeth was considered the centre of knowledge in the Indian subcontinent. Scholars from all over the country used to come here in search of scriptures and spiritual knowledge. Sharda script is the original script of our Kashmir, which has been named after Maa Sharda.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Modi government reconstructed the Sharda Peeth temple situated in PoK", "evidence": "Union government reconstructed the Sharda Devi temple located in Kupwara, on the Indian side of LoC, whereas the Sharda Peeth is in PoK and has been inaccessible for Indian pilgrims since 1947. The post wrongly compares images of Sharda Peeth with that of the newly constructed Sharda Devi temple. There could at least be 40-50 km distance between these two temples. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "TRS MLA Harish Rao set to join BJP.", "evidence": "They also took TRS legislator T Harish Rao, BJP MLA G Kishan Reddy and party leader K Laxman \u2018\u2018hostage.\u2019\u2019 They relented only after the Telangana Joint Action Committee leaders announced that all MLAs from the region would have to resign by Wednesday. They let doctors conduct posHYDERABAD: After a brief lull, the Telangana movement picked up steam again on Tuesday with the alleged suicide of an MCA student on the Osmania University campus. [...] The Joint Action Committee (JAC) of Telangana leaders from all political parties held an emergency meeting at a hotel here in Vidyanagar soon after news of the student\u2019s death spread and decided to advance its \u2018\u2018deadline\u2019\u2019 for all public representatives in the region to resign, from Jan 28 to Jan 20. The JAC also decided to bring pressure on Speaker N Kiran Kumar Reddy to accept T legislators\u2019 resignations from Thursday. But apparently keen on staying one step ahead of the others, Telangana Rashtra Samiti (TRS) MLAs marched to Kiran Kumar Reddy\u2019s residence demanding that their resignations be accepted. They also staged a demonstration at his residence only to be arrested by the police. They were later let off.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "TRS MLA Harish Rao set to join BJP.", "evidence": "At the end of the newspaper article, it is written that readers are advised to remember this is April Fool\u2019s Day. Also, Harish Rao countered the claim by terming it as \u2018fake news\u2019 on his Twitter account. So, the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "TRS MLA Harish Rao set to join BJP.", "evidence": "A post with a newspaper article link is being shared on Facebook by many users claiming that Harish Rao, a TRS MLA, is going to join BJP. Let\u2019s try to analyze the claim made in the post. [...] Harish Rao reacted to this news by tweeting through his official Twitter account. He termed the article as \u2018fake news\u2019 and also, asked the outlet which published this article to issue an apology. Finally, TRS MLA Harish Rao is not joining BJP. It\u2019s just an April Fool prank.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Under the UPA II, the average annual MSP growth rate was 19.3%, under the NDA government; this has fallen to 3.6%", "evidence": "A press release issued in the name of former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh on 07th May 2018 mentioned about the MSP growth rates during the UPA II and the current NDA government. We fact check the claim.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Under the UPA II, the average annual MSP growth rate was 19.3%, under the NDA government; this has fallen to 3.6%", "evidence": "Data for each indicator was sourced from national and international databases, including the World Bank, the IMF, and national statistical agencies, such as the CMIE. The comparison spans two regimes: UPA's (starting in 2004) and NDA's (starting in 2014). Data was captured using either Financial Year (from April 1 to March 31) or Calendar Year (from January 1 to December 31), depending on the availability of data. The regimes were compared based on these indicators' absolute values and rate of change. While insightful, it's imperative to note that these indicators are influenced by various factors, including global trends and policy changes, and should be interpreted within a broader context.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A woman gets garlanded, and kisses are blown at her while joining the Congress party in Karnataka", "evidence": "A video is being circulated on social media in which a man garlands a woman and then blows kisses at her. A social media post sharing this video describes it as a unique way a woman is honoured for joining Congress in Karnataka. Let\u2019s fact-check this claim through this article. [...] Upon investigation, it was found that the video shows Tara Prasad Bahinipati, an MLA from Odisha, garlanding his wife, Meenakshi Bahinipati, and blowing kisses at her. [...] To sum up, this post wrongly identifies the woman in this video as a Congress minister from Karnataka; she is a Congress leader from Odisha.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "A woman can choose whether the name in the passport should be of her mother or the father and not both parents.", "evidence": "\"Now women won\u2019t have to give their divorce or marriage certificates while applying for a passport. It will be up to a woman on whether she would like to use her mother\u2019s or father\u2019s name.\" [...] The second half of the statement made by the Prime Minister was, \"It\u2019ll be their discretion to use their father or mother\u2019s name in the passport.\" \"It is entirely up to the woman to choose between her mother\u2019s and her father\u2019s name in the passport. The statement had nothing to do with retaining her maiden name.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "A woman can choose whether the name in the passport should be of her mother or the father and not both parents.", "evidence": "The provision for retaining the maiden name in passport always existed. While the PM was referring to the rule about single parents, the media understood it as the maiden name.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "India remains the world\u2019s fastest growing large economy.", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal. This info-graph makes three claims about India\u2019s economic growth. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "India remains the world\u2019s fastest growing large economy.", "evidence": "The macroeconomic assumptions underlying USDA\u2019s long-term projections reflect a dichotomy between relatively weak long-run sustainable growth in developed countries and relatively strong, above-average growth in developing countries. As a result, developing countries are projected to become a larger part of the world economy. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) worldwide is projected to increase at an average annual rate of around 3.3 percent over the next decade. In developing countries, the projected growth rate is 5.6 percent per year. The developing-country share of global real GDP is expected to climb from 33 percent in 2010 to 42 percent by 2022. Robust economic growth is anticipated across most developing countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. China and India are expected to remain among the world\u2019s fastest growing economies, each averaging more than 7 percent a year. [...] Among countries in Asia, Indonesia has the fastest growing wheat imports and is expected to replace Brazil as the world\u2019s second-largest wheat-importing country. Historically, India has been a big wheat importer in some years and a big exporter in others. In the past 2 years, India exported significant amounts of wheat, partially as a result of high price-supports and large government stocks. Exports from India are expected to be larger than usual for several years until stocks are drawn down from high levels.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "During UPA government\u2019s tenure, the unemployment rate was 2.2% while under NDA government, the unemployment rate is 7.9%.", "evidence": "Unemployment rate 7.2 7.4 6.8 6.8 7.0 [...] Unemployment rate 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.5 [...] Unemployment rate 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 [1] This category includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "During UPA government\u2019s tenure, the unemployment rate was 2.2% while under NDA government, the unemployment rate is 7.9%.", "evidence": "Soon after the GDP growth for quarter-1 of 2019-20 was known to be a poor 5%, the Congress party uploaded an infographic with a bunch of claims on GDP growth, Unemployment rate, Exports growth etc. Here is a fact check of these claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The number of ITRs filed during FY 2017-18 is 6.84 crore, a jump of 80.5% compared to FY 2013-14", "evidence": "The first claim of the government is that the number of Income Tax Returns (ITRs) filed during financial year (FY) 2017-18 is 6.84 crore, a jump of 80.5% compared to FY 2013-14. [...] The claim here pertains to the ITRs filed during the financial years of 2017-18 and 2013-14. A press release of the income tax department notes, \u2018During FY 2017-18, 6.84 crore Income Tax Returns (ITRs) were filed with the Income Tax Department as compared to 5.43 crore ITRs filed during FY 2016-17, showing a growth of 26%. There has been a sustained increase in the number of ITRs filed in the last four financial years. As compared to 3.79 crore ITRs filed in FY 2013-14, the number of ITRs filed during F.Y. 2017-18 (6.84 crore) has increased by 80.5%.\" These numbers can be corroborated from the income tax department website. [...] Fact: The number of ITRs filed have increased substantially over the last 4 financial years from 3.79 crores to 6.84 crores. Hence, the claim is TRUE. But the total direct tax collections have not increased proportionately.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The number of ITRs filed during FY 2017-18 is 6.84 crore, a jump of 80.5% compared to FY 2013-14", "evidence": "During FY 2017-18, 6.84 crore Income Tax Returns (ITRs) were filed with the Income Tax Department as compared to 5.43 crore ITRs filed during FY 2016-17, showing a growth of 26%. There has been a sustained increase in the number of ITRs filed in the last four financial years. As compared to 3.79 crore ITRs filed in F.Y. 2013-14, the number of ITRs filed during F.Y. 2017-18 (6.84 crore) has increased by 80.5%. During FY 2017-18, the number of new ITR filers has also increased to 99.49 lakh (as on 30.03.2018) as compared to 85.51 lakh new ITR filers added during FY 2016-17, which translates into a growth of 16.3%. The increase in total returns filed and new returns filed during FY 2017-18 is a result of sustained efforts made by the Income Tax Department in following up with potential non-filers through email, SMS, statutory notices, outreach programmes, etc. as well as through structural changes made in law and the Government\u2019s emphasis on widening of tax net.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Visuals of a boy offering namaz in the middle of the road", "evidence": "Viral Video Of Boy Performing Namaz In Middle Of Road Is Not From Pakistan Contrary To Claims [...] A video showing a young boy doing namaz on the road is being circulated with the claim that it was filmed in Pakistan. Canadian columnist and social media personality Tarek Fatah along with several netizens, shared the video with this claim. The video shows a boy who is performing namaz on the road after laying down a green prayer mat. The boy offers namaz as vehicles stop at the signal and as people look on. A traffic police officer looks on to the child as he performs namaz. After the boy completes his prayers, the vehicles start to move.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Chilli Prices were Rs 12000 per quintal then, now is Rs 3000 to Rs 4000 per quintal", "evidence": "VIJAYAWADA: Fluctuating prices of chilli is forcing farmers to rush to Guntur agriculture market yard with stocks. Official sources said at least 1 lakh bags of dry chilli are arriving in the market yard every day, prompting traders to form a cartel and trim the prices. Chilli, which fetched over 25,000 per quintal last season, is now fetching between 12,000 to 20,000 per quintal. While fine variety chill is fetching around 20,000, the rates for medium grade varieties start from 12,000 per quintal. [...] Farmers also thought they would get at least last year's price of 25,000 per quintal. However, the prices have dipped by nearly 15-20 per cent over the last year purely due to the cartel of traders. \"There is huge demand in both domestic and global markets for Guntur chilli. However, the farmers' rush to clear the stocks is helping traders who are making a killing,\" said an official of the agriculture marketing department.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Chilli Prices were Rs 12000 per quintal then, now is Rs 3000 to Rs 4000 per quintal", "evidence": "At the Enumamula agricultural market, you just touch any farmer, he would relate a heart rending tale. \"I harvested 22 bags of chilli and paid \u20b922,000 for labour. Now, the trader is offering \u20b93,000 per bag. What is left for me? What about my investment?\" posed Nalmela Shankaraiah, who came from Chelpur village of Mulug Ghanpur mandal in Bhupalpalli district. According to him, the same chilli variety Sagar Wonderhot fetched him \u20b912,000 per quintal last year. Hoping that the price will remain the same this year, he opted for chilli crop this time also, but in vain. [...] A police officer who was standing there on security duty remarked \"What is this sir? The same chilli commanded \u20b912,000 to \u20b917,000 per quintal. Now, offering an average of \u20b93,000 is too much\".", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "WHO issued an advisory to the Government of India stating that 87% population of the country will suffer from cancer by 2025 because of the consumption of adulterated milk", "evidence": "A screenshot of a news paper clipping is being shared on social media claiming that the World Health Organization (WHO) has issued an advisory to the Government of India stating that 87% population of India will suffer from cancer by 2025 because of consuming adulterated milk. According to the post, WHO has stated that India produces only 14 crore litres of milk every day but consumes 64 crore litres of adulterated milk every day. The post claims that the Animal Welfare Board members have intimated government that 68.7 per cent of milk or milk products sold in the country are not as per the standards laid down by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] The Press Information Bureau (PIB) through a tweet clarified that WHO had not issued any such advisory to the Government of India. On 22 November 2019, while answering a parliament member\u2019s question about the rumours of WHO issuing an advisory to the government over 87% population going to suffer from cancer because of consuming adulterated milk, Dr. Harsh Vardhan, the then Minister of Family and Health Welfare, stated that no such advisory was issued by WHO to the Government of India on milk adulteration.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Brahmins hold a significant majority in high-level government positions", "evidence": "A widely shared social media post alleges that Brahmins hold a significant majority in high-level government positions. The post provides a list of officials in different secretariats, ministries, the Prime Minister\u2019s Office, and the President\u2019s Office, categorizing them to support its claim of Brahmin domination in these offices. The post highlights the prevalence of Brahmins in these positions. Through this article let\u2019s fact-check the claim made in the post. [...] Fact: The names and job titles of officers employed in significant government offices like the Prime Minister\u2019s Office, the President\u2019s Office, and various ministries are publicly accessible. However, these disclosures do not provide information regarding their specific categories or classifications. Similar assertions have circulated for years, suggesting that these prominent offices are predominantly controlled by Muslims or Christians, while neglecting Hindus. Nevertheless, these claims lack substantiation and lack a verified source. Hence, the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Brahmins hold a significant majority in high-level government positions", "evidence": "Overall Brahmins hold a high status in Hindu society, and are considered to be smart and influential. They set the standard of social conduct and morality due to their leadership in society. Hindu priesthood is dominated by Brahmins, but other castes due in fact have \"sacred specialists\" but their status does not compare to that of a Brahmin. [...] The two primary roles of the Kshatriya Varna were to govern the land and to wage war, which led to professions as rulers and soldiers. The male children in Kshatriya were considered symbols of masculinity whereas the female child needed to be gentle and well behaved. Like Brahmin and the rest of the Varnas, men and women were not allowed to marry outside their specific Varna. Kshatriyas also hold a high status of power, second only to the Brahmin. They make sure everyone stays within their Varna.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Brahmins hold a significant majority in high-level government positions", "evidence": "The highest of all the castes, and traditionally priests or teachers, Brahmins make up a small part of the Indian population. The British colonial authorities gave Brahmins influential clerical jobs. They now dominate the key positions in science, business and government.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The allocation to secondary education is down to Rs 576 crore in 2017-18 from Rs 9990 crore in 2016-17.", "evidence": "Budget allocation on education sector during the period 2017-18 to 2022-23 presented in Table 1 reveals that the same barring the year 2021-22 has consistently increased from 81,868 crores in 2017-18 to 1,04,278 crores in the latest budget 2022-23 which is 11.86 per cent more than the same in the previous budget. During 2021-22, the allocation to education was declined by 6,088 crores which is 6.13 per cent of the allocation in the previous year. Table 1: Budget Allocation to Education Sector: 2017-18 to 2022-23 [...] The scheme to provide incentives to girls pursuing secondary education was launched in the year 2008-09 the main objective of which was to improve retention and to reduce the drop-outs and also to promote the enrolment of girl children belonging to SC/ST communities in secondary schools. In view of the low participation at this level of education, the incentive can play an important role but no amount has been allocated to this scheme as against only Rs. 1 crore allocated in the previous budget. Maybe the same will now be taken care of by the Samagara Shiksha which covers both elementary as well secondary levels of education.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The UPA government constructed only 25 lakh houses in their last 4 years where as the current BJP government in the last 4 years constructed 1.25 crore houses, a difference of 1 crore houses.", "evidence": "The Prime Minister Narendra Modi claimed that the previous UPA government constructed only 25 lakh houses during their last 4 years. We find that this claim is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Screenshot of the ABP opinion poll predicting 115-117 seats to BJP and 68-80 seats to Congress in the upcoming Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023", "evidence": "Next president of JDS HDD\u2019s son RJD Lalu's son TDP Naidu's son SP MSY's son AY DMK Stalin\u2019s son TMC Mamata\u2019s nephew NCP Pawar's daughter Congress Rahul's Sister BJP will be Decided by cadres AND These are the people who lecture us on DEMOCRACY,ankurparasar,[],2019-05-06,Mon,1125394255906623488,0,0,0.0 _gadkari Next president of JDS HDD\u2019s son RJD Lalu's son TDP Naidu's son SP MSY's son AY DMK Stalin\u2019s son TMC Mamata\u2019s nephew NCP Pawar's daughter Congress Rahul's Sister BJP will be Decided by cadres AND These are the people who lecture us on DEMOCRACY,DeepakS77264694,[],2019-05-06,Mon,1125393984459698176,0,0,0.0 [...] Ideally it should be. But BJP is losing more seats to others like SP BSP RLD Rjd JDS etc. Congress will get around 70 seats from BJPs loss and others are getting around 50.,MailVineet,[],2019-05-10,Fri,1126829039631527936,0,0,0.7 [...] AND ALL POLITICAL PARTIES IN HINDUSTAN ARE GREEDY SO ARE THE PEOPLE HAD CONGRESS/SP/BSP/TMC/RJD BEEN IN PLACE OF BJP IN KARNATAKA\u2026 ALL WOULD HAVE TRIED SAME DIRTY TRICKS WHICH YEDDI OF BJP NOW TRYING TO ENACT IN KARNATAKA...,michaelalok,[],2019-05-11,Sat,1127165280658923521,0,0,-0.2", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Rural road connectivity increased from 56% in 2014 to 82% villages.", "evidence": "Has rural road connectivity increased and by how much? The third claim is that rural road connectivity increased from 56% in 2014 to 82% villages. The impact assessment report of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) states that \u2018PMGSY was launched in December 2000 as a special intervention of the Government of India with the broad objective of ensuring sustainable poverty reduction. The scheme aims to provide good quality all-weather single connectivity road to every eligible habitation. Rural roads are a state subject under the Constitution and as such are the basic responsibility of the states. However, under the PMGSY, the construction of good quality and well-engineered roads are fully funded by the Government of India. Maintenance of these roads is the responsibility of the states. The year 2013 saw the launch of PMGSY-II with the objectives of consolidating the existing rural road network and upgrading existing rural roads that provide connectivity to rural growth centres. PMGSY-II envisages sharing of construction costs between the Centre and the states with maintenance costs continuing to be funded fully by the states.\u2019 [...] Fact: By June 2014, 56% of the target habitations under PMGSY were connected by roads. By July 2018, 88% of the target of PMGSY (II) have been connected by roads. Hence, the claim is TRUE. But, it has to be noted that the percentages correspond to the target under PMGSY and not the total habitations in the country.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Rural road connectivity increased from 56% in 2014 to 82% villages.", "evidence": "Since late 2004, World Bank support has helped build and improve some 16,000 km of rural roads. About six million people living in the remotest parts of India have benefitted. As of February 2014, around 36,000 habitations in participating states now have access to all-weather roads. From the rough, mountainous terrain of Himachal Pradesh to the dry, rugged landscape of Rajasthan, new roads are revitalizing the rural economy, raising incomes, and improving the quality of rural life. Farmers now find it easier to take their produce to market in time, school enrollment is on the rise, and families' access to health care has improved.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A woman with ten kids from ten different men was buried in a Phallus-shaped coffin in Ghana, Africa", "evidence": "A Facebook post claiming that a woman Who Had 10 Kids With 10 Different buried in a coffin-shaped like a man\u2019s genitals has been shared thousands of times. [...] \"Woman Who Had 10 Kids With 10 Different Men Buried In P\u20acnis-like Casket- A woman has been laid to rest in a casket designed in a form of a man\u2019s private part.\" [...] Isaac Tettehfio, who runs an Instagram page showcasing the business\u2019 fancy coffins, said that while he has designed penis-shaped coffins before, he does not recall making one for a sex worker.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "A woman with ten kids from ten different men was buried in a Phallus-shaped coffin in Ghana, Africa", "evidence": "A video that seems like the last rites of a person put in a coffin that is shaped like the phallus is being shared on social media. The post which shares this video claims that the deceased person in this video is a woman with ten children from ten different men. Let\u2019s verify the claim in this post. [...] Fact: The person buried inside the Phallus-shaped coffin is not a woman but a man named John Nii Addo Allotey. When he was alive, he used to perform circumcision. John\u2019s family decided to build a Phallus-shaped coffin for him as an honour to his profession. Hence the claim made in the post is Misleading. [...] To sum up, a woman with ten kids from ten different men was not buried in this coffin that looks like the phallus.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A woman with ten kids from ten different men was buried in a Phallus-shaped coffin in Ghana, Africa", "evidence": "A woman has been laid to rest in a casket designed in a form of a man\u2019s private part. Ghanaian media practitioner and lawyer, Gabby Otchere-Darko shared the video and further revealed that he was told the deceased had 10 children with different men hence the male organ-shaped casket. [...] \"I am told this was the final funeral rites with the casket of an amazing woman who died leaving behind 10 children from 10 different men here in Ghana. May she rest in p\u2026\u2026\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "All students studying Business Management at Seton Hall University in the USA are obligated to study Bhagavad Gita", "evidence": "Universities from across the world such as Seton Hall University have made it mandatory for students to study the Bhagavad Gita. It\u2019s ironical that top business management institutes are teaching Bhagavad Gita as part of their curriculum while India\u2019s young generation remains deprived of its benefits. [...] Teaching children at the very step of life about the beauty lied in Bhagavad Gita is to set positivity at the very beginning. In terms of teaching non-Hindu students or foreseers about the noble book, they have their rights to select an optional subject over the study of Bhagavad Gita. One should be free from obligations and must be provided with choice of decision. Academic institutions must provide ease to the non-Hindu followers, giving them a chance to consider the essence of Bhagavad Gita on their own will.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "All students studying Business Management at Seton Hall University in the USA are obligated to study Bhagavad Gita", "evidence": "Since last year, all students of business management at Seton Hall University (SHU), New Jersey, have had to compulsorily study the Bhagavad Gita. Not to glean some tactical insights for use in corporate warfare, but to ground themselves in multiple religious cultures. A laudable objective that would resonate with US president Barack Obama\u2019s vision of a pluralist America where Christians and Muslims, Hindus and Jews, and non-believers, live together. It all began as a pilot project last year, to teach the Gita to business students as a \u2018signature course\u2019 on a full-time basis. From this year, the Gita has become part of the core curriculum at the SHU, which happens to be a Roman Catholic-run institution. [...] So at one of the core curriculum meetings, Amar proposed that Hinduism should be included. As the world\u2019s oldest religion, he argued, it had put in most thought into the \u2018perennial questions.\u2019 His suggestion was accepted, and the SHU committee included the Gita, along with the Koran, the Bible, besides texts from the Buddhist sutras and the Greek philosophers. The course was called The Journey Of Transformation.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Sangeeta Phogat suffered a devastating 0-10 defeat in the Hungary Ranking Series tournament", "evidence": "Despite a 10-0 loss in the first round against US wrestler Jennifer Page Rogers, Sangeeta Phogat made a strong comeback and eventually won the Bronze Medal for India at the Hungary Ranking Series tournament. Hence, the claim made in the post is Misleading.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Shram Suvidha Portal has been launched that allocates Unique labour identification number and enables online registration of establishments", "evidence": "The first claim is that \u2018Shram Suvidha Portal has been launched that allocates Unique labour identification number and enables online registration of establishments.\u2019 As stated in the \u2018Annual Report (2017-18)\u2019 of the Ministry of Labour and Employment, \u2018Allotment of Unique Labour Identification Number (LIN) to Units to facilitate online registration was started on the Portal with its launch in October 2014.. The unique Labour Identification Number has been issued to 2275391 units as of November 2017\u2019. [...] Fact: Unique labour identification number has been launched along with the launch of the portal in 2014. Hence, the claim is TRUE.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Shram Suvidha Portal has been launched that allocates Unique labour identification number and enables online registration of establishments", "evidence": "Shram Suvidha Portal, launched by the Government on 16.10.2014, caters to four major Organisations under the Ministry of Labour & Employment, namely Office of Chief Labour Commissioner (Central), Directorate General of Mines Safety, Employees\u2019 Provident Fund Organization and Employees\u2019 State Insurance Corporation. The main features of the Portal are as follow:- - Allotment of Unique Identity i.e. Labour Identification Number (LIN) for effective, efficient and real-time governance in Labour Administration - To bring transparency and accountability in enforcement of labour laws through Online Inspection System and Filing of Online Inspection Report - Common Online Registration and Filing of Self-Certified and Simplified Single Online Annual Return for multiple labour laws to ease the complexity of compliance - Unified ECR under EPFO/ESIC to encourage compliance by reducing transaction costs and promoting ease of business. With these initiatives, the procedures have been simplified; returns and registration forms have been unified to provide an ease of doing business environment through Shram Suvidha Portal. Further, the portal provides a platform for sharing of information among the labour enforcement agencies. In this way, the Portal has not reduced but eased the compliance burden on establishments by simplifying the way of doing business and also facilitated effective enforcement of labour laws enhancing wage, job and social security for workers.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Shram Suvidha Portal has been launched that allocates Unique labour identification number and enables online registration of establishments", "evidence": "The Shram Suvidha Portal, a digital marvel launched as part of the Shramev Jayate Yojana, plays a pivotal role in streamlining labor-related processes and ensuring compliance with labor laws. This online platform serves as a one-stop destination for a range of activities, ranging from labor registration to compliance reporting. The portal, inaugurated on October 16, 2014, serves as a paradigm shift in how industries interact with labor-related regulations. By facilitating the allotment of the unique Labor Identification Number (LIN), the Shram Suvidha Portal empowers industries to seamlessly navigate the regulatory landscape. The Shram Suvidha Portal offers an array of advantages that are poised to transform the labor-industry interface: The Shram Suvidha Portal is underpinned by a set of lofty objectives that collectively serve as a guiding light for this digital revolution in the labor domain:", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "20 Gokul Grams are being established and 41 Bull Mother farms modernized.", "evidence": "The BJP government has made three claims in an infographic published on the 48-months portal. These claims are related to the Rashtriya Gokul Mission & quantum of milk production. This article is a fact check of these claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "20 Gokul Grams are being established and 41 Bull Mother farms modernized.", "evidence": "Rs. 190 crores allotted during 2017-18 \u00b7 20 Gokul Grams are being established and 41 Bull Mother Farms modernized.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Double taxation avoidance agreement signed with Mauritius, Cyprus, Singapore", "evidence": "India and Singapore Sign a Third Protocol for Amending the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) India and Singapore have amended the DTAA for the avoidance of double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, by signing a Third Protocol today. This is in line with India\u2019s treaty policy to prevent double non-taxation, curb revenue loss and check the menace of black money through automatic exchange of information, as reflected in India\u2019s recently revised treaties with Mauritius and Cyprus and the joint declaration signed with Switzerland. [...] The revised DTAA between India and Cyprus signed on 18th November, 2016, provides for source based taxation of capital gains arising from alienation of shares, instead of residence based taxation provided under the DTAA signed in 1994. However, a grandfathering clause has been provided for investments made prior to 1st April, 2017, in respect of which capital gains would continue to be taxed in the country of which taxpayer is a resident. It also provides for assistance between the two countries for collection of taxes and updates the provisions related to Exchange of Information to accepted international standards.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "153 integrated cluster action plans (ICAPs) for 29 states and 1 UT have been developed.", "evidence": "The Government approved the Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM) with an outlay of Rs. 5142.08 crores on 16th September, 2015 with the objective to transform rural areas into economically, socially and physically sustainable spaces. Under this Mission, 300 clusters in rural areas, across 29 States and 5 UTs, with latent potential for growth are to be identified, following clearly enunciated methodologies in the framework of implementation. [...] 153 Integrated Cluster Action Plans (ICAPs), which are the blue prints of investment for each cluster, have been approved for 29 States and one UT of Dadra & Nagar Haveli. The work in the clusters in areas identified are ongoing and nearly Rs 1500 crores of expenditure has been incurred under the Mission till date.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Allocation in budget 2018 raised to 3 lakh crore rupees, a rise of 20% over previous year.", "evidence": "The last claim is that, for the MUDRA scheme, \u2018Allocation in budget 2018 raised to 3 lakh crore rupees, a rise of 20% over previous year.\u2019 In Union Budget speech of 2018-19, the finance minister said, \u2018It is proposed to set a target of 3 lakh crore for lending under MUDRA for 2018-19 after having successfully exceeded the targets in all previous years.\u2019 It has to be noted that the 3 lakh crore is the lending target and not budget allocation by the government. This lending is to be done by various banks and other financial institutions. The actual budget allocation through equity capital to MUDRA Bank is only Rs. 900 crores. The total budget allocation including other credit guarantee is less than Rs. 2000 crore.The overall credit flow to Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) sector has been over Rs. 3 lakh crores in the past as well, as per this answer & this answer in the Lok Sabha. [...] Fact: The Rs. 3 lakh crore is the lending target, not the budget allocation. The budget allocation to MUDRA bank is less than Rs. 2000 crore. Hence, the claim is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Allocation in budget 2018 raised to 3 lakh crore rupees, a rise of 20% over previous year.", "evidence": "Union Budget 2018 allocated Rs 3 lakh crore for Micro-Units Development & Refinance Agency Ltd (MUDRA), a nearly 20 per cent rise from the last year. The Budget 2017 had allocated Rs 2.44 lakh crore for Mudra. [...] This may provide the NDA government's job-creation target a much-needed boost ahead of the 2019 general elections.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Allocation in budget 2018 raised to 3 lakh crore rupees, a rise of 20% over previous year.", "evidence": "Under union budget of India 2018\u20132019, INR 3762 crore (USD 581.09 million), was allotted for grid-interactive renewable power schemes and projects. As per the 31.12.2018, the installed capacity of total renewable power (excluding large hydropower) in the country amounted to 74.08166 GW. Around 9.363 GW of solar energy, 1.766 GW of wind, 0.105 GW of small hydropower (SHP), and biomass power of 8.7 GW capacity were added in 2017\u20132018. Table 11 shows the installed capacity of renewable energy over the last 10 years until the 31.12.2018. Wind energy continues to dominate the countries renewable energy industry, accounting for over 47% of cumulative installed renewable capacity (35,138.15 MW), followed by solar power of 34% (25,212.26 MW), biomass power/cogeneration of 12% (9075.5 MW), and small hydropower of 6% (4517.45 MW). In the renewable energy country attractiveness index (RECAI) of 2018, India ranked in fourth position. The installed renewable energy production capacity has grown at an accelerated pace over the preceding few years, posting a CAGR of 19.78% between 2014 and 2018 [45].", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Bio-toilets are introduced in train coaches only after 2014", "evidence": "Indian Railways in collaboration with DRDO, developed the existing bio-toilet system in 2010. And by June 2014, Indian Railways have installed 11,777 bio-toilets in 4356 passenger coaches. Hence the claim made in the post is MISLEADING.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered.", "evidence": "In an infographic published by the government on the 48-months portal, there are three claims related to the goal of doubling farmer\u2019s incomes. The claims pertain to the soil health cards, e-NAM and farm credit. The following article is a fact check of these claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Minimum wage increased by 42%, directly benefiting 55 lakh workers.", "evidence": "Highest Ever Growth Of 42% Recorded in Minimum Wages of Labours during last 5 years During the last 5 years, the minimum wages of labours of all classes have been increased by 42% which is the highest increase so far. While presenting the Interim Budget 2019-20 in Parliament today, the Union Minister for Finance, Corporate Affairs, Railways and Coal, Shri Piyush Goyal said that the high growth and formalistation of the economy has led to the expansion of employment opportunities as shown in EPFO membership, which has increased by nearly 2 crore in 2 years reflecting formalisation of the economy and job creations. Shri Goyal said that the 7th Pay Commission recommendations were implemented and New Pension Scheme (NPS) has been liberalized. The Government\u2019s contribution in NPS had been increased 10% to 14%. The limit of gratuity payment has been increased from Rs. 10 lakh to Rs. 20 lakh. The limit of eligibility cover of ESIC has been increased from Rs. 15,000 per month to Rs. 21,000 per month. The minimum pension for all labours has been fixed at Rs. 1,000 per month. In case of the death of a labour during the service, the EPFO contribution has been increased from Rs. 2.5 lakh to Rs. 6 lakh. The honorarium of all classes of labours under Anganwadi and Asha scheme has been increased by about 50%.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Minimum wage increased by 42%, directly benefiting 55 lakh workers.", "evidence": "Notifications for all the Scheduled Employments in the Central Sphere were issued on 1st September, 2016 simultaneously, in fact for the first time. The basic rate of minimum wages for an unskilled worker in the scheduled employment other than agriculture has been proposed at Rs.350 in Area \u2018C\u2019 from the current minimum wage (basic wage + variable dearness allowance) of Rs.246 resulting in an increase of about 42%. The basic rate of minimum wages for an unskilled worker in the scheduled employment \"agriculture\" has been proposed at Rs.300 in Area \u2018C\u2019 from the current minimum wage (basic wage + variable dearness allowance) of Rs.211 resulting in an increase of about 42%. [...] Due to this revision, additional 55 lakh workers would be benefited. This would indeed, be a good gesture on the part of the Government towards the labour fraternity.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Pervez Musharraf has said \u201cBiggest strength of Pakistan is Indian Muslims, not the nuclear bombs. They are converting India into an Islamic nation by population explosion. India can repeal article 370 from Kashmir, India can build Ram Temple, India can win war against Pakistan, but India cannot prevent itself from becoming an Islamic nation\u201d.", "evidence": "Pervez Musharraf hasn\u2019t made any such comments. No credible source was found to authenticate the claim. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Eating eggs and banana at the same time will kill a man in five minutes.", "evidence": "\"URGENT!!! Never eat an egg and a banana at the same time because the mixture gives a poison that kills within 5 minutes,\" reads a warning shared on Facebook. [...] The player did not respond to a query about how he had survived. Two food toxicologists told us that it was not scientifically possible for eggs and bananas eaten together to produce a poison.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "All 34 international airports and all 48 domestic airports have been provided with accessible feature.", "evidence": "The first claim is that all 34 international airports and all 48 domestic airports have been provided with accessible features. The 2017-18 annual report of the DEPwD throws light on this matter. The report mentions that, \u2018All 34 International Airports & 48 Domestic Airports, have been provided with accessibility features namely, ramps, accessible toilets, lifts with braille symbols and auditory signals\u2019. These changes were initiated under the accessible India campaign. [...] Fact: All 34 International Airports & 48 Domestic Airports, have been provided with accessibility features. The infographic says all 48 domestic airports, but the number of domestic airports in India is more than 48. Hence, the claim is PARTLY TRUE. Have Railway Stations been provided with accessible features?", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "All 34 international airports and all 48 domestic airports have been provided with accessible feature.", "evidence": "The government made certain claims with respect to providing universal accessibility for Persons with Disabilities (PwDs). Here is a Fact Check.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "More than 1.16 crore antenatal check-ups conducted at over 12,900 health facilities.", "evidence": "In the series on the performance of various ministers in the Modi government, today we take a look at the health ministry. [...] The Government has identified 201 high focus districts across 28 states, in the country that have the highest number of partially immunized and unimmunized children. Earlier the increase in full immunization coverage was 1% per year, which has increased to 6.7% per year through the first two phases of Mission Indradhanush. Four phases of Mission Indradhanush have been conducted till August 2017, and more than 2.53 crore children and 68 lakh pregnant women have been vaccinated. [...] Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) \u2013 PMSMA was launched in November 2016 to provide assured, comprehensive and quality antenatal care, free of cost, universally to all pregnant women on the 9th of every month. PMSMA guarantees a minimum package of antenatal care services, to women in their 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy at designated government health facilities. Under this scheme, more than 1.16 crore antenatal check-ups have been conducted at over 12,900 health facilities across all states and union territories. More than 6 lakh high-risk pregnancies were identified and were provided all possible care.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "More than 1.16 crore antenatal check-ups conducted at over 12,900 health facilities.", "evidence": "The first claim is that \u2018more than 1.16 crore antenatal check-ups conducted at over 12,900 health facilities\u2019. [...] In a question answered in the Lok Sabha in July 2018, it is stated that \u2018since its inception in 2016, free quality antenatal services are provided to all pregnant women visiting 13047 PMSMA sites across the country. Over 1.35 crore antenatal check-ups have been conducted under the progamme till date\u2019. However, this is not the first ever program on antenatal care. The previous governments also had dedicated antenatal care programs. [...] Fact: 1.35 crore antenatal check-ups have been conducted under the progamme. Hence, the claim is TRUE.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "More than 1.16 crore antenatal check-ups conducted at over 12,900 health facilities.", "evidence": "323 of 12,900 antyaja children, which is equal to 7 per cent, of their popula- tion. In addition to the two Boarding Houses for antyajas at Baroda [...] The following tabular statement shows the number of labour cases opnducted by the midwives attached to the various hospitals and dispensaries during the last <\"3 years : \u2014 [...] An examination of the above figures shows that the work of register- ing births, though unsatisfactory in the begin- ning, has improved during the last decade.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The colour markers printed on toothpaste represents the type of ingredient used in it", "evidence": "Multiple social media users believe that the colour coding on the edge of toothpaste tubes indicate towards the ingredients used in the toothpaste. [...] According to most social media users who post this popular myth, you should be paying close attention to the bottom edge of your toothpaste tubes. The small rectangle or square colour at the bottom, black, blue, red, or green, reveals the ingredients of the toothpaste: [...] No. The colour in the toothpaste tube doesn\u2019t reveal anything about their ingredients. Colgate, one of the largest toothpaste manufacturers, mentions on their website, \"Oral care companies don\u2019t mark their toothpaste with coloured squares to try to trick consumers and hide ingredients from them.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "5 Hindus were caught raping a half-burnt dead body in the Sikar district of Rajasthan", "evidence": "Police said that the rapists had tried to muzzle her voice and as a result she died of asphyxiation. Those arrested include Naveen, Mohammad Pasha, Shiva and C Chenna Keshavulu. The state government and police officials have appealed to the citizens to call police, especially, the number 100, in case of emergency. [...] They took turns to rape her at a brick kiln. After the incident, police had registered a case and formed a special investigation team. The 12 accused have been arrested. [...] The accused--Karan, 28, had abducted and raped the child, two weeks ago in Sikar. In this case, the police completed probe and presented charge-sheet in record time.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "For pre-matric scholarship for OBCs, the rates of scholarship increased substantially.", "evidence": "[orc]The government claimed in an infographic that the scholarship amounts for SCs & OBCs have been increased. Here is a fact check of the claim. [...] Have the rates of Pre-Matric scholarships increased for OBCs? The fourth claim is that for pre-matric scholarship of OBCs, the rates of scholarship increased substantially. According to a press release of the ministry in February 2018, \u2018the earlier rates of scholarships of day scholars from Class I to V, Class VI to VIII and Class IX to X of \u20b925, \u20b940 and \u20b950 respectively for 10 months has been revised to \u20b9100 per month for 10 months from Class I to X. Earlier rates of scholarships of hostellers from Class III to VIII and Class IX to X of \u20b9200 and \u20b9250 respectively for ten months has been revised to \u20b9500 per month for 10 months from Class III to X.\u2019 The scheme has been revised with effect from 2017-18.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Muslim Advocate Adeel Ahmed recently filed a petition in the Supreme Court seeking a ban on Gadar-2 film", "evidence": "As on date, no such petition seeking a ban on Gadar 2 film was filed in the Supreme Court of India. Supreme Court Advocate Adeel Ahmed released a video clarifying that he did not file any such petition against Gadar 2 film. The producers of the movie have not yet announced the official release date of the film. Hence, the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Muslim Advocate Adeel Ahmed recently filed a petition in the Supreme Court seeking a ban on Gadar-2 film", "evidence": "Several people on social media claimed that a lawyer named Adeel Ahmed had filed a petition in the Supreme Court to stop Gadar 2's release. India Today's AFWA team fact checks the claim. [...] \"Gadar 2\" is the official sequel of \"Gadar: Ek Prem Katha\" released in 2001. While extending support to the upcoming movie that will supposedly be released on September 8, several people claimed that a lawyer named Adeel Ahmed had filed a petition in the Supreme Court to ban the film\u2019s release citing that it may hurt Muslim sentiments. [...] AFWA's investigation found that Adeel Ahmed did not file any petition in the apex court to ban \"Gadar 2\". At the same time, the film\u2019s release date has not been announced yet.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Muslim Advocate Adeel Ahmed recently filed a petition in the Supreme Court seeking a ban on Gadar-2 film", "evidence": "- Sunny Deol-starrer \u2018Gadar 2\u2019 enters \u00a350 million club - GG2 (September 4, 2023) [...] - \u2018Gadar 2\u2019 becomes first film to be screened at new Parliament Building in India - GG2 (August 25, 2023) [...] - \u2018Gadar 2\u2019: Everything you need to know about Sunny Deol starrer - GG2 (July 27, 2023)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) can only accomodate up to 64 candidates.", "evidence": "What\u2019s the maximum number of candidates an EVM can cater to? Each Balloting unit has a provision for 16 candidates. If the number of candidates exceed 16, a second balloting unit is linked parallel to the first one. The maximum number of candidates an EVM can cater to is 64 (That is 4 Balloting units). If there are constituencies with more than 64 contesting candidates, they must adopt the conventional voting method wiz, ballot box and ballot paper.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Shark Tank India\u2019s Judge Vineeta Singh played the role of Raju\u2019s Mother in \u20183 Idiots\u2019 movie", "evidence": "The character of Raju\u2019s mother, Mrs. Rastogi, was played by actress Amardeep Jha. When a similar post went viral in 2022, Vineeta dismissed the claims sportively by acting in a meme video based on 3 Idiots movie scene. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Shark Tank India\u2019s Judge Vineeta Singh played the role of Raju\u2019s Mother in \u20183 Idiots\u2019 movie", "evidence": "A post is being widely shared on social media claiming that entrepreneur and Shark Tank India judge Vineeta Singh had played the role of Raju\u2019s Mother in \u20183 Idiots\u2019 movie. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] Fact: The character of Raju\u2019s mother, Mrs. Rastogi, was played by actress Amardeep Jha. When a similar post went viral in 2022, Vineeta dismissed the claims sportively by acting in a meme video based on 3 Idiots movie scene. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE. [...] To sum it up, Raju\u2019s mother character in 3 idiots movie was played by Amardeep Jha, not by entrepreneur and Shark Tank India\u2019s judge Vineeta Singh.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Shark Tank India\u2019s Judge Vineeta Singh played the role of Raju\u2019s Mother in \u20183 Idiots\u2019 movie", "evidence": "Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh Hits Back At Trolls As She Turns Raju's Mother From 3 Idiots In A Viral Meme: Fans Call Her \u2018Boss Lady\u2019 Vineeta Singh shared a hilarious meme that presented her as Raju Rastogi\u2019s mother from \u20183 Idiots\u2019 56706 Reads | [...] Taking to her Twitter handle, Vineeta shared a hilarious meme featuring her as Raju Rastogi\u2019s mother (Amardeep Jha) and wrote, \"All is not well! Stop with the photoshopping, Team @trySUGAR.\" Her post came after she found herself featuring in a viral meme that presented her as Raju Rastogi\u2019s mother from 3 Idiots. Vineeta shared a hilarious response via a video that has left netizens in splits. The clip begins with an employee coming across Vineeta\u2019s meme while scrolling on social media. He later goes to her cabin to discuss some budget approval. But he gets shocked seeing Vineeta sitting in a saree. She reminds him and every one of Rastogi\u2019s mother from 3 Idiots as she complaints about the rise in prices of \u2018bhindi\u2019 and \u2018paneer\u2019.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Vandana Tiwari, Sister of Bageshwar Dham Dhirendra Shastri, is marrying a Muslim man", "evidence": "A photo of a couple in traditional attire is viral on social media, claiming that the woman seen in it is Bageshwar Dham Dhirendra Shastri\u2019s sister \u2018Vandana Tiwari\u2019. A post that shares this photo claims that she is marrying a Muslim man without the knowledge of her brother. Let\u2019s verify the truth behind these claims through this fact-checking article. [...] According to BBC, Bageshwar Dham\u2019s Dhirendra Shastri has a sister named Rita Garg, and she is already married. Regarding this issue, Bageshwar Dham\u2019s PRO, Kamal Awasthi, told Aaj Tak that she married a Hindu man called Kamlesh Chauraha in 2015. All of this makes it evident that the viral photo is being misquoted as a picture of Dhirendra Shastri\u2019s sister and her Muslim husband while it actually features Actress Gehana Vasisth and her husband.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Congress Manifesto: \u201cWill withdraw the AFSPA, reduce army presence if voted\u201d.", "evidence": "Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Omar Abdullah feels the Armed Forces Special Powers Act can be withdrawn from some areas in the state with a rider that the army could step in again if the situation so warranted. [...] \"I think the time has come where we can start to objectively look at areas from where the AFSPA can be removed with the understanding that if there is a situation requiring the Army to intervene, we can make a temporary sort of return to that,\" Mr. Omar said. [...] Commenting on opposition to the withdrawal of AFSPA, the Chief Minister said, \"No right-thinking person can turn around and tell you that AFSPA should be revoked in one shot. It is not possible at a point where you still have militant encounters and things like that going on.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Congress Manifesto: \u201cWill withdraw the AFSPA, reduce army presence if voted\u201d.", "evidence": "Patronising private armies in the guise of cow protection or moral policing. Murderously attacking Dalits and Muslims. Private armies\u2019 unrestricted activities leading to incidents of mob lynching. [...] \u2022 Repeal the Armed Forces Special Powers Act and replace it with a suitable law which provides a legal framework for the operation of the armed forces without the draconian provisions. [...] \u2022 Complete withdrawal of AFSPA.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Union Minister of State for Home Affairs of India Kiren Rijiju has been re-elected as Member of Parliament from Arunachal Pradesh", "evidence": "Earlier this year, the BJP-ruled state of Maharashtra banned the slaughter of cows, as well as the sale and possession of beef. Such laws have been passed before, but never has the basis for them been articulated as an overarching philosophy until now. The union minister of state for home affairs, Kiren Rijiju, who is from Arunachal Pradesh, offered this explanation shortly after: \"If Maharashtra is Hindu majority, or if Gujarat is Hindu majority, Madhya Pradesh is Hindu majority, if they are to make laws conducive to the Hindu faith, let them be. But in our place, in our state where we are majority, where we feel whatever steps we take, you know, laws which are conducive to our beliefs, it should be.\" [...] The practical implications of Article 29(1) are yet to be fully worked out in a court of law, as there have been very few direct challenges to the powers of the government that depend solely on it. But there is no mistaking that by intent it is a direct refutation of what the BJP stands for. The faction that dominates the BJP government has adversely affected the freedoms of a large number of Indian citizens. We should not hesitate in stating that the views that Rijiju represents within the BJP, and the even more extreme ones that are basic to the RSS, are simply unconstitutional.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Union Minister of State for Home Affairs of India Kiren Rijiju has been re-elected as Member of Parliament from Arunachal Pradesh", "evidence": "The photo in the post is the one taken in the context of Kiren Rijiju\u2019s filing of nomination papers with the Returning Officer for the upcoming Lok Sabha elections 2019. Hence the claim made in the post stands FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Families of the deceased persons to be given an assistance of 4 lakh rupees, up from 2.5 lakh rupees.", "evidence": "The BJP government has made four claims about standing with farmers in times of need ( referring to the SDRF) in an infographic published on the 48-months portal. This article is a fact check of the claims made in the infographic.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Contribution of 12% to EPF for new employees for 3 years by the government in sectors employing large number of people.", "evidence": "- Contribution of 8.33% of Employee Provident Fund (EPF) for new employees bythe Government for three years. - Contribution of 12% to EPF for new employees for three years by the Government in sectors employing large number of people like textile, leather and footwear. [...] The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs on 28 FEB 2018 approved the continuation of (PMEGP) beyond 12th Plan for three years from 2017-18 to 2019-20 with a total outlay of Rs.5,500 crore.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Contribution of 12% to EPF for new employees for 3 years by the government in sectors employing large number of people.", "evidence": "The third claim is that \u2018contribution of 12% to EPF for new employees for 3 years by the government in sectors employing large number of people\u2019. [...] The scheme document of the Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana states that \u2018in the Budget Speech 2016-17, it was stated that in order to incentivize creation of new jobs in the formal sector, Government of India will pay the Employee Pension Scheme contribution of 8.33% for all new employees enrolling in EPFO for the first three years of their employment. This will incentivize the employers to recruit unemployed persons and also to bring into the books the informal employees. In order to channelize this intervention towards the target group of semi-skilled and unskilled workers, the scheme will be applicable to those with salary up to Rs 15,000 per month. I have made a budget provision of Rs 1,000 crore for this scheme\u2019. [...] Fact: Government of India will pay the full employer\u2019s contribution (both EPF & EPS) of 12%. Hence, the claim is TRUE.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Contribution of 12% to EPF for new employees for 3 years by the government in sectors employing large number of people.", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes 3 claims about labour welfare under the present government. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "S.M.S English Medium School in Karnataka designed a Social Studies question paper for 7th standard students, which exclusively asked questions related to Muslim and other communities, indicating bias against Hinduism", "evidence": "S M S English Medium School is a Co-Educational school affiliated to CBSE syllabus. S M S English Medium School is located in Udupi,Karnataka. The school was established in the year 1960 and is managed by Osc Education Society. Location of S M S English Medium School [...] S M S English Medium School has Library facility constituting , Periodicals, Dailies, Reference Books, Magazine, and with about 8900 books.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "S.M.S English Medium School in Karnataka designed a Social Studies question paper for 7th standard students, which exclusively asked questions related to Muslim and other communities, indicating bias against Hinduism", "evidence": "An image of a Social Studies question paper from S.M.S English Medium School in Brahmavar, Karnataka, designed for 7th standard students for the month of June 2023, is currently circulating widely on social media. The claim being made in the post suggests that the questions asked in the paper are exclusively related to Muslims and other communities, indicating bias against Hinduism by the school management. Let\u2019s verify the authenticity of the claim made in the post. [...] Fact: The allegation of prejudice in the Social Studies question paper at S.M.S English Medium School has been refuted by the school management. The first-month lessons covered topics on Christianity, Islam, crusades, the Mongols, and renaissance as per the prescribed syllabus. These topics were then included in the unit test for 7th standard students. Hence, the claim made in the post is MISLEADING. [...] To summarize, the first-month lessons for 7th-standard students at S.M.S English Medium School covered topics on Christianity, Islam, the Crusades, the Mongols, and Renaissance, following the prescribed syllabus. These topics were subsequently included in the unit test.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "S.M.S English Medium School in Karnataka designed a Social Studies question paper for 7th standard students, which exclusively asked questions related to Muslim and other communities, indicating bias against Hinduism", "evidence": "S M S English Medium School is a Senior Secondary, affiliated to CBSE. Affiliation ID is 830083. Address of the school is: Varambally Village, Brahmavar Post Udupi Taluk & District Brahmavar, Udupi, Karntaka. PIN Code: 576213. Email address of the school is smsems93@gmail.com. More Schools - Vidyavardhaka English Medium School \u2013 Udupi, Karnataka - S R Public School \u2013 Udupi, Karnataka - Vishwa Vinayaka National English Medium School \u2013 Udupi, Karnataka - Dr. N. Shankara Adyanthaya Memorial English Medium High School Nitte \u2013 Udupi, Karnataka - G M Vidyanikethan Public School \u2013 Udupi, Karnataka - Madhavakripa English Nursery And Higher Primary School \u2013 Udupi, Karnataka - Christ School \u2013 Udupi, Karnataka - Gurukul Public School \u2013 Udupi, Karnataka - Little Rock Indian School \u2013 Udupi, Karnataka - Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya \u2013 Udupi, Karnataka", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "No organisation associated with Islam participated in the relief work during the Odisha train accident", "evidence": "Claim: During the Odisha train accident, no Islamic organization helped with relief efforts. Fact: Following the accident in Odisha, Islamic organizations like Dawat-e-Islami India and Jamiat-Ulama-i-Hind have actively participated in the relief efforts. They have helped the victims get to nearby hospitals and given them essential supplies like food and water. Consequently, the post\u2019s claim is MISLEADING. [...] It was discovered through a keyword-based internet search that Islamic organizations like Dawat-e-Islami India and Jamiat-Ulama-i-Hind, in addition to the RSS, have participated in the relief efforts for the Odisha train accident victims. They have offered assistance by, among other things, arranging transportation for victims to nearby hospitals and providing affected individuals with food and water. You can see images of relief work here, here, here, and here.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "No organisation associated with Islam participated in the relief work during the Odisha train accident", "evidence": "In the context of the recent Odisha train accident tragedy, a post circulating on social media claims that only the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) participated in the rescue operations, while no Muslim organization helped despite the presence of several mosques at the accident site. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] Fact: Islamic organizations, such as Dawat-e-Islami India and Jamiat-Ulama-i-Hind, have actively participated in the relief work following the Odisha accident. They have provided essential supplies like food and water to the victims and facilitated transportation to nearby hospitals. Hence, the claim made in the post is MISLEADING. Through an internet search using relevant keywords, it was discovered that, in addition to the RSS, Islamic organizations such as Dawat-e-Islami India and Jamiat-Ulama-i-Hind have participated in the relief operations for the victims of the Odisha train accident. They have provided assistance by supplying food and water to the affected individuals, as well as arranging transportation for victims to nearby hospitals, among other efforts. Visuals of relief work can be seen here, here, here, and here.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "No organisation associated with Islam participated in the relief work during the Odisha train accident", "evidence": "In the wake of the tragic train accident in Odisha, our hearts ache for the immense loss and shattered families left behind. Now, more than ever, we must unite and extend our compassionate support to these victims in their darkest hour. Join us in supporting the victims of the devastating Odisha train accident. Your generosity can make a significant impact in their lives. [...] Together, we can rebuild lives, provide education, support the wounded, and offer immediate relief to those affected by the Odisha train accident. Please share this appeal widely and help us make a meaningful difference.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "atayu, a mythical bird from Ramayana, is found alive for first time in Kaliyug in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh", "evidence": "As per the media reports, Himalayan Griffon Vulture was rescued in Kanpur and locals handed it over to the forest department on 09 January 2023. Previously, there were several instances where these vultures were spotted and rescued by the public. Moreover, in 2016, the vulture-breeding centre at Pinjore, Haryana released a pair of these vultures to the wild for the first time after fostering them for 10 years. Hence, the claim made in the post is MISLEADING.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Visuals of a Hindu girl lying in a pool of blood after being murdered by her Muslim lover in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh", "evidence": "On November 8, a man killed his 22-year-old girlfriend in a room at Mekhla resort, which is under the jurisdiction of Tilwara police station in Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh. After the murder, the man posted a video on social media confessing to the crime. The murder came to light after the main suspect in the case posted a video on social media displaying the girl laying in a pool of blood on a bed in a hotel room, with the man saying \"Bewafai Nahi Karne Ka (do not be unfaithful)\". It implied that he killed her because she was cheating on him. (Potentially sensitive content, viewers\u2019 discretion advised) [...] The victim has been identified as Shilpa Jhariya, a Jabalpur resident from Barela. Later, the suspect posted another video in which he said he killed the girl because his business partner urged him to do so.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "isuals of the people of Pakistan vandalising a mosque in Karachi for its iron and bricks", "evidence": "A video circulating on social media and verified by the BBC shows that half of a wall caved in. The mosque was covered in bricks and debris as people clambered over the rubble to escape.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Important message from RBI: \u201cPress \u2018cancel\u2019 button twice before inserting the card. If anyone has setup the key pad to steal your PIN code, this will cancel that setup.\u201d", "evidence": "No such instruction has been given by RBI. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Captured Pilot Abhinandan Dancing with Pakistan Army", "evidence": "RAWALPINDI: Wing Commander of Indian Air Force, Abhinandan, captured by Pakistan Air Force (PAF) has thanked the Pakistan Army and armed forces personnel for their hospitality and treating him with respect, ARY News reported Wednesday. In a video footage, Abhinandan can be seen sharing his views and thanking the Pakistan armed forces for saving his life from the mob at crash site. The PAF had shot down two Indian jets after they intruded into Pakistan\u2019s airspace \u2013 Abhinandan, the Wing Commander of Indian Air Force, was detained while another was moved to hospital for treatment. [...] \"Pakistan is a responsible state and behaving in polite way with the arrested Indian pilots,\" he said.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "There were 83,000 common service centers pre 2014. This number has increased to 2.92 lakh post 2014.", "evidence": "Acceptance of Common Service Centers versus Self-service e-Government Portal: An Uncertainty Reduction Perspective [...] Dwivedi, Y.K., Sahu, G.P., Rana, N.P., Singh, M., Chandwani, R.K.: Common Services Centres (CSCs) as an approach to bridge the digital divide: reflecting on challenges and obstacles. Transforming Gov.: People, Process Policy, 10(4), 511\u2013525 (2016) [...] Sharma, S.K., Singh, J.B. (2022). Acceptance of Common Service Centers versus Self-service e-Government Portal: An Uncertainty Reduction Perspective.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There were 83,000 common service centers pre 2014. This number has increased to 2.92 lakh post 2014.", "evidence": "How many common service centres are there? The third claim is that there were 83,000 Common Service Centers (CSCs) pre-2014 and that this number has increased to 2.92 lakh post-2014. As per the government\u2019s official website, \u2018Common Service Centres (CSC) scheme is one of the mission mode projects under the Digital India Programme. CSCs are the access points for delivery of essential public utility services, social welfare schemes, healthcare, financial, education and agriculture services, apart from a host of B2C services to citizens in rural and remote areas of the country. It is a pan-India network catering to a regional, geographic, linguistic and cultural diversity of the country. Common Services Centres (CSCs) are being managed by CSC e-Governance Services India Limited (known as Common Services Centre Special Purpose Vehicle- CSC \u2013SPV)\u2019", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "While Manmohan Singh spent Rs 12 crore per trip i.e. Rs 493 crore on 38 trips, Modi spent only Rs 10 crore per trip i.e. Rs 443 crore on 44 trips.", "evidence": "In comparison to PM Modi's term (5 months short of 5 years), Manmohan Singh's 50 odd trips during UPA II's five year term cost almost Rs 1,350 crore. [...] On the face of it, one can say that Modi has travelled more and made the nation spend much more than Manmohan Singh. But a back-of-the-envelope calculation reveals an interesting fact. If PM Modi travelled to 92 nations which cost Rs 2,021 crore, his per nation cost comes to almost Rs 22 crore. However, Manmohan Singh's trips cost Rs 1,350 crore on 50 nations which translates to Rs 27 crore per nation visit.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "While Manmohan Singh spent Rs 12 crore per trip i.e. Rs 493 crore on 38 trips, Modi spent only Rs 10 crore per trip i.e. Rs 443 crore on 44 trips.", "evidence": "A post is being shared on Facebook by many users claiming that PM Modi has spent lesser than Manmohan Singh on foreign trips. Let\u2019s try to analyze the claim made in the post. [...] Fact: The numbers given in the post do not include the bills to be received and IAF BBJ Flights used by the Modi government. Also, if total travel expenses (Aircraft Maintenance, Flights and Hotline) instead of just expenditure on chartered flights are included, then it is found that Modi spent around Rs. 2000 crore on foreign travel while Manmohan spent around Rs 1350 crore. Hence the claim made in the post is MISLEADING. [...] In the post, only expenses on chartered flights are compared but the foreign trips also involve other costs listed above. The total foreign travel costs of Manmohan Singh was around Rs 1350 crores whereas for Modi it is around 2000 crore (this is excluding the bills, which are yet to be received).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "While Manmohan Singh spent Rs 12 crore per trip i.e. Rs 493 crore on 38 trips, Modi spent only Rs 10 crore per trip i.e. Rs 443 crore on 44 trips.", "evidence": "The numbers given in the post do not include the bills to be received and IAF BBJ Flights used by the Modi government. Also, if total travel expenses (Aircraft Maintenance, Flights and Hotline) instead of just expenditure on chartered flights are included, then it is found that Modi spent around Rs. 2000 crore on foreign travel while Manmohan spent around Rs 1350 crore. Hence the claim made in the post is MISLEADING.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Prices of cardiac stents and knee implants reduced by 50 to 70%\u201d", "evidence": "Pricing: In July 2017, the Indian government introduced price controls on cardiac stents, and the selling price dropped by up to 70% as a result of this populist move. That order was followed by a similar cap on knee implants later in the year. The devices were price capped after inclusion in the National List of Essential Medicines. Currently, 37 medical devices are classified as drugs and regulated under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. Of these, cardiac stents, drug-eluting stents, knee implants, condoms, and intra-uterine devices are included in the National List of Essential Medicines and are subject to price caps. In February 2020, the Indian government levied a five percent ad-valorem health tax on imports of a variety of medical, dental, surgical, and veterinary devices. Several medical device segments (such as orthopedic knee implants) that were previously exempt from customs duties were withdrawn from the duty exemption.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Prices of cardiac stents and knee implants reduced by 50 to 70%\u201d", "evidence": "A government price cap on stents and artificial knee implants comes at a time of rising demand for cardiac disease and knee-replacement surgery. But the price caps could deter companies from selling the latest, mostly imported technology, prices of stents may not fall as steeply as the government claims, and hospitals could increase \"incidental expenses\"\u2013from operation theatre charges to surgeon fees \u2013to compensate, according to a FactChecker analysis. [...] Chemicals minister Anant Kumar tweeted that knee-implant prices have been reduced 65%, from a range of Rs 54,720 to Rs 113,950\u2013implants come in many varieties\u2013to a range of Rs 158,324 to Rs 900,000. While the knee-implant price cap was \"a great move\", Nilen Shah, consultant orthopedic surgeon at Mumbai\u2019s Wockhardt Hospitals, said it was misleading to claim prices would drop 40% or 60% because implants are never sold at maximum retail price but always at a discount.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A young Dalit man named Lakhan\u2019s head was shaved, and he was assaulted by a mob in Uttar Pradesh\u2019s Meerut", "evidence": "Dalit man thrashed, head shaved for \u2018stealing\u2019 toilet seat in Uttar Pradesh Lucknow: A 30-year-old Dalit man was allegedly thrashed, his face blackened and his head shaved after he was suspected of stealing a toilet seat from a house. The incident took occurred at Barkatan village in the Bahraich district of Uttar Pradesh on Tuesday. [...] The 30-year-old Dalit man said, as quoted by The Indian Express, \"On October 18 at around 2 pm, some people from the neighbouring village thrashed me, hurled casteist slurs, shaved my head, and put black ink on my face at the village intersection in full public view. They suspected me of stealing and did this to me. They also threatened to kill me.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "A circular in the name of AICTE talks about scrapping the 75% attendance rule for the engineering course.", "evidence": "Circular scrapping 75 per cent attendance rule was fake, confirms AICTE \"First of all, we would not issue such a circular. Secondly, whoever is behind this should be caught as they have misused and forged AICTE logo as well as the national emblem,\" said AICTE chairman. The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) has recently issued a public notice confirming that the circular regarding scrapping of 75 per cent attendance rule was fake and mischievous. [...] As per media reports, the 'fake circular' in question which was addressed to \"all Directors/Principals of AICTE approved institutions\" was named 'Scrapping of 75 per cent Attendance Rule and introducing Vocational Projects.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A circular in the name of AICTE talks about scrapping the 75% attendance rule for the engineering course.", "evidence": "A circular in the name of AICTE has been widely shared on social media in the last few days. The circular talks about scrapping the 75% attendance rule for the engineering course. AICTE has clarified that it\u2019s a fake circular.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The song \u201cMere Angane Mein\u201d was originally from a 19th-century movie called \u2018Miss Sheela\u2019 (1883)", "evidence": "Saaton Janam Tujhko Paate - This song was inspired by \"Mere Angane Mein\" (\"Laawaris\", 1981), sung by Amitabh Bachchan and composed by Kalyanji - Anandji. The interludes have the same tune as \"Mere Angane Mein\" and the lyrics have a similar theme. Each stanza in the song featured the names of an actor-couple - Hema Malini - Dharmendra, Dimple Kapadia - Kaka (Rajesh Khanna), and Jaya Bhaduri - Lambu (Amitabh Bachchan).[3]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The song \u201cMere Angane Mein\u201d was originally from a 19th-century movie called \u2018Miss Sheela\u2019 (1883)", "evidence": "There is no evidence of a movie by the name \u201cMiss Sheela\u201d released in 1883. Considering that the first Indian talkie film, \u201cAlam Ara,\u201d was released in 1931, and the patent for the gramophone was only granted in 1887, with the first-ever Indian recording taking place in 1902, it is highly implausible that a film called \u2018Miss Sheela\u2019 was released in 1883 with songs recorded on gramophone records. Furthermore, the song \u201cMere Angane Mein,\u201d which has been featured in several Bollywood films, is actually a traditional folk song from Uttar Pradesh. Therefore, the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The song \u201cMere Angane Mein\u201d was originally from a 19th-century movie called \u2018Miss Sheela\u2019 (1883)", "evidence": "Mere Angne Mein: Jacqueline Fernandez and Asim Riaz give Amitabh Bachchan\u2019s iconic song a time travel twist Jacqueline Fernandez and Asim Riaz feature together in the music video of Mere Angne Mein, directed by Radhika Rao and Vinay Sapru. After teasing fans with sneak peeks for days, the music video featuring Jacqueline Fernandez and Bigg Boss 13 runner-up Asim Riaz is finally here. The song is a recreation of Amitabh Bachchan\u2019s iconic track Mere Angne Mein from his 1981 blockbuster Laawaris, and has been sung by Neha Kakkar and Raja Hasan.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Acid attack victims have been included in the list of people considered as disabled.", "evidence": "Get-hooked July 19, 2018 21 disabilities under RPWD 2016 \u2013 Acid Attack Survivors [...] For the first time, acid attack survivors or acid attack victims have been recognized in the disabled category.An acid attack victim refers to a person who has suffered a violent assault as a result of acid or a similar corrosive substance being thrown at them. [...] In India, laws exist to prevent the sale and easy availability of harmful chemicals, yet acid attacks are common. The life of a survivor is greatly affected greatly after such attacks. By including acid attack victims in RPWD 2016, the government has recognized them as deserving of help and aid.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Acid attack victims have been included in the list of people considered as disabled.", "evidence": "The new list of recognized disabilities added as an annexure to the Act includes three blood disorders, people of Short Stature, Acid Attack Survivors, Parkinson disease, Chronic neurological conditions, Multiple Sclerosis etc. [...] - Locomotor Disability - Dwarfism - Intellectual Disability - Mental Illness - Autism Spectrum Disorder - Cerebral Palsy - Muscular Dystrophy - Chronic Neurological conditions - Specific Learning Disabilities - Multiple Sclerosis - Speech and Language disability - Thalassemia - Hemophilia - Sickle Cell disease - Multiple Disabilities including deaf-blindness - Acid Attack victim - Parkinson\u2019s disease [...] (e) \"acid attack victims\" means a person disfigured due to violent assaults by throwing of acid or similar corrosive substance.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Acid attack victims have been included in the list of people considered as disabled.", "evidence": "Acid attack victims should have same rights as disabled people, Indian Supreme Court rules [...] India\u2019s Supreme Court has ordered the country\u2019s central and state governments to include victims of acid attacks in disability benefits so that they can access various welfare schemes, including access to government jobs.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Concept design of car safety belt in 1960s that goes around the neck", "evidence": "A photograph which claims to show a concept design of car safety belts in the 1960s is being widely shared. In this design, the belt goes around the neck of the passengers. Let\u2019s fact-check the claim made in the post. [...] Fact: Considering the chronology of evolution of the seat belts, there is no mention of any safety belt that goes around the neck. Volvo developed a modern three-point seat belt, which is in use now. After this successful intervention, it is highly unlikely that inventors tested a safety belt that goes around the neck. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE. [...] After this, most of the car manufacturing companies used the three-point seat belts, as it proved to be most effective design. In other words, contrary to the claim, it is very unlikely that inventors tested a safety belt that goes around the neck after the successful intervention (3-point seatbelt).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Concept design of car safety belt in 1960s that goes around the neck", "evidence": "\");} Claim:A photograph shows a concept design from the 1960s of a seat belt that goes around one's neck. [...] Although we were unable to find the source of this photograph, which is captioned \"A concept design for car safety belts from the 1960s,\" the concept appears to have been inspired by a scene in the 2008 film \"The Onion Movie\": According to the consumer advocacy group Center for Auto Safety, seat belts started their evolution as lap belts. In 1958, a Swedish engineer for Volvo invented the three-point restraint, namely a seat belt that included a lap belt and diagonal shoulder restraint. We found no evidence of any such design as the one shown above for neck belts \u2014 and for obvious reasons it would be an extraordinarily bad idea.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Concept design of car safety belt in 1960s that goes around the neck", "evidence": "Considering the chronology of evolution of the seat belts, there is no mention of any safety belt that goes around the neck. Volvo developed a modern three-point seat belt, which is in use now. After this successful intervention, it is highly unlikely that inventors tested a safety belt that goes around the neck. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Financial security of senior citizens with PM Vaya Vandana Yojana, gives 8% interest for 10 years. Investment limit doubled to 15 lakh rupees and scheme extended till 2020.", "evidence": "The Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY) is a government pension scheme specifically designed to provide financial security and a fixed income stream for senior citizens aged 60 years and above. Administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) on behalf of the government, this scheme offers a guaranteed interest rate of 7.40% per annum for a period of 10 years. [...] The Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY) provides an attractive investment option for senior citizens with its maximum investment limit and competitive interest rate. Under this scheme, individuals can invest a maximum amount of INR 15 lakh, allowing them to secure their financial future. [...] With the maximum investment limit of INR 15 lakh and an interest rate of 7.40% per annum, the Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana offers a compelling opportunity for senior citizens to secure their financial future and enjoy a comfortable retirement.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Financial security of senior citizens with PM Vaya Vandana Yojana, gives 8% interest for 10 years. Investment limit doubled to 15 lakh rupees and scheme extended till 2020.", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes four claims about the Jan Suraksha Yojana. This article is a fact check of those claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Financial security of senior citizens with PM Vaya Vandana Yojana, gives 8% interest for 10 years. Investment limit doubled to 15 lakh rupees and scheme extended till 2020.", "evidence": "To celebrate the 150 Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, Father of the Nation from 2nd October 2019, the Budget set aside Rs.150 crore for the activities leading to the commemoration programme. [...] Relief to Senior Citizens has also been proposed. The proposals are :- - Exemption of interest income on deposits with banks and post offices are proposed to be increased from Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 50,000. TDS shall not be required to be deducted under section 194A. Benefit will also be available for interest from all fixed deposit schemes and recurring deposit schemes. [...] - Increease in deduction limit for medical expenditure for certain critical illness from Rs. 60,000 (in case of senior citizens) and from Rs. 80,000 (in case of very senior citizens) to Rs. 1 lakh for all senior citizens, under section 80DDB. Concessions will give extra tax benefit of Rs. 4,000 crore to senior citizen. It is also proposed to extend the Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana up to March, 2020. The current investment limit is also proposed to be increased to Rs. 15 lakh from the existing limit of Rs. 7.5 lakh per senior citizen.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u2018The Kerala Story\u2019 actress Devoleena Bhattacharjee married a Muslim man after the release of her film", "evidence": "Devoleena Bhattacharjee took the internet by storm earlier in the day by sharing photos in wedding attire. It left her fans speculating whether she actually got married. Now, the actress put everyone\u2019s curiosity to rest by confirming she has tied the knot and sharing photos with her husband. On Wednesday evening, the Saath Nibhana Saathiyaa actress took to social media to drop a couple of photos with her husband. According to reports, her husband is her gym trainer Shahnawaz Sheikh. [...] Devoleena\u2019s Saath Nibhana Saathiyaa co-star Vishal Singh was among the many people attending the wedding. He was seen holding her hand while they posed for a picture. Last year, Devoleena revealed she was dating someone but did not reveal his identity. \"Currently, I am happy in my relationship, but you never know when things change. I want to take time to understand life and various situations. Even though my partner is very understanding and supportive, one never knows what can happen in the future. I am not someone who hides things. Once I decide to get married, I will let everyone know about it,\" she said in January 2021.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "World\u2019s biggest Anaconda snake which is 134 feet long and 2067 Kgs weight.", "evidence": "As per the Guinness World Records, the longest snake ever in captivity is \u2018Medusa\u2019 and it is of length 25 feet 2 inches and weight 158.8 kgs. And, as per the National Geographic Channel, the \u2018Green Anaconda\u2019 is the largest snake in the world with length up to 30 feet and weighs up to 250 kgs. Also, the photo in the post is photoshopped. So, the claim is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Disinvestment crossed target of 72,500 crore rupees.", "evidence": "Relief to salaried taxpayers: standard deduction of Rs 40,000 allowed in lieu of present exemptions 2.5 Crores salaried employees and pensioners to benefit Differently-Abled will continue to get transport allowance at enhanced rate [...] Further, the Finance Minister proposed raising the limit of deduction for medical expenditure in respect of certain critical illness from Rs. 60,000/- in case of senior citizens and from Rs. 80,000/- in case of very senior citizens, to Rs. 1 lakh in respect of all senior citizens, under section 80DDB. [...] Disinvestment crossed target of Rs 72,500 crore to reach Rs 1,00,000 crore", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Disinvestment crossed target of 72,500 crore rupees.", "evidence": "- Loans to Women Self Help Groups will increase to Rs.75,000 crore in 2019 from 42,500 crore last year. [...] - Centres of excellence to be set up on robotics, AI, Internet of things etc - Disinvestment crossed target of Rs 72,500 crore to reach Rs 1,00,000 crore - Comprehensive Gold Policy on the anvil to develop yellow metal as an asset class - 100 percent deduction proposed to companies registered as Farmer Producer Companies with an annual turnover upto Rs. 100 crore on profit derived from such activities, for five years from 2018-19. [...] - Relief to Senior Citizens proposed:- - Exemption of interest income on deposits with banks and post offices to be increased from Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 50,000.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Disinvestment crossed target of 72,500 crore rupees.", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal. In this infographic, the government makes four claims about the reforms and setting up of institutions in the economy. This article is a fact check of these claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "In an open letter written by Dr. Devi Shetty, he called on people to gather at the Governor\u2019s residence of each state with a petition to oppose the recently proposed health care service tax which he labels as a \u2018Misery tax\u2019", "evidence": "This letter was indeed written by Dr. Devi Shetty, but in 2011 when the then Finance minister Pranab Mukherjee proposed to levy a service tax of 5% on the healthcare services provided by hospitals with 25 or more beds with central air conditioning facilities. This letter and the opposition to this bill from various healthcare professionals led the government to withdraw the proposed provision. The 2023-24 union budget also does not contain any provision for service tax on healthcare. Hence the claim made in the post is Misleading", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "In an open letter written by Dr. Devi Shetty, he called on people to gather at the Governor\u2019s residence of each state with a petition to oppose the recently proposed health care service tax which he labels as a \u2018Misery tax\u2019", "evidence": "On February 25, Trinamool Congress\u2019s Rajya Sabha MP Jawhar Sircar shared an open letter by Dr Devi Shetty of Narayana Hridayalaya where he had called service tax on healthcare \u2018misery tax\u2019. Sircar wrote in the post, \"Agree fully with Dr Devi Shetty that Modi-Nirmala\u2019s service tax on health services will devastate the middle class and poor. Withdraw this tax!\" In the letter published as an advertisement in the newspapers, Dr Devi Shetty opposed a proposed service tax of 5 per cent on healthcare in the budget. Calling it a \u2018misery tax\u2019, Dr Shetty had called people to assemble at the Governor\u2019s house of each state at 11 AM on March 12 with a petition to roll back the tax. [...] To summarise, a service tax on Healthcare was proposed by FM Mukherjee in the 2011 budget. After backlash, it was withdrawn by the government. The post that Sircar shared has the clipping of an open letter Dr Shetty wrote in 2011. Thus, Sircar\u2019s post is misleading.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "More than 6 lakh high risk pregnancies identified.", "evidence": "- More than 1.16 crore antenatal check-ups conducted. - Conducted at over 12900 health facilities across all State/UTs - Over 4900 volunteers registered on PMSMA portal across all State/UTs - More than 6 lakh high risk pregnancies have been identified", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "More than 6 lakh high risk pregnancies identified.", "evidence": "- More than 2.1 crore children and around 56 lakh pregnant women have been immunized under Mission Indradhanush which was launched to reach the unreached. [...] - More than 40 lakh antenatal checkups have been conducted at PMSMA sites for comprehensive services under the programme. [...] - More than 2.70 lakh high risk pregnancies have been identified under PMSMA.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "More than 6 lakh high risk pregnancies identified.", "evidence": "The fourth claim is that \u2018more than 6 lakh high risk pregnancies identified\u2019. One of the critical components of the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan is identification and follow-up of high risk pregnancies. Since its inception in 2016, Over 7 lakh women with high risk conditions have been identified. [...] Fact: Since its inception in 2016, Over 7 lakh women with high risk conditions have been identified. Hence, the claim is TRUE.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "1000 scholarships per annum are available", "evidence": "An infographic published by the government on the 48-month portal makes claims regarding scholarship to persons with disability. Here is a fact check of these claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "1000 scholarships per annum are available", "evidence": "Harrow School, another prestigious old English public school, has a range of scholarships on offer, though most are only worth 5% of the cost of school fees \u2013 which equates to around \u00a31,000 per annum. However, they also have a bursary scheme that could cover up to 100% of your school fees, and these are usually awarded to boys who also have a scholarship. Scholarships are available for those with a talent in art or music, as well as general academic promise. There\u2019s also the \"Outstanding Talent Scholarship\", which seeks to reward boys who are able to demonstrate exceptional talent in a maximum of three activities that would \"make a significant contribution at Harrow, such as ball games, athletics, swimming, drama or design technology.\" If you think Harrow might be the right school for you, you\u2019ll also have to be prepared for a lot of singing \u2013 the school is famous for it!", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "1000 scholarships per annum are available", "evidence": "Whitworth offers generous scholarships ranging from $18,000-$30,000 per year, based on students' academic achievement, personal background and other factors. These scholarships are offered after a holistic review of your admissions application and are renewable up to four years as long as the student maintains satisfactory academic progress. [...] Talent and Participation Scholarships: $1,000+", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ladli Foundation supports poor families who cannot bear the burden of marriage expenses. The foundation will take care of the total cost of the wedding and will provide the bride with the basic things worth Rs. 1 lakh, to start a new family.", "evidence": "The message in the post is fake. Ladli Foundation only conducts mass marriage ceremonies for couples from poor families and provides basic things to start a new life. It does not support single marriage ceremonies as written in the message and does not give Rs. 1 lakh worth goods. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "In 2004, under the Manmohan government, there was no tax on income upto Rs. 50,000. In 2019, under the Modi government, there is no tax on income upto Rs. 5,00,000.", "evidence": "There was no tax on income upto Rs. 50,000 in 2004 but that limit can be extended to Rs. 1,00,000 by taking tax rebate. When the tax is rebated there is no effective tax on the income, so there was no tax on the income upto Rs 1,00,000 in 2004. In 2019, Rs. 5,00,000 tax exemption limit is after considering the tax rebate. Without the tax rebate, the actual income limit for no income tax is just Rs. 2,50,000 (in 2019). So the claim is MISLEADING.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Agro based and thematic clusters for skilled manpower and economic opportunities are being identified", "evidence": "When we compare our skill clusters to the thematic categories in the Lightcast Open Skills taxonomy, we find partial agreement, suggesting our method may offer a different way to group skills based on observed usage rather than prescribed expert categories based on competencies and sectors.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Agro based and thematic clusters for skilled manpower and economic opportunities are being identified", "evidence": "The second claim is that Agro based and thematic clusters for skilled manpower and economic opportunities are being identified. According to an answer provided in the Lok Sabha, \u2018Rs. 19,961.81 crores of investment have been estimated in the first 197 Integrated Cluster Action Plans (ICAPs). Of the total investment proposed, nearly 78% is targeted towards saturation of Economic and Basic Amenities. Various Thematic Areas have been identified for saturation of Economic Amenities, such as Agri Services and Processing, followed by Skill development to promote Small and Medium Scale Enterprises and Tourism.\u2019 The details of the specific clusters based on various economic themes is available on the SPMRM website. [...] Fact: As per the government\u2019s response in the Lok Sabha, thematic Areas have been identified for saturation of Economic Amenities, such as Agri Services and Processing, followed by Skill development to promote Small and Medium Scale Enterprises and Tourism. The SPMRM website also has details of these thematic clusters. Hence, the claim is TRUE. [...] The last claim is that 300 Rurban clusters are ODF and are about green growth. The annual report of the Ministry of Rural Development (2016-17) states that, \u2018the mission outcome as per the current design will see Rs. 30,000 crores of investment in 300 clusters benefitting more than 3000 gram panchayats, across the country, saturating them with all basic, social and digital amenities. At the end if the mission period, the country will have 300 Rurban clusters which will be ODF, green, agro based and thematic clusters with skilled manpower and access to economic opportunities.\u2019", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Nepal bans all Indian TV channels except DD News", "evidence": "The claim that all private Indian news channels are banned in Nepal except DD News is misleading. While such a ban was imposed for a limited time in 2020, it was subsequently lifted. The circulating post is sharing old news with a misleading claim, leading to confusion among social media users. [...] The viral post was shared by a user named \u2018Bhashan Ya Rashan,\u2019 (Archive) with the caption, \"Nepal bans DD News. Banned all Indian channels except\u2026 Nepal was troubled by the injury of Dankapati\u2019s sting.\" Many other users on different social media platforms have shared the same image with identical or similar claims. [...] - Claim Review : All private Indian news channels are banned in Nepal except DD News.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Silver foil making process still involves animal products", "evidence": "The product is created by pounding silver into very thin foil sheets that are backed by paper. It must be handled delicately as even a light touch can cause it to break and crumble. Although it is supposed to be made with at least 99.9 percent silver, which is even more pure than sterling silver, a number of kinds of varak have been found to be far less pure, mixed with other types of metals such as aluminum or even cadmium. Many vegetarians believe that varak is not suitable for their diets because there is speculation that the process of making the silver foil includes the use of animal products.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The share of GDP allocated for education (primary, secondary and tertiary) saw an increase from 3.29 per cent in 2004-2005 to 3.83 per cent in 2012-13.", "evidence": "Gross Domestic Product expenditure of on higher education 39, 43, 46, 52, 59, 284-285, 288, 379 growth in 281 growth in higher education (see also demand) 17-21, 88, 274 Harris report 144, 152, 158, 182 health and safety 171, 235, 277, 303 higher education compact 11- 12, 86, 107-108, 158, 197, 228-229, 235, 253, 282-283, 289, 297-298, 322, 347, 362, 366, 368, 434, 446 [...] Quality Assurance Agency 37, 122, 124, 142-143, 151, 157-161, 163-164, 178-179, 182, 254-255, 259, 262, 308, 356, 367-368, 371, 373, 378-379 quality of higher education 24, 36, 143, 160, 163, 202, 221 rates of return see economic benefits to individual and to society regional role of higher education 1, 251-252, 260, 358, 369, 382, 448, 458 encouraging entrepreneurship 201, 375 engaging in cultural and community development 195-196", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The share of GDP allocated for education (primary, secondary and tertiary) saw an increase from 3.29 per cent in 2004-2005 to 3.83 per cent in 2012-13.", "evidence": "Public spending on education as a share of GDP [...] \"Data Page: Public spending on education as a share of GDP\". Our World in Data (2024). Data adapted from World Bank, Tanzi & Schuknecht. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-government-expenditure-on-education-gdp [online resource] [...] World Bank (2023); Tanzi & Schuknecht (2000) \u2013 processed by Our World in Data. \"Public spending on education as a share of GDP\" [dataset]. World Bank, \"World Bank Education Statistics (EdStats) 2023\"; Tanzi & Schuknecht, \"Public Expenditure on Education OECD\" [original data]. Retrieved October 9, 2024 from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-government-expenditure-on-education-gdp", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Former President Donald Trump \"intends to enact what, in effect, is a national sales tax ... that would raise prices on middle-class families by almost $4,000 a year.\"", "evidence": "\u2022 That said, Trump did implement several key promises, including installing conservative judges, levying tariffs, moving the U.S. embassy in Israel to Jerusalem, and pulling out of the Paris climate accord. [...] Raise tariffs on goods imported into the U.S. [...] PolitiFact, Trump-O-Meter index page, accessed Jan. 19, 2021", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Former President Donald Trump \"intends to enact what, in effect, is a national sales tax ... that would raise prices on middle-class families by almost $4,000 a year.\"", "evidence": "As he\u2019s campaigned to win back the White House, former President Donald Trump has made a lot of big promises. [...] He would pursue an aggressive trade policy, this time including a 10% tariff on foreign goods. Critics have said this would spike inflation after Trump has hammered Biden over elevated prices. Trump said he would also prevent U.S. investments in Chinese companies; Trump has often singled out China as an economic adversary. [...] Supporters of former President Donald Trump try to break through a police barrier, Jan. 6, 2021, at the Capitol in Washington. (AP)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Former President Donald Trump \"intends to enact what, in effect, is a national sales tax ... that would raise prices on middle-class families by almost $4,000 a year.\"", "evidence": "During his 2024 presidential campaign, former President Donald Trump has repeatedly proposed wide-ranging tariffs on imported goods. The specific projected dollar impact on consumers varies. Two estimates we found broadly support Harris\u2019 $4,000 figure; two others show a smaller \u2014 though still significant \u2014 impact.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Former President Donald Trump is \u201cagainst mail in voting.\u201d", "evidence": "Many Americans Don't Trust Mail-In Voting. What Can Be Done? [...] Since his rise to the heights of politics nine years ago, former U.S. President Donald Trump has continuously denounced mail-in voting as a concrete example of what he claims is endemic fraud in American elections. Without evidence, he has depicted mail voting as an open portal in many states, an easy way for Democrats, foreign countries, or unauthorized immigrants to shovel millions of fake, election-flipping votes into the electoral system.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cCandace Owens vows to have Taylor Swift banned from next NFL season.\u201d", "evidence": "In the latest wave of cultural clashes, conservative commentator Candace Owens has set her sights on superstar Taylor Swift, vowing to bar her from NFL events in the upcoming season. Owens, known for her outspoken views on social and political issues, labeled Swift as \"awfully woke,\" sparking a fervent debate over the intersection of entertainment, activism, and sports. Owens, a prominent figure in conservative circles, has been vocal about her disapproval of Swift\u2019s public stances on various political and social issues. In a recent statement, Owens declared her intention to rally support for banning Swift from NFL events, citing her perceived influence in shaping public opinion. [...] However, Owens and other critics argue that Swift\u2019s activism has crossed into divisive territory, polarizing audiences and injecting politics into entertainment spaces like the NFL. Owens accused Swift of leveraging her fame to advance a partisan agenda, calling for a reevaluation of her presence in mainstream events.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThere is a direct connection between discriminatory policies within the USDA and the enormous land loss we have seen among Black farmers over the past century.\"", "evidence": "\"When it comes to farming and agriculture, we know that there is a direct connection between discriminatory policies within the USDA and the enormous land loss we have seen among Black farmers over the past century,\" Booker said in a statement about the Justice for Black Farmers Act. [...] Years of discrimination left Black farmers with more debt than their counterparts, and less land and access to credit, contributing to a decline in the number of farmers who are not white. [...] Black farmers sued the USDA in 1997, arguing that racial discrimination led to Black farmers losing out on important federal assistance such as farm loans between 1981 and 1996. The landmark class-action suit Pigford v. USDA was settled for $1 billion, with the main payment being $50,000 to farmers whose claims were accepted with additional debt and tax liability.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThere is a direct connection between discriminatory policies within the USDA and the enormous land loss we have seen among Black farmers over the past century.\"", "evidence": "Booker\u2019s claim is supported by findings in USDA reports, legal settlements between the department and Black farmers and expert opinion. In 1920, there were about 925,700 Black farmers. In 2017, that number was down to 45,500. Bias in the implementation of New Deal policies and other farm assistance programs meant Black farmers were continually denied opportunities to expand and modernize their farms.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"In the Wisconsin State Assembly this session, more than 75% of GOP bills received a public hearing. Meanwhile, the GOP allowed less than 2% of Democratic bills to have a hearing.\"", "evidence": "Francesca Hong stated on May 18, 2022 in a tweet: \"In the Wisconsin State Assembly this session, more than 75% of GOP bills received a public hearing. Tony Evers stated on June 13, 2022 in Campaign email: \"Wisconsin's archaic abortion ban is older than 20 states.\" Kelda Helen Roys stated on May 8, 2022 in TV interview: Because of U.S. Senate rules, Democrats need \"more than a majority ... to codify Roe vs. Wade.\" Eric Toney stated on April 14, 2022 in News release: The state crime lab under Attorney General Josh Kaul \"is testing significantly less items than former AG Brad Schimel and is still taking longer to test many categories of key items in comparison to Schimel, including DNA.\" Melissa Agard stated on April 11, 2022 in Twitter: Cannabis reform \"is supported by the majority of the residents of our state, including a majority of Republicans.\" Tony Evers stated on January 13, 2022 in News release: Says he has issued more pardons than \"any Wisconsin governor in contemporary history.\" [...] Francesca Hong stated on May 18, 2022 in a tweet: \"In the Wisconsin State Assembly this session, more than 75% of GOP bills received a public hearing.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "All men aged 18 to 26 \u201chave been automatically registered in the U.S. Army.\u201d", "evidence": "It\u2019s important to know that even though he is registered, a man will not automatically be inducted into the military. In a crisis requiring a draft, men would be called in a sequence determined by random lottery number and year of birth. Then, they would be examined for mental, physical, and moral fitness by the military before being deferred or exempted from military service or inducted into the Armed Forces. [...] Men serving in the military on full-time active duty do not have to register if serving continuously from age 18 to age 26. Those attending the service academies do not have to register. However, if a man joins the military after turning 18 or leaves the military before turning 26, he must register. [...] Members of the Reserve and National Guard not on full-time active duty must register.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cCaitlin Clark rejects $400 million deal from Nike\u201d saying \u201cnot with that Kaepernick clown.\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "Caitlin Clark Reportedly Signs 8-Year, $28 Million Deal With Nike [...] Although Nike has been sparse on details, The Wall Street Journal has reported the athletic giant\u2019s deal for Caitlin Clark is worth up to $28 million over eight years. [...] More details have surfaced about WNBA rookie Caitlin Clark\u2019s reported signature shoe deal and contract with Nike.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cCaitlin Clark rejects $400 million deal from Nike\u201d saying \u201cnot with that Kaepernick clown.\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "\"BREAKING: Caitlin Clark Rejects $400 Million Deal From Nike, 'Not With That Kaepernick Clown,\u2019' read a June 21 Facebook post. It included an image of Clark and former San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick. [...] News, \"Caitlin Clark Rejects $400 Million Deal From Nike, \u2018Not With That Kaepernick, (archived), June 21, 2024 SpaceXMania, \"Breaking: Caitlin Clark Turns Down Massive Nike Endorsement Worth $400 Million, \"Never In A Million Years With That Kaepernick Clown\" (archived), June 19, 2024", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cCaitlin Clark rejects $400 million deal from Nike\u201d saying \u201cnot with that Kaepernick clown.\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "This claim originated on a satire site. In April, it was widely reported that Indiana Fever rookie Caitlin Clark was expected to enter a lucrative contract with Nike.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "California Assembly Bill 1955 \u201cwould allow schools to secretly, socially and perhaps medically transition your child without your knowledge and consent.\"", "evidence": "AB 1955, known as The Safety Act, was introduced by Assemblyman Chris Ward, along with the California Legislative LGBTQ Caucus, on Wednesday, according to a report by KMPH in Fresno. The bill was introduced following reports of students being outed by school staff, sometimes leading to familial rejection or even violence. \"I am proud to stand up for our LGBTQ youth and introduce #AB1955 The SAFETY Act,\" Ward wrote on X, formerly Twitter, on Thursday. \"Teachers should not be the gender police and violate the trust and safety of the students in their classrooms. This bill will ensure all students have a safe and supportive environment to learn, regardless of their gender identity.\" Supporters of the bill argue that outing students without their consent can lead to severe mental health issues, including depression and anxiety, and in extreme cases, homelessness or self-harm. Advocacy groups like the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Equality California have voiced strong support for the measure.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "California Assembly Bill 1955 \u201cwould allow schools to secretly, socially and perhaps medically transition your child without your knowledge and consent.\"", "evidence": "One social media user said in a June 16 Instagram video the bill \"would allow schools to secretly, socially and perhaps medically transition your child without your knowledge and consent.\" [...] An Instagram video says a proposed California law would let schools \"secretly, socially and perhaps medically transition your child without your knowledge and consent.\" The claim misstates what Assembly Bill 1955 would do. The law would ban any school district or governing body from enacting or enforcing policies that would require teachers and other school staff to share information about students\u2019 sexual orientation or gender identity with others, including parents, without students\u2019 consent.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "California Assembly Bill 1955 \u201cwould allow schools to secretly, socially and perhaps medically transition your child without your knowledge and consent.\"", "evidence": "California\u2019s Senate passed Assembly Bill 1955, which blocks school districts from enacting policies that require staff to notify parents about students\u2019 sexual orientation or gender identity. To become law, the bill would have to pass the state\u2019s Assembly and be signed by Gov. Gavin Newsom. The bill says schools should be supportive and affirming of students; it doesn\u2019t require school staff to encourage or assist in a child\u2019s gender transition, legal experts said.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cCaitlin Clark has officially joined the Canadian women's Olympic team.\u201d", "evidence": "What Caitlin Clark and Iowa's win over LSU and Angel Reese means for the growth Olympic women's basketball [...] Olympic Membership | Free Live Stream Sports & Original Series - join now! [...] UConn\u2019s Aaliyah Edwards played for Canada at the Games in Japan and her coach, Geno Auriemma, led the Rio 2016gold-medal winning women\u2019s U.S. team. Iowa\u2019s Caitlin Clark was invited to be a part of the U.S. women\u2019s training camp, which makes her eligible to be named to the U.S. team headed to the Olympic Games Paris 2024.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cCaitlin Clark has officially joined the Canadian women's Olympic team.\u201d", "evidence": "Canada Basketball confirmed that American basketball star Caitlin Clark has not joined Canada\u2019s Olympic women\u2019s basketball team. The image of Clark wearing the Canadian jersey appears to be edited.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Cristiano Ronaldo was the only European soccer captain who did not wear a rainbow armband at Euro 2020.", "evidence": "There is evidence that three team captains \u2014 from Germany, England, and Denmark \u2014 wore rainbow or pro-LGBTQ+ armbands during this tournament, which included 24 teams. Germany\u2019s captain, Manuel Neuer, was briefly investigated by the Union of European Football Associations for his rainbow armband. Cristiano Ronaldo was among many other captains who wore normal armbands.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Trump administration \u201cachieved the lowest African American unemployment rate and the lowest African American poverty rate ever recorded.\u201d", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Trump Touts Low Unemployment Rates For African-Americans, Hispanics [...] African American unemployment is the lowest ever recorded in our country. The Hispanic unemployment rate dropped a full point in the last year and is close to the lowest in recorded history. Dems did nothing for you but get your vote! #NeverForget @foxandfriends \u2014 Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) January 8, 2018 [...] Trump is right that African-American unemployment hit a record low in December. The unemployment rate for black Americans is currently 6.8 percent, the lowest level recorded since the government started keeping track in January 1972.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Crime statistics \u201cno longer include data from 30% of the country including the biggest and most violent cities.\u201d", "evidence": "Joe Biden stated on July 13, 2024 in a statement to the media \"The idea that there\u2019s political violence or violence in America like this is just unheard of.\" Social Media stated on July 13, 2024 in social media posts Donald Trump staged the shooting at his rally in Butler, Pennsylvania. Instagram posts stated on June 30, 2024 in an Instagram post The city of San Francisco posted street signs warning that \"stolen goods must remain under $950.\" Viral image stated on June 18, 2024 in a Facebook post \"Justin Timberlake allegedly had traces of molly, poppers, Truvada, and coke in his bloodstream following his DWI arrest in New York.\" Donald Trump stated on June 15, 2024 in remarks in Detroit Crime statistics \"no longer include data from 30% of the country including the biggest and most violent cities.\" Joe Biden stated on May 24, 2024 in a campaign email \"The last administration oversaw the largest increase in murders ever recorded.\" Load more [...] Donald Trump stated on June 15, 2024 in remarks in Detroit Crime statistics \"no longer include data from 30% of the country including the biggest and most violent cities.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Crime statistics \u201cno longer include data from 30% of the country including the biggest and most violent cities.\u201d", "evidence": "The feds for years had announced the change was coming, but many agencies did not switch in time to submit data, including the New York City Police Department and Los Angeles Police Department \u2014 the nation\u2019s two largest. Some entire states, including California and Florida, sent virtually no data. To make up for the data holes, the Justice Department created new estimation methods that use data from agencies that did submit to the FBI to fill in the blanks for the rest of the country. In some cases, the FBI didn\u2019t even have enough information to make an estimation. Here are a few examples of what the FBI could not include in its 2021 crime report: [...] This problem could persist for years, as upgrading reporting systems has proven expensive and complicated for police agencies. The Los Angeles Police tried for years and had to start from scratch. The San Francisco Police Department previously told The Marshall Project that they don\u2019t plan to send crime data to the FBI until 2025.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals \u201cjust ruled Covid vax mandates unconstitutional.\u201d", "evidence": "QUICK LOOK - The Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals found the COVID-19 mandates imposed by the University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine unconstitutional on May 7th. [...] The 10th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled the University of Colorado\u2019s expansive COVID-19 vaccine mandate unconstitutional earlier this month, calling it \"religious animus.\" [...] The plaintiffs argued Anschutz violated their First Amendment rights by selectively denying their religious objection to the COVID-19 vaccine.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\"Apple is \u2026 about to start charging us to use the FaceTime feature.\u201d", "evidence": "Apple doesn\u2019t charge a fee to use its popular FaceTime feature on iPhones, iPads and Macs, and has not announced plans to start charging users.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Apple is \u2026 about to start charging us to use the FaceTime feature.\u201d", "evidence": "The claim: Apple plans to start charging users for FaceTime [...] \"Apple is really about to start charging us to use the FaceTime feature, wild,\" reads the post. [...] No evidence Apple to start charging FaceTime users", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Pittsburgh Steelers coach \u201cdirects team to not participate in pride month\u201d calling it \"woke crap\"", "evidence": "On June 7, 2024, Esspots.com published an article positing that Mike Tomlin, the head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers, had advised his team not to participate in Pride Month activities, the monthlong commemoration of the LGBTQ+ community. According to the article, Tomlin called the festivities \"woke crap,\" adding that it had \"no place in our team activities.\" The article began as follows: [...] In a move that has sent shockwaves through both the sports and social communities, Steelers' Coach Mike Tomlin has directed his team not to participate in Pride Month activities, calling it \"woke crap.\" This decision has sparked a heated debate, drawing sharp reactions from fans, advocacy groups, and fellow athletes.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Pittsburgh Steelers coach \u201cdirects team to not participate in pride month\u201d calling it \"woke crap\"", "evidence": "In July 2022, the website The Dunning-Kruger Times published an article holding that Pittsburgh Steelers Head Coach Mike Tomlin had forbidden his players from taking a knee in protest against social injustice before NFL games: [...] Mike Tomlin, head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers, has issued a mandate to all of his players for the upcoming season: there will be no kneeling on the field. Tomlin\u2019s statement came as a shock to the team, since the Steelers have been the team with the largest number of unpatriotic kneelers since the crisis began in 2017. [...] In the past Tomlin has expressed support for his players who choose to kneel to protest social injustice. \"Our position is simple: We're going to support our players and their willingness to participate in this -- whether it's statements or actions,\" he told reporters in 2020.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\"Trump can\u2019t be on the Texas ballot because of our state constitution.\"", "evidence": "No, Texas Constitution doesn't bar Trump from running for president | Fact check The claim: Texas Constitution prohibits Trump from running for president [...] \"Trump can't be on the Texas ballot because of our state constitution,\" The X post's caption says.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Trump can\u2019t be on the Texas ballot because of our state constitution.\"", "evidence": "The post wrongly states that Texas\u2019 constitution would knock Trump off the ballot. [...] \"Trump can and will be on the ballot in Texas,\" Taylor said. [...] A Threads post said, \"Trump can\u2019t be on the Texas ballot because of our state constitution.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Fuddruckers is \u201cclosing ALL locations.\u201d", "evidence": "Hamburger chain Fuddruckers has denied rumors that it is closing all its locations. [...] Another news post by The U.S. Sun revealed that social media buzzed on May 23, 2024, with the phrase \"Fuddruckers closing all locations.\" The uproar originated from a now-removed TikTok post asserting Fuddruckers' complete closure in 2024. The video also claimed similar fates for chains like Pizza Hut and Applebee's. With over 50 locations spanning the US, Mexico, and Canada, Fuddruckers' purported shutdown garnered attention. However, it's important to note that while Fuddruckers isn't shuttering all outlets, it has indeed closed some in the past year.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Fuddruckers is \u201cclosing ALL locations.\u201d", "evidence": "\"Restaurants closing in 2024,\" the May 22 post says. \"Fuddruckers is expected to close ALL locations by the end of the year. Old Country Buffet is closing ALL remainder locations. IHOP is closing 100 locations.\" Other Facebook posts include as many as 24 restaurant chains, and these claim definitively that Fuddruckers, a hamburger chain, is \"closing ALL locations.\" [...] Some of the information in these posts is accurate; some of the most dramatic claims, such as Fuddruckers closing all its locations, aren\u2019t.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"The last administration oversaw the largest increase in murders ever recorded.\"", "evidence": "Joe Biden stated on July 13, 2024 in a statement to the media \"The idea that there\u2019s political violence or violence in America like this is just unheard of.\" Social Media stated on July 13, 2024 in social media posts Donald Trump staged the shooting at his rally in Butler, Pennsylvania. Instagram posts stated on June 30, 2024 in an Instagram post The city of San Francisco posted street signs warning that \"stolen goods must remain under $950.\" Viral image stated on June 18, 2024 in a Facebook post \"Justin Timberlake allegedly had traces of molly, poppers, Truvada, and coke in his bloodstream following his DWI arrest in New York.\" Donald Trump stated on June 15, 2024 in remarks in Detroit Crime statistics \"no longer include data from 30% of the country including the biggest and most violent cities.\" Joe Biden stated on May 24, 2024 in a campaign email \"The last administration oversaw the largest increase in murders ever recorded.\" Load more [...] Joe Biden stated on May 24, 2024 in a campaign email \"The last administration oversaw the largest increase in murders ever recorded.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Kansas City Chiefs said they refuse to participate in Pride Month because \u2018it\u2019s extremely woke.\u2019", "evidence": "NFL Team Kansas City Chiefs Refuses To Participate In Pride Month - Satire (screen capture) [...] Breaking: NFL Team Kansas City Chiefs Refuses To Participate In Pride Month, \"It's Extremely Woke\" In a surprising and controversial decision, the Kansas City Chiefs, one of the NFL's most prominent teams, have announced that they will not be participating in Pride Month celebrations this year. The team has stated that they find the event \"extremely woke,\" sparking a widespread debate and drawing both praise and criticism from various quarters.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kansas City Chiefs said they refuse to participate in Pride Month because \u2018it\u2019s extremely woke.\u2019", "evidence": "Kansas City Chiefs kicker Harrison Butker railed against Pride month along with President Biden\u2019s leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic and his stance on abortion during a commencement address at Benedictine College last weekend.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "HarperCollins \u201cremoved 64,575 words from the Bible.\u201d", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did HarperCollins Omit 64,575 Words In The NIV And ESV Bibles? A post shared on Facebook claims HarperCollins removed 64,575 words in the NIV and ESV Bibles after acquiring the publishing rights. [...] \"NIV was published by Zondervan but is now OWNED by Harper Collins, who also publishes the Satanic Bible and The Joy of Gay Sex. The NIV and ESV has now removed 64,575 words from the Bible including Jehovah, Calvary, Holy Ghost and omnipotent to name but a few,\" the post reads, in part. \"The NIV and ESV has also now removed 45 complete verses.\" (RELATED: Photo Shows 3d Model Of Taylor Swift, Not Biblical Figure Eve Created By Princeton Scientists)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "HarperCollins \u201cremoved 64,575 words from the Bible.\u201d", "evidence": "I\u2019m sure you know that New international version (NIV) was published by Zondervan but is now OWNED by Harper Collins, who also publishes the Satanic Bible and The Joy of Gay Sex. The NIV and English Standard Version (ESV) has now removed 64,575 words from the Bible including Jehovah, Calvary, Holy Ghost and omnipotent to name but a few\u2026 The NIV and ESV has also now removed 45 complete verses. Most of us have the Bible on our devices and phones. THE SOLUTION: If you must use the NIV and ESV, BUY and KEEP AN EARLIER VERSION OF the BIBLE. A Hard Copy cannot be updated. All these changes occur when they ask you to update the app. [...] Where the memes will tell you that modern translators are removing verses from the Bible, it\u2019s far more likely that the KJV\u2019s translators were working off of manuscripts that added verses to the Bible. Therefore, even though those verses have been printed in the Bible for hundreds of years, we\u2019re likely better off without having them.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Sen. Lindsey Graham said a newly elected Donald Trump \u201cwill round up and deport LEGAL immigrants.\u201d", "evidence": "Rep. Eric Swalwell, D-Calif., didn\u2019t quote Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., accurately. Swalwell posted that Graham said Trump plans to deport legal immigrants, but Graham said Trump plans to deport immigrants in the U.S. \"illegally,\" not \"legally.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Sen. Lindsey Graham said a newly elected Donald Trump \u201cwill round up and deport LEGAL immigrants.\u201d", "evidence": "All right. Senator, let's \u2013 let\u2019s move on to immigration. If reelected, Donald Trump has said he's willing to build migrant detention camps and deploy the U.S. military to deport the more than 11 million undocumented immigrants in this country. It would be the largest deportation operation in American history. Do you support that plan? [...] Senator, here's what you said about Donald Trump's mass deportation proposals in 2016. Take a look. I don't think it's reasonable to say you're going to round up and deport 11 million people. I don't think it's a plan that works. I don't think that's a realistic policy.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Audio of President Joe Biden\u2019s interview with Special Counsel Robert Hur leaked.", "evidence": "By \u2014 Amna Nawaz Amna Nawaz By \u2014 Shrai Popat Shrai Popat Leave your feedback Share Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/biden-uses-executive-privilege-block-gop-access-to-special-counsel-interview-audio Email Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Transcript Audio President Biden used executive privilege to deny House Republicans access to audio from his interview with special counsel Robert Hur. The October 2023 interview centered on the president\u2019s handling of classified documents. Republicans requested the audio and planned to hold Attorney General Garland in contempt of Congress for failing to provide it. Amna Nawaz discussed more with Carrie Johnson. Read the Full Transcript Notice: Transcripts are machine and human generated and lightly edited for accuracy. They may contain errors. Amna Nawaz: President Biden today used executive privilege to deny House Republicans access to audio recordings from his interview with special counsel Robert Hur.The October 2023 interview centered on the president's handling of classified documents. Hur's report described the president as a \u2014 quote \u2014 \"sympathetic, well-meaning, elderly man with a poor memory.\"House Republicans, including Representatives Jim Jordan and James Comer, requested the audio and planned to hold Attorney General Merrick Garland in contempt of Congress for failing to provide it.Earlier today, Garland addressed the matter.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Audio of President Joe Biden\u2019s interview with Special Counsel Robert Hur leaked.", "evidence": "Joe Biden-Robert Hur interview audio wasn\u2019t leaked; it\u2019s a deepfake, DOJ and experts say [...] Audio of President Joe Biden\u2019s interview with Special Counsel Robert Hur has not been released by the Justice Department. One reason the Justice Department cited: fear it would be used to create deepfake. [...] Republicans in the U.S. House of Representatives have threatened to hold Attorney General Merrick Garland in contempt for refusing to release an audio recording of Special Counsel Robert Hur\u2019s interview of President Joe Biden in a classified documents case.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Audio of President Joe Biden\u2019s interview with Special Counsel Robert Hur leaked.", "evidence": "The Department of Justice doubled down on its decision to not release the audio files of President Joe Biden\u2019s interview with special counsel Robert Hur to House Republicans, stating that Republicans have not established a legitimate legislative purpose for demanding these recordings, in a new letter obtained by CNN. The letter from DOJ Assistant Attorney General Carlos Uriarte to House Oversight Chair James Comer and House Judiciary Chair Jim Jordan sets up a showdown with Republicans who have continued to threaten holding Attorney General Merrick Garland in contempt of Congress for not releasing the audio recordings of the interviews Hur conducted with the president and his ghostwriter, Mark Zwonitzer. [...] Uriarte argued that DOJ has extensively cooperated with the committees, noting that the department has already turned over the transcripts of the interviews Biden and his ghostwriter had with the special counsel, which would address Republican allegations made about the president as part of their impeachment inquiry.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cWage increases have exceeded\u201d the cost of inflation.", "evidence": "If Your Time is short \u2022 From July through November 2022, monthly wage increases exceeded monthly inflation increases. [...] In July, August, September, October and November 2022, monthly wage increases exceeded monthly inflation increases, albeit narrowly in September and October. [...] He\u2019s correct that in July, August, September, October and November 2022, monthly wage increases exceeded monthly inflation increases, though narrowly for two of those months.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWage increases have exceeded\u201d the cost of inflation.", "evidence": "Looking at the duration of Joe Biden\u2019s presidency and using the standard measures for comparing inflation and wages, inflation has increased 19.3% since January 2021 while wages have risen 16.1%. When considering other time periods \u2014 compared with a year ago, compared with two years ago and compared with the month before the pandemic \u2014 wages have increased faster than inflation.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cJames Woods leaves Hollywood to join Mel Gibson\u2019s new non-woke film studio.\u201d", "evidence": "This claim originated on a self-described satire page.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cJames Woods leaves Hollywood to join Mel Gibson\u2019s new non-woke film studio.\u201d", "evidence": "In a move that has reverberated throughout the entertainment industry, veteran actor James Woods has officially left Hollywood to join Mel Gibson\u2019s newly established non-woke film studio. This partnership marks a significant shift for Woods, who has long been a polarizing figure due to his outspoken conservative beliefs in a predominantly liberal industry. [...] The reaction to Woods\u2019 move has been mixed. While many conservative voices have lauded his decision as a brave stand against Hollywood conformity, others in the industry warn that this split could deepen the cultural divisions within the arts community. Critics of the non-woke studio concept argue that it might limit the diversity of perspectives that film can offer by favoring certain viewpoints. [...] In conclusion, James Woods\u2019 departure from Hollywood to join Mel Gibson\u2019s non-woke film studio is more than just a career pivot\u2014it\u2019s a cultural statement. It represents a burgeoning movement within the film industry seeking to reclaim what its proponents feel is a lost emphasis on artistic freedom over political correctness. Only time will tell how this bold move will impact Woods\u2019 career and the broader cinematic landscape.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cKyle Rittenhouse\u2019s mom is 38.\u201d", "evidence": "Kyle Rittenhouse\u2019s mother is 49, not 38, as some social media posts have claimed [...] Kyle Rittenhouse\u2019s mother, Wendy Rittenhouse, is 49, not 38. [...] New York Post, Kyle Rittenhouse\u2019s mom blasts Biden, claims he \u2018defamed\u2019 her son, Nov. 12, 2021", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cElon Musk sues The View and Whoopi Goldberg for $60 million.\u201d", "evidence": "This claim originated on a self-described satire site.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Joe Biden wants \u201cto quadruple your taxes.\u201d", "evidence": "President Joe Biden is proposing a tax increase of roughly 7% over the next decade, which is far lower than the 300% increase that former President Donald Trump claimed. About 83% of the proposed Biden tax increase would be borne by the top 1% of taxpayers, a level that starts at just under $1 million a year in income. Taxpayers earning up to $60,400 would see their yearly taxes decline on average, and taxpayers between $60,400 and $107,300 would see an annual increase of $20 on average.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Donald Trump wants to terminate the Affordable Care Act.", "evidence": "Instead of terminating the Affordable Care Act, former President Donald Trump is now promising to make it \"much better, stronger and far less expensive\" if he wins the presidential election in November. \"I\u2019m not running to terminate the ACA as crooked Joe Biden says all over the place,\" Trump said in a video posted to Truth Social on Thursday, echoing a message he posted last month. \"We\u2019re going to make the ACA much better than it is right now and much less expensive for you.\" [...] Trump also signed a bill effectively eliminating the individual mandate, which required most Americans to have health insurance or face a penalty. And his administration supported a major court challenge to the Affordable Care Act\u2019s constitutionality, leaving it to a coalition of Democratic attorneys general to step in to defend it. The Supreme Court ultimately dismissed the challenge, keeping the law in place.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Donald Trump wants to terminate the Affordable Care Act.", "evidence": "\"MAGA Republicans have tried to get rid of the Affordable Care Act more than 50 times, and Trump is still determined to do it,\" Biden said May 19 in Detroit. \"In his words, he wants to \u2018terminate\u2019 the Affordable Care Act, which would deny 3 million Black Americans health insurance, deny protections for preexisting conditions for millions more Americans. But we\u2019re going to deny Trump.\" Biden has made similar statements in speeches, interviews and ads and has featured clips of Trump calling the ACA, also known as Obamacare, a \"disaster\" and saying that Trump \"wants to terminate it.\" Former President Barack Obama signed the ACA into law in 2010. [...] Biden said Trump wants to terminate the Affordable Care Act.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWalmart has announced starting June 3rd all locations in the U.S. will go back to 24hrs.\u201d", "evidence": "This rumor is unfounded. Walmart isn\u2019t resuming 24-hour operations.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "When Secretary of State Antony Blinken was in Ukraine recently \"he announced that they were going to suspend elections in Ukraine.\"", "evidence": "Ukraine\u2019s presidential election would have been held in March, but Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said in November that elections would not take place. Since Russia\u2019s 2022 invasion, Ukraine has operated under martial law. Ukraine\u2019s law prohibits elections during martial law. U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken made no announcement about suspending Ukraine\u2019s elections. He referred to Ukrainian elections in a May 14 speech, saying the U.S. is working with Ukraine to strengthen its election infrastructure for when Ukrainians agree conditions allow for elections.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "When Secretary of State Antony Blinken was in Ukraine recently \"he announced that they were going to suspend elections in Ukraine.\"", "evidence": "U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken made no announcement about suspending Ukraine\u2019s elections. He referred to Ukrainian elections in a May 14 speech, saying the U.S. is working with Ukraine to strengthen its election infrastructure for when Ukrainians agree conditions allow for elections. [...] One social media user, who was critical of U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken\u2019s recent Ukraine visit, said Blinken, during his trip, \"announced that they were going to suspend elections in Ukraine.\" [...] An Instagram post\u2019s claim that Blinken announced on a recent visit that Ukraine was suspending its elections ignores that the elections would have already taken place in March and that Zelenskyy announced in November they would not take place because of martial law.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "When Secretary of State Antony Blinken was in Ukraine recently \"he announced that they were going to suspend elections in Ukraine.\"", "evidence": "Secretary Blinken\u2019s Travel to Ukraine PRESS STATEMENT MATTHEW MILLER, DEPARTMENT SPOKESPERSON SEPTEMBER 6, 2023 Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken arrived in Ukraine today to meet with senior Ukrainian officials and demonstrate the United States\u2019 unwavering commitment to Ukraine\u2019s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and democracy, especially in the face of Russia\u2019s aggression. While in Ukraine, Secretary Blinken will meet with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Prime Minister \u2026 [...] Secretary Antony J. Blinken at the Ukraine Conference Session 1", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cViolent crime is near a record 50-year low.\u201d", "evidence": "The FBI\u2019s violent crime rate for 2022, the last year officially available, was 370 violent crimes per 100,000 population. Since 1972, only two years have had a lower violent crime rate: 2014 and 2019. Preliminary estimates for 2023 show the violent crime rate continuing to fall. If that is replicated in the final FBI data, 2023 will become the lowest year for the violent crime rate in 50 years.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cViolent crime is near a record 50-year low.\u201d", "evidence": "The violent crime rate reached a 50-year low in 2023, according to a report from the Council on Criminal Justice. The number of murders in America fell by over 12 percent \u2014 the largest decline in our history \u2014 according to AH Datalytics. Our murder rate is now lower than it was in the 1970s, \u201980s, and \u201990s. Most People Don\u2019t Know Crime Is Down [...] Last fall, the Guggenheim Foundation sponsored a study that forecasted crime rates into 2024 and beyond. The researchers predicted \"very modest increases\" in violent crime, which would plateau in 2025. Meanwhile, property crime would continue dropping.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cElon Musk Fires Entire Cast of \u201cThe View \u201d After Acquiring ABC.\u201d", "evidence": "We searched Google and reviewed \"The View\" hosts\u2019 social media posts for evidence that the hosts had recently been fired from the show and came up empty. We contacted spokespeople for \"The View\" and The Walt Disney Co. and received no response. (The Walt Disney Co. owns ABC.) We also found no reputable news organizations reporting that entrepreneur Elon Musk had acquired ABC.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cElon Musk Fires Entire Cast of \u201cThe View \u201d After Acquiring ABC.\u201d", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Elon Musk Acquire ABC And Fire Entire Cast Of \u2018The View\u2019? A post shared on Facebook claims Tesla CEO Elon Musk acquired ABC and fired the entire cast of talk show \"The View.\" [...] \"Elon Musk Fires Entire Cast of \u2018The View\u2019 After Acquiring ABC,\" the post reads, in part.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "NFL referees \u201cflex their authority, eject five players\u201d for kneeling during the national anthem.", "evidence": "This story originated on a self-described satire site.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Bird flu in the U.S. is a \"scamdemic\" timed to coincide with the 2024 presidential elections \u201cby design.\u201d", "evidence": "Latest Fact-checks in Science X posts stated on September 29, 2024 in X posts: A biolab caught fire in Georgia right before the 2024 election. Facebook posts stated on September 20, 2024 in una publicaci\u00f3n en Facebook: Bill Gates dijo que \"estamos tomando cosas que son ya sabes organismos gen\u00e9ticamente modificados y los estamos inyectando en los brazos de ni\u00f1os peque\u00f1os\" en el contexto de las vacunas. Instagram posts stated on June 18, 2024 in an Instagram post: The Gates Foundation \"awarded $9.5 million to UW-Madison to make H5N1 bird flu transmissible to humans.\" Threads posts stated on June 18, 2024 in a post: CERN scientists admit they \"accidentally\" ended the world in 2012 while performing experiments into the Higgs boson particle. Facebook posts stated on May 20, 2024 in a video: Footage \"shows a completely flat horizon proving the flat Earth and completely destroying the globe theory.\" Instagram posts stated on May 12, 2024 in an Instagram post: Bird flu in the U.S. is a \"scamdemic\" timed to coincide with the 2024 presidential elections \"by design.\" Tucker Carlson stated on May 9, 2024 in an Instagram post: Lyme disease became endemic because of U.S. government bioweapons labs. [...] Instagram posts stated on May 12, 2024 in an Instagram post: Bird flu in the U.S. is a \"scamdemic\" timed to coincide with the 2024 presidential elections \"by design.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cU.S. Olympic committee says Lia Thomas is welcome to try out for the men\u2019s team.\u201d", "evidence": "This story originated on a self-described satire site.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cU.S. Olympic committee says Lia Thomas is welcome to try out for the men\u2019s team.\u201d", "evidence": "Story about US Olympic committee inviting Lia Thomas to try out for men\u2019s team is fake [...] \"U.S. Olympic committee says Lia Thomas is welcome to try out for the men\u2019s team,\" reads text in an image labeled \"news\" that\u2019s being shared on social media. [...] The post included a link in the comments that led to a website called \"Freshstoryes.\" A May 11 post\u2019s headline there said, \"US Olympic committee says Lia Thomas is welcome to try out \u2014 for the men\u2019s team.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cDr. Sebi\u2019s daughter was sentenced to 155 years in prison for revealing top secret health hacks.\u201d", "evidence": "We found no evidence to support this claim.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Tariffs are a \u201cdirect, regressive tax on Americans\u201d and President Joe Biden\u2019s new tariffs on Chinese goods will \u201chit every family.\u201d", "evidence": "Fact check: Democrat says Biden's tariffs on China will 'hit every family' [...] \"Tariffs are a direct, regressive tax on Americans, and this tax increase will hit every family,\" Polis wrote as he reshared Biden\u2019s post. Experts say the tariffs could amount to a tax increase on many Americans. But they add that the notion that \"every\" American family will be hit is likely exaggerated.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. called voter ID \u201cracist,\u201d calls NRA a \u201cterrorist organization\u201d and supports affirmative action.", "evidence": "RFK Jr railing against 'racially rancid' voter ID laws in unearthed writings [...] The material reviewed by Fox News Digital was published throughout 2008 in the run-up to that year's presidential election, and included Kennedy referencing voter ID laws as \"racially rancid,\" and claiming voter fraud was \"non-existent.\" [...] Original article source: RFK Jr railing against 'racially rancid' voter ID laws in unearthed writings", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Former President Donald Trump \u201chas the worst record of job loss of any president.\u201d", "evidence": "Pelosi said April 29 that Trump \"has the worst record of job loss of any president.\" [...] During Trump\u2019s presidency, the U.S. lost a net 2.7 million jobs. [...] Pelosi said Trump had the worst jobs record of \"any president.\" Hoover almost certainly fared worse, and we don\u2019t know about earlier presidents, who served before reliable records were kept.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Former President Donald Trump \u201chas the worst record of job loss of any president.\u201d", "evidence": "He is also asking Americans to treat the last six months, the most devastating and sudden recession in recorded history, as an asterisk to his record. But, the current recession is arguably more tied to his direct decisions than any recession in history. At every decision point, President Trump has taken positions that ensured this recession would be deeper and more prolonged. Every president faces profound tests, but none have failed theirs at the magnitude that he has. [...] - Trump is the worst jobs president in recorded history, currently presiding over a loss of 6 million jobs from when he took over. In fact, he is on track to be the only president to have actually lost jobs over his term. [...] - The week ending March 28 saw close to 7 million Americans file for unemployment, the highest weekly number of unemployment claims in recorded history, reaching nearly seven times higher than the highest figure recorded before Trump\u2019s presidency.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"Trump bailed out Wall Street, but not Main Street.\"", "evidence": "It\u2019s wrong to say that coronavirus relief legislation didn\u2019t support ordinary small businesses. The CARES Act included the Paycheck Protection Program, which was designed to support smaller employers. Among the loans made with the first $350 billion of the Paycheck Protection Program, three-quarters of those loans were made in the smallest loan size category, one that would support a business of roughly seven to 10 people. In addition, singling out Trump for problems with how coronavirus relief efforts ignores that the efforts were also backed by virtually all congressional Democrats.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Trump bailed out Wall Street, but not Main Street.\"", "evidence": "Financial reform enacted through the Dodd-Frank Act has made a lot of necessary progress since the crisis. U.S. banks have more substantial loss-absorbing capital cushions, increasingly rely on stable sources of funding, undergo rigorous stress testing, and plan for their orderly failure. President Trump\u2019s intent to dismantle these reforms only helps Wall Street\u2019s bottom line\u2014ignoring the memory of every family who lost their home, every worker who lost his or her job, and every consumer who was peddled a toxic financial product.15 [...] The fact that President Donald Trump and House Financial Services Committee Chairman Jeb Hensarling are well on their way to choosing Wall Street over Main Street and letting Wall Street choose its own rules is not surprising, but the lack of subtlety is striking. The provisions in the Financial CHOICE Act show a malicious disregard for the lessons learned in the financial crisis. Erasing the progress made on financial stability, consumer protection, and the concentration of economic power on Wall Street would make the real economy far more vulnerable to the daily ravages of the worst financial practices, as well as to another serious financial crisis and ensuing recession. Lack of accountability would grow worse, not better, devastating the societal fabric of trust that deeply needs to be rebuilt. Too many workers lost their jobs, too many families lost their homes and wealth, and too many consumers were wronged for the United States to go back to those precrisis ways.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Says gubernatorial candidate Rebecca Kleefisch \u201cworked with Scott Walker to sign five abortion restrictions into law that took away services and threatened doctors with prison time for providing safe and legal abortions.\u201d", "evidence": "Wisconsin Senator Kelda Roys is correct when she asserts that gubernatorial candidate Rebecca Kleefisch \"worked with Scott Walker to sign five abortion restrictions into law that took away services and threatened doctors with prison time for providing safe and legal abortions.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Says gubernatorial candidate Rebecca Kleefisch \u201cworked with Scott Walker to sign five abortion restrictions into law that took away services and threatened doctors with prison time for providing safe and legal abortions.\u201d", "evidence": "Kelda Helen Roys stated on February 1, 2024 in Public appearance: Minnesota incarcerates \"about a third of what Wisconsin does.\" Kelda Helen Roys stated on April 26, 2023 in Twitter: Infertility is treated differently than other issues and \"often excluded from insurance coverage\" Kelda Helen Roys stated on May 8, 2022 in TV interview: Because of U.S. Senate rules, Democrats need \"more than a majority ... to codify Roe vs. Wade.\" Kelda Helen Roys stated on September 28, 2021 in Email: Says gubernatorial candidate Rebecca Kleefisch \"worked with Scott Walker to sign five abortion restrictions into law that took away services and threatened doctors with prison time for providing safe and legal abortions.\" Kelda Helen Roys stated on May 2, 2018 in a cable interview: Says \"political interference\" from Scott Walker\u2019s administration has led to \"gagging (DNR) scientists so they can no longer comment on proposed legislation\" and \"we\u2019re letting polluters write their own permits.\" Kelda Helen Roys stated on July 19, 2018 in a TV ad: \"In Wisconsin, abortion is still a crime.\" Kelda Helen Roys stated on April 18, 2018 in a tweet and campaign event: Wisconsin lost \"almost 4,000 manufacturing jobs in 2017.\" [...] Kelda Helen Roys stated on September 28, 2021 in Email: Says gubernatorial candidate Rebecca Kleefisch \"worked with Scott Walker to sign five abortion restrictions into law that took away services and threatened doctors with prison time for providing safe and legal abortions.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Your state will send you free infant formula if you call Enfamil and Similac customer service numbers.", "evidence": "The claim: States will send free baby formula to those who call Similac or Enfamil\u2019s customer service [...] Based on our research, we rate FALSE the claim that states will send people free baby formula if they call Similac or Enfamil\u2019s customer service. Neither of the phone numbers included in the claim indicate any such thing, and Similac officials have confirmed there is no such program. - Karen Twigg May, May 18, Email exchange with USA TODAY - Similac, accessed May 17, Customer service phone line recording - Lead Stories, May 17, Fact Check: NO Evidence Similac, Enfamil Will Send Free Baby Formula To Parents - PolitiFact, May 17, No, you can\u2019t get free baby formula from your state by calling these numbers", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Your state will send you free infant formula if you call Enfamil and Similac customer service numbers.", "evidence": "Formula manufacturers will often send coupons and free samples if you sign up for these perks. For example, the Similac Strong Moms and Enfamil Family Beginnings programs will each send you $400 worth of benefits (formula samples, coupons, and more). While you\u2019re at it, your doctor or baby\u2019s pediatrician may also have formula samples you can try at home for free. [...] If you find yourself in urgent need of an essential item (food, diapers, child care, etc.) and don\u2019t know where to turn, call 2-1-1. This number will connect you with staff and volunteers who can direct you to various resources in your area. You can find anything from help paying your bills to finding food to getting much-needed baby items, healthcare, and more. You can also call 2-1-1 for support with domestic violence, suicidal thoughts, sexual assault, homelessness, or any other crisis situation. Can\u2019t call? You can search for your local 2-1-1 organization and text or search for resources online.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Derek Chauvin had his left hand in his pocket while kneeling on George Floyd.", "evidence": "Derek Chauvin, the former Minneapolis police officer seen kneeling on the neck of George Floyd before his death, was arrested Friday on charges of third-degree murder and manslaughter. [...] State charging documents allege that former Minneapolis Police Officer Derek Chauvin had his knee on George Floyd\u2019s neck for 2 minutes and 53 seconds after Floyd became non-responsive based on law enforcement review of body-worn camera video. [...] Derek Chauvin was charged with third-degree murder and manslaughter in George Floyd's death, Hennepin County Attorney Mike Freeman announced.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\"Since the mid-'90s, this country has been governed by revolving continuing resolution and omnibus spending bill(s). \u2026 That is the reason we're $33 trillion in debt.\"", "evidence": "REP. MATT GAETZ, (R) FLORIDA: Kevin McCarthy is going to get his wish. I don\u2019t think the adult in the room would allow America to sit atop a $33 trillion debt facing $2.2 trillion annual deficits. I don\u2019t think the adult in the room would allow $8 trillion of this debt to come into refinancing at a higher level without serious spending cuts. And I don't think the adult in the room would lie to House conservatives. And that is exactly what Kevin McCarthy did. [...] I do not believe that we will ever reduce spending if the manner of negotiation is just, what is the condition or the ornament that we're going to hang on to a continuing resolution. Since the mid-90s this government has been ruled by continuing resolution or omnibus bill. That's why we're $33 trillion in debt. [...] Joe Biden and his administration increased spending by over $5 trillion in just two years. And as Matt pointed out, our national debt is $33 trillion. It's unsustainable.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"Since the mid-'90s, this country has been governed by revolving continuing resolution and omnibus spending bill(s). \u2026 That is the reason we're $33 trillion in debt.\"", "evidence": "However, in the 1990s we began to test our luck, not to mention that of the countries we told to follow our example, and we continue to test that luck. We have put ourselves deep in debt, not to finance productive investments but, rather, to finance wasteful projects: in the 1980s empty office buildings; in the 1990s fiber-optic systems that will not see light for years, and software that has interfered with business productivity rather than enhancing it; today a tax cut that disproportionately benefits the rich, fueling a consumption extravaganza that, though it may have prevented a greater slowdown, has not provided the foundations for future economic growth. It is still not clear how much of the private so-called investment of the 1990s was sheer waste; but even if we consider that only a fraction of the erosion in stock values is attributable to bad investments, the figure must be in the hundreds of billions of dollars.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"Since the mid-'90s, this country has been governed by revolving continuing resolution and omnibus spending bill(s). \u2026 That is the reason we're $33 trillion in debt.\"", "evidence": "Continuing resolutions keep the government functioning but permit the appropriations process to drag out for weeks or months past its theoretical deadline. Between fiscal 1998 and 2023, there have been an average of 113 days \u2013 or almost four months \u2013 between the start of each fiscal year and the date that year\u2019s final spending bill became law. In the most extreme case, the final spending bill for fiscal 2017 didn\u2019t become law until May 2017, more than seven months into the fiscal year. Rather than pass individual spending bills as envisioned in the 1974 budget law, Congress has increasingly resolved its annual spending disputes by using omnibus bills \u2013 which bundle several appropriations measures into a single, giant law \u2013 or full-year continuing resolutions. The first such omnibus measure was passed in 1950 as a one-off experiment, and the tactic was used a couple of times in the mid-1980s. However, omnibus bills have become much more frequent in the past two decades. In all but two fiscal years since 2007, in fact, all or nearly all of the regular appropriations bills were combined into such after-deadline package deals.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Poll watchers in Philadelphia prevented from entering polling places.", "evidence": "\"Today there was a big problem,\" Trump said on the debate stage. \"In Philadelphia they went in to watch. They\u2019re called poll watchers. A very safe, very nice thing. They were thrown out. They weren\u2019t allowed to watch. You know why? Because bad things happen in Philadelphia, bad things.\" [...] The woman told The Inquirer she had been hired by the Trump campaign to monitor the West Philadelphia site and calmly stated she had a right to be inside. Once again: She did not. No poll watchers in Pennsylvania will be allowed until Nov. 3. [...] Trump said poll watchers were \"thrown out\" of a polling place in Philadelphia. But the incident we witnessed, and any others that occurred Tuesday, took place at satellite offices, not at traditional polling places. And they involved self-appointed observers, not licensed poll watchers.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cFor African American families in particular, the homeownership rate remains relatively unchanged since 1968, the year the Fair Housing Act was signed into law.\u201d", "evidence": "A radical increase in Black homeownership is needed to see progress in bridging Black and White homeownership and wealth inequality. One of the defining factors of economic well-being for individuals and families is household net worth or wealth, but not all families are equal. Decades of racial injustice and economic inequality have led to persistent disparities in wealth, specifically for people of color. One of the foundational steps in building wealth is homeownership. Today, the homeownership rate for African Americans[1] is approximately 42% \u2013 45%, essentially unchanged from the rate decades ago and widening over the last a few years. This report highlights historic Black homeownership rates, and underscores the need to significantly increase homeownership rates for Black Americans. We believe reaching a 60% Black homeownership rate will address significant barriers to housing access and wealth creation for the African American community. [...] While Black homeownership has fluctuated over the past 40 years, the homeownership rate for Black Americans has still significantly lagged behind their White and Asian counterparts. Shockingly, Black homeownership rates remained relatively unchanged during the mid-\u201970s to early \u201980s. Since 1980, the homeownership gap between high-income Black and White Americans, in particular, was marginally narrowed; however, the homeownership gap among low- and moderate-income (LMI) Black and White households remained relatively constant, and widened after the late 1980s, thus widening the gaps in wealth and asset generation between Black and White Americans.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cFor African American families in particular, the homeownership rate remains relatively unchanged since 1968, the year the Fair Housing Act was signed into law.\u201d", "evidence": "More than half a century after the Fair Housing Act was signed into law in 1968, not only is the homeownership gap between white and Black Americans wider than it was in 1960, the homeownership rate of Black Americans is expected to be lower (40%) in 2040 than it was in 2020 (41%), according to a study by the Urban Institute, a Washington-based research organization focused on upward mobility and equity. Though some of the structural and systemic issues may have been alleviated after the passage of the Fair Housing Act, issues including financial education and awareness can still limit homeownership for lower-income households (a disproportionate share of whom are Black and Hispanic) or trap them into exploitative transactions. [...] Nancy Hite-Norde, 66, a real estate agent with Coldwell Banker in Westchester County, says the low homeownership rate among Black families is a good barometer of the treatment of Black people in this country.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cPrivate insurance gives \u2026 better coverage\u201d than people would get under a Medicaid expansion.", "evidence": "No, private insurance doesn\u2019t provide 'better coverage' than Medicaid [...] But the other portion of his claim is more unique. Does private insurance really provide \"better coverage\" to the individual than Medicaid? [...] Born said in an interview that \"private insurance gives \u2026 better coverage\" than people would get under a Medicaid expansion.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cPrivate insurance gives \u2026 better coverage\u201d than people would get under a Medicaid expansion.", "evidence": "Born asserts cost shouldn\u2019t be factored in to whether Medicaid or private insurance offers better coverage. But the cost of premiums, deductibles and copays are a fundamental part of everyone\u2019s health insurance decisions. And studies show cost is one of the biggest reasons many low-income people don\u2019t get needed care. Born\u2019s claim also ignores the tens of thousands of uninsured who would be able to get largely free coverage through an expanded Medicaid. And experts say access to health care providers is generally similar between Medicaid and private-sector plans, though some specialists are more difficult to find under Medicaid.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Quotes Joe Biden as saying, \u201cThe things I did while in elected office should not be made public while I am seeking a higher public office.\u201d", "evidence": "A Facebook post claims that Biden said on the show that whatever he did in the past shouldn\u2019t be made public while he runs for president. The post reads: \"\u2018The things I did while in elected office should not be made public while I am seeking a higher public office\u2019 \u2014 Joe Biden this morning on MSNBC\u2026\" [...] A Facebook post claims Biden went on MSNBC and said, \"The things I did while in elected office should not be made public while I am seeking a higher public office.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"Our Supreme Court has never taken away a constitutional right.\"", "evidence": "The best-known power of the Supreme Court is judicial review, or the ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act in violation of the Constitution, is not found within the text of the Constitution itself. The Court established this doctrine in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803). [...] Before the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment (1869), the provisions of the Bill of Rights were only applicable to the federal government. After the Amendment's passage, the Supreme Court began ruling that most of its provisions were applicable to the states as well. Therefore, the Court has the final say over when a right is protected by the Constitution or when a Constitutional right is violated. The Supreme Court plays a very important role in our constitutional system of government. First, as the highest court in the land, it is the court of last resort for those looking for justice. Second, due to its power of judicial review, it plays an essential role in ensuring that each branch of government recognizes the limits of its own power. Third, it protects civil rights and liberties by striking down laws that violate the Constitution. Finally, it sets appropriate limits on democratic government by ensuring that popular majorities cannot pass laws that harm and/or take undue advantage of unpopular minorities. In essence, it serves to ensure that the changing views of a majority do not undermine the fundamental values common to all Americans, i.e., freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and due process of law.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Nikki Haley \u201csays the retirement age at 65 is way too low, it must be much higher.\u201d", "evidence": "Republican presidential candidate Nikki Haley wants to raise retirement age, limit benefits for some, to save Social Security Nikki Haley, a former governor of South Carolina who is vying to be the Republican nominee for U.S. president, took a step into the often taboo topic of Social Security and said she would raise the retirement age in a move to save the entitlement program. [...] Haley's comments double-down on her thoughts from a month ago, when she told Bloomberg that \"65 is way too low\" of a retirement age and any new retirement age would need to be increased in relation to the average U.S. lifespan.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Says Donald Trump said \u201cgood\u201d during the final presidential debate in reference to families being separated at the border.", "evidence": "More in this seriesThroughout the spring of 2018, as the number of family separations at the U.S.-Mexico border exploded, President Donald Trump's administration insisted that the government took thousands of kids from their parents because the families had committed a federal crime. [...] Spokesmen for ICE and Customs and Border Protection declined to comment, citing pending litigation. But the court documents in a case called Ms. L vs. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) show that this happened to dozens of others. The lawsuit, filed by the American Civil Liberties Union in February, mentions at least 40 other examples of families who were separated at the border, even though they weren't prosecuted for crossing illegally. Ms. L and her young daughter presented themselves to border agents at a bridge between Tijuana, Mexico and San Diego last year and were separated anyway. [...] In past statements, the government has claimed it would only separate families at ports of entry if it's not sure of the familial relationship, or is worried about issues like child abuse.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says Donald Trump said \u201cgood\u201d during the final presidential debate in reference to families being separated at the border.", "evidence": "Trump didn't say \u2018good\u2019 in reference to family separations; he said \u2018go ahead\u2019 to debate moderator [...] \"If you heard Trump say \u2018good\u2019 about the kids being separated from their parents, and you still plan to vote for him, you\u2019re inhuman,\" says an Oct. 23 post from a Facebook page called Close the Camps. [...] Did Trump really say that separating families at the border is \"good?\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cLego donates model MRI kits to hospitals to help children understand the procedure and reduce their anxiety.\u201d", "evidence": "Lego: MRI toys donated to hospitals to help kids feel less nervous - Published - comments The Lego Foundation - part of the Lego company that does charity work - has announced that it will donate 600 new MRI scanner toys to hospitals. [...] LEGO employee Erik Ullerlund Staehr and Odense University Hospital in Denmark, first came up with the idea for the MRI scanner toy in 2015, and now it is being sent to children's hospitals all over the world.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cLego donates model MRI kits to hospitals to help children understand the procedure and reduce their anxiety.\u201d", "evidence": "A Lego employee and physicians at a Danish hospital first developed a Lego model of a magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, machine, in 2015 to help children understand the procedure and feel comfortable before their exams. After a successful pilot program, Lego said in 2022 that it would donate 600 model MRI scanners to hospitals worldwide.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cLego donates model MRI kits to hospitals to help children understand the procedure and reduce their anxiety.\u201d", "evidence": "Going to the doctor can be a scary experience filled with uncertainty and apprehension, especially for a young child. Now, imagine that same child is also expected to lie still in a foreign, constricted cylinder as it continuously generates loud sounds. Every child who needs an MRI scan experiences this. Their uneasiness with doctors only worsens. To try to prepare children for entering an MRI machine and to lower their overall anxiety, LEGO has built an MRI replica to be used in preprocedural explanations. This MRI scanner model, imagined by LEGO worker Erik Ullerlund Staehr, is expected to be distributed amongst hospitals around the world. The model consists of two parts: an MRI scanner, able to open and demonstrate how real MRIs look and function, and a separate room, showing where the scan results from the MRI are read by doctors (Leow et. al., 2022). [...] Leow, M. (2022, January 28). Lego donates MRI scanner kits to hospitals to comfort kids about the process. DesignTAXI.com. Retrieved January 29, 2022, from https://designtaxi.com/news/417537/LEGO-Donates-MRI-Scanner-Kits-To-Hospitals-To-Comfort-Kids-About-The-Process/", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The Electronic Registration Information Center is \u201ca system that\u2019s funded by George Soros.\u201d", "evidence": "Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC) [...] The Electronic Registration Information Center, or ERIC, is a multistate partnership that utilizes a sophisticated, secure data-matching tool to improve the accuracy and efficiency of state voter registration systems. ERIC is owned, managed, and funded by participating states and was formed in 2012 with assistance from The Pew Charitable Trusts. [...] ERIC uses advanced technology to compare information on eligible voters from official data submitted by member states, such as voter registration rolls and motor vehicle records, as well as U.S. Postal Service addresses and Social Security death records. States then receive reports from ERIC that identify voters whose records might no longer be up-to-date, because they have moved, changed their names, or died.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The Electronic Registration Information Center is \u201ca system that\u2019s funded by George Soros.\u201d", "evidence": "Formed in 2012, the Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC) grew to include 33 states and D.C. It identified 12.5 million people who moved to a different state from the ones in which they were registered to vote as well as almost 600,000 deceased voters still on the rolls. The database worked excellently, before fringe blogs started calling it part of a plot funded by George Soros to boost Democratic registration. ERIC, whose operating costs are paid entirely by member states, received some seed funding from Pew Charitable Trusts, which previously received support from a foundation backed by Mr. Soros, but he has never been directly involved. [...] Some GOP secretaries of state who pulled out of ERIC had publicly defended it quite recently. In February, Iowa\u2019s Paul Pate called it \"a godsend\" and Ohio\u2019s Frank LaRose described it as \"one of the best fraud-fighting tools that we have.\" Both announced on March 17 that their states would withdraw. American Oversight, a left-leaning activist group, filed Freedom of Information Act requests, and two lawsuits, to obtain thousands of pages of emails from states that pulled out. These documents reveal employees privately acknowledging ERIC\u2019s importance and the lack of adequate alternatives. One email showed Mr. Ashcroft\u2019s chief of staff dismissing a blog post about the Soros connection as \"horrible and misleading.\" Ohio\u2019s then-director of elections emailed ERIC\u2019s executive director when Ohio withdrew to say: \"I really worked as hard as I possibly could to avoid this.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "New York state \u201chospitals reporting thousands of fungus lung infections due to wearing a mask!!\u201d", "evidence": "You can\u2019t make this up: New York state hospitals reporting thousands of fungus lung infections due to wearing a mask. [...] For one, the fact-checking site PolitiFact spoke with health officials in New York who say hospitals did not report thousands of lung infections. [...] Dora Anne Mills, the chief health improvement officer for Maine Health and former CDC director, says regular wearing of masks or fabric facial coverings does not cause fungal infections.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "New York state \u201chospitals reporting thousands of fungus lung infections due to wearing a mask!!\u201d", "evidence": "Is It Time to Wear a Mask Again? [...] Wearing Masks Will Help Keep Economies Open: Johns Hopkins [Video] [...] There are two types of masks used in preventing infections: surgical masks and respirator masks. It\u2019s important to know the difference, and which situations they\u2019re useful in.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "New York state \u201chospitals reporting thousands of fungus lung infections due to wearing a mask!!\u201d", "evidence": "A Facebook user shared an image on Sept. 16 with the text, \"You can't make this up: NYS hospitals reporting thousands of fungus lung infections due to wearing a mask.\" [...] New York hospitals have not reported thousands of fungal lung infections from wearing masks, according to Dr. Bruce Farber, chief of public health and epidemiology at Northwell Health, the largest health care provider in New York. [...] Based on our research, we rate FALSE the claim New York hospitals reported thousands of fungal lung infections due to wearing masks. No such reports were made, according to health officials in New York. Wearing a mask does not cause fungal lung infection.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThis month alone, more than 16,000 non-citizens have been removed from the voter rolls in 3 states.\u201d", "evidence": "Sen. Rick Scott said 3 states removed thousands of noncitizens on voter rolls. Here\u2019s what we know [...] Three Republican-led states \u2014 Alabama, Texas and Virginia \u2014 have taken steps to remove or flag ineligible people on the voter rolls, since at least 2021. This included noncitizens, or potential noncitizens, according to state officials. [...] Here is what we know about the efforts to remove noncitizen voters in three states:", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThis month alone, more than 16,000 non-citizens have been removed from the voter rolls in 3 states.\u201d", "evidence": "Sen. Rick Scott said 3 states removed 16,000-plus noncitizens on voter rolls. What we know Three Republican-led states \u2014 Alabama, Texas and Virginia \u2014 say they've taken steps to remove or flag ineligible people on the voter rolls. [...] Here is what we know about the efforts to remove noncitizen voters in three states:", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThis month alone, more than 16,000 non-citizens have been removed from the voter rolls in 3 states.\u201d", "evidence": "Cases of noncitizens voting are statistically rare. Some noncitizens accidentally end up on voter rolls when applying for drivers\u2019 licenses. [...] Some states look at driver\u2019s license records to see whether any noncitizens also registered to vote. But driver\u2019s license records can be outdated and may not reflect if a noncitizen later became a naturalized citizen. That\u2019s part of why an effort in Texas to find noncitizen voters fell apart in 2019. [...] PolitiFact Florida, \"Noncitizen voter purge makes a comeback in Florida,\" Sept. 12, 2013", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz signed a bill \u201credefining \u2018sexual orientation\u2019 to include pedophiles.\u201d", "evidence": "The bill, called the \"Take Pride Act,\" updated the definition of \"sexual orientation\" and \"gender identity\" in the Minnesota Human Rights Act. It didn\u2019t include pedophiles in these definitions, nor did it give pedophiles legal protections. Legal experts told PolitiFact that laws prohibiting discrimination because of sexual orientation do not protect pedophiles, even if they do not include that specific disclaimer. In Minnesota, an adult who engages in sexual conduct with a minor can be charged with a first-degree felony, which is punishable by up to 30 years of imprisonment, a fine of up to $40,000 or both.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says he is the \u2018ranking member\u2019 of the House select committee investigating the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol.", "evidence": "The United States House Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol (commonly referred to as the January 6th Committee) was a select committee of the U.S. House of Representatives established to investigate the U.S. Capitol attack.[1] [...] - ^ Schiff, Adam (July 1, 2021). \"Schiff Statement on the Select Committee to Investigate January 6 Attack on the U.S. Capitol\". Archived from the original on September 28, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2022. [...] - ^ Thompson, Bennie (July 22, 2021). \"Thompson Announces Senior Staff for Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the U.S. Capitol\". Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol. Archived from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says he is the \u2018ranking member\u2019 of the House select committee investigating the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol.", "evidence": "H.Res.503 - Establishing the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol. 117th Congress (2021-2022) [...] There is hereby established the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol (hereinafter referred to as the \"Select Committee\"). [...] (1) To investigate and report upon the facts, circumstances, and causes relating to the January 6, 2021, domestic terrorist attack upon the United States Capitol Complex (hereafter referred to as the \"domestic terrorist attack on the Capitol\") and relating to the interference with the peaceful transfer of power, including facts and causes relating to the preparedness and response of the United States Capitol Police and other Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies in the National Capital Region and other instrumentalities of government, as well as the influencing factors that fomented such an attack on American representative democracy while engaged in a constitutional process.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says he is the \u2018ranking member\u2019 of the House select committee investigating the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol.", "evidence": "Rep. Jim Banks is not the ranking member of the House select committee investigating the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol. In fact, he isn\u2019t on the committee at all. [...] Banks claimed in the signature of at least one letter to a federal agency that he is the \"ranking member\" of the House select committee investigating the Jan. 6 attack. [...] House Select Committee to Investigate the Jan. 6 Attack on the U.S. Capitol, \"Membership,\" accessed Oct. 25, 2021", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Waiting periods for gun purchases may not make a difference, because \"If somebody's decided that they're gonna take their life, they're gonna take their life.\"", "evidence": "\"I don\u2019t know that that saves anything,\" Wanggaard said of the waiting period. \"If somebody\u2019s decided that they\u2019re going to take their life, they\u2019re going to take their life.\" [...] When asked whether Wisconsin should reinstate the 48-hour waiting period for handgun purchases, Wanggaard said no because he doesn\u2019t know \"that that saves anything,\" and \"if somebody\u2019s decided that they\u2019re going to take their life, they\u2019re going to take their life.\" [...] PolitiFact Wisconsin, \"No statistical evidence that a waiting period for handgun purchases reduces violence, lawmaker says,\" April 27, 2015", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Waiting periods for gun purchases may not make a difference, because \"If somebody's decided that they're gonna take their life, they're gonna take their life.\"", "evidence": "Yes, waiting periods on gun purchases have been linked to suicide reduction [...] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, \"Handgun waiting periods reduce gun deaths,\" Nov. 14, 2017 CNN, \"Handgun waiting period laws save lives, study says,\" Oct. 16, 2017", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Waiting periods for gun purchases may not make a difference, because \"If somebody's decided that they're gonna take their life, they're gonna take their life.\"", "evidence": "No statistical evidence that a waiting period for handgun purchases reduces violence, lawmaker says [...] And a 2012 study by one researcher from the University of Cincinnati and another from Arizona State University found no statistical effects from waiting periods on gun crimes. [...] Wanggaard said, \"There\u2019s no statistical evidence that\" a waiting period for handgun purchases \"reduces violence whatsoever.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Republicans are \u201ctrying to create a fake unemployment crisis.\u201d", "evidence": "We propose to put Americans back to work again by restoring real growth without inflation to the United States economy. Republican programs and initiatives detailed in this platform will create millions of additional new jobs in the American workplace. As a result of Mr. Carter's recession, more than eight million Americans are now out of work.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Gaza has \u201cthe highest number of people facing catastrophic hunger ever recorded by the Integrated Food Security Classification system \u2014 anywhere, anytime.\u201d", "evidence": "In the last five months, Israel\u2019s unparalleled attack and siege on Gaza have resulted in a dire humanitarian catastrophe, with over 75% of the population displaced and forcibly relocated to southern Gaza. Gaza\u2019s residents are experiencing the highest levels of hunger, with parents scavenging through garbage heaps to nourish their children, skipping meals, and even resorting to eating animal feed to stay alive. Every day, children, women, and men across Gaza are killed by Israeli military attacks, as well as by starvation, scarcity of clean water, inadequate access to medications and healthcare services, and the absence of basic hygiene conditions. The situation is particularly grave in the northern Gaza Strip, where 300,000 people are experiencing severe malnutrition \u2013 which has already resulted in the deaths of dozens, primarily children. According to UN and Integrated Food Security Classification (IPC) reports, over two million people in Gaza face crisis levels of food insecurity, with over a million suffering from \"catastrophic\" food insecurity \u2013 the most severe phase in the IPC index. Twenty-seven children have already reportedly died of malnutrition and dehydration. The toll is expected to increase, with numerous children facing enduring consequences on both their physical and mental development. Last week, UN Secretary-General Ant\u00f3nio Guterres described the disaster in Gaza as the worst hunger crisis ever recorded by the IPC\u2014\"anywhere, anytime.\" Since its establishment in 2004, the IPC has declared a famine only twice: once in Somalia in 2011 and then again in South Sudan in 2017.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Gaza has \u201cthe highest number of people facing catastrophic hunger ever recorded by the Integrated Food Security Classification system \u2014 anywhere, anytime.\u201d", "evidence": "A March report compiled by organizations that evaluate global food emergencies said 677,000 people in Gaza face \"catastrophic\" food insecurity, based on the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification system. We found no instances in which more people have been classified as experiencing \"catastrophic\" hunger or famine conditions in any one location since the 2004 creation of the tracking system. The classification system is not used in all countries and sometimes the data used to track food insecurity is unavailable or incomplete. Learn more about PolitiFact\u2019s fact-checking process and rating system.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Gaza has \u201cthe highest number of people facing catastrophic hunger ever recorded by the Integrated Food Security Classification system \u2014 anywhere, anytime.\u201d", "evidence": "The WFP warned in early December that the \"catastrophic hunger crisis\" in Gaza which \"already threatens to overwhelm the civilian population\" will only intensify. [...] The Integrated Food Security and Nutrition Phase Classification (IPC) has confirmed that the entire population of Gaza \u2013 about 2.2 million people \u2013 is facing high levels of acute food insecurity or worse, with one in four households facing catastrophic conditions. The IPC said it is the highest share of people facing high levels of acute food insecurity the initiative has ever classified for any given area or country.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Says a 2010 Rockefeller Foundation report shows the COVID-19 pandemic and the international response were \u201cmeticulously planned at least 10 years ago.\u201d", "evidence": "The report, which explored \"the role of technology and the future of globalization,\" presented four possible future scenarios of how the world might evolve, including one in which an influenza pandemic and lockdowns occurred. The scenarios were hypothetical. They weren\u2019t predictions or plans.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cAntifa is warning that tonight they're moving out of the cities - and into residential areas to 'take what's ours.'\u201d", "evidence": "Who Are Antifa, and Are They a Threat? [...] To add to the confusion, there was significant disinformation and a proliferation of fake accounts on social media platforms. For example, Twitter shut down several accounts that it said were operated by a white supremacist group called Identity Evropa, which was posing as Antifa. In one fake account with the Twitter handle @Antifa_US, Identity Evropa members allegedly called for violence in white suburban areas in the name of Black Lives Matters. \"Tonight\u2019s the night, Comrades,\" one tweet noted with a brown raised fist emoji. \"Tonight we say \u2018F--- The City\u2019 and we move into the residential areas... the white hoods.... and we take what's ours \u2026\" As Twitter explained, \"This account violated our platform manipulation and spam policy, specifically the creation of fake accounts. We took action after the account sent a Tweet inciting violence and broke the Twitter Rules.\" More broadly, extremists flooded social media with disinformation, conspiracy theories, and incitements to violence\u2014swamping Twitter, YouTube, Facebook, and other platforms.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Judge Jeff Davis \"spent years defending a convicted cop killer\" and \"tried to get him off the hook.\"", "evidence": "This declaration is made all the more absurd by the fact that there wasn\u2019t a war going on while Davis held the office and was being all fabulous. This is kind of like saying Jefferson Davis was the best fireman the country ever had, although he never went to a fire. [...] I completely agree here with the author on the Jefferson Davis writings\u2026. both at the beginning and the end of the works Foote tried to set Davis up as a figure from a Shakespearean tragedy. Nonsense!", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez \u201csays that all young people want to be socialists.\u201d", "evidence": "There\u2019s no evidence she said that.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez \u201csays that all young people want to be socialists.\u201d", "evidence": "I\u2019m not sure that AOC was ever strongly attached to the label or identity of \"socialist\" to begin with. According to Take Up Space, AOC only joined the Democratic Socialists of America in early 2018, \"around the same time she was seeking its endorsement.\" The book also notes that AOC said: [...] Young people today tend to reject capitalism in favor of socialism. But socialism can\u2019t just be a negative rejection of capitalism in rhetoric and a synonym for a kind of generic \"progressivism\" as limited by the Democratic Party. As AOC said in a 2020 interview with Ta-Nehisi Coates, \"We don\u2019t have a left party in the U.S. The Democratic Party is not a left party.\" Just as the Democratic Party is not a left party, the DSA is not a political party. We have to build an independent working-class party. The work of building this working-class movement includes supporting a third-party leftist candidate for president, such as Jill Stein, Claudia De la Cruz, Cornel West, or Joseph Kishore.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez \u201csays that all young people want to be socialists.\u201d", "evidence": "Frances Fox Piven, a political scientist and a former D.S.A. board member, told me that, while these terms are fuzzier than they once were, \"socialism,\" in the practical politics of the young, describes above all a disgust with widening inequality. \"When people say they are \u2018socialists,\u2019 they are reacting against unrestrained capitalism,\" she said. \"I don\u2019t know that it has much meaning beyond that. There are volumes written about the historical, theoretical work by socialists and their critics, but I don\u2019t think that that\u2019s what\u2019s moving these young people. They are moved by the idea of an economic system that is tempered, constrained, and restrained by democratic values. There were a lot of debates in the seventies and eighties between Maoists and theoretical socialists, some of whom were a little crazy. That has nothing to do with what\u2019s happening now.\" Michael Kazin, a co-editor of Dissent and a D.S.A. member, agreed: \"The radical left\u2019s major influence in American history is to push liberals, progressives, to the left. And that is going to be the impact. I don\u2019t believe we are going to have a socialist transformation of America in my lifetime.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The coronavirus has seen a \u201cbig surge in New Zealand. It's terrible. We don't want that.\"", "evidence": "Donald Trump has called out New Zealand for its recent Covid-19 outbreak, saying the places the world hailed as a success story is now facing a \"big surge\" in cases. [...] \"Big surge in New Zealand, you know it\u2019s terrible, we don\u2019t want that, but this is an invisible enemy that should never have been let to come to Europe and the rest of the world by China.\" [...] New Zealand\u2019s government has described the outbreak as contained and manageable, and has chosen not to place the country or even Auckland in full, level 4 lockdown. The outbreak is currently limited to a single cluster of related cases, which as of Tuesday numbered 69.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "The coronavirus has seen a \u201cbig surge in New Zealand. It's terrible. We don't want that.\"", "evidence": "\u2018We don\u2019t want that,\u2019 Trump says of New Zealand after country reported nine new COVID-19 cases [...] RNZ, \"Donald Trump refers to 'big surge' of Covid-19 in New Zealand,\" Aug. 18, 2020 [...] More by Bill McCarthy \u2018We don\u2019t want that,\u2019 Trump says of New Zealand after country reported nine new COVID-19 cases", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Bath and Body Works products are not recommended during pregnancy because they are suspected of \u201cdamaging fertility or the unborn child.\u201d", "evidence": "The claim: Document shows Bath & Body Works products are not recommended for use while pregnant [...] Did you know that Bath & Body works products are actually not recommended to use while pregnant? Straight from their safety data sheet it reads \"suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child\" and, \"may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.\" Imagine how harmful they are to our pre-teen and teenage daughters? NO WONDER we have so many women struggling with infertility, hormone disruptions, migraines, thyroid complications\u2026 I could go on and on!!! [...] We rate FALSE the claim that a document shows Bath & Body Works products shouldn't be used while pregnant. The document on which these viral claims are based only addresses an air freshener and is a warning for employees at chemical manufacturing facilities, not for consumers. The document does not warn of pregnancy risks for consumers who use Bath & Body Works products.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Bath and Body Works products are not recommended during pregnancy because they are suspected of \u201cdamaging fertility or the unborn child.\u201d", "evidence": "I had a gc for bath and body works and I just brought a ton of lotion. are they safe to use during pregnancy? I wasn't given a list of body or hair products not to use. [...] We live in such an alarmist culture about pregnancy it seems like nothing is safe. [...] Track your pregnancy on our free #1 pregnancy & baby app", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Bath and Body Works products are not recommended during pregnancy because they are suspected of \u201cdamaging fertility or the unborn child.\u201d", "evidence": "Taking a bath while pregnant can relieve stress and muscle tension, but it\u2019s important to keep an eye on the temperature. [...] - Not enjoying baths during pregnancy? Try a warm foot bath for another safe option for relaxation and stress relief. [...] - If you love your pregnancy baths, consider talking to your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of a water birth.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Members of the US Women\u2019s National Soccer team turned their backs on the flag as a 98-year-old World War II veteran played the anthem.", "evidence": "The players turned in order to face the U.S. flag during the anthem.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.\u201d", "evidence": "PWBM estimates that H.R. 5376, the Build Back Better Act, as written would increase spending by $2.1 trillion over the 10-year budget window and revenue by $1.8 trillion, for a 10-year deficit of $274 billion. [...] H.R. 5376, Build Back Better Act: Budget and Macroeconomic Effects On November 3, 2021, the House Rules Committee released legislative language for the Build Back Better Act. In this analysis, PWBM analyzes the macroeconomic effects of the legislation, building on our conventional estimate of the budgetary effects of the bill.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.\u201d", "evidence": "As currently written, the Build Back Better bill would add about $158 billion to deficits over 10 years. Major spending would go to child care and child tax credits, among other things. Republicans asked the Congressional Budget Office to estimate what would happen if temporary programs in the bill were extended through all 10 years. The bill being considered in the Senate sets time limits on those programs. It would be up to a future Congress to determine whether to change those limits.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.\u201d", "evidence": "\"The Build Back Better Act is fiscally responsible,\" Mr. Biden said in a statement. \"It reduces the deficit over the long-term. It's fully paid for by making sure that the wealthiest Americans and biggest corporations begin to pay their fair share in federal taxes. It keeps my commitment that no one earning less than $400,000 a year will pay a penny more in federal taxes. Leading economists and independent experts on Wall Street have confirmed that it will not add to inflationary pressures. Instead, it will boost the capacity of our economy and reduce costs for millions of families.\" [...] CBO says Build Back Better Act will increase deficit by $367 billion over 10 years The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office on Thursday released its much anticipated cost estimate of President Biden's signature social spending plan, Build Back Better. The analysis \u2014 commonly referred to as the CBO score \u2014 said passage of the legislation would increase the deficit by more than $367 billion over ten years. But the estimate does not include the revenue that could be generated from increasing IRS enforcement.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A person\u2019s immune system \u201ctanks\u201d after their second COVID-19 vaccine dose.", "evidence": "Multiple medical experts said the blood test results featured in the video to support this claim didn\u2019t come close to showing an immune system that has crashed. This wasn\u2019t observed in the COVID-19 vaccine trials where blood counts were obtained, experts said.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A person\u2019s immune system \u201ctanks\u201d after their second COVID-19 vaccine dose.", "evidence": "The second dose of a COVID-19 vaccine induces a powerful boost to a part of the immune system that provides broad antiviral protection, according to a study led by investigators at the Stanford University School of Medicine. [...] \"The second shot has powerful beneficial effects that far exceed those of the first shot,\" Pulendran said. \"It stimulated a manifold increase in antibody levels, a terrific T-cell response that was absent after the first shot alone, and a strikingly enhanced innate immune response.\" Unexpectedly, Pulendran said, the vaccine \u2014 particularly the second dose \u2014 caused the massive mobilization of a newly discovered group of first-responder cells that are normally scarce and quiescent.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cMyanmar used Dominion Voting Systems.\u201d", "evidence": "Dominion Voting Systems technology has never been used in Myanmar, according to the company. Voters in Myanmar used paper ballots. We found no evidence to support this claim.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Senate Republicans' move to confirm Judge Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court in an election year is \"not constitutional.\"", "evidence": "President Donald Trump nominates Amy Coney Barrett to U.S. Supreme Court President Donald Trump named U.S. appeals court Judge Amy Coney Barrett to the U.S. Supreme Court on Saturday, picking from a list of candidates that included U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas. [...] Her nomination will kick off what\u2019s expected to be one of the most contentious confirmation battles in recent memory. Republicans say they intend to seat Barrett this year, even though the vacancy on the court opened up less than two months before Election Day. Democrats are determined to fight the nomination, noting that Republicans refused to confirm former President Barack Obama\u2019s nominee for the Supreme Court in 2016 when a seat came open 269 days from Election Day.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Senate Republicans' move to confirm Judge Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court in an election year is \"not constitutional.\"", "evidence": "There\u2019s no clause in the Constitution that would prevent President Donald Trump from making a Supreme Court nomination close to Election Day or block Senate Republicans from moving to confirm that nominee, legal experts said. Senate Republicans are moving to fill the Supreme Court vacancy after blocking the nomination President Barack Obama made during the last presidential election year. Some experts said the move seems at odds with some democratic principles underlying the Constitution, such as the idea that there should be consent of the governed.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Amber Alerts are issued for white kids \"but not Black kids in Milwaukee.\"", "evidence": "\"So Amber Alert works for kids in Baraboo but not Black kids in Milwaukee,\" one Facebook post stated July 6. The text was accompanied by a \"thinking\" emoji. [...] A widely shared Facebook post said Amber Alerts are issued for white kids, \"but not Black kids in Milwaukee.\" It grew out of concerns in the Black community that missing children are not taken serious enough in Milwaukee. But the data actually shows a disproportionate high number of alerts \u2014 based on population \u2014 have been issued precisely for Black children in Milwaukee.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Amber Alerts are issued for white kids \"but not Black kids in Milwaukee.\"", "evidence": "AMBER Alerts have helped bring home nearly 1,000 children since their inception in 1996. In 2018, 155 cases of the 161 issued alerts resulted in recovery. [...] Why are AMBER Alerts not issued for all missing children? [...] But just because an alert isn\u2019t issued for a child doesn\u2019t mean authorities aren\u2019t using other tools to investigate, Crosby told the news station.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\"Ron Johnson has voted against funding for law enforcement and recently opposed a plan to recruit and train new officers \"", "evidence": "\"Ron Johnson has voted against funding for law enforcement and recently opposed a plan to recruit and train new officers,\" the Barnes campaign said in a Sept. 2 news release. [...] So, did Johnson vote \"against funding for law enforcement\" and recently oppose \"a plan to recruit and train new officers?\" [...] Barnes campaign, news release, \"FACT: Sen. Ron Johnson Has Voted Against Funding and Resources for Law Enforcement\" Sept. 2, 2022", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cCaitlin Clark declines $1 million offer from ABC to appear on \u2018The View.\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "This claim originated on a self-described satire site.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cIndividuals released from incarceration are 129 times more likely to die of a drug overdose during the first two weeks after release.\u201d", "evidence": "WASHINGTON, D.C. \u2013 Today, U.S. Senators Tammy Baldwin (D-WI) and Mike Braun (R-IN) introduced bipartisan legislation that expands access to health care, including mental health services and substance use disorder treatment, for Medicaid-eligible individuals 30 days before their release from jail or prison. The Reentry Act, which was endorsed by the New York Times editorial board, follows alarming evidence that shows individuals reentering society from incarceration are 129 times likelier than the general population to die of a drug overdose during the first two weeks after release. [...] \"In their first two weeks after release from incarceration, ex-convicts are 129 times more likely than the general public to die from a drug overdose. The Reentry Act seeks to tackle the epidemics of opioid overdoses and recidivism after release from prison by resuming benefits for Medicaid-eligible individuals 30 days before they are released to avoid a gap in coverage,\" said Senator Mike Braun.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe know mask mandates work. There\u2019s enough evidence out there between counties that have done it and counties that haven\u2019t.\"", "evidence": "There is now strong evidence that wearing masks reduces COVID-19 transmission. While many factors can affect the spread of the virus, preliminary findings show that states and counties with mask mandates are seeing lower transmission than those that have only recommended mask wearing. However, these mandates have incited controversy, and government officials have struggled to determine whether and how to enforce them. [...] \"Compliance ambassadors\" and education campaigns - States and localities that have resisted mask mandates often state that they prefer \"education.\" However, if education is to be effective, it will require actual investment and action. Charlotte\u2019s enforcement plan uses both enforcement actions and education for businesses, with the latter conducted mostly through environmental health inspectors and part-time ambassadors. Las Vegas has also mobilized 100 \"compliance ambassadors.\" In both cities ambassadors can report violations in businesses, but they do not undertake any enforcement actions themselves. In terms of individual mandates, in DeKalb County, Ga., first-time offenders receive a warning, while second-time offenders can attend a COVID-19 education class instead of receiving a fine. Many states and localities have also implemented public awareness campaigns surrounding masking. While health departments may have limited funds and capacity for evaluation of these campaigns, we encourage data-driven approaches wherever possible. Localities that are able to partner with researchers or private firms can share their results broadly to help inform campaigns throughout the country.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe know mask mandates work. There\u2019s enough evidence out there between counties that have done it and counties that haven\u2019t.\"", "evidence": "\"At the end of the day we know mask mandates work,\" the Oshkosh Democrat said in a Feb. 5, 2021 interview on the Wisconsin Public Television program Here & Now. [...] The study noted that 13 counties with mask mandates and seven counties without mandates also had other mitigation strategies in place, such as limiting the size of gatherings and how many could eat in restaurants. Still, researchers concluded that \"strategies related to mask use mandates appear to be important.\" [...] In a TV interview, Hintz said, \"At the end of the day we know mask mandates work.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The American Medical Association rescinded a previous statement and now says \"hydroxychloroquine is okay\" for COVID-19.", "evidence": "Rush Limbaugh stated on January 20, 2021 in a radio show segment: Says Joe Biden and Democrats \"have not legitimately won\" the presidency. Rush Limbaugh stated on December 15, 2020 in a radio show segment: The American Medical Association rescinded a previous statement and now says \"hydroxychloroquine is okay\" for COVID-19. Rush Limbaugh stated on August 21, 2020 in a radio segment: Says Joe Biden\u2019s Democratic National Convention speech \"had to be taped in segments, and the segments had to be edited together.\" Rush Limbaugh stated on February 24, 2020 in an episode of his radio show: \"The coronavirus is the common cold, folks.\" Rush Limbaugh stated on October 25, 2019 in a statement on his radio show: Says House Democrats\u2019 impeachment inquiry of President Donald Trump \"doesn\u2019t feature the opposition party, it doesn\u2019t feature cross-examination.\" Rush Limbaugh stated on July 12, 2019 in a \"Fox & Friends\" appearance: \"Somebody in the Obama regime decided to get rid of\" the citizenship question in the census. Rush Limbaugh stated on February 17, 2019 in in an interview: \"Climate change is nothing but a bunch of computer models that attempt to tell us what's going to happen in 50 years or 30. [...] Rush Limbaugh stated on December 15, 2020 in a radio show segment: The American Medical Association rescinded a previous statement and now says \"hydroxychloroquine is okay\" for COVID-19.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The American Medical Association rescinded a previous statement and now says \"hydroxychloroquine is okay\" for COVID-19.", "evidence": "June 15, 2020 Update: Based on ongoing analysis and emerging scientific data, FDA has revoked the emergency use authorization (EUA) to use hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine to treat COVID-19 in certain hospitalized patients when a clinical trial is unavailable or participation is not feasible. We made this determination based on recent results from a large, randomized clinical trial in hospitalized patients that found these medicines showed no benefit for decreasing the likelihood of death or speeding recovery. This outcome was consistent with other new data, including those showing the suggested dosing for these medicines are unlikely to kill or inhibit the virus that causes COVID-19. As a result, we determined that the legal criteria for the EUA are no longer met. Please refer to the Revocation of the EUA Letter and FAQs on the Revocation of the EUA for Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate and Chloroquine Phosphate for more information. [...] Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have not been shown to be safe and effective for treating or preventing COVID-19. They are being studied in clinical trials for COVID-19, and we authorized their temporary use during the COVID-19 pandemic for treatment of the virus in hospitalized patients when clinical trials are not available, or participation is not feasible, through an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). The medicines being used under the hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine EUA are supplied from the Strategic National Stockpile, the national repository of critical medical supplies to be used during public health emergencies. This safety communication reminds physicians and the public of risk information set out in the hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine healthcare provider fact sheets that were required by the EUA.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe Wisconsin voter roll has over 120,000 active voters who have been registered to vote for over 100 years.\u201d", "evidence": "One hundred years is a long time. But is that how long names of some Wisconsin residents have been on the state's voter rolls? PolitiFact Wisconsin puts that claim to the truth o meter. [...] Now, a widely circulated Facebook meme suggests Wisconsin's voters rolls were padded with tens of thousands of voters who registered to vote a century ago. \"The claim, the Wisconsin Voter roll has over 120,000 active voters who have been registered to vote for over 100 years, said Greg Borowski with the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. \"Now that would make them, well really, really, really old.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe Wisconsin voter roll has over 120,000 active voters who have been registered to vote for over 100 years.\u201d", "evidence": "One of two things happened in Wisconsin in 2020. One option is that tens of thousands of voter registrations for people born more than a century ago escaped the notice of the state, registrations that were then used to cast illegal ballots in a widespread but undetected scheme to throw the election \u2014 until amateur sleuths, digging into the data, discovered all of these suspicious voter registrations and unveiled the whole plot. [...] On Thursday evening, Donald Trump\u2019s \"Save America\" political action committee shared a news item aimed at reinforcing Trump\u2019s endlessly sprawling and completely diaphanous claims of rampant fraud in the 2020 election. In case you missed it, the message blared a \"HUGE\" news story: \"Wisconsin Election Hearing Reveals 119,283 \u2018Active Voters\u2019 Who Have Been Registered For Over 100 Years!\" [...] In Wisconsin, there are 119,283 \"active voters\" who have been registered for over 100 years!", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe Wisconsin voter roll has over 120,000 active voters who have been registered to vote for over 100 years.\u201d", "evidence": "What is Wisconsin's actual registered voter count? According to Wisconsin Elections Commission, there are 3,684,726 active registered voters as of Nov. 1. This figure, as well as denial that the state has more ballots than registered voters, was affirmed by the commission on its official Twitter account. [...] We rate this claim FALSE because it is not supported by our research. The number for registered Wisconsin voters stated by the Facebook image is incorrect and instead is confirmed to be at over 3.6 million as of Nov. 1, according to the Wisconsin Elections Commission. The commission has denied there being more ballots than registered voters. The total votes counted in the state has topped 3.2 million.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Says of Gov. Tony Evers and 2020 violence in Kenosha after the police shooting of Jacob Blake: \u201cIt took the loss of lives before help finally came.\u201d", "evidence": "Evers has \u2018no regrets\u2019 about response to Kenosha shooting MADISON, Wis. (AP) - Gov. Tony Evers says he has \"no regrets\" about how the state responded to protests that broke out in Kenosha following the police shooting of Jacob Blake. [...] The Evers appearance came as the Marquette University Law School released its first poll since the Aug. 23 police shooting of Blake.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Says of Gov. Tony Evers and 2020 violence in Kenosha after the police shooting of Jacob Blake: \u201cIt took the loss of lives before help finally came.\u201d", "evidence": "Most notable is this claim: \"It took the loss of lives before help finally came.\" [...] In an ad, Empower Wisconsin said of Evers and Kenosha violence: \"It took the loss of lives before help finally came.\" [...] Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, After calls for unity and healing, tension still simmers in Kenosha after police shooting of Jacob Blake, Aug. 28, 2020", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cPutin has stated: Russian citizens (have) 2 options: Stay home for 15 days or in jail for 5 years.\u201d", "evidence": "Russian President Vladimir Putin has implemented some policies to cancel large gatherings and keep people at home during the coronavirus pandemic. But we could not find any evidence that he has threatened jail time for people who don\u2019t comply. The claim about a Putin policy to jail those who don\u2019t stay at home appears to come from a post by the Twitter account of an Indian comedian, who later labeled his assertion a \"joke.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cMike Tyson says he\u2019s willing to box Olympic DUDE with all proceeds to go to a battered women\u2019s charity.\u201d", "evidence": "Mike Tyson says he's willing to box Olympic Troon [...] Tyson isn\u2019t the same person - people can change. Dude was raised like an animal. He is a human now. [...] I dont hate mike. Id even hang out with him. I'm never going to attempt to prop him up as a frickin spokesperson for battered women though.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cFree health allowance is available at no cost.\u201d", "evidence": "A. Free Personal Care has been available in Scotland for adults aged 65 or over since 2002. The Scottish Government has legislated to ensure that by 1 April 2019 adults of any age, no matter their condition, capital or income, who are assessed by their local authority as needing this service, are entitled to receive this without charge. Free Nursing Care is similar and has been available to all who are assessed as requiring nursing care services, regardless of age, without charge. [...] However, Free Personal and Nursing Care payments will only begin when an assessment has been carried out and a contract is in place with the care home. It is not possible to have Free Personal and Nursing Care payments backdated to a point before the contract is in place. [...] A. All local authorities have criteria which recognise urgency and risk as factors in determining eligibility for services, such as personal care. Those at the higher risks (critical or substantial), will be more likely to receive Free Personal and Nursing Care services or to receive them sooner, than those who are assessed as moderate or low risk.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cFree health allowance is available at no cost.\u201d", "evidence": "Uninsured Or Unemployed? You Might Be Missing Out On Free Health Insurance [...] There is Medicaid, which is the state-federal public plan for low-income people. And, on HealthCare.gov and the state marketplaces there are free \"bronze plans\" \u2014 the lowest tier of plans \u2014 that might be available with zero-dollar premiums depending on your income. Both of those have been options for years. [...] \"There are millions of people who are passing up free health insurance,\" says Cynthia Cox, director of the Program on the ACA at the nonprofit Kaiser Family Foundation, who authored a recent brief on the topic. \"That free health insurance \u2014 most of the time \u2014 actually comes with very low deductibles, too. So a lot of times, people could have all \u2014 or the vast majority \u2014 of their health care costs paid for.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cFree health allowance is available at no cost.\u201d", "evidence": "The claim: Biden\u2019s executive order gives free health insurance [...] \"Your 2023 Relief Package Is Here!,\" reads the caption of the post. \"President Biden signed Executive Order 14009 making Health Insurance FREE for qualifying Americans. Thanks to the Affordable Cart (sic) Act, American\u2019s (sic) with less than $50k/year income now qualify to get Health Plans for as low as $0/month.\" [...] The order requires heads of agencies to examine policies or practices that \"may present unnecessary barriers to individuals and families\" attempting to access either Medicaid or Affordable Care Act coverage. The order makes no reference to free health insurance coverage.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cOne quarter\u201d of today\u2019s $31.4 trillion federal debt \u201cwas accumulated in the four years of my predecessor,\u201d Donald Trump.", "evidence": "The national debt has risen by almost $7.8 trillion during Trump\u2019s time in office. That\u2019s nearly twice as much as what Americans owe on student loans, car loans, credit cards and every other type of debt other than mortgages, combined, according to data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. It amounts to about $23,500 in new federal debt for every person in the country. [...] Nine days later, he tweeted, \"Because of Tariffs we will be able to start paying down large amounts of the $21 trillion in debt that has been accumulated, much by the Obama Administration.\" [...] Weeks later, COVID-19 erupted and made the financial situation far worse. As of Dec. 31, 2020, the national debt had jumped to $27.75 trillion, up 39% from $19.95 trillion when Trump was sworn in. The government ended its 2020 fiscal year with the portion of the national debt owed to investors, the metric favored by the CBO, at around 100% of GDP. The CBO had predicted less than a year earlier that it would take until 2030 to reach that approximate level of debt. Including the trillions owed to various governmental trust funds, the total debt is now about 130% of GDP.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe\u2019ve had more Americans die of fentanyl than the Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam Wars, combined.\u201d", "evidence": "About 65,300 soldiers died in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan combined. About 127,000 Americans died from drug overdoses involving a synthetic opioid other than methadone in 2020 and 2021, federal data shows. These deaths are primarily because of fentanyl. War deaths are often used as a way to illustrate the scale of a public health crisis. U.S. health officials typically track opioid deaths alongside deaths from other public health causes like heart disease or cancer.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe\u2019ve had more Americans die of fentanyl than the Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam Wars, combined.\u201d", "evidence": "\"We do have fentanyl that's dangerous, we have xylazine that's poison,\" Vincent told NPR. \"We've had an entire community swept away. I can't even think of all the people I know who have died. My daughter died. Our mentors are dead. It is so dangerous right now.\" Public health experts say fentanyl, a synthetic opioid far more powerful than heroin, is responsible for the majority of drug deaths. But the supply of illegal drugs is increasingly complex and perilous. [...] \"We've had more Americans die of fentanyl than the Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam wars, combined,\" said Nikki Haley, the former South Carolina governor who is now seeking the GOP presidential nomination, speaking to voters in New Hampshire on Dec. 14.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cPelosi\u2019s $1.9 trillion bailout gives EVERY federal employee a $21,000 bonus check\u2026 they never lost their job!\u201d", "evidence": "The $1.9 trillion COVID-19 relief package gives federal employees access to a new bank of paid leave, which will allow them to recover from COVID-19 and care fo... [...] Congress on Wednesday passed a sweeping $1.9 trillion COVID-19 relief package, known as the American Rescue Plan, which will provide federal employees with a few new benefits. [...] The American Rescue Plan includes a few provisions that are notable for federal employees. At the top of the list is more paid leave for the vast majority of employees.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cPelosi\u2019s $1.9 trillion bailout gives EVERY federal employee a $21,000 bonus check\u2026 they never lost their job!\u201d", "evidence": "No, COVID-19 relief law doesn\u2019t give federal workers a $21,000 bonus [...] There is no bonus check. This appears to be a distortion of a limited-term provision in the package that provides additional paid family leave to some federal employees, covering leave that would otherwise be unpaid. [...] A Facebook post claims that the new COVID-19 relief package provides every federal employee with a $21,000 bonus check.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cPelosi\u2019s $1.9 trillion bailout gives EVERY federal employee a $21,000 bonus check\u2026 they never lost their job!\u201d", "evidence": "The U.S. House version of the \"American Rescue Plan Act of 2021\" \u2013 a $1.9 trillion emergency aid package to help America recover from the coronavirus pandemic has an extra perk for federal workers: Enhanced paid time off if your child is enrolled in a school that isn\u2019t back to full-time, in-classroom instruction. Critics call it a personal bailout for bureaucrats. It is funded through a new $570 million family leave account exclusively for federal workers. [...] Buried on page 305 of the House bill released late last Friday night (included after the bailout details for states and localities), is a new Treasury Department fund called the \"Emergency Federal Employee Leave Fund.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\"Tim Walz signed into law driver's licenses for illegal immigrants in Minnesota.\"", "evidence": "Yes, Tim Walz signed a law letting immigrants illegally in Minnesota get driver\u2019s licenses [...] \"Tim Walz signed into law driver\u2019s licenses for illegal immigrants in Minnesota, he wanted health care for illegal immigrants in Minnesota, this guy is incredibly left-wing,\" Donalds said. [...] On March 7, 2023, as Minnesota governor, Walz signed H.F. 4, a bill that expanded access to driver\u2019s licenses to people in the state, regardless of their immigration status. State House and Senate Democrats broadly supported the measure, and only one House Republican supported it.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"Tim Walz signed into law driver's licenses for illegal immigrants in Minnesota.\"", "evidence": "Gov. Walz signs bill granting driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants in Minnesota [...] Gov. Tim Walz signed a bill into law at the Minnesota National Guard Armory in St. Paul on Tuesday that will allow unauthorized immigrants to obtain driver's licenses. [...] Minnesota joins 18 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico where residents can access driver's licenses regardless of immigration status. In Minnesota licenses can be used for driving and identification purposes. The new law will allow previously unlicensed drivers to become insured, and studies have shown licenses improve road safety.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"Tim Walz signed into law driver's licenses for illegal immigrants in Minnesota.\"", "evidence": "\u2018S\u00ed se pudo\u2019: Walz signs immigrant driver\u2019s license bill into law [...] Gov. Tim Walz on Tuesday signed a bill allowing people in the state to obtain a driver\u2019s license or ID card regardless of their immigration status. [...] Dozens of immigrants and supporters of the policy change flanked the governor during a bill signing ceremony at the Minnesota National Guard Armory. Several teared up when Walz signed the measure into law and they chanted \"S\u00ed se pudo,\" which means yes we could.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Bernie Sanders has \u201cnever taken corporate lobbyist money in his *entire political career.*\"", "evidence": "Bernie Sanders has taken corporate lobbyist money \u2014 in small amounts [...] \"One major reason I support Bernie is his consistency when things are hard. Not only does Bernie reject corporate money in 2020, he\u2019s also never taken corporate lobbyist money in his *entire political career*,\" Ocasio-Cortez tweeted, using asterisks for emphasis. \"He is a real one. And in politics, that is nearly impossible to find.\" Sanders never once took corporate lobbyist money? That\u2019s not the case.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Bernie Sanders has \u201cnever taken corporate lobbyist money in his *entire political career.*\"", "evidence": "Sanders is well known for eschewing campaign contributions from big-business interests. But there have been instances where lobbyists representing corporations or industry groups have donated to his presidential and Senate campaigns.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cStarbucks just announced that they\u2019re going cashless.\u201d", "evidence": "Starbucks is testing out cashless checkout in stores nationwide, according to several news reports. As of Tuesday, for example, one downtown Seattle store accepts only cards or mobile payments, according to a report from KIRO-7. [...] Just last month, former Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz, told CNBC that Starbucks would soon be a cashless retailer. \"That time is nearer than you think,\" he said, but also added that people would continue to brew and pour coffee. \"I don't see a day where artificial intelligence or robotics is going to replace the humanity of Starbucks,\" he said. [...] The cashless store is positioned as a convenience play, but cash-free payments, especially through a retailer's mobile app, could siphon up a lot of customer data. Starbucks is looking for feedback on its new effort, and the privacy concerns expressed to the Seattle news channel aren't likely relegated to just one store.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cStarbucks just announced that they\u2019re going cashless.\u201d", "evidence": "We have expanded service beyond drive-thru to include mobile ordering for contactless pick-up, delivery and, in some locations, curbside pickup and grab-and-go through the caf\u00e9. [...] The third place experience created by Starbucks partners in our stores is extended and enhanced by the digital relationships we have with our customers. Our Starbucks App will enable new features, including optimizing for curbside pick-up, entryway handoff, improved drive-thru experiences, voice ordering through Siri and the ability for everyone to earn stars that can be redeemed for rewards. We will also shift toward more cashless experiences, knowing that the handling of cash creates consumer concerns about the spread of viruses. We predict the mobile app will become the dominant form of payment. [...] Starbucks is well-positioned for this transformation. Pre-COVID-19, more than 80 percent of customer orders in the U.S. were for \"on the go\" \u2014 through the drive-thru, in a caf\u00e9 at point-of-sale or through Mobile Order for pickup or delivery. That means the majority of Starbucks customers are already familiar with the safe, convenient experiences that are now called for by physical distancing recommendations.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cTim Ryan when he ran for president two years ago \u2026 supported banning fracking both on public lands and generally speaking.\u201d", "evidence": "Ryan, as a 2020 presidential candidate, spoke about regulating fracking and even halting it if the industry cannot keep local residents safe. He said he\u2019d \"absolutely\" consider banning fracking on federal lands and voted to stop the processing of fracking applications for drilling sites off California\u2019s coast. However, Ryan\u2019s full record of statements and policies show his focus has been on leveraging natural gas as a transitional fuel and a source of revenue and jobs for Ohio, while reducing environmental risks.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cBernie Sanders wants free health care for all and was asked how he would pay for it. His answer was raise taxes to 52% on anybody making over $29,000 per year.\u201d", "evidence": "Originally introduced by Sen. Bernie Sanders, the Medicare for All Act of 2019 (S.1129) would provide universal health insurance to U.S. residents and displace almost all private insurers. Benefits under Medicare for All would be very generous. This program would cover a much broader range of services than current Medicare, including dental, vision, hearing, and home and community-based long-term care. And under Medicare for All, participants would have no copayments or premiums. [...] Sanders\u2019 bill, as written, contains no plan to pay for the costs of Medicare for All, and so\u2014following long-standing conventions \u2014 we score it as increasing deficits. Despite the potential cost savings described above, we project that Sanders\u2019 bill would increase the federal debt by 92 percent in 2060. This increase swamps the economic boost from a healthier, larger population, and creates a drag on long-run economic growth. [...] Although it\u2019s missing from his bill, Sanders has stated his intention to pay for Medicare for All through higher taxes. Recognizing this, we analyzed two alternative financing options: increasing the payroll tax rate and a new, flat insurance premium on all workers (subsidized for lower-income workers). Under the payroll tax financing option, the economy is 15 percent smaller in 2060. Under the premium financing option, the economy is slightly larger in 2060, by about 0.2 percent.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cIn 2021, Minnesotans were roughly five times more likely to move to Florida than vice versa\u201d because they were \u201cfleeing\u201d the state under Democratic Gov. Tim Walz.\"", "evidence": "Robert Cowles stated on July 12, 2024 in Radio address \"The most recent State Budget increased funding for the Department of Tourism by 98 percent.\" Jesse Watters stated on August 6, 2024 in a segment on \"Jesse Watters Primetime\" Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz \"forced schools to stock tampons in boys\u2019 bathrooms.\" Ron DeSantis stated on August 6, 2024 in an X post \"In 2021, Minnesotans were roughly five times more likely to move to Florida than vice versa\" because they were \"fleeing\" the state under Democratic Gov. Tim Walz. Tony Evers stated on June 11, 2024 in X, formerly Twitter Wisconsin had a \"record-breaking year\" for tourism in 2023. Van Wanggaard stated on April 15, 2024 in X, formerly Twitter Says Gov. Tony Evers is asking the GOP to release money for PFAS, but \"vetoed (a bill outlining) how to spend the money.\" Tom Tiffany stated on April 30, 2024 in X, formerly Twitter \"The science is clear \u2014 the gray wolf has met and exceeded recovery goals.\" Tyler August stated on May 3, 2024 in Newsletter \"Nearly 90% of all UW graduates stay in Wisconsin 5 years after they graduate.\" [...] Ron DeSantis stated on August 6, 2024 in an X post \"In 2021, Minnesotans were roughly five times more likely to move to Florida than vice versa\" because they were \"fleeing\" the state under Democratic Gov. Tim Walz.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cIn 2021, Minnesotans were roughly five times more likely to move to Florida than vice versa\u201d because they were \u201cfleeing\u201d the state under Democratic Gov. Tim Walz.\"", "evidence": "Yes, more Minnesotans move to Florida than the reverse. The trend predates Tim Walz\u2019s governorship. [...] \"In 2021, Minnesotans were roughly five times more likely to move to Florida than vice versa,\" Florida\u2019s Republican governor, Ron DeSantis, posted Aug. 6 on X. \"They were fleeing a state that, under Gov. Tim Walz, turned its back on law and order, increased taxes, and imposed unscientific coronavirus restrictions, harming children and destroying businesses.\" [...] DeSantis said Minnesotans were \"five times more likely\" to move to Florida than vice versa in 2021, and blamed Walz\u2019s policies.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Melania Trump is the \u201cfirst FLOTUS to visit troops in a combat zone since 1969.\u201d", "evidence": "CLAIM: \"Melania is first FLOTUS to visit a combat zone since 1969\" - statement circulating on social media with photo of President Donald Trump and Melania visiting troops in Iraq on Dec. 26. THE FACTS: At least three first ladies have visited combat zones, as defined by federal regulations, since 1969. According to reporting by The Associated Press, Michelle Obama visited troops at al-Udeid air base in Qatar, in 2015, while first lady. The Arabian Peninsula, including Qatar, was designated as a combat zone in January 1991. Laura Bush visited Afghanistan, which was designated a combat zone in 2001, twice as first lady in 2005 and 2008. Michelle Gullion, archives director and curator for the National First Ladies\u2019 Library, told the AP that former first lady Pat Nixon went to a combat zone in 1969. She accompanied then-President Richard Nixon on a visit to South Vietnam. Gullion said the first first lady to visit a combat zone was Eleanor Roosevelt, during World War II. Barbara Bush visited troops in Saudi Arabia in 1990, but the area was not officially designated as a combat zone. Hillary Clinton visited Bosnia in 1996, when it was considered a \"hostile area.\" [...] Find all AP Fact Checks here: https://www.apnews.com/tag/APFactCheck", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cJoe Biden\u2019s margin of the less than 21,000 votes in Wisconsin was the tightest of any state in 2020.\u201d", "evidence": "Wisconsin: Trump won here in 2016 by fewer than 23,000 votes. Biden, though, won it by 20,500 votes (pending a recount). So every vote counted. Biden turned out more Milwaukee County voters and won by a 20,000 more votes than Clinton did in 2016. But Biden's biggest vote gain came from Dane County, home to Madison and the University of Wisconsin. He won there by 35,000 more votes than Clinton did in 2016. Biden also chipped away in some more rural and suburban areas, even Waukesha, the heavily Republican county. Biden cut into Trump's margin there by 7,500 votes.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Chief Justice John Roberts visited Jeffrey Epstein's private island.", "evidence": "(Dershowitz says he and the prince ended up not getting along because they disagreed about Israel.) Dershowitz visited Epstein\u2019s mansions in New York and Palm Beach and occasionally accompanied him on his private plane. He says these trips were family oriented. Once, Epstein lent him the Palm Beach home so he could attend a granddaughter\u2019s soccer tournament. Another time, he and his nephew flew down to watch a space launch with another Epstein connection, a top NASA official. He and his wife, Carolyn Cohen, once stayed with Epstein on his island in the Caribbean, where they were joined by another Harvard professor and his family. [...] In 2006, the world\u2019s most famous brain visited Little St. James, Epstein\u2019s private island, which came to be known as \"Pedophile Island.\" Hawking, who was in the Caribbean for a conference, was photographed at a barbecue on the island and aboard a submarine for a tour. According to the Telegraph, \"Epstein is said to have paid for the submarine to be modified for Professor Hawking, who had never been underwater before.\" Read More: Everything We Know About Jeffrey Epstein\u2019s Private \u2018Pedophile Island\u2019", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cCongress has one job here: to count electoral votes that have in fact been cast by any state.\u201d", "evidence": "Congress\u2019s task is simply to count electoral votes Jan. 6 [...] \"Congress has one job here: to count electoral votes that have in fact been cast by any state, as designated by those authorized to do so under state law,\" U.S. Rep. Mike Gallagher, R-Green Bay, said in a Jan. 3, 2020, statement signed by several other members of the House. \"To take action otherwise \u2014 that is, to unconstitutionally insert Congress into the center of the presidential election process \u2014 would amount to stealing power from the people and the states.\" [...] \"There is no authority for Congress to make value judgments in the abstract regarding any state\u2019s election laws or the manner in which they have been implemented,\" the statement from Gallagher and the others said. \"The text of the Constitution is clear. States select electors. Congress does not. Accordingly, our path forward is also clear. We must respect the states\u2019 authority here. Though doing so may frustrate our immediate political objectives, we have sworn an oath to promote the Constitution above our policy goals. We must count the electoral votes submitted by the states.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cCongress has one job here: to count electoral votes that have in fact been cast by any state.\u201d", "evidence": "The Twelfth Amendment details how Congress is to oversee the counting of electoral votes. But the power to appoint electors is given to the states. Congress or the vice president don\u2019t have the power to substitute their preference or judgment.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Eric Schmitt \u201csponsored a bill to spend $480 million of your tax dollars\u201d on cargo hub for airlines \"owned by China's Communist Party\u201d and \"voted to let China buy up Missouri farmland.\"", "evidence": "Senator Eric Schmitt has deep family roots in Missouri, stemming from six generations of farmers, teachers, and small business owners in cities like Tipton, Pilot Grove, Louisiana, and St. Louis. During World War II, his grandfather served in the 7th Army and later opened a small butcher shop, where Eric\u2019s father worked while earning a diploma through night school. Their experiences instilled in Eric the importance of hard work and resilience. [...] In November 2022, Eric Schmitt was elected as Missouri\u2019s United States Senator and he has the privilege today of serving on the Armed Services, Commerce, and Joint Economic Committees. As a member of these committees, he is focused on dismantling the alliance between the federal government and big tech, halting China\u2019s bid for global dominance, fighting to ease the economic burden and pain inflicted on Missourians and Americans by the Biden Administration\u2019s reckless spending, and ensuring our military is the most revered fighting force in the world. [...] Eric also served as the 46th State Treasurer of Missouri. He fought to safeguard taxpayer funds and created a statewide tool to allow citizens to track government spending easily. Previously, he served as a Missouri state senator, where he authored tax cuts, advocated for those with special needs, and fought to end taxation by citation.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says NBC News\u2019 Kristen Welker \u201cgave thousands of dollars to Obama, Clinton and Biden, is registered as a Democrat & her family spent Christmas with the Obamas at the White House.\u201d", "evidence": "NBC News correspondent Kristen Welker, the moderator for the third presidential debate, has not donated money to Democrats, according to contribution data. Welker is currently registered to vote in Washington, D.C., with no party affiliation, according to the District of Columbia Board of Elections. A photo of Welker with Barack and Michelle Obama is from a 2012 White House reception for the press.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says NBC News\u2019 Kristen Welker \u201cgave thousands of dollars to Obama, Clinton and Biden, is registered as a Democrat & her family spent Christmas with the Obamas at the White House.\u201d", "evidence": "Welker has not donated thousands of dollars to Democratic candidates, registered as a Democrat or \"spent Christmas\" at the White House with President Barack Obama, despite what an Oct. 17 Facebook post claims. \"Kristen Welker, of NBC, the next debate moderator chosen by the \u2018unbiased\u2019 presidential commission, gave thousands of dollars to Obama, Clinton and Biden, is registered as a Democrat (and) her family spent Christmas with the Obamas at the White House,\" the post, featuring photos of Welker and her family, says. \"Her mother is an activist for Biden!\" [...] The Facebook post\u2019s claim that Welker and her family \"spent Christmas with the Obamas at the White House\" is also inaccurate, as scores of journalists and pundits pointed out on Twitter.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says NBC News\u2019 Kristen Welker \u201cgave thousands of dollars to Obama, Clinton and Biden, is registered as a Democrat & her family spent Christmas with the Obamas at the White House.\u201d", "evidence": "On Saturday, [Trump] ripped Welker while quote-tweeting his son, Donald Trump Jr., who linked to a New York Post article claiming that the White House correspondent has \"deep Democratic ties.\" The Post reported that Welker\u2019s parents have donated tens of thousands of dollars to Democratic candidates and close to $20,000 to former President Barack Obama alone. Although Welker\u2019s party registration is not currently listed, the Post reported that she was a registered Democrat in Washington, D.C., in 2012 and in Rhode Island in 2004. The Post also pointed to Welker and her parents celebrating Christmas at the White House with the Obamas in 2012. [...] A spokesperson for Welker told TPM on Monday that Welker is not a registered Democrat and has been a \"registered independent in D.C. since 2012, almost a decade.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Says his Jan. 6, 2021, speech on the White House Ellipse drew the \u201csame number of people,\u201d as the 1963 March on Washington where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his \u201cI Have a Dream\u201d speech.", "evidence": "The House select committee that investigated the events of Jan. 6, 2021, estimated 53,000 people attended President Donald Trump\u2019s speech at the White House Ellipse. [...] Describing his speech to supporters on Jan. 6, 2021, Trump said he spoke to the \"same number of people, if not, we had more\" than King\u2019s 1963 \"I Have a Dream\" speech. The crowd-size comparison is wrong. Credible estimates say many more people attended the 1963 March on Washington during King\u2019s speech than attended Trump\u2019s Ellipse speech.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Says his Jan. 6, 2021, speech on the White House Ellipse drew the \u201csame number of people,\u201d as the 1963 March on Washington where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his \u201cI Have a Dream\u201d speech.", "evidence": "Earlier today, former President Donald Trump once again claimed he bore no responsibility for the violence at the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021. \"I said peacefully and patriotically,\" Trump told reporters. That has been a persistent theme of his for years. The former president was repeating part of a short sentence culled from his lengthy speech at the White House Ellipse on Jan. 6, 2021. By focusing on that brief phrase, Trump is trying to deceive both the courts and the public. He wants people to focus on a short passage in which he told his supporters to march \"peacefully and patriotically\" to the Capitol, while ignoring all the inflammatory rhetoric he employed during the same speech. [...] As we explain in detail below, Trump\u2019s defense should fail in both those tribunals. We expect prosecutors will explain to the jurors why the sentence in the Ellipse speech is, in actuality, more incriminating than exculpatory when understood in context. Indeed, evidence uncovered by the January 6th Select Committee shows that Trump deliberately and repeatedly implored his followers to \"fight\" \u2013 and was reticent to use the word \"peaceful\" at all. Recent revelations of evidence gathered by Special Counsel Jack Smith will also help prove the case. [...] The key sentence in the Jan. 6 Ellipse speech, according to Trump and his attorneys, is this one:", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says his Jan. 6, 2021, speech on the White House Ellipse drew the \u201csame number of people,\u201d as the 1963 March on Washington where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his \u201cI Have a Dream\u201d speech.", "evidence": "The House select committee that investigated the events of Jan. 6, 2021, estimated 53,000 people attended President Donald Trump\u2019s speech at the White House Ellipse. The National Archives says 250,000 people attended Martin Luther King's Jr.\u2019s \"I Have a Dream\" speech on Aug. 28, 1963, during the March on Washington.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Antifa was already inside the Capitol with floor plans dressed as Trump supporters\" on Jan. 6, 2021, proving the attack \u201cwas 100% a setup.\"", "evidence": "No, video of rioters discussing Capitol \u2018floor plan\u2019 doesn\u2019t prove Jan. 6 was antifa setup [...] The Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol was not a \"setup\" by antifa activists who were \"already inside the Capitol with floor plans dressed as Trump supporters.\" The viral Facebook post making that claim revived a debunked conspiracy theory. [...] More than a year and a half later, those claims continue to spread online \u2014 despite having been thoroughly debunked. \"Antifa was already inside the Capitol with floor plans dressed as Trump supporters,\" said the text over a viral Facebook post shared July 15. \"This was 100% a setup.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Antifa was already inside the Capitol with floor plans dressed as Trump supporters\" on Jan. 6, 2021, proving the attack \u201cwas 100% a setup.\"", "evidence": "The claim: A video shows antifa inside the Capitol building with floor plans and dressed as Trump supporters on Jan. 6, proving the attack was a setup [...] Based on our research, we rate FALSE the claim that a video shows antifa inside the Capitol building with floor plans and dressed as Trump supporters on Jan. 6, proving the attack was a setup. Experts said antifa was not involved in the Jan. 6 attack, and all evidence indicates that a pro-Trump mob was responsible for breaking into the Capitol building. Some of the rioters in the video are well-known Trump supporters. In addition, the footage does not prove that the attack was a setup. It shows events that occurred when the attack was underway.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Marjorie Taylor Greene said, \u201cJesus loves the U.S. most and that is why the Bible is written in English.\u201d", "evidence": "A version of this quote has been misattributed to more than one female elected official.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "During the 2020 Minnesota riots after George Floyd\u2019s murder, Gov. Tim Walz didn\u2019t call in the National Guard, \u201cso, I sent in the National Guard to save Minneapolis.\u201d", "evidence": "By \u2014 Tim Sullivan, Associated Press Tim Sullivan, Associated Press By \u2014 Amy Forliti, Associated Press Amy Forliti, Associated Press Leave a comment 0comments Share Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/watch-live-minnesota-gov-tim-walz-holds-presser-amid-protests-over-george-floyd-death Email Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Share on Facebook Share on Twitter WATCH: Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz acknowledges \u2018abject failure\u2019 in protest response Nation May 29, 2020 10:05 AM EDT MINNEAPOLIS (AP) \u2014 With smoke drifting over Minneapolis, Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz on Friday acknowledged the \"abject failure\" of the response to this week\u2019s violent protests and called for swift justice for police involved in the death of George Floyd, a handcuffed black man who pleaded for air as a white officer knelt on his neck. Watch the press conference in the video player above Walz said the state would take over the response and that it\u2019s time to show respect and dignity to those who are suffering. \"Minneapolis and St. Paul are on fire. The fire is still smoldering in our streets. The ashes are symbolic of decades and generations of pain, of anguish unheard,\" Walz said, adding. \"Now generations of pain is manifesting itself in front of the world \u2014 and the world is watching.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "During the 2020 Minnesota riots after George Floyd\u2019s murder, Gov. Tim Walz didn\u2019t call in the National Guard, \u201cso, I sent in the National Guard to save Minneapolis.\u201d", "evidence": "Local events are sometimes referred to as the \"Minneapolis riots\"[20][21] or the \"Minneapolis uprising\".[22][23][24] Protests that first emerged in Minneapolis on May 26, 2020, were initially peaceful.[19][25] A several-day period of civil unrest, particularly three nights of heavy rioting from May 27, 2020, to the overnight hours of May 29, 2020, however, resulted in an estimated $500 million of damages to 1,500 property locations,[4][26] 604 arrests,[3] 164 instances of arson,[6] and 2 riot-related deaths.[27] Minnesota Governor Tim Walz deployed the state's National Guard to quell civil disorder and protests over Floyd's murder returned to being mostly peaceful events after May 30, 2020.[28][29] The state government's command that responded to the initial unrest after Floyd's murder demobilized on June 7, 2020, as protests and intermittent civil disorder over racial injustice persisted throughout 2020 and 2021.[11][30][31] [...] - ^ \"Gov. Tim Walz Activates National Guard In Response To George Floyd Protests\". WCCO. May 28, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2021. [...] - ^ Phillips, Tom Vanden Brook and Kristine. \"Minnesota National Guard plans to deploy as many as 10,000 soldiers to Minneapolis protests over George Floyd\". USA Today. Retrieved November 28, 2020.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cInfection rates in Allegany, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties have consistently been among the lowest in the state.\u201d", "evidence": "A look at the data from the end of March to mid-May confirms that the per capita infection rate in Allegany, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties was typically in the bottom one-third of counties in the state. By contrast, the other two counties in western New York, Erie and Niagara, were consistently in the top half of counties for infections per capita.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cAnything that you lose on the tariff from the perspective of the consumer, you gain in higher wages, so you're ultimately much better off.\u201d", "evidence": "If Your Time is short - Surveys have shown that the vast majority of economists believe tariffs\u2019 negative impacts \u2014 which include higher costs for consumers \u2014 consistently outweigh the benefits. Academic and think tank studies bolster those views. [...] Most economists disagree with this idea. Our previous review of academic studies of real-world tariffs concluded that consumers ultimately shoulder most of the burden in higher prices for goods, and the burden outweighs tariffs\u2019 economic benefits. [...] The majority of economists believe the negative impacts from tariffs, including higher costs, consistently outweigh the benefits for consumers. Academic and think tank studies on tariffs\u2019 effects bolster the economists\u2019 views.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "President Joe Biden walked \u201conto an empty airplane for no reason.\u201d", "evidence": "President Joe Biden boarded a plane that brought three former American prisoners to Maryland to talk to the flight crew, according to the White House and multiple journalists. Video footage shows the plane wasn\u2019t empty.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The United Nations sent out an email instructing staff not to use the words \u201cinvasion\u201d or \u201cwar\u2019\u201d when referring to Ukraine.", "evidence": "The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security. [...] Plans for the application of armed force shall be made by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee. [...] If preventive or enforcement measures against any state are taken by the Security Council, any other state, whether a Member of the United Nations or not, which finds itself confronted with special economic problems arising from the carrying out of those measures shall have the right to consult the Security Council with regard to a solution of those problems.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says Gov. Tony Evers \"wanted to increase your taxes by $1 billion just for heating your homes Instead, Republicans cut your taxes by more than $2 billion.\"", "evidence": "Democratic Gov. Tony Evers did seek to raise a net $1 billion in taxes in his most recent budget proposal, which Republicans rejected. GOP lawmakers crafted their own budget that delivered more than $2 billion in tax cuts, and Evers signed it. This came after budget estimates came in showing policymakers had an extra $4.4 billion to work with. Macco misses the mark in his comment about the higher taxes going toward heating homes. Evers did aim to increase the amount of revenue utilities would contribute to a program focused on energy efficiencies, but that\u2019s certainly not $1 billion worth.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cSince the week ending March 14, Wisconsin actually saw a drop in tourism spending compared to last year of $1.7 billion.\u201d", "evidence": "The authorities have reprioritized spending through a revised budget, which is currently in parliament. In the meantime, they have taken measures to support the private sector, including loan guarantees and tax obligations facilities as follows: loan guarantees of up to 50 percent for large companies in all sectors (CVE 1 billion, about \u20ac9 million); up to 80 percent for companies in the tourism and transport sectors (CVE 1 billion); up to 100 percent for small-and medium-sized enterprises in all sectors (CVE 300 million, \u20ac2.7 million) and for micro-enterprises in all sectors (CVE 700 million CVE, about \u20ac6.7 million). Other measures include faster settlement of invoices and VAT refunds, extension of the tax payment period, payment in installments for VAT and other withholding taxes, cancellation of contributions to the Pension Fund for three months, and funding of an emergency plan with CVE 76 million through the reallocation of budgetary appropriations, to cover additional expenses for personnel, training and medical equipment.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cMichael Jordan rejects $400 million Disney offer, stating, \u2018I do not collaborate with companies aligned with woke ideologies.\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "Michael Jordan Declines Disney\u2019s $400 Million Offer Citing \"I Don\u2019t Work With Woke Companies\". In a surprising turn of events that resonates far beyond the basketball court, Michael Jordan, an icon synonymous with excellence in basketball and a global sports figure, has made a stand that transcends the boundaries of athletics. Michael Jordan rejected Disney offer $400 million project offer from Disney, with a reason as simple yet impactful as his game-winning shots: \"I don\u2019t work with woke companies.\" This decision has reignited discussions on the role of celebrities and sports figures in social and political matters. As the world reacts to Jordan\u2019s audacious move, it prompts contemplation on the future direction of corporate America and the involvement of prominent individuals in social and political issues. [...] In conclusion, Michael Jordan\u2019s rejection of Disney\u2019s $400 million offer is more than just a business decision; it\u2019s a statement about his personal beliefs and a commentary on the current state of corporate and social affairs. Jordan continues to be a figure of immense influence, shaping discussions and swaying perspectives, proving that his legacy is a slam dunk that extends far beyond the basketball court.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cMichael Jordan rejects $400 million Disney offer, stating, \u2018I do not collaborate with companies aligned with woke ideologies.\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "This claim originated on a self-described satire site.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe White House Gift Shop is putting out a commemorative coin for Donald Trump's indictment.\u201d", "evidence": "While Donald Trump\u2019s indictment is unprecedented, it is not the first time a U.S. president has faced legal challenges, though none have faced criminal charges as Trump does. Throughout American history, several presidents have encountered legal issues, either while in office or after leaving it, creating a patchwork of legal precedents that highlight the complex relationship between the presidency and the law. [...] Recently, a reporter asked me to discuss the word \"epic\" in the context of The White House coin collection, notably coins related to the indictments of 45th President Donald J. Trump. As a person who enjoys writing, more than talking, I wrote my response to the reporter: [...] Epilogue Coin #1: \"The First Indictment of President Donald J. Trump\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cHarvard is sitting on top of a $54 billion hedge fund they call an \u2018endowment\u2019 that they pay zero taxes on. Yale has $31 Billion. Stanford $29 Billion. Princeton $26 Billion.\u201d", "evidence": "College and university endowments are donation-supported investments that serve as sources of long-term funding. Harvard\u2019s endowment was at $53.2 billion in 2021. Yale\u2019s was $42.3 billion, Stanford\u2019s was $37.8 billion and Princeton\u2019s was $37.7 billion. Kirk\u2019s numbers appear to reflect 2020 endowment values. Private institutions with very large endowments, such as Harvard University, pay a 1.4% excise tax on net endowment investment income.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The United States spent \u201c2 trillion dollars to train and equip the Afghan military over the past 20 years. They fell in a week.\u201d", "evidence": "Together, with our NATO Allies and partners, we have trained and equipped over three hu- \u2014 nearly 300,000 current serving members of the military \u2014 of the Afghan National Security Force, and many beyond that who are no longer serving. Add to that, hundreds of thousands more Afghan National Defense and Security Forces trained over the last two decades. [...] After 20 years \u2014 a trillion dollars spent training and equipping hundreds of thousands of Afghan National Security and Defense Forces, 2,448 Americans killed, 20,722 more wounded, and untold thousands coming home with unseen trauma to their mental health \u2014 I will not send another generation of Americans to war in Afghanistan with no reasonable expectation of achieving a different outcome. [...] And I said, \"You know, the United States came here to make sure that we got this terrorist, Osama bin Laden, and that terrorists didn\u2019t amass again to \u2014 to go after our country. And then we\u2019re going to have to leave.\" And a young woman said, \"You can\u2019t leave. You can\u2019t leave.\" It was \u2014 it was heartbreaking. \"You can\u2019t leave,\" she said. \"I want to be a doctor. I want to be a doctor. I want to be a doctor. If you leave, I\u2019ll never be able to be a doctor.\" Well, that\u2019s why we spent so much time and money training the Afghan Security Forces to do the work of defending that. If every work \u2014", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\"(Ron) DeSantis' bill would remove: background checks, instruction, training and oversight.\"", "evidence": "HB 543 would not eliminate the requirements to get a concealed weapon license in Florida. Those requirements include passing a background check and completing a firearms training class. The bill, however, makes having a license optional, not mandatory. HB 543 will allow people to carry a concealed firearm in public even if they haven\u2019t passed a background check or satisfied all of the license requirements.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cHomicides are intraracial. When you look at white-on-white crime, it's 84%. Right? Homicides. White people kill white people.\u201d", "evidence": "We can discuss why blacks commit more crime percentage wise than white Americans. That is a fact. That will help discover what the solution to this is. But inner cities where most black on black crime happens, is run by Democrats who will not address the problem. They won\u2019t fix what they don\u2019t acknowledge. Crap education and no school choice. Resulting in no jobs or poor paying jobs. Gang and crime proliferates. [...] A huge majority of homicides are intra-racial, with 93% of Black victims killed by Black people and 84% of white victims killed by white people. It\u2019s a problem across the skin colour spectrum. But you do not hear the terms \"white on white crime\" or \"white on white violence\"? Why do you think that is?", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201c24 of every 100 kids in school today speak Spanish.\u201d", "evidence": "Roughly 3.8 million students in U.S. schools are native Spanish-speakers who are not proficient in English. They make up the bulk of the approximately 5 million students nationwide identified as English language learners, the fastest-growing demographic in schools \u2013 and the lowest-performing, as judged by achievement tests and graduation rates. [...] From 2000 to 2015, the percentage of Latino students enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools swelled from 16% to 26%. The percentage of white students fell from 61% to 49%, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. [...] At Oyster-Adams Bilingual School in Washington, for example, just 24% of students are English learners, according to school data.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe have 85 million Americans who have no health insurance.\u201d", "evidence": "In 2018, 58 percent of uninsured adults had incomes below 200 percent of the federal poverty level ($24,120 for an individual and $49,200 for a family of four). Across age groups, young adults ages 19 to 34 made up the largest share of the uninsured. More than one-third of the uninsured were Latino even though Latinos make up 18 percent of the working-age adult population (Table 1). We examined the remaining uninsured by income status to determine whether they might be eligible for subsidized coverage. The ACA provides subsidized insurance through two sources: Medicaid for adults who earn less than 138 percent of poverty ($16,643 for an individual or $33,948 for a family of four) in states that expanded Medicaid, and subsidized plans in the ACA marketplaces for those who earn up to 400 percent of poverty ($48,240 for an individual and $98,400 for a family of four). [...] Nearly half (47%) of uninsured adults in 2018 had incomes that may make them eligible for either expanded Medicaid or subsidized marketplace plans. The remainder of uninsured adults would not qualify for either: 11 percent earn below 100 percent of poverty and live in a state that did not expand Medicaid;5 8 percent have incomes at or above 400 percent of poverty and are ineligible for the tax credits; and 25 percent were foreign-born Latinos and may be ineligible for Medicaid or subsidized plans because of their immigration status.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe have 85 million Americans who have no health insurance.\u201d", "evidence": "New York City, November 12, 2003\u2014Nearly two of five (38%) Americans under age 65, and more than two-thirds (68%) of those with low incomes, had no health insurance at some point during 1996-1999, according to a new analysis for The Commonwealth Fund of a survey that tracks coverage over time. The number of people with a time uninsured during these four years\u201485 million\u2014is more than double the number who were uninsured at any one point in time or any one year during 1996 to 1999. The longer view provided by the four-year time period reveals that unstable insurance put millions more at risk than the numbers estimated from annual \"snapshots\" by year. These higher rates are due to millions of people cycling on and off coverage, or \"churning.\" [...] \"These high rates uninsured indicate that far greater numbers of Americans are at risk of going without needed health care, having difficulties paying medical bills, and experiencing financial stress than we see in any annual survey,\" said Cathy Schoen, vice president at The Commonwealth Fund. \"Insurance churning disrupts and undermines efforts to provide timely medical care and likely raises public and private health insurance costs due to frequent cycling on and off coverage.\" [...] Churning on and off coverage was a frequent problem. One third of all those with a time uninsured\u201428 million people\u2014had multiple spells without insurance as they gained and lost coverage over time. Nearly two of five (38%) of those living on low incomes had more than one time when they were uninsured.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe have 85 million Americans who have no health insurance.\u201d", "evidence": "\"We have 85 million Americans who have no health insurance,\" Sanders said Dec. 11 on CNN\u2019s \"State of the Union.\" [...] Casca referred us to a 2022 survey by the Commonwealth Fund, a private foundation that is a respected source of health care research. The survey found that 43% of working-age adults 19 to 64, or about 85 million Americans, were uninsured or inadequately insured. Specifically: [...] Sanders\u2019 spokesperson referred us to data from the Commonwealth Fund that found about 85 million Americans ages 19 to 64 were uninsured or inadequately insured (meaning they had a gap in coverage over the past year or coverage that didn\u2019t provide affordable access to health care).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cViolent crime was up under Donald Trump.\u201d", "evidence": "After dropping the first three years of Donald Trump\u2019s presidency, violent crime rose in 2020, his final year in office. The increase was big enough to erase those collective decreases. The violent crime rate in Trump\u2019s final year in office was still slightly lower than it was during the final year of his predecessor, President Barack Obama. Experts said it\u2019s wrong to pin the blame for rising violent crime solely on Trump. The spike was caused by a confluence of the coronavirus pandemic and societal upheaval after George Floyd\u2019s 2020 murder.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cViolent crime was up under Donald Trump.\u201d", "evidence": "But what about Walz\u2019s assertion that \"violent crime was up under Donald Trump,\" which Walz repeated in an Aug. 7 speech in Eau Claire, Wis.? The newly minted vice presidential candidate has a point, but it needs some asterisks. [...] But in 2020, the violent crime rate spiked to 385.2 per 100,000 people \u2014 higher than any previous year under Trump. [...] Walz said, \"Violent crime was up under Donald Trump.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Children ages 5 to 9 \u201care not affected by\u201d the coronavirus.", "evidence": "Most children who get COVID-19 have mild or no symptoms; severe illness is rare. More than 3.6 million children in the U.S. have tested positive, and at least 297 have died. Children can spread the virus to others, even if they don\u2019t have symptoms, which is a key reason for mask requirements in schools.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "In Pompano Beach, Florida, Somali immigrants illegally in the U.S. were in line to get driver\u2019s licenses and \u201call you need to vote is a driver's license.\u201d", "evidence": "\"BREAKING! 100s of illegal migrants in line to get drivers licenses???\" read a screengrab of an X post that overlaid the video on Instagram. \"Isn\u2019t that all you need to be able to vote? 1955 N Federal Hwy, Pompano Beach, FL.\" [...] Florida doesn\u2019t issue driver\u2019s licenses to immigrants in the U.S. illegally, unlike some states. And people must be U.S. citizens to vote in federal elections. A small number of Democratic-led cities let certain noncitizens vote in municipal elections, but cities in Florida are not among them. Nothing in the video proved that the people in line were Somalis or immigrants illegally in the U.S. [...] A video shared on social media claimed to show Somali immigrants in line to get driver\u2019s licenses in Pompano Beach and said, \"All you need to vote is a driver\u2019s license.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "In Pompano Beach, Florida, Somali immigrants illegally in the U.S. were in line to get driver\u2019s licenses and \u201call you need to vote is a driver's license.\u201d", "evidence": "Florida does not allow immigrants in the U.S. illegally to obtain driver\u2019s licenses. Only U.S. citizens can vote in federal elections. The Florida Department of Motor Vehicles office pictured in this video was the subject of a news report about long wait times.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "In Pompano Beach, Florida, Somali immigrants illegally in the U.S. were in line to get driver\u2019s licenses and \u201call you need to vote is a driver's license.\u201d", "evidence": "The post continues: \"HAVV allows voters to register with a Social Security Number (4 digits). Illegals are not able to get licenses there. But they can get Social Security cards (for work authorization permits).\" HAVV is the SSA\u2019s Help America Vote Verification system. [...] Individuals in most states register to vote with either their driver\u2019s license number, state ID number or the last four digits of their social security number. States use the first two options to verify the individual\u2019s identity with their department of motor vehicles. This accounts for \"the vast majority\" of voters, according to Becker. A voter\u2019s identity can be verified using the third option through the SSA\u2019s HAVV system. [...] Federal law bans noncitizens from voting in federal elections, including races for president, vice president, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The 1996 law states that noncitizens who vote illegally will face a fine, imprisonment or both. Noncitizens who cast a ballot and get caught may also face deportation.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "China \u201chad the largest naval fleet in the world. They had 370 ships. They'll have 400 ships in two years. We won't even have 350 ships in two decades.\"", "evidence": "There is speculation that China might have surpassed the U.S. in having the largest navy in the world and now has more battleships in operation. This came after a 2015 report from the US Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) predicted that China\u2019s navy would have over 360 ships by 2020, surpassing the U.S.\u2019s 297 ships. According to an ONI report from December 2020, China does now have the largest navy in the world in terms of ships in its fleet, as the report stated that the People\u2019s Republic of China is \"Already commanding the world\u2019s largest naval force.\" In addition to its aggressive growth, the nation is also modernizing its ships: \"the PRC is building modern surface combatants, submarines, aircraft carriers, fighter jets, amphibious assault ships, ballistic nuclear missile submarines, large coast guard cutters, and polar icebreakers at alarming speed.\" [...] China\u2019s capacity to build the world\u2019s largest navy is greatly helped by the country also being the world\u2019s largest commercial shipbuilder, in 2018 holding over 40% of the global market, as pointed out by the China Power Project. The statistics themselves are shocking, with China building more ships in 2019 in peacetime than the U.S. did during four years of war between 1941 and 1945, according to CNN.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "China \u201chad the largest naval fleet in the world. They had 370 ships. They'll have 400 ships in two years. We won't even have 350 ships in two decades.\"", "evidence": "And then you look at the fact we\u2019ve had more Americans die of fentanyl than the Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam Wars combined. 75,000 Americans last year alone. There are Chinese police stations throughout our country. There\u2019s a Chinese spy base that\u2019s going off our shores in Cuba, and China\u2019s now building up their military at a scary pace. They have 500 nuclear warheads. That\u2019s a hundred more than they had last year. We won\u2019t even have 350 ships in two decades. They\u2019re doing artificial intelligence, they\u2019re doing space, they\u2019re doing cyber. They\u2019ve developed hypersonic missiles. We\u2019ve barely gotten started. And now China\u2019s the lead developer on neuro-strike weapons, weapons engineered to change the brain activity of military commanders and segments of the population. That\u2019s who we\u2019re dealing with. So when Biden tells you that China\u2019s a competitor, I\u2019ve dealt with China every single day at the United Nations. They never saw us as a competitor. They always saw us as an enemy. We\u2019ve got to start looking at them the way they look at us.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"The Postal Service is not losing money because of Amazon. It\u2019s losing money because in 2006, the Republican-led Congress passed a law forcing it to prepay its pensions for 75 years, which no other corporation does ... Without this law, the Postal Service would be turning a profit.\u201d", "evidence": "There\u2019s also some confusion over whether the Postal Service was forced to prepay benefits \"for 75 years,\" as the Facebook post said. The language of the law doesn\u2019t mention 75 years, and Partenheimer said the Postal Service has not used that timeframe to describe the requirement. [...] A Facebook post said: \"The Postal Service is not losing money because of Amazon. The Postal Service isn\u2019t losing money from its deal with Amazon. But the 2006 law requiring the pre-funding of health benefits for future retirees \u2014 not pensions \u2014 has put a financial strain on the Postal Service and hurt its ability to turn a profit in some recent years.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\"We put $330 million in general school aids \u2014 the largest in more than a decade.\"", "evidence": "The 2019-2021 budget allocated an additional $329,942,000 \u2014 a 3.5% increase \u2014 for general school aid. That\u2019s the biggest increase in spending for that pot of money since the 2005-2007 budget.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cElon Musk backs Caitlin Clark, offers $10 million endorsement.\u201d", "evidence": "This claim originated on a self-described satire site.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cElon Musk backs Caitlin Clark, offers $10 million endorsement.\u201d", "evidence": "Elon Musk Backs Caitlin Clark, Offers $10 Million Endorsement: \"I Support You, Caitlin Clark\" [...] The $10 million endorsement from Musk is a game-changer for Caitlin Clark. Financially, it provides her with substantial resources to invest in her career, support her family, and engage in philanthropic activities. Beyond the financial benefits, the endorsement significantly raises her profile, linking her name with one of the most influential figures in the world. [...] Elon Musk\u2019s $10 million endorsement of Caitlin Clark is a landmark moment in the world of sports endorsements. It highlights the growing influence of tech entrepreneurs in the sports industry and underscores the importance of supporting and recognizing talent across different fields. For Caitlin Clark, the endorsement is a testament to her hard work, talent, and potential, providing her with the resources and visibility to further her career and make a positive impact on and off the court.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cElon Musk backs Caitlin Clark, offers $10 million endorsement.\u201d", "evidence": "Claims Elon Musk endorsed Caitlin Clark originated on satire site [...] \"Elon Musk backs Caitlin Clark, offers $10 million endorsement: \u2018I support you, Caitlin Clark,\u2019\" a recent Facebook post said. [...] We found no evidence, such as credible news stories or public statements, that Musk has pledged money to Clark.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says President Donald \u201cTrump promised 13,000 new jobs to the people of #Wisconsin. 3 years later, we\u2019re still waiting\u2026\u201d", "evidence": "For nearly three years, President Trump has touted a plan to build a huge high-tech manufacturing plant in Wisconsin. But the much-hyped effort hasn't gone quite as planned. Two and a half years ago, President Trump boasted of a plan to build a huge high-tech manufacturing plant in Wisconsin. It was for Taiwan-based electronics giant Foxconn. They originally promised up to 13,000 new jobs, but it has not gone as planned. Here's Chuck Quirmbach of member station WUWM in Milwaukee. [...] KIM MAHONEY: They're not creating the jobs that they promised. And Racine has lost tons of manufacturing jobs over the last 30 years, and that's what the draw was, was to bring those manufacturing jobs back to southeastern Wisconsin. And that's not happening, it doesn't appear.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Says President Donald \u201cTrump promised 13,000 new jobs to the people of #Wisconsin. 3 years later, we\u2019re still waiting\u2026\u201d", "evidence": "Foxconn doesn\u2019t keep its promises. Foxconn has a history of leaving others at the altar when they don\u2019t deliver high enough on the dowry. In 2013, Pennsylvania offered $30 million to create 500 jobs there. There was fanfare not unlike the breathlessness of Scott Walker this week here. But the Pennsylvania plant never happened. And Foxconn will disappoint you wherever you are in the world. They\u2019ve come up short in Vietnam and Brazil too. It\u2019s entirely possible that Foxconn will use the Wisconsin deal as the baseline for the extortion of other states that dare to go higher. Two hundred and thirty thousand per job. The $3 billion in taxpayer handouts to Foxconn would come out to $230,000 per job even if they keep their promise and create a total of 13,000 jobs here over 15 years. That\u2019s an average subsidy of $15,000 to $19,000 per job per year. That makes Wisconsin a world class sucker because the average nationally for similar projects is all of $2,500 per job. There\u2019s desperate and then there\u2019s pathetic. Have we no self-respect at all? Guess not.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Speaking of an HIV outbreak in Indiana during his time as governor, says \u201cwe immediately deployed health resources.\u201d", "evidence": "An HIV \"epidemic\" fueled by needle-sharing opiate addicts has infected at least 72 people in one southern Indiana county as Gov. Mike Pence plans to declare a public health emergency in that community on Thursday. The outbreak's swift acceleration in Scott County \u2014 beginning with seven known HIV-positive patients in late January \u2014 has prompted state officials to ask the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to deploy investigators to test residents and to help control further spread of the virus, Pence said. [...] Related: Report: Prescription drug abuse linked to HIV outbreak in Indiana", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWhen I came into office, Iran had $70 billion in foreign exchange reserves. \u2026 By the time I left, they had nothing. They were broke.\u201d", "evidence": "Trump\u2019s numbers are off \u2014 Iran\u2019s reserves were larger than he states and did not drop to zero \u2014 but he\u2019s on point about the plummeting trend line. Iran\u2019s foreign currency reserves fell from $128 billion in 2015 to $15 billion in 2019, which represents an even more dramatic decline in absolute dollars than Trump said. This decline is widely believed to be a consequence of the tightened U.S. sanctions under Trump and it has not reversed to any significant degree since.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cWhen I came into office, Iran had $70 billion in foreign exchange reserves. \u2026 By the time I left, they had nothing. They were broke.\u201d", "evidence": "Chris Christie stated on December 13, 2023 in a town hall in Londonderry, New Hampshire: Under the Trump administration's trade deal, \"China's only fulfilled one-third of the promises of agricultural products that they were supposed to buy from our farmers.\" Nikki Haley stated on November 28, 2023 in an event in Derry, N.H.: China \"had the largest naval fleet in the world. They had 370 ships. They'll have 400 ships in two years. We won't even have 350 ships in two decades.\" Ron DeSantis stated on October 24, 2023 in a town hall in New Hampshire: \"The Republicans and Trump funded $400 million in March of 2020 for mail ballots.\" Donald Trump stated on October 23, 2023 in remarks at a rally in Derry, N.H.: \"When I came into office, Iran had $70 billion in foreign exchange reserves. \u2026 By the time I left, they had nothing. Vivek Ramaswamy stated on October 18, 2023 in a press gaggle in New Hampshire: \"Russia has hypersonic missile capabilities ahead of that of the U.S.\" Chris Sununu stated on June 26, 2018 in an interview: \"Every time they\u2019ve done those border patrols, they\u2019ve taken out people who have trafficked drugs. [...] Donald Trump stated on October 23, 2023 in remarks at a rally in Derry, N.H.: \"When I came into office, Iran had $70 billion in foreign exchange reserves. \u2026 By the time I left, they had nothing.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWisconsin had over 1,400 opioid overdose deaths in 2022.\u201d", "evidence": "Yes, there were over 1,400 opioid-related deaths in Wisconsin in 2022 [...] \"Wisconsin had over 1400 opioid deaths in 2022,\" she said. [...] Baldwin claimed Wisconsin had over 1,400 opioid deaths in Wisconsin in 2022.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWisconsin had over 1,400 opioid overdose deaths in 2022.\u201d", "evidence": "In 2021, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services found synthetic opioids, particularly fentanyl, caused 91% of opioid deaths. In May, the department announced $18 million in new funding for drug abuse treatment and prevention, including fentanyl. Wisconsin\u2019s synthetic opioid crisis worsened in recent years. Provisional data from DHS shows there were 1,358 opioid overdose or poisoning deaths in 2022, a slight decrease from 2021 but still a 62% increase from five years ago. [...] \"Fentanyl is more potent than morphine and heroin and the leading cause of overdose deaths in 2021,\" said a statement attributed to Fitzgerald, who passed similar legislation while in the Wisconsin state Senate. \"Too many families are losing loved ones to drug overdoses fueled by fentanyl.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cWisconsin had over 1,400 opioid overdose deaths in 2022.\u201d", "evidence": "In 2022, there were over 1,400 opioid-related deaths in Wisconsin, many of them tied to fentanyl, according to a February 2024 PolitiFact. [...] PolitiFact, \"Yes, there were over 1,400 opioid-related deaths in Wisconsin in 2022\", Feb. 6, 2024 [...] Milwaukee Police Department, \"Operating Policies: Controlled Substances,\" March 13, 2024", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Quotes Sen. Mitt Romney as saying: \u201cThe Merrick Garland decision wasn\u2019t unfair & the notion that someone has to pay the price to make up for it is wrong.\u201d", "evidence": "What Happened With Merrick Garland In 2016 And Why It Matters Now So much has happened in the past two years that many may have forgotten what happened to Merrick Garland in the spring of 2016. [...] So it was safer, in the judgments of spring and summer 2016, to let the Republicans look intransigent and unfair and hope somebody noticed. Perhaps the injustice to Garland would help Democrats win seats in supposedly blue states such as Wisconsin and Pennsylvania, and even red ones such as Missouri and North Carolina.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\"Samsung drops out of $1 billion advertising campaign with Olympics.\"", "evidence": "Samsung Officially Kicks-Off Olympic and Paralympic Campaign in Final Countdown to Paris 2024 Samsung releases \u2019Open always wins\u2019 campaign and opens new Olympic Showcase, Olympic\u2122\ufe0f rendezvous @ Samsung, in the heart of Paris [...] Samsung has been a Worldwide Olympic Partner since the Olympic Winter Games Nagano 1998. For over 25 years, athletes and fans have trusted Samsung\u2019s transformative mobile technology to share the Olympic spirit globally and continue to shape the digital future of the Olympic Games for Paris 2024 and beyond. The company\u2019s commitment to the Olympic Movement soon faces its fourth decade of partnership and extends through Los Angeles 2028. Samsung\u2019s purposeful innovations in the wireless communications and computing equipment category, including equipment that features artificial intelligence, virtual reality, augmented reality and 5G will change the way the world experiences the Olympic Games.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Baby boomers didn\u2019t have autism, seizures, allergies and other ailments when they were kids.", "evidence": "Today\u2019s childhood diseases and ailments also existed when baby boomers were kids, though in some cases, the rates of such illnesses have increased.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Baby boomers didn\u2019t have autism, seizures, allergies and other ailments when they were kids.", "evidence": "Supporting the Age Wave: Baby Boomers and Autism Since 2010, baby boomers in the United States have been turning 65 at the rate of approximately 10,000 a day. Some of these new baby boomers are people with autism. At the same time, over 3.5 million adults with autism and other developmental disabilities are living with family members. In nearly 25 percent of these households, the family caregivers are over 60 years of age. During Autism Acceptance month, we should address the challenges that the age wave creates for people with autism and their family members.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Baby boomers didn\u2019t have autism, seizures, allergies and other ailments when they were kids.", "evidence": "This pattern did not occur in the group of 46 people who didn\u2019t have autism. Whether this tendency to extract rules is a \"worsening\" of autism symptoms or a general trend among all older people is not yet clear.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cClassified documents can never be taken out of a (sensitive compartmented information facility), ever.\u201d", "evidence": "There are scenarios in which classified documents can be removed from a sensitive compartmented information facility, also known as a SCIF. It\u2019s a physical space that meets intelligence community protocols that allows officials with the proper security clearance to study classified documents. [...] Referring to Biden\u2019s handling of materials with classified markings, Fitzpatrick cited his experience as an FBI special agent and a federal prosecutor, and said: \"Classified documents can never be taken out of a SCIF, ever.\" [...] This is exaggerated. SCIFs must be used when documents with the highest-level classifications have to be reviewed. But even the most highly classified documents can be taken out of a SCIF, as long as specific precautions are taken that ensure similar levels of security.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cClassified documents can never be taken out of a (sensitive compartmented information facility), ever.\u201d", "evidence": "There are scenarios in which classified documents can be removed from a sensitive compartmented information facility, also known as a SCIF. It\u2019s a physical space that meets intelligence community protocols that allows officials with the proper security clearance to study classified documents. Sensitive compartmented information facilities are used typically for materials categorized as \"top secret/sensitive compartmented information.\" There are differing levels of classified documents, with escalating levels of security clearances required to view them. Not all classified documents must be viewed in a SCIF.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The United States had 589 coal-fired plants 10 years ago, and \u201cwe're down to 504. \u2026 We are the only nation that has reduced our reliance (on) coal energy.\"", "evidence": "Reductions in coal consumption have been driven in large part by non-climate factors, most notably environmental regulations to address air pollution, rapidly declining costs of renewables, and lower natural gas prices, especially inexpensive unconventional gas in the USA. (Culver and Hong 2016; Diluiso et al.2021; Vinichenko et al. 2021). Older coal-fired power plants that cannot meet new environmental regulations, or have become unprofitable or uncompetitive, have been closed in many regions. Moreover, coal power expansion has slowed down in Asia, as countries have suspended and cancelled new projects for reasons such as overcapacity, environmental constraints, and the development of renewables (Box 6.2).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cKamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.\u201d", "evidence": "Mike Palicz, director of tax policy at the conservative advocacy group Americans for Tax Reform, tweeted Feb. 7: \"Those 87,000 new IRS agents that you were promised would only target the rich\u2026 They\u2019re coming after waitresses\u2019 tips now: \u2018monitoring of employer compliance based on actual annual tip revenue and charge tip data from an employer\u2019s point-of-sale system.\u2019\" [...] PolitiFact previously fact-checked claims citing the \"87,000 IRS agents\" figure, which stems from a 2021 assessment from the Treasury Department on how it would use $80 billion in new funding from the Inflation Reduction Act. The report said the funding could pay for 86,852 new full-time equivalent positions and that the hiring would take place over a 10-year period. [...] Mike Palicz claimed that 87,000 IRS agents will now be \"coming after waitresses\u2019 tips,\" after the IRS announced a new service industry tip reporting program.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cKamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.\u201d", "evidence": "Vice President Kamala Harris cast the tiebreaking vote in the Senate in 2022 to pass the Inflation Reduction Act. That bill gave an additional $80 billion to the Internal Revenue Service. A 2021 Treasury Department report said that the IRS would use money to hire about 87,000 new workers over a decade. But they were not all for enforcement. And it did not plan to increase audits for households earning less than $400,000. In 2023, the IRS proposed a new tip reporting program for service industry employers to report tips voluntarily to aid tax compliance. It was structured to replace preexisting programs but was never adopted.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "A Phoenix TV station aired the election results more than a week early.", "evidence": "A Detroit TV station\u2019s airing of \"The Bachelorette\" featured a sidebar that appeared to be showing results from the 2020 election a week before Election Day. [...] And, for some watchers in the Detroit area, the Oct. 27 episode also appeared to preview the results for the 2020 presidential election and other contests in Michigan. \"2020 election results air a week early!\" said the caption on one YouTube video viewed more than 95,000 times. [...] A YouTube video said a broadcast of ABC\u2019s \"The Bachelorette\" showed the 2020 election results a week early.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cOverdose deaths in WV are up 45% from the prior year.\u201d", "evidence": "More West Virginians died of drug overdoses in 2020 than in any previous year on record, according to new data showing the toll of the COVID-19 pandemic on the addiction crisis. At least 1,275 West Virginians died of an overdose in 2020 \u2014 a 45% increase from the 878 deaths in 2019, according to the preliminary data. And because the data could still be updated, the actual number of deaths is likely higher. [...] Overdose death rates have risen nationally, largely due to the pandemic that has left people isolated and cut off from support services. But from 2019 to 2020, West Virginia saw one of the largest increases in overdose deaths in the country.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cTexas ranks 3rd highest among states for the number of people who have recovered from\u201d the coronavirus.", "evidence": "Looking just at the cumulative recovery statistics from the available states \u2014 14 states have not published current data on recoveries \u2014 Texas ranks third. But it is important to note that there are many different definitions of what constitutes a recovery. For example, the Texas figure is an estimate based on hospitalizations and recovery times. Given the size of Texas' population, it makes sense to compare recovery statistics as a rate, as opposed to looking at the cumulative recoveries. Looking at the percentage of recoveries per positive coronavirus test, Texas ranks 16th among the states that have published data.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cTexas ranks 3rd highest among states for the number of people who have recovered from\u201d the coronavirus.", "evidence": "There, public health officials count as recovered any COVID-19 patient who is still alive 30 days after testing positive for the virus. On Sunday, Texas Gov. Greg Abbott tweeted that more people in his state had recovered from COVID-19 than had been newly diagnosed with it over the last two days. [...] In Abbott's state, the Department of State Health Services reports daily on the number of cumulative COVID-19 cases in the state, and estimated numbers of active cases and of patients who have recovered from the virus.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cPete Buttigieg is a favorite candidate of Wall Street and the health care industry.\u201d", "evidence": "If the health care sector is broadly defined, Bernie Sanders leads the Democratic presidential primary field in terms of donations. Buttigieg leads in terms of campaign contributions from pharmaceutical companies as well as health services and HMOs, a classification that includes large insurance companies. When contributions to leadership political action committees are considered, Biden has the highest donation total from the pharmaceutical and health products sector.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cNetflix loses 6 million subscribers within hours of donation announcement.\u201d", "evidence": "Netflix loses almost a million subscribers [...] \"Netflix's subscriber loss was expected but it remains a sore point for a company that is wholly dependent on subscription revenue from consumers,\" said Insider Intelligence analyst Ross Benes. [...] Shares climbed more than 7% in after-hours trade on relief that the losses were not larger. The firm had warned it could lose as many as two million subscribers.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cNetflix loses 6 million subscribers within hours of donation announcement.\u201d", "evidence": "SAN FRANCISCO (AP) \u2014 Netflix suffered its first subscriber loss in more than a decade, causing its shares to plunge 25 percent in extended trading amid concerns that the pioneering streaming service may have already seen its best days. The company\u2019s customer base fell by 200,000 subscribers during the January-March period, according to its quarterly earnings report released Tuesday. It\u2019s the first time that Netflix\u2019s subscribers have fallen since the streaming service became available throughout most of the world outside of China six years ago. The drop this year stemmed in part from Netflix\u2019s decision to withdraw from Russia to protest the war against Ukraine, resulting in a loss of 700,000 subscribers. READ MORE: Netflix tests a possible password-sharing crackdown Netflix acknowledged its problems are deep rooted by projecting a loss of another 2 million subscribers during the April-June period. If the stock drop extends into Wednesday\u2019s regular trading session, Netflix shares will have lost more than half of their value so far this year \u2014 wiping out about $150 billion in shareholder wealth in less than four months.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cWhen we discovered, I discovered, that we were doing many, many, too many stop and frisks, we cut 95% of it out.\u201d", "evidence": "Photo by Kevin Lamarque/Reuters. ___ STOP AND FRISK DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE MIKE BLOOMBERG, on the stop-and-frisk policing policy when he was New York mayor: \"What happened, however, was it got out of control and when we discovered \u2014 I discovered \u2014 that we were doing many, many, too many stop and frisks, we cut 95% of them out.\" \u2014 Democratic debate Wednesday. THE FACTS: He\u2019s misrepresenting how stop and frisk declined. That happened because of a court order, not because Bloomberg learned that it was being overused. In Bloomberg\u2019s first 10 years in office, the number of stop-and-frisk actions increased nearly 600% from when he took office in 2002, reaching a peak of nearly 686,000 stops in 2011. That declined to about 192,000 documented stops in 2013, his final year as mayor. Bloomberg achieved his claim of a 95% cut by cherry-picking the quarterly high point of 203,500 stops in the first quarter of 2012 and comparing that with the 12,485 stops in the last quarter of 2013.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cWhen we discovered, I discovered, that we were doing many, many, too many stop and frisks, we cut 95% of it out.\u201d", "evidence": "Biden called the stop and frisks 'abhorrent' and the former mayor admitted that it 'got out of control'. 'When we discovered \u2013 I discovered \u2013 that we were doing many, many \u2013 too many \u2013 stop and frisks, we cut 95 per cent of it out,' Bloomberg asserted. [...] 'Let's get something straight. The reason that stop and frisk changed is because Barack Obama sent moderators to see what was going on. When we sent them there to say \"this practice has to stop,\" the mayor thought it was a terrible idea we send them there \u2013 a terrible idea,' Biden said, invoking the name of one of the most famous Democrats.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWisconsin is 49th in public health spending.\u201d", "evidence": "Wisconsin did rank 49th in the nation in the amount of federal funds spent on public health during the previous fiscal year, receiving $18.65 per resident for U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention programs. [...] \"(Wisconsin) is 49th in public health spending,\" Erpenbach tweeted. \"We just had a pandemic and will be vulnerable to the next one because Republicans are not investing in public health.\" [...] In a retort about the state budget, Erpenbach said Wisconsin ranks 49th in the nation in public health spending.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThis year, it's going to be over $1.5 trillion (that we\u2019ve) reduced the debt.\"", "evidence": "Devin LeMahieu stated on January 3, 2023 in Senate address \"In 2010, (Wisconsin Republicans) inherited a multi-Billion dollar deficit \u2026 Today we are looking at a projected surplus approaching 7 Billion.\" Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez stated on January 27, 2023 in an interview with reporters \"The largest contributor to the debt ceiling, or to our deficit, has been the Trump tax cuts.\" Occupy Democrats stated on January 12, 2023 in a Facebook post \"Social Security has nothing to do with the deficit or the national debt.\" Joe Biden stated on September 18, 2022 in an interview with CBS' \"60 Minutes\" \"This year, it's going to be over $1.5 trillion (that we\u2019ve) reduced the debt.\" Janet Yellen stated on July 24, 2022 in an interview on NBC's \"Meet the Press\" \"We've cut the deficit by a record $1.5 trillion this year.\" Joe Biden stated on May 10, 2022 in remarks at the White House \"My Treasury Department is planning to pay down the national debt this quarter, which never happened under my predecessor.\" Lindsey Graham stated on December 12, 2021 in an interview on Fox News Sunday \"The CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.\" [...] Joe Biden stated on September 18, 2022 in an interview with CBS' \"60 Minutes\" \"This year, it's going to be over $1.5 trillion (that we\u2019ve) reduced the debt.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThis year, it's going to be over $1.5 trillion (that we\u2019ve) reduced the debt.\"", "evidence": "Often, administration officials cite today\u2019s historically low unemployment rate. On occasion, they\u2019ve touted progress on reducing the federal deficit. During an appearance on NBC\u2019s \"Meet the Press,\" Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said, \"We've cut the deficit by a record $1.5 trillion this year.\" [...] \"While I welcome deficit reduction, the $1.5 trillion was off of enormous deficits,\" Ellis said. \"It lacks a certain context.\" [...] Yellen said, \"We've cut the deficit by a record $1.5 trillion this year.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThis year, it's going to be over $1.5 trillion (that we\u2019ve) reduced the debt.\"", "evidence": "The Congressional Budget Office\u2019s latest projection shows that the deficit is about $1.7 trillion lower now than it was in 2021. However, this large decrease is because of an unusual historical circumstance \u2014 the expiration of large, temporary programs related to coronavirus pandemic relief. The federal debt is not lower today than it had been. Instead, it has not gone up as fast as it would have otherwise.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Black Lives Matter protesters outside the White House faced a more militarized response than rioters who assaulted the Capitol.", "evidence": "In remarks to Ohio reporters, Sen. Sherrod Brown, D-Ohio, said there was a big difference in police response between what Black Lives Matter protesters faced and what riotous Trump supporters encountered at the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6. In the summer, \"peaceful Black protesters outside the White House were met with tear gas, rubber bullets, a full militarized response,\" Brown said Jan. 8. \"While this week, white supremacists, rioters were able to breach the Capitol.\" [...] On the afternoon of May 29, the Black Lives Matter protest movement arrived in Washington, D.C. About 1,000 people gathered in a park across the street from the White House. The confrontation between police and protesters grew more tense. At about 3 a.m., a line of officers in riot gear with shields advanced and deployed chemical irritants to disperse the crowd.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Black Lives Matter protesters outside the White House faced a more militarized response than rioters who assaulted the Capitol.", "evidence": "But many have been quick to point out the differences between the police responses to the mostly white mob that stormed the Capitol and Black organizers who have called for the end of police brutality and over-policing in communities of color. Summer protests following the police killing of George Floyd last May were met with aggressive police action, including mass arrests, surveillance, and the use of rubber bullets, batons and flash-bang grenades. On June 1, 2020, during the height of last summer\u2019s protests, D.C. Metropolitan police made more than 300 \"unrest-related\" arrests, according to police data. \"No one can tell me that if it had been a group of Black Lives Matter protesters yesterday that they wouldn\u2019t have been treated very, very differently than the mob of thugs that stormed the Capitol yesterday,\" Biden said in a speech on Thursday. Ronnette Cox, 35, a New York City-based activist, recalled being pepper-sprayed and pushed on several occasions by law enforcement this summer. \"I still remember the stinging,\" she said, noting the frustration she felt seeing police officers escort white rioters out of the Capitol, knowing how they had responded to herself and other Black protesters during largely peaceful gatherings.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Black Lives Matter protesters outside the White House faced a more militarized response than rioters who assaulted the Capitol.", "evidence": "At the earliest encounters between police and Black Lives Matter protesters in D.C., officers were ready with full riot gear, shields and chemical agents. Capitol Police in regular uniforms were the first line of defense when Trump supporters marched on the Capitol. Federal officials were quick to see fires and looting in other cities as signs of pending violence, but ignored evidence of planned attacks by Trump supporters.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cIn April last year, our state unemployment rate hit a record low of 2.4%. Last year, Wisconsin had an all-time lowest number of unemployed workers ever in modern history.\u201d", "evidence": "During Gov. Evers\u2019 tenure, Wisconsin\u2019s unemployment rate has hit record lows, reaching an all-time low of 2.4 percent in April 2023, and Wisconsin continues to have an unemployment rate below the national average and a labor participation rate above the national average. [...] Still, with historically low unemployment and high workforce participation, coupled with a shrinking labor pool caused by several long-term factors, Wisconsin\u2019s small businesses, farmers and producers, hospitals and healthcare sectors, schools, and other critical employers and industries continue to face significant challenges filling available jobs. Throughout the year, Gov. Evers and his administration will continue efforts to reduce barriers to employment, support opportunities for advancement through Wisconsin\u2019s leading apprenticeship programs, and recruit and retain talented workers to support critical industries of Wisconsin\u2019s workforce. In coordination with his declaration of 2024 as the Year of the Worker, Gov. Evers announced several new initiativesto help address recruitment and retention of Wisconsin\u2019s workforce, including targeted initiatives for careers in education and healthcare\u2014two industries that have particularly struggled to recruit and retain talent.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cIn April last year, our state unemployment rate hit a record low of 2.4%. Last year, Wisconsin had an all-time lowest number of unemployed workers ever in modern history.\u201d", "evidence": "Wisconsin hit its lowest unemployment rate of 2.4% in April 2023. That is the lowest unemployment rate from available U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data dating back to 1976. April\u2019s low rate beat the previous record of 2.5% which was set just a month prior in March 2023.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "In Georgia, it's \"illegal to give people water within 150 feet of a polling place\" and \"punishable by up to a year in prison.\"", "evidence": "The law makes it a misdemeanor to give away food or water within 150 feet of the outer edge of a polling place building or within 25 feet of any voter in line. Violations of this law are punishable by up to a year in jail and a $1,000 fine. While people other than poll workers can give away food or water, they have to adhere to these boundaries to avoid breaking the law. [...] Keith Williams, general counsel to Republican House Speaker David Ralston, told PolitiFact: \"Any individual other than a worker at a polling place is prohibited from handing out water, etc., within 150 feet of a polling place or within 25 feet of the line.\" [...] SB 202 makes it a crime for people \u2014 and not just people from political organizations \u2014 to hand out food or bottles of water within 150 feet of a polling place or 25 feet of any voter standing in line.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "In Georgia, it's \"illegal to give people water within 150 feet of a polling place\" and \"punishable by up to a year in prison.\"", "evidence": "The commercial\u2019s two-part claim \u2014 that it's \"illegal to give people water within 150 feet of a polling place\" and doing so is \"punishable by up to a year in prison\" \u2014 is accurate. [...] The Liquid Death beverage company said in an ad that in Georgia, it's \"illegal to give people water within 150 feet of a polling place\" and \"punishable by up to a year in prison.\" A 2021 Georgia law does prohibit people from giving water within 150 feet of a polling place, and violators face up to 12 months in jail.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "In Georgia, it's \"illegal to give people water within 150 feet of a polling place\" and \"punishable by up to a year in prison.\"", "evidence": "Giving water to voter within 150 feet of Georgia polling place is punishable by up to a year in jail [...] The commercial\u2019s two-part claim \u2014 that it's \"illegal to give people water within 150 feet of a polling place\" and doing so is \"punishable by up to a year in prison\" \u2014 is accurate. [...] The Liquid Death beverage company said in an ad that in Georgia, it's \"illegal to give people water within 150 feet of a polling place\" and \"punishable by up to a year in prison.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cA few years back,\u201d Mitchell Stadium in Bluefield, W.Va., \u201cwas voted the best high school football field in America.\u201d", "evidence": "Nestled in the beautiful mountains on the West Virginia-Virginia border is historic Mitchell Stadium, which won the title of \"Best High School Football Stadium\" in America by USA Today High School Sports last year. [...] Mitchell Stadium is home to both the Bluefield, West Virginia Beavers and the Bluefield, Virginia-based Graham G-Men. It makes for one of the county's top high school rivalries. [...] That's easy to understand for many reasons, including a chance to coach at the best high school football stadium in America.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cA few years back,\u201d Mitchell Stadium in Bluefield, W.Va., \u201cwas voted the best high school football field in America.\u201d", "evidence": "Mitchell Stadium of Bluefield, West Virginia, is the winner of the America\u2019s Best High School Football Stadiums contest by USA Today High School Sports. The contest seeded the top 16 high school football stadiums in the country, which included Mitchell at the 13th seed, and then allowed fans to vote online to decide the winner of each matchup. Mitchell defeated the fourth seeded Paul Brown Tiger Stadium of Massillon, Ohio, in the first round. In the second round, Mitchell topped the fifth seeded Round Valley Ensphere of Eagar, Arizona. Mitchell beat out the 16th seeded Stadium Bowl of Tacoma, Washington, in the semifinal round. And in the final round, Mitchell received more votes than 10th seeded R.R. Jones Stadium in El Paso, Texas, to be named America\u2019s Best High School Football Stadium. [...] Having Mitchell Stadium named America\u2019s Best High School Stadium is not only an accomplishment for Bluefield, but for the entire state of West Virginia. The contest gave West Virginia high school football a chance to gain national recognition, by having one of its stadiums beat out some of the country\u2019s other top high school football facilities.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cA few years back,\u201d Mitchell Stadium in Bluefield, W.Va., \u201cwas voted the best high school football field in America.\u201d", "evidence": "Mitchell Stadium is a 10,000 seat stadium in Bluefield, West Virginia.[1] It was built by the Works Progress Administration in 1935, and is located in Bluefield's city park that straddles the West Virginia\u2013Virginia state line. [...] America's Best High School Football Stadium [edit]On November 4, 2019, Mitchell Stadium was selected as \"America's Best High School Football Stadium\" in a poll conducted by USA Today. Mitchell Stadium prevailed in a bracket-type poll which began with a field of sixteen stadiums located throughout the United States. Mitchell Stadium's opponents were: first round - Paul Brown Tiger Stadium, Massillon, Ohio; second round - Round Valley Ensphere, Eagar, Arizona; third round - Stadium Bowl, Tacoma, Washington; and final round - R.R. Jones Stadium, El Paso, Texas. In the final round, Mitchell earned nearly 60% of the final round vote, receiving a total of 2,149,143 votes to R.R. Jones\u2019 1,515,558 votes.[4] Bluefield, West Virginia Mayor Ron Martin told the Bluefield Daily Telegraph that \"This victory is a result of hillbilly voodoo.\" [5] [...] - ^ Telegraph, GREG JORDAN Bluefield Daily (November 5, 2019). \"Mitchell No. 1 in Nation: Stadium wins USA Today Best High School Stadium poll\". Bluefield Daily Telegraph. Retrieved November 5, 2019.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Project 2025 would end gay marriage.", "evidence": "As it is outlined in a 900-page document titled \"Mandate for Leadership,\" Project 2025 includes no proposal to eliminate same-sex marriage. The document refers to heterosexual families as \"ideal\" and calls for the protection of faith-based federal grant recipients who do not support same-sex marriage. Project 2025 is a \"presidential transition project\" led by the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank. Its contributors include a number of former Trump administration advisers, but former President Donald Trump has sought to distance himself from the plan. He has not advocated banning same-sex marriage during his 2024 presidential campaign.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Project 2025 would end gay marriage.", "evidence": "This assault on civil rights is one plank of Project 2025, a transition plan spearheaded by the Heritage Foundation \u2014 a right-wing think tank \u2014 for the next Republican president. Trump hasn\u2019t officially co-signed, but many of his associates are authors. [...] LGBTQ issues: Project 2025 seeks to ramp up the assault on LGBTQ rights and wipe out certain federal protections for queer Americans. This entails, as the policy agenda puts it, ending the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services\u2019 \"foray into woke transgender activism\" by scrubbing the acknowledgment of gender and sexual identity from \"every federal rule, agency regulation, contract, grant, regulation, and piece of legislation that exists,\" criminalizing classroom instruction on LGBTQ experiences, and eroding vital medical coverage for transgender Americans. [...] Civil rights: As mentioned above, Project 2025 calls for shifting the attention of the U.S. Department of Justice to quashing the supposed menace of \"anti-white racism\" by abolishing affirmative action policies. The policy agenda also calls for the next Republican administration to use the DOJ\u2019s Civil Rights Division to \"prosecute all state and local governments, institutions of higher education, corporations, and any other private employers\" with affirmative action or DEI policies. And it demands that \"voter registration fraud and unlawful ballot correction\" be investigated by the DOJ\u2019s Criminal Division instead of by its Civil Rights Division.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cRon DeSantis is against fracking. He is against drilling\u201d", "evidence": "Ron DeSantis \"On day one, Ron DeSantis will advocate to the Florida Legislature to pass legislation that bans fracking in the state.\" [...] Even before he entered office, Gov. Ron DeSantis promised to urge Florida's Legislature to ban hydraulic fracturing, aka fracking, statewide. [...] Almost all of the action DeSantis took on fracking occurred shortly after he became governor. Just two days into his term, DeSantis issued an executive order with several water policy reforms and a line directing the Department of Environmental Protection to push to end all fracking in Florida.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cRon DeSantis is against fracking. He is against drilling\u201d", "evidence": "Florida\u2019s new governor, Ron DeSantis, announced several changes to water policy today. In an executive order, DeSantis made moves to ban hydraulic fracturing (fracking), dedicate money to Everglades restoration, fight algae blooms, appoint a Chief Science Officer and create an Office of Environmental Accountability and Transparency. [...] \"Today \u2013 on Thursday January 10th \u2013 Governor Ron DeSantis put out a statement announcing that he is going to direct the state Department of Environmental Protection [DEP] to adamantly oppose and ban fracking statewide in Florida. We are very happy to see the governor fulfilling the promise that he made on the campaign trail to protect Florida\u2019s water by banning fracking statewide.\" [...] \"And so seeing the governor also taking a very strong stance against drilling is incredibly important because we\u2019re seeing the Trump administration making moves to drill in the Gulf of Mexico as well as on our East Coast. So we need to make sure that Governor DeSantis is using his power as governor to not only ensure fracking ever occurs in State waters off of our coasts but also in Federal waters as well.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cBefore the pandemic, just over 40,000 were on continuing UI claims. Now, there are well over 100,000 on state or federal UI benefits.\u201d", "evidence": "Other changes in UI policy have also kept claims abnormally elevated deep into the recovery. Supplemental benefits of $300 per week (formerly $600) have given unemployed and underemployed workers unusually strong incentives to apply for UI. In addition, almost every state waived its usual job search requirements early in the pandemic. These waivers, most of which were still in effect earlier this year, have made UI benefits available to many individuals for whom caregiving responsibilities or fears of infection have complicated returning to work. [...] This dramatic shift in the UI claimant pool owes largely to the federal PUA program, which was created in March 2020 to provide benefits to classes of workers not covered by traditional UI.7 Because federal guidelines restrict PUA to those who are ineligible for regular UI, many states instruct benefit-seekers that they must apply (and be denied) for regular UI before they can apply for PUA. As a result, many self-employed workers and other atypical claimants have been counted towards both regular UI and PUA in successive weeks, even though initial claims for these two programs are tallied separately in government statistics.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cBefore the pandemic, just over 40,000 were on continuing UI claims. Now, there are well over 100,000 on state or federal UI benefits.\u201d", "evidence": "Since the initial effects of the pandemic on the labor market, many media stories have reported the cumulative number of initial state UI claims as a measure of joblessness. However, this may be misleading since it undercounts claims for Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA).3 As a provision of the CARES Act, the PUA program extends UI benefits to jobless workers who are not typically eligible for regular UI. In practice, this means self-employed people, including independent contractors, \"gig\" workers, and those with insufficient work experience qualify. This group may be more likely to reflect claims by musicians and other cultural economy workers who are more likely to be self-employed, 4 as well as those with non-standard or part-time employment. [...] To provide a common reference point for sectors with different employment levels, total claims can be compared with pre-COVID-19 UI-based employment data from 2019.13 For the week ending June 6, the Louisiana Workforce Commission received three or more UI claims (initial and continued combined) for every 10 pre-COVID-19, UI-eligible employees in three sectors: Accommodation and Food Services; Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation; and \"Other Services.\"14 Even outside of these extremes, nearly every industry sector has seen an exceptional scale of employment disruption.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201c100 million ballots (Democrats) prefilled now have the wrong name.\u201d", "evidence": "Just days before the 2020 U.S. presidential election, Twitter users began circulating a claim that residents of Queens Village, in the New York borough of Queens, were receiving ballots that had been already filled out for Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden and other Democratic candidates. The rumor appears to have originated with a video shared by freelance journalist Jake Novak: [...] But, it turned out, the ballot hadn't been \"pre-filled\" at all. As elections officials confirmed, it had been sent to the appropriate absentee voter in California, who indeed filled it in himself. However, that voter mistakenly used the wrong envelope when he placed his ballot in the mail, thereby sending it to his previous address in Queens rather than returning it to elections officials:", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Higher education is one of America's strongest export sectors. Over 1 million international students studied at American universities, (in the) 2018-19 school year. They contributed over $40 billion to the economy.\u201d", "evidence": "A new Trump administration directive would bar foreign college students from staying in the U.S. if they take all their courses online. Hayes\u2019 statistics are accurate. Education was the sixth largest U.S. service export in 2019, the International Trade Administration told PolitiFact.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"Higher education is one of America's strongest export sectors. Over 1 million international students studied at American universities, (in the) 2018-19 school year. They contributed over $40 billion to the economy.\u201d", "evidence": "Higher Education is America\u2019s 10th Top Export, Injecting Over $40 Billion into the U.S. Economy [...] These international students make a substantial economic contribution, injecting over $40 billion into the U.S. economy and supporting more than 368,000 jobs. Their spending goes far beyond tuition, encompassing everything from housing rentals to food delivery services, and it\u2019s nearing an all-time high. Higher education has become one of America\u2019s top exports, ranking as the 10th-leading export according to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. However, this \"export\" is, in reality, an import of international students who bring their financial resources into the U.S. economy.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Kamala Harris \u201csupported abolishing ICE.\u201d", "evidence": "The White House tweeted at Harris, writing, \".@SenKamalaHarris, why are you supporting the animals of MS-13? You must not know what ICE really does\" with a link to a press release about ICE deporting a Salvadoran MS-13 affiliate, as well as an Irish national. [...] Kamala Harris of California \"I think there\u2019s no question that we\u2019ve got to critically re-examine ICE and its role and the way that it is being administered and the work it is doing,\" she told MSNBC. \"And we need to probably think about starting from scratch.\" Clarification: This story was updated to remove Sen. Kamala Harris from the list of Democrats calling for abolishing ICE and add her stance in a separate category of those calling for changes to the agency. Harris said the agency should be reexamined.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Kamala Harris \u201csupported abolishing ICE.\u201d", "evidence": "\"Lyin\u2019 Kamala supported abolishing ICE,\" Trump said July 24 at a Charlotte, North Carolina, campaign rally. [...] The Trump and Harris campaigns responded to our query about Trump\u2019s rally claim with multiple citations of Harris statements; we found many more through our own research. There is no record of Harris saying she would \"abolish ICE,\" a specific phrase that others like Ocasio-Cortez have used. And in 2019, when asked point-blank if she supports abolishing the Department of Homeland Security, which oversees Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Harris said no. [...] Trump said Harris \"supported abolishing ICE.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Due to U.S. Senate rules, Democrats need \"more than a majority ... to codify Roe vs. Wade.\"", "evidence": "\"If the Court does overturn Roe, it will fall on our nation\u2019s elected officials at all levels of government to protect a woman\u2019s right to choose,\" Biden said. \"And it will fall on voters to elect pro-choice officials this November. At the federal level, we will need more pro-choice Senators and a pro-choice majority in the House to adopt legislation that codifies Roe, which I will work to pass and sign into law.\" [...] However, under longstanding Senate procedure, Democrats need more than a simple majority to pass legislation that codifies Roe into law. [...] NBC News, \"Democrats push to codify Roe after leaked opinion. But they don\u2019t have the votes,\" May 3, 2022 19th News, \"The Supreme Court will overturn Roe v. Wade, according to a draft opinion. Here\u2019s what we know,\" May 2, 2022 19th News, \"Why didn\u2019t Congress codify abortion rights?\" Jan. 26, 2022", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Due to U.S. Senate rules, Democrats need \"more than a majority ... to codify Roe vs. Wade.\"", "evidence": "What Would It Mean to Codify Roe v. Wade? [...] Takeaways - Codifying Roe v. Wade would mean passing a law that would affirm a pregnant person\u2019s right to an abortion without undue interference - The most effective way to codify Roe v. Wade would be for Congress to pass a law, such as the Women\u2019s Health Protection Act, that would be binding for all states. This act was passed in the House on September 24, but it is considered unlikely to pass in the Senate - Unless Roe v. Wade is codified, blue states will likely decide to codify Roe, while red states will continue to enact restrictions on abortion rights, like the 2021 Texas Abortion Law [...] Laskowski: Have Democrats proposed codifying Roe v. Wade before and why weren\u2019t they successful?", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "ABC News reporter said \u201cgovernment tried to kill\u201d former President Donald Trump.", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: No, ABC News Reporter Pierre Thomas Did Not Say The Government Tried To Kill Trump A video shared on X claims ABC News journalist Pierre Thomas said the U.S. government tried to kill 2024 Republican nominee and former President Donald Trump when reporting on the shooting that occurred at Trump\u2019s July 13 campaign rally in Butler, Pennsylvania. [...] The X video claims Thomas said the government tried to kill Trump when reporting on the shooting that occurred at the former Republican President\u2019s July 13 campaign rally in Butler, Pennsylvania. \"NEW: ABC host claims the United States government tried to kill President Trump!\" the post\u2019s caption reads. The report is focused on a new video from mere seconds after the shooting, Thomas says during the segment.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "In Afghanistan, \u201cover 100 billion dollars spent on military contracts.\u201d", "evidence": "Over the 20-year period of the U.S. intervention in Afghanistan, the U.S. Department of Defense paid various companies about $108 billion in contracts for work performed in the country, according to our latest research. This is in addition to the trillions of dollars spent on Department of Defense contracts performed in the U.S. over that period \u2013 and does not include other goods and services produced in the U.S. and used in the war in Afghanistan, such as weapons. What\u2019s more, this figure is just a fraction of the over $14 trillion in Pentagon spending since the start of the war in Afghanistan in total, with one-third to one-half of the total going to military contractors. Over one-third of the contract spending went to \"undisclosed\" recipients \u2013 domestic and foreign businesses who are not uniquely identifiable in the publicly available contracting databases \u2013 USASpending.gov and the Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS). Of the $108 billion spent in Afghanistan from fiscal years 2002-2022, over 40 percent went to the 14 largest companies, which each received over one billion dollars in total contract spending, with the largest receiving over $13.5 billion. There were also thousands of smaller contracts.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "In Afghanistan, \u201cover 100 billion dollars spent on military contracts.\u201d", "evidence": "News reports show the Pentagon spent $107.9 billion on contracted services in Afghanistan. To be sure, not all of the money was spent appropriately, according to a new report from a special inspector general.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cNew Haven, Conn., had to issue bonds for a bridge after using funds for that bridge to pay for a police misconduct settlement.\"", "evidence": "In 2017, New Haven, Conn., had to pay $8.4 million to settle a police misconduct lawsuit. It drew the funds from other city programs, and restored them the next year using proceeds from bond sales. Few municipalities track the total cost of these lawsuits, which total millions nationally each year.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cNew Haven, Conn., had to issue bonds for a bridge after using funds for that bridge to pay for a police misconduct settlement.\"", "evidence": "Ward of the State: New Haven\u2019s Use of Federal and State Grants in the Financing of Public BridgesNew Haven railyards, connecting the city\u2019s downtown with its harbor. This time the city government was onboard. With the cooperation of the local congresswoman, the Mayor testified before Congress in pursuit of federal funding. A $19 million earmark was inserted into the transportation appropriations bill. The $32 million bridge opened in 2003, funded almost entirely by federal and state grants. The Grand Avenue and Church Street Bridges illustrate a dramatic change in the financing of New Haven\u2019s bridges. One hundred years ago, all bridges within the city, even those ordered by the federal government or located on state highways, were constructed using city funds raised through bond issues. Today, almost all locally owned bridges within the city, even those that mainly benefit New Haven residents, are primarily funded through federal and state grants. Of the $12.55 million the city will spend on bridge construction and rehabilitation in 2009-2010, only $490,000 will come from municipally raised revenues. The growth in federal and state grants, for all types of goods and services, has occurred across the country.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says Taylor Swift \u201cannounced a fund raising concert with Beyonc\u00e9 in support of Harris\u201d on July 23.", "evidence": "Taylor Swift, Beyonc\u00e9 and Mitt Romney: Key endorsements to watch ahead of November by Jared Gans - 05/22/24 6:00 AM ET by Jared Gans - 05/22/24 6:00 AM ET [...] Swift endorsed Biden for president shortly before the 2020 election, saying she believed Biden and now-Vice President Harris would start a \"healing process\" for the country. [...] Beyonc\u00e9 has been more active in politics than Swift. She and her husband, Jay-Z, helped raise millions of dollars for Obama\u2019s 2012 reelection campaign, and both performed at a concert supporting Hillary Clinton just before Election Day 2016.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says Taylor Swift \u201cannounced a fund raising concert with Beyonc\u00e9 in support of Harris\u201d on July 23.", "evidence": "Taylor Swift didn\u2019t announce on July 23 a fundraiser for Vice President Kamala Harris.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz signed a law that would \u201ctake children away from their parents if the parents don\u2019t want to consent to sex changes.\u201d", "evidence": "Minnesota\u2019s Democratic Gov. Tim Walz signed legislation Thursday that further enshrines the right to abortion and gender-affirming care into law and another that bans so-called conversion therapy. [...] Walz previously signed an executive order restricting conversion therapy in the state in 2021. And earlier this year, the Democratic governor codified the right to abortion in the state and signed an executive order in March directing state agencies to protect and support access to gender-affirming health care across the state. [...] The laws Walz signed Thursday include the reproductive health care and gender-affirming care bills, HF366 and HF146, which will shield people from legal action that other states may levy over such care.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz signed a law that would \u201ctake children away from their parents if the parents don\u2019t want to consent to sex changes.\u201d", "evidence": "\"I think it\u2019s pretty weird to try to take children away from their parents if the parents don\u2019t want to consent to sex changes,\" Vance said Aug. 7 at a campaign event in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. \"That\u2019s something that Tim Walz did.\" Other conservatives made similar claims. Fox News host Jesse Watters said the law Walz supported \"removes a child from their parents\u2019 home if the parents don\u2019t want to castrate them.\" Political commentator Megyn Kelly wrote on X that the law \"lets the state take away (your) kids\" if you don\u2019t agree to gender-affirming care. [...] The law would neither \"take away\" a parent\u2019s custody rights, nor would it authorize the government to take custody of a child just because a parent objects to gender-affirming care.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "My 2018 election was the first time Speaker Robin Vos has lost a Republican-held seat", "evidence": "Shooting, Kenosha police shoot Jacob Blake in Wisconsin on Aug. 23, 2020, Kenosha protesters, police clash again after Black man shot, Federal investigators launch a civil rights probe into shooting of Jacob Blake, My 2018 election was the first time Speaker Robin Vos has lost a Republican-held seat. [60], Former Vice President and 2020 Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden said \"these shots pierce the soul of our nation\" and called for an \"immediate, full, and transparent investigation\". The Kenosha police officer who shot Jacob Blake in the back seven times last month told investigators he thought Blake was trying to abduct one of his \u2026 Cuomo's daughter, Gov. Gunshot wounds; paralyzed from the waist down; damage to his stomach, kidney, and liver; most of small intestines and colon removed. Show full articles without \"Continue Reading\" button for {0} hours. This page was last edited on 26 October 2020, at 20:04. \"When asked about court-packing, Biden's staff immediately escorts the camera out.\", Says U.S. Rep. Ann Wagner \"voted five times against protecting pre-existing conditions.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "My 2018 election was the first time Speaker Robin Vos has lost a Republican-held seat", "evidence": "Latest Fact-checks on Robyn Vining Robyn Vining stated on October 25, 2020 in a TV interview: \"People are less likely to just vote for party now. \u2026 They\u2019re looking at the personalities.\" Robyn Vining stated on October 25, 2020 in an interview: My 2018 election was the first time Speaker Robin Vos has lost a Republican-held seat Robyn Vining stated on October 25, 2020 in a TV interview: \"People are less likely to just vote for party now. \u2026 They\u2019re looking at the personalities.\" Robyn Vining stated on October 25, 2020 in an interview: My 2018 election was the first time Speaker Robin Vos has lost a Republican-held seat [...] Robyn Vining stated on October 25, 2020 in an interview: My 2018 election was the first time Speaker Robin Vos has lost a Republican-held seat", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "There is \u201c$500 billion of unspent COVID money\u201d that can be rescinded.", "evidence": "Is Nikki Haley right that $500 billion in COVID-19 funding could be rescinded? It\u2019s not that simple [...] \"We start by clawing back the $500 billion of unspent COVID money,\" she said at an April 10 town hall in Salix, Iowa. [...] Haley said there is \"$500 billion in unspent COVID money\" that could be rescinded.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "In Milwaukee, \"The (homicide) rate has nearly doubled in the past two years.\"", "evidence": "That was back in March. On Friday, 21 people were injured in three shootings in the city\u2019s downtown entertainment district. Milwaukee has seen record numbers of homicides in each of the past two years \u2014 double the rate from as recently as 2019 \u2014 and is on pace to break the record again this year. In January, six people were killed across the street from a home where Johnson grew up. \"Milwaukee is in the midst of unsustainable and unacceptable violence,\" Johnson says. Milwaukee has other public safety problems. Vehicle thefts have doubled over the past couple of years to more than 11,000 annually, many ripped off by minors known as \"Kia Boys\" in reference to one of the preferred brands for break-ins. Milwaukee is a mostly flat city criss-crossed by long, broad, straight streets. If you\u2019re driving 40 mph in a 30 mph zone, you will get passed. Last year, 65 people were killed in the city due to reckless driving. \"It\u2019s become a social contagion,\" says Jordan Morales, a resident of the Sherman Park neighborhood. \"It\u2019s not just teenaged kids in stolen cars.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "In Milwaukee, \"The (homicide) rate has nearly doubled in the past two years.\"", "evidence": "Wisconsin congressman correct about Milwaukee\u2019s homicide rate nearly doubling in past two years [...] It is well known that Milwaukee is on pace for a third straight year of record homicides. But we wondered about the second part: Has the rate really nearly doubled in the past two years? [...] The Journal Sentinel\u2019s homicide database recorded Milwaukee homicides in 2019 at 111. In 2020, the number rose to 204. In 2021, the figure climbed to 212 homicides. So Steil\u2019s \"nearly doubled\" claim is on the mark.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe state of Washington has already sent out their ballots\u201d for the 2024 presidential election.", "evidence": "WA presidential primary ballots sent. Here\u2019s who\u2019s on them [...] On the Republican side, the Washington ballot includes former President Donald Trump and Nikki Haley, the former South Carolina governor and former U.N. ambassador who is the last rival remaining on Trump\u2019s path to the 2024 GOP nomination. [...] In 2020, Washington\u2019s Democratic presidential primary ballot featured 13 candidates, chiefly Biden and Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders but also other rivals who had ended their campaigns before the vote count here, including billionaire and former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren. Biden narrowly won the state\u2019s primary.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe state of Washington has already sent out their ballots\u201d for the 2024 presidential election.", "evidence": "No, Washington state\u2019s 2024 presidential election ballots are not \u2018already sent out\u2019 [...] The claim that Washington state has already \"sent out\" ballots for the November 2024 presidential election is inaccurate. [...] An Instagram post said \"the state of Washington has already sent out their ballots\" for the 2024 presidential election.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Project 2025 would \u201cend Head Start.\u201d", "evidence": "Head Start is a federally funded program that supports early education and other services for low-income Americans. The Project 2025 conservative policy blueprint says on Page 482 that it would \"Eliminate the Head Start program.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Project 2025 would \u201cend Head Start.\u201d", "evidence": "This article is part of a series from the Center for American Progress exposing how the sweeping Project 2025 policy agenda would harm all Americans. This new authoritarian playbook, published by the Heritage Foundation, would destroy the 250-year-old system of checks and balances upon which U.S. democracy has relied and give far-right politicians, judges, and corporations more control over Americans\u2019 lives. [...] Despite strong evidence that the program has helped boost educational attainment and fight intergenerational poverty, Project 2025\u2014a far-right authoritarian playbook that would upend the 250-year-old system of checks and balances on which American government is built\u2014proposes eliminating Head Start in its entirety. Enacting Project 2025\u2019s plan to eliminate Head Start would vastly restrict the number of available child care slots, dramatically increase child care costs for families living in poverty, and undermine economic growth and exacerbate inequality. [...] Additionally, eliminating Head Start would upend the progress states and localities have made on universal pre-K. The District of Columbia, Florida, Iowa, Oklahoma, and West Virginia\u2014top states in pre-K access for 4-year-olds\u2014each have integrated Head Start programs into their state pre-K programs. For instance, in West Virginia, where pre-K is available for all 4-year-olds, 68 percent of the state\u2019s preschool classrooms were in Head Start programs in the 2020 school year. Without Head Start, states would have to take on a larger share of funding to reach universal pre-K access.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Project 2025 would \u201cend Head Start.\u201d", "evidence": "If implemented, Project 2025 plans to completely eliminate Head Start, a federally funded child care program that has served nearly 40 million children and provides vital support to American families experiencing poverty. Nixing Head Start would create painful and, in some cases, unbearable increases in the cost of child care for countless Americans. Worse still, the repercussions would be disproportionately felt by some of the nation\u2019s most vulnerable populations, including Latino and rural communities. [...] \"Project 2025\u2019s plan to eliminate Head Start pulls the rug out from under families living in poverty and would have a devastating impact on children\u2019s development, parents\u2019 ability to seek employment, and our economy,\" said Casey Peeks, senior director for Early Childhood Policy at CAP and author of the column. \"A majority of Americans already live in child care deserts, but this plan would increase costs for families, set our country\u2019s early learning system back decades, and fall hardest on the backs of rural communities and Latino Americans.\" Read the column: \"Project 2025 Would Eliminate Head Start, Severely Restricting Access to Child Care in Rural America\" by Casey Peeks", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Former President Jimmy Carter \u201cpassed away Tuesday, July 23, at 01:34 am at his home in Plains, Georgia at the age of 99.\u201d", "evidence": "The death announcement included satirical claims about former President Jimmy Carter\u2019s time in office and lewd references to former first ladies. The Carter Center, a nonprofit organization Carter founded, told PolitiFact the letter is a hoax.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Former President Jimmy Carter \u201cpassed away Tuesday, July 23, at 01:34 am at his home in Plains, Georgia at the age of 99.\u201d", "evidence": "Jimmy Carter, now 99, became the oldest living president in history after George H.W. Bush died in 2018 at the age of 94. He has survived metastatic brain cancer, liver cancer and a number of health scares, including brain surgery after a fall in 2019. He entered hospice care in February 2023 after a series of hospital stays and made a rare public appearance to attend his wife\u2019s memorial service back in November. [...] The former president is widely revered for his championing of human rights. His brokering of the Camp David Accords in 1978 with Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin remains central to his legacy. A peanut farmer and US Navy lieutenant before going into politics, Carter, a Democrat, served one term as governor of Georgia before serving as president of the United States from 1977 to 1981.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There are nine states \u201cwhere Biden\u2019s name can\u2019t be removed and no one can be added. That\u2019s over 130 electoral votes in the toilet.\u201d", "evidence": "An Instagram post said there are nine states \"where Biden\u2019s name can\u2019t be removed and no one can be added. [...] It\u2019s wrong to say Biden\u2019s name can\u2019t be \"removed\" because it hasn\u2019t yet been placed on ballots. Biden was the presumptive nominee \u2014 not the official nominee. Election officials in the states listed in the Instagram post have said in written statements and in emails to PolitiFact that their deadlines for the party to submit its nominees\u2019 names for the ballot have not yet passed. [...] But there is nothing to \"remove\" Biden\u2019s name from because he was the presumptive nominee, not the official nominee. After the Democrats formally choose their official nominee \u2014 either at their Aug. 19 convention or before \u2014 state officials will receive those names to place them on their states\u2019 ballots.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There are nine states \u201cwhere Biden\u2019s name can\u2019t be removed and no one can be added. That\u2019s over 130 electoral votes in the toilet.\u201d", "evidence": "President Joe Biden was the presumptive \u2014 not official \u2014 Democratic presidential nominee until he announced July 21 that he would be dropping out of the race. The official nominee will be chosen either in the run-up to the Democratic National Convention that starts Aug. 19 or at the convention itself. States set deadlines for receiving the names of presidential nominees so that ballots can be printed. Those deadlines are generally after the convention.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cIran has stockpiled 10 times as much enriched uranium as it had\u201d in 2016.", "evidence": "\"This past month has proven that Trump's Iran policy is a dangerous failure,\" Biden wrote Sept. 13. \"Trump tried to unilaterally reimpose U.N. sanctions on Iran, only to have virtually all the U.N. Security Council members unite to reject his gambit. Now there are reports that Iran has stockpiled 10 times as much enriched uranium as it had when President Barack Obama and I left office.\" [...] The International Atomic Energy Agency reported in September that Iran now has a bit over 2,105 kilograms of enriched uranium. That\u2019s more than 10 times the limit in the agreement. [...] Biden said that Iran has 10 times as much enriched uranium as when he left office in 2016.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cIran has stockpiled 10 times as much enriched uranium as it had\u201d in 2016.", "evidence": "Iran's enriched uranium stockpile '10 times limit' Iran now has more than 10 times the amount of enriched uranium permitted under an international agreement, the UN's nuclear watchdog says. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said Iran's enriched uranium stockpile had reached 2,105kg (4,640lb).", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cIran has stockpiled 10 times as much enriched uranium as it had\u201d in 2016.", "evidence": "Iran should strictly adhere to its JCPOA commitments and move away from using brinksmanship as leverage.[fn]In addition to delaying the transfer of centrifuge infrastructure in Fordow to storage in the Natanz facility until shortly before the 16 January 2017 deadline, Iran kept its heavy-water stockpile close to the 130-ton threshold, and its low-enriched uranium stockpile just under the 300kg cap. Crisis Group interviews, U.S. and European officials, Brussels, London and Vienna, November 2016. Asked about the calculus behind this, an Iranian official retorted: \"Because 299kg is under 300kg. We committed to remain under 300kg, not to keep a large distance from it\". Crisis Group interview, November 2016. Yet, as an EU official said, \"implementing a long-duration agreement is difficult when you are always on the brink of surpassing the threshold, even if inadvertently\".", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Kamala Harris \u201creturned\u201d a $5,000 donation Donald Trump made to her campaign in 2011.", "evidence": "Though Donald Trump has a history of derisive comments about Harris since taking office, political contribution data, reviewed by USA TODAY on the California Secretary of State website show he gave $5,000 to Harris during her first bid for attorney general in 2011 and $1,000 in 2013 during her reelection. Ivanka Trump contributed $2,000 in 2014 for Harris' reelection campaign. [...] We rate this claim as TRUE, based on our research. Donald Trump and his daughter Ivanka donated to Harris' campaigns for California attorney general. Though Harris' spokesman said $6,000, as the meme suggests, was donated to a nonprofit group, the Trumps actually donated a total of $8,000. It is unclear whether Harris returned Ivanka Trump's contribution or similarly donated it. The donations to Harris' campaigns were given before Trump's 2016 election. [...] - Washington Examiner, July 31, 2019, \"Trump\u2019s $5,000 donation to Kamala Harris was at request of disgraced former NY attorney general.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"(The) top issue for college students is the economy.\"", "evidence": "The midterm election is right around the corner and the economy and abortion rights are the top issues of concern for college students according to a new survey by BestColleges.com. These issues are also ranked as the most important for Americans overall. BestColleges.com surveyed over 1000 students about their political beliefs and plans to vote. Thirty-seven percent (37%) of those surveyed noted the economy, inflation, and employment as the most important issues in this election. Students are worried about finding jobs, their future finances, and the growing cost of everything from housing to peanut butter. White college men, in particular, are overwhelmingly concerned about the economy, employment, and inflation, with almost half (49%) selecting these three issues as their top political issues \u2014 a significantly higher percentage than other demographic groups surveyed. Abortion rights, which have been the subject of heated national and local political campaigns, were ranked as a top concern by college students with 33% of those surveyed ranking these rights as a top issue. College women were particularly concerned about legislation having an impact on their bodies. While college men chose the economy as their top issue (44%), abortion rights were the most important issue for college women (43%), with women of color expressing the deepest concern. Only 21% of college men considered abortion rights an important issue. For college men, the economy, gun policy, healthcare, racial and ethnic inequality, and climate change all came out ahead of abortion rights as leading issues.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"(The) top issue for college students is the economy.\"", "evidence": "\"The everyday concerns of Americans are the economy \u2014 even young people that we work with at Young America's Foundation, our polling shows nationwide, their top issue for college students is the economy,\" Walker said. [...] Is Walker right that the \"top issue for college students is the economy\"? [...] The economy was the top issue for college students who participated in the group\u2019s poll. Wisconsin pollster Charles Franklin said the polling company is reputable and the questions were overall evenhanded.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Says since he took office, the City of Milwaukee has seen the creation of 7,000 new affordable housing units.", "evidence": "Mayor Tom Barrett said the city has created 7,000 new housing units since he took office in 2004. Data from Milwaukee\u2019s Department of City Development shows that as of October 2019, a total of 7,261 affordable housing units had been developed since Barrett took office. Barrett has faced criticism about focusing on apartment units instead of single-family homes or duplexes. The federal grants the city has used apply only to apartment developments.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Says since he took office, the City of Milwaukee has seen the creation of 7,000 new affordable housing units.", "evidence": "Downtown\u2019s population has reached 14,000 and should continue growing. A study I published in 2003 with Cleveland State University\u2019s Center for Housing Research and Policy found that in the waterfront cities of Chicago and Baltimore, 2.2 percent of their region\u2019s middle- and upper-income households lived downtown. The figures for Portland, Oregon, and Milwaukee were, respectively, 2.5 percent and 0.7 percent. If Cleveland\u2019s downtown had 2.5 percent, it would amount to around 10,000 households containing a population of nearly 20,000, which would support more stores, restaurants, and services. Including downtown residents whose income is below mid-level means a total population of 28,000 is possible. That would be double the current figure, or a community the size of Shaker Heights. Space for that many, and more, certainly exists. As downtown\u2019s population continues to grow, so will its attractiveness. I expect it to happen, as long as crime remains under control. But downtown alone will not be enough to offset citywide move-outs, which are likely to increase as regionwide homebuilding increases and enables more out-migration. (Around 4,000 homes were built in the region in both 2015 and 2016. A gradual increase to 7,000 or 8,000 units annually is likely.)", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe\u2019ve seen an 800% increase in the Swanton sector, which is the part of the northern border that I represent, in illegal crossings.\u201d", "evidence": "The agency\u2019s Swanton Sector in Vermont \u2014 covering parts of upstate New York and New Hampshire \u2014 requested a \"quick turnaround\" of agents from the already overwhelmed southern border to make their way north to volunteer for at least a month starting next week. [...] His sector said that the current fiscal year \u2014 which started in October \u2014 \"demonstrates an approximate 846% increase in encounters and apprehensions compared to the same period\" in the previous year. [...] The Swanton sector has seen families with young kids, even infants, crossing, and late last year provided life-saving aid in separate incidents in Vermont and upstate New York, Garcia said.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe\u2019ve seen an 800% increase in the Swanton sector, which is the part of the northern border that I represent, in illegal crossings.\u201d", "evidence": "SWANTON, Vt. (TND) \u2014 Congresswoman Elise Stefanik, R-N.Y., is blaming the Biden administration's failure to control immigration on the southern border for a major uptick in illegal border crossings along the U.S.-Canada border. Between October 1, 2022 and January 31, 2023, there has been a 846% increase in encounters and apprehensions along theSwanton Sector of the northern U.S. border compared to the same period a year ago. Total apprehensions and encounters in that region, which covers land in Vermont, New Hampshire and northeastern New York, during fiscal year 2023 have already surpassed the FY22 and FY21 totals combined, CBP added. [...] Stefanik said her office has been in contact with \"numerous\" families along the U.S.'s northern border who have recorded first-hand accounts of vast amounts of illegal crossings occurring on their own private property.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe\u2019ve seen an 800% increase in the Swanton sector, which is the part of the northern border that I represent, in illegal crossings.\u201d", "evidence": "\"We\u2019ve seen an 800% increase in the Swanton sector, which is the part of the northern border that I represent, in illegal crossings,\" Stefanik said on \"Sunday Morning Futures with Maria Bartiromo\" on Jan. 28. [...] Stefanik claimed that there has been at some point an 800% increase in illegal crossings in the Swanton sector of the U.S.-Canada border. Stefanik did not say which time period she was talking about. The increases in unauthorized crossings vary depending on the period, but there have been increases exceeding 800% at the border. The actual numbers of encounters remain very low compared with crossings at the southern border.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe racial wealth gap is the smallest it\u2019s been in 20 years.\u201d", "evidence": "A simple calculation puts the persistent and policy-driven black-white wealth gap into perspective. Consider that the racial wealth gap\u2014measured as the ratio of median black wealth to median white wealth\u2014slightly narrowed from 2013 to 2016. (see Table 1) If this pattern continued over time and with no major policy changes, it would take more than 20 years just to return to the racial wealth gap that existed in 1998. Moreover, it would take more than 200 years for median black wealth to equal median white wealth. Leaving wealth inequality to market forces would likely create a massive gulf in economic opportunity and security by race. That said, shrinking the black-white wealth gap in a meaningful way will undoubtedly require large, targeted policy interventions.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cWhen a basketball player or football or baseball player from another team plays in Wisconsin, that one game's salary, they pay Wisconsin income tax on it. ... So if for some reason we do not have the Brewers in Wisconsin all of those player salaries that generate dollars for the State of Wisconsin go away.\"", "evidence": "Many people perceive professional sports teams as beneficial for the local economy and essential to an area's civic identity. Professional sports teams have been credited with providing jobs and injecting millions of dollars into local economies. The presence of a professional sports franchise from one of the four major sports is often regarded as a prerequisite to becoming a \"big league\" city or state. As Wisconsin state representative Marlin Schneider joked in 1995, \"Without the Milwaukee Brewers, Milwaukee Bucks, and Green Bay Packers, [Wisconsin] ain't nothing but another Nebraska.\" With so much money and status on the line, professional sports teams have become highly sought after, and their movements from city to city have led to public outrage, lawsuits, and legislative proposals. The owners of professional sports teams have been able to obtain generous deals from city and state officials by threatening to move their franchises. If the owners do not receive the support they seek, they move their team to a more accommodating city. Typical benefits include the use of sports facilities at below-market rents and taxpayer funding for the construction and maintenance of new facilities. Most of the funding comes from the team's home state, but some funding comes from the federal government.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cPrices have increased over 17% in the last two years.\u201d", "evidence": "Highly experimental research, based on web-scraped supermarket data for 30 everyday grocery items, shows that the lowest-priced items have increased in cost by around 17% over the 12 months to September 2022: an increase from 7% over the 12 months to April 2022. [...] Vegetable oil showed the largest percentage increase and average price increase between April 2022 and September 2022, increasing 46% (80 pence per litre) during the period; in contrast, orange juice showed the largest decrease, decreasing 8% (6 pence per litre). [...] While there is a lot of variation at the individual item level, overall the lowest prices of the 30 everyday items, weighted by retailer and item, rose by 17% in the year to September 2022. This includes a 9% increase since our previous analysis in April 2022.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cPrices have increased over 17% in the last two years.\u201d", "evidence": "Lowest-cost groceries have become 17% more expensive in the past year, ONS data finds [...] The price of low-cost everyday grocery items has increased 17% in the 12 months to September, data from the Office of National Statistics (ONS) has shown, more than the average rate of food and drink inflation. [...] Some items increased by more than the 17% yearly rate. Vegetable oil has increased 65% in price, pasta 60% and tea 46%.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cPrices have increased over 17% in the last two years.\u201d", "evidence": "Americans are still struggling under the weight of inflation. Americans are paying more for just about everything\u2014groceries, rent, gas, energy. [...] Over the last two years, total inflation has increased by over 17 percent.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe are No. 1 among all large states in having fully vaccinated teenagers. We are No. 2 in all large states for having fully vaccinated five- to 11- year-olds.\u201d", "evidence": "We consulted data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which issues Covid-19 reports for each state. A report from Feb. 25 showed that 33.5% of children ages 5 to 11 and 71.2% of children ages 12 to 17 were fully vaccinated in New York State. Among large states, Illinois had a greater share of children ages 5 to 11 who were fully vaccinated, at 34.8%. Among children ages 12 to 17 in large states, New York had the largest share. [...] In two television interviews on Feb. 28, Hochul did not include \"among large states\" as a qualifier. Across the country, there are 10 states and the District of Columbia with higher rates of vaccination among children ages five to 11 who have had at least one dose, according to the analysis of CDC data from the American Academy of Pediatrics. The 10 states are: Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, Rhode Island, Vermont, Maine, Virginia, Minnesota, Hawaii, and Illinois. [...] Hochul said New York State ranked No. 1 one among large states in having fully vaccinated teenagers and No. 2 among large states for having fully vaccinated 5 to 11 year olds.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe are No. 1 among all large states in having fully vaccinated teenagers. We are No. 2 in all large states for having fully vaccinated five- to 11- year-olds.\u201d", "evidence": "Data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services back up Hochul's claim. New York is a leader among large states, though there are smaller states that have higher vaccination rates among children.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cIf you look at the hospitalizations at Ruby Memorial in West Virginia, and around the country, 90% to 95% of those hospitalized are unvaccinated.\u201d", "evidence": "If Your Time is short \u2022 Ruby Memorial Hospital confirmed that at the time of the remark, about 90% to 95% of those hospitalized for COVID-19 were unvaccinated. [...] Angela Knopf, director of media relations and public affairs for J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital, confirmed to PolitiFact West Virginia that at the time the faculty meeting was held on Sept. 1, about 90% to 95% of the patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were unvaccinated. [...] Ruby Memorial Hospital confirmed that at the time of her remark, about 90% to 95% of those hospitalized for COVID-19 were unvaccinated.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cIf you look at the hospitalizations at Ruby Memorial in West Virginia, and around the country, 90% to 95% of those hospitalized are unvaccinated.\u201d", "evidence": "U.S. News & World Report names J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital top hospital in West Virginia [...] MORGANTOWN, W.Va. \u2013 WVU Medicine J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital has been named the number one hospital in West Virginia for 2021-22 by U.S. News & World Report, which also recognized six WVU Medicine hospitals, including Ruby Memorial, as High Performing Hospitals. In the Specialties category, Ruby Memorial Hospital was recognized as High Performing in Neurology and Neurosurgery; Orthopaedics; Pulmonology and Lung Surgery; and Urology.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201c2022 was the biggest tourism year ever in West Virginia\u201d", "evidence": "The tourism industry in West Virginia had its highest-ever economic impactt in 2021, delivering in about $5 billion in total visitor expenditure. According to West Virginia Secretary of Tourism Chelsea Ruby, preliminary data indicates that tourist spending in 2022 will likely topped $5 billion for the first time, with much more increase predicted in the years following. [...] \"West Virginia\u2019s tourism industry depends on our workforce. We have the friendliest people you\u2019ll find anywhere, and \u2014 with these new training and education programs \u2014 we are committed to building the strongest tourism workforce in the nation,\" said Gov. Jim Justice when the program launched. \"I\u2019m thrilled to again see West Virginia leading the way with this bold workforce development program.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201c2022 was the biggest tourism year ever in West Virginia\u201d", "evidence": "WVPA Sharing Gov. Justice announces record $7 billion annual tourism impact for West Virginia in 2022 on September 16, 2023 More in WVPA Sharing: Vandalia Hospitals Awarded for Commitment to Excellence October 5, 2024 Column: Breast Cancer Awareness is a time for action October 5, 2024 Gov. Justice announces launch of West Virginia Paranormal Trail October 4, 2024 Tourism industry reports more than 53,000 West Virginia jobs, one out of every 16 in the state WV Press Release SharingDAVIS, W.Va. \u2014 West Virginia Gov. Jim Justice this week joined more than 300 tourism-industry members to announce West Virginia\u2019s best tourism year ever, with the industry\u2019s economic impact exceeding $7 billion last year. That number represents a 17% increase in visitor spending compared to pre-pandemic levels, far higher than the United States\u2019 overall 1% post-pandemic tourism recovery.West Virginia saw more visitors last year, and those visitors spent more money than they had in previous years. Tourism Economics, an Oxford Economics company that measures tourism spending and economic impact, found that visitors to the state had direct spending of $5.3 billion last year, an all-time high.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Milwaukee's Marcus Performing Arts Center \u2013 where 'The Daily Show' had been scheduled \u2013 \u201cwas originally located in the \u2018soft perimeter,\u2019 they called it, security-wise\u201d but \u201cwas shifted, understandably so, to the \u2018hard perimeter.\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "Comedy Central\u2019s EMMY\u00ae Award-winning franchise will broadcast from the Marcus Performing Arts Center in Milwaukee, WI throughout the RNC and the Athenaeum Center for Thought & Culture in Chicago, IL during the DNC. The Daily Show\u2019s all-star News Team includes Ronny Chieng, Jordan Klepper, Michael Kosta, and Desi Lydic, alongside Dulc\u00e9 Sloan and Lewis Black with new additions Troy Iwata, Josh Johnson, and Grace Kuhlenschmidt. [...] Recent Press Releases by Marcus Performing Arts Center [...] Jun 24th, 2024 by Marcus Performing Arts CenterHighlights include Cirque Kalabant\u00e9, The Magic of Rob Lake, the return of The Hip Hop Nutcracker, and a one-night-only performance of the National Tour of The Cher Show", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Milwaukee's Marcus Performing Arts Center \u2013 where 'The Daily Show' had been scheduled \u2013 \u201cwas originally located in the \u2018soft perimeter,\u2019 they called it, security-wise\u201d but \u201cwas shifted, understandably so, to the \u2018hard perimeter.\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "Because of the attempt on Trump\u2019s life, Stewart said, the Marcus Performing Arts Center \u2013 where they were supposed to host the show \u2013 \"was originally located in the \u2018soft perimeter,\u2019 they called it, security-wise\" but \"was shifted, understandably so, to the \u2018hard perimeter.\u2019\" [...] Stewart claimed that the Marcus Performing Arts Center, where his team was set to tape episodes of \"The Daily Show\" during the RNC, was originally located in the \"soft\" security perimeter but \"was shifted, understandably so, to the \u2018hard perimeter.\u2019\" Though there were questions at the time \"The Daily Show\" pulled out of the trip to Milwaukee about whether the security perimeter would change, it did not ultimately change. The Marcus Center was not and still is not inside the \"hard perimeter\" as Stewart claimed.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says he has issued more pardons than \u201cany Wisconsin governor in contemporary history.\u201d", "evidence": "As of February 2022, Evers has issued 416 pardons since taking office. Only Gov. James Doyle came close to matching Evers\u2019s record at 326, according to the Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, but that was over an eight-year period. To find a governor to issue more pardons than Evers, you would have to go back to Gov. Julius Heil in 1939.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Says he has issued more pardons than \u201cany Wisconsin governor in contemporary history.\u201d", "evidence": "(The Center Square) \u2013 Wisconsin\u2019s governor has issued more pardons than any governor in modern history. Gov. Tony Evers last week issued another 171 pardons, bringing his four-year total to 774. [...] Evers pardoned more people in his first four years than any other Wisconsin governor, and his office said the governor has pardoned more people than \"any governor in contemporary history.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Kamala Harris has adopted the Nazi-rooted phrase \u201cStrength Through Joy\u201d as her campaign slogan.", "evidence": "Vice President Kamala Harris has spoken about joy on the campaign trail and at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. At an Aug. 6 campaign rally in Philadelphia, vice presidential candidate and Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz thanked Harris for \"bringing back the joy.\" But we found no instances of Harris saying the \"strength through joy\" phrase in her presidential campaign speeches. We also found no credible news articles about this phrase being her campaign slogan.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe passed 27 bills last year, which is the fewest since the Depression.\u201d", "evidence": "WASHINGTON, D.C. \u2014 Congress just wrapped up its least productive year since the Great Depression, passing just 27 bills that were signed into law. Of those 27, one law created a commemorative coin and two renamed medical centers. What You Need To Know - In 2023, Congress passed the fewest bills that were signed into law than any year since 1931 - Democrats and Republicans in both chambers blamed each other for the lack of legislation passed - Prospects remain dim for more legislation next year amid partisanship, intraparty fighting and politics of an election year The term \"Do Nothing Congress\" was famously coined by former President Harry S. Truman in 1948. That year, however, Congress passed 511 bills that were signed into law. For comparison, the last 10 Congresses averaged 391 bills signed into law per term.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe passed 27 bills last year, which is the fewest since the Depression.\u201d", "evidence": "That may seem like a fairly large number, especially after PolitiFact Wisconsin just found that Congress passed only 27 bills last year, the fewest since the Great Depression. However, onlookers of state government have pointed out that fewer bills now become law, especially with a Democratic governor and a Republican-led Legislature. [...] All of this creates a complicated picture of how productive state government was last session. But it\u2019s important context to keep in mind when state lawmakers talk about it this summer on the campaign trail.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe idea that there\u2019s political violence or violence in America like this is just unheard of.\u201d", "evidence": "And he said he had ordered an independent review of how security was handled at the political rally in Pennsylvania and would be speaking to the nation Sunday night. The White House said his address from the Oval Office would be at 8 p.m. ET. [...] \"There's no place in America for this kind of violence. It's sick. It's sick. It's one of the reasons why we have to unite this country,\" he said. \"... the idea that there's political violence or violence in America like this, is just unheard of, it's just not appropriate. We - everybody, everybody must condemn it,\" he said.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe idea that there\u2019s political violence or violence in America like this is just unheard of.\u201d", "evidence": "\"The idea that there\u2019s political violence \u2026 in America like this, is just unheard of, it\u2019s just not appropriate,\" said President Joe Biden, the backer of Israel\u2019s genocidal war against Palestine, with a death toll that researchers believe could reach 186,000 Palestinians. Biden\u2019s narrower point was correct, though: Deadly attacks on the American ruling class are vanishingly rare these days. Political violence that is not \"like this\" \u2014 the political violence of organized abandonment, poverty, militarized borders, police brutality, incarceration, and deportation \u2014 is commonplace. [...] And condemn it, most everyone in the Democratic political establishment has: \"Political violence is absolutely unacceptable,\" wrote Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., on X. \"There is absolutely no place for political violence in our democracy,\" tweeted former President Barack Obama, who oversaw war efforts and military strikes against Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Yemen, Somalia, and Pakistan with massive civilian death tolls; Obama added that we should \"use this moment to recommit ourselves to civility and respect in our politics.\" \"There is no place for political violence, including the horrific incident we just witnessed in Pennsylvania,\" wrote Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y. [...] As author Ben Ehrenreich noted on X, \"There is no place for political violence against rich, white men. It is antithetical to everything America stands for.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe idea that there\u2019s political violence or violence in America like this is just unheard of.\u201d", "evidence": "Examples of political violence against U.S. presidents date back to Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Lawmakers, presidents and political candidates have also been targeted. U.S. Rep. Gabby Giffords, D-Ariz., was injured in a 2011 shooting and Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., was injured in a 2017 shooting. The Jan. 6, 2021, assault on the U.S. Capitol is an example of political violence on a wider scale. Some rioters chanted to \"hang\" Vice President Mike Pence.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"The Trump administration handed out taxpayer dollars to a foreign company. Hundreds of homes and farms were bulldozed, and over $500 million in taxpayer dollars were wasted preparing for Foxconn.\"", "evidence": "It might be funny, she added \u2014 except that local and state governments spent roughly $500 million to buy land, bulldoze houses and build infrastructure for an unfulfilled manufacturing megasite that was supposed to include dozens of futuristic buildings and a factory to produce flat-panel displays for televisions. [...] By the time the Foxconn deal was slimmed down, the Village of Mount Pleasant and Racine County had already borrowed more than a combined $300 million to buy land and lay water and sewer pipes required by the originally promised LCD factory. State taxpayers and a local utility, meanwhile, were in the process of spending nearly $300 million on roads and power lines, according to the Wisconsin Legislative Fiscal Bureau. [...] Soon after the initial grand promises, Foxconn began repeatedly changing plans for the site, throwing out so many ideas that locals lost track. First it said the LCD factory would be scaled down to produce smaller flat-panel displays. Then, even as houses were being demolished in early 2019, a Foxconn executive told Reuters: \"In Wisconsin we\u2019re not building a factory.\" A conversation with Trump prompted the company to backtrack again and recommit to an LCD plant.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "During his tenure as mayor of New York City, \u201cstreet homelessness decreased by 28 percent.\u201d", "evidence": "The Bergen Street shelter was one of the first announced under \"Turning the Tide on Homelessness,\" Mayor Bill de Blasio\u2019s ambitious, five-year plan to revamp the way New York\u2019s shelter system operates. With a long-term goal of reducing the homeless population by 2,500 people (or about four percent of the then-total of 60,000), the plan also aims to end the use of commercial hotels for shelter; shutter all of the city\u2019s shelter units in privately-owned, often far-flung apartments called cluster sites; and replace them with 90 new, purpose-built shelters with on-site supportive services. The idea, the mayor argued, was only fair; get rid of an ad-hoc network of shelter units in favor of high-quality facilities distributed more equitably throughout the boroughs. [...] Banks acknowledges the \"problem of affordability\" is the backdrop for homelessness in New York, and many other large cities. But he contends homeless prevention efforts, addressing street homelessness, and rehousing with rental assistance and social service programs \"are all transforming the system\" in the city. During the de Blasio administration, evictions are down 27 percent, which he attributes to a boost in funding for legal help for tenants, and the city says it has helped 95,000 people stay in their homes through new rental assistance programs.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "During his tenure as mayor of New York City, \u201cstreet homelessness decreased by 28 percent.\u201d", "evidence": "City data show that street homelessness decreased by 28 percent from when counting began in 2005 until Bloomberg's last year in office. Experts warned that counts of people living on the street can be flawed. \u200bMost people experiencing homelessness in New York live in shelters, where populations rose dramatically.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "During his tenure as mayor of New York City, \u201cstreet homelessness decreased by 28 percent.\u201d", "evidence": "If Your Time is short - City data show that street homelessness decreased by 28 percent from when counting began in 2005 until Bloomberg's last year in office. [...] On his campaign website, Bloomberg claims that during his tenure, \"street homelessness decreased by 28 percent.\" \"As Mayor of New York City, Mike led one of the nation\u2019s most ambitious affordable housing plans, implementing several initiatives that have been replicated in cities around the country. During his tenure, street homelessness decreased by 28% and more than 170,000 affordable homes were built or preserved,\" his site states.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The GOP-controlled Legislature has \"refused to act on at least 150\" appointees of Gov. Tony Evers.", "evidence": "9:44 AM CT on 2/4/21 (AP) The Republican-controlled Wisconsin Assembly is scheduled Thursday to vote on repealing the statewide mask mandate issued by Democratic Gov. Tony Evers, but the order will remain in effect until the state Senate concurs. [...] The Supreme Court could end the legislative back and forth with a ruling that says Evers must get lawmakers\u2019 approval every 60 days. The court could also say he doesn\u2019t need approval, which would then force the Legislature to repeal every order Evers issues if Republicans disagree with it. [...] Evers also promised during his speech to present a package of legislation addressing the virus. He did not say what measures the bills would enact. Republicans control the Legislature but hasn't met since April, when it passed a coronavirus aid package. Pressure has been building for the GOP to act but so far Republican leaders haven't signaled they plan to do anything.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The GOP-controlled Legislature has \"refused to act on at least 150\" appointees of Gov. Tony Evers.", "evidence": "The ruling came after the GOP-controlled state legislature challenged Evers\u2019 order. The state Supreme Court split 4-2 along ideological lines, with Justice Daniel Kelly, who is up for reelection in Tuesday\u2019s balloting, abstaining. [...] \"The clerks of this state should stand ready to proceed with the election,\" state House Speaker Robin Vos and state Senate Majority Leader Scott Fitzgerald said in a joint statement upon appealing Evers\u2019 order. \"The governor\u2019s executive order is clearly an unconstitutional overreach.\" [...] Evers had called the state legislature back for a special session and asked them to act to postpone the election on Friday. The GOP-controlled legislature declined to do so, gaveling in and out of sessions in a matter of minutes on Saturday and earlier on Monday.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The GOP-controlled Legislature has \"refused to act on at least 150\" appointees of Gov. Tony Evers.", "evidence": "Chris Larson stated on November 9, 2023 in X, formerly Twitter: Says expanding Medicaid in Wisconsin would save the state $530 million, which could pay for 3,287 K-12 teachers, or 7.8 educators per district. Chris Larson stated on September 10, 2021 in Twitter: The GOP-controlled Legislature has \"refused to act on at least 150\" appointees of Gov. Tony Evers. Chris Larson stated on November 9, 2020 in Twitter: \"Jurisdictions representing about 80% of WI residents have passed referendums or resolutions in favor of fair maps.\" Chris Larson stated on September 23, 2020 in a tweet: \"(Republicans) have the power to overturn the (state of emergency) order by joint resolution and they refuse to do it.\" Chris Larson stated on August 24, 2020 in Facebook post: Police are \"20.8 times more likely to kill than be killed by a criminal.\" [...] Chris Larson stated on September 10, 2021 in Twitter: The GOP-controlled Legislature has \"refused to act on at least 150\" appointees of Gov. Tony Evers.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe're having the largest classes of correctional officers we've ever had before.\u201d", "evidence": "Yes, Wisconsin correctional officer training classes are largest they\u2019ve ever been [...] The state Department of Corrections graduated its largest training class ever in February with 214 graduates. [...] During a TV interview, Evers claimed pay raises for correctional officers had led to \"the largest classes of correctional officers we've ever had before.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe're having the largest classes of correctional officers we've ever had before.\u201d", "evidence": "Correctional officers maintain order and calm in detention centers, jails, and prisons. Before deciding on this career path, it\u2019s important to understand the necessary education and training. This guide will also reveal how to complete your education online and tips to land your first job. Correctional officers are critical to maintaining order and peace in jails, prisons, and other detention facilities. To be qualified to oversee and manage incarcerated individuals, correctional officers must complete the proper education before starting the job. Although a formal degree is not always required to work in corrections, officers need to undergo in-depth training to handle detainees. Before choosing which level education to pursue, it\u2019s good to evaluate where you want your career to go. To help, we have created this guide to breakdown your options, provide an overview of the career, and help you decide if you have what it takes to become a correctional officer. [...] The vast majority of new correctional officers will have to attend a training academy at some point. The only question is when. Some may choose to enroll as tuition-paying students, as if they\u2019re attending a conventional college program, then seek a job upon graduation. But in most situations, enrollees will already have a job with a correctional department and attend the training academy to complete the professional requirements to be qualified for it.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "New York is \"leading the nation with the lowest imprisonment rate of any large state\u201d", "evidence": "Federal data on imprisonment rates supports the claim that New York has the lowest rate among states with populations of more than 10 million people. Imprisonment rates in some smaller states, including Massachusetts, Maine, and Minnesota, are lower than the rate in New York.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "New York is \"leading the nation with the lowest imprisonment rate of any large state\u201d", "evidence": "More remarkably, as the crime and murder rates declined, so did the jail population. Currently, there are less than 6,000 people incarcerated\u2014a reduction of 16,000 or 73% in the jail population. Clearly, NYC has shown that crime and jail populations can be drastically reduced at the same time. Both the current NYC murder rate (4.5 per 100,000) and the jail incarceration rate (66 per 100,000) are well below the national rates (6.5 murder and 192 jail rates). NYC also has one of the lowest incarceration rates for Black people in the nation. If the rest of the country could match New York City\u2019s rates of Black Incarceration, the national jail population would decline by about 400,000 and there would be about 5,000 fewer murders per year.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "BBC News published a graphic quoting President Joe Biden saying, \u201cLet me say this as clearly and simply as I can: [inaudible].\u201d", "evidence": "In July 2024, a viral post purported to share a real graphic from British broadcaster BBC News, quoting U.S. President Joe Biden as saying \"inaudible\" during a speech, as though reading from a teleprompter. The graphic included an image of Biden speaking, with the caption below reading: \"Let me say this as clearly and simply as I can: [inaudible].\" The above image was edited to appear like a BBC News graphic, but it was not real. We found no evidence of such an image on BBC News' official social media accounts. The statement in question on the graphic is also inaccurate, as Biden was not inaudible at that moment in his speech. As such, we rate this graphic as \"Fake.\" We found the authentic graphic of Biden on BBC's Instagram account. The graphic quotes Biden as saying, \"Let me say this as clearly and simply as I can: I'm running.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cRight now, two-thirds of the U.S. Senate is composed of millionaires.\u201d", "evidence": "The annual salary of each senator, since 2009, is $174,000;[40] the president pro tempore and party leaders receive $193,400.[40][41] In 2003, at least 40 senators were millionaires;[42] by 2018, over 50 senators were millionaires (partly due to inflation).[43] [...] - ^ Sean Loughlin and Robert Yoon (June 13, 2003). \"Millionaires populate U.S. Senate\". CNN. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2006. - ^ \"Wealth of Congress\". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 12, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2018.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cRight now, two-thirds of the U.S. Senate is composed of millionaires.\u201d", "evidence": "As of 2018, the last year when lawmakers filled out financial disclosures, 61 were worth $1 million Many of the newly-elected members of the Senate are also millionaires", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "List shows settlements Donald Trump made to 10- to 13-year-old victims of child sex crimes.", "evidence": "Woman suing Trump over alleged teen rape drops suit, again A woman who accused Donald Trump of raping her two decades ago when she was a 13-year-old aspiring teen model has again dropped a federal lawsuit over the alleged assaults. [...] Doe named Trump and Epstein as defendants in the suits and says they knew she was well under 17 \u2014 the age of consent. \"I understood that both Mr. Trump and Mr. Epstein knew that I was 13 years old,\" she wrote.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "List shows settlements Donald Trump made to 10- to 13-year-old victims of child sex crimes.", "evidence": "(1) Michael Parker, 10-years old, oral rape, Mar-a-Lago, Palm Beach, FL, 1992. Trump paid his parents a $3 million settlement. [...] (4) Rebecca Conway, 13-years old, intercourse and oral sex. Trump Vineyard Estates, Charlottesville, VA, 2012, $5 million settlement. [...] Of course, it's also possible to make accusations, claims, or demands against a party and reach settlement of them without resorting to filing lawsuits first. But that scenario would require us to believe, incredibly, that at least six different children between the ages of 10 and 13 reported that they had been raped by Trump, but not a single parent in any of those cases submitted a police report or criminal complaint, sought redress in civil court, or ever spoke publicly about their child's experience -- every single one of them simply approached Trump privately and demanded large sums of money from him to keep quiet, and he complied.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kamala Harris \"co-sponsored, fully sponsored\" the Green New Deal.", "evidence": "When senators introduced their version of the Green New Deal in February 2019, Harris was one of 11 Democrats who were original co-sponsors. In a Medium post published the day the resolution was introduced, Harris wrote that she was \"proud\" to have signed on as an original Senate co-sponsor.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Project 2025 mandates women carry \u201cperiod passports\u201d to \u201ctrack their menstrual cycles\u201d and \u201cmonitor pregnancies.\u201d", "evidence": "Those plans \u2014 and many more, including proposals to attack contraception access, use the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to increase \"abortion surveillance\" and data collection, rescind a Department of Defense policy to \"prohibit abortion travel funding,\" punish states that require health insurance plans to cover abortion, and retool a law that is currently protecting pregnant women with life-threatening conditions \u2014 are outlined in Project 2025\u2019s \"Mandate for Leadership.\" Project 2025 is an initiative of the Heritage Foundation, a rightwing think tank that has helped staff and set the agenda for every Republican administration since Ronald Reagan. It describes Project 2025 as \"the conservative movement\u2019s unified effort to be ready for the next conservative administration to govern at 12:00 noon, January 20, 2025.\" [...] Project 2025, meanwhile, is already pre-screening applicants for jobs in the next Republican administration, filtering out candidates based on their answers to a list of questions, including whether they agree or disagree with the statement: \"Life has a right to legal protection from conception to natural death.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Project 2025 mandates women carry \u201cperiod passports\u201d to \u201ctrack their menstrual cycles\u201d and \u201cmonitor pregnancies.\u201d", "evidence": "This claim originated on a satirical X account. Project 2025 is a policy agenda created by conservative groups in the hope that former President Donald Trump will enact it should he win the presidency in November. The agenda does not call for women to carry period passports.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Associated Press reported \u201cprosecutors are reconsidering bringing charges against former President Donald J. Trump on child rape and molestation charges.\u201d", "evidence": "A post shared on Facebook claims AP News reported that charges of child rape and molestation have been brought against former President Donald Trump. [...] A Facebook post claims AP News has reported that child molestation charges have been brought against Trump. \"BREAKING NEWS Prosecutors Are Reconsidering Bringing Charges Against Former President Donald J. Trump On Child Rape And Molestation Charges. @mjfree \u2013 AP News,\" the post reads. There is no evidence for this claim, however. Check Your Fact found no credible news reports from AP News or other outlets about Trump being accused of child molestation. The alleged story cannot be found through a search of the AP News website or its social media accounts. (RELATED: Photo Of Donald Trump Is Edited To Make Him Look Larger)", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "C-sections are coded as abortions in hospitals.", "evidence": "No, US hospitals do not code C-sections as abortions [...] In response to a June 27 Threads post about the rarity of nine-month abortions, one user wrote that, \"Technically there is. It\u2019s called a cesarean section, also know(n) as a c-section. Coded in hospitals as an abortion. Remember abortion means termination/ending of a pregnancy and not murdering a child.\" [...] A Threads post said C-sections are coded as \"abortions\" in hospitals.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "C-sections are coded as abortions in hospitals.", "evidence": "A cesarean section, commonly known as a C-section, is a surgical procedure that delivers a fetus through incisions in the mother's abdomen. C-sections have their own procedural codes for tracking and insurance that cover this type of delivery. These codes do not mention abortion. C-sections can be risky and are not typically used to facilitate abortions, health experts said.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Under Joe Biden, there are \u201crecord numbers of new Black entrepreneurs\u201d", "evidence": "U.S. Census Bureau and the Federal Reserve Board datasets found record levels of Black business ownership in 2021 and 2022, the most recent year available. Independent analyses show some of President Joe Biden\u2019s policies laid the groundwork for the increases.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Under Joe Biden, there are \u201crecord numbers of new Black entrepreneurs\u201d", "evidence": "President Biden Takes Credit For Prompting Financial Boom For Black-Owned Small Businesses This Year [...] During a Milwaukee event, President Joe Biden took credit for creating a financial boom for Black-owned small businesses. On Dec 20, he brought to the forefront some of the Biden-Harris administration\u2019s investments that have generated considerable revenue for Black entrepreneurs. [...] Since he and Vice President Kamala Harris were elected, Biden claimed that a record number of 15 million new applicants to start businesses surfaced. Black households with business ownership particularly doubled between 2019 and 2022.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Under Joe Biden, there are \u201crecord numbers of new Black entrepreneurs\u201d", "evidence": "What about \"record numbers of new Black entrepreneurs\"? Biden has made similar comments a few times recently, including in campaign speeches Jan. 27 in South Carolina and Feb. 4 in Las Vegas. Data supports the claim that the prevalence of Black-owned small businesses has reached record levels under Biden, based on available data since 1989. [...] A Biden campaign ad said that during his presidency, there have been \"record numbers of new Black entrepreneurs.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cDisney and Google bought the rights to the first King James Bible.\u201d", "evidence": "An old rumor that Disney bought the rights to the Bible has re-emerged online, so where did this start, and what is actually going on? Here\u2019s Disney Fanatic\u2019s fact-check and deep dive! [...] It appears the origin of the rumor dates back to 2018 when the satire site The Babylon Bee released an article claiming that Disney bought the rights to The Bible and planned to make 37 sequels. The site also seemingly republished this article on social media periodically as it also surfaced on X, formerly Twitter, in 2019. [...] Disney Buys Rights To The Bible, Plans 37 Sequelshttps://t.co/vPgT4kulGD \u2014 The Babylon Bee (@TheBabylonBee) July 9, 2019", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Texas and Florida have a \u201cbalanced budget\u201d while California is \u201cin debt $54 billion and New York is \u201cin debt $6.1 billion.\u201d", "evidence": "States commonly take on debt to pay for construction and environmental projects. Debt is not the same as a budget shortfall. All four states have debt. The amount of state budget shortfalls due to the pandemic is a moving target. States can have debt and a balanced budget.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Texas and Florida have a \u201cbalanced budget\u201d while California is \u201cin debt $54 billion and New York is \u201cin debt $6.1 billion.\u201d", "evidence": "The California and New York results illustrate the importance of having information on actual IGTs in examining issues related to the current distribution of Medicaid DSH funds. Across-the-board assumptions such as those made Chapter 4 regarding the proportion of DSH funds that are \"new\" are not substantiated at the hospital-level. CMS should consider expanding the state DSH reports to obtain information on provider contributions to DSH pools as well as the payments from those pools to individual hospitals. [...] The \"snapshot\" approach of looking at one year's data may not be sufficient for an adequate understanding of the financial implications of serving low-income patients. In California, the FY1998 payments included payments from the state's fiscal year 1997 and thus overstated the average DSH payments. The New York indigent care pool was in transition during FY1998 and additional changes were enacted in 2000. Wisconsin's uncompensated care costs have increased 60 percent since 1997. Only the first-year impacts of the Balanced Budget Amendment are reflected in the FY1998 data. These considerations suggest that a multi-year study- perhaps with periodic updating- would be appropriate.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Texas and Florida have a \u201cbalanced budget\u201d while California is \u201cin debt $54 billion and New York is \u201cin debt $6.1 billion.\u201d", "evidence": "Sen. John Cornyn says 49 states have a balanced budget amendment in their state constitutions [...] An appendix in the report lists 45 states, including Texas, with a constitutional citation concerning a balanced budget requirement, and four states that have a statutory requirement. Vermont is the only state with neither. The information comes from the legislative fiscal staff in each state, said Ron Snell, director of state services at NCSL. [...] More substantively, the report notes that there's no consensus on which states have or do not have balanced-budget laws. That is, not every state has an explicit requirement that state expenditures not exceed projected revenue. The report names Wyoming, North Dakota and Alaska as states whose balanced-budget requirements are debated.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says Joe Biden \u201chas issued more executive fiats than anyone in such a short period of time, ever, more than Obama, more than Trump, more than anyone.\u201d", "evidence": "James S. Brady Press Briefing Room 12:37 P.M. EST [...] Q Does the President think Mr. Trump should do more than he has in this area? [...] Q I haven\u2019t -- I don\u2019t recall the President doing anything like that in the last eight years. Has he -- would he do something like that? Would President Obama do something like that?", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says Joe Biden \u201chas issued more executive fiats than anyone in such a short period of time, ever, more than Obama, more than Trump, more than anyone.\u201d", "evidence": "No president has assaulted individual liberty, free enterprise, and social harmony like Trump has [...] But CEI didn't even take into account the worst aspect of Trump's regulatory overreach: His unprecedented assaults on immigration almost entirely by executive fiat and administrative means. [...] None of this is to suggest that libertarians won't have their work cut out for them in the event of a Biden victory, particularly when it comes to stopping the advance of the soft tyranny of the regulatory state that Democrats have come to embrace. But Trump with his authoritarian taste for the hard power of the police state is an existential threat to libertarian ideals.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\"For 18 months under President Trump, not a single American was harmed in Afghanistan.\u201d", "evidence": "CLAIM: When former President Donald Trump was in charge, 18 months went by in Afghanistan when \"we didn\u2019t lose one American soldier.\" [...] THE FACTS: While speaking in Austin, Texas, on Saturday, Trump claimed while discussing the U.S. war in Afghanistan: \"When I was in charge, in 18 months, we didn\u2019t lose one American soldier.\" \"In 18 months in Afghanistan, we lost nobody,\" he later emphasized after mentioning that day\u2019s deadly shooting in Buffalo, New York, in which a white gunman killed 10 Black people in a supermarket.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\"For 18 months under President Trump, not a single American was harmed in Afghanistan.\u201d", "evidence": "Defense Department data shows an 18-month stretch with no U.S. service member combat deaths in Afghanistan after then-President Donald Trump and the Taliban reached a deal to end the war in late February 2021. That includes seven months of President Joe Biden\u2019s administration. There were three service members wounded in combat and four troops who died in noncombat-related deaths during the Trump administration after the deal with the Taliban was reached.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cWNBA organizers have officially announced an investigation into the referees in all of Caitlin Clark's games for ignoring all dirty actions by her opponents against her.\u201d", "evidence": "One day after the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority announced an unprecedented $1.2 million sponsorship of the dozen Aces, the WNBA announced it was opening an investigation into the deal. [...] Davis said the WNBA using the word investigation could have a chilling effect on other potential sponsors both in Las Vegas and other markets. [...] \"Nike is an owner of the WNBA and they're allowed to sponsor Caitlin Clark for $28 million on one player. And nobody's complaining or investigating,\" Davis said. \"And I think it's great that Nike's doing that. But let's give credit to where credit's due: Las Vegas Convention Authority is stepping up and recognizing these women.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cWNBA organizers have officially announced an investigation into the referees in all of Caitlin Clark's games for ignoring all dirty actions by her opponents against her.\u201d", "evidence": "Authorities arrested 4 people in connection with the caseGemini and Scorpio compatibility: What to know about the 2 signs coming togetherComfy flats, lightweight dresses and more Amazon spring fashion finds \u2014 starting at just $10Taylor Swift reacts to Ryan Gosling singing her song on \u2018SNL\u2019 with Emily BluntCaitlin Clark says she\u2019s \u2018confident\u2019 going into WNBA future: \u2018I've earned to be in this moment\u2019Caitlin Clark on making time for her young fans: \u2018That never gets old\u2019Scottie Scheffler wins the 2024 Masters Tournament, joining select group of golfers who have earned the title twiceOlivia Rodrigo re-creates Gwen Stefani\u2019s style to join No Doubt onstage at CoachellaRyan Gosling is still tortured by the Papyrus font in sequel to fan-favorite \u2018SNL\u2019 skitJill Duggar Dillard and husband Derick Dillard announce stillbirth of daughter at 4 monthsDua Lipa set to host and perform on 'SNL' following Ryan Gosling's appearanceMegan Fox says she thinks \u2018Love Is Blind\u2019 star Chelsea Blackwell is \u2018telling the truth\u2019 about look-alike commentsCaitlin Clark roasts Michael Che in hilarious \u2018Weekend Update\u2019 appearanceTravis Kelce and Taylor Swift pack on the PDA while dancing to \u2018Karma\u2019 at CoachellaBrittney Griner and wife Cherelle Griner are expecting their first childIran launches attack on Israel that risks sparking", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cResearch illustrates a clear correlation between vitamin D deficiencies and (higher) COVID-19 mortality rates.\u201d", "evidence": "There were data sets from 10 countries that fitted the criteria and were analyzed. Severe vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D less than 25 nmol/L (10 ng/dL). Pearson correlation analysis between death rate per million of population from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency showed a strong correlation with r = 0.79, p = 0.007. Over time, correlation strengthened, and r coefficient asymptotically increased. After adjusting for countries\u2019 age structure and per capita health expenditures, multiple linear regression analysis showed that higher prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased mortality. Each 1% increase in prevalence increased deaths by 55 per million (95% confidence interval, CI 8\u2013102), p = 0.03. [...] Data collected shows a strong and significant correlation between prevalence of severe Vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 deaths per million in European countries. The correlation is asymptotically getting stronger over time, making it even less likely to be caused by a random chance. This is consistent with US and UK trends that show the mortality rate from COVID-19 is higher in dark-skinned and obese individuals than in general population, as these individuals are at higher risk for vitamin D deficiency. [...] There is a strong correlation between prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency and the mortality rate per million from COVID-19 in the European countries. The authors recommend for physicians to universally screen for vitamin D deficiency, and recommend further investigation of vitamin D supplementation in randomized control studies, which may lead to possible treatment or prevention of COVID-19.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 returns after 10-year mystery\"", "evidence": "Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 vanished 10 years ago today. What have we learned about what happened? Malaysia's government has said it may authorize a new hunt for the missing Malaysia Airlines flight 370 a decade after the plane and all 239 passengers and crew on board disappeared on March 8, 2014. What happened to MH370 after it departed Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, en route to Beijing remains one of aviation's biggest mysteries. [...] Ocean Infinity recently suggested it could resume the \"no find, no fee\" search for MH370, though Malaysia has said it will only do so if there is credible new evidence of where it might be located.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 returns after 10-year mystery\"", "evidence": "For the families of those on board these have been 10 years of inescapable grief, battling to keep the search going, to find out exactly what happened to MH370, and why. [...] Over 10 years, the lives of those affected have moved on, yet they also feel chained to the missing plane. [...] Ten years after Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 and its 239 passengers and crew vanished, can new evidence help locate the plane and finally solve aviation's greatest mystery?", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says a 1942 Milwaukee YMCA brochure shows children playing a violent, racist carnival game", "evidence": "This image is authentic and shows a 1942 YMCA brochure for Camp Minikani, a children's summer camp in Wisconsin. \"Hit the Nigger Baby\" (also known as \"The Black Dodger\" or \"Hit the Coon\") was a common fairground game in which players hurled objects (usually eggs or baseballs) at African-American people serving as human targets. According to the Jim Crow Museum at Ferris State University, \"It sounds like a common carnival target game, but there was one unsettling part of the game, namely, the game's target was a real live human being, a 'negro' human being.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Says a 1942 Milwaukee YMCA brochure shows children playing a violent, racist carnival game", "evidence": "The game, with a banner including the n-word, was advertised in a 1942 brochure for Camp Minikani, in Washington County. This barbaric game was played widely at local fairs and carnivals from the 1800s into the mid-1900s, often using humans as targets. Newspaper accounts from the era casually reference the \"dodgers\" being badly injured and even killed.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Says a 1942 Milwaukee YMCA brochure shows children playing a violent, racist carnival game", "evidence": "People who are still living today played horribly racist games at carnivals and kids\u2019 camps [...] Posts have been circulating on social media showing an old, black-and-white photo of kids playing a game called \"Hit the N****r Baby,\" where they throw baseballs at black people's heads for fun. Such carnival games, also known as \"African Dodger,\" \"Hit the Negro,\" or \"Hit the Coon,\" were still played as late as the 1950s. Snopes says that the \"Hit the N****r Baby\" photo came from a 1942 YMCA brochure for Camp Minikani, a children's summer camp in Wisconsin. So not only was this game played, but it was acceptable enough to have been included in a freaking camp brochure.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cR. Kelly has been released from United States of America Federal Prison, Chicago.\u201d", "evidence": "Despite what is being shared on social media, Kelly has not been released from jail. Records from the Federal Bureau of Prisons show Kelly is in custody awaiting trial. [...] The claim that Kelly was released from jail is FALSE, based on our research. The image being used to make the claim is from March 2019, when he was released from jail after child support payments owed to his ex-wife were paid. Prison records show Kelly is still in custody at Chicago's Metropolitan Correctional Center. - United States Department of Justice, July 12, 2019, Recording Artist R. Kelly Arrested on Federal Child Pornography and Obstruction Charges - Associated Press Images, March 9, 2019, APTOPIX R KELLY CHICAGO - CBS Chicago, March 9, 2019, R. Kelly Released From Cook County After Arrest For Failing To Pay Child Support - ABC 7 Chicago, June 8, R. Kelly's lawyers request to withdraw from NY racketeering trail; others say they were fired - Federal Bureau of Prisons, accessed June 9, Find an inmate - Associated Press, April 15, Judge allows R. Kelly to be moved to NYC for sex-trafficking trial after several delays - PolitiFact, June 4, An old photo of R. Kelly leaving jail is being shared online but the singer is still in custody", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cR. Kelly has been released from United States of America Federal Prison, Chicago.\u201d", "evidence": "CHICAGO (CBS) -- R. Kelly has been moved to a prison in North Carolina to serve his sentences prison sentence of more than 30 years. The Federal Bureau of Prisons confirmed Kelly \u2013 whose full name is Robert Sylvester Kelly \u2013 was moved on Wednesday of last week from the Metropolitan Correctional Center in Chicago to the Federal Correctional Institution in Butner, North Carolina. [...] Kelly, 56, could be eligible for release from prison when he's a little over 79 years old.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cR. Kelly has been released from United States of America Federal Prison, Chicago.\u201d", "evidence": "R. Kelly is still incarcerated, serving a 30-year prison sentence.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Republican U.S. Sen. Ron Johnson \u201ccalled climate change \u2018bull----\u2019 during a record heatwave\u201d and \u201craked in over $700k in fossil fuel cash.\u201d", "evidence": "Fact-check: Did Ron Johnson take $700,000 from fossil fuel industry? [...] In an Aug. 13, 2022, tweet, the League of Conservation Voters took aim at Johnson, saying he \"called climate change \u2018bull - - - -\u2019 during a record heatwave\" and \"raked in over $700k in fossil fuel cash.\" [...] The League of Conservation Voters claimed Johnson \"called climate change \u2018bull - - - -\u2019 during a record heatwave\" and \"raked in over $700k in fossil fuel cash.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\"President Zelenskyy\u2019s wife orders 4 million dollar Bugatti\u201d in Paris with U.S. tax money.", "evidence": "A claim that Ukrainian first lady Olena Zelenska preordered a $4 million luxury sports car while visiting France originated on a French website that was created June 22. A Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. spokesperson said Zelenska did not buy one of its vehicles. Ukraine\u2019s Center for Countering Disinformation called the claim Russian propaganda. Verite Cachee, where the claim first appeared, contains other articles that left instructions on how to write with a pro-Russia slant.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The city of San Francisco posted street signs warning that \u201cstolen goods must remain under $950.\u201d", "evidence": "City officials did not post street signs in San Francisco that appeared to warn thieves that \"stolen goods must remain under $950,\" the city\u2019s Board of Supervisors president said. The city has removed the signs. Proposition 47, a California ballot measure voters passed in 2014, lowered some nonviolent felony crimes to misdemeanors, including shoplifting, as long as items taken totaled less than $950. People convicted of that crime face six months in prison and/or fines of up to $1,000.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"86% of Americans and 82% of gun owners support requiring all gun buyers to pass a background check.\"", "evidence": "\"Statistic: 86% of Americans and 82% of gun owners support requiring all gun buyers to pass a background check, no matter where they buy the gun and no matter who they buy it from.\" [...] One of the survey\u2019s questions was: \"Do you support or oppose requiring a background check on all gun buyers?\" 86 percent of respondents said support, 7 percent said oppose, and 8 percent said unsure, according to the Giffords report on the poll. [...] A March 2019 poll conducted by Quinnipiac University found that 87 percent of national gun owners support \"requiring background checks for all gun owners.\" The poll surveyed 1,120 national voters and had a margin of error of plus or minus 3.4 percentage points.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"86% of Americans and 82% of gun owners support requiring all gun buyers to pass a background check.\"", "evidence": "Beth Wessel-Kroeshell stated on Jan. 22 in a published article that 86 percent of Americans and 82 percent of gun owners \"support requiring all gun buyers to pass a background check\" regardless of how they purchase them. [...] \"Statistic: 86% of Americans and 82% of gun owners support requiring all gun buyers to pass a background check, no matter where they buy the gun and no matter who they buy it from.\" [...] A March 2019 poll conducted by Quinnipiac University found that 87 percent of national gun owners support \"requiring background checks for all gun owners.\" The poll surveyed 1,120 national voters and had a margin of error of plus or minus 3.4 percentage points.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe weapons that Ukraine used in the early days of this war to fend off the Russian invasion are the weapons that Donald Trump sent, that Barack Obama and Joe Biden had refused to send.\u201d", "evidence": "\"A couple years ago, Obama was refusing to provide lethal aid to Ukraine, they were trying to do a reset. The Democrats lauded that. They viewed guys like me who are more of the (Ronald) Reagan school that\u2019s tough on Russia as kind of throwbacks to the Cold War. They criticized Mitt Romney in 2012. Now all of a sudden, because they\u2019re using it against Trump, they\u2019re so concerned about Russia. I think we should be concerned about them, but I think a lot of this stuff has reaped the politics from the day that election happened.\" [...] DeSantis refused to comment on Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine last year until it was five days in. When he did, he praised Ukrainian leadership. At the time, he said President Biden needed to act tougher and bring sanctions against Putin and Russia. [...] \"And yet, when I was in Congress when Obama was President, Obama refused to send weapons to Ukraine. When Trump was President, we sent weapons to Ukraine. Putin didn\u2019t like that very much. When Obama was President, Putin took Crimea. When Trump was President, they didn\u2019t take anything. And now Biden\u2019s President and they\u2019re rolling into Ukraine.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cNew York is one of only 12 states where the average gallon of gas costs more than $2.00.\u201d", "evidence": "A quiet city on the edge of the Ozarks is the only town in the entire country where the average price of gas is less than $2 a gallon. [...] The national average stands a $2.45 a gallon, the lowest since 2009. As of Friday, half of all states had at least one station selling gas for less than $2, twice as many as on Monday. And Alaska and Hawaii are the only two states with an average gas price above $3 a gallon.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cNew York is one of only 12 states where the average gallon of gas costs more than $2.00.\u201d", "evidence": "If Your Time is short \u2022 According to AAA data, New York was one of 12 states that had unleaded regular gasoline that cost more than $2.00 a gallon on April 27, as long as the District of Columbia is included as a state. [...] \"New York is one of only 12 states where the average gallon of gas costs more than $2.00, according to numbers provided by the AAA of Western and Central New York,\" the report said. [...] A news report cited the American Automobile Association in saying that \"New York is one of only 12 states where the average gallon of gas costs more than $2.00.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Chiefs' Coach Andy Reid \"fires 3 top players for anthem kneeling.\"", "evidence": "\"They Never Learn\": Coach Andy Reid Suspends 3 Players On The Spot For Anthem Kneeling [...] The ritual of players taking a knee during the national anthem has been a symbol of peaceful protest against racial injustice, with athletes using their platform to amplify social issues. However, Coach Andy Reid\u2019s recent decision to terminate three top players over this act has brought a new dimension to the ongoing discourse. [...] Coach Andy Reid\u2019s bold move to fire three top players for anthem kneeling has stirred the waters of the NFL, emphasizing the ongoing tension between sports and activism. This incident will likely leave a lasting impact on the league\u2019s approach to issues of expression, solidarity, and the role of athletes in advocating for social change. As the dust settles, the NFL faces a critical juncture in defining its stand on matters beyond the gridiron.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Chiefs' Coach Andy Reid \"fires 3 top players for anthem kneeling.\"", "evidence": "Chiefs\u2019 Coach Andy Reid Draws Line, Fires 3 Top Players For Anthem Kneeling: \"Stand for the Game, Not Against the Anthem\" Travis Kelce Andy Reid Coach Kneeling In a move that reverberated through the sports world and beyond, Kansas City Chiefs\u2019 Head Coach Andy Reid made headlines last week when he dismissed three of his top players from the team for kneeling during the national anthem. This decision, encapsulated in Reid\u2019s stern declaration \"Not on my field,\" has ignited a firestorm of debate, drawing attention to the ongoing struggle between sports, politics, and personal beliefs.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Chiefs' Coach Andy Reid \"fires 3 top players for anthem kneeling.\"", "evidence": "The ritual of players taking a knee during the national anthem has been a symbol of peaceful protest against racial injustice, with athletes using their platform to amplify social issues. However, Coach Andy Reid\u2019s recent decision to terminate three top players over this act has brought a new dimension to the ongoing discourse. [...] The abrupt termination of three top players sent shockwaves through the NFL community and beyond. Social media erupted with a mix of support and criticism for Coach Reid\u2019s decision. The move raised questions about the balance between freedom of expression and the expectations placed on athletes in their professional capacities. [...] Coach Andy Reid\u2019s bold move to fire three top players for anthem kneeling has stirred the waters of the NFL, emphasizing the ongoing tension between sports and activism. This incident will likely leave a lasting impact on the league\u2019s approach to issues of expression, solidarity, and the role of athletes in advocating for social change. As the dust settles, the NFL faces a critical juncture in defining its stand on matters beyond the gridiron.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cIt wasn\u2019t all women that lost jobs (in the December jobs report), it was mostly Black and Latina women. In fact, white women gained employment.\u201d", "evidence": "There was a net loss in jobs from November to December. Bureau of Labor Statistics data indicate that while women overall lost jobs, men overall gained jobs nationally. A separate Bureau of Labor Statistics survey indicates the number of employed white women increased, while the number of employed Hispanic or Latina women and Black women decreased.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cIt wasn\u2019t all women that lost jobs (in the December jobs report), it was mostly Black and Latina women. In fact, white women gained employment.\u201d", "evidence": "By December 2017, the unemployment rates for the four major race and ethnicity groups had returned to their prerecession levels. The rates for Blacks and Hispanics have remained higher than the rates for Whites and Asians. In December 2017, the unemployment rate for Blacks (6.8 percent) was 3.1 percentage points above that for Whites (3.7 percent) but the lowest in the series\u2019 history. The December 2017 rate for Hispanics (4.9 percent) was 1.2 percentage points higher than the rate for Whites but also little different from the series\u2019 low.5 The unemployment rate for Asians (2.5 percent) was 1.2 percentage points lower than that for Whites. [...] During the recession, employment declined sharply for all major race and ethnicity groups, but the decline was most pronounced among Blacks. The employment\u2013population ratio for Blacks declined by almost 7 percentage points during and after the recession. At the low point in July 2011, only about half (51.0 percent) of Blacks were employed. Consistent with historical patterns, Black men fared worse than did men of other race and ethnicity groups. In fact, from 2009 to 2011, their employment\u2013population ratio fell below the ratio for White women and was level with the ratio for Asian women. The ratio for Black women trended similarly to the ratios for women of other race and ethnicity groups.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cIt wasn\u2019t all women that lost jobs (in the December jobs report), it was mostly Black and Latina women. In fact, white women gained employment.\u201d", "evidence": "Sarah Godlewski stated on January 9, 2021 in Twitter: \"It wasn\u2019t all women that lost jobs (in the December jobs report), it was mostly Black and Latina women. Sarah Godlewski stated on March 3, 2024 in Public appearance: \"When it comes to how many votes (President) Joe Biden won, it was literally less than a few votes per ward.\" Sarah Godlewski stated on February 21, 2024 in X, formerly Twitter: \"One of my responsibilities as Secretary of State is to countersign acts passed by the legislature & signed into law by Gov. Evers.\" Sarah Godlewski stated on May 8, 2022 in Newspaper opinion piece: \"Fifty-four percent of Wisconsinites live in a child care desert.\" Sarah Godlewski stated on April 1, 2022 in Twitter: \"Ron Johnson is trying to let insurance companies deny coverage to people with pre-existing conditions like cancer, depression, pregnancy, diabetes\u2014or even COVID.\" Sarah Godlewski stated on February 18, 2022 in Campaign statement: \"Here in Wisconsin, prescription drug costs grew at a pace of nearly twice as much as the average Wisconsinite's income from 2015-2019.\" Sarah Godlewski stated on February 6, 2021 in a tweet: \"On average, 17% of a family\u2019s income goes towards child care in Wisconsin.\" Sarah Godlewski stated on January 9, 2021 in Twitter: \"It wasn\u2019t all women that lost jobs (in the December jobs report), it was mostly Black and Latina women.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A jury \u201cordered Disney and Lucasfilm to pay\u201d actor Gina Carano $115 million.", "evidence": "This claim originated on a self-described satire website. \"The Mandalorian\" actor Gina Carano has sued Disney for wrongful termination, but the lawsuit continues.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A jury \u201cordered Disney and Lucasfilm to pay\u201d actor Gina Carano $115 million.", "evidence": "A Facebook post published on January 19, 2023, claimed that actor Gina Carano was paid $115 million after she was \"Wrongfully Terminated\" from the Star Wars spin-off show The Mandalorian. The post links to an article that states: \"Disney Incorporated LLC will pay $115 million for wrongful termination, according to a jury in Orlando. [...] There appears to be no evidence that Gina Carano has received $115 million from Disney after she left the show in 2021. The article was published by America's Last Line of Defense, a parody news site.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Florida has \u201cthe highest\u201d homeowners insurance in the nation.", "evidence": "Trump is correct that Florida has the nation\u2019s costliest highest homeowners insurance. [...] The industry-funded Insurance Information Institute found that Floridians pay the highest average home insurance premium at $6,000 a year for 2023, Mark Friedlander, an institute spokesperson, told PolitiFact. That amount is 42% higher than 2022. [...] Trump said that Florida has \"the highest\" homeowners insurance in the nation.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Florida has \u201cthe highest\u201d homeowners insurance in the nation.", "evidence": "ST. JOHNS, Fla., June 23, 2022\u2014With its overabundance of unneeded new roofs on homes, and flashy lawyer billboards at every turn claiming massive settlements on claims, Florida\u2019s insurance market is on the verge of failure. Even more, this man-made catastrophe is causing financial strain on resident consumers, as the annual cost of an average Florida homeowners insurance policy will skyrocket to $4,231 in 2022, nearly three times more than the U.S. annual average of $1,544, according to an Insurance Information Institute (Triple-I) analysis. \"Floridians pay the highest homeowners insurance premiums in the nation for reasons having little to do with their exposure to hurricanes,\" said Sean Kevelighan, CEO, Triple-I. \"Floridians are seeing homeowners insurance become costlier and scarcer because for years the state has been the home of too much litigation and too many fraudulent roof replacement schemes. These two factors contributed enormously to the net underwriting losses Florida\u2019s homeowners insurers cumulatively incurred between 2016 and 2021.\" [...] The typical Florida homeowners insurance policyholder paid $2,505 for coverage in 2020, the Triple-I found, and that figure rose to $3,181 in 2021. Triple-I\u2019s analysis was based on data and analyses from Florida\u2019s OIR, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC), and Triple-I\u2019s estimates of what insurers are paying today for home replacement costs (e.g., lumber).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Florida has \u201cthe highest\u201d homeowners insurance in the nation.", "evidence": "ST. JOHNS, Fla., Aug. 9, 2022\u2014The turmoil in Florida\u2019s homeowners insurance market is being caused primarily by the state\u2019s outsized number of lawsuits and its commonplace fraud schemes, according to an Issues Brief published today by the Insurance Information Institute (Triple-I). \"Floridians are seeing homeowners\u2019 insurance become costlier and scarcer because for years the state has been the home of too much litigation and too many fraudulent roof-replacement schemes,\" said Sean Kevelighan, CEO, Triple-I. \"These two factors contributed enormously to the net underwriting losses Florida\u2019s homeowners\u2019 insurers cumulatively incurred between 2017 and 2021.\" Florida homeowners pay the highest average property insurance premium in the U.S. at $4,231, nearly three times the U.S. average of $1,544, according to Triple-I\u2019s analysis. [...] Two major hurricanes made landfall in the state in 2017 (Category 4 Irma) and 2018 (Category 5 Michael). The past three hurricane seasons (2019-2021), however, have been relatively quiet ones for Florida. Insurers are experiencing net underwriting losses in large part because Florida is the site of 79 percent of all homeowners insurance lawsuits over claims filed nationwide while Florida\u2019s homeowners insurers receive only 9 percent of all U.S. homeowners property insurance claims, according to the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Floridians For Lawsuit Reform estimates 130,000 property claim lawsuits will be filed in 2022, largely due to Florida\u2019s favorable litigation environment.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "CNN's David Chalian referred to Michelle Obama as \"Big Mike\" on air during presidential debate coverage.", "evidence": "Snopes: No, Video Does Not Show CNN's David Chalian Referring to Michelle Obama as 'Big Mike' July 2, 2024 Snopes examines claims about CNN's coverage. Read The Full Article.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "CNN's David Chalian referred to Michelle Obama as \"Big Mike\" on air during presidential debate coverage.", "evidence": "Instagram posts stated on September 12, 2024 in an Instagram post Former President Donald Trump admitted during the Sept. 10 presidential debate that he \"blew up the Nord Stream pipeline.\" Instagram posts stated on September 9, 2024 in Instagram posts A Haitian woman was arrested in Springfield, Ohio, for eating a cat. Social Media stated on September 10, 2024 in social media posts Vice President Kamala Harris wore NOVA H1 audio earrings in the Sept. 10, 2024, presidential debate. TikTok posts stated on June 28, 2024 in a video CNN's David Chalian referred to Michelle Obama as \"Big Mike\" on air during presidential debate coverage. Vivek Ramaswamy stated on September 27, 2023 in a Republican presidential primary debate. Being transgender is a \"mental health disorder.\" Facebook posts stated on April 24, 2021 in a Facebook post Social media posts stated: \"Remember Kamala telling Joe during the debate, \u2018You will do whatever the Chinese tell you! They gave your son over a billion dollars.\u2019\" Facebook posts stated on April 24, 2021 in a Facebook post \"Anyone remember Kamala telling Joe during the debate: \u2018You will do whatever the Chinese tell you! They gave your son over a billion dollars.\u2019\" [...] TikTok posts stated on June 28, 2024 in a video CNN's David Chalian referred to Michelle Obama as \"Big Mike\" on air during presidential debate coverage.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "CNN's David Chalian referred to Michelle Obama as \"Big Mike\" on air during presidential debate coverage.", "evidence": "It was a pivotal moment in the coverage of the night. He'd said aloud what others had until then been saying only to themselves. [...] David Chalian: \"By 9:15, I think I said to my producer Terence Burlij, 'Trump may win this thing.' He looked at me like I was crazy. You could sense that the night was different.\" [...] David Chalian joined the CNN team at the main anchor desk for the end of the ten-hour special report. After Blitzer signed off -- \"This has been a truly historic night. Trump elected President of the United States\" -- there was \"a complete and utter exhale\" in the studio.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cToday in America, 1 in 3 women of reproductive age live in a state with an abortion ban.\u201d", "evidence": "One year ago, the Supreme Court eliminated a constitutional right that it had previously recognized, overturning nearly fifty years of precedent. Today, more than 23 million women of reproductive age\u2014one in three\u2014live in one of the 18 states with an abortion ban currently in effect. In the last year, women have been denied essential medical care to preserve their health and even save their lives. They have been turned away from emergency rooms, forced to delay care, and made to travel hundreds of miles and across state lines for needed medical care. Despite this devastating impact on women\u2019s health, Republican elected officials continue to advance these bans at both the state and national level. President Biden and Vice President Harris stand with the majority of Americans who believe the right to choose is fundamental\u2014and who have made their voices heard at every opportunity since the Supreme Court\u2019s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women\u2019s Health Organization. As the President has made clear since the day of the Dobbs decision, the only way to ensure women in every state have access to abortion is for Congress to pass a law restoring the protections of Roe v. Wade.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cToday in America, 1 in 3 women of reproductive age live in a state with an abortion ban.\u201d", "evidence": "Harris\u2019 claim was similar to a White House fact sheet that said \"more than 23 million women of reproductive age \u2014 one in three \u2014 live in one of the 18 states with an abortion ban currently in effect.\" [...] How many U.S. women of reproductive age live in states with abortion bans [...] \"Given the shifting landscape of abortion laws, many organizations have different definitions and categories for states\u2019 abortion laws,\" said Laurie Sobel, women\u2019s health policy director at KFF. Today, approximately 21.5 million women ages 15 to 49 live in the 14 states that totally ban abortion, and in the two states with six-week bans in effect, she said. That comes out to about 29% of women of childbearing age, or about 1 in 3.4.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cTwo-thirds of Americans disapprove of Donald Trump not wearing a face mask in public.\u201d", "evidence": "Democrats take a negative view of much that happens in the Trump administration (86% of them disapprove of how Trump is handling his presidency), and they tend to support a different theory\u2014that the government is concealing the scale of deaths from the virus. Democrats (60%) are three times more likely than Republicans (21%) to believe this. [...] Just a third last week and this week would cancel long-distance travel. Support for this comes across the board, from both Republicans and Democrats. The American public generally agrees with the medical authorities who say requiring that people wear face masks isn\u2019t desirable from a medical point of view. [...] Americans are divided on the president\u2019s handling of the coronavirus; this week 41 percent approve, 43 percent disapprove (last week, disapproval outweighed approval 47% to 37%). Like last week, four in ten don\u2019t believe the President is taking the situation seriously enough. There is also division on the appointment of Vice President Mike Pence to head the Administration\u2019s response to the virus.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cTwo-thirds of Americans disapprove of Donald Trump not wearing a face mask in public.\u201d", "evidence": "\"Two thirds of Americans disapprove of Donald Trump not wearing a face mask in public, and the vast majority supports elected officials being required to wear masks in government buildings,\" Jackson tweeted. [...] Their poll question asked, \"Do you approve or disapprove of Donald Trump\u2019s decision NOT to wear a face mask while in public?\" [...] Jackson said \"two-thirds of Americans disapprove of Donald Trump not wearing a face mask in public and the vast majority supports elected officials being required to wear masks in government buildings.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cTwo-thirds of Americans disapprove of Donald Trump not wearing a face mask in public.\u201d", "evidence": "Health experts say Americans should wear a face mask to prevent the spread of coronavirus, but President Trump has been reluctant to do so in public. Democrat Darren Jackson, the minority leader in the North Carolina House of Representatives, said two-thirds of Americans disapprove of Trump's decision. There's one poll that supports his exact claim, and several others showing that roughly 66% of Americans want Trump to wear a mask.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cYou\u2019ve raised a lot more money than I have, Bernie.\u201d", "evidence": "Bernie Sanders is raising staggering amounts of money through the ActBlue fundraising site. Much of it comes from small donors. [...] When the 2016 election began, the idea was that big money from big donors would dominate the election. Instead, many candidates with robust super PACs have failed; Donald Trump has loaned himself money; and Bernie's raised more than $112 million (accounting for 82% of contributions to his campaign) through ActBlue, an online donation service for Democrats, specializing in small donors. [...] And Sanders has indeed raised an insane amount of money from the actual small donations \u2014 he's literally been given $10 about 1.4 million times.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cYou\u2019ve raised a lot more money than I have, Bernie.\u201d", "evidence": "Bernie Sanders, I would say at this point, you\u2019re hard-pressed to find a path forward for him numerically. Very much on the other side, like a Marco Rubio, he is very much fighting the math at this point. He did win four key states. He has raised and continues to raise more money than Hillary Clinton, which is fascinating \u2013 $40 million last month, which is quite impressive. But he has stalled because he hasn\u2019t been able to make it \u2013 make a name for himself or pick up delegates and support outside of the Northeast. He hasn\u2019t been able to pick up delegates or support in nonwhite states or states with a large nonwhite population. And that\u2019s something that continues to be difficult for him.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\"Hospitals murdered patients\u201d with remdesivir, a drug banned from Ebola trials because of \u201c53% kill rate.\u201d", "evidence": "Why Remdesivir Failed: Preclinical Assumptions Overestimate the Clinical Efficacy of Remdesivir for COVID-19 and Ebola - PMID: 34252308 - PMCID: PMC8448091 - DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01117-21 Why Remdesivir Failed: Preclinical Assumptions Overestimate the Clinical Efficacy of Remdesivir for COVID-19 and Ebola Remdesivir is a nucleoside monophosphoramidate prodrug that has been FDA approved for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the clinical efficacy of remdesivir for COVID-19 remains contentious, as several trials have not found statistically significant differences in either time to clinical improvement or mortality between remdesivir-treated and control groups. Similarly, the inability of remdesivir to provide a clinically significant benefit above other investigational agents in patients with Ebola contrasts with strong, curative preclinical data generated in rhesus macaque models. For both COVID-19 and Ebola, significant discordance between the robust preclinical data and remdesivir's lackluster clinical performance have left many puzzled. Here, we critically evaluate the assumptions of the models underlying remdesivir's promising preclinical data and show that such assumptions overpredict efficacy and minimize toxicity of remdesivir in humans. Had the limitations of in vitro drug efficacy testing and species differences in drug metabolism been considered, the underwhelming clinical performance of remdesivir for both COVID-19 and Ebola would have been fully anticipated.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\"Hospitals murdered patients\u201d with remdesivir, a drug banned from Ebola trials because of \u201c53% kill rate.\u201d", "evidence": "There\u2019s no evidence showing that remdesivir, the first treatment approved for COVID-19, killed patients taking the drug. The antiviral drug is still approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat the coronavirus that causes the disease. The FDA said it based its approval of the drug on three randomized controlled clinical trials. Remdesivir was one of four drugs used in a 2018 clinical trial against Ebola virus in Africa. It was found to be far less effective than two experimental drugs, but the trial did not show remdesivir killed patients.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "In COVID-19 crisis, \u201conly 20% of African Americans had jobs where they could work from home.\u201d", "evidence": "20% of African Americans could work from home, according to labor department data, compared with 30% of whites.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "In COVID-19 crisis, \u201conly 20% of African Americans had jobs where they could work from home.\u201d", "evidence": "In addition, a survey from the left-leaning Data for Progress found that 45% of black workers have lost jobs or had their hours cut, compared with 31% for white workers. (Samples were not large enough to break out other racial and ethnic groups.) [...] There's also evidence of disparities in who is able to work from home during this crisis: 30% of white people and 37% of Asian Americans could work from home in 2017 and 2018, according to the Labor Department. Meanwhile, only 20% of black people could. In addition, only 16% of Latinos could work from home, compared to nearly twice as many non-Latinos. The March jobs report that much of this analysis is based on only captured the start of the economic crisis created by COVID-19. The April report, which will be released May 8, will show if racial gaps have persisted.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Neither the rate nor the magnitude of the reported late twentieth century surface warming (1979\u20132000) lay outside normal natural variability.", "evidence": "Misleading : The short timeframe given makes it more difficult to say whether something is or is not outside the bounds of natural variability. However, thorough analysis in the 2013 IPCC report concluded it was \u201cextremely likely\u201d (a probability of at least 95%) that humans are responsible for more than half of the warming since 1950, and likely all of it.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The atmospheric residency time of carbon dioxide is five years and it is quickly sequestered into plants, marine life, oceans and sediments.", "evidence": "Residence Time vs. Adjustment Time of Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere - PMID: 36832750 - PMCID: PMC9955352 - DOI: 10.3390/e25020384 [...] We study the concepts of residence time vs. adjustment time time for carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The system is analyzed with a two-box first-order model. Using this model, we reach three important conclusions: (1) The adjustment time is never larger than the residence time and can, thus, not be longer than about 5 years. (2) The idea of the atmosphere being stable at 280 ppm in pre-industrial times is untenable. (3) Nearly 90% of all anthropogenic carbon dioxide has already been removed from the atmosphere. [...] - - van der Ent R.J., Tuinenburg O.A. The residence time of water in the atmosphere revisited. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2017;21:779\u2013790. doi: 10.5194/hess-21-779-2017. - DOI - - Cawley G.C. On the Atmospheric Residence Time of Anthropogenically Sourced Carbon Dioxide. Energy Fuels. 2011;25:5503\u20135513. doi: 10.1021/ef200914u. - DOI - - Stocker I.T.F., Qin D., Plattner G.K., Tignor M.M., Allen S.K., Boschung J., Nauels A., Xia Y., Bex V., Midgley P.M., editors. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge, UK: 2013.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "El Ni\u00f1o drove record highs in global temperatures suggesting rise may not be down to man-made emissions.", "evidence": "Stunning new data indicates El Nino drove record highs in global temperatures suggesting rise may not be down to man-made emissions - Global average temperatures over land have plummeted by more than 1C - Comes amid mounting evidence run of record temperatures about to end - The fall, revealed by Nasa satellites, has been caused by the end of El Nino [...] Others have argued that the records were caused by El Nino, a complex natural phenomenon that takes place every few years, and has nothing to do with greenhouse gas emissions by humans. [...] Big El Ninos always have an immense impact on world weather, triggering higher than normal temperatures over huge swathes of the world. The 2015-16 El Nino was probably the strongest since accurate measurements began, with the water up to 3C warmer than usual.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Harvard study finds that wind turbines create MORE global warming than the fossil fuels they eliminate", "evidence": "\"Wind beats coal by any environmental measure, but that doesn\u2019t mean that its impacts are negligible,\" said David Keith, the Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Physics at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) and senior author of the papers. \"We must quickly transition away from fossil fuels to stop carbon emissions. In doing so, we must make choices between various low-carbon technologies, all of which have some social and environmental impacts.\" [...] To estimate the impacts of wind power, Keith and Miller established a baseline for the 2012\u20122014 U.S. climate using a standard weather-forecasting model. Then, they covered one-third of the continental U.S. with enough wind turbines to meet present-day U.S. electricity demand. The researchers found this scenario would warm the surface temperature of the continental U.S. by 0.24 degrees Celsius, with the largest changes occurring at night when surface temperatures increased by up to 1.5 degrees. This warming is the result of wind turbines actively mixing the atmosphere near the ground and aloft while simultaneously extracting from the atmosphere\u2019s motion. [...] The Harvard researchers found that the warming effect of wind turbines in the continental U.S. was actually larger than the effect of reduced emissions for the first century of its operation. This is because the warming effect is predominantly local to the wind farm, while greenhouse gas concentrations must be reduced globally before the benefits are realized.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "A windmill could spin until it falls apart and never generate as much energy as was invested in building it.", "evidence": "No, a professor didn't say a windmill will 'never generate' the energy invested in building it [...] Now, we have a meme roaming social media that claims Canadian author and professor Thomas Homer-Dixon said that windmills will \"never\" generate as much energy as was expended to build the structures. [...] The meme does get a part of the quote right, but it strategically leaves out large swaths of information in order to give people the impression that all windmills never expend the amount of energy that was invested in it, which is not accurate. The meme\u2019s omitted section explains that, while poorly placed windmills may never generate enough energy payback, a good wind site could generate it in three years or less.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A windmill could spin until it falls apart and never generate as much energy as was invested in building it.", "evidence": "Factually Inaccurate : Analyzing the energy used in the production of wind turbines does not show that it's greater than the electricity produced over the turbine's working lifetime.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Blood pressure tracking apps can replace a cuff", "evidence": "Misleading: Despite its claims, the blood pressure app promoted in the Facebook post doesn\u2019t actually measure blood pressure, but allows users to track blood pressure measurements taken with a conventional blood pressure measuring cuff. Unlike the app, blood pressure measuring cuffs are considered medical devices that are subject to oversight by bodies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Commission to ensure they produce accurate results.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Blood pressure tracking apps can replace a cuff", "evidence": "A new app to 'uncuff' blood pressure monitoring [...] - Researchers have developed a groundbreaking smartphone app that measures blood pressure using a smartphone's built-in sensors, eliminating the need for traditional cuffs. This technology can make blood pressure monitoring more accessible and convenient, especially for underserved populations. By allowing users to measure their blood pressure anytime and anywhere, the app could revolutionize cardiovascular care and improve early detection of hypertension. [...] \"This app would be really useful in low-income settings where people may not even have existing access to blood pressure tools.\" Dhamotharan said. \"Being able to measure blood pressure more frequently would allow an individual to track any significant changes in blood pressure, monitor for hypertension, and be able to manage their conditions with that knowledge.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Autism and vaccination decreased over the same time period among high-income white households from California, indicating a possible causal relationship", "evidence": "The reason for the rapid rise of autism in the United States that began in the 1990s is a mystery. Although individuals probably have a genetic predisposition to develop autism, researchers suspect that one or more environmental triggers are also needed. One of those triggers might be the battery of vaccinations that young children receive. Using regression analysis and controlling for family income and ethnicity, the relationship between the proportion of children who received the recommended vaccines by age 2 years and the prevalence of autism (AUT) or speech or language impairment (SLI) in each U.S. state from 2001 and 2007 was determined. A positive and statistically significant relationship was found: The higher the proportion of children receiving recommended vaccinations, the higher was the prevalence of AUT or SLI. A 1% increase in vaccination was associated with an additional 680 children having AUT or SLI. Neither parental behavior nor access to care affected the results, since vaccination proportions were not significantly related (statistically) to any other disability or to the number of pediatricians in a U.S. state. The results suggest that although mercury has been removed from many vaccines, other culprits may link vaccines to autism.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Autism and vaccination decreased over the same time period among high-income white households from California, indicating a possible causal relationship", "evidence": "Rogers\u2019 claim hinges on his statement that vaccine coverage in high-income white people from California decreased over the years since 2000, and that at the same time, ASD prevalence decreased in the same population. But as we explained above, the study by Nevison and Parker, didn\u2019t provide data on vaccine coverage. Rogers didn\u2019t provide such data either. We reached out to Rogers to ask for it. In his reply to our email, Rogers claimed Science Feedback was among \"Stasi narrative check organizations\", but provided no evidence to support his claim that vaccine coverage had declined in high-income white households in California. [...] In summary, Rogers\u2019 claim that the level of childhood vaccination among high-income white families in California led to lower rates of ASD is unsubstantiated. Country-level data also doesn\u2019t support the hypothesis of a nationwide decline in vaccination among high-income white families. Roger\u2019s implication about a causal link between a decrease in vaccine coverage and a decline in ASD prevalence is unsubstantiated. The Nevison and Parker study used as supporting evidence did report that the prevalence of ASD declined among white families from richer California counties. However, the study didn\u2019t include data on vaccine coverage and didn\u2019t establish an association with vaccination. Rogers didn\u2019t provide any other data on vaccine coverage either.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Autism and vaccination decreased over the same time period among high-income white households from California, indicating a possible causal relationship", "evidence": "Incorrect Health Posted on: 2024-10-03 Decline in autism among high-income white households not caused by a decrease in childhood vaccination, vaccines don\u2019t cause autism Claim: Autism and vaccination decreased over the same time period among high-income white households from California, indicating a possible causal relationship Source: Children's Health Defense, Toby Rogers, 2024-08-08", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Peanut allergies are caused by the peanut oil in vaccines", "evidence": "Misleading: Peanut allergies and peanut oil allergies aren\u2019t one in the same. Some people with peanut allergies may safely consume peanut oil, particularly if it\u2019s the highly-refined variety used in cooking and frying. While peanut oil was used as a vaccine adjuvant ingredient in a clinical trial for an influenza vaccine in the 1960s, this vaccine wasn't approved for public use. [...] The reel claimed that people are \"having peanut allergies because they\u2019ve been jabbed with peanut oil\", drawing an implicit link between the alleged addition of peanut oil to certain vaccines in 1961 and a subsequent rise in peanut allergies since that time. [...] Peanut oil was only briefly tested as an adjuvant ingredient in vaccines in the 1960s. It was never approved as an ingredient for public use in vaccines and isn\u2019t an ingredient in vaccines today. Further, there isn\u2019t evidence to support that peanut oil causes peanut allergies; rather, risk for peanut allergy may instead be linked to factors like age, genetics, and other allergies.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "If masks were effective and necessary, non-mask wearers should be dead by now", "evidence": "Factually inaccurate: The claim states that people not wearing masks should be dead. However, this is not consistent with the epidemiological data to date indicating that only 0.5% to 0.7% of SARS-CoV-2 infections result in death, based on the infection fatality ratio. Flawed reasoning: The claim implies that masks are ineffective or useless against COVID-19, otherwise non-mask wearers should be dead. However, protective equipment can be recommended or necessary even against diseases that are not systematically deadly. The claim also forgets to consider that the use of masks reduces the propagation of the virus among the population and thus indirectly limits the risk of exposure of non-mask wearers.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cBill Gates\u2019 shoddily-hastened vaccine has been determined to make all animal test subjects get COVID-19 when exposed to the virus\u201c", "evidence": "Bill Gates on vaccine equity, boosters, climate, his foundation and Epstein meetings [...] Europe, Gates Foundation pledge funds to provide COVID-19 vaccines for poor nations [...] Go Deeper bill gates covid covid vaccine", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cBill Gates\u2019 shoddily-hastened vaccine has been determined to make all animal test subjects get COVID-19 when exposed to the virus\u201c", "evidence": "Gates \u2014 whose foundation has pledged to spend billions of dollars to develop a vaccine that will safeguard against the coronavirus \u2014 spoke about what he believes needs to be done now in order to improve testing and treatment capabilities in the U.S., as well as what he envisions the world will look like as it deals with the fallout of this unprecedented global event. [...] A vaccine will likely take longer \u2014 by some estimates, there may not be one available until the fall of 2021. Gates said that broad vaccination for COVID-19 will need to become available \"before you can be completely safe.\" Until then, there\u2019s a risk that communities could rebound unless they continue to practice strict social distancing and quarantines to see case numbers level off. [...] Go Deeper bill and melinda gates foundation bill gates novel coronavirus philanthropy vaccines", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cVitamin D3 is radiated sheep\u2019s wool mixed with chloroform\u201d, \u201cVitamin D3 IS RAT POISON !!\u201d, \u201cD levels are low because of lack of light and high vitamin A diets.\u201d", "evidence": "Harvesting Vitamin D3 from Sheep Wool The most fascinating source of Vitamin D3 is lanolin - a natural fat found in sheep's wool. Lanolin contains 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is a precursor of Vitamin D3. In the industrial process, this ingredient is exposed to UVB radiation, transforming it into fully-fledged Vitamin D3. This process is a perfect example of how nature works with science to provide people with valuable nutrients. [...] Although lanolin from sheep wool is a popular source of Vitamin D3 in supplements, there are also other methods of obtaining it. Vitamin D3 can also be synthetically produced or obtained from other natural sources, such as fish oil. It is important to pay attention to their origin when choosing supplements, especially if you prefer vegan or vegetarian products.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\u201cVitamin D3 is radiated sheep\u2019s wool mixed with chloroform\u201d, \u201cVitamin D3 IS RAT POISON !!\u201d, \u201cD levels are low because of lack of light and high vitamin A diets.\u201d", "evidence": "Vitamin D is important for building and maintaining strong bones, as well as regulating calcium and phosphate ion levels in the body. People can obtain vitamin D from food and sun exposure. However, vitamin D supplements may be recommended for people who have difficulty meeting their needs through natural sources. Two groups at high risk of vitamin D deficiency are breastfed infants, as human milk doesn\u2019t contain enough vitamin D, as well as the elderly, because the body\u2019s ability to store and make vitamin D diminishes with age.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cThere is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.\u201d", "evidence": "\"Something\u2019s going on here \u2026 \u201922 and \u201923, there is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in younger ages of 45 and down below,\" states TikTok user James Bishop, a self-proclaimed \"numbers guy\" who identifies himself as a husband, father, musician, retired firefighter, paramedic and educator. But Bishop is wrong. The supposed \"boom\" in breast cancer is based on a comparison between projected case numbers in women under 45 a few years ago to later projected estimates for all women or those under 50. [...] For 2019 through 2021, Bishop correctly says that ACS projected about 26,500 new cases of breast cancer each year for women under 45. But for 2022, he misleadingly gives a projection \u2014 47,550 \u2014 for women under 50. He does not make it clear that this number reflects a wider age range, instead claiming that the cases are \"double.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "5G at 60 GHz \u201cstops the human body and blood absorbing oxygen\u201d; this is what doctors are describing in COVID-19 cases", "evidence": "Wireless communications transfer data from one point to another using electromagnetic waves. When traveling through the air, these waves interact with particles and substances, such as oxygen, that can absorb part of their energy. This phenomenon causes the electromagnetic signal to lose strength with distance but doesn\u2019t change the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere nor makes it unavailable to the body. Electromagnetic waves can also interact with biological tissues, but current exposure hasn\u2019t been associated with health problems in people.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "5G at 60 GHz \u201cstops the human body and blood absorbing oxygen\u201d; this is what doctors are describing in COVID-19 cases", "evidence": "The global spread of 5th generation (5G) wireless systems causes some concern about health effects of millimeter waves (MMW). To investigate biological effects of local exposure to 5G-MMW on human body, a novel 60 GHz band exposure setup was developed, and its performance was validated. A spatial synthetic beam-type exposure setup using two dielectric lens antennas was proposed to achieve high intensity 60 GHz irradiation to the target area of human skin. Variety distributions and intensities of electromagnetic fields at the exposed area, which is modified by incident angles of the combined beams, were simulated using finite-difference time-domain methods. The exposure performance we estimated was verified by temperature elevations of surface in a physical arm-shaped silicone phantom during the MMW exposure. The interference fringes generated in the exposed area due to the combined two-directional beam radiations were observed both in the simulation and in the phantom experiment but eliminated by applying an orthogonalizing polarized feeding structure. Under these exposure conditions, the local temperature changes, which could evoke warmth sensations, were obtained at the target area of the human forearm skin, which means the achievement of exposure performance we intended. [...] Citation: Hikage T, Ozaki R, Ishitake T and Masuda H (2021) Novel 60 GHz Band Spatial Synthetic Exposure Setup to Investigate Biological Effects of 5G and Beyond Wireless Systems on Human Body. Front. Public Health 9:777712. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.777712", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth\u2019s atmosphere has climbed to a level last seen more than 3 million years ago \u2014 before humans even appeared on the rocky ball we call home", "evidence": "The ocean has absorbed about 30% of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide, resulting in ocean acidification and changes to carbonate chemistry that are unprecedented for at least the last 65 million years (high confidence). Risks have been identified for the survival, calcification, growth, development and abundance of a broad range of marine taxonomic groups, ranging from algae to fish, with substantial evidence of predictable trait-based sensitivities (high confidence). There are multiple lines of evidence that ocean warming and acidification corresponding to 1.5\u00b0C of global warming would impact a wide range of marine organisms and ecosystems, as well as sectors such as aquaculture and fisheries (high confidence). {3.3.10, 3.4.4}", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth\u2019s atmosphere has climbed to a level last seen more than 3 million years ago \u2014 before humans even appeared on the rocky ball we call home", "evidence": "In the latest bit of bad news for a planet beset by climate change, the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth\u2019s atmosphere has climbed to a level last seen more than 3 million years ago \u2014 before humans even appeared on the rocky ball we call home. [...] The level of CO2 in the atmosphere has risen an average of 2.5 ppm per year over the past decade, reaching 400 ppm in 2013 \u2014 and the level appears likely to go higher from here. [...] The last time levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide were this high came during the Pliocene Epoch, which extended from about 5.3 million to 2.6 million years ago. During that period, average sea levels were about 50 feet higher than they are today and forests grew as far north as the Arctic, said Rob Jackson, a professor of earth system science at Stanford University. \"Earth was a very different place,\" he said. \"You would hardly recognize the land surface, and my gosh, we don\u2019t want to go there.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Raw manuka honey kills every bacteria scientists throw at it, including antibiotic-resistant superbugs", "evidence": "AUSTRALIAN researchers have been astonished to discover a cure-all right under their noses -- a honey sold in health food shops as a natural medicine. Far from being an obscure health food with dubious healing qualities, new research has shown the honey kills every type of bacteria scientists have thrown at it, including the antibiotic-resistant \"superbugs\" plaguing hospitals and killing patients around the world. Some bacteria have become resistant to every commonly prescribed antibacterial drug. But scientists found that Manuka honey, as it is known in New Zealand, or jelly bush honey, as it is known in Australia, killed every... AUSTRALIAN researchers have been astonished to discover a cure-all right under their noses - a honey sold in health food shops as a natural medicine. The health benefits of raw, unprocessed honey are well known, but in Australia, scientists recently made a startling discovery \u2013 that one particular type of honey is capable of killing just about everything scientists throw at it, including some of the worst bacteria known to man. The findings were published in the European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (June 2009 edition), and could hold special significance at a time when many of the...", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Raw manuka honey kills every bacteria scientists throw at it, including antibiotic-resistant superbugs", "evidence": "Manuka honey contains potent naturally-occurring antibacterial agents, such as the chemical methylglyoxal, making it especially effective for wound disinfection. However, manuka honey is only effective when applied topically to an infected wound, not when eaten. In addition, the process required to produce food-grade manuka honey may inactivate some of its antimicrobial properties, rendering it less effective for wound healing than medical-grade manuka honey.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201csunscreen and then skin cancer, it's a direct correlation\u201d; wearing sunglasses increases the risk of sunburn; sunscreen reduces vitamin D production", "evidence": "In mid-July 2024, a Facebook reel with almost half a million views claimed there is \"a direct correlation\" between the introduction of sunscreen use and skin cancer. It added that wearing sunglasses reduces natural protection against sunburn. [...] For the same reason, wearing sunglasses will also not prevent the skin from producing vitamin D. We already explained that vitamin D synthesis occurs in the skin, stimulated by solar UVB radiation. Because this process also doesn\u2019t involve the eyes, wearing sunglasses doesn\u2019t interfere with it. In brief, wearing sunglasses doesn\u2019t increase the risk of sunburn and vitamin D deficiency but can help prevent other health problems instead. Overexposure to solar and artificial UV radiation can harm the eyes in the same way it harms the skin. The American Academy of Ophthalmology explains that too much exposure to UV light increases the risk of eye problems, including cataracts and eye cancers. To minimize these risks, the association recommends \"wearing UV-blocking sunglasses\" that provide 100% protection against both UVA and UVB rays.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "CO2 is not a greenhouse gas.", "evidence": "Non-CO2 greenhouse gases and climate change [...] Montzka, S., Dlugokencky, E. & Butler, J. Non-CO2 greenhouse gases and climate change. [...] The influence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions on climate is widely recognized, but there are plenty of greenhouse gases besides CO2 and they receive much less attention. In this Review, Stephen Montzka and co-authors summarize the current knowledge on non-CO2 greenhouse gases, including methane, nitrous oxide and halogenic compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons. Although the total warming effect of these gases is less than that of CO2, a substantial reduction in their emissions would measurably reduce the impact of human activity on our climate. And as non-CO2 greenhouse gases tend to have a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2, the response of the climate system to emissions cuts in the former would be faster than the response through cuts in CO2 alone.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "CO2 is not a greenhouse gas.", "evidence": "Global averaged concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), the most important greenhouse gas, in 2022 were a full 50% above the pre-industrial era for the first time. They continued to grow in 2023. [...] Non-CO\u2082 Greenhouse Gases: Climate change is driven by multiple greenhouse gases, not just CO2. These gases have different atmospheric lifetimes, greater Global Warming Potential (GWP) than CO2 and uncertain future emissions. [...] Carbon dioxide is the single most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, accounting for approximately 64% of the warming effect on the climate, mainly because of fossil fuel combustion and cement production.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "CO2 is not a greenhouse gas.", "evidence": "Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from human activities are now higher than at any point in our history. In fact, recent data reveals that global CO2 emissions were 182 times higher in 2022 than they were in 1850, around the time the Industrial Revolution was underway.1 [...] Related: 4 Charts Explain Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Country and Sector [...] 1 CO2 is not the only greenhouse gas and short-term action on methane and other short-lived pollutants are essential to address climate change. CO2 represents about three-quarters of annual emissions and estimates are available starting from 1850, allowing us to explore a longer history of carbon dioxide emissions.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cNew Study Links Pfizer\u2019s COVID Vaccine to \u2018Turbo Cancer\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "To date, more than 270 million people in the U.S. have received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Incidental cases of illnesses, including cancer, occurred even before COVID-19 vaccines existed. Therefore, in order to determine if vaccination raises the risk of illness, it isn\u2019t enough to simply point to cases occurring after vaccination as evidence. One must compare the incidence of the illness following vaccination with the baseline incidence. There\u2019s no evidence indicating that COVID-19 vaccines raise the risk of developing cancer or that they worsen cancer.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cNew Study Links Pfizer\u2019s COVID Vaccine to \u2018Turbo Cancer\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "Cavanna, L. et al. COVID-19 vaccines in adult cancer patients with solid tumours undergoing active treatment: seropositivity and safety. A prospective observational study in Italy. Eur. J. Cancer157, 441\u2013449 (2021). [...] Wu, J. T. et al. Association of COVID-19 vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with cancer: a US nationwide Veterans Affairs study. JAMA Oncol.https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.5771 (2021). [...] Di Noia, V. et al. Immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 for patients with solid cancer: a large cohort prospective study from a single institution. Clin. Cancer Res.https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-21-2439 (2021).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Best available data show sea-level rise is not accelerating. Local and regional sea levels continue to exhibit typical natural variability\u2014in some places rising and in others falling.", "evidence": "New satellite measurements show sea level rise is accelerating, as CNN accurately reports in CNN, by Brandon Miller \u2014 15 Feb 2018 [...] Global data contradict claim of no acceleration in sea level rise [...] Sea level rise is accelerating, and with it the risk associated with coastal storm surge, contrary to claim in Forbes", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Best available data show sea-level rise is not accelerating. Local and regional sea levels continue to exhibit typical natural variability\u2014in some places rising and in others falling.", "evidence": "For example, global average sea level has risen by about 7\u20138 inches since 1900, with almost half (about 3 inches) of that rise occurring since 1993. Human-caused climate change has made a substantial contribution to this rise since 1900, contributing to a rate of rise that is greater than during any preceding century in at least 2,800 years. Global sea level rise has already affected the United States; the incidence of daily tidal flooding is accelerating in more than 25 Atlantic and Gulf Coast cities. [...] Natural variability, including El Ni\u00f1o events and other recurring patterns of ocean\u2013atmosphere interactions, impact temperature and precipitation, especially regionally, over timescales of months to years. The global influence of natural variability, however, is limited to a small fraction of observed climate trends over decades. (Very high confidence) (Ch. 1) [...] Global and Regional Sea Level Rise", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 is caused by snake venom, not a virus; snake venom is in the COVID-19 vaccines and causes miscarriage", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: \"COVID-19 is not a respiratory virus of any kind, it is actually venom poison, and they\u2019re using, I believe, synthesized peptides and proteins of venoms of snakes and they\u2019re administering them and targeting them to certain people [...] this is the most obvious bioweapon ever\"; \"The mRNA inside of the Moderna and Pfizer shot is actually derived from snake venom\"; L-amino-acid oxidase (LAAO), which is found in the COVID-19 vaccine and snake venom, inhibits syncytium production and increases the risk of miscarriage by interfering with placenta development [...] In May 2023, the Stew Peters Show published a sequel to \"Watch The Water\", with Ardis claiming that the COVID-19 vaccines increased the risk of miscarriage due to the presence of L-amino-acid oxidase, which he claimed is also found in snake venom and that would interfere with placenta formation. Ardis made the same claim a few months earlier on the podcast \"Unrestricted Truths with James Grundvig\", which was shared by other websites associated with health misinformation. [...] In the sequel to \"Watch The Water\", Ardis built on his earlier claims about snake venom and COVID-19, now asserting that L-amino-acid oxidase, which is present in snake venom, is also present in COVID-19 vaccines and increases the risk of miscarriage.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there\u2019s simply no evidence that it is a significant one.", "evidence": "Natural factors have certainly caused climate changes in the past, but that does not mean human factors are not responsible for climate change now. Observations clearly show that incoming solar radiation and the effects of volcanic eruptions have not changed in a way that could explain global warming. Instead, research has shown that human activities are the cause.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there\u2019s simply no evidence that it is a significant one.", "evidence": "\"From the body of evidence since IPCC (1996), we conclude that there has been a discernible human influence on global climate. Studies are beginning to separate the contributions to observed climate change attributable to individual external influences, both anthropogenic and natural. This work suggests that anthropogenic greenhouse gases are a substantial contributor to the observed warming, especially over the past 30 years. However, the accuracy of these estimates continues to be limited by uncertainties in estimates of internal variability, natural and anthropogenic forcing, and the climate response to external forcing.\" [...] To reiterate: the best data collected from satellites validated by balloons to test the hypothesis of a human-induced global warming from the release of C02 into the atmosphere shows no meaningful trend of increasing temperatures, even as the climate models exaggerated the warmth that ought to have occurred from a build-up in C02. [...] \"There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gasses is causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere and disruption of the Earth's climate. Moreover, there is substantial scientific evidence that increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide produce many beneficial effects upon the natural plant and animal environments of the Earth.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe unvaccinated Amish rarely get cancer, autism, or heart disease.\u201d", "evidence": "The Amish are a Christian Anabaptist group of Swiss-German ancestry who arrived in the U.S. in the 18th century. Today about 335,000 Amish people live in 31 U.S. states. The Amish religion does not restrict access to modern medical care and children are vaccinated to some degree. Independently of immunization status and lifestyle, the Amish population has less genetic variability, which may be protective against certain diseases while increasing susceptibility to others.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Study shows myocarditis from COVID-19 vaccination carries serious risk of death", "evidence": "The present nationwide study involving more than 44 million vaccinated individuals in Korea demonstrated several clinically important findings on acute myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination. First, VRM was a very rare complication of COVID-19 vaccination (1.08 cases per 100 000 vaccinated persons) and mainly developed in association with mRNA vaccines, especially in young males. Second, the demographic characteristics of COVID-19 VRM differed from those of the previous studies. Third, notably, we demonstrated severe COVID-19 VRM including FM or death was not uncommon (19.8% of total VRM). Sudden cardiac death attributable to COVID-19 VRM demonstrated in this study warrants the careful monitoring or warning of SCD as a potentially fatal complication of COVID-19 vaccination, especially in individuals who are ages under 45 years with mRNA vaccination. Fourth, the incidence of severe cases of COVID-19 VRM significantly decreased in the third vaccination than in the first or second COVID-19 vaccination (Structured Graphical Abstract). [...] Sudden cardiac death was the most serious and worrisome adverse reaction of COVID-19 vaccination in our study. In eight SCD cases, VRM was not suspected as a clinical diagnosis or a cause of death before performing an autopsy. All SCD cases attributable to COVID-19 VRM were aged under 45 years and received mRNA vaccines. Vaccine-related myocarditis was the only possible cause of death in all SCD cases. Therefore, SCD attributable to COVID-19 VRM demonstrated in this study warrants the careful monitoring or warning of SCD as a potentially fatal complication of COVID-19 vaccination, especially in individuals who are ages under 45 years and receiving mRNA vaccination.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Study shows myocarditis from COVID-19 vaccination carries serious risk of death", "evidence": "Before COVID vaccines were deployed and administered, it was reported that patients with COVID-19 have approximatively 16 times the risk for myocarditis relative to patients without COVID-193. Matched analyses from medical records (Dec 2020 to May 2021) from the largest health care organization in Israel21 showed that COVID-19 vaccination was associated with an elevated risk of myocarditis (risk ratio, 3.24) compared to unvaccinated and SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a substantially increased risk of myocarditis (risk ratio, 18.28) compared to uninfected. It was also noted that a significant lower mortality rate was observed among individuals with myocarditis after mRNA vaccination when compared to those with a viral infection\u2013related myocarditis21,22. In line with these results, a more recent study showed that the relative risk of heart failure within 90 days was 0.56 and 1.48 for myocarditis associated with vaccination and COVID-19 disease, respectively23. In summary, compared with myocarditis associated with COVID-19 disease, myocarditis after vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines occurs less frequent and in addition is associated with a better clinical outcome23. [...] Le Vu, S. et al. Risk of Myocarditis after Covid-19 mRNA Vaccination: Impact of Booster Dose and Dosing Interval. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.31.22278064 (2022).", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Study shows myocarditis from COVID-19 vaccination carries serious risk of death", "evidence": "Studies have shown that people vaccinated against COVID-19 are less likely to develop severe disease, require hospitalization, and die from COVID-19 compared to unvaccinated people. While COVID-19 vaccines are associated with a slightly elevated risk of myocarditis and a particular blood clotting disorder, it is COVID-19 that is associated with a greater risk of these illnesses and other complications. On balance, the evidence gathered so far by studies shows that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the risks, not the other way around.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Vaccine killed 3.5X more Americans than COVID virus", "evidence": "An analysis by NPR shows a parallel result: counties that voted for Trump in 2020 had much higher COVID death rates than those that went for Biden. The explanation: low vaccination rates fueled by COVID misinformation. [...] Cases of COVID-19 remain far more common in unvaccinated people, though the difference is narrowing somewhat. The report shows that the rate of COVID-19 in unvaccinated people is 3.5 times higher than in vaccinated people, down from a four-time differnce. To date, there have been 47,687 COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough cases in Oregon out of a total of 399,361.. Where the vaccines really make a difference is in preventing serious COVID cases. Nearly all breakthrough cases show no symptoms, or symptoms that are relatively mild. Once again, just 4.4% of the relatively small number of vaccine breakthrough cases have been hospitalized and just 1.2% have died.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cMask study published by NIH suggests N95 Covid masks may expose wearers to dangerous level of toxic compounds linked to seizures and cancer\u201d", "evidence": "Scientific evidence shows wearing a face mask reduces the spread of COVID-19. Wearing a face mask also doesn\u2019t significantly impede the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, as gas molecules are many times smaller than the pores of even an N95 mask. COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through infectious liquid particles spread from infected to uninfected individuals. Masks act as simple physical barriers that reduce the dissemination of these liquid particles, which are generated by people when they cough, sneeze, or speak.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cMask study published by NIH suggests N95 Covid masks may expose wearers to dangerous level of toxic compounds linked to seizures and cancer\u201d", "evidence": "But a study quietly re-shared by the National Institutes of Health in spring suggests the tight-fitting mask may expose users to dangerous levels of toxic chemicals. [...] The study found that the chemicals released by these masks had eight times the recommended safety limit of toxic volatile organic compounds (TVOCs). [...] The study was published in the journal Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety and on the NIH's website.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Pfizer documents confirm that mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations contain graphene oxide", "evidence": "COVID-19 vaccines were rigorously tested in clinical trials before they were permitted to be used in the general public. The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine doesn\u2019t contain graphene oxide nor is graphene listed on any credible ingredient lists of any COVID-19 vaccine provided by public health authorities and regulators. However, some have misrepresented a Pfizer document to claim otherwise. In fact, the document describes a microscopy study that was part of the structural characterization of the vaccine spike protein, in which scientists used graphene oxide as a support material for sample processing and visualization. Misrepresents source: The claim is based on a screenshot of a Pfizer document that omits important context. In fact, the FDA-released Pfizer document didn\u2019t \"confirm\" that COVID-19 vaccines contain graphene oxide. The document discusses research procedures used in testing the vaccine, rather than the manufacture of the actual vaccine. [...] The document released by Pfizer doesn\u2019t state that graphene oxide is an ingredient of its mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Instead, it described a microscopy study used to assess the structure of the vaccine spike protein. The technique involved uses graphene oxide grids to stably arrange the samples for microscopy. This document doesn\u2019t mention any use of graphene oxide during the manufacture of the vaccine, and no credible ingredient lists of the vaccine show graphene oxide as an ingredient.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Pfizer documents confirm that mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations contain graphene oxide", "evidence": "\"Dr. Andreas Noack is 1 of the foremost experts on graphene in the world. He has studied data from Professor Pablo Campra from the University of Almeira. Dr. Campra used micro-Raman spectroscopy to analyze the contents of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Dr. Noack reviewed Dr. Campra\u2019s findings and found that the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine contains graphene hydroxide. Dr. Noack confirmed the findings of Robert Young, M.Sc., D.Sc., Ph.D., who used phase-contrast microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to analyze the following COVID-19 vaccines: Pfizer \u2013BioNTech mRNA Vaccine, the Moderna-Lonza mRNA-1273 Vaccine, the Serum Institute Oxford Astrazeneca Vaccine and the Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine. Dr. Young concluded: The Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Janssen drugs are NOT \"vaccines\" but complexed Graphene Oxide nanoparticulate aggregates of varying nano elements attached to genetically modified nucleic acids of mRNA from animal or Vero cells and aborted human fetal cells. [...] Form Great mountains publication Poisonous Graphene Oxide Found in COVID-19 Vaccines August 30, 2021, by Edward Hendrie. \"Robert Young, M.Sc., D.Sc., Ph.D., used phase-contrast microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy to analyze the following COVID-19 vaccines: Pfizer\u2013BioNTech mRNA Vaccine, the Moderna-Lonza mRNA-1273 Vaccine, the Serum Institute Oxford Astrazeneca Vaccine and the Janssen COVID -19 Vaccine. Dr. Young concluded:", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cCOVID Vaccines Were Never Safe for Pregnant Women, Pfizer\u2019s own data show\u201d", "evidence": "Safety monitoring and clinical data continue to show that the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are safe for pregnant women and protect them from pregnancy complications due to COVID-19. No evidence from animal or clinical studies suggests that these vaccines cause or increase fertility problems or negative pregnancy outcomes.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cCOVID Vaccines Were Never Safe for Pregnant Women, Pfizer\u2019s own data show\u201d", "evidence": "Safety monitoring and clinical data continue to show that the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are safe for pregnant women and protect them from pregnancy complications due to COVID-19. No evidence from animal or clinical studies suggests that these vaccines cause or increase fertility problems or negative pregnancy outcomes. [...] On 19 April 2023, the Brownstone Institute published an article claiming that Australian regulatory authority the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) had evidence that the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine was unsafe during pregnancy before approving it provisionally on 27 August 2021. [...] Pfizer\u2019s approval applications for the COVID-19 vaccines have become a regular subject of misinformation for individuals who misuse and distort the data presented in them to support the narrative that the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is unsafe. In the case of the Brownstone Institute, the article completely misrepresented the results of the experiments, which don\u2019t support and actually contradict the article\u2019s claim, as we will explain below.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cCOVID Vaccines Were Never Safe for Pregnant Women, Pfizer\u2019s own data show\u201d", "evidence": "COVID vaccines have been contentious ever since they were developed in response to the coronavirus pandemic, though the evidence is that they are safe and effective. One of the concerns has been whether the vaccines were safe for pregnant women. A recent review looked at the evidence available from North America, Israel and Europe. The Conversation Africa\u2019s Ozayr Patel asked vaccine specialist Marta C. Nunes to sum up the findings. [...] Current COVID-19 vaccines were not tested in pregnant women in the initial clinical trials. But in many countries, pregnant women did get the vaccine. Observational studies have been done since the vaccines became available, to generate information on the vaccines\u2019 safety and how well they work. [...] The question was whether it was safe to vaccinate pregnant women with COVID vaccines. None of the studies found any safety concerns regarding these vaccines during pregnancy. The reactions to the vaccine that were reported by pregnant women were similar to the reactions that were reported by other adult people who got the vaccine. There was no difference between pregnant women and the general population as regards safety.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Red Bull contain cocaine and buprenorphine", "evidence": "Home drug tests are a simple and rapid method for detecting the presence of drugs of abuse in a variety of human samples, including saliva, urine, and blood. However, these tests only provide preliminary results and need confirmation from a laboratory test. Furthermore, to be reliable, the tests should be carried out correctly according to the manufacturer\u2019s instructions. Using samples that the test wasn\u2019t designed to analyze, such as food and beverages, is a misuse of the test and results produced from such tests are invalid.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The pandemic was planned; respiratory illness surge in New York and China isn\u2019t airborne but due to chlorine and benzene in food and water", "evidence": "COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state) Disease COVID-19 Virus strain SARS-CoV-2 Location New York state, U.S.First outbreak Wuhan , Hubei , China Index case Manhattan , New York City Arrival date mid-February 2020[ 1] (1st positive March 1)[ 2] Confirmed cases 6,390,225[ 3] Hospitalized cases 100,000+ (total)[ 4] [...] Government response to the pandemic in New York began with a full lockdown from March 2020 to April 2020, followed by a four-phase reopening plan by region from April 2020 to July 2020. Additional modifications to the plan were imposed in July as the state learned more about the pandemic and due to political pressure. In October 2020, a micro-cluster strategy was announced which shuts down areas of the state to varying degrees by ZIP code when cases increase.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The pandemic was planned; respiratory illness surge in New York and China isn\u2019t airborne but due to chlorine and benzene in food and water", "evidence": "Respiratory viruses like the flu, RSV, the common cold, and SARS-CoV-2 tend to circulate more widely in winter, resulting in more respiratory illnesses in winter months. Chlorine-containing compounds are common antimicrobial agents used in the food industry to kill harmful bacteria and improve the safety of food products. Benzene can occur as a result of naturally-occurring compounds in soft drinks and beverages. Regulatory agencies in the U.S., Canada, New Zealand, and Australia have found that benzene levels in soft drinks and beverages are generally well within safe limits.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "New England Journal of Medicine \u201cproves\u201d 80% miscarriage rate among vaccinated women; COVID-19 vaccines harm men\u2019s and women\u2019s fertility", "evidence": "Misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines harming fertility is a widespread myth that has damaged public trust in the vaccines. While the original vaccine clinical trials didn\u2019t evaluate the effects of COVID-19 vaccines on fertility, scientific studies and safety surveillance data later on have shown that COVID-19 vaccines are safe for pregnant women and don\u2019t cause pregnancy or fertility problems. COVID-19 itself is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications, which vaccination can help prevent.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "New England Journal of Medicine \u201cproves\u201d 80% miscarriage rate among vaccinated women; COVID-19 vaccines harm men\u2019s and women\u2019s fertility", "evidence": "Can COVID-19 vaccines affect fertility? Infertility has not been a problem for men or women for any of the COVID-19 vaccines. One study noted vaccines do not affect conception by either partner. Prior COVID-19 infection among women also does not affect conception. However, recent COVID-19 infection among males does affect their fertility and ability to conceive. [...] COVID-19 vaccination lowers your risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death. The known risks of COVID-19 illness and its related, possibly severe complications, such as long-term health problems, hospitalization and even death, far outweigh the potential risks of having a rare adverse reaction to vaccination like myocarditis or blood clots. COVID-19 vaccines do not affect pregnancy or fertility.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Queensland Health Researchers find that long COVID doesn\u2019t exist", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: \"No such thing as \u2018long COVID,\u2019 health agency says in shocking claim: \u2018Unnecessary fear\u2019\"; \"Top government health chief declares 'long COVID' doesn't really exist, study finds flu impairs more people in the long term\"; \"Australia: Queensland Health Researchers Claim \u2018Long COVID\u2019 Isn\u2019t Real, Calls It \u2018Unnecessary Fear\u2019\" [...] In this review, we show why claims that the study found long COVID doesn\u2019t exist grossly misrepresent the study and the position of Queensland\u2019s Chief Health Officer. [...] Therefore, the study demonstrated the opposite of what headlines by the New York Post and The Blaze claim: long COVID exists and that it significantly affects people\u2019s lives. What the researchers also found was that long COVID resembled post-viral syndrome that also develops in some people after other viral infections, like flu.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The CDC found a 236% increased risk of autism in African-American boys associated with the MMR vaccine", "evidence": "Table 3 shows results for the entire cohort excluding African American children. As can be observed, there is no statistically significant effect for any of the subclasses in either gender or age cut-off for MMR uptake. This shows that the effect observed overall is due to the very strong \"signal\" seen exclusively in African American boys. In other words, the strong, statistically significant relationship between younger first MMR age and higher autism incidence in African American males may be skewing the results for larger, more general populations that include African American males (e.g., all boys and all African Americans) to show a \"relationship\" that is actually only in African American males.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cNo discernible benefit of covid-19 vaccination in pregnancy\u201d; \u201chigher rate of neonatal and all-cause readmissions among babies born to vaccinated mothers\u201d", "evidence": "Going against the now-extensive record on COVID-19 vaccines and pregnancy, a recent Instagram post claimed that there is \"No Discernable Benefit of COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy.\" The post was quoting a Substack newsletter from Dr. Peter McCullough, a prolific spreader of vaccine misinformation. The newsletter focused on the new JAMA Pediatrics study on vaccine safety, also claiming that it found \"No Assurances on Safety.\" [...] McCullough misused two pieces of raw data from the JAMA Pediatrics study to incorrectly imply that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is unsafe and ineffective. He ignored the primary results of the paper supporting the safety of maternal COVID-19 vaccination for babies, as well as the larger body of data showing maternal COVID-19 vaccination is safe and effective. [...] DeSilva and Vazquez-Benitez added that the study did not show an increased risk for neonatal readmission with additional COVID-19 vaccine doses received during pregnancy. The study also followed babies through 6 months of age and found a similar rate of hospital readmission regardless of maternal vaccination status.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cNo discernible benefit of covid-19 vaccination in pregnancy\u201d; \u201chigher rate of neonatal and all-cause readmissions among babies born to vaccinated mothers\u201d", "evidence": "A total of 15 studies were included. We found that maternal vaccination during pregnancy was related to the reduction rates of Preterm, SGA, Low Apgar score at 5 min (<7). In addition, there was no evidence of a higher risk of adverse neonatal outcomes after maternal vaccination of COVID-19 during pregnancy, including NICU admission, preterm birth with gestation <34 weeks, low birth weight, very low birth weight, congenital anomalies, and so on. [...] Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data mainly concerning neonatal outcomes after maternal COVID-19 vaccination. In the present study, the main neonatal outcomes are preterm, SGA, NICU admission, and low 5 min Apgar score (<7). In population-based larger cohorts published from Israel, Canada, Sweden, and Norway, and the US, except for data from Canada, all three other studies reported that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not significantly associated with an increased risk for adverse neonatal outcomes.27,29,31,32 After pooling all of these data, our results showed not only no increased risk from maternal vaccination but also lower rates of adverse neonatal outcomes among those born to individuals vaccinated during pregnancy. As shown in Fig. 2 and Table 2, 17%, 7%, and 8% decreases in the odds of preterm, SGA, and low 5 min Apgar score (<7) were associated with COVID-19 vaccination when compared with unvaccination during pregnancy, respectively. These results may gain confidence to improve the acceptance of vaccines among pregnant women.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201c\u2026a virus is not the cause of an illness. It\u2019s a necessary cause [\u2026] but it is not the cause.\u201d", "evidence": "Examples of common human diseases caused by viruses include the common cold, influenza, chickenpox, and cold sores. Many serious diseases such as rabies, Ebola virus disease, AIDS (HIV), avian influenza, and SARS are caused by viruses. The relative ability of viruses to cause disease is described in terms of virulence. Other diseases are under investigation to discover if they have a virus as the causative agent, such as the possible connection between human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) and neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome.[108] There is controversy over whether the bornavirus, previously thought to cause neurological diseases in horses, could be responsible for psychiatric illnesses in humans.[109]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201c\u2026a virus is not the cause of an illness. It\u2019s a necessary cause [\u2026] but it is not the cause.\u201d", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: \"Exposure to a virus is not the same as infection [\u2026] That means that a virus is not the cause of an illness. You can\u2019t get a common cold without the virus. [...] On 6 April 2021, comedian Russel Brand posted a video on his Facebook page of him interviewing neuroscientist and psychologist Lisa Feldman Barrett, a professor at Northeastern University. In the video, Barrett argued that \"a virus is not the cause of an illness\". She explained that though the viruses are a necessary cause because \"you can\u2019t get the common cold without the virus,\" they are not the cause [Barrett\u2019s emphasis]. The video received more than 390,000 views and more than 16,000 interactions on Facebook, including likes and comments. [...] Although people varied in their susceptibility to developing the disease, the rhinovirus was still the cause of participants\u2019 cold symptoms in the study. Without receiving the nasal drop containing the rhinovirus, none of the patients would have developed a cold. When discussing the causes and outcomes of a disease, distinguishing between a \"necessary cause\" and \"cause,\" and describing chronic stress as a cause rather than a contributing factor, as Barrett did, is imprecise and potentially misleading.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin", "evidence": "This article incorrectly claims that the flu vaccine contains ingredients that are neurotoxic. The claim that the flu vaccine \u201ccontains 25,000 times more mercury than is legally allowed in drinking water\u201d is based on an unreliable source.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin", "evidence": "neurotoxin, substance that alters the structure or function of the nervous system. More than 1,000 chemicals are known to have neurotoxic effects in animals. The substances include a wide range of natural and human-made chemical compounds, from snake venom and pesticides to ethyl alcohol, heroin, and cocaine. [...] Neurotoxins are absorbed through inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or injection and can have immediate or long-lasting impacts by causing neurons to malfunction or by disrupting interneuron communication. Slurred words or poor coordination due to toxic effects on neurons from alcohol consumption, for example, are temporary, whereas cognitive damage caused by lead exposure is irreversible. Certain neurotoxins are highly potent and have been developed into chemical weapons. The nerve agent sarin, for example, is an organophosphorous compound that is classified as a weapon of mass destruction; sarin gas can kill a person within 10 minutes of exposure. [...] In the modern era, there is significant concern about the combined effects of moderate and even low-level exposure to multiple neurotoxins; more research is needed, however, to determine the physiological significance of such exposures. In addition, thousands of other chemicals are suspected of having neurotoxic effects, though many remain untested.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin", "evidence": "This article published in Health Nut News, shared more than 120,000 times, was originally published on the website Complete Health and Happiness. The article discusses the purported dangers of ingredients in the flu vaccine. It claims that the flu vaccine contains several \"contaminants\", specifically thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde and sodium deoxycholate, which it labels as known neurotoxins. [...] The other ingredients mentioned in this article, ovalbumin and sodium deoxycholate, are also not known neurotoxins. Ovalbumin is the main protein found in egg white, which is consumed daily by many people in much greater quantities than is found in the flu vaccine, without any ill effects. It can, in rare cases, trigger an allergic reaction, not unlike other food allergies (e.g. peanuts, shellfish). Sodium deoxycholate is a bile salt and a form of deoxycholic acid, which has been used in cosmetic surgery in an injectable form, and at higher levels than in the flu vaccine, to reduce subcutaneous fat. Neurotoxicity is not a known side effect of such treatment.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients", "evidence": "Mostly because someone on the Internet told them to be worried about them, even though vitamin K shots are safe, are free of mercury and any other toxins you might really need to be concerned about, and the dose of synthetic vitamin K your baby gets in the shot will not cause an overdose. Or they might be worried that their baby might get up to 100mcg/L of aluminum with each shot. Of course, since they are only getting 0.5ml with the shot, that only equals about 0.05mcg of aluminum! Although it is an extremely tiny amount, why is it even in there? It is not working as an adjuvant as some would propose (again, vitamin K is not a vaccine), but rather is likely just a byproduct of the manufacturing process. And you can be assured that your baby can quickly, and safely eliminate the small amount from their body. [...] There are isolated case reports of anaphylaxis in newborns to other things, including antibiotics, hepatitis B immunoglobulin, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and atracurium (used in anesthesia) \u2013 but not to vitamin K shots.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Alzheimer\u2019s disease is a \u201cphysician-caused disease\u201d that arises due to nutritional deficiencies", "evidence": "Nutritional deficiencies of vitamin B1 (thiamine), caused by chronic alcoholism, and of vitamin B12 can be reversed with treatment. People who have abused substances such as alcohol and recreational drugs sometimes display signs of dementia even after the substance abuse has stopped.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Alzheimer\u2019s disease is a \u201cphysician-caused disease\u201d that arises due to nutritional deficiencies", "evidence": "Alzheimer\u2019s disease is a physical illness which damages a person\u2019s brain. This eventually causes dementia. Alzheimer\u2019s disease is the most common cause of dementia. [...] The term 'Alzheimer's disease' \u2013 or Alzheimer\u2019s \u2013 can be used to describe the physical disease that damages the brain, as well as the type of dementia that the disease causes.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Alzheimer\u2019s disease is a \u201cphysician-caused disease\u201d that arises due to nutritional deficiencies", "evidence": "Incorrect: Alzheimer\u2019s disease is not a physician-caused disease. To date, the exact cause of Alzheimer\u2019s is unknown, but it is thought to arise from a combination of age-related, genetic, and environmental factors. [...] Furthermore, it\u2019s also unclear whether it is actually nutritional deficiencies that contribute to Alzheimer\u2019s or if it is Alzheimer\u2019s itself that causes nutritional deficiencies since the disease can lead to changes in diet and lifestyle. [...] The claim that Alzheimer\u2019s is caused by nutritional deficiencies is incorrect and overstates the scientific evidence for the role of nutrition in Alzheimer\u2019s. Contrary to the claim made in the Facebook reel, Alzheimer\u2019s is a complex disease that is associated with multiple factors, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Although some studies suggest that certain vitamin deficiencies might play a role in the risk of developing Alzheimer\u2019s, when the evidence is taken as a whole, the findings are contradictory and insufficient to establish a definite link. Therefore, this video grossly oversimplifies the causes for Alzheimer\u2019s disease.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines can be sexually transmitted to unvaccinated people; vaccines cause blood discoloration and weaken immune system", "evidence": "Available COVID-19 vaccines only use protein fragments of the SARS-CoV-2 virus or genetic information to produce these fragments instead of a full virus. Thus, COVID-19 vaccines cannot replicate in the body nor can they pass from one person to another.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines can be sexually transmitted to unvaccinated people; vaccines cause blood discoloration and weaken immune system", "evidence": "Factually inaccurate: There is no available scientific evidence supporting the claims that COVID-19 vaccines cause blood discoloration or weaken the immune system. [...] A video from naturopath Aaron Lewis circulated on social media in September 2023 claiming that COVID-19 vaccines could be sexually transmitted from a vaccinated person to an unvaccinated one. To support his claim, Lewis showed what was allegedly a micrograph of blood from an unvaccinated person soon after sexual intercourse with a COVID-19-vaccinated individual. Lewis then claimed that the blood started to look like \"a vaccinated person\u2019s blood\". Among what Lewis considered to be the hallmarks of a vaccinated person\u2019s blood were blood \"discoloration\" as well as a large amount of the fungus Candida. Lewis then added that \"mass level of candida\" \"means that the white blood cells are non-responsive\".", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ancient civilizations once inhabited Antarctica, as shown by the pyramids there, but the continent\u2019s position and climate rapidly changed due to \u2018tectonics and pole shift\u2019.", "evidence": "Some of the most intriguing discoveries in Antarctica aren\u2019t artifacts from ancient civilizations, but from our own, dating to a time as recently as a century ago, sometimes less. The sailors and explorers of those times were plumbing the depths of a harsh and largely unknown country, using the best knowledge and equipment of the day. [...] Did Ancient Humans Ever Live in Antarctica? [...] With such rich recent history to examine and preserve, it seems a shame that so much online energy and excitement should be devoted to the pseudoscientific ideas and fanciful notions about supposed Antarctic civilizations \u2014 for which, to be clear, there is not a shred of proof.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ancient civilizations once inhabited Antarctica, as shown by the pyramids there, but the continent\u2019s position and climate rapidly changed due to \u2018tectonics and pole shift\u2019.", "evidence": "Pyramid-shaped peaks in Antarctica are naturally carved by glaciers, not constructed by an ancient civilization", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Aluminum in vaccines causes neurological damage and autism", "evidence": "Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are serious multisystem developmental disorders and an urgent global public health concern. Dysfunctional immunity and impaired brain function are core deficits in ASD. Aluminum (Al), the most commonly used vaccine adjuvant, is a demonstrated neurotoxin and a strong immune stimulator. Hence, adjuvant Al has the potential to induce neuroimmune disorders. When assessing adjuvant toxicity in children, two key points ought to be considered: (i) children should not be viewed as \"small adults\" as their unique physiology makes them much more vulnerable to toxic insults; and (ii) if exposure to Al from only few vaccines can lead to cognitive impairment and autoimmunity in adults, is it unreasonable to question whether the current pediatric schedules, often containing 18 Al adjuvanted vaccines, are safe for children? By applying Hill's criteria for establishing causality between exposure and outcome we investigated whether exposure to Al from vaccines could be contributing to the rise in ASD prevalence in the Western world.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Aluminum in vaccines causes neurological damage and autism", "evidence": "Scientific evidence shows that vaccines are safe and not associated with autism. The amount of aluminum present in vaccines is very low, in fact much lower than the amount of aluminum in the diet of infants. Furthermore, the biologically active form of aluminum cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, hence it cannot cause damage to the brain or autism.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Aluminum in vaccines causes neurological damage and autism", "evidence": "Impaired brain function, excessive inflammation, and autoimmune manifestations are common in autism. Aluminum (Al), the most commonly used vaccine adjuvant, is a demonstrated neurotoxin and a strong immune stimulator. Hence, adjuvant Al has the necessary properties to induce neuroimmune disorders. Because peripheral immune stimuli in the postnatal period can compromise brain development and cause permanent neurological impairments, the possibility that such outcomes could also occur with administration of Al vaccine adjuvants needs to be considered. In regard to the risk of adjuvant toxicity in children, the following should be noted: (i) children should not be viewed as \"small adults\" as their unique physiology makes them more vulnerable to toxic insults; (ii) in adult humans Al adjuvants can cause a variety of serious autoimmune and inflammatory conditions including those affecting the brain, yet children are routinely exposed to much higher amounts of Al from vaccines than adults; (iii) compelling evidence has underscored the tight connection between the development of the immune system and that of the brain. Thus, it appears plausible that disruptions of critical events in immune development may also play a role in the establishment of neurobehavioral disorders; (iv) the same immune system components that play key roles in brain development appear to be targeted for impairment by Al adjuvants. In summary, research data suggests that vaccines containing Al may be a contributing etiological factor in the increasing incidence of autism. [...] Banks WA, Kastin AJ. Aluminum-induced neurotoxicity: alterations in membrane function at the blood-brain barrier. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1989;13(1):47\u201353.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction\"", "evidence": "Often photographed clinging to Arctic ice floes as its habitat melts away into warming waters, the polar bear is the poster child for U.S. efforts to save wildlife on the brink of extinction using the Endangered Species Act. [...] When the George W. Bush administration listed the polar bear as threatened in 2008, it helped raise public awareness about the connection between global warming and the plight of iconic wildlife. But the Bush administration stipulated that the listing could not be used to regulate the greenhouse gas emissions that are causing the polar bear\u2019s habitat to melt away. \"The polar bear was the first species protected under the Endangered Species Act solely because of threats from global warming,\" said Shaye Wolf, climate science director for the Center for Biological Diversity, an environmental group. \"The listing not only raised public awareness that climate change is already driving vulnerable species like the polar bear toward extinction, but also forced the Bush administration to adopt the consensus view of the world\u2019s scientists on global warming.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction\"", "evidence": "Polar bear: A polar bear is fit to swim 100 miles for food, in search of mates or, more recently, just some ice to stand on. With five inches of blubber keeping this enormous bear prepared for subzero temperatures, the largest member of the bear family has adapted to remarkable Arctic conditions. The fat stored in a polar bear carcass becomes essential food for other Arctic species, like the Arctic fox. However, the extreme impacts that human-caused climate change has had on the Arctic is pushing the polar bear closer to extinction. [...] Listed as a \"threatened\" species in 2008, polar bears are rapidly losing the sea ice they use to hunt, mate and raise their young. Polar bear numbers increased following the establishment of hunting regulations in the 1970s and today stand at 20,000 to 25,000. However, the rapid decline of Arctic sea ice because of global warming has reversed this trend, and currently at least five of the 19 polar bear populations are declining. The U.S. Geological Survey predicts that under current greenhouse gas emission trends, two-thirds of the world\u2019s polar bears, including all those in Alaska, will likely disappear by 2050.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Childhood vaccines contain \u201cmixed up toxins\u201d including formaldehyde, aluminum, aborted fetal DNA, fetal bovine serum, monkey kidney cells, mercury, pig circoviruses", "evidence": "\u25feAfrican Green Monkey Kidney Cells - Can carry the SV-40 cancer-causing virus that has already tainted about 30 million Americans. [...] \u25feDNA from porcine (pig) Circovirus type-1 \u25feHuman embryonic lung cell cultures (from aborted fetuses) \u2733You can view all of these ingredients on the CDCs website. I encourage everyone to do their own research. Look up the MSDS on these chemicals. Read the thousands of peer reviewed studies that have evaluated the biological consequences these chemicals can have on the body, especially when being injected.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Salt and corn gluten meal are used to kill mice, they are hazardous to humans", "evidence": "There are some products sold that claim to be safe for people and wildlife, but that kill rodents like rats and mice. One of these is corn gluten mea... [...] There are some products sold that claim to be safe for people and wildlife, but that kill rodents like rats and mice. One of these is corn gluten meal. But I am not finding any scientific evidence it kills mice; just anecdotal. In fact, I found a couple of science documents that said rats in labs are fed, in part, corn gluten!! [...] Is Corn Gluten Meal an effective (prove it) Rodenticide?", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Salt and corn gluten meal are used to kill mice, they are hazardous to humans", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: Salt and corn gluten meal are used to kill mice, they are hazardous to humans; \"ALL of the ingredients in this mouse poison are found in our every day food. If it\u2019s killing mice\u2026what is it doing to your body?\" In late June 2024, dentist and wellness YouTuber Michelle Jorgensen claimed in a Facebook reel that \"a lot of processed food that [people] are eating has the same exact ingredients as mice poison\". She implied that salt and corn-containing processed food is hazardous to humans based on the fact that some rodenticides use the same ingredients to kill mice and rats. [...] In summary, while table salt and corn gluten meal are used in rodenticides, this doesn\u2019t mean that they\u2019re toxic to humans. Both ingredients are lethal to rodents because they form a thick plug that physically obstructs the airway of rodents. Since rodents are unable to vomit, this obstruction leads to suffocation and death. However, this mechanism doesn\u2019t occur in humans. It\u2019s safe for humans to consume salt and corn-derived products as part of a balanced diet.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Autopsies performed by the Italian pathologists [have] shown that [COVID-19] is not pneumonia but it is disseminated intravascular coagulation\"", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: \"It is now clear that the whole world has been attacking the so-called coronavirus pandemic wrongly due to a serious pathophysiological diagnosis error. ... Autopsies performed by the Italian pathologists [have] shown that it is not pneumonia but it is disseminated intravascular coagulation (thrombosis) which ought to be fought with antibiotics, antivirals, anti-inflammatories and anticoagulants.\" The claim that autopsies in Italy prove that COVID-19 is not pneumonia but disseminated intravascular coagulation began circulating from mid-April 2020 onwards on various platforms such as Whatsapp, YouTube and Facebook in several languages such as Spanish, French, German, and more recently, English. English-language Facebook posts, based on a blog post making the same claim, went viral towards the end of May 2020, receiving more than 810,000 views to date. [...] Various versions of a message are being highly circulated across social media, which says that, according to Italian physicians, the virus SARS-CoV-2 is being \"treated wrongly\", as the cause of death in patients is not pneumonia but a \"disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (thrombosis)\". There has also been a highly circulated video attributed to the Honduran physician and neuropsychologist Daniel Davila Nolasco regarding the same claim.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Blank COVID-19 vaccine safety inserts show there are no safety and effectiveness studies for these vaccines", "evidence": "COVID-19 vaccines went through clinical trials to determine their effectiveness and safety before they were authorized for use. The Nuremberg Code is a set of ten principles defining legitimate medical research. However, the Code doesn\u2019t apply to medical interventions that were already tested in clinical trials and shown to be safe and effective, like the COVID-19 vaccines.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "the U.S. Climate Reference Network[...] finds there has been no warming for the past 14 years at least", "evidence": "Using the data that were available at the time (through 2012), the last climate report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that there had been no statistically significant increase in global surface temperature from 1998-2012. [...] The most likely explanation for the lack of significant warming at the Earth\u2019s surface in the past decade or so is that natural climate cycles\u2014a series of La Ni\u00f1a events and a negative phase of the lesser-known Pacific Decadal Oscillation\u2014caused shifts in ocean circulation patterns that moved some excess heat into the deep ocean. Even so, recent years have been some of the warmest on record, and scientists expect temperatures will swing back up soon. [...] Just because the global surface temperature has not risen significantly in the past decade doesn't mean the Earth's heat energy imbalance has vanished, though. Excess heat energy trapped by greenhouses gases can have more than one fate in the Earth system; among other things, it can cause water to evaporate, it can melt ice, and it can be mixed into the deep ocean by overturning currents.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Moderna was already producing COVID-19 vaccines before the beginning of the pandemic", "evidence": "An article published on the website News Punch on Feb. 10 said, \"Moderna CEO St\u00e9phane Bancel has been caught admitting to his friends at the World Economic Forum that his company produced 100,000 doses of Covid-19 vaccine doses in 2019 \u2013 before the pandemic started.\" [...] An article and Instagram posts claim Moderna CEO St\u00e9phane Bancel said the company produced 100,000 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine before the pandemic. [...] Health Feedback, Moderna didn\u2019t already produce COVID-19 mRNA vaccines before the pandemic; statement by CEO of Moderna misinterpreted, Feb. 14, 2023", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Babies under six months shouldn\u2019t drink water as it can result in health risks", "evidence": "Facebook reel correctly claims that babies under six months shouldn\u2019t drink water [...] Correct: Babies under the age of six months receive adequate hydration and nutrition through breast milk or formula. They don\u2019t need to drink water, and doing so can in fact lead to health complications such as electrolyte and nutritional imbalances. A Facebook reel posted on 13 June 2024 claimed that giving water to babies under the age of six months can result in health risks, including reduced nutrient intake and infections from contaminated water. It also noted that \"too much water can cause low sodium levels, leading to brain swelling, seizures, and even death\".", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Babies under six months shouldn\u2019t drink water as it can result in health risks", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: Giving water to babies under six months can result in health risks including water intoxication, electrolyte imbalance, reduced nutrient intake, water contamination, and hyponatremia A Facebook reel posted on 13 June 2024 claimed that giving water to babies under the age of six months can result in health risks, including reduced nutrient intake and infections from contaminated water. It also noted that \"too much water can cause low sodium levels, leading to brain swelling, seizures, and even death\". [...] Infants\u2019 delicate physiology and developing systems aren\u2019t equipped to handle consuming water. Breast milk and formula fulfill all of a baby\u2019s nutritional needs prior to the age of six months.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Babies under six months shouldn\u2019t drink water as it can result in health risks", "evidence": "While water is necessary for adults, it's not so with infants. They get meet their fluids needs in other ways. David Berger, M.D. founder and owner of Wholistic Pediatrics & Family Care, and founder of Wholistic ReLeaf, says that drinking water even at 6 months of age, is not entirely necessary. \"Babies get all of the fluid they need through breast milk or formula,\" he continues. So if your 6-month-old only has a sip of water at first, rest assured that breast milk and/or formula will be enough to stave off any thirst. Baby Feeding Chart: How Much Infants Eat in the First Year Why Shouldn't Babies Under 6 Months Drink Water? Giving infants water before 6 months can pose some risks. Most notably, if a baby \"fills up\" on water, it might impede their ability to receive adequate nutrients. \"Giving water to them at this stage puts them at risk of consuming less breast milk or formula, thereby not receiving all the nutrients they provide,\" explains Dr. Johns. It's important to keep up with regular feedings of formula or breast milk so that babies can grow up healthily, with all the vitamins their body craves.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases", "evidence": "Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions [...] Greenhouse gases trap heat and make the planet warmer. Human activities are responsible for almost all of the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere over the last 150 years.1 The largest source of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities in the United States is from burning fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation. [...] There are a wide variety of industrial activities that cause greenhouse gas emissions, and many opportunities to reduce them. The table shown below provides some examples of opportunities for industry to reduce emissions. For a more comprehensive list, see Chapter 11 of the Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 1", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases", "evidence": "Water vapor is Earth\u2019s most abundant greenhouse gas. It\u2019s responsible for about half of Earth\u2019s greenhouse effect \u2014 the process that occurs when gases in Earth\u2019s atmosphere trap the Sun\u2019s heat. Greenhouse gases keep our planet livable. Without them, Earth\u2019s surface temperature would be about 59 degrees Fahrenheit (33 degrees Celsius) colder. Water vapor is also a key part of Earth\u2019s water cycle: the path that all water follows as it moves around Earth\u2019s atmosphere, land, and ocean as liquid water, solid ice, and gaseous water vapor. [...] The greenhouse gases in the dry air in Earth\u2019s atmosphere include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons. While making up around 0.05% of Earth\u2019s total atmosphere, they play major roles in trapping Earth\u2019s radiant heat from the Sun and keeping it from escaping into space. Each is driven directly by human activities. [...] Carbon dioxide is responsible for a third of the total warming of Earth\u2019s climate due to human-produced greenhouse gases. Small increases in its concentration have major effects. A key reason is the length of time carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sea level rise could reach six or seven feet by the year 2100.", "evidence": "Continuing greenhouse gas emissions growth could result in a sea level rise of 0.5 meters (20 inches) to as much as 1 or 2 meters (3.3-6.6 feet) by the year 2100.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Sea level rise could reach six or seven feet by the year 2100.", "evidence": "Global mean sea level rose rapidly following the last ice age approximately 20,000 years ago. However, the rate of sea level rise slowed and has been nearly stable over the last few thousand years. Since around 1900, global average sea level has risen by about 7-8 inches (Hayhoe et al. 2018, NCA4) and the rate of sea level rise has been accelerating in recent decades as ocean temperatures warm. Nearly half of this rise in sea levels has occurred since 1993, and the rate of global mean level rise since 1993 has been approximately 3.4 mm per year. It is virtually certain that global mean sea levels will continue to rise throughout the 21st century and beyond. [...] Projections in the relative sea level rise along the contiguous U.S. coastline range from 1.96 \u2013 7.22 ft (0.6\u20132.2 m) by the year 2100 and 2.62 \u2013 12.8 ft (0.8\u20133.9 m) by the year 2150, relative to sea levels in 2000. However, not all areas will experience the same amount, or rate, of sea level rise due to changes in local land and ocean heights.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines cause leprosy", "evidence": "Leprosy is a disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. Most of the population is already immune to this infection due to natural immunity. It is a slowly progressing disease, with a low risk of transmission, that is curable with a six to twelve months multidrug therapies.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cMost of the victims of the Spanish flu didn\u2019t die from the Spanish flu. They died from bacterial pneumonia. And the bacterial pneumonia was caused by [...] wearing masks\u201d", "evidence": "Scientists announced Monday that they may have solved one of history's biggest biomedical mysteries\u2014why the deadly 1918 \"Spanish flu\" pandemic, which killed perhaps 50 million people worldwide, largely targeted healthy young adults. (Related: \"How Flu Viruses Attack.\") [...] Instead, people aged 18 to 29 died in droves during the outbreak, which killed about 1 in 200 of victims. [...] The overall message of the study is a hopeful one, say the researchers, because the bacterial pneumonia secondary to the 1918 flu that killed most of its victims is treatable with modern antibiotics.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cMost of the victims of the Spanish flu didn\u2019t die from the Spanish flu. They died from bacterial pneumonia. And the bacterial pneumonia was caused by [...] wearing masks\u201d", "evidence": "Bacterial Pneumonia Caused Most Deaths in 1918 Influenza Pandemic [...] The majority of deaths during the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 were not caused by the influenza virus acting alone, report researchers from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health. Instead, most victims succumbed to bacterial pneumonia following influenza virus infection. The pneumonia was caused when bacteria that normally inhabit the nose and throat invaded the lungs along a pathway created when the virus destroyed the cells that line the bronchial tubes and lungs. [...] The work presents complementary lines of evidence from the fields of pathology and history of medicine to support this conclusion. \"The weight of evidence we examined from both historical and modern analyses of the 1918 influenza pandemic favors a scenario in which viral damage followed by bacterial pneumonia led to the vast majority of deaths,\" says co-author NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. \"In essence, the virus landed the first blow while bacteria delivered the knockout punch.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Abortion is never medically necessary", "evidence": "US: 30,000 Doctors say abortion is never medically necessary to save a mother's life Medical leaders representing more than 30,000 American doctors said intentionally killing an unborn baby in an abortion is never necessary to save a mother\u2019s life. In a letter published at The Public Discourse, leaders of the American College of Paediatricians, American Association of Pro-Life Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and other medical groups explained their support of the Born Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act. [...] Abortion is never medically necessary under any circumstances. The medical leaders promoted perinatal hospice as a life-affirming, compassionate option for babies with life-limiting conditions, \"Perinatal hospice provides optimal care for the mother, honours the life of her child and allows the family the opportunity to acknowledge, love, and mourn its newest member.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The WHO declaration of a public health emergency is a scheme to use vaccines \u201cstocked up in warehouses\u201d; bird flu, parvovirus B19, and monkeypox are \u201crebranding\u201d of the same virus", "evidence": "The WHO Declaration of Monkeypox as a Global Public Health Emergency - PMID: 35895041 - DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.12513 [...] Monkeypox: WHO declares a public health emergency of international concern.BMJ. 2022 Jul 26;378:o1874. doi: 10.1136/bmj.o1874. BMJ. 2022. PMID: 35882402 No abstract available. WHO declared monkeypox a public-health emergency of international concern: A case for prevention rationale.Int J Surg. 2022 Sep;105:106850. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106850. Epub 2022 Aug 24. Int J Surg. 2022. PMID: 36028142 Free PMC article. No abstract available.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The WHO declaration of a public health emergency is a scheme to use vaccines \u201cstocked up in warehouses\u201d; bird flu, parvovirus B19, and monkeypox are \u201crebranding\u201d of the same virus", "evidence": "Incorrect Health Posted on: 2024-08-20 WHO declaration of public health emergency triggered by worsening of mpox outbreak in Africa, not a ploy to push for using vaccine stocks Claim: The WHO declaration of a public health emergency is a scheme to use vaccines \"stocked up in warehouses\"; bird flu, parvovirus B19, and monkeypox are \"rebranding\" of the same virus Source: Instagram, Rizza Islam, 2024-08-14", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Coronavirus contains 'HIV insertions'", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: Coronavirus contains 'HIV insertions', stoking fears over artificially created bioweapon The claim that the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) contains artificially-introduced insertions from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), thereby proving it is man-made, went viral on Facebook and other social media platforms like Twitter in early February 2020. One of the most viral of these articles appeared on websites known to publish misinformation in the past, such as ZeroHedge and Infowars, and was written by an anonymous person under the fictitious name of Tyler Durden. [...] Nevertheless, the paper\u2019s findings have been used by many on social media as evidence to support the baseless assertion that 2019-nCoV is a man-made virus. The authors had reported finding \"4 insertions in the spike glycoprotein (S) which are unique to 2019-nCoV and are not present in other coronaviruses\". The authors further asserted that \"all of [these inserts] have identity/similarity to amino acids residues in key structural proteins of HIV-1 [which] is unlikely to be fortuitous in nature\".", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A public information film on the coronavirus was released in the 1970s", "evidence": "A public information film offering tips to prevent coronavirus infection that allegedly dates to the 1970s is actually a parody of the public service films that the U.K. Central Office of Information produced and distributed nationally between 1946 and 2011.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A public information film on the coronavirus was released in the 1970s", "evidence": "Public information film on coronavirus allegedly from the 1970s is a parody published in 2020 A public information film offering tips to prevent coronavirus infection that allegedly dates to the 1970s is actually a parody of the public service films that the U.K. Central Office of Information produced and distributed nationally between 1946 and 2011. Factually inaccurate: The 1970s coronavirus public information film shown on various social media posts is actually a parody published on 24 May 2020, shortly after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe clothing industry contributes up to 10% of the pollution driving the climate crisis.\u201d", "evidence": "Globally, the fashion industry is estimated to contribute 3 - 10% of the greenhouse gas emissions that are causing climate change, based on scientific studies and reports from the United Nations and charities. The clothing industry has a variety of other environmental impacts, including intensive water use, water pollution through dying and textile production, and pesticide and herbicide pollution through the agricultural production of cotton. Microplastics, which are shed primarily from synthetic textiles during washing, are also polluting the oceans, potentially negatively impacting human health and natural ecosystems.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe clothing industry contributes up to 10% of the pollution driving the climate crisis.\u201d", "evidence": "The claim appeared in an Instagram post published by the clothing company Patagonia in late November 2020, and has received more than 502,000 views. Although the post does not indicate the source of the claim, scientific studies estimate that clothing contributes 3 to 10% of greenhouse gas emissions that drive climate change[1,2]. In addition, clothing production and use causes water pollution, pesticide pollution, and the release of microplastics into the ocean that can negatively impact human health and natural ecosystems[3-5]. [...] Overall the claim, \"the clothing industry contributes up to 10% of the pollution driving the climate crisis\" is accurate, as it falls within 1 to 10% range of estimates for GHG emissions in scientific studies and organization reports. In addition, clothing production and consumption can be an energy- and water-intensive process that causes water pollution, microplastic release, and human health impacts. [...] The claim [that the fashion contributes] up to 10% [of pollution driving the climate crisis] is not very far from the United Nations\u2019 research estimate, which is 8%.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe clothing industry contributes up to 10% of the pollution driving the climate crisis.\u201d", "evidence": "Globally, the fashion industry is estimated to contribute 3 - 10% of the greenhouse gas emissions that are causing climate change, based on scientific studies and reports from the United Nations and charities. The clothing industry has a variety of other environmental impacts, including intensive water use, water pollution through dying and textile production, and pesticide and herbicide pollution through the agricultural production of cotton. Microplastics, which are shed primarily from synthetic textiles during washing, are also polluting the oceans, potentially negatively impacting human health and natural ecosystems. [...] Overall the claim, \"the clothing industry contributes up to 10% of the pollution driving the climate crisis\" is accurate, as it falls within 1 to 10% range of estimates for GHG emissions in scientific studies and organization reports. In addition, clothing production and consumption can be an energy- and water-intensive process that causes water pollution, microplastic release, and human health impacts. [...] The claim [that the fashion contributes] up to 10% [of pollution driving the climate crisis] is not very far from the United Nations\u2019 research estimate, which is 8%.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cFauci frankensteined Covid bats on our soil a year before the pandemic, but then acted all shocked when the virus started spreading\u201d ; Fauci\u2019s goons went to the Wuhan lab, bottled up a virus and brought it to a lab in America\u201d", "evidence": "Paul has posited that Fauci, among others, \"could be culpable for the entire pandemic,\" if the SARS-CoV-2 virus leaked from a Wuhan lab that was conducting gain-of-function research. But there is no proof of a lab leak, and there is evidence that the bat coronaviruses studied under the NIH grant could not have caused the pandemic. See, \"The Wuhan Lab and the Gain-of-Function Disagreement,\" May 21, 2021, and \"Fauci and Paul, Round 2,\" July 22, 2021 [...] See, \"Old Photo Shows Obama, Fauci at U.S. Facility \u2014 Not \u2018Wuhan Lab,'\"July 17, 2020", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cFauci frankensteined Covid bats on our soil a year before the pandemic, but then acted all shocked when the virus started spreading\u201d ; Fauci\u2019s goons went to the Wuhan lab, bottled up a virus and brought it to a lab in America\u201d", "evidence": "An article in the Daily Mail quotes the president and founder of WCW, Anthony Bellotti, as saying: \"Our investigation has uncovered the real-life horror story of how a shady roadside zoo whose curator was an NIH animal experimenter shipped off bats to a deadly government virus lab overseen by Dr. Fauci to be infected with a coronavirus obtained directly from the Wuhan lab that experts believe caused COVID.\" [...] According to fact checkers at healthfeedback.org, Fox News\u2019s Jesse Watters, who took over the primetime slot formerly occupied by Tucker Carlson, also began making claims about the work done on pathogens by NIAID at Rocky Mountain Laboratory (RML) based on inaccurate or unsubstantiated assumptions in his November 1, 2023 primetime show. Watters posted an excerpt on his Facebook page in which he claimed \"Fauci frankensteined Covid bats on our soil a year before the pandemic, but then acted all shocked when the virus started spreading\" and calls for \"Fauci and everybody up in Montana\" to be locked up and refers to the WCW Project\u2019s \"expose\" which cited as supporting evidence a study from 2018 by Van Doremalen et al. [...] Watters also stated, \"In 2018, Fauci\u2019s goons went to the Wuhan lab, bottled up a virus and brought it to a lab in America\" and \"grabbed a dozen Egyptian fruit bats, threw them in the back of a van.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cFauci frankensteined Covid bats on our soil a year before the pandemic, but then acted all shocked when the virus started spreading\u201d ; Fauci\u2019s goons went to the Wuhan lab, bottled up a virus and brought it to a lab in America\u201d", "evidence": "- FOX NEWS- repeating Pres. Biden\u2019s cognitive screw ups day after day like \u2018GROUND HOG DAY!\u2019 but never getting it RIGHT until both FOX NEWS Personalities & Viewers alike are BATTY as BATS in the BELFRY!!!!!!! Actual REAL LIFE BATS are Enjoyable to observe in erratic flight, BLESSED WITH IMMUNE SYSTEMS more ABLE to BEAT BACK VIRUSES like COVID! By our reckless bull in a china tea shop self centered behavior- imagining we are MASTERS over MOTHER NATURE, modern society ENABLES ZOONOTICS- VIRUSES jumping from other LIFE FORMS to We HUMAN LIFE FORMS!!! The current outbreak theory is that the biological research lab. in Wuhan created a deadly virulent gain of function. BATTY COVID specifically designed to infect & terribly sicken we humans! Conspiracy theorists claim Pres. Obama banned GAIN of FUNCTION research in America circa 2014 so Fauci\u2019s Associates funded research in China\u2019s viral Lab! Other conspiracy theorists argue COVID was released circa China\u2019s World Military Games in Oct- Nov. 2019? China acted by a HARD INTERNAL LOCK DOWN while enabling international travel & covering up the Plague\u2019s virulence damning our World!!!!", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\u201cthe COVID vaccines have killed millions of people worldwide, an estimated 1 death per 1,000 doses on average in a standard population\u201d", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: \"Data from the New Zealand Ministry of Health shows that the COVID vaccines have killed over 10 million worldwide\"; \"the COVID vaccines have killed millions of people worldwide, an estimated 1 death per 1,000 doses on average in a standard population\" On 30 November 2023, entrepreneur Steve Kirsch gave a talk at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, claiming that New Zealand data showed COVID-19 vaccines have \"killed over 10 million worldwide\". Kirsch, who had been invited to speak by the student group MIT Students for Open Inquiry, has a record of propagating vaccine misinformation. As documented in previous reviews by Health Feedback, Kirsch\u2019s claims frequently rely on methodologically flawed analyses. [...] He concluded that COVID-19 vaccines were responsible for millions of deaths based on the fact that his analysis showed deaths rose in the first six months after vaccination in those aged 60 and above. The same trend was also seen in an overall analysis for all ages (shown in slides 136 to 140).", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Unapproved genetically modified organisms in the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines could permanently change our DNA", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: \"Australian GP sues Pfizer and Moderna over unapproved GMOs in mRNA Covid vaccines. Dr Julian Fidge is seeking an injunction to stop the distribution of the mRNA Covid vaccines. But the human genome could already be permanently altered.\"; \"In tests conducted on the mRNA monovalents and bivalents, genomics expert Kevin McKernan found dangerously excessive levels of DNA contamination\" In November 2023, Gentry Gevers, host of the Break Away USA podcast, posted a screenshot of a tweet by journalist Rebekah Barnett on Instagram that read \"Australian GP sues Pfizer and Moderna over unapproved GMOs in mRNA Covid vaccines\". It also claimed \"the human genome could already be permanently altered\". [...] COVID-19 mRNA vaccines don\u2019t contain organisms. As such, the claim that they contain \"unapproved GMOs\" is inaccurate. One example of a COVID-19 vaccine that does contain a GMO and is regulated as such is the AstraZeneca-Oxford COVID-19 vaccine, as it uses a modified adenovirus vector to deliver the genetic material of the spike protein into cells.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Unapproved genetically modified organisms in the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines could permanently change our DNA", "evidence": "No signs of DNA mutation or COVID-19 vaccine-induced cancer have been reported to date for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. This refutes claims made on September 12, 2023 during a Pandemic Preparedness Listening Session hosted by the Senate Medical Affairs. During the session, the Committee heard remarks pertaining to the Pfizer-BioNTech messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine, incorrectly stating that the vaccine could potentially impact a person\u2019s DNA and be a theoretical cancer risk. There is no evidence to support these claims. [...] - Does an mRNA vaccine change your DNA? No, mRNA vaccines do not alter your DNA. In fact, they don\u2019t interact directly with your DNA at all.9 - Did the FDA unauthorize the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine?", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 mRNA vaccines aren\u2019t vaccines, according to court ruling", "evidence": "Vaccines stimulate immunity to infectious diseases with the purpose of reducing the risk of disease transmission, severe illness, and death. By this measure, COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are indeed vaccines. Evidence from clinical trials and real-world data show that they reduce the risk of infection, serious illness, and death from COVID-19.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan\u2019s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality", "evidence": "Research has also shown the levels of aluminum found in vaccines are so low that they can't easily be absorbed by the body, let alone the brain. There has been no evidence of vaccines being the cause of illness of developmental disorders. [...] A year-old video being reshared on Instagram claims that aluminum nanoparticles in vaccines cause a variety of illnesses and developmental disorders. The caption implies the COVID-19 vaccines also contain aluminum and contribute to health issues. Although several vaccines do contain a miniscule amount of aluminum, research has found it\u2019s not enough to be absorbed by the body. Humans already ingest amounts of aluminum just by living their everyday lives as it can be found in food, water and the air.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "A \u201czapper\u201d can kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses; it cures all diseases", "evidence": "Dr. Hulda Clark conducted a great deal of research, testing millions of frequencies, to identify an exact ratio effective for eliminating harmful organisms. The result of that research is the zapper and the associated technique of zapping. The process uses a low-voltage device set at a specific frequency to kill bacteria, viruses, and parasites. [...] The zapper is the device that was researched, designed, and evented by Dr. Hulda Clark. The machine is designed to kill parasites, bacteria, viruses, molds, and even fungi using electrical charges. When used appropriately, the mechanism eliminates viruses and bacteria within a mere three minutes; tapeworms, roundworms, and flukes in five minutes; and mites in seven. [...] Essentially, the benefits of zapping center on the elimination of parasites, bacteria, viruses, and fungi. However, the system is more developed to meet those needs.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "A \u201czapper\u201d can kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses; it cures all diseases", "evidence": "Any positively offset [DC] frequency kills all bacteria, viruses and parasites simultaneously given sufficient voltage (5 to 10 volts), duration (seven minutes), and frequency (anything from 10 Hz to 500'000 Hz). But it takes more than one treatment. It takes three treatments to kill everything. Why? The first zapping kills viruses, bacteria and parasites. But a few minutes later, bacteria and viruses (different ones) often recur. I conclude they had been infecting the parasites, and killing the parasites released them. The second zapping kills the released viruses and bacteria, but soon a few viruses appear again. They must have been infecting some of the last bacteria. After a third zapping I never find any viruses, bacteria or parasites, even hours later. (From: \"The Cure for All Diseases\", p. 13ff.; copyright notice [link to web page www.drclark.net/utilities/copyright.htm]. [...] Or you may zap [link to web page www.drclark.net/disease/zapper.htm] the virus with electricity for 7 minutes and eliminate it that way. Build or purchase [link to web page www.drclark.net/utilities/b&p.htm] a zapper immediately. Using the herbal recipe [link to web page www.drclark.net/disease/p_cleanse.htm] along with the zapper is best.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "[T]he raw data, the actual thermometer data[...] shows that the US has been cooling for 80 to 90 years. But the graphs they release to the public show warming trend, and it's all because they've altered the data.", "evidence": "Most of the information published on this blog is not derived from peer-reviewed research; in fact, Mr. Heller explains why peer-reviewed studies in climate change are \"worthless\" Why Climate Science Peer Review Is Worthless. In general, Real Climate Science is opposed to Real Climate Science. But the graphs they release to the public show warming trend, and it\u2019s all because they\u2019ve altered the data.\" \u2013 Inaccurate - \"NASA scientists fudged the numbers to make 1998 the hottest year to overstate the extent of global warming.\" \u2013 Pants on Fire - \"[NASA] has been adjusting temperatures from the past[\u2026] downward, while adjusting current-day temperatures upward, and those changes are responsible for most of the claimed global warming during that time.\" \u2013 Inaccurate [...] Left vs. Right Bias: How we rate the bias of media sources", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cAn accurate reporting by Pfizer would have shown equal numbers of clinical trial deaths in the vaccine and placebo groups and thus, no benefit of vaccination\u201d", "evidence": "When COVID-19 vaccines were first tested, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration had asked that manufacturers demonstrate first and foremost their vaccine\u2019s ability to reduce the risk of getting COVID-19. The Pfizer-BioNTech 2020 clinical trial showed a 95% efficacy in reducing that risk. Furthermore, real-world analysis performed after the worldwide COVID-19 vaccination campaign showed that all-cause mortality was lower among vaccinated individuals.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Vaccines have caused an \"explosion\" of childhood cancer; vaccine package insert states vaccines weren\u2019t tested for mutagenic effect", "evidence": "Childhood vaccines typically don\u2019t undergo testing for carcinogenicity and mutagenicity because their safety has already been demonstrated in earlier studies. Published scientific studies so far haven\u2019t found reliable evidence showing that childhood vaccination increases the risk of childhood cancer. In fact, some childhood vaccines, such as the Hepatitis B vaccine and the human papillomavirus vaccine, protect individuals from certain cancers.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Recent Study Shows How Sunscreen Causes Cancer, Not the Sun", "evidence": "Exposure to UV radiation is a well-established risk factor for skin cancer. There is strong scientific evidence showing that sunscreen helps to reduce the risk of skin cancer, although many factors can influence the effectiveness of sunscreen in preventing skin cancer, such as genetic risk factors and the manner in which sunscreen is used (e.g. amount applied, re-application over time). The claim that sunscreen causes cancer is not supported by scientific evidence.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents", "evidence": "WHO \u2018pandemic treaty\u2019 draft doesn\u2019t sign over US sovereignty CLAIM: A legally-binding World Health Organization \"pandemic treaty\" will give the organization the authority to control U.S. policies during a pandemic, including those on vaccines, lockdowns, school closures and more. [...] \"It should be noted that the US is far from agreeing to sign the Pandemic Treaty, and it will take many months, or longer, even to negotiate a text,\" Gostin said, adding, \"Even if the United States signs the treaty, it would not empower WHO to make any public health decisions in the US or in any other country.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe greatest trick the CDC ever pulled was convincing the world you can be sick without having symptoms\u201d", "evidence": "\u2015 Moneyball \u2015 Moneyball \"The greatest trick the CDC ever pulled was convincing the world containment wasn\u2019t possible,\" she said. \"Our dignity was lost in not even trying to contain it.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Father of Global Warming\u2019 Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong", "evidence": "The article expands on this by claiming that the inaccurate analysis \"has received Hansen\u2019s backing\", and that Hansen admitted he was \"\u2018devastated\u2019 by the way his data has been used by climate alarmists\". No source is provided for these statements. The headline of the Western Journal commentary claimed \"Father of Global Warming\u2019s Theory Devastated by Actual Data\", but there is no quote in which Hansen supports this claim. The only Hansen quote in any of these articles is taken from an article published by the Associated Press, which was titled \"James Hansen wishes he wasn\u2019t so right about global warming\". In this article, Hansen says, \"I don\u2019t want to be right in that sense,\" in the context of his accurate projections of the warming that has now occurred. So the other statement attributed to Hansen by the NewsPunch and Principia Scientific article\u2014that he \"finally admits theory is wrong\"\u2014is also invented, as Hansen did not say this.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Cat parasite\" causes toxoplasmosis; toxoplasmosis increases ghrelin hormone levels", "evidence": "The parasite does not usually cause much damage to immunocompetent hosts; however, it has been associated with cognitive impairments, emotional disturbances, and schizophrenia (8). Recent studies have shown that the transmission of T. gondii is also facilitated by the ability to modify its host\u2019s behavior (9-11). According to the manipulation hypothesis, specific parasites can change host behavior for their own benefit (1). Toxoplasma gondii-infected rats and mice had a less innate fear of the odor of cat urine; this effect is useful for the parasite (1). The mechanisms for these changes have not been clearly identified to date; however, there is evidence that toxoplasmosis increases dopamine levels in the amygdala in the brain of infected mice by genes encoding the tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme production (12). It is noticeable that the hippocampus and amygdala are structures in the brain associated with natural defense behaviors and emotion processing (13). [...] Zareian P, Mirzaii Dizgah I, Saddel M, Khodabandehloo F. Effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection on anxiety, depression and ghrelin level in male rats. J Parasit Dis. 2016;40(3):688-93. [PubMed ID: 27605768]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC4996174]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-014-0561-0.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Cat parasite\" causes toxoplasmosis; toxoplasmosis increases ghrelin hormone levels", "evidence": "Partially correct Health Posted on: 2024-06-13 Cats can transmit toxoplasmosis to humans, but no evidence links toxoplasmosis to increased \"hunger hormone\" ghrelin Claim: \"Cat parasite\" causes toxoplasmosis; toxoplasmosis increases ghrelin hormone levels Source: YouTube, Facebook, Chervin Jafarieh, Social media user, 2024-06-06", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer", "evidence": "Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of sexually transmitted infections, some of which can increase the risk of cervical, anal, penile, vaginal, vulvar, and oropharyngeal cancers. Vaccines against HPV became available in 2006, and as the first adolescents who received the vaccine age, the incidence of these cancers is expected to decrease. Some experts believe that cervical cancer, which is associated with HPV in more than 90 percent of cases, could be virtually eliminated in the coming decades. [...] A recent study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention investigated how the cervical cancer elimination timeline might differ between high-poverty and low-poverty communities. As the first adolescents who received the HPV vaccine are only beginning to enter the age range where cervical cancer is prominent, researchers have relied on statistical modeling to predict how vaccination will impact cervical cancer incidence in the coming years. In this study, Jennifer Spencer, PhD, an assistant professor at the University of Texas at Austin, who performed this work as a research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health, and her colleagues assembled a series of models based on current data from counties in the highest and lowest quartile of poverty in the U.S.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer", "evidence": "Previous studies have shown that the HPV vaccine is effective at reducing the risk of cervical cancer, however, there has been limited evidence linking it to a decreased likelihood of developing other HPV-related cancers since the introduction of the first version of the vaccine in 2006. [...] Previous research pertaining to HPV-vaccination has primarily focused on outcomes related to cervical cancer. It is the fourth most common cancer globally with about 660,000 new cases diagnosed annually with nearly 350,000 deaths per the World Health Organization. This study examines the HPV-vaccinated persons\u2019 risk of developing cancers of the head and neck, anal areas, penis, vulva, vagina, and cervix. This study also aims to examine the HPV vaccine\u2019s impact on need for surgical treatment of cancer and pre-cancerous lesions. [...] Females vaccinated for HPV had a lower risk of developing cervical cancer (7.4 cases per 100,000 vaccinated patients vs. 10.4 per 100,000 unvaccinated patients) and a lower risk of developing all HPV-related cancers compared to unvaccinated females (11.5 cases per 100,000 vaccinated patients vs. 15.8 per 100,000 unvaccinated patients). However, odds of developing head and neck cancers and vulvar or vaginal cancer were not significantly different in vaccinated females compared to those who had not received the vaccine.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer", "evidence": "According to the World Health Organization, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. In 2022, there were approximately 660,000 new cases of cervical cancer and around 350,000 deaths from cervical cancer. Infection by the sexually-transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer. HPV vaccination can help prevent infection with high-risk HPV types, thereby reducing the risk of cervical cancer.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201c99.2% of U.S. COVID deaths in June were unvaccinated people\u201d", "evidence": "\"We\u2019re seeing 99.5% of deaths right now from Covid-19 in our country are happening among the unvaccinated,\" US Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy told CNN\u2019s Dana Bash on \"State of the Union\" Sunday. In case you missed it: 99.5% of people who are dying from the coronavirus right now are not vaccinated. Which means \u2013 because of math \u2013 that less than one percent of all Covid-19 deaths are among vaccinated people. And it\u2019s no fluke or anomaly either. In June, 99.2% of the people who died from Covid-19 were unvaccinated, according to Dr. Anthony Fauci.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201c99.2% of U.S. COVID deaths in June were unvaccinated people\u201d", "evidence": "More than 99% of the US's Covid-19 deaths in June were among unvaccinated people, says Fauci [...] More than 99% of US Covid-19 deaths in June were among unvaccinated people, Dr. Anthony Fauci said last week. [...] Individual states are reporting similar data: On Friday, Virginia\u2019s health department announced at least 99% of Covid-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths have been among people who were not fully vaccinated. And on Thursday, North Carolina said 99% of all new cases since May are among people that are not fully vaccinated.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201c99.2% of U.S. COVID deaths in June were unvaccinated people\u201d", "evidence": "Nearly all COVID deaths in US are now among unvaccinated Nearly all COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. now are in people who weren\u2019t vaccinated, a staggering demonstration of how effective the shots have been and an indication that deaths per day \u2014 now down to under 300 \u2014 could be practically zero if everyone eligible got the vaccine. [...] Earlier this month, Andy Slavitt, a former adviser to the Biden administration on COVID-19, suggested that 98% to 99% of the Americans dying of the coronavirus are unvaccinated.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Sweetgum balls contain the same active ingredient that Tamiflu contains, which is shikimic acid; It kills viruses including SARS-CoV-2", "evidence": "Sweetgum contains small amounts of shikimic acid, which is the starting point in the industrial manufacture of Tamiflu, a drug for treating influenza. However, there is no evidence that shikimic acid has the same effect. Tamiflu targets a specific protein found in flu viruses, so it doesn\u2019t work against the virus that causes COVID-19, and neither does shikimic acid. [...] The video also makes reference to using sweetgum balls to treat COVID-19. However, as mentioned previously, Tamiflu works by targeting a specific protein in the flu virus. There is no equivalent of the neuraminidase protein in the SARS-CoV-2 virus, so the drug cannot act in the same way that it does with flu[4]. To claim that shikimic acid can help treat COVID-19 would need evidence from research. In summary, shikimic acid is not the active ingredient in Tamiflu. Shikimic acid is chemically altered to produce Tamiflu and will not have the same effect. The amount of shikimic acid in sweetgum balls is very low and it is difficult to extract.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sweetgum balls contain the same active ingredient that Tamiflu contains, which is shikimic acid; It kills viruses including SARS-CoV-2", "evidence": "Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.): extraction of shikimic acid coupled to dilute acid pretreatment - PMID: 20506045 - DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-8947-7 Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.): extraction of shikimic acid coupled to dilute acid pretreatment Liquidambar styraciflua L., also known as sweetgum, is an understory hardwood species that has widespread distribution in the southeast USA, especially in pine plantations. In addition to being a possible biorefinery feedstock, sweetgum contains shikimic acid, which is a precursor for the drug Tamiflu. Sweetgum bark was extracted with 65 degrees C water and yielded 1.7 mg/g of shikimic acid, while sweetgum de-barked wood yielded 0.2 mg/g of shikimic acid. Because shikimic acid can be extracted with water, the coupling of the phytochemical hot water extraction with dilute acid pretreatment was examined. The addition of a 65 degrees C shikimic acid extraction step coupled to pretreatment with 0.98% H(2)SO(4) at 130 degrees C for 50 min resulted in 21% and 17% increases in xylose percent recovery from bark and de-barked wood, respectively. These results indicate that, in addition to recovering a high value product, the 65 degrees C wash step also increases xylose recovery.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sweetgum balls contain the same active ingredient that Tamiflu contains, which is shikimic acid; It kills viruses including SARS-CoV-2", "evidence": "Sweetgum contains small amounts of shikimic acid, which is the starting point in the industrial manufacture of Tamiflu, a drug for treating influenza. However, there is no evidence that shikimic acid has the same effect. Tamiflu targets a specific protein found in flu viruses, so it doesn\u2019t work against the virus that causes COVID-19, and neither does shikimic acid.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Switzerland stops COVID-19 vaccines due to safety concerns", "evidence": "The claim: Switzerland banned COVID-19 vaccine [...] \"Switzerland Bans the COVID Vaccines,\" reads the article's headline. [...] Tesia Williams, a Johnson & Johnson spokesperson, told USA TODAY the company has decided to stop distributing its COVID-19 vaccine in Switzerland due to declining need and the availability of other vaccines.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Switzerland stops COVID-19 vaccines due to safety concerns", "evidence": "Reports of suspected adverse reactions to the COVID-19 vaccines in Switzerland [...] Since the concluding standard report on adverse reactions to the COVID-19 vaccines in Switzerland was published at the end of February 2023, an additional 720 suspicion reports have been evaluated. For an estimated 17 million vaccine doses1 administered to date in Switzerland, Swissmedic received a total of 17,575 reports of suspected reactions in connection with the COVID-19 vaccines up to 30 June 2024. [...] The COVID-19 vaccines are also listed in the annual vaccinovigilance report on the safety of vaccines used in Switzerland. As soon as new, relevant findings are available, Swissmedic will provide information via the usual channels (drug safety communications, Swissmedic Vigilance News, DHPC).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Switzerland stops COVID-19 vaccines due to safety concerns", "evidence": "SWITZERLAND (TND) \u2014 Switzerland will not recommend a COVID-19 vaccine for its citizens during the spring and summer seasons, even for those at high risk of experiencing severe illness from contracting the virus. The country's latest recommendation regarding COVID-19 vaccinations and booster shots came directly from the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), which declared most people in the country had either already been vaccinated \"and/or contracted and recovered from COVID-19\" at this point. [...] Switzerland's decision to rescind its COVID-19 vaccine recommendations follows other European countries that have severely loosened their recommendations since the COVID-19 vaccine was released.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "[NASA] has been adjusting temperatures from the past[...] downward, while adjusting current-day temperatures upward, and those changes are responsible for most of the claimed global warming during that time.", "evidence": "Scientists at NASA\u2014as well as other groups\u2014constantly work to ensure that the data being used to estimate global average temperatures are as accurate as possible. As time goes on, updates can lead to small changes to estimates for previous years. These changes, however, are much too small to cause the warming trend that is clear in all available datasets.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "[NASA] has been adjusting temperatures from the past[...] downward, while adjusting current-day temperatures upward, and those changes are responsible for most of the claimed global warming during that time.", "evidence": "Read our profile on the United States government and media. [...] Failed Fact Checks - \"[T]he raw data, the actual thermometer data[\u2026] shows that the US has been cooling for 80 to 90 years. But the graphs they release to the public show warming trend, and it\u2019s all because they\u2019ve altered the data.\" \u2013 Inaccurate - \"NASA scientists fudged the numbers to make 1998 the hottest year to overstate the extent of global warming.\" \u2013 Pants on Fire - \"[NASA] has been adjusting temperatures from the past[\u2026] downward, while adjusting current-day temperatures upward, and those changes are responsible for most of the claimed global warming during that time.\" \u2013 Inaccurate [...] Last Updated on April 25, 2024 by Media Bias Fact Check", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\u201cMyocarditis and pericarditis only occur after vaccination and not after COVID-19 infection.\u201d", "evidence": "Myocarditis and Pericarditis After Vaccination for COVID-19 - PMID: 34347001 - PMCID: PMC8340007 - DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.13443 [...] Incidence, risk factors, natural history, and hypothesised mechanisms of myocarditis and pericarditis following covid-19 vaccination: living evidence syntheses and review.BMJ. 2022 Jul 13;378:e069445. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-069445. BMJ. 2022. PMID: 35830976 Free PMC article. Review. [...] Occurrence of Myopericarditis Following COVID-19 Vaccination Among Adults in the Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia: A Multicenter Study.Int J Gen Med. 2024 Jul 23;17:3231-3237. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S467586. eCollection 2024. Int J Gen Med. 2024. PMID: 39070223 Free PMC article.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cMyocarditis and pericarditis only occur after vaccination and not after COVID-19 infection.\u201d", "evidence": "COVID-19 mRNA vaccines may cause mild cases of myocarditis on rare occasions. However, the risk of myocarditis and other severe cardiovascular problems is higher following COVID-19 than following vaccination. When this is weighed against the vaccines\u2019 effectiveness against severe disease, it shows that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh their possible risks.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cMyocarditis and pericarditis only occur after vaccination and not after COVID-19 infection.\u201d", "evidence": "Myocarditis and Pericarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination: Practical Considerations for Care Providers - PMID: 34375696 - PMCID: PMC8349442 - DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.08.001 Myocarditis and Pericarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination: Practical Considerations for Care Providers [...] Pericarditis and myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in a nationwide setting.Ann Acad Med Singap. 2022 Feb;51(2):96-100. doi: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2021425. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2022. PMID: 35224605 -", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Forward projections of solar cyclicity imply the next few decades may be marked by global cooling rather than warming, despite continuing CO2 emissions.", "evidence": "It is difficult to project solar activity, but research shows that even a substantial lull in solar activity would be far too weak to counteract human-caused global warming.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Forward projections of solar cyclicity imply the next few decades may be marked by global cooling rather than warming, despite continuing CO2 emissions.", "evidence": "Beyond the next few decades, how much the climate changes will depend primarily on the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere; how much of those greenhouse gases are absorbed by the ocean, the biosphere, and other sinks; and how sensitive Earth\u2019s climate is to those emissions.23 Climate sensitivity is typically defined as the long-term change that would result from a doubling of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere relative to preindustrial levels; its exact value is uncertain due to the interconnected nature of the land\u2013atmosphere\u2013ocean system. Changes in one aspect of the system can lead to self-reinforcing cycles that can either amplify or weaken the climate system\u2019s responses to human and natural influences, creating a positive feedback or self-reinforcing cycle in the first case and a negative feedback in the second.18 These feedbacks operate on a range of timescales from very short (essentially instantaneous) to very long (centuries). While there are uncertainties associated with modeling some of these feedbacks,24,25 the most up-to-date scientific assessment shows that the net effect of these feedbacks over the industrial era has been to amplify human-induced warming, and this amplification will continue over coming decades18 (see Box 2.3).", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccination of pregnant women is connected to an increase in U.S. infant mortality rate in 2022", "evidence": "In a research letter published in April 2022, investigators evaluated the association between COVID-19 vaccination during early pregnancy and risk of major fetal structural anomalies identified on ultrasonography. Of 2622 patients who received at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine, 1149 (43.8%) were vaccinated within the teratogenic window. Results of this analysis found that vaccination within the teratogenic window was not associated with presence of a congenital anomaly identified on ultrasonography (Ruderman 2022). [...] There is no evidence of adverse maternal or fetal effects from vaccinating pregnant individuals with COVID-19 vaccine, and a growing body of data demonstrate the safety of such use (Ciapponi 2021, Ciapponi 2023, Wainstock 2021, Kachikis 2021, Magnus 2021, Fu 2021, Ruderman 2022). Therefore, individuals who are or will be pregnant should receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Emerging data indicate that vaccine-induced antibodies cross the placenta, but the degree of protection these antibodies provide to the neonate is unknown (Yang 2022). In a recent case-control study from 20 pediatric hospitals, CDC found that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy reduced the risk of infant hospitalization with COVID-19 by 61%, suggesting that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy might also help protect babies. These findings emphasize the importance of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy to protect pregnant people and their babies from COVID-19 (Halasa 2022). Vaccination may occur in any trimester and emphasis should be on vaccine receipt as soon as possible to maximize maternal and fetal health.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccination of pregnant women is connected to an increase in U.S. infant mortality rate in 2022", "evidence": "References - Hobbs CV, Woodworth K, Young CC, et al.; Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators. Frequency, characteristics and complications of COVID-19 in hospitalized infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022;41:e81\u20136. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003435 PMID:34955519 - Marchant A, Sadarangani M, Garand M, et al. Maternal immunisation: collaborating with mother nature. Lancet Infect Dis 2017;17:e197\u2013208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30229-3 PMID:28433705 - Nir O, Schwartz A, Toussia-Cohen S, et al. Maternal-neonatal transfer of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies among parturient women treated with BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2022;4:100492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100492 PMID:34547533 - Trostle ME, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Roman AS, Lighter JL. High antibody levels in cord blood from pregnant women vaccinated against COVID-19. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2021;3:100481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100481 PMID:34562636 - Yang YJ, Murphy EA, Singh S, et al. Association of gestational age at coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and a vaccine booster dose with maternal and umbilical cord antibody levels at delivery. Obstet Gynecol 2021. Epub December 28, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004693 PMID:34963127 - Olson SM, Newhams MM, Halasa NB, et al.; Overcoming Covid-19 Investigators. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine against critical Covid-19 in adolescents.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Vitamin B17 \u201cwas banned by the US because of its cancer-killing properties\u201d", "evidence": "Despite the lack of evidence for the effectiveness of so-called alternative cancer treatments, these still continue to be used by patients desperate for a cure. Amygdalin and its synthetic counterpart laetrile are examples of alternative cancer treatments promoted online. However, overwhelming evidence from almost a century of research indicates that both are ineffective against cancer and can instead cause cyanide poisoning. Rather than prolonging life, research shows that switching from conventional cancer treatments to alternative treatments actually reduces the patient\u2019s odds of survival.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Vitamin B17 \u201cwas banned by the US because of its cancer-killing properties\u201d", "evidence": "\"The bitter almond tree, the highest source of vitamin B17, known to prevent and treat cancer, was banned from the USA in 1995,\" says a meme shared on Facebook in South Africa in August 2019. [...] The substance has been called \"vitamin B17\", but it\u2019s not a vitamin.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Vitamin B17 \u201cwas banned by the US because of its cancer-killing properties\u201d", "evidence": "On 1 March 2023, a Facebook reel with more than 1.6 million views claimed that \"Vitamin B17\", a compound present in apricot kernels, \"was banned by the U.S. because of its cancer-killing properties\". \"Vitamin B17\" is the name that some people use to refer to amygdalin, a compound present in some plants like clover and notably in the seeds of fruits from the Rosaceae family, such as bitter almonds, apricots, plums, and cherries. [...] One well-known characteristic of amygdalin is its capacity to release hydrogen cyanide when it breaks down in the intestine[4]. Hydrogen cyanide is known as a potentially deadly poison that interferes with cells\u2019 ability to use oxygen. This mode of action of cyanide directly contradicts the mechanism proposed by the Facebook user, who claimed that B17 kills cancer cells because it \"put[s] oxygen and hydrogenate[s] cells again\".", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cSince the vaccine rolled out, [a midwife]\u2019s seen no normal placenta [\u2026] they\u2019re all compromised\u201d", "evidence": "COVID-19 vaccines are effective at protecting against severe forms of the disease. Research shows that the placentas of pregnant individuals are unharmed by the vaccines. By contrast, SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy poses a higher risk of placental lesions and deficiencies, which places a pregnant individual at risk of complications.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cSince the vaccine rolled out, [a midwife]\u2019s seen no normal placenta [\u2026] they\u2019re all compromised\u201d", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: \"Since the vaccine rolled out, [a midwife]\u2019s seen no normal placenta [\u2026] they\u2019re all compromised\"; \"Some of them are shrunken, so not big enough to deliver a normal baby, and many midwives are reporting that they have to deliver babies early because the placenta can\u2019t sustain a full-term baby\" [...] Reporting on her earlier interview of midwife Ellen Jasmer, Wolf stated that Jasmer had seen \"no normal placenta [\u2026] since the vaccine rolled out\". Wolf said that some of the placentas were \"shrunken, so not big enough to deliver a normal baby\" and that \"midwives were reporting that they ha[d] to deliver babies early because the placenta can\u2019t sustain a full-term baby\". Wolf also alleged that vaccination compromised the health of newborns as they were \"rushed to the hospital within a day because they are in respiratory distress and [Jasmer had] never seen that so frequently before\". [...] Wolf also claimed that vaccinated individuals could compromise the placenta of unvaccinated people through a process called shedding. This is most likely a reference to the claim that vaccinated individuals release spike proteins that can be spread to unvaccinated individuals. But there is no data or plausible biological mechanism suggesting that COVID-19 vaccines can cause shedding, as Health Feedback explained in an earlier review, and Wolf failed to produce any supporting evidence in the video.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cMSM Silent As Court Holds PCR Covid Tests 97% Inaccurate - Unfit for Purpose\u201d", "evidence": "MSM deathly silent as PCR test legally ruled useless to test for Covid Landmark legal ruling finds that Covid tests are not fit for purpose. So what do the MSM do? They ignore it Four German holidaymakers who were illegally quarantined in Portugal after one was judged to be positive for Covid-19 have won their case, in a verdict that condemns the widely-used PCR test as being up to 97-percent unreliable.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "HPV vaccines are ineffective and cause side effects including autoimmune and neurological disorders, based on VAERS reports", "evidence": "Concern has been raised about whether HPV vaccines might cause serious neurological disorders including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The European Medicines Agency (EMA) investigated the issue and declared in 2015 that there is no link between HPV vaccines and serious neurological adverse events. However, the certainty conveyed in EMA\u2019s official report is undermined by a leaked, confidential document that reveals important disagreements among the experts. Furthermore, in its assessments, EMA relied on the data the drug companies had provided to them even though it had been demonstrated that the companies had underreported possible neurological harms. Even though active comparators were used (aluminium adjuvants and other vaccines), our research group found significantly more serious neurological harms in the HPV vaccine groups than in the comparator groups in a systematic review based on clinical study reports in EMA\u2019s possession. We outline areas where we believe the basis for EMA\u2019s decision was flawed; highlight that the relationship between HPV vaccines and POTS remains uncertain; and suggest ways forward to resolve the uncertainty and debate. [...] Concern has been raised about whether HPV vaccines might cause serious neurological disorders including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS).1 Based on a request from Danish authorities, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) investigated the issue and published a 40-page report in November 2015 concluding that \u2018the evidence does not support a causal association between HPV vaccination and CRPS and/or POTS\u2019.1", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "HPV vaccines are ineffective and cause side effects including autoimmune and neurological disorders, based on VAERS reports", "evidence": "Gardasil Vaccine Side Effects Reported to VAERS [...] Another section of the package insert titled \"Postmarketing Experience\" lists a number of other Gardasil 9 side effects, while cautioning that \"[b]ecause these events were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not possible to reliably estimate their frequency or to establish a causal relationship to vaccine exposure.\" Those side effects include autoimmune diseases, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome (167 case reports in VAERS), hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylactic shock (368 VAERS case reports), and seizures (483 VAERS case reports). [...] HPV vaccines, including Gardasil, have been linked in case studies to a cluster of symptoms that are shared by several disorders not mentioned on the Gardasil package insert. These include postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), and fibromyalgia. The WHO database and the VAERS database contain hundreds of case reports of POTS and CRPS.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "HPV vaccines are ineffective and cause side effects including autoimmune and neurological disorders, based on VAERS reports", "evidence": "Autonomic dysfunction and HPV immunization: an overview - PMID: 30478703 - DOI: 10.1007/s12026-018-9036-1 [...] This article reviews the case series reported from several countries describing patients with suspected severe side effects to the HPV vaccines. The described symptom clusters are remarkably similar and include disabling fatigue, headache, widespread pain, fainting, gastrointestinal dysmotility, limb weakness, memory impairment episodes of altered awareness, and abnormal movements. This constellation of symptoms and signs has been labeled with different diagnoses such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), small fiber neuropathy (SFN), myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), or fibromyalgia. It is known that autoimmunity and autoantibodies are present in a subset of patients with CRPS, POTS, SFN, ME/CFS, and fibromyalgia. This article proposes that vaccine-triggered, immune-mediated autonomic dysfunction could lead to the development of de novo post-HPV vaccination syndrome possibly in genetically susceptible individuals. Being cognizant that a temporal relationship between vaccination and symptom onset does not necessarily equate to causality, mounting evidence of case series calls for well-designed case-control studies to determine the prevalence and possible causation between these symptom clusters and HPV vaccines. Since personalized medicine is gaining momentum, the use of adversomics and pharmacogenetics may eventually help identify individuals who are predisposed to HPV vaccine adverse events. [...] Hypothesis: Human papillomavirus vaccination syndrome--small fiber neuropathy and dysautonomia could be its underlying pathogenesis.Clin Rheumatol. 2015 Jul;34(7):1165-9. doi: 10.1007/s10067-015-2969-z. Epub 2015 May 20. Clin Rheumatol. 2015. PMID: 25990003 Review.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Poppers are the cause of Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma", "evidence": "Previous research has shown that use of poppers may be associated with transient immunosuppression in animal models and may facilitate infection with cancer-causing viruses such as human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8), which causes Kaposi\u2019s Sarcoma (KS). A new report from the prospective observational Multicentre AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) suggests that heavy use of poppers might be associated with increased risk of individual virus-associated cancers. This link was observed in HIV negative men but not in men who were HIV positive. Heavy use was defined as daily or weekly for at least a year. The study was reported by Anupriya Dutta and colleagues from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts. [1] [...] This research provides evidence that heavy use of poppers (daily or weekly for at least 1 year), is significantly associated with the risk of virus-related cancers in MSM who are HIV negative and this risk becomes greater over the age of 50.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients", "evidence": "A post shared on Facebook over 380 times claims the colored marks on tubes of toothpaste indicate the materials used in the paste. The colored bars on the tubes do not signify what ingredients are in the toothpaste. They are for sensors to help with proper sealing and artwork placement during manufacturing, according to spokespeople for toothpaste producers. The image shows three tubes of toothpaste each with small, colored bars at the end of the tube. In the image, the colored bars are circled. \"The secrets of the colors in #toothpaste,\" the caption reads. \"These colors are not for decoration, but the materials that were used to produce this paste.\" The caption then suggests what each color bar means, with green allegedly indicating \"100%\" natural ingredients and black supposedly meaning chemicals are present.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients", "evidence": "The truth is: the toothpaste color-coding system simply doesn\u2019t exist. Oral care companies don\u2019t mark their toothpastes with colored squares to try to trick consumers and hide ingredients from them. We\u2019re sure you\u2019re wondering, so why are there color blocks on toothpaste tubes then? We\u2019re happy to report that they do, in fact, have a purpose! They actually help in the manufacturing of the toothpaste tubes by telling light sensors where the end of the tube is so that it can be cut and sealed properly. We know, it\u2019s not as exciting as a secret code, but we think the truth is pretty cool too. [...] If you want to know what kind of ingredients your toothpaste has, don\u2019t look for a colored block at the end of the tube. Instead, take a look at the packaging for a comprehensive list of ingredients. You can talk with your dentist to learn more about how each ingredient works to keep your mouth healthy and what kind of toothpaste would be best to meet your needs.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: \"You ever hear the toothpaste theory? You know how the toothpaste at the bottom [...] there\u2019s always like a block of color [...] The elites or the people that know the code stay away from certain colors of the toothpaste\"; \"If you have the green on your toothpaste, it means it\u2019s all natural; if you have the blue, it says(sic) it\u2019s natural plus medicine; if it has red, it\u2019s natural with chemical; if it has black, it\u2019s all chemical [...] If you were part of some, like, secret organization, across the world when you go to buy products, how are you supposed to know which one\u2019s safe for you?\" [...] In the clip, TikTok celebrity and podcast host Carlos Juico claimed that color blocks at the end of toothpaste tubes indicated whether the toothpaste ingredients were natural or \"chemical\". More specifically, he asserted that a green color block meant the toothpaste was all-natural; a blue color block meant the toothpaste was \"natural plus medicine\"; and a black color block meant the toothpaste was \"all chemical\". [...] In summary, the conspiracy theory that toothpaste tubes carry a secret color code indicating the safety of toothpaste ingredients is baseless. If people wish to know which ingredients are present in their toothpaste, they can simply read the ingredient list printed on toothpaste packaging.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Magnetic poles reversals involve the Earth flipping vertically and momentarily stopping its rotation, causing cataclysmic events during 6 days.", "evidence": "Some theorists suggest that having no magnetic field will open the earth's surface to dangerous solar radiation that potentially might lead to global extinction of life. However, there is currently no statistical correlation that can be pointed to in the fossil record to verify this. The last reversal occurred about 780,000 years ago, and there is no evidence to show that there were mass species extinctions at that time. Other scientists argue that the magnetic field does not vanish during reversals, but merely grows weaker for a time. Although we have at least 2,000 years to wonder about it, if a reversal were to occur today, one obvious effect would be mass disruption to communications systems. Much the way solar storms can affect satellite and radio signals, a magnetic field reversal would have the same effect, though to a much more pronounced degree. Cite this Article Format mla apa chicago Your Citation Rosenberg, Matt. \"Reversal of the Earth's Magnetic Poles.\" ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/what-is-magnetic-reversal-1435340. Rosenberg, Matt. (2023, April 5). Reversal of the Earth's Magnetic Poles. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-magnetic-reversal-1435340 Rosenberg, Matt. \"Reversal of the Earth's Magnetic Poles.\" ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-magnetic-reversal-1435340 (accessed October 9, 2024). copy citation", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Magnetic poles reversals involve the Earth flipping vertically and momentarily stopping its rotation, causing cataclysmic events during 6 days.", "evidence": "Unsupported: There is no evidence that magnetic reversals have any impact on climate nor is there scientific basis for the claim that the planet flips on itself within six days. Misunderstanding of science: Speculation on the imminent possibility of the next magnetic poles' reversal happening is based on confusing averages with a normal. Scientists estimate that the probability of the Earth\u2019s magnetic field reversing within the next 20 000 years is extremely low. [...] In a recent podcast episode, Comedian and Ultimate Fighting Championship commentator Joe Rogan and YouTuber Jimmy Corsetti talked about the so-called \"Adam and Eve\" theory. Even though this theory has no support in science, as we will show below, Corsetti and Rogan discussed it as if it were credible. Corsetti appears to believe that when magnetic poles reverse, the Earth flips over itself and stops rotating for six days. Corsetti also claimed that the next reversal should happen in a very near future, and that it would be cataclysmic. A clip from this interview was viewed over twenty millions times on TikTok, and several other clips were widely shared on social media. [...] The \"Adam and Eve\" theory laid out in the interview suggests that magnetic poles\u2019 reversal includes the Earth doing a \"flip\", involving North and South poles physically changing positions. In reality, no scientific evidence indicates that the Earth ever performed such flips. This claim is extremely implausible, as there is hardly anything that could flip the Earth in such a way, apart from a collision with planets or other astronomical bodies.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Magnetic poles reversals involve the Earth flipping vertically and momentarily stopping its rotation, causing cataclysmic events during 6 days.", "evidence": "Magnetic poles reversals are not cataclysmic events as claimed in the \u2018Adam and Eve\u2019 theory discussed on Joe Rogan podcast", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "there has been no reduction in oceanic pH levels in the last century", "evidence": "At first, scientists thought that this might be a good thing because it leaves less carbon dioxide in the air to warm the planet. But in the past decade, they\u2019ve realized that this slowed warming has come at the cost of changing the ocean\u2019s chemistry. When carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater, the water becomes more acidic and the ocean\u2019s pH (a measure of how acidic or basic the ocean is) drops. Even though the ocean is immense, enough carbon dioxide can have a major impact. In the past 200 years alone, ocean water has become 30 percent more acidic\u2014faster than any known change in ocean chemistry in the last 50 million years. [...] So far, ocean pH has dropped from 8.2 to 8.1 since the industrial revolution, and is expected by fall another 0.3 to 0.4 pH units by the end of the century. A drop in pH of 0.1 might not seem like a lot, but the pH scale, like the Richter scale for measuring earthquakes, is logarithmic. For example, pH 4 is ten times more acidic than pH 5 and 100 times (10 times 10) more acidic than pH 6. If we continue to add carbon dioxide at current rates, seawater pH may drop another 120 percent by the end of this century, to 7.8 or 7.7, creating an ocean more acidic than any seen for the past 20 million years or more.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Nicotine patches can cure Parkinson\u2019s disease", "evidence": "Nicotinic Receptor Intervention in Parkinson's Disease: Future Directions - PMID: 29863173 - PMCID: PMC5975393 [...] Sufficient preclinical and epidemiological data are available to justify nicotinic intervention in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although use of nicotine patch has been suggested in some neurodegenerative disorders, including PD, the key for success with nicotinic intervention, particularly in PD, appears to rely not only on the dose but also on the mode of nicotine administration. Our aim in this short review is to provide justification for such contention. Thus, following a short introduction of nicotinic receptor pharmacology, the potential of nicotine in alleviating not only the motor symptoms, but also the mood disorders (e.g. depression) and mild cognitive impairments that are commonly co-morbid with PD will be presented. Moreover, since current PD therapy is associated with dyskinesia, the effectiveness of nicotine in ameliorating levodopa (L-Dopa)-induced dyskinesia will also be discussed. It is suggested that pulsatile nicotine administration (e.g. via inhalation or nasal spray) may be the optimal route in nicotinic intervention in PD. [...] Nicotine and Nicotinic Receptor Drugs: Potential for Parkinson's Disease and Drug-Induced Movement Disorders.Int Rev Neurobiol. 2015;124:247-71. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.07.005. Epub 2015 Aug 18. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2015. PMID: 26472532 Review.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cAmericans are dropping dead\u201d from COVID-19 vaccines; vaccines impair fertility, pregnancy, infant survival", "evidence": "Ample evidence from safety surveillance and published studies continue to show that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective, and that their benefits outweigh their risks. The vaccines are also safe before and during pregnancy, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that people who are pregnant or willing to conceive receive a COVID-19 vaccine.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory", "evidence": "- https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110711104755.htm Ocean Floor String of Active Volcanoes Located Near Antarctica's South Sandwich Islands - http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2016/02/02/el-nino-and-global-warming-whats-the-connection/ El Nino's are generated by natural forces and not Global Warming - https://phys.org/news/2016-06-earthquakes-ultraslow-mid-ocean-ridges.html Proof the Mid-Arctic Rift is Very Active and Capable of Emitting Massive Amounts of Ocean Warming and Sea Ice Melting Heat - http://www.newsweek.com/underwater-volcano-eruptions-guns-730046 One Million Sub-Sea Volcanoes and None are Monitored for heat, Methane, or CO2 Flow. [...] - https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6996 NASA Antarctica Volcanic Research Study - https://phys.org/news/2017-11-bolsters-theory-source-antarctica.html NASA Antarctica Volcanic Research Study - http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-5060079/Mantle-plume-Antarctica-heating-ice-sheet.html NASA Antarctica Volcanic Research Study - http://www.ibtimes.com/underwater-volcano-eruptions-very-common-poorly-studied-threat-marine-travel-2623324 Underwater volcanoes which are NOT monitored greatly out number land volcanoes - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965214000693 Strong seismic / earthquake activity of the Mid-Artic Ridge (Rift) / fault system - https://climatechangedispatch.com/nasa-study-shows-additional-geologic-forces-behind-west-antarctic-ice-melt/ How the West Antarctic Rift / fault system is melting glaciers and has generated to Marie Byrd Mantle Plume - http://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2017/nov/20/americannewscom/no-nasa-antarctica-study-didnt-discredit-climate-c/ Article claiming West Antarctic mantle plume does not damage the theory of Climate Change - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics Scientific Description of how major continental and oceanic segments (plates) move around and interact with each other (Continental Drift Theory).", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory", "evidence": "This article claims that volcanic sources of carbon dioxide are poorly understood and could well be the cause of modern global warming, rather than human activities. In reality, current annual human-caused emissions are at least 100 times greater than all volcanic emissions.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cNo one has died of cancer or heart disease since the COVID-19 thing started\u201d", "evidence": "More people are dying during the pandemic \u2013 and not just from COVID-19 [...] Moreover, the JAMA study found huge increases in excess deaths from underlying causes such as diabetes, heart disease and Alzheimer's disease in Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania \u2013 the five states with the most COVID-19 deaths in March and April. New York City experienced the biggest jumps, including a 398% rise in heart disease deaths and a 356% increase in diabetes deaths. Other research underscores the findings. A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine analyzed data from March through May and calculated that 22% of excess deaths were not attributed to COVID-19. Although data is still being gathered, \"Upward trends in other causes of death (e.g., suicide, drug overdose, heart disease) may contribute to excess deaths in some jurisdictions,\" the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Viruses don\u2019t exist, terrain theory explains why diseases occur", "evidence": "Africa Check published an article on 18 May fact-checking another claim that \"contagion is a myth\" and that germs do not cause disease. We pointed out that this claim is part of a broader set of beliefs known as \"terrain theory\". [...] Terrain theory, developed by a rival of Pasteur, suggests that germs do not cause disease, and that a person becomes ill because of toxins in their environment, or unhealthy behaviours. The Facebook post even claims that because germs do not cause disease, \"there is nothing to be immune to, nor any need for nor existence of an immune system\". [...] Gainty said \"traces of terrain theory underlie our contemporary obsession with the so-called \u2018good\u2019 bacteria of our digestive tract\", but that rather than disproving germ theory, these findings have been incorporated into it. \"Along the way,\" she wrote, \"germ theory has continued to survive as a theory because it explains so much\".", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Viruses don\u2019t exist, terrain theory explains why diseases occur", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: Herpes is caused by lack of collagen, flu is caused by salt imbalance, COVID-19 is caused by 5G radiation, rabies doesn\u2019t exist, HIV is caused by AZT, and polio is caused by DDT; \"So when it comes to it, none of these viruses have been proven to exist\"; terrain theory explains why diseases happen [...] The terrain theory, which can be traced back to French chemist Antoine B\u00e9champ, has been used as a competing explanation with germ theory for why diseases occur. The terrain theory argues that diseases aren\u2019t caused by germs, but by imbalances in the host organism resulting from lifestyle, such as nutritional deficiencies. As such, correcting the imbalance will cure the disease. [...] However, the fact that some principles of the terrain theory explain why certain diseases occur doesn\u2019t mean that germ theory is wrong. Diseases can result from infectious and non-infectious causes. Our understanding of diseases and how to treat them draws on the principles of both theories. The denial of germ theory espoused in the Instagram reel lends users an incorrect understanding of how diseases occur and can be potentially dangerous if it leads them to reject proven treatments and preventative measures.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Mammograms don\u2019t prevent cancer; mammograms contribute to cancer development", "evidence": "One fact remains clear: Mammography is still the best tool available to screen for breast cancer, with research showing it has lowered the number of breast cancer deaths by 40% since 1990. Myth #6: Mammograms don\u2019t reduce deaths from breast cancer. [...] But one fact remains clear: Mammography is still the best tool available to screen for breast cancer, with research showing it has lowered the number of breast cancer deaths by 40% since 1990.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Most likely the primary control knob [on climate change] is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.", "evidence": "El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a alternately warm and cool large areas of the tropical Pacific\u2014the world\u2019s largest ocean\u2014which significantly influences where and how much it rains there. The primary location of moist, rising air (over the basin\u2019s warmest water) is centered over the central or eastern Pacific during El Ni\u00f1o and over Indonesia and the western Pacific during La Ni\u00f1a. [...] During El Ni\u00f1o, when the trade winds are weak or even occasionally reverse themselves, the amount of cold water that comes to the surface is reduced. Warm waters in the west Pacific Ocean slosh to the east. Now there is a large area along the equator where ocean temperatures are above normal. Heat from the ocean then goes out into the atmosphere, leading to warmer air temperatures in the Pacific and subsequently, to warmer global air temperatures (plus a cascade of other impacts). [...] Weak winds allow warm surface waters to build up in the eastern Pacific. Sometimes, but not always, the atmosphere responds to this warming with increased rising air motion and above-average rainfall in the eastern Pacific. This coordinated change in both ocean temperatures and the atmosphere begins an El Ni\u00f1o event. As the event develops, the warmed waters cause the winds to weaken even further, which can cause the waters to warm even more.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cOfficial CDC data: 143,233% surge in fatal cancers among Vaxxed Americans\u201d", "evidence": "Official data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has revealed an alarming spike in fatal cancers among Americans who have received Covid mRNA injections. [...] The U.S. federal government\u2019s own official data confirms that the risk of developing cancer following Covid vaccination increases by a staggering 143,233%. [...] According to VAERS data analyzed by The Expos\u00e9, the number of cancer cases spikes dramatically among those vaccinated with the shots.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Zero Amish Children Diagnosed with Cancer, Diabetes or Autism; Amish children are largely unvaccinated; Covid death rates among Amish communities are 90 times lower than for the rest of America", "evidence": "Decades of epidemiological and clinical studies show that vaccines don\u2019t cause autism and effectively reduce the risk of potentially disabling or lethal childhood illnesses like measles and polio. The Amish are a Christian group of about 350,000 people, most of whom live in the U.S.. Although they avoid the use of modern technology, they do vaccinate their children to a certain degree. Members of the Amish can and do develop various medical conditions such as autism, diabetes and cancer, just like the general population.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Zero Amish Children Diagnosed with Cancer, Diabetes or Autism; Amish children are largely unvaccinated; Covid death rates among Amish communities are 90 times lower than for the rest of America", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: \"New Study Finds Zero Amish Children Diagnosed with Cancer, Diabetes or Autism\"; Amish children are largely unvaccinated; \"a study [...] found that Covid death rates among Amish communities are 90 times lower than for the rest of America\" [...] One example of this claim can be found in this Leading Report article, published on 9 July 2023, alleging that a \"new study [found] zero Amish children diagnosed with cancer, diabetes or autism\" because they are \"strictly 100 percent unvaccinated\". The article also claimed that the \"Covid death rates among Amish communities are 90 times lower than for the rest of America\" because they didn\u2019t get vaccinated. Leading Report is recognized as a Questionable Source by Media Bias/Fact Check, regularly promoting conspiracy theories and misinformation. [...] It is inaccurate to say that there are no health conditions such as autism, cancer, or diabetes among the Amish. A conference paper from the International Society for Autism Research dating to 2010 reported an autism prevalence of 1 in 271 children in Amish communities. This was lower compared to the overall U.S. prevalence of 1 in 91 children at that time, but is by no means zero, contrary to the claim.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Zero Amish Children Diagnosed with Cancer, Diabetes or Autism; Amish children are largely unvaccinated; Covid death rates among Amish communities are 90 times lower than for the rest of America", "evidence": "Objectives: The Holmes County Amish have low vaccination rates, an increasingly diverse population, and have an increased incidence of certain inherited diseases. The objectives were to evaluate; the rate and influences of vaccine hesitancy compared to a decade ago, vaccination patterns between Amish affiliations, vaccine practices of Amish special needs children, and the Amish's acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. [...] Results: The response rate was 39%. Among 391 respondents, 59% did not vaccinate their children, compared to only 14% that refused all vaccinations reported by Wenger et al in the same community only a decade ago. The ultra-conservative Amish rejected vaccines more often. Amish special needs children were more likely to receive vaccines than healthy Amish children. 75% responded they would reject a COVID-19 vaccine. Fear of adverse effects was the most common reason to reject vaccines. Families that accepted vaccines were more likely to cite a healthcare worker as the primary influence to vaccinate. Wives were more likely to cite their spouse as the primary influence to vaccinate. Families that rejected vaccines were more likely to state their bishop was the most influential person on vaccination. Conclusion: The Holmes County Amish have decreasing vaccine acceptance. Efforts to improve vaccination will require a targeted focus on the primary influences and beliefs of sub-populations within the Amish. Physician advocacy, peer mentorship, father-directed education, and close partnership with Church leadership will be needed to limit vaccine-preventable disease. The Amish may be at risk for low uptake of a COVID-19 vaccine.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "CO2 concentrations are increasing in Earth\u2019s atmosphere faster than they have in the last 50,000 years.", "evidence": "Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and their current rate of increase is unprecedented in the last 50,000 years, based on ice core data. The highest increase in CO2 in that period occurred over the span of 50 years, but the same increase occurred in only the last five years \u2013 which is 10 times faster. As human emissions of CO2 increase, global temperatures rise in response through the greenhouse effect.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "CO2 concentrations are increasing in Earth\u2019s atmosphere faster than they have in the last 50,000 years.", "evidence": "Today's world: Fastest rate of carbon dioxide rise over the last 50,000 years - Date: [...] - Today's rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide increase is 10 times faster than at any other point in the past 50,000 years, researchers have found through a detailed chemical analysis of ancient Antarctic ice. Today's rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide increase is 10 times faster than at any other point in the past 50,000 years, researchers have found through a detailed chemical analysis of ancient Antarctic ice.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "CO2 concentrations are increasing in Earth\u2019s atmosphere faster than they have in the last 50,000 years.", "evidence": "Atmospheric CO2 concentrations rising faster today than the last 50,000 years, as accurately claimed in recent social media posts Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and their current rate of increase is unprecedented in the last 50,000 years, based on ice core data. The highest increase in CO2 in that period occurred over the span of 50 years, but the same increase occurred in only the last five years \u2013 which is 10 times faster. As human emissions of CO2 increase, global temperatures rise in response through the greenhouse effect. [...] In May 2024, a number of articles and Facebook posts claimed that carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are increasing in Earth\u2019s atmosphere faster than they have in the last 50,000 years. So what sparked this claim?", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Doctors are \u2018injecting poison\u2019 into babies every two months.", "evidence": "Factually inaccurate: Childhood vaccines have saved hundreds of thousands of lives in the U.S. alone and save millions every year globally. Describing them as poison that turns a healthy baby into a sick one contradicts the scientific evidence showing the protection that vaccines provide against illness. [...] Owens described vaccination as \"injecting poison\", which is in line with many anti-vaccination claims that mislead about the safety of vaccine ingredients. Health Feedback has addressed several of these claims previously: [...] The childhood vaccine schedule is designed to protect against various infectious diseases. Contrary to the misleading claim of \"injecting poison\", vaccines are carefully formulated to train the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens without causing the disease.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Doctors are \u2018injecting poison\u2019 into babies every two months.", "evidence": "\"The doctors would inject poison directly into the baby's skull to kill it,\" Chen says, drawing on recordings he made of interviews with hundreds of women and their families in Linyi. \"Other doctors would artificially induce labor. But some babies were alive when they were born and began crying. The doctors strangled or drowned those babies.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas so it is the main cause of recent global warming", "evidence": "Water vapor is fundamentally different from the other greenhouse gasses which directly cause global warming. It leaves the atmosphere in a matter of days and its atmospheric concentration is ultimately governed by temperature. It is critical for the natural greenhouse effect, but it is a negligible contributor to the enhanced greenhouse effect. We already know, beyond any reasonable doubt, that human emissions of the other greenhouse gasses is the primary cause of global warming.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines are \u201can unqualified disaster\u201d; they didn\u2019t \u201c[halt] viral spread\u201d and they caused \u201chigh morbidity and mortality rates\u201d", "evidence": "On 13 December 2023, the Wellness Company shared a post on Instagram, in which gynecologist James Thorp questioned the utility and safety of COVID-19 vaccines. The post claimed that the vaccines were an \"unqualified disaster\" because they didn\u2019t \"[halt] viral spread\" while \"spawn[ing] unacceptable high morbidity and mortality rates\". [...] Although they don\u2019t entirely halt the spread of the virus, COVID-19 vaccines are effective at reducing the risk of severe disease. This is important because it translates into fewer COVID-19 hospitalizations and mortality. An observational study about the first year of vaccination in the U.S. showed that a 10% increase in vaccination in the country was associated with an 8% reduction in mortality[4]. [...] Stating that COVID-19 vaccines don\u2019t halt the spread of the virus is misleading. Similar to the claim discussed in the previous section, it incorrectly takes an \"all or nothing\" position on vaccine effectiveness, in which anything less than 100% effectiveness means a vaccine doesn\u2019t work.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "[It] is nearly impossible to categorize post-vaccine deaths as vaccine-related", "evidence": "Based on past experience, it is estimated that between 1 and 2 people out of every 1 million people vaccinated will die as a result of life-threatening reactions to the vaccine. Careful screening of potential vaccine recipients is essential to ensure that those at increased risk do not receive the vaccine. People most likely to have side effects are people who have, or even once had, skin conditions, (especially eczema or atopic dermatitis) and people with weakened immune systems, such as those who have received a transplant, are HIV positive, or are receiving treatment for cancer. Anyone who falls within these categories, or lives with someone who falls into one of these categories, should NOT get the smallpox vaccine unless they are exposed to the disease. Pregnant women should not get the vaccine because of the risk it poses to the fetus. Anyone who is allergic to the vaccine or any of its components should not get the vaccine, and anyone under the age of 18 should not get the vaccine unless they are exposed to smallpox.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "[It] is nearly impossible to categorize post-vaccine deaths as vaccine-related", "evidence": "The World Health Organization\u2019s system of classifying adverse events following immunization (AEFI) does allow for the recording and investigation of adverse events even after vaccines are licensed for use. Peer-reviewed studies and ongoing AEFI surveillance using systems such as the US-based Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) show that adverse events continue to be monitored post-licensure. However, the WHO\u2019s AEFI protocol is not implemented by the US healthcare system, so it does not make sense to claim that the protocol enables the US government to cover up vaccine deaths.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "[It] is nearly impossible to categorize post-vaccine deaths as vaccine-related", "evidence": "Passive surveillance systems contain many reports that fall into this category. Reports to the manufacturer or to the government regarding the death of a vaccine recipient in temporal relation to vaccination can be made before a cause of death is established. Once an autopsy is performed, it is sometimes clear that the death was temporally but not causally related to vaccination. An example of such a death is one that was reported to VAERS. This report describes the death of a 5-year-old 10 days after receipt of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DPT), OPV, and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR). The cause of death was Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis, which did not appear to be vaccine related. [...] The committee explored the possibility that vaccines may cause death by mechanisms other than vaccine-strain viral infection or an adverse event that itself is causally related to vaccine administration. The committee considered whether it might have overlooked possible vaccine-related mechanisms or pathways that could lead to death. The committee was unable to hypothesize such causes. However, had the committee identified reports of death following vaccination that did not fall into any of the other six categories, de facto those reports would have been placed into this category and causality would have been assessed for those reports. The committee found no reports of death that could be placed in this category, either in theory or by exclusion from the other causes listed above.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cSecret CDC Report confirms nearly 120k Youngsters 'Died Suddenly' in the USA by Oct. 2022 following roll-out of COVID Vaccines\u201d", "evidence": "On 17 January 2023, the website The Expos\u00e9 published an article, proclaiming in the headline that \"Secret CDC Report confirms nearly 120k Youngsters \u2018Died Suddenly\u2019 in the USA by Oct. 2022 following roll-out of COVID Vaccines\". Citing excess death statistics in the U.S. and non-COVID death statistics in the U.K., the article alleged that these were due to COVID-19 vaccination. No author was listed in the article\u2019s byline, as is typically the case for articles by the Expos\u00e9, but an investigation by the organization Logically found that the website was owned by an individual named Jonathan Allen-Walker. [...] None of those datasets were included by The Expos\u00e9, which then ascribed excess deaths in the U.S. to COVID-19 vaccination by citing data from the U.K. Office of National Statistics (ONS) instead, specifically the report titled \"Deaths by Vaccination Status, England, 1 January 2021 to 31 May 2022\". Showing a graph of non-COVID deaths in people aged 18 to 39 in England for January to May 2022, the article highlighted the spikes in deaths in those who received one dose of vaccine compared to unvaccinated people. [...] Overall, these observations are inconsistent with the claim that COVID-19 vaccines are responsible for excess deaths in the young. Instead, the evidence points to COVID-19 as the main cause of excess deaths in the U.S. Rather than contributing to excess deaths, COVID-19 vaccines can instead help to minimize such deaths, given that they are highly effective at reducing a person\u2019s risk of severe disease.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cSecret CDC Report confirms nearly 120k Youngsters 'Died Suddenly' in the USA by Oct. 2022 following roll-out of COVID Vaccines\u201d", "evidence": "A Dec. 4 Instagram post features a screenshot of a Discern Report blog post headlined, \"SECRET CDC REPORT: Since the Covid Jabs Were Rolled Out, at Least 1.1 Million Americans Have 'Died Suddenly.'\" [...] Discern Report, \"SECRET CDC REPORT: Since the Covid Jabs Were Rolled Out, At Least 1.1 Million Americans have \u2018Died Suddenly\u2019\" (archive), Dec. 4, 2022 The Expose, \"Secret CDC Report Reveals At Least 1.1 Million Americans Have \u2018Died Suddenly\u2019 Since the COVID Vaccine Rollout & Another Government Report Proves the COVID Vaccines Are To Blame \" (archive), Nov. 24, 2022", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change", "evidence": "Averaged over the complete solar cycle, there\u2019s been minimal long-term change in the Sun\u2019s overall brightness since the start of the Industrial Revolution. Records of sunspots show increased solar activity during the first 7 decades of the 20th century, likely tied to the peak of the last 100-year Gleissberg Cycle. Following that peak around 1960, solar activity declined. In fact, activity during the most recent solar cycle is among the lowest in a century. Meanwhile, the rate of global warming has accelerated over the past few decades. [...] Taken together, the increasing solar activity of the first half of the 20th century and the decreasing activity since then have largely canceled each other out in terms of their influence on global temperature. In the Sixth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, experts concluded that the best estimate for the influence of the Sun on climate between the pre-industrial (1850-1900) and the present (2010-2019) was that it added 0.01 Watts per square meter to the global energy imbalance causing global warming. Such a small energy imbalance (scientists call it a radiative forcing) is likely to be responsible for no more than 0.01 degrees Celsius of warming over that period. That\u2019s 100 times smaller than the overall warming that\u2019s occurred on Earth over the industrial period, which the IPCC estimates as 0.95\u20131.2 degrees Celsius in 2011\u20132020 versus 1850\u20131900.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change", "evidence": "If solar activity did play a significant role in recent changes in global temperatures, then those temperatures should have stayed roughly the same or even declined over the last decade. A paper from 2012 even predicted there would be a 1.0\u00b0C decrease in temperatures. Clearly this has not turned out to be the case. The hottest decade on record has coincided with the weakest solar cycle for over a century. Given this combination of factors, it is rather difficult to defend the position that solar activity is indeed responsible for present climate change without a radical shake up of the understanding of solar physics. In the graphs below we have attempted to correlate the number of sunspots with variations in global sea surface temperatures (taken from the Japan Meteorological Agency), and global surface temperatures (taken from GISTEMP data). [...] These observations of the present solar cycle make it very difficult to defend the position that solar activity is ultimately responsible for the world\u2019s current warming trend. Instead they fit with the argument that human influences are responsible for a large amount of the recent increase in global temperatures.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change", "evidence": "Scientists are still debating whether or not the Sun\u2019s activity increased during the latter half of the 20th century, but even the highest estimates of activity can\u2019t account for the warming observed since about 1950. Studies do show that solar variability has significantly influenced past climate changes. For example, a decrease in solar activity is thought to have triggered the Northern Hemisphere\u2019s Little Ice Age between approximately 1650 and 1850, when temperatures dipped low enough that rivers that don\u2019t freeze in today\u2019s human-warmed climate froze over. [...] Regardless, even when scientists assume that solar activity is increasing based on proxy data and the satellite record, they can\u2019t account for all of the warming observed at the end of the twentieth century. Climate models can only reproduce the warming observed since 1950 when a rise in greenhouse gases is built into the system.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ventilators, not COVID, killed hospitalized COVID patients", "evidence": "CLAIM: A new study found that ventilators were responsible for nearly all COVID-19 patient deaths. [...] \"Official Report: Ventilators Killed Nearly ALL COVID Patients,\" reads a headline that has racked up tens of thousands of likes and shares. [...] Ventilator-associated pneumonia, as it\u2019s called, is a known issue in the field, and not COVID-19 specific: A patient\u2019s lungs aren\u2019t operating normally, Singer said, and a tube in the windpipe presents an opening for bacteria.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Ventilators, not COVID, killed hospitalized COVID patients", "evidence": "Ventilators were commonly deployed for critically ill COVID-19 patients who developed trouble breathing. The way ventilators were used initially during the pandemic was based on doctors\u2019 experiences of treating other, known types of pneumonia. Over time, as doctors gained a better understanding of COVID-19, their approach to ventilator use also evolved. While it is probable that ventilators were used on some patients who might not have needed it in the end, the claim that ventilators, not COVID-19, were responsible for killing the majority of COVID-19 patients isn\u2019t substantiated by evidence.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cthose who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life\u201d", "evidence": "Another claim that has emerged to support this narrative is that vaccinated people will increase their risk of mortality by 7% for every dose received and so \"those who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life\", which appeared in early April 2023 on websites like The Expos\u00e9 and Slay News. However, this claim is inaccurate. We explain why below. Firstly, the claim that vaccinated people will experience a 25-year loss in life expectancy is an extrapolation of a previous claim by insurance analyst Josh Stirling that \"each additional vaccine dose increased mortality by 7%\". Health Feedback previously debunked Stirling\u2019s claim in detail here. [...] Overall, the foundation of this claim\u2014that there is a 7% mortality increase due to COVID-19 vaccination\u2014isn\u2019t actually supported by data and any reasoning built on that estimate is fallacious. The claim that vaccinated people have their life expectancy reduced by 25 years takes Stirling\u2019s erroneous 7% figure and further compounds it with an invalid extrapolation to stoke fear over COVID-19 vaccines.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cFor every one person who dies: 19 more require hospitalization; 18 of those will have permanent heart damage for the rest of their lives\u201d", "evidence": "COVID-19 infections can have multiple outcomes besides death and complete recovery. Although the vast majority of patients survive the infection, a significant proportion continue to suffer from potentially lifelong health problems, such as heart and lung damage and neurological deficits. Hence it is important to take transmission control measures seriously to minimize our risk of infection. However, there is currently not enough information to calculate with certainty the risks of developing the different sequelae of infection.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cFor every one person who dies: 19 more require hospitalization; 18 of those will have permanent heart damage for the rest of their lives\u201d", "evidence": "How many people are in hospital due to COVID-19 at a given time? [...] Note that this is distinct from the weekly new number of people admitted to hospital due to COVID-19. You find this metric in the next section. [...] Note that this number is distinct from the total number of patients in hospital due to COVID-19 at any given time. You find this data in the previous section.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ice cores from Greenland show no significant warming, casting doubt on the climate change theory", "evidence": "The claim that there is no global warming signal from Greenland is in direct contradiction with available observations. Recent studies of ice cores from several locations in Greenland have shown that temperatures are warming faster than the natural variation of the last 1000 years. Rising temperatures in Greenland do not necessarily represent global changes. However, other studies have shown evidence of rising temperatures around the world. [...] A recent example is in an article on The Daily Sceptic, which made several claims about global warming using a small subset of the available climate data, which we will investigate below. Based on ice core data from one part of Greenland, the article claims that \"there is no significant global warming signal coming from one of the most sensitive parts of the planet\", and that these data\u2013which show a rising temperature trend in modern times\u2013fall within a normal (natural) variation. However, this claim is in direct contradiction with scientific findings, mischaracterizes the cited data, and excludes sufficient context about how global warming trends are studied. [...] Based on these findings, the claim made in The Daily Sceptic article regarding a lack of global warming signal from Greenland is inaccurate and a mischaracterization of the supporting data. The H\u00f6rhold et al. (2023) study\u2013which analyzed more ice core data (with greater spatial coverage) and achieved high data correlation\u2013found clear evidence of warming in Greenland which exceeded the natural variation of the last 1000 years[4].", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ice cores from Greenland show no significant warming, casting doubt on the climate change theory", "evidence": "\"This is an important finding and corroborates the suspicion that the \u2018missing warming\u2019 in the ice cores is due to the fact that the cores end before the strong warming sets in,\" said climate scientist Martin Stendel of the Danish Meteorological Institute, who wasn\u2019t part of the research. The ice cores are used to make a chart of proxy temperatures for Greenland running from the year 1000 to 2011. It shows temperatures gently sloping cooler for the first 800 years, then wiggling up and down while sloping warmer until a sharp and sudden spike hotter from the 1990s on. One scientist compared it to a hockey stick, a description used for other long-term temperature data showing climate change. READ MORE: Greenland suspends oil exploration because of climate change The jump in temperature after 1995 is so much larger than pre-industrial times before the mid-19th century that there is \"almost zero\" chance that it is anything but human-caused climate change, Hoerhold said. The warming spike also mirrors a sudden rise in the amount of water running off from Greenland\u2019s melting ice, the study finds.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ice cores from Greenland show no significant warming, casting doubt on the climate change theory", "evidence": "A 120,000-year long climate record from a NW-Greenland deep ice core at ultra-high resolution [...] Steffensen, J. P. et al. High-resolution Greenland ice core data show abrupt climate change happens in few years. Science321, 680\u2013684, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157707 (2008). [...] Gkinis, V., Vinther, B.M., Popp, T.J. et al. A 120,000-year long climate record from a NW-Greenland deep ice core at ultra-high resolution.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Antarctic sea-ice extent is increasing to record levels. Antarctica is getting colder; its sea ice and ice cap are not melting", "evidence": "A new record minimum for Antarctic sea ice [...] Antarctic sea ice extent reached a new record low of 1.965 million km2 on 23 February 2022. This extent is approximately 32% below climatological values and might indicate a transition to new, more extreme, annual fluctuations. [...] Handcock, M. S. & Raphael, M. N. Modeling the annual cycle of daily Antarctic sea ice extent. The Cryosphere14, 2159\u20132172 (2020).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Antarctic sea-ice extent is increasing to record levels. Antarctica is getting colder; its sea ice and ice cap are not melting", "evidence": "Since 1979, the total annual Antarctic sea ice extent has increased about 1 percent per decade. Compared to the Arctic, the signal has been a \"noisy\" one, with wide year\u2013to-year fluctuations. For three consecutive Septembers (2012 to 2014), satellites observed new record highs for winter sea ice extent around Antarctica. The largest of those occurred in September 2014, when the ice reached 20.14 million square kilometers (7.78 million square miles). Still, increases in Antarctic sea ice are exceeded by decreases in the Arctic. That is to say, global sea ice is decreasing even as Antarctic sea ice is increasing slightly. [...] Antarctic sea ice trends are smaller and more complex. Relative to the average from 1981 to 2010, the Antarctic sea ice extent increased about 1 percent per decade, but the trends were not consistent for all areas or all seasons. The variability in Antarctic sea ice patterns makes it harder for scientists to explain Antarctic sea ice trends and to predict how Southern Hemisphere sea ice may change as greenhouse gases continue to warm the Earth. Climate models do predict that Antarctic sea ice will respond more slowly than Arctic sea ice to warming, but as temperatures continue to rise, a long-term decline is expected.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Antarctic sea-ice extent is increasing to record levels. Antarctica is getting colder; its sea ice and ice cap are not melting", "evidence": "Despite a period of slight growth between 1979 and 2014, Antarctic sea ice cover is not increasing to record levels. The trend reversed in 2014 and ice cover started to decrease vigorously. Many long-term measurements from Antarctic research stations show no significant warming or cooling trends over the whole continent, but parts of the continent are among the regions experiencing the fastest warming in the world, and the ice cap is losing mass.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "I am talking about the slaughter, death, and starvation of 6 billion people this century\u2014that's what the science predicts.", "evidence": "- Without adaptive measures, the number of people who lack sufficient water for at least one month per year will soar from 3.6 billion today to more than 5 billion by 2050. [...] Sources: IPCC - The unsustainable use of land, soil, water and energy for food contributes to greenhouse gas emissions that cause rising temperatures. Higher temperatures in turn affect resources to produce food. Up to 811 million people in the world faced hunger in 2020, as many as 161 million more than in 2019.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Toxic vaccine ingredients in the MMR vaccine cause encephalopathy", "evidence": "Current data shows that vaccines are safe and do not cause toxicity or encephalopathy. Vaccines undergo rigorous clinical trials and safety testing before they are used in the general population, and are also subject to continued monitoring even after they are approved for use.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The pH for the coronavirus varies from 5.5 to 8.5. What we need to do to defeat the coronavirus is to consume more alkaline foods above the virus\u2019 pH level.", "evidence": "Coronavirus pH varies from 5.5 to 8.5 is a myth, as the World Health Organization (WHO) hasn\u2019t released any data on the coronavirus\u2019 pH level. However, increasing your immunity can help fight against any disease. The message on WhatsApp //reads: \"All we need to do to beat coronavirus is to take more of an alkaline foods that are above the above pH level of the Virus. Some of which are: Lemon - 9.9pH, Lime - 8.2pH, Avocado - 15.6pH, Garlic - 13.2pH, Mango - 8.7pH, Tangerine - 8.5pH, Pineapple - 12.7pH and Orange - 9.2pH\". \u2018New coronavirus scare has created several health myths on social media platforms and one of those is that to improve your pH levels, as the pH for coronavirus varies from 5.5 to 8.5.\u2019 [...] \"The World Health Organization (WHO) hasn\u2019t released any data on the coronavirus\u2019 pH level. In general, alkaline food items are essential to build the body\u2019s immunity. The stronger the body\u2019s immunity, the better will it fight infections and diseases,\" Mathur noted.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cAll these vaccines are causing harm to our kids\u201d; \u201cThe fully unvaccinated kids are always healthier\u201d; \u201cvaccines are causing chronic disease in America\u201d", "evidence": "Childhood vaccination represents a great advancement in public health that has helped to eliminate or reduce the risk of diseases that in the past killed and disabled more than two million children worldwide per year. A robust body of evidence shows that the vaccines that are currently in use, including COVID-19 vaccines, are safe for children and not associated with a higher risk of adverse health outcomes.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The way urine reacts to salt is a test for pregnancy", "evidence": "Home pregnancy test kits detect pregnancy by picking up on the presence of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine. Pregnancy can also be detected at the clinic using a blood test for hCG. The claim that pregnancy can be confirmed by the way salt reacts to urine appears to borrow elements from how home pregnancy test kits work. However, there\u2019s no known mechanism by which salt reacts to the presence of hCG, and thus it isn\u2019t a reliable method for confirming pregnancy. Factually inaccurate: There\u2019s no scientific basis for the claim that the way urine reacts to salt can indicate pregnancy. As such, people shouldn\u2019t rely on this \"test\" for accurate results. [...] However, this hasn\u2019t stopped some people from promoting dubious tests on social media, such as by claiming that the way urine reacts to salt can confirm pregnancy. This particular claim has circulated on various platforms like Facebook and TikTok for at least the last few years (see examples here and here). More recent iterations of this claim include these TikTok videos\u2014which received hundreds of thousands of views\u2014and this Facebook post.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Scientists were caught 'adjusting' sea level data to create false impression of rising oceans", "evidence": "The study, which did not appear to have been copy edited, asserted that scientists had been arbitrarily adjusting historical tide gauge data to inflate estimates of sea level rise. As evidence, the study focused on the routine corrections scientists applied to a single record in Aden, Yemen. [...] Yet, all the methods scientist use to adjust the data generally agree on the same thing, according to the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment: that it is \"very likely\" that the sea level has been rising by about 1.7 mm per year globally from 1900-2010 -- a rate that is now accelerating. [...] The authors\u2019 main proof that this is the case? Their description of the raw data at Aden, Yemen (which doesn\u2019t show dramatic rise in sea level) and that of the corrected data (which does show a rise in sea level) in a tone suggesting: \"we caught you!\" They then conclude that the adjustments to the Aden record were arbitrarily \"composed to produce a high trend, high acceleration record.\" (The data they describe are freely available on the PSMSL web site).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Solar forcings are not too small to explain twentieth century warming. In fact, their effect could be equal to or greater than the effect of CO2 in the atmosphere.", "evidence": "Benestad and Schmidt[45] concluded that \"the most likely contribution from solar forcing a global warming is 7 \u00b1 1% for the 20th century and is negligible for warming since 1980.\" This paper disagreed with Scafetta and West,[46] who claimed that solar variability has a significant effect on climate forcing. Based on correlations between specific climate and solar forcing reconstructions, they argued that a \"realistic climate scenario is the one described by a large preindustrial secular variability (e.g., the paleoclimate temperature reconstruction by Moberg et al.)[47] with TSI experiencing low secular variability (as the one shown by Wang et al.).[48] Under this scenario, they claimed the Sun might have contributed 50% of the observed global warming since 1900.[49] Stott et al. estimated that the residual effects of the prolonged high solar activity during the last 30 years account for between 16% and 36% of warming from 1950 to 1999.[50] [...] the most likely contribution from solar forcing a global warming is 7 \u00b1 1% for the 20th century and is negligible for warming since 1980.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Solar forcings are not too small to explain twentieth century warming. In fact, their effect could be equal to or greater than the effect of CO2 in the atmosphere.", "evidence": "To see the effects of the model response to solar forcing compared to GHG + sulfate, the difference of solar + GHG + sulfate minus GHG + sulfate (solar residual) is shown in Fig. 3c. The increased global-mean warming arising from solar forcing (Fig. 1b) is manifest most markedly at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere associated with ice-albedo feedback, with maximum values of about +0.7\u00b0C north of 65\u00b0N in the late 1940s. Contributions in the Tropics and at high southern latitudes are about +0.1\u00b0\u2013+0.2\u00b0C. The contribution of the solar forcing to the late twentieth-century warming is again most notable at high northern latitudes between 1985 and 1995 with values of about +0.3\u00b0C north of 70\u00b0N. The high-latitude warming associated with ice-albedo feedback was noted in the earlier studies with increased solar forcing (e.g., Wetherald and Manabe 1975). Though the impact of sulfate aerosols is greatest in the northern midlatitudes where the emissions are largest (e.g., Kiehl and Briegleb 1993; Meehl et al. 1996), warming is only slightly decreased there in Fig. 3b. The effects of the well-mixed ocean and the consequently large thermal inertia inhibit high-latitude warming in the circumpolar southern regions (e.g., Cubasch et al. 2001).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Placing raw onion on the bottom of the feet eliminates illness", "evidence": "Myth Buster Can Placing Raw Onions In Socks Really Cure Illnesses? Or Is The Method A Myth? [...] They say you can do anything with an onion: Saut\u00e9 \u2018em, bake \u2018em, fry \u2018em, you name it. And believe it or not, millions of people believe placing onions in socks even has the power to cleanse toxins from the bloodstream and ward off illnesses like fever, colds and the flu. But where would they get this idea? And does the age-old method of placing onions on your feet to cure infections actually work? Considering thousands of people search for the onions in socks cure each month, we decided to find out. [...] Nowadays, the supposed healing power of onions is being thought of in an entirely different way than in the 1500s. The growing popularity of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has many believing that the body is made up of meridians, which are pathways from certain access points on the body to your internal organs. It is believed that slicing an onion and securing the slices to the bottom of the feet via a pair of socks can open up the numerous meridians located on the bottom of each foot, allowing the onion to draw out toxins, bacteria and sickness from the body, as well as purify the blood in the bloodstream and eliminate foot odor. The theory that onions soak up germs has become so persuasive, many believers are afraid to eat leftover onions used during cooking because they are thought to absorb bacteria and viruses in the surrounding environment and become toxic to ingest.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Earth about to enter 30-YEAR \u2018Mini Ice Age\u2019", "evidence": "Claim that Earth will enter \u2018mini Ice Age\u2019 for 30 years is wrong, top scientists reveal A SCARY claim that Earth is about to enter a \"Mini Ice Age\" for 30 years is probably wrong, according to top scientists. [...] Professor Zharkova, who is a controversial figure in the scientific community, claimed: \"We can only hope that the mini ice age will not be as severe as it was during the Maunder Minimum.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Earth about to enter 30-YEAR \u2018Mini Ice Age\u2019", "evidence": "Earth Is About To Enter A 30-Year \u2018Mini Ice Age \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 Earth is bracing for a solar minimum: a dormant period in which the Sun radiates less energy or heat at our planet than usual. Scientists have warned that as a result of the Sun\u2019s inactivity, Earth is likely to witness a \u2018mini ice age\u2019 that could bring extreme winters and chilly cold storms over the next 30 years. According to NASA, the Sun will reach its lowest activity in over 200 years in 2020. As it further goes into its natural hibernation phase, Earth will experience extremely cold spells which will trigger food shortages across the planet. The average temperatures could drop as much as one degree Celsius in a period lasting about 12 months. That might not sound a lot but a whole degree fall would have a significant impact on global average temperatures.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cDissolution of Spike Protein by Nattokinase: Holy Grail of COVID-19 Vaccine Detoxification\u201d; long COVID is caused by persistent spike protein in the body", "evidence": "Seeing a claim like this leads me to point out some things. First, the amount of spike protein that gets into the bloodstream as a result of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines made by Pfizer and Moderna is infinitesimally small, definitely smaller than the amount of spike protein one gets from an\u2014oh, you know\u2014actually infection with SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. Second\u2014and I know I\u2019m repeating myself from above, but bear with me\u2014antivaxxers have been recommending \"detoxification\" to treat \"vaccine injury\" or \"vaccine toxicity\" since long before I ever first took notice of the antivaccine movement which was well over two decades ago. Nattokinase, as you will see, is just the latest wrinkle in this old narrative. [...] So what evidence do doctors like Dr. McCullough cite when recommending nattokinase? They always have some evidence to cite, but is it in any way convincing? In an earlier Substack post from February, Dr. McCullough was touting the Dissolution of Spike Protein by Nattokinase, which he called the \"Holy Grail of COVID-19 vaccine detoxification,\" handwaving an \"explanation\" of why the vaccine-induced spike protein is so much more nasty than the much huger amounts of spike protein produced by an actual infection:", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The cyclical activity of the Sun as well as other variations in solar and earth activity, and NOT anthropogenic CO2 emissions, are responsible for climate change", "evidence": "Overwhelming scientific consensus finds human activity primarily responsible for climate change. [...] The amount of solar energy received by the earth goes up and down in cycles, but overall there is no net change since the 1950s. There has, however, been a big increase in global temperatures that is too large to attribute to the sun. For this reason, NASA and other scientists say the sun is not responsible for global warming. [28] The sun has had only a minor effect on the Northern Hemisphere climate over the past 1,000 years, and global warming from human-produced greenhouse gases has been the primary cause of climate change since 1900. [26] A study found that solar activity could not have contributed to more than 10% of the observed global warming over the 20th century. [27] [...] A study published in Energy & Environment wrote, \"variations in solar activity and not the burning of fossil fuels are the direct cause of the observed multiyear variations in climatic responses.\" [69] In a study by Willie Soon, PhD, Physicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, a strong correlation between solar radiation and temperatures in the Arctic over the past 130 years was identified. [70]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The cyclical activity of the Sun as well as other variations in solar and earth activity, and NOT anthropogenic CO2 emissions, are responsible for climate change", "evidence": "Solar energy output does change slightly over short-term as well as long-term cycles. However, the expected effects due to these natural cycles are far below the threshold that could account for current climate change.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The cyclical activity of the Sun as well as other variations in solar and earth activity, and NOT anthropogenic CO2 emissions, are responsible for climate change", "evidence": "In his post, Monotti does not specifically state how the cyclical activity of the Sun as well as other factors can cause climate change, but he implies that variation in solar activity and in the Sun\u2019s orbit relative to other celestial bodies, and changes in the Earth\u2019s orbit are sufficient to explain ongoing climate change without recourse to greenhouse gas emissions and human activity. However, there is no evidence that any of these factors can explain the magnitude of the change in the earth\u2019s climate that we are currently experiencing[2].", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Measles vaccine caused Samoa measles outbreak", "evidence": "The measles vaccine is made with a live but weakened form of the measles virus, which is incapable of causing infection in healthy people. And although the vaccine can sometimes cause a mild symptomatic infection in immunocompromised individuals, such cases create no risk of a measles outbreak in the rest of the community.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The DTaP vaccine causes SIDS", "evidence": "Factually inaccurate: Studies have found no association between the DTaP vaccine and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Childhood vaccination isn\u2019t a risk factor for SIDS. [...] Well-child visits are scheduled screenings and assessments for healthy children. They are also when childhood vaccines are normally given. The juxtaposition of the case report and the problem of SIDS, implicitly suggested that the DTaP vaccine causes SIDS. SIDS is the sudden death of a baby before one year of age that doesn\u2019t have a known cause, despite a full investigation. However, scientific studies have found no association between SIDS and the DTaP vaccine[2-4]. There are various risk factors for SIDS, such as an underlying but undetected medical condition and placing a baby to sleep on their stomach. But childhood vaccination isn\u2019t one of them.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Flat-topped landforms, such as buttes and mesas, are the remains of giant ancient trees. Tree features can be seen in Devils Tower, for example \u2013 the large hexagonal columns are fibers of a tree that would have been 19,000 feet tall. Other tree features can be seen in buttes and mesas, such as sloped sides and flat tops that look like tree stumps after trees are cut down.", "evidence": "Mesas are broad flat topped mountains with at least one steep side. Buttes are smaller flat topped mountains or hills with steep slopes on all sides. [...] Depositional Features and Landforms [...] Park Landforms and Features", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Flat-topped landforms, such as buttes and mesas, are the remains of giant ancient trees. Tree features can be seen in Devils Tower, for example \u2013 the large hexagonal columns are fibers of a tree that would have been 19,000 feet tall. Other tree features can be seen in buttes and mesas, such as sloped sides and flat tops that look like tree stumps after trees are cut down.", "evidence": "Meitner, Lise meitnerium melaleuca tree melamine melanin melanism melanoma melon meltdown melting point membrane memory (computing) memory (psychology) menagerie Mendel, Gregor Johann mendelevium Mendeleyev, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendelism menhaden menhir M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease meningitis meningococcus meniscus meniscus (biology) menopause menstrual cycle mental disability mental illness menu Mercalli scale Mercator, Gerardus merchant navy Mercury (astronomy) mercury mercury fulminate Mercury project merganser meridian merino meristem merlin MERLIN array mermaid's purse mesa mescaline Mesmer, Friedrich Anton (or Franz) mesmerism mesoglea Mesolithic meson mesophyll mesosphere Mesozoic messaging Messerschmitt, Willy (Wilhelm Emil) Messier, Charles Messier catalogue metabolism metal metal detector metal fatigue metallic bond metallic character metallic glass metallographic examination metalloid metallurgy metamorphic rock metamorphism metamorphosis (biology) metazoa Metchnikoff, Elie meteor meteor-burst communications meteorite meteorology meter methanal methane methanogenic bacteria methanoic acid methanol methionine methyl alcohol methylated spirit methyl benzene methyl orange metre (science) metric system metric ton mg MHD mho mi mica Michaelmas daisy Michelson, Albert Abraham MICR micromicrobe microbiology microchip microclimate microcomputer microfiche microform micrometer (instrument) micrometre micro-organism microphone microprocessor micropropagation micropyle microscope microsurgery microtubules microwave heating microwave radiation Mid-Atlantic Ridge midge MIDI midnight sun mid-ocean ridge midwifery mifepristone mignonette migraine migration Milankovitch hypothesis mildew mile milfoil milk milking machine milk teeth Milky Way Millennium [...] butte steep-sided, flat-topped hill, formed in horizontally layered sedimentary rocks, largely in arid areas. A large butte with a pronounced tablelike profile is a mesa. Buttes and mesas are characteristic of semi-arid areas where remnants of resistant rock layers protect softer rock underneath, as in the plateau regions of Colorado, Utah, and Arizona, USA. [...] W 74 183.85 19.1 2,900\u20133,000", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths", "evidence": "The claim: Posts imply miscarriages and stillbirths drastically increased in 2021 due to COVID-19 vaccines [...] The implied claim here is wrong. The graph is based on data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System that is unverified and cannot determine if a vaccine caused a particular outcome. Scientists say a growing body of evidence shows COVID-19 vaccines do not cause an increased risk of miscarriage or stillbirths. [...] \"The totality of evidence from these monitoring systems indicates that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of miscarriage or stillbirth,\" said Dr. Tom Shimabukuro, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Immunization Safety Office.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths", "evidence": "Scientific studies showed that COVID-19 vaccines don\u2019t cause miscarriage or stillbirths. Pharmacosurveillance monitoring databases such as VAERS cannot be used alone to establish a causal association between vaccination and any medical condition. Public health agencies and medical associations recommend pregnant women to get vaccinated against COVID-19.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths", "evidence": "COVID-19 vaccines don\u2019t cause miscarriages or stillbirths contrary to misleading interpretations of VAERS data Scientific studies showed that COVID-19 vaccines don\u2019t cause miscarriage or stillbirths. Pharmacosurveillance monitoring databases such as VAERS cannot be used alone to establish a causal association between vaccination and any medical condition. Public health agencies and medical associations recommend pregnant women to get vaccinated against COVID-19. [...] In conclusion, all these studies consistently showed that COVID-19 vaccines don\u2019t cause miscarriages or stillbirths.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Arctic sea ice is not melting and there is no indication that we should expect the Arctic sea summer ice to disappear completely, as predicted", "evidence": "Despite short-term fluctuations due to natural variability, the Arctic sea ice extent and volume has decreased over the past few decades. Scientists have established that this decrease is mostly the result of global warming due to human emissions of greenhouse gasses.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Arctic sea ice is not melting and there is no indication that we should expect the Arctic sea summer ice to disappear completely, as predicted", "evidence": "The present study conducts an updated detection and attribution analysis of the observed Arctic SIA changes across all months over the 1979\u20132019 period by comparing three satellite observations with the CMIP6 multi-model simulations. Previous attribution studies were mostly based on sea ice extent which is defined as the total area of all grid cells with at least 15% sea ice concentration and hence is strongly grid dependent1. Here we use SIA which is defined as the actual area covered with sea ice and is more appropriate for comparison with satellite observations than sea ice extent20, having a smaller observed uncertainty than sea ice extent21. The Arctic sea ice has been melting in all months22,23,24 but most previous studies have focused on September when the largest change occurred. Considering all calendar months and utilizing individual forcing simulations, this study finds that the response to GHG increases is detected throughout the year, explaining most of the observed SIA reduction. Further, based on the quantified GHG contribution to the observed Arctic SIA reduction, the future timing of the ice-free Arctic Ocean is projected under the different Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) emission scenarios. [...] Mahlstein, I. & Knutti, R. September Arctic sea ice predicted to disappear near 2\u00b0C global warming above present. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.117, D06104 (2012).", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Doctors murdered to protect Big Pharma profits and silence holistic health practitioners", "evidence": "Of the many conspiracies of the 21st century, one of the most intriguing is the apparent systematic killing of holistic or alternative doctors. The suspected perpetrator? Rather ambiguously, Big Pharma. [...] Although it is no more than speculation (as are many of the holistic doctor murders), Holt had a particular interest in helping people who struggled financially with medical bills and increasingly promoted patients\u2019 well-being and recovery over profit. Several times, he \"[worked] with people financially\" to ensure that they received the treatments they required.[4] [...] This is a particularly dark and gritty case due to the backstory that soon unfolded. While conspiracy theorists quickly jumped on the case of another alternative doctor murdered \"for their willingness to stand up to Big Pharma,\" it seemed obvious that the leap was misjudged at best in this instance.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Doctors murdered to protect Big Pharma profits and silence holistic health practitioners", "evidence": "Inadequate support: No evidence was provided to show that the doctors\u2019 deaths were motivated by a desire to protect Big Pharma profits or silence holistic health practitioners, as suggested. [...] Benson\u2019s claim isn\u2019t new. Conspiracy theories alleging that doctors who practiced alternative medicine were murdered to protect \"Big Pharma\" profits can be traced back to at least 2015 and have continued since then, according to multiple fact-checks by Snopes over the years. However, there\u2019s no evidence that the doctors discussed in the news segment were murdered to protect \"Big Pharma\", and some of the doctors named in the video didn\u2019t practice alternative medicine in the first place.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Doctors murdered to protect Big Pharma profits and silence holistic health practitioners", "evidence": "On 16 July 2017, alternative health blogger Erin Elizabeth reported on her web site Health Nut News that Justine Ruszczyk (who primarily used her fiance's surname, Damond), a 40-year-old Australian woman living in the U.S. who was shot and killed in mid-July 2017 by Minneapolis police, was among a growing list of holistic doctors who had died under suspicious circumstances. That narrative was further twisted by the disreputable conspiracy site YourNewsWire with the headline, \"Holistic Doctor, Working Against Big Pharma, Shot Dead By Police.\" [...] The well-known health and lifestyle coach, who was actively campaigning for people to take control of their lives and reject Big Pharma\u2019s crippling products, joins the long list of holistic doctors and healers who have been killed in suspicious or unsolved circumstances during the past two years. [...] Although questions have been raised in news reports about Noor's and Yanez's training in relations to the deaths of the two Minnesota residents, there is no evidence to suggest that \"Big Pharma\" somehow influenced the two officers who responded to Damond's 911 call to target her for assassination in an ongoing conspiracy to kill off holistic healers.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe Government has released their initial plans to force a vaccine on everyone\u201d; \u201cThree potential vaccines are currently in Stage 3 trials in the United States and could be ready in weeks\u201d", "evidence": "Routine vaccination of the American public against smallpox stopped in 1972 after the disease was eradicated in the United States. Until recently, the U. S. government provided the smallpox vaccine only to a few hundred scientists and medical professionals who work with smallpox and similar viruses in a research setting. After the events of September and October, 2001, however, we have taken extensive actions to improve our level of preparedness against terrorism. For smallpox, this included updating a response plan and ordering enough smallpox vaccine to immunize the American public in the event of a smallpox outbreak. The plans are in place, and there is sufficient vaccine available to immunize everyone who might need it in the event of an emergency. [...] Is it possible to get vaccinia, the virus in the vaccine, from someone who has recently been vaccinated?", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe Government has released their initial plans to force a vaccine on everyone\u201d; \u201cThree potential vaccines are currently in Stage 3 trials in the United States and could be ready in weeks\u201d", "evidence": "The Ministry of Health and its partners have increased their preparedness by building surveillance, testing, quarantine, and health worker capacity. The WHO has delivered protective and medical equipment, including tests and respirators. The Ministry of Health is strengthening the capacity of the medical facilities, and the government is deploying three different vaccines from various sources. [...] An initial Covid-19 vaccine deployment plan put out by the ministry of health targets 30 percent population coverage by mid-2023, with two thirds of the vaccines expected to be provided by GAVI/COVAX and the remainder procured by government. The first phase of deployment, which aims to cover 3 percent of the population by end-June 2021, would focus on frontline health workers. The first batch of the vaccine covering 0.5 percent of the population arrived in the country in early March 2021. A rapid resurgence of infections in March 2021 led to reversal of relaxation measures introduced since mid-2020. On March 26, the authorities reimposed containment measures in Nairobi and four neighboring counties, including a ban on movement in and out of the area; cessation of in-person meetings, worship, and dining; closure of bars; extension of curfew hours and withdrawal of curfew passes; directing employees to work from home; sending the Parliament on recess; and closing schools and universities again (primary and secondary schools had started planned 7-week recess the week before). In the remaining counties, physical participation in places of worship, funerals, and weddings is allowed with restrictions on the number of participants.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Health authorities like the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discourage people from wearing face masks", "evidence": "At the same time, other countries and organizations, including the US Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, recommend airborne precautions for any situation involving the care of COVID-19 patients, and consider the use of medical masks as an acceptable option in case of shortages of respirators (N95, FFP2 or FFP3).18-19 Current WHO recommendations emphasize the importance of rational and appropriate use of all PPE,20 not only masks, which requires correct and rigorous behavior from health care workers, particularly in doffing procedures and hand hygiene practices.21 WHO also recommends staff training on these recommendations,22 as well as the adequate procurement and availability of the necessary PPE and other supplies and facilities. Finally, WHO continues to emphasize the utmost importance of frequent hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and environmental cleaning and disinfection, as well as the importance of maintaining physical distances and avoidance of close, unprotected contact with people with fever or respiratory symptoms. [...] Rational use of PPE for COVID-19. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331498/WHO-2019-nCoV-IPCPPE_use-2020.2-eng.pdf", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Health authorities like the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discourage people from wearing face masks", "evidence": "Confusing mask guidance. Although face masks are now widely considered a crucial part of stopping transmission, U.S. and global health authorities were slow to recommend them for public use. Many countries in East and Southeast Asia, including China and Japan, had normalized mask wearing well before the pandemic\u2014in part because of the SARS outbreak in 2002\u20132003. Unlike the SARS virus, however, scientists now know that SARS-CoV-2 often spreads before a carrier develops symptoms (and possibly even if they never do). In the early weeks and months of the COVID outbreak, the CDC and WHO stated that face masks were not necessary for the general public unless a person was experiencing symptoms or caring for someone who was. The agencies also initially urged people not to buy high-filtration N95 and surgical masks because they were needed for health care workers and were in short supply because of inadequate government stockpiles. Though perhaps well-meaning, the WHO\u2019s and CDC\u2019s guidances sent a mixed message about masks\u2019 effectiveness\u2014and about who deserves protection. The CDC changed course and recommended cloth face coverings in April. The WHO did not do so until June, citing inadequate evidence of their efficacy before then. The CDC did not respond to a request for comment, and the WHO referred Scientific American to press briefings that addressed these issues. In these briefings, experts pointed to a lack of high-quality evidence for mask use. The WHO\u2019s director general also stated that, in the absence of other public health measures, \"masks alone will not protect you from COVID-19.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Health authorities like the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discourage people from wearing face masks", "evidence": "US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Its Partners' Contributions to Global Health Security - PMID: 29155656 - PMCID: PMC5711315 - DOI: 10.3201/eid2313.170946 [...] To achieve compliance with the revised World Health Organization International Health Regulations (IHR 2005), countries must be able to rapidly prevent, detect, and respond to public health threats. Most nations, however, remain unprepared to manage and control complex health emergencies, whether due to natural disasters, emerging infectious disease outbreaks, or the inadvertent or intentional release of highly pathogenic organisms. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) works with countries and partners to build and strengthen global health security preparedness so they can quickly respond to public health crises. This report highlights selected CDC global health protection platform accomplishments that help mitigate global health threats and build core, cross-cutting capacity to identify and contain disease outbreaks at their source. CDC contributions support country efforts to achieve IHR 2005 compliance, contribute to the international framework for countering infectious disease crises, and enhance health security for Americans and populations around the world. [...] Contributions of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Implementing the Global Health Security Agenda in 17 Partner Countries.Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Dec;23(13):S15-24. doi: 10.3201/eid2313.170898. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017. PMID: 29155676 Free PMC article.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The measles outbreak is directly caused by illegal immigration", "evidence": "One of our colleagues noticed that virtually every Washington Post article concerning the measles outbreak is followed by comments that link the outbreak to illegal immigration. As it turned out, a number of prominent politicians have suggested that there might be a link \u2014 or that a link cannot be ruled out. (LePage did not mention measles, but suggested there could be in \"uptick\" in other diseases.) [...] We should note that CDC\u2019s Schuchat said that in 2014, \"79 percent of the unvaccinated cases of measles in the U.S. were unvaccinated due to personal belief exceptions.\" So even if one could trace the source to an illegal immigrant, the main source of the problem is a failure to get vaccinated in the first place. [...] Unlike Limbaugh, Brooks and Carson did not draw a direct link between illegal immigration and the measles outbreak; they merely suggested it is a possibility. But it\u2019s a tricky balance, given that thus far the CDC has not traced this most recent outbreak \u2014 or previous ones \u2014 to illegal immigration. One cannot have 100 percent certainty in life, and so that always leaves open the possibility of a link.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The measles outbreak is directly caused by illegal immigration", "evidence": "The US measles outbreak is due to unvaccinated American citizens who became infected when travelling to countries where measles is endemic or where outbreaks are currently occurring. These are not the countries from which migrants to the US are currently coming from.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "May 2024 auroras were caused by experiments from High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) experiments", "evidence": "In summary, there is conclusive evidence that the aurora observed around the globe on 10-11 May 2024 was caused by a solar storm that began erupting from the Sun on 8 May 2024. The claims attributing the auroras to HAARP experiments that coincided with this event are simply incorrect. As explained above, not only is HAARP incapable of producing the observed auroras from its limited power output, but the experiments \u2013 which were scheduled over a month in advance \u2013 were conducted to study space debris, unrelated to auroral effects.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "May 2024 auroras were caused by experiments from High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) experiments", "evidence": "Alaskans and visitors may be able to see an artificial airglow in the sky created by the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program during a four-day research campaign that starts Saturday. [...] HAARP creates airglow by exciting electrons in Earth\u2019s ionosphere, similar to how solar energy creates natural aurora, with on and off pulses of high-frequency radio transmissions. HAARP\u2019s Ionospheric Research Instrument, a phased array of 180 high-frequency antennas spread across 33 acres, can radiate 3.6 megawatts into the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. [...] HAARP will create an airglow at a specific point in the sky. The angle of visibility for anyone wanting to look for it will depend on a person\u2019s distance from HAARP.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events.", "evidence": "Globally, there has been a clear increase in certain weather extremes including heat waves and intense rainfall events.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Scientists predicted global cooling and were wrong, so they are wrong about global warming", "evidence": "In this post on Facebook from 9 December 2023, it is claimed that global warming is a paranoia that climatologists created after their predictions of extreme global cooling leading to a new ice-age did not materialize. The caption of the Facebook Reel lists various statements labeled as \"facts\", including the inaccurate claims that \"Science is wrong on Global Warming\" because \"Science was wrong on Global Cooling\". This post has been shared hundreds of times and reached thousands of viewers who may not know that global cooling was not a mainstream climate theory in the 1970\u2019s. As we explained above, there were more scientists at that time projecting and modeling future global warming. In addition, the claim that \"Science is wrong on Global Warming\" is inaccurate because the reality of global warming has been unequivocal for years, verified by overwhelming observational evidence resulting in the scientific consensus. Hypotheses that were investigated in the past by scientists, like the one on global cooling, do not invalidate today\u2019s proven scientific concepts that accurately represent observed reality, like current global warming.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Scientists predicted global cooling and were wrong, so they are wrong about global warming", "evidence": "A persistent argument designed to discredit the field of climate science is that scientists predicted an ice age in the 1970s. So popular in fact that it ranks an impressive #7 in the most cited skeptic arguments. The logic goes that climate scientists got it completely wrong predicting global cooling in the 1970s (it started warming instead). Hence climate science can't be trusted about current global warming predictions. Setting aside the logical flaws of such an ad hominem argument, was there any consensus among 70s climate scientists predicting global cooling? [...] The paper surveys climate studies from 1965 to 1979 (and in a refreshing change to other similar surveys, lists all the papers). They find very few papers (7 in total) predict global cooling. This isn't surprising. What surprises is that even in the 1970s, on the back of 3 decades of cooling, more papers (42 in total) predict global warming due to CO2 than cooling. Figure 1: Number of papers classified as predicting future global cooling (blue) or warming (red). In no year were there more global cooling papers than global warming papers.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Birthmarks are indicators of the MTHFR gene; \u201cWhen people have MTHFR their chances of vaccine reactions increase because they cannot detox the toxins from the vaccines\u201d", "evidence": "Every person has a gene that produces an enzyme called methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR gene), which converts folic acid into its active form folate, also called vitamin B9. This gene helps repair DNA and remove free radicals. People with some rare mutations in the gene may have an increased risk of developing skeletal and neurological problems or blood clots, due to a reduction in MTHFR enzyme activity. However, most of the common MTHFR mutations either do not affect enzyme activity or only require individuals with the mutation to supplement their diets with folic acid. No scientific evidence supports the claim that mutations in the MTHFR gene are associated with either birthmarks or a higher risk of adverse reactions to vaccines.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Fungi are the cause of cancer", "evidence": "There\u2019s no scientific evidence showing all cancers are caused by fungi. Cancer is the name for a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. This occurs due to mutations that impair normal cellular \u201cbrakes\u201d on cell growth and division. Risk factors differ from one type of cancer to another. Some cancers are associated with infectious agents like viruses, while other cancers are associated with exposure to certain chemicals.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cNew medicine normalizes blood sugar levels after the first use\u201d", "evidence": "In the 1990s, NIA researcher Dr. Josephine Egan and colleagues teamed with Amylin Pharmaceuticals to begin preclinical testing of exendin-4. By 1999, they reported that a single daily injection of exendin-4 given to diabetic mice was sufficient to normalize blood glucose concentration, with benefits evident by the end of the first week of treatment. Dr. Egan and her collaborators later found that exendin-4 increased insulin production and protected the insulin-producing cells against damage in humans, and that its effects lasted for hours. After further clinical testing, it was deemed to be safe and effective, and it received FDA approval in 2005.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cNew medicine normalizes blood sugar levels after the first use\u201d", "evidence": "Mounjaro is a new medication used to manage blood sugar levels in people who have type 2 diabetes. This medication offers weight loss and cardiovascular benefits, which can also help with insulin resistance. Mounjaro is a relatively new diabetes medication used to help improve blood sugar and A1C levels in people with type 2 diabetes. [...] Mounjaro is a new drug approved for people 18 years and older with type 2 diabetes. It can help improve insulin resistance, as well as aid in weight loss and improve blood sugar and A1C levels.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome", "evidence": "One myth that won't seem to go away is that the DTP vaccine causes sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This belief came about because a moderate proportion of children who die of SIDS have recently been vaccinated with DTP; on the surface, this seems to point toward a causal connection. This logic is faulty, however; you might as well say that eating bread causes car crashes, since most drivers who crash their cars could probably be shown to have eaten bread within the past 24 hours. If you consider that most SIDS deaths occur during the age range when three shots of DTP are given, you would expect DTP shots to precede a fair number of SIDS deaths simply by chance. In fact, when a number of well-controlled studies were conducted during the 1980s, the investigators found, nearly unanimously, that the number of SIDS deaths temporally associated with DTP vaccination was within the range expected to occur by chance. In other words, the SIDS deaths would have occurred even if no vaccinations had been given. In fact, in several of the studies, children who had recently received a DTP shot were less likely to get SIDS. The Institute of Medicine reported, \"all controlled studies that have compared immunized versus non-immunized children have found either no association . . . or a decreased risk . . . of SIDS among immunized children,\" and concluded, \"the evidence does not indicate a causal relation between [DTP] vaccine and SIDS.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome", "evidence": "Factually inaccurate: Studies have found no association between the DTaP vaccine and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Childhood vaccination isn\u2019t a risk factor for SIDS. FULL CLAIM: The whooping cough vaccine was never needed because deaths had declined before the vaccine was available; the DTaP vaccine is associated with sudden infant death syndrome An Instagram reel posted in March 2024 suggested that the whooping cough vaccine was never needed, since whooping cough deaths had plummeted before the vaccine was available. It also implied that the DTaP vaccine is dangerous and associated with sudden infant death syndrome.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Surface air temperatures at the bottom of the world have risen three times faster than the global average since the 1990s.", "evidence": "Over that same time period, global average surface temperatures have increased 0.6\u00b0C, equating to a rate of 0.2\u00b0C per decade. So it\u2019s accurate to say that South Pole temperatures have increased at three times the global average. But it\u2019s important to note that this is a statement about the South Pole, specifically, and not broadly representative of Antarctica as a whole. As illustrated in the figure below, other Antarctic stations recorded a slower rate of warming, while others have even cooled over this time period. Unlike the Arctic, which has seen a widespread and rapid rate of warming, the Antarctic experiences particularly variable weather patterns. These are driven by natural oscillations of regional ocean surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation[2,3,4,5]. [...] REFERENCES - 1- Clem et al. (2020) Record warming at the South Pole during the past three decades, Nature Climate Change - 2- Simpkins et al. (2014) Tropical Connections to Climatic Change in the Extratropical Southern Hemisphere: The Role of Atlantic SST Trends, Journal of Climate - 3- van der Broeke and van Lipzig (2003) Factors Controlling the Near-Surface Wind Field in Antarctica, Monthly Weather Review - 4- Kowk and Comiso (2002) Spatial patterns of variability in Antarctic surface temperature: Connections to the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode and the Southern Oscillation, Geophysical Research Letters - 5- Marshall and Thompson (2016) The signatures of large\u2010scale patterns of atmospheric variability in Antarctic surface temperatures, JGR Atmospheres", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\u201cBuy yourselves charcoal activated tablets [\u2026] it will counteract most date rape drugs\u201d", "evidence": "Date rape drugs are substances that compromise an individual\u2019s ability to give consent and are associated with drug-facilitated sexual assault. Activated charcoal binds to some poisons and medical drugs. In medical settings, it is given in poisoning cases where gastrointestinal decontamination is recommended. However, it is unlikely that charcoal activated tablets will work for date rape drugs because the amount of charcoal in these tablets is too low and charcoal needs to be taken soon after ingestion of a substance to be effective. Furthermore, activated charcoal does not work against alcohol, the most common date rape drug. Individuals who have been given a date rape drug should seek medical attention rather than rely on an activated charcoal tablet.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cBuy yourselves charcoal activated tablets [\u2026] it will counteract most date rape drugs\u201d", "evidence": "A Facebook post implores social media users to buy activated charcoal tablets and bring them to gatherings or night clubs. \"Should you feel like you aren't yourself or out of place, drink one tablet & it will counteract most date rape drugs,\" said the post, which dates back to 2019 and continues to be shared. [...] A Facebook post claimed that charcoal activated tablets \"will counteract most date rape drugs.\" [...] Health Feedback, Activated charcoal tablets are unlikely to be effective in counteracting date rape drugs; individuals who have been given date rape drugs should seek medical attention, June 29, 2021", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cBuy yourselves charcoal activated tablets [\u2026] it will counteract most date rape drugs\u201d", "evidence": "\"Activated\" means the charcoal \u2014 made from wood, peat, or coconut shells \u2014 was heated, expanding its surface area. The charcoal clings to substances in the stomach, such as aspirin, and prevents the body from absorbing it. This is the reason people think that charcoal can help with hangovers; they believe it absorbs the alcohol, halting the icky symptoms associated with over-imbibing. [...] Activated charcoal does bind well to many prescription drugs, though. This means that people who rely on something like blood pressure medication and also take charcoal might make medication less effective. [...] Both Kirkpatrick and Lynch also warn that activated charcoal remains a supplement, which means it doesn't fall under the same regulation as prescription drugs.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are experimental, \u201cineffective and harmful\u201d", "evidence": "The mRNA-LNP COVID-19 vaccines, based on early analysis of the clinical trial data, were deemed safe and effective across demographics (45, 46). However, recent peer-reviewed research studies, a wide variety of continuously increasing case reports, and publicly available adverse events databases cast doubts on the safety and effectiveness of these products. [...] Figure 1 COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are associated with higher incidence of adverse events compared to other vaccines. (A). Data derived from CDC VAERS and National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NVICP) were depicted as Lg (events/million doses) in the bar chart. The data for COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and other vaccines were from December 2020 to September 2023 and January 2006 to December 2021, respectively. The fold change was calculated as the Lg (events/million doses) ratio of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine to other vaccines or influenza vaccines.(B). Adverse events of concern associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Data derived from CDC VAERS were analyzed, adverse events of concern (including AESI, adverse events of special interest, defined by CDC) were displayed as symptoms and their # of events, gender proportion and onset interval of each symptom.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are experimental, \u201cineffective and harmful\u201d", "evidence": "Ineffective, harmful experimental COVID-19 vaccines \u2013 removal from the market 11.5.2022 [...] A recent study by the Charit\u00e9 University Hospital in Berlin on the \u2018safety profiles of COVID-19 vaccines\u2019 revealed that there are 40 times more cases of people with serious complications after being given these vaccines than previously reported by the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut. [...] - 1.Does the Commission think that the COVID-19 vaccines should be taken off the market until new and further information on the subject is available, especially as it is now known that they are ineffective as they do not prevent people from contracting the virus?", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "There are no FDA-approved COVID-19 vaccines on the U.S market as of May 2023", "evidence": "There are FDA-approved COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S. as of May 2023, contrary to claim by Peter McCullough [...] Factually inaccurate: The claim that there are no FDA-approved COVID-19 vaccines as of 2023, is directly contradicted by FDA documents indicating approval of various COVID-19 vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine distribution began in the U.S. on 14 December 2020, following the authorization by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) earlier that month. Almost two and a half years later, in May 2023, participants in an Arizona Senate hearing claimed that there was no FDA-licensed and approved COVID-19 vaccine on the market. However, this is inaccurate and contradicted by the FDA\u2019s own press releases.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There are no FDA-approved COVID-19 vaccines on the U.S market as of May 2023", "evidence": "- ^ \"Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine\". U.S. Food & Drug Administration. 11 December 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2024. [...] - ^ a b \"(CDC) Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 Vaccine\". U.S. Food & Drug Administration. 10 May 2023. [...] - ^ \"Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine\". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 1 November 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2024.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Patent US5676977A is for AIDS, patent US8835624B1 is for H1N1, patents US7897744B2 and US8506968B2 are for SARS", "evidence": "Patents are often filed by individuals or groups to protect an invention. This prevents the invention from being commercially exploited by others without the patent owner\u2019s consent. However, a patent can also be filed for products of nature like viruses and for other reasons apart from restricting the use of an invention. For example, public health agencies like the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention patent viruses to keep samples accessible to researchers, preventing a single party from monopolizing samples and restricting research efforts.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Patent US5676977A is for AIDS, patent US8835624B1 is for H1N1, patents US7897744B2 and US8506968B2 are for SARS", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: Patent US5676977A is for AIDS, patent US8835624B1 is for H1N1, patents US20120251502A1 and CA2741523A1 are for Ebola, patent US8124101B2 is for swine flu, patent ATCC VR-84 is for Zika, patents US7897744B2 and US8506968B2 are for SARS, patent US10130701B2 is for coronavirus [...] This attribution is also inaccurate. This patent isn\u2019t for the H1N1 influenza virus, which causes swine flu, but for an aptamer that binds specifically to the H1N1 influenza virus and ways of using the aptamer. It was filed in 2014 by researchers at the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan. An aptamer is a short strand of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) that can bind to proteins on cells and viruses, like antibodies. This feature makes aptamers potentially useful for discovery, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes[1-3]. [...] The first is a patent for the genomic sequence of the virus SARS-CoV-1, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). It\u2019s not a patent for the virus itself. It was filed in 2004 by the Public Health Agency of Canada.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "VAERS data are \u201ccrystal clear\u201d: \u201cthe COVID vaccines are killing people\u201d", "evidence": "The claim: COVID-19 vaccines kill one in 1,000 recipients [...] \"VAERS data is crystal clear: The COVID vaccines are killing an estimated 1 person per 1,000 doses (676,000 dead Americans),\" reads the headline on a post by Steve Kirsch, a prominent skeptic of COVID-19 vaccine safety. [...] Kirsch questioned why a disproportionate number of deaths reported to VAERS for all vaccines came after COVID-19 vaccination. But Su said there are a number of possible explanations.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "VAERS data are \u201ccrystal clear\u201d: \u201cthe COVID vaccines are killing people\u201d", "evidence": "The VAERS database is a pharmacosurveillance tool used to detect early signs of unusual adverse event patterns following vaccination. However, on its own, it cannot prove that a vaccine caused the reported adverse events, including deaths. Therefore, VAERS data alone don\u2019t show that COVID-19 vaccines are dangerous.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "VAERS data are \u201ccrystal clear\u201d: \u201cthe COVID vaccines are killing people\u201d", "evidence": "\"VAERS data is crystal clear,\" the headline read. \"The COVID vaccines are killing an estimated 1 person per 1,000 doses (676,000 dead Americans).\" [...] Steve Kirsch\u2019s Newsletter, \"VAERS data is crystal clear: The COVID vaccines are killing an estimated 1 person per 1,000 doses (676,000 dead Americans),\" Aug. 6, 2023 Health Feedback, \"VAERS data don\u2019t show that COVID-19 vaccines are deadly; Steve Kirsch\u2019s claim to the contrary relied on flawed analysis,\" Aug. 6, 2023", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The long-term tide gauge datasets are all in agreement that there is no acceleration", "evidence": "CLAIM: The long-term tide gauge datasets are all in agreement that there is no acceleration, neither in the early nor in the recent parts of the records. Yes, they often porpoise a bit above and a bit below the trend line, but there is no evidence of any CO2-caused recent increase in the rate of sea-level rise. The satellite dataset, on the other hand, is a splice of a selected four of the nine available satellite sea-level datasets. The changes in trend seem to be associated with the splices. Unfortunately, this spliced record is both too short and too fractured to draw any conclusions about acceleration.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The long-term tide gauge datasets are all in agreement that there is no acceleration", "evidence": "One thing which is not a matter of opinion is that all these data sets show acceleration. Their rates go both up and down in a complex pattern, but for all of them, modern times are dominated by increasing rates. The presence of acceleration \u2014 both throughout the record and in the most recent decades \u2014 is testified by every one of these data sets. [...] For all the satellite data sets, we can see the acceleration if we study their residuals from a straight-line fit, but we don\u2019t trust \"looks like\" \u2014 we go with the statistical tests. They\u2019re unanimous: acceleration. [...] The latest series of posts (about sea level) started with Dave Burton denying the existence of acceleration in tide gauge records from individual stations. We proved him wrong; he refused to admit his mistake. Our recent look at the satellite data from NOAA/STAR was because Kip Hansen claimed it not only failed to show acceleration, it demonstrated the absence of acceleration. We proved him wrong too, and he has yet to admit his mistake. As often happens with climate deniers, when confronted with actual analysis he resorted to claiming the data he picked wasn\u2019t good enough to do the job.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The long-term tide gauge datasets are all in agreement that there is no acceleration", "evidence": "Wenzel and Schr\u00f6ter (2010) and Ray and Douglas (2011) report that there is no significant acceleration of GMSLR in their time series. On the other hand, Jevrejeva et al. (2008) evaluate the acceleration of GMSLR as about 0.01 mm yr\u22122 for 1700\u20132003, while Church and White (2011) find 0.009 \u00b1 0.004 mm yr\u22122 for 1900\u20132009. Church and White (2006) report an acceleration of 0.013 \u00b1 0.006 mm yr\u22122 for 1870\u20132001 in an earlier version of the dataset of Church and White (2011). In this paper, we do not show results for the earlier version, but we have analyzed it in the same way as the other four tide gauge time series and the results are close to those we obtain for the later version.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "2019 novel coronavirus contains 'pShuttle-SN' sequence proving laboratory origin", "evidence": "The genetic sequence, origin, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 - PMID: 32333222 - PMCID: PMC7180649 - DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03899-4 [...] Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a new infectious disease that first emerged in Hubei province, China, in December 2019, which was found to be associated with a large seafood and animal market in Wuhan. Airway epithelial cells from infected patients were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named the SARS-CoV-2, on January 12, 2020, which is the seventh member of the coronavirus family to infect humans. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length genome sequences obtained from infected patients showed that SARS-CoV-2 is similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and uses the same cell entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as SARS-CoV. The possible person-to-person disease rapidly spread to many provinces in China as well as other countries. Without a therapeutic vaccine or specific antiviral drugs, early detection and isolation become essential against novel Coronavirus. In this review, we introduced current diagnostic methods and criteria for the SARS-CoV-2 in China and discuss the advantages and limitations of the current diagnostic methods, including chest imaging and laboratory detection.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "2019 novel coronavirus contains 'pShuttle-SN' sequence proving laboratory origin", "evidence": "CLAIM this coronavirus genome contained sequences of another virus [\u2026] the HIV virus (AIDS virus) [...] VERDICT 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) does not contain \"pShuttle-SN\" sequence; no evidence that virus is man-made", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Peer-reviewed studies, geologic records, and all the studies have shown that we have actually cooled since the Roman Warming Period, and likely since the Medieval Warming Period.", "evidence": "Claim that the Earth has cooled since Medieval or Roman times is contradicted by available data [...] A recent study1 analyzing a global database of paleoclimate records found that no previous warm or cool period in the last 2,000 years\u2014including the Roman Warm Period and the Medieval Warm Period (also called the Medieval Climate Anomaly)\u2014occurred globally and synchronously. But 20th Century temperatures were the warmest of the last 2,000 years for nearly the entire surface of the Earth. [...] 2) For the Northern Hemisphere (where we have much better proxy data and a better understanding of the uncertainties), we come to similar conclusions\u2014in Wilson et al (2016)2 we find that the two warmest decades of our reconstruction (from 918 to 2004 CE) were 1994\u20132003 and 1946\u20131955. Coming in 3rd place is 1161\u20131170 CE. So, the latest in large-scale temperature reconstructions do NOT support a claim that temperatures either in the Medieval or Roman periods were warmer than today.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Peer-reviewed studies, geologic records, and all the studies have shown that we have actually cooled since the Roman Warming Period, and likely since the Medieval Warming Period.", "evidence": "There have been regional climate events over the past 2,000 years, which can be seen in records of past climate. However, analysis of global temperatures for this time period shows that current warming is unique in its extent and has exceeded earlier temperatures.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "[A] series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth\u2019s polar ice sheets.", "evidence": "In what amounts to dissension from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) climate change policy, a series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth\u2019s polar ice sheets. [...] It is now abundantly clear that even respected mainstream NASA geologists and glaciologists are advocating that formerly underappreciated geological forces working in concert with atmospheric forces are responsible for polar ice cap melting. Here we note that in many cases these geological forces are dominant and, in some cases, the complete cause of modern-day and ancient polar ice cap melting", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "[A] series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth\u2019s polar ice sheets.", "evidence": "In what amounts to dissension from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) climate change policy, a series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth\u2019s polar ice sheets. [...] It is now abundantly clear that even respected mainstream NASA geologists and glaciologists are advocating that formerly under-appreciated geological forces working in concert with atmospheric forces are responsible for polar ice cap melting. Here we note that in many cases these geological forces are dominant and, in some cases, the complete cause of modern-day and ancient polar ice cap melting", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Bill Gates-funded company released genetically modified mosquitoes in the U.S. and caused a malaria outbreak", "evidence": "CLAIM: Rare malaria cases reported in Florida and Texas recently were caused by a disease-control initiative backed by Bill Gates that involved releasing genetically modified mosquitoes in the U.S. [...] \"JOIN THE DOTS - Bill Gates Funded company Oxitec released billions of mosquitoes in Florida & Texas,\" another tweet reads, suggesting a conspiracy is afoot to push a vaccine. \"Malaria now in Florida & Texas for the first time in 20 years.\" [...] The foundation has indeed supported biotech company Oxitec, which is releasing modified mosquitoes in Florida as part of a disease-control initiative, though a spokesperson for the company said its U.S. work is not funded by the Gates Foundation.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Bill Gates-funded company released genetically modified mosquitoes in the U.S. and caused a malaria outbreak", "evidence": "Mosquitoes can transmit several deadly infectious diseases. The U.S.-owned biotechnology company Oxitec released genetically modified mosquitoes in Florida as part of a strategy to reduce the population of Aedes mosquitoes responsible for diseases like dengue and West Nile fever. However, these mosquitoes cannot transmit malaria because the parasite that causes malaria is only borne by Anopheles, a different genus of mosquito.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "this coronavirus genome contained sequences of another virus [\u2026] the HIV virus (AIDS virus)", "evidence": "Genomic analyses of the novel coronavirus show that it was not engineered. In addition, the claim that its genome contains inserted HIV sequences is based on a now-withdrawn preprint of a study that contained significant flaws in design and execution. The so-called \"HIV insertions\" identified by the authors are in fact gene sequences that can also be found in many other organisms besides HIV. [...] Numerous articles published in April 2020 report that Nobel laureate Luc Montagnier claimed that \"SARS-CoV-2 is a manipulated virus that was accidentally released from a laboratory in Wuhan, China\" and that \"Indian researchers have already tried to publish the results of the analyses that showed that this coronavirus genome contained sequences of another virus [\u2026] the HIV virus (AIDS virus).\" The claim that SARS-CoV-2 contains \"HIV insertions\" began circulating in January 2020, and was propagated by outlets such as Zero Hedge and Infowars. Health Feedback covered this claim in early February 2020, and found it to be inaccurate. [...] The author of this article by European Scientist also compared the genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), developed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and found \"no significant similarity\", explaining that \"In plain English, SARS-CoV-2 is not made of the bat coronavirus and small bits of the HIV virus.\" Readers who wish to verify the level of sequence identity between the two viruses for themselves are welcome to follow the steps listed in the article.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "this coronavirus genome contained sequences of another virus [\u2026] the HIV virus (AIDS virus)", "evidence": "Genomic analyses of the novel coronavirus show that it was not engineered. In addition, the claim that its genome contains inserted HIV sequences is based on a now-withdrawn preprint of a study that contained significant flaws in design and execution. The so-called \u201cHIV insertions\u201d identified by the authors are in fact gene sequences that can also be found in many other organisms besides HIV.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Flu shots spread the flu", "evidence": "The flu vaccine is your best defense against the flu. The flu vaccine is recommended every year in the fall or winter, ideally before the flu season starts. Almost everyone who is at least 6 months of age should get a flu vaccine. [...] The flu vaccine also helps protect people close to you because you're less likely to spread the flu to them if you're vaccinated. [...] The flu and other respiratory illnesses are caused by different viruses. The flu vaccine won't protect you against any other illnesses, such as COVID-19 or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Keeping up to date with all recommended vaccinations will help protect you through the respiratory illness season.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Flu shots spread the flu", "evidence": "Flu vaccines are safe and the best way to protect yourself against getting sick. Getting a flu vaccine reduces your risk of getting the flu and reduces your risk of severe illness, hospitalization and death if you do get it. [...] Flu vaccines are made using killed flu viruses (for inactivated vaccines), or without flu virus at all (for recombinant vaccines). You cannot get the flu from a flu vaccine. [...] Flu is very contagious and easily spreads through contact with someone who is sick. The virus spreads mainly by droplets produced when someone who is sick coughs, sneezes or talks. People can become sick if these droplets or infected mucus or saliva enter their eyes, nose or mouth.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Flu shots spread the flu", "evidence": "Why Your Flu Shot Matters Now More Than Ever With flu and other respiratory viruses circulating at the same time, getting a flu shot will help provide you with added protection against viral illness. Getting the vaccine means you have a lower chance of getting the flu and passing it to others, including those who are at higher risk for getting hospitalized or dying. Fewer hospitalizations from flu helps reduce strain on our healthcare system. The flu vaccine is safe and effective. Take control of your health and help protect others, too. [...] Many health insurance plans cover flu shots as part of a wellness plan. Check with your provider for coverage. Flu vaccine can be found at area pharmacies, community health clinics, and many providers. Below are some additional resources for low cost/free flu shots. Check their website or call for the latest information.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "a [group] of people is injecting fruits with blood containing HIV and AIDS", "evidence": "1. No one is injecting fruit with HIV-positive blood. This particular urban legend is not a new one, but it got a boost again this week on Facebook: Since the beginning of November, hundreds of people have re-shared a long debunked post about \"HIV-positive\" oranges, and on Nov. 9, a woman named Anna Aquavia kicked off a new scare about some mysterious villain \"injecting blood into bananas.\" [...] As for the oranges, that rumor started last February, when a woman named Ty Smith claimed that \"the immigration services of Algeria\" intercepted a batch of Libyan oranges that had been injected with \"Hiv & AIDS blood.\" For one thing, Libya has exported only a negligible number of oranges since 2007, according to the UN, and those have all gone to Egypt. For another, agricultural inspections wouldn\u2019t be handled by immigration. On top of all that, the HIV virus cannot survive outside the human body. From the Centers for Disease Control:", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A soup made of garlic, onions, thyme, and lemon can replace the flu shot and cure other illnesses such as the common cold and norovirus", "evidence": "Next, simmer the soup. Add the vinegar, thyme, tamari, and garlic to the onions, and stir, scraping up any browned bits stuck to the bottom of the pot. Stir in a few tablespoons of flour, which will thicken the soup as it cooks, and then add the wine. Finally, add the broth and simmer the soup, uncovered, for 30 minutes. [...] Ingredients - 6 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil - 3 pounds medium yellow onions, halved and thinly sliced - \u00be teaspoon sea salt - 1\u00bd tablespoons balsamic vinegar - 1\u00bd tablespoons tamari - 1\u00bd tablespoons fresh thyme leaves - 3 garlic cloves, minced - 3 tablespoons all-purpose white flour - 1 cup dry white wine - 6 cups vegetable broth - Freshly ground black pepper [...] Instructions - Heat the oil in a large pot or Dutch oven over medium heat. Add the onions, salt, and several grinds of pepper and toss to combine. Reduce the heat to low and cook for about 40 minutes, stirring every few minutes, or until the onions are very soft. Increase the heat to medium and cook 15 to 20 more minutes, stirring often, until golden brown. Add the vinegar, tamari, thyme, and garlic and stir. Sprinkle the flour on the onions, stir, and cook for 2 minutes. Stir in the wine and cook 2 minutes, or until evaporated. Add the broth and simmer over medium heat for 30 minutes.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A soup made of garlic, onions, thyme, and lemon can replace the flu shot and cure other illnesses such as the common cold and norovirus", "evidence": "The flu vaccine is the most effective method for preventing serious complications or illness caused by the influenza virus. While ingredients like garlic, onion, thyme, and lemon possess antioxidants and antimicrobial properties, there is limited evidence to suggest that they prevent or eliminate viral infections. \u201cNatural\u201d remedies actually recommended by medical professionals to accelerate recovery from viral infections are sleep and hydration.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects", "evidence": "All available evidence from clinical trials and safety monitoring indicates that the COVID-19 vaccines are safe and not associated with a rise in medical conditions and mortality. COVID-19 vaccines are also safe and recommended for pregnant women, who are at a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and pregnancy complications associated with the disease. Furthermore, COVID-19 vaccines haven\u2019t been shown to be toxic, making so-called \u201cdetoxes\u201d unnecessary.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects", "evidence": "Nattokinase can be described as an enzyme extracted and purified from a Japanese food identified as Natto [69]. The production of natto takes place via fermentation following the addition of the bacterium Bacillus natto to soybeans, resulting in the production of the nattokinase enzyme [63]. Nattokinase has been demonstrated to exert several health effects, including anti-atherosclerotic, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, fibrinolytic, neuroprotective, antiplatelet, and anticoagulant effects [68]. The degradative effect of nattokinase, a serine protease derived from fermented soybeans, on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was reported [64]. Studies have been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of nattokinase against viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2 [69]. The effect of Nattokinasse against COVID-19 spike protein has also been tested by several authors. As reported by Tanikawa et al., (2022), nattokinase could degrade the spike protein and reduce its binding affinity to the human ACE2 receptor, which is the entry point for SARS-CoV-2 infection [64]. They also found that nattokinase could inhibit the pseudovirus infection of human lung epithelial cells. The authors suggest that nattokinase may have potential as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by neutralizing or removing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects", "evidence": "The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the rapid production of vaccines aimed at the production of neutralizing antibodies against the COVID-19 spike protein required for the corona virus binding to target cells. The best well-known vaccines have utilized either mRNA or an adenovirus vector to direct human cells to produce the spike protein against which the body produces mostly neutralizing antibodies. However, recent reports have raised some skepticism as to the biologic actions of the spike protein and the types of antibodies produced. One paper reported that certain antibodies in the blood of infected patients appear to change the shape of the spike protein so as to make it more likely to bind to cells, while other papers showed that the spike protein by itself (without being part of the corona virus) can damage endothelial cells and disrupt the blood-brain barrier. These findings may be even more relevant to the pathogenesis of long-COVID syndrome that may affect as many as 50% of those infected with SARS-CoV-2. In COVID-19, a response to oxidative stress is required by increasing anti-oxidant enzymes. In this regard, it is known that polyphenols are natural anti-oxidants with multiple health effects. [...] Could SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Be Responsible for Long-COVID Syndrome?Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Mar;59(3):1850-1861. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02696-0. Epub 2022 Jan 13. Mol Neurobiol. 2022. PMID: 35028901 Free PMC article. Review. [...] Adenovirus Vaccine Containing Truncated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit Leads to a Specific Immune Response in Mice.Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Feb 13;11(2):429. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020429. Vaccines (Basel). 2023. PMID: 36851306 Free PMC article.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Global COVID Vaccine Safety study shows that COVID-19 vaccines are dangerous, inadequately tested; getting vaccinated is more dangerous than getting COVID-19", "evidence": "Global COVID Vaccine Safety study identified already-known risks, doesn\u2019t show that risks are greater than benefits No medical intervention, including vaccines, is entirely free of risk. While COVID-19 vaccines are associated with a risk of certain health problems, including myocarditis and a particular type of blood clot, COVID-19 is associated with a much greater risk of developing cardiovascular, neurological, and hematological disorders compared to the vaccines. Getting vaccinated reduces the risk of severe disease and death. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh their risks. [...] Many of these posts cited the study to promote claims that COVID-19 vaccines were dangerous, or that they weren\u2019t adequately tested, or that the vaccines posed greater risks than COVID-19 itself. The headlines of several articles, such as this one by the Gateway Pundit and another by RT (formerly Russia Today), also simply described the study as having found health problems linked to COVID-19 vaccines with no preamble.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Global COVID Vaccine Safety study shows that COVID-19 vaccines are dangerous, inadequately tested; getting vaccinated is more dangerous than getting COVID-19", "evidence": "No medical intervention, including vaccines, is entirely free of risk. While COVID-19 vaccines are associated with a risk of certain health problems, including myocarditis and a particular type of blood clot, COVID-19 is associated with a much greater risk of developing cardiovascular, neurological, and hematological disorders compared to the vaccines. Getting vaccinated reduces the risk of severe disease and death. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh their risks.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Global COVID Vaccine Safety study shows that COVID-19 vaccines are dangerous, inadequately tested; getting vaccinated is more dangerous than getting COVID-19", "evidence": "Vaccination should not be delayed in anticipation of newer versions of the COVID-19 vaccine. For people at a high risk of getting severe COVID-19, a dose of any available vaccine is more beneficial than delaying vaccination. [...] Billions of people have received the COVID-19 vaccine to date, showing that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccinations outweigh the risks of getting ill with COVID-19. Do not delay COVID-19 vaccination if it is recommended for you by your health care provider. Getting vaccinated could protect you from severe illness and save your life. [...] More serious or long-lasting side effects of COVID-19 vaccines are possible but extremely rare. National health authorities monitor vaccines to detect and respond to rare adverse events. At the regional and global level, WHO also supports countries in monitoring vaccine safety.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cSalt does not raise blood pressure\u201d", "evidence": "Detrimental effects of high salt intake on blood pressure (BP), especially systolic BP, are well documented in the literature [1,2,3]. High BP, a primary modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [4], can be prevented and managed with reduced salt intake [5]. For this reason, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends intakes of less than 5 g/day of salt, or 2 g/day of sodium, in adults for chronic disease prevention [3]. [...] Migdal KU, Robinson AT, Watso JC, Babcock MC, Serrador JM, Farquhar WB. A high-salt meal does not augment blood pressure responses during maximal exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2020;45:123\u20138. [...] Arcand J, Wong MMY, Santos JA, Leung AA, Trieu K, Thout SR, et al. More evidence that salt increases blood pressure and risk of kidney disease from the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (April\u2013July 2016). J Clin Hypertens. 2017;19:813\u201323.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "there are no studies that prove vaccines don\u2019t cause autism", "evidence": "A new meta-analysis of 10 studies involving more than 1.2 million children reaffirms that vaccines don\u2019t cause autism; MMR shot may actually decrease risk May 19, 2014A meta-analysis of ten studies involving more than 1.2 million children reaffirms that vaccines don\u2019t cause autism. If anything, immunization was associated with decreased risk that children would develop autism, a possibility that\u2019s strongest with the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. [...] \"This analysis provides further confirmation for a lack of association between vaccines and autism that the broader healthcare community has understood and embraced for some time,\" comments Autism Speaks Chief Science Officer Rob Ring. \"Autism Speaks\u2019 own policy on vaccines echoes those of other credible healthcare organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization. We strongly encourage parents to work with their physician to ensure their children receive the full benefits immunization offers in protecting their loved ones against a variety of preventable childhood diseases.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "there are no studies that prove vaccines don\u2019t cause autism", "evidence": "A wide array of studies examining different vaccines, including the ones specified in ICAN\u2019s lawsuit, demonstrate that there is no association between vaccines and autism.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cCoronavirus quickly spread around the world as early as October 2019\u201d", "evidence": "Viruses accumulate mutations in their genomes as they spread from person to person. By comparing the genomes of different SARS-CoV-2 samples collected at different times in different places, and by combining these data with contact tracing data, it is possible to establish the genealogy and mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2, and thereby trace its origin and when and where it spread. Current data indicates that SARS-CoV-2 made its jump from animals to humans sometime during Fall 2019 and had already spread outside of China by January 2020.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cCoronavirus quickly spread around the world as early as October 2019\u201d", "evidence": "The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, or COVID-19) epidemic first broke out in Wuhan and has been spreading in whole China and the world. The numbers of new infections and deaths in Wuhan are still increasing, which have posed major public health and governance concerns. A series of mandatory actions have been taken by the municipal and provincial governments supported by the central government, such as measures to restrict travels across cities, case detection and contact tracing, quarantine, guidance and information to the public, detection kit development, etc. Challenges such as lacking effective drugs, insufficient hospital services and medical supplies, logistics, etc. have much alleviated with the solidarity of the whole society. The pandemic will definitely be ended with the continuous efforts of both national and international multi-sectoral bodies. Since December 2019, a new type of coronavirus called novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, or COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China. The COVID-19 has then rapidly spread to all over China and the world. It can cause symptoms including fever, difficulty in breathing, cough, and invasive lesions on both lungs of the patients [1]. It can spread to the lower respiratory tract and cause viral pneumonia. In severe cases, patients suffer from dyspnea and respiratory distress syndrome.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "We do not know if CO2 is the cause of global warming", "evidence": "Why does CO2 drive global warming when there is only 0.04% of it in the atmosphere? And why isn\u2019t water vapor the major driving factor? [...] Both water vapor and CO2 are responsible for global warming, and once we increase the CO2 in the atmosphere, the oceans warm up, which inevitably triggers an increase in water vapor. But while we have no way to control water vapor, we can control CO2. And because we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere by continuing to burn fossil fuels, even in relatively small amounts compared to the entire mass of the atmosphere, we are disturbing the entire heat balance of the planet. For more information on how carbon dioxide traps heat, why water vapor isn\u2019t the culprit, and answers to several other interesting questions, check out this post: How Exactly Does Carbon Dioxide Cause Global Warming?", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Masks do nothing to prevent the spread of pathogens", "evidence": "A few weeks ago, I was surprised upon glancing at The New York Times to see a front-page article claiming that new scientific evidence showed conclusively that wearing masks does nothing to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Bret Stephens. The mask mandates did nothing. Will any lessons be learned? The New York Times; 21 February 2023). Even the high-quality surgical-standard N95 masks. This opinion piece by Bret Stephens reported on what he described as \"the most rigorous and comprehensive analysis\" of the effects of masks, published in Cochrane Reviews, a healthcare journal. Masks, he claimed, have no effect. [...] Fortunately, there are still people trying to build actual knowledge about important matters, without deciding in advance what their conclusions will be. An excellent illustration is a review article (Mira L. P\u00f6hlker et al., Rev. Mod. Phys.; in the press; preprint available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.01188) looking at what we know about the aerosols and droplets that are expelled by individuals suffering from a number of respiratory pathogens. It considers the complicated physics of how these particles are generated in the respiratory tract, how they behave in the air and how far they generally travel, as well as how well masks do in blocking their passage. [...] Conclusion? Masks do have an effect. They do work, imperfectly, to stop pathogens spreading. Intuitively, I\u2019m not in the least surprised, but it\u2019s nice to see some detailed evidence.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2", "evidence": "Happer, for example, says that climate-change advocates ignore the fact that there have been several periods, including the last 10 years, in which there has been no warming, and that temperatures in fact cooled during the period from roughly 1940 to 1970. Sea levels are indeed rising, he also says, but they have been rising since the end of the last Ice Age, and there is no evidence that the rate is increasing. Suckewer adds that his own research has convinced him that human activity has little to do with rising CO2 levels, much of which is caused by water vapor and ocean currents. Those forces, he says, are so vast, complex, and imperfectly understood that efforts to \"fix\" them would be folly. [...] One more crucial observation is that rising sea levels are almost certainly not the most immediate threat implied by the current dynamics within the world meteorological system. Much more devastating would be more frequent and violent weather events, severe multiyear shifts in rainfall patterns producing destructive floods or droughts, collapse of ecosystems upon which human populations depend, and the interruption of the flow of major ocean currents due to buildup of fresh water on the surface of the oceans. Any or all of the above could occur without any major shift in the mean values of any \"key variable\" such as CO2 emissions.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2", "evidence": "Warming temperatures contribute to sea level rise by: expanding ocean water; melting mountain glaciers and ice caps; and causing portions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to melt or flow into the ocean.Since 1870, global sea level has risen by about 7.5 inches.[2] Estimates of future sea level rise vary for different regions, but global sea level for the next century is expected to rise at a greater rate than during the past 50 years.[2] Studies project global sea level to rise by another 1 to 4 feet by 2100, with an uncertainty range of 0.66 to 6.6 feet.[1] [...] Regional and local factors will influence future relative sea level rise for specific coastlines around the world. For example, relative sea level rise depends on land elevation changes that occur as a result of subsidence (sinking) or uplift (rising). Assuming that these historical geological forces continue, a 2-foot rise in global sea level by 2100 would result in the following relative sea level rise:- 2.3 feet at New York City - 2.9 feet at Hampton Roads, Virginia - 3.5 feet at Galveston, Texas - 1 foot at Neah Bay in Washington state Relative sea level rise also depends on local changes in currents, winds, salinity, and water temperatures, as well as proximity to thinning ice sheets.[2]", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2", "evidence": "Whereas our CMIP5 analysis supports the hypothesis that seasonal-to-interannual sea level variability will increase relative to changes in ocean temperature variability due to nonlinearity of the EOS, the EOS alone does not constrain future sea level variability to increase in a warming ocean. From this perspective, future sea level variability could also remain constant with reduced temperature variability. Indeed, CMIP5 models diverge substantially in the projected amount of sea level variability increase because of the uncertainty in ocean temperature variability changes (respectively, stippling in Figs. 1c, d and 4c, d; see also shading in Fig. 6). Certainly also contributing to future sea level and temperature variability changes in CMIP5 are changes in the variability of atmospheric forcing. Because such forcing impacts variability in the oceans locally as well as globally, the effects of atmospheric changes are difficult to separate from those of increased oceanic thermal expansion and stratification in coupled climate model simulations. For this reason, we consider how thermal expansion and stratification impact sea level and thermocline variability (a proxy for temperature variability) in an analytic, reduced-gravity ocean model prescribed with future warming but otherwise unchanged atmospheric forcing.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "AIDS was cured in more than a dozen patients", "evidence": "Weill Cornell Medicine\u2019s more than 30 years of HIV/AIDS clinical trial expertise will be particularly helpful in advancing work the team is doing with the Believe in a Cure Martin Delaney Collaboratory funded by a $28 million grant from the National Institutes of Health. The NIH awards the highly competitive grant to investigators with proven experience in innovative vaccine and immunotherapy research. Dr. Nixon is the principal investigator of the project and he and Dr. Jones collaborate with more than a dozen other scientists from Mexico, Canada and Brazil to find and advance the most promising approaches to an HIV cure. Existing therapies for HIV can keep the virus in check and eliminate many of the symptoms associated with advanced AIDS, but if patients stop taking the medications the virus and symptoms come back. A cure would completely eliminate the virus or prevent it from causing symptoms, and may allow patients to discontinue HIV medications and avoid their side effects.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "AIDS was cured in more than a dozen patients", "evidence": "There is currently no effective cure for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the chronic and potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Claims of curing AIDS via an alkaline food diet are unsupported by scientific evidence and potentially harmful.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "the IPCC is wrong \u2212 the sun, not CO2, drove modern global warming", "evidence": "This article presents a long list of inaccurate claims, but focuses on the idea that the Sun\u2014rather than human-caused greenhouse gas emissions\u2014is responsible for global warming. The available evidence and research clearly shows that this claim is incorrect. Measured patterns of warming, and monitoring of incoming solar energy, rule out the Sun as the source of warming. [...] Solar forcing is much smaller than CO2 forcing. As this figure from the latest IPCC report shows, CO2 radiative forcing (1.68 W/m2) dwarfs solar forcing (0.05 W/m2). Along with other greenhouse gases, CO2 dominates the total radiative forcing when all positive and negative factors are taken into account. [...] There is strong evidence that solar forcing cannot explain much of the observed warming at all. The \"fingerprint\" of solar forcing does not match the observed changes at all, neither over time nor space. Solar forcing would warm both the stratosphere and the surface of the Earth, whereas CO2 warms the surface (and the troposphere) but cools the stratosphere. Using radiosondes and (more recently) satellites, we have observed a warming surface and troposphere together with a cooling stratosphere. See Santer et al (2013)* for one of many studies providing this evidence.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There isn\u2019t yet any empirical evidence for their claim that greenhouse gases even cause temperatures to increase.", "evidence": "Lindzen accepts the main principle of the greenhouse effect, that increasing greenhouse gases (like CO2) will cause a radiative forcing that, all other things being equal, will cause the surface to warm. He uses an odd measure of its effectiveness though, claiming that a doubling of CO2 will lead to a \u20182%\u2019 increase in the greenhouse effect. How has he defined the greenhouse effect here? Well, a doubling of CO2 is about a 4 W/m2 forcing at the tropopause, which is roughly 2% of the total upward longwave (LW) (~240 W/m2). But does that even make sense as a definition of the greenhouse effect? Not really. On a planet with no greenhouse effect (but similar albedo) the upward LW would also be 240 W/m2, but the absorbed LW in the atmosphere would be zero, so it would make much more sense to define the greenhouse effect as the amount of LW absorbed (~150 W/m2). In which case, doubling of CO2 is initially slightly more*, but as soon as any feedbacks (particularly water vapour or ice albedo changes) kick in, that would increase.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "There isn\u2019t yet any empirical evidence for their claim that greenhouse gases even cause temperatures to increase.", "evidence": "Some scientists propose that greenhouse gases act like a blanket surrounding Earth, keeping Earth approximately 33 oC warmer than expected for a planet at Earth\u2019s distance from Sun. Blankets are well-known to slow the loss of thermal energy from a body of matter, but a blanket has no way to increase the amplitudes of oscillation at every frequency of oscillation. A blanket cannot be the source of new thermal energy required to increase the temperature of the body under the blanket, unless it is an electric blanket that adds thermal energy from somewhere else. [...] What is most surprising, given the importance of greenhouse gases in today\u2019s politics, is that greenhouse gases absorbing infrared radiation have never been shown by experiment, a cornerstone of the scientific method, to cause any significant increase in air temperature as explained at JustProveCO2.com. Greenhouse gases absorbing infrared radiation have never been shown by experiment to cause any significant increase in air temperature.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "18 proxies tell us the world was the same or warmer 1,000 years ago", "evidence": "The temperature record of the last 2,000 years is reconstructed using data from climate proxy records in conjunction with the modern instrumental temperature record which only covers the last 170 years at a global scale. Large-scale reconstructions covering part or all of the 1st millennium and 2nd millennium have shown that recent temperatures are exceptional: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report of 2007 concluded that \"Average Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the second half of the 20th century were very likely higher than during any other 50-year period in the last 500 years and likely the highest in at least the past 1,300 years.\" The curve shown in graphs of these reconstructions is widely known as the hockey stick graph because of the sharp increase in temperatures during the last century. As of 2010[update] this broad pattern was supported by more than two dozen reconstructions, using various statistical methods and combinations of proxy records, with variations in how flat the pre-20th-century \"shaft\" appears. Sparseness of proxy records results in considerable uncertainty for earlier periods.[2] [...] The 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report cited 14 reconstructions, 10 of which covered 1,000 years or longer, to support its conclusion that \"Average Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the second half of the 20th century were very likely higher than during any other 50-year period in the last 500 years and likely the highest in at least the past 1,300 years\".[7]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "18 proxies tell us the world was the same or warmer 1,000 years ago", "evidence": "Although periods of regional warming or cooling can be caused by natural variability (or events like volcanic eruptions), human-caused warming of the entire planet has led to the highest global temperatures of the last 2,000 years.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sweden Bans Mandatory Vaccinations Over 'Serious Heath [sic] Concerns'", "evidence": "Sweden did not reject proposals to implement mandatory vaccination policies because of serious health concerns, but because health care - including vaccination - is always voluntary. Vaccine uptake in Sweden remains high even though vaccination is voluntary, demonstrating that public confidence in vaccines is strong.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The current solar minimum could last for more than three decades which could lead to temperatures plummeting across the globe, scientists have warned.", "evidence": "Misunderstanding of science: A solar minimum would not cause cold weather across the globe. [...] UPDATE (19 August 2019): The article has been corrected again, removing the incorrect claim about Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the Maunder Minimum and clarifying the likely climate impact of a hypothetical grand solar minimum in the future. [...] While regional and seasonal effects might be larger, the expected global temperature response to a future grand solar minimum similar to the Maunder Minimum is a cooling of about 0.1\u00b0C. It should be pointed out that this cooling would occur on the background of current anthropogenic warming which is about a factor of 10 larger. To claim that temperatures will fall dramatically is thus not really justified. It is also clear from these numbers that a future grand solar minimum (which would last only for a few decades anyway) would not save us from global warming, as we have shown in a scientific paper and explained here. The marginal temperature differences between warming scenarios with and without a future Maunder Minimum is illustrated here:", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The current solar minimum could last for more than three decades which could lead to temperatures plummeting across the globe, scientists have warned.", "evidence": "The most famous example of this is the Maunder minimum, which saw seven decades of freezing weather, began in 1645 and lasted through to 1715, and happened when sunspots were exceedingly rare. [...] Now, scientists are concerned that we could face another prolonged solar minimum again. [...] The researchers stated in the study published in the journal Nature: \"Recently discovered long-term oscillations of the solar background magnetic field associated with double dynamo waves generated in inner and outer layers of the Sun indicate that the solar activity is heading in the next three decades (2019\u20132055) to a Modern grand minimum similar to Maunder one.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The current solar minimum could last for more than three decades which could lead to temperatures plummeting across the globe, scientists have warned.", "evidence": "Express articles repeat this claim frequently, but research does not support the idea of imminent global cooling due to low solar activity. It is not known that a \"grand solar minimum\" will occur, but even if it did, the temperature effect would be much smaller than human-caused warming.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury", "evidence": "As one of the key enzymes in metabolic regulation, MTHFR is also one of the important candidate genes for common neurodevelopmental disorders. More than 10 mutations have been found contributing to effects of the MTHFR enzyme, of which C677T is one of the most common mutations found up to the present (24, 25). Decreased enzyme activity and heat tolerance caused by mutations can lead to folic acid metabolic abnormalities, methylation abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental disorders (17). This study suggested that carriers of MTHFR 677T allele were more likely to show an increased risk of autism than carriers of CC homozygotes (P = 0.004, OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02\u20131.29), to some extent, which verifies that MTHFR may be one of the predisposing genes for autism. Pa\u015fca et al. (39) first reported the association between MTHFR C677T and risk of autism; however, it was a small sample study that just was carried out in 15 cases of autism and 25 cases of autism spectrum disorders. However, dos Santos (40) did not find any association between MTHFR C677T and risk of autism in Brazilian population.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million", "evidence": "COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020. More than two years later, the disease has caused about 1 million deaths in the U.S. and an estimated 15 million excess deaths worldwide, according to health agencies.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth\u2019s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as \u201cwarming\u201d[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet", "evidence": "Even more subtle motions exist. The circle traced out in the sky by the North Pole has little wobbles on it, because of a sort of rocking motion called nutation. Over a cycle of about 41,000 years, the tilt of the spin axis actually varies from about 22 to 25 degrees. In the first part of the 20th century the Serbian mathematician Milutin Milankovitch proposed that such variations in tilt, along with slight changes in the shape of Earth\u2019s orbit, have triggered climate change in the past. Climate scientists now widely accept this model as explaining one of the many triggers of the onset and ending of ice ages. [...] Taking into account all that has been learned about Earth\u2019s past and present, one can speculate in an informed way about what the future may hold for the planet. This involves exploring two basic scenarios: one in which humans have no effect or role and another in which people influence the course of events in various possible ways.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\u201cAutism is nothing more than mercury toxicity\u201c; vaccine ingredients are toxic", "evidence": "Mercury, vaccines, and autism: one controversy, three histories - PMID: 18172138 - PMCID: PMC2376879 - DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.113159 Mercury, vaccines, and autism: one controversy, three histories [...] Mercury, vaccines, and autism, revisited.Am J Public Health. 2008 Aug;98(8):1350; author reply 1350-1. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.138776. Epub 2008 Jun 12. Am J Public Health. 2008. PMID: 18556596 Free PMC article. No abstract available.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Study in Italy shows nearly 1 in 3 COVID vaccine recipients have neurological side effects, indicating an \u201cunacceptable\u201d safety profile", "evidence": "In summary, although we find an increased risk of neurological complications in those who received COVID-19 vaccines, the risk of these complications is greater following a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. [...] Since the start of large-scale vaccine programs across the world, additional case reports have linked other neurological adverse events to COVID-19 vaccination, including Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome9,10,11. Furthermore, surveillance studies have found a possible link between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and neurological events, including Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome and myelitis12,13. However, case reports and surveillance studies are limited by small numbers, as well as potential selection and recording biases. Therefore, detailed assessments of potential neurological adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines and infection are urgently needed.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Melting of Arctic sea ice and polar icecaps is not occurring at \u2018unnatural\u2019 rates and does not constitute evidence of a human impact on the climate.", "evidence": "2014 is set to be one of the hottest years on record. This comes at a time when Arctic summer sea ice melted to its sixth-lowest extent this year: 1.9m square miles. 2012 still holds the record, with just 1.32m square miles of sea ice by the summer\u2019s end. [...] Before human-propelled climate change began to warm the Arctic, the summer and winter extents of Arctic sea ice were fairly consistent from year to year, and a good deal of Arctic sea ice would endure over multiple years to form a resilient, year-round layer of ice over the ocean, helping to keep temperatures cool. [...] As warming conditions over the past few decades have intensified summer melting of the Arctic ice cap, more of the ocean\u2019s surface has been exposed to the sun\u2019s rays. When solar rays hit sea ice, the light-colored ice reflects much of it back into space; this effect is called \"albedo.\" Open, dark Arctic Ocean water absorbs a lot more solar energy than it reflects, however, warming the sea water. This makes it harder for new ice to form in the fall and winter, and for multi-year ice to last through the summer.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Melting of Arctic sea ice and polar icecaps is not occurring at \u2018unnatural\u2019 rates and does not constitute evidence of a human impact on the climate.", "evidence": "Insightful Bloomberg coverage on the rapidly changing Arctic: sea ice melt and permafrost thawing in Bloomberg, by Blacki Migliozzi & Eric Roston \u2014 21 Apr 2017 Declining Arctic sea ice cover and thawing permafrost are both complex feedbacks that amplify global warming: The loss of reflective sea ice means more sunlight absorbed by the dar... [...] Heartland Institute report incorrectly claims no evidence of human impacts in melting ice", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "ADHD is a fake disease invented by Big Pharma to drug children for profit", "evidence": "Research has shown that people with ADHD exhibit differences in brain structure and function compared to typical people (i.e. those without the disorder). Several genes associated with ADHD risk have also been identified. In short, ADHD is a genuine neurodevelopmental disorder, and not simply fabricated for profit.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "ADHD is a fake disease invented by Big Pharma to drug children for profit", "evidence": "The article in question, published by www.worldpublicopinion.org, claims that the \u2018inventor\u2019 of ADHD, Dr Leon Eisenberg, made a \u2018deathbed confession\u2019 that \u2018ADHD is a prime example of a fictitious disease.\u2019 [...] \u2018The alarmed critics of the Ritalin disaster are now getting support from an entirely different side. The German weekly Der Spiegel quoted in its cover story on 2 February 2012 the US American psychiatrist Leon Eisenberg, born in 1922 as the son of Russian Jewish immigrants, who was the \"scientific father of ADHD\" and who said at the age of 87, seven months before his death in his last interview: \"ADHD is a prime example of a fictitious disease.\" Since 1968, however, some 40 years, Leon Eisenberg\u2019s \"disease\" haunted the diagnostic and statistical manuals, first as \"hyperkinetic reaction of childhood\", now called \"ADHD\". The use of ADHD medications in Germany rose in only eighteen years from 34 kg (in 1993) to a record of no less than 1760 kg (in 2011) \u2013 which is a 51-fold increase in sales! In the United States every tenth boy among ten year-olds already swallows an ADHD medication on a daily basis. With an increasing tendency.\u2019", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "ADHD is a fake disease invented by Big Pharma to drug children for profit", "evidence": "Natural News article inaccurately claims ADHD is a \"fake disease\" invented for profit [...] ADHD has been described as a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by inattention, excessive activity and impulsivity (acting without thinking), generally diagnosed in childhood. This article by Natural News claims that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a \"fake disease invented by Big Pharma to drug children for profit\". Although it was published more than a year ago, it has seen a recent revival and is currently trending on Facebook, garnering more than 1.5 million shares. [...] While all children display traits such as inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity to varying degrees, reviewers highlighted that children with ADHD exhibit these characteristics to a severe degree that disrupts their education and relationships with others. Reviewers cautioned that viewing ADHD as a \"fake disease\" trivializes the significant distress that affected individuals and their families experience, and could potentially lead to poorer outcomes.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cNo childhood vaccine has ever been through a double blind placebo controlled trial.\u201d", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: \"No childhood vaccine has ever been through a double blind placebo controlled trial.\"; childhood vaccine schedules haven't been tested properly The claim that no childhood vaccine has ever been tested against a placebo in a double-blind, randomized trial commonly crops up in anti-vaccine content. One example of this claim can be seen in this Instagram post. Prominent figures in the anti-vaccine community, including U.S. presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and television producer Del Bigtree, have also made this claim before. [...] And a search on PubMed, a repository of studies in health and medicine that is maintained by the U.S. Library of Medicine, will also turn up multiple studies showing that several vaccines on the childhood vaccination schedule have indeed been tested in double-blind, saline placebo-controlled randomized trials.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Thai princess \u201cmost likely a victim of the jab\u201d, Thailand \u201ccould become the first country in the world to nullify the contract between the government and Pfizer\u201d", "evidence": "\"We Will See to it that Thailand is the First Country in the World that is Going to Declare this Contract Null\" If the Thai Government Goes After the Pfizer Jabs, Might Other Countries Follow Suit? [...] Princess Ong Bha was supposedly boosted with the Pfizer vaccine 23 days before her collapse. The King of Thailand is being advised that his daughter\u2019s collapse, which she is extremely unlikely to ever recover from, may be related to safe and effective jabs. Advisors to the King want the contract with Pfizer declared null and void.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Thai princess \u201cmost likely a victim of the jab\u201d, Thailand \u201ccould become the first country in the world to nullify the contract between the government and Pfizer\u201d", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: Thai princess \"most likely a victim of the jab\", collapsed \"days after receiving her booster shot\"; Thailand \"could become the first country in the world to nullify the contract between the government and Pfizer\" On 15 December 2022, Princess Bajrakitiyabha of the Thai royal family collapsed into a coma and no news of her health has been shared since then. In January 2023, retired microbiologist Sucharit Bhakdi claimed in an interview posted on Rumble that the princess\u2019 collapse was due to COVID-19 vaccines and that Thai officials were considering canceling the vaccine supply contract with Pfizer. [...] In summary, official statements attributed the princess\u2019 collapse to a bacterial infection, not the COVID-19 vaccines. No proof to the contrary has been brought forth by Morris or Bhakdi. Official statements also confirmed that Thailand wasn\u2019t planning to void its contract with Pfizer.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"A third of Antarctic ice shelf risks collapse as our planet warms\"", "evidence": "Ice shelves are floating sheets of ice that are connected to land masses. They gain and lose surface ice over time depending on snowfall and atmospheric and ocean temperatures. A recent study found that 34% of the Antarctic ice shelf is vulnerable to collapse under a future climate scenario that is 4\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"A third of Antarctic ice shelf risks collapse as our planet warms\"", "evidence": "Long-term thinning from surface and basal melting preconditions the ice shelf to collapse. Negative mass balances on tributary glaciers can lead to thinning of the glaciers and ice shelves. The highest rates of thinning are where relatively warm ocean currents can access the base of ice shelves through deep troughs[9,10]. Ice-shelf structure seems to be important, with sutures between tributary glaciers resulting in weaker areas of thinner ice, which are susceptible to rifting[11]. [...] Increased atmospheric temperatures lead to surface melting and ponding on the ice surface. Catastrophic ice-shelf collapsed tend to occur after a relatively warm summer season, with increased surface melting[12]. Based on the seasonality of ice shelf break up, and the geographic distribution of ice shelf collapse near the southerly-progressing -9\u00b0C isotherm, it appears that surface ponding is necessary for ice-shelf collapse[12]. This meltwater melts downwards into the ice shelf, causing fractures and leading to rapid ice-berg calving[5, 12]. Increased surface meltwater also leads to snow saturation, filling crevasses with water and increasing hydrostatic pressures. Brine infiltration can also cause crack over deepening. [...] With glaciers thinning, accelerating and receding in response to ice shelf collapse[20, 21], more ice is directly transported into the oceans, making a direct contribution to sea level rise. Sea level rise due to ice shelf collapse is as yet limited, but large ice shelves surrounding some of the major Antarctic glaciers could be at risk, and their collapse would result in a significant sea level rise contribution[22]. See Marine Ice Sheet Instability for more information.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"A third of Antarctic ice shelf risks collapse as our planet warms\"", "evidence": "Third of Antarctic ice shelf area at risk of collapse as planet warms More than a third of the Antarctic's ice shelf area could be at risk of collapsing into the sea if global temperatures reach 4\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels, new research has shown. [...] It found that 34% of the area of all Antarctic ice shelves\u2014around half a million square kilometers\u2014including 67% of ice shelf area on the Antarctic Peninsula, would be at risk of destabilization under 4\u00b0C of warming. Limiting temperature rise to 2\u00b0C rather than 4\u00b0C would halve the area at risk and potentially avoid significant sea level rise.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "You have a 0.03[%] chance of dying from [COVID-19] in the state of California. [...] it\u2019s similar to the flu.", "evidence": "Coronavirus death rate: What are the chances of dying? The UK government's scientific advisers believe that the chances of dying from a coronavirus infection are between 0.5% and 1%. This is lower than the rate of death among confirmed cases - which is 4% globally in WHO figures and 5% in the UK as of March 23 - because not all infections are confirmed by testing.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "'Global warming' is a myth \u2014 so say 80 graphs from 58 peer-reviewed scientific papers published in 2017.", "evidence": "Now Updated: 300 Non-Hockey Stick Graphs \"[W]hen it comes to disentangling natural variability from anthropogenically affected variability the vast majority of the instrumental record may be biased.\" \u2014 B\u00fcntgen et al., 2017 [...] Stenni et al., 2017 \"A recent effort to characterize Antarctic and sub-Antarctic climate variability during the last 200 years also concluded that most of the trends observed since satellite climate monitoring began in 1979 CE cannot yet be distinguished from natural (unforced) climate variability (Jones et al., 2016), and are of the opposite sign [cooling, not warming] to those produced by most forced climate model simulations over the same post-1979 CE interval. \u2026 (1) Temperatures over the Antarctic continent show an overall cooling trend during the period from 0 to 1900CE, which appears strongest in West Antarctica, and (2) no continent-scale warming of Antarctic temperature is evident in the last century.\" [...] Rydval et al., 2017 \"[T]he recent summer-time warming in Scotland is likely not unique when compared to multi-decadal warm periods observed in the 1300s, 1500s, and 1730s\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cThere is a cure to every d!isease\u201d; herbs can cure cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer\u2019s", "evidence": "Herbs for Dementia, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, and the Aging Brain: What the Research Has to Say [...] Decisions about dementia care are complicated and deeply personal, especially as the disease progresses. Research suggests that herbs may support cognitive function and relieve behavioral symptoms of dementia. If you choose to employ herbs for dementia or Alzheimer\u2019s, discuss your decision with your healthcare practitioner, start early, and be mindful of the potential for herb-drug interactions. [...] Man, S.C., Durairajan, S.S., Kum, W.F., Lu, J.H., Huang, J.D., Cheng, C.F., \u2026 Li, M. (2008). Systematic review on the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, 14(2), 209\u2013223. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-2008-14209", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThere is a cure to every d!isease\u201d; herbs can cure cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer\u2019s", "evidence": "Herbal remedies, also known as botanical medicine, have been used in many traditional medicine systems. They are produced from all parts of a plant including the roots, leaves, berries and flowers. These may contain active ingredients that can cause chemical changes in the body. Herbal remedies can be taken by mouth or applied to the skin to treat disease and promote health. Sometimes herbs and plants are categorised as biological treatments. [...] There is no reliable scientific evidence that herbal remedies alone can cure or treat cancer. However, some plant extracts have been found to have anti-cancer effects and have been turned into chemotherapy drugs. These include vincristine from the periwinkle plant, and taxanes from the bark of the Pacific yew tree. [...] Herbal medicines are often used to help with the side effects of conventional cancer treatments, such as lowering fatigue and improving wellbeing. Evidence shows they should be used in addition to conventional therapies, rather than as an alternative.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Pfizer admits that vaccinated people can shed the vaccine on unvaccinated people", "evidence": "Viral shedding is associated with live attenuated vaccines, such as the MMR vaccine and chickenpox vaccine. This occurs because the weakened viruses used in live vaccines still retain the ability to reproduce themselves using our cells\u2019 protein-making machinery. However, none of the COVID-19 vaccines available to date use live viruses. In addition, COVID-19 mRNA vaccines don\u2019t induce high-enough levels of spike protein production that would lead the protein to be excreted. Scientific studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes shedding, but not vaccination.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Pfizer admits that vaccinated people can shed the vaccine on unvaccinated people", "evidence": "Misrepresents source: The section on \"Occupational Exposure\" in the Pfizer trial protocol isn\u2019t unique to the COVID-19 vaccine. It deals with unintended exposure to the vaccine, for example if a vial of vaccine broke and spilled onto a vaccinated person who then came into contact with others. It doesn\u2019t constitute an admission that vaccinated people \"shed\" the vaccine. FULL CLAIM: \"Pfizer admitted you can shed the vaccine from one vaccinated to an unvaccinated\" [...] Another iteration of this claim seized on the clinical protocol for the Pfizer clinical trials to claim that Pfizer admitted that \"shedding\" from the vaccine occurs, as seen in this video of the Alex Jones Show from 2021 which was later reposted to Facebook in March 2023. The claim was made by podcaster and former Fox News host Kate Dalley.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The EU could SEIZE and SCRAP your old car if it doesn't meet their criteria as part of their climate agenda.", "evidence": "The EU Commission\u2019s proposal focuses on regulatory measures aimed at manufacturers and the automotive industry; it doesn\u2019t target car owners or consumers. Increasing the circularity of car parts and materials is expected to reduce the need for production and shipping of new materials, thereby lowering greenhouse gas emissions associated with manufacturing and transport.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The EU could SEIZE and SCRAP your old car if it doesn't meet their criteria as part of their climate agenda.", "evidence": "One such viral post was published by Peter Imanuelsen, also known as \"Peter Sweden\", who has regularly shared climate change misinformation according to Climate Action Against Disinformation. Imanuelsen claimed that the EU could \"SEIZE and SCRAP your old car if it doesn\u2019t meet their criteria as part of their climate agenda.\" His post further claimed that the state would dictate \"how long you will be allowed to own your car\", suggesting there would be mandatory scrapping of vehicles that miss their regular EU checkup for two years or if the cost of repairing a car exceeds its market value. In reality, the EU Commission\u2019s proposal does not mandate the seizure and scrapping of vehicles simply for not meeting certain environmental criteria. Instead, it provides guidelines for assessing vehicles that are neither economically repairable nor roadworthy, without stipulating specific consequences. In accordance with this, Annex 1 of the ELV proposal specifies that a vehicle is considered economically irreparable if its market value is lower than the cost of the necessary repairs required to meet road worthiness standards in the Member State where it is registered. This clause relates to evaluating the economic viability of repairing a vehicle; it does not enforce the seizure and scrapping of vehicles based solely on their condition.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age.", "evidence": "Carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates to form bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions (H+), so that increasing concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere have been decreasing the pH (acidifying) of the surface ocean (NRC, 2010c). Since the preindustrial period, pH has declined by approximately 0.1 pH unit corresponding to a 30 percent increase in acidity. By 2100, the acidity is projected to increase by 100-150 percent compared to preindustrial values. Geologic records indicate that when the increase in atmospheric CO2 is gradual, oceanic pH and carbonate levels remain relatively stable due to processes that occur in equilibrium, such as dissolution of CaCO3 shells, weathering of terrestrial rock, and tectonic processes. However, the current rate of increase of atmospheric CO2 exceeds the rate at which natural processes can buffer these pH changes.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age.", "evidence": "The claim appeared in multiple outlets, including Watts Up With That, the Daily Signal, and a Facebook post published by I Love Carbon Dioxide in April 2020. While human additions of CO2 are small relative to natural processes, atmospheric CO2 measurements are currently much higher than pre-industrialization CO2 levels and not within the \"margin of error of current estimates,\" as described by the reviewers below[1,2]. The ocean does release CO2, but scientific evidence demonstrates that oceans have absorbed approximately 23% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions since the Industrial Revolution, thus serving as a net sink rather than a source of CO2[3,4]. This claim also fails to recognize that human-induced CO2 emissions have caused imbalances in the global carbon cycle. [...] Secondly, the claim that the increase results as \"the Planet emerges from the last ice age\" is wrong for multiple reasons. Firstly, ice-core atmospheric CO2 records suggest that such a strong increase (from 280ppm to 412 ppm) is unprecedented in the last 800,000 years. Secondly, these records also show that the speed at which atmospheric CO2 increases is unprecedented in the ice-core record history.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age.", "evidence": "Atmospheric CO2 has increased rapidly as a result of human activities. Although human-caused emissions of CO2 are small relative to natural flows into and out of the atmosphere, the human contribution has caused an imbalance in the global carbon cycle that jeopardizes land and ocean ecosystems.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "More people are dying now than at the peak of the pandemic; the COVID-19 vaccines are the cause of the excess deaths seen in late 2022", "evidence": "Since early 2020, both the USA and Europe have experienced excess mortality due, in large part, to COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-21,2,3,4,5. By April 14, 2022, there were 978,545 and 1,961,790 laboratory confirmed deaths from COVID-19 reported in the USA and the whole of Europe6, respectively. [...] World Health Organization. Global excess deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Accessed April 19, 2022. https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/global-excess-deaths-associated-with-the-COVID-19-pandemic. [...] World Health Organization. Global excess deaths associated with COVID-19 (modelled estimates). Accessed May 5, 2022. https://www.who.int/data/sets/global-excess-deaths-associated-with-covid-19-modelled-estimates", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "More people are dying now than at the peak of the pandemic; the COVID-19 vaccines are the cause of the excess deaths seen in late 2022", "evidence": "Excess deaths in the U.K. remain well below the peaks during the COVID-19 pandemic before the vaccines were widely available. It is difficult to precisely define the causes of the recent rise in deaths, however pressure on health services and delays in treatment due to the pandemic are significant factors. The COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to be very safe, only causing heart inflammation in extremely rare cases.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Unprecedented climate change has caused sea level at Sydney Harbour to rise approximately 0.0 cm over the past 140 years.", "evidence": "Instead, global sea level rose by about 14 centimeters, or 5.5 inches, from 1900 to 2000. That\u2019s a substantial increase, especially for vulnerable, low-lying coastal areas. \"The 20th century rise was extraordinary in the context of the last three millennia \u2013 and the rise over the last two decades has been even faster,\" said Robert Kopp, the lead author. [...] Global sea level has been rising for the past several thousand years, owing to the retreat of glaciers from the last ice age. The key issue is whether the rate of sea level rise is accelerating owing to anthropogenic global warming. It is seen from the figure above that the rate of sea level rise during 1930-1950 was comparable to, if not larger than, the value in recent years. The challenges to determining global sea level rise, particularly over the past 100 or 1000 years, are substantial. [...] Sea level rise is the main \u2018danger\u2019 from human caused climate change (any increase in extreme weather events is hypothesized rather demonstrated using historical data, with possible exception of heat waves in a few regions).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "That one little burp by Mt. Etna has already put more than 10,000 times the CO2 into the atmosphere than mankind has in our entire time on the Earth", "evidence": "A February 3, 2020 post on a Facebook page called The Greens Little Bag of Stupidity features an image of a volcanic eruption with the title, \"For all you environmentalists \u2026\" The text reads, \"That one little burp by Mt Etna has already put more than 10,000 times the CO2 into the atmosphere than mankind has in our ENTIRE time on earth but don\u2019t worry a scam is in the works to tax you your miniscule footprint\u2026.\" [...] The post\u2019s claim that a volcanic eruption puts more carbon dioxide, or CO2, into the atmosphere than the amount generated by mankind over history echoes a similar post in December 2009 which claimed \"Mt. Saint Helen\u2019s volcano eruption put more toxic fumes, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide etc. into the atmosphere than all of the emissions from all of mankind\u2019s pollution from day one to now.\" [...] \"Humanity emits enough CO2 to cover the entire Earth with a 2cm layer every year, way more than any volcano. Since the \u2018beginning of time\u2019 humanity has emitted billions of cubic kilometers of CO2,\" Professor Sherwood said.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "That one little burp by Mt. Etna has already put more than 10,000 times the CO2 into the atmosphere than mankind has in our entire time on the Earth", "evidence": "Spectacular Footage Shows Fiery Mt. Etna Eruption On the Italian island of Sicily, Mt. Etna has been spewing ash and lava for centuries. [...] In the past seven decades, Etna has been rather innocuous, striking those who see it as more beautiful than fearsome. Etna, however, is not dormant.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Chemtrails contain toxic substances such as barium salts that are 10 thousand times more toxic to your nervous system than lead", "evidence": "Chemical trails harmful to health 15.3.2012 [...] According to an Italian blogger, from 1996 until now, there has been an increase in chemical trails, also known as chemtrails, which many people know nothing about. These trails, unlike condensation trails, do not dissipate quickly into the atmosphere. In addition, there is proof which confirms the presence of there being harmful chemical elements in the trails. Some researchers have studied the composition and effects of this phenomenon, which may to us seem harmless and commonplace. According to these experts, chemical trails are the result of experimental operations which have manifold purposes. The main objectives, albeit unproven, range from the meteorological to the military. The analyses carried out have verified the presence of the following elements in the chemtrails: barium, aluminium, radioactive thorium and caesium, copper, titanium, silicon, lithium, cobalt, lead, ethylene dibromide and several pathogenic agents. Chemical trails can cause a condition called Morgellons syndrome. It is a disease which causes serious deterioration in the body. As well as this disease, chemtrails are associated with other illnesses such as tumours, Parkinson\u2019s disease and cardiac dysfunction.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Chemtrails contain toxic substances such as barium salts that are 10 thousand times more toxic to your nervous system than lead", "evidence": "Increased Cancer Risk: Many of the elements found in chemtrails, such as barium, aluminium, and lead, are known carcinogens, contributing to a higher incidence of cancer in exposed populations. [...] While the debate over the existence and purpose of chemtrails continues, evidence suggesting their harmful effects on human health cannot be ignored. The presence of potentially toxic elements and pathogens in chemtrails poses significant risks to public health, manifesting in various ailments ranging from respiratory illnesses to neurological disorders and cancer. Further research and public awareness are essential to address this pressing issue and mitigate the potential health impacts of chemtrail exposure. [...] Chemical trails harmful to health", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Unvaccinated children pose no threat to anyone", "evidence": "Ms Thomson explains how she was first inspired by the idea that unvaccinated people won't be able to participate in certain aspects of society. [...] Ms Thomson says it's a concern that makes many users seek romance only with other unvaccinated people. [...] But virologist Professor Nicola Stonehouse from Leeds University says that vaccinated people pose no health risk to the unvaccinated. And the scientific evidence suggests that in terms of Covid-19 it is safer to be around vaccinated people.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Unvaccinated children pose no threat to anyone", "evidence": "Second, the unvaccinated minority do not pose a serious threat to the rest of us. So far, 165 million U.S. adults have been fully vaccinated, and 70 percent have now have had at least one shot, which research shows is highly protective after just two weeks. This means 192 million in total now have vaccinated immunity. Breakthrough infections are still rare \u2014 NBC News reports that there have been about 125,000 cases in 38 states, which represents a rate of about 0.07 percent. And according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as of Aug. 3, only 954 vaccinated Americans have died of covid-19, and only 4,641 have been hospitalized. Most of those are elderly, immunocompromised or have co-morbidities making the vaccines less effective. What about the risk to children, many of whom are ineligible to be vaccinated? Unvaccinated children are at similarly low risk for serious outcomes as vaccinated adults. CDC data show that just 406 people under 18 have died with a covid-19 diagnosis code in their record \u2014 and the CDC has no idea whether covid-19 was incidental or causal in their deaths. One study found zero mortality in children without preexisting conditions. Healthy children are not a serious risk \u2014 and healthy vaccinated adults (such as teachers) are at near-zero risk from them. What this means is that if you are an otherwise healthy vaccinated person, you are effectively bulletproof against serious illness. While we should encourage unvaccinated Americans to get immunized for their own sake, they pose no real danger to the rest of us.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Sugar causes cancer; eliminating sugar from the diet can cure cancer", "evidence": "Cancer is the result of mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. The International Agency for Research on Cancer recognizes obesity as a cause of at least 13 different cancers. Obesity, defined as excessive fat accumulation that poses a health risk, is generally caused by eating more calories than one expends. People who consume a high-fat, high-sugar diet are thus prone to becoming obese, which could increase their risk of developing cancer.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sugar causes cancer; eliminating sugar from the diet can cure cancer", "evidence": "There\u2019s a lot of confusing and misleading information on the Internet about the relationship between sugar and cancer. The notion that refined sugar causes cancer or that cutting sugar from the diet is a good way to treat cancer are two common \u2014 and incorrect \u2014 claims that turn up in a Google search. [...] What, if any, is the link between sugar and cancer? [...] Explain why it\u2019s hard to \"starve\" cancer of sugar just by changing your diet.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sugar causes cancer; eliminating sugar from the diet can cure cancer", "evidence": "You might have heard that sugar causes cancer or makes it grow faster. In some ways, this may make sense. But the science on this isn't clear. It may not be that sugar directly causes cancer. [...] Other cancer experts say sugar itself can drive cancer. One such researcher is Lewis Cantley, PhD, director of the Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York. [...] Even if you don\u2019t think sugar can cause cancer, it\u2019s wise to limit added sugar. Research says you should get no more than 6 teaspoons a day if you\u2019re a woman and 9 if you\u2019re a man. Yet on average, people in the U.S. get about 17 teaspoons of added sugar each day. That\u2019s around 60 pounds of sugar each year.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide. I hope my readers can recognize the absurdity of their claims. \u2026 increasing sunspots are linked to increases in earth temperature", "evidence": "In 2016, CFACT published the Climate Truth File, essentially a manifesto attempting to refute human-influenced global warming. Here are some of their main points: [...] I hope my readers can recognize the absurdity of their claims. \u2026 increasing sunspots are linked to increases in earth temperature\" \u2013 Inaccurate - Antarctic sea-ice extent is increasing to record levels. Antarctica is getting colder; its sea ice and ice cap are not melting. \u2013 Inaccurate", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide. I hope my readers can recognize the absurdity of their claims. \u2026 increasing sunspots are linked to increases in earth temperature", "evidence": "The Earth is heating up, and human beings burning fossil fuels are the dominant cause. It\u2019s not ocean warming that dominates, it\u2019s not cosmic rays, it\u2019s not variations in the Earth\u2019s orbit and tilt toward the sun (Milankovitch cycles), it\u2019s not solar irradiance \u2013 it\u2019s us. But there is a very vocal minority that refuses to accept that global heating is real. [...] First, there is a correlation between sunspots and solar irradiance (output) on the Earth. During this period, sunspots were less common and there was less solar energy reaching the Earth, allowing it to cool slightly. Second, there were several volcanic eruptions that released massive amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. Sulfur dioxide is an aerosol that forms droplets of sulphuric acid in the high atmosphere and reflects solar energy back into space, so these two volcanic eruptions had some short- to medium-term effects. In addition, prior to the 1970s there were limited pollution controls, allowing pollutant aerosols to act as coolants via reflection of solar radiation. Ultimately, though, it is believed that sometime after 1970 the concentration of CO2 rose to the point that solar forcing was no longer the dominant climate factor, anthropogenic CO2 was. (Sources: Do Models Underestimate the Solar Contribution to Recent Climate Change?, Swindled!)", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "there is no relationship between temperature and carbon dioxide emissions by humans[...] carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate", "evidence": "The global temperature response to increasing atmospheric CO2 is often quantified by metrics such as equilibrium climate sensitivity and transient climate response1. These approaches, however, do not account for carbon cycle feedbacks and therefore do not fully represent the net response of the Earth system to anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Climate\u2013carbon modelling experiments have shown that: (1) the warming per unit CO2 emitted does not depend on the background CO2 concentration2; (2) the total allowable emissions for climate stabilization do not depend on the timing of those emissions3,4,5; and (3) the temperature response to a pulse of CO2 is approximately constant on timescales of decades to centuries3,6,7,8. Here we generalize these results and show that the carbon\u2013climate response (CCR), defined as the ratio of temperature change to cumulative carbon emissions, is approximately independent of both the atmospheric CO2 concentration and its rate of change on these timescales. From observational constraints, we estimate CCR to be in the range 1.0\u20132.1 \u00b0C per trillion tonnes of carbon (Tt C) emitted (5th to 95th percentiles), consistent with twenty-first-century CCR values simulated by climate\u2013carbon models. Uncertainty in land-use CO2 emissions and aerosol forcing, however, means that higher observationally constrained values cannot be excluded.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "there is no relationship between temperature and carbon dioxide emissions by humans[...] carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate", "evidence": "The relationship between atmospheric CO2 levels and climate change is often perceived as a controversial subject. While there\u2019s no real disagreement among climate scientists \u2013 around 90% fully agree that human activity is clearly responsible for climate change \u2013 in the United States in 2016, barely 50% of the general public came to the same conclusion. Adding to the general confusion, highly active \"climate-change deniers\" claim that temperature has evolved independently of CO2 atmospheric concentrations through Earth\u2019s history, and that therefore today\u2019s rising CO2 levels are not an issue. [...] Using rocks, fossils and their chemical and physical properties, geoscientists have reconstructed warm and cold periods throughout Earth\u2019s history. To demonstrate the link between climate, temperature and pCO2 millions of years ago, we need to reconstruct each of them independently. To do so, we use climatic recorders called \"proxies\". [...] On long time scales, when pCO2 increases, warming stimulates the carbon pumps, thereby helping pCO2 to decrease. This negative feedback can act as a geological thermostat. Unfortunately, it is too slow to react rapidly enough to compensate for our fast emissions. On the timescale of a decade, warming aggravates CO2 release to the atmosphere. When temperature increases, oceans warm up and release dissolved CO2 to the atmosphere. For 2.6 million years, glacial and interglacial cycles have been forced by Earth\u2019s orbital fluctuations and CO2 was only an internal positive feedback. Today, anthropogenic CO2 leads and amplifies the ongoing warming.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccine mRNA cannot be broken down; COVID-19 vaccines cause excess death and unprecedented blood clots", "evidence": "As reported globally and domestically, COVID-19 vaccines can produce serious side effects related to blood clots in the body which urges the temporary discontinuation of certain vaccines in some countries. Up to the present, blood clots in the veins associated with vaccines have been reported in different parts of the body, such as the brain, thigh and lower leg. In rare cases, blood clots can systemically travel to the vessel in the lung, causing blood clots in the lung (pulmonary embolism.) The cause of unusual blood clots or thrombosis chiefly involves the activation of immune system that acts against the platelets, resulting in low levels of platelets in the blood and leading to undesired blood clot formation in the body. This is, as already published on The New England Journal of Medicine, not a new adverse reaction caused by COVID-19 vaccines. (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe2106315?query=TOC) In fact, it is also a possible complication during the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, blood clots associated with COVDI-19 vaccines rarely happen, only 50-60 cases reported among 50-60 million administered doses.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccine mRNA cannot be broken down; COVID-19 vaccines cause excess death and unprecedented blood clots", "evidence": "COVID vaccines and blood clots: five key questions [...] It has been a difficult week for two COVID-19 vaccines. On 13 April, US regulators urged health-care providers to temporarily stop using a vaccine made by Johnson & Johnson (J&J) of New Brunswick, New Jersey, because of six suspected cases of unusual blood clotting among nearly seven million vaccine recipients. [...] How could a COVID vaccine cause blood clots? Scientists race to investigate", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "[climate models] systematically over-estimate the sensitivity of climate to carbon dioxide ... and modelers exclude forcings and feedbacks that run counter to their mission", "evidence": "GCMs systematically over-estimate the sensitivity of climate to carbon dioxide (CO2), many known forcings and feedbacks are poorly modeled, and modelers exclude forcings and feedbacks that run counter to their mission to find a human influence on climate. Doubling the concentration of atmospheric CO2 from its pre-industrial level, in the absence of other forcings and feedbacks, would likely cause a warming of ~0.3\u00b0C to 1.1\u00b0C, almost 50 percent of which must already have occurred.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines are \u201cexperimental poison\u201d; COVID has gone away", "evidence": "COVID-19 vaccines \u2014 like all vaccines and other medical products \u2014 come with side effects, including serious side effects in rare cases. The vaccines were rolled out to protect people from a novel virus that has killed millions of people globally and would likely have killed millions more without the arrival of the vaccines. There is a broad consensus from experts and governmental health agencies that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the risks. [...] \"What we take away, is that the Covid-19 vaccination campaigns have been very effective in preventing severe disease,\" study co-author Anders Hviid, head of the department of epidemiology research at the Statens Serum Institut in Denmark, told us in an email. \"The few serious side effects that we have observed in this and other studies have been rare.\" [...] \"Hundreds of millions of people were used as lab rats and now the truth that WE ALL ALREADY KNEW can no longer be denied,\" said one popular post, referring to the vaccines as \"experimental\" and \"UNTESTED.\" The post shared a screenshot of the headline of a New York Post article about the new study, which read, \"COVID vaccines linked to slight increases in heart, brain, blood disorders: study.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines are \u201cexperimental poison\u201d; COVID has gone away", "evidence": "- Medical assistants-certified (MA-Cs) and medication assistants are prohibited from administering experimental drugs. Are COVID-19 vaccines experimental drugs? MA-Cs and medication assistants can administer COVID-19 vaccines. Any COVID-19 vaccine issued under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) or fully approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is not an experimental drug within the meaning of the laws prohibiting MA-Cs and medication assistants from administering experimental drugs. See the Providers Authorized to Administer and Order Vaccines (PDF) chart for other health care professions that are authorized to administer COVID-19 vaccines.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Climate change is not happening, there is no significant man-made global warming now, there hasn't been any in the past, and there's no reason to expect any in the future.", "evidence": "Humans have caused major climate changes to happen already, and we have set in motion more changes still. However, if we stopped emitting greenhouse gases today, the rise in global temperatures would begin to flatten within a few years. Temperatures would then plateau but remain well-elevated for many, many centuries. There is a time lag between what we do and when we feel it, but that lag is less than a decade. While the effects of human activities on Earth's climate to date are irreversible on the timescale of humans alive today, every little bit of avoided future temperature increases results in less warming that would otherwise persist for essentially forever. The benefits of reduced greenhouse gas emissions occur on the same timescale as the political decisions that lead to those reductions. Without major action to reduce emissions, global temperature is on track to rise by 2.5\u00b0C to 4.5\u00b0C (4.5\u00b0F to 8\u00b0F) by 2100, according to the latest estimates.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cSARS is the research developed by humans, weaponizing a life system model to actually attack human beings\u201d", "evidence": "Table 1 Opportunities and limitations of current SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 model systems [...] Work in the authors laboratory was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF grants #173085, 196644, 182880) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (BMBF; grant RAPID, #01KI1723A). [...] Ram Lal Swagat Shrestha", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cSARS is the research developed by humans, weaponizing a life system model to actually attack human beings\u201d", "evidence": "\"Are you suggesting that SARS \u2026 might have come from a laboratory in the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill? No, I\u2019m not suggesting it. I\u2019m telling you that\u2019s the facts \u2014 we engineered SARS,\" he said. \"SARS is not a naturally occurring phenomenon. The naturally occurring phenomenon is called the common cold \u2026 SARS is the research developed by humans weaponizing a life system model to actually attack human beings.\" [...] \"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).\" CDC. 6 Dec 2017.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Colloidal silver is effective for any infection", "evidence": "Colloidal silver does not treat infections when taken orally and can cause side effects [...] This claim was published in a Jan. 2020 blog post promoting the sale of colloidal silver products. The post went viral on Facebook in the same month, receiving more than 11,000 interactions on the platform within a week of publication. The article claims that colloidal silver effectively fights against any bacterial, fungal, or viral infection, calling it \"a modern and fabulously effective treatment with virtually no side effects\". [...] However, effective applications of silver as a medicine have been limited to topical treatments (such as application of a cream containing silver directly to a wound). There is no evidence that consuming or nasally spraying colloidal silver treats \"any infection\", as the claim states, or \"supports the immune system\". According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, consuming colloidal silver or using it as a nasal spray can even cause health problems such as argyria, which is an irreversible blue-gray skin discoloration[9]. A 2018 review estimated that 70 \u2013 1500 mg silver/kg body weight could induce argyria[10]. Colloidal silver can also interfere with the action of other drugs, such as thyroxine which is used to treat thyroid deficiency.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Colloidal silver is effective for any infection", "evidence": "To date, numerous topical agents have been tested and although some have shown anti-biofilm activity (Chiu et al., 2008; Le et al., 2008; Alandejani et al., 2009; Jardeleza et al., 2011; Jervis-Bardy et al., 2012; Paramasivan et al., 2014; Richter et al., 2016, 2017a,b), none have been widely accepted as a treatment option in recalcitrant CRS. Recent evidence suggests that colloidal silver (CS) may be effective against bacterial biofilms. We have previously shown that CS showed significant anti-biofilm activity in vitro and in vivo against S. aureus (Goggin et al., 2014; Rajiv et al., 2015), and against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and P. aeruginosa biofilms. Spherical nanoparticles were also shown to be non-toxic in human cell culture (THP-1, Nuli-1) (Richter et al., 2017c) and safe in a sheep sinusitis model (Rajiv et al., 2015). Moreover, they were physically stable for over 6 months in storage with no observed loss in anti-biofilm activity (Richter et al., 2017c). [...] Richter, K., Facal, P., Thomas, N., Vandecandelaere, I., Ramezanpour, M., Cooksley, C., et al. (2017c). Taking the silver bullet colloidal silver particles for the topical treatment of biofilm-related infections. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 21631\u201321638. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b03672", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Bones \u201care not made of calcium\u201d; wild yam is a treatment for osteoporosis", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: Bones \"are not made of calcium\"; don\u2019t use calcium supplements to treat osteoporosis; high estrogen is associated with osteoporosis ; wild yam is a treatment for osteoporosis In July 2024, a snippet of a presentation by naturopath Barbara O\u2019Neill circulated on Facebook where she advocated against using calcium supplements to treat osteoporosis. O\u2019Neill justified her statement by claiming that bones \"are not made of calcium\". Instead, she recommended the use of \"Anna\u2019s wild yam cream\", which would allegedly \"lift the progesterone levels\" and foster new bone formation. [...] O\u2019Neill provided an inaccurate explanation of how bones are formed and maintained throughout life. Contrary to her claim, calcium is an essential component of bones. Not consuming enough calcium is one of the risk factors that can jeopardize bone formation and lead to osteoporosis. Contrary to O\u2019Neill\u2019s claim, adopting a diet with more calcium is one of the first steps someone can take to prevent or slow down osteoporosis. Wild yam isn\u2019t a proven treatment for osteoporosis, and there is no evidence that it can cause an increase in progesterone.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Bones \u201care not made of calcium\u201d; wild yam is a treatment for osteoporosis", "evidence": "In July 2024, a snippet of a presentation by naturopath Barbara O\u2019Neill circulated on Facebook where she advocated against using calcium supplements to treat osteoporosis. O\u2019Neill justified her statement by claiming that bones \"are not made of calcium\". Instead, she recommended the use of \"Anna\u2019s wild yam cream\", which would allegedly \"lift the progesterone levels\" and foster new bone formation. [...] O\u2019Neill also asserted that a product called Anna\u2019s Wild Yam Cream could treat osteoporosis by increasing progesterone levels. She claimed that progesterone stimulates osteoblasts, and that osteoporosis results from elevated estrogen levels that reduce the progesterone levels. [...] O\u2019Neill provided an inaccurate explanation of how bones are formed and maintained throughout life. Contrary to her claim, calcium is an essential component of bones. Not consuming enough calcium is one of the risk factors that can jeopardize bone formation and lead to osteoporosis. Contrary to O\u2019Neill\u2019s claim, adopting a diet with more calcium is one of the first steps someone can take to prevent or slow down osteoporosis. Wild yam isn\u2019t a proven treatment for osteoporosis, and there is no evidence that it can cause an increase in progesterone.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Every election year has a disease; coronavirus has a contagion factor of 2", "evidence": "Every year in the U.S. is an election year, if taking into account state and Congressional elections as well as presidential elections. Since disease outbreaks have not occurred every year, it follows that not every election year has been associated with a disease outbreak as implied by the claim. In addition, the transmissibility of the coronavirus, represented by the \u201cbasic reproduction number\u201d, is still under study. Currently, the basic reproduction numbers reported for the virus causing COVID-19 range between around 2 to more than 6.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells", "evidence": "MYTH: Marijuana isn\u2019t addictive [...] Chronic marijuana use can lead to addiction. Research shows that approximately 9 percent, or about 1 in 11, of those who use marijuana will become addicted. This goes up to 17 percent in those who start using while young (in their teens) and increases to 25-50 percent of daily users.6 [...] FACTS: Like alcohol, marijuana and associated THC-containing products are intoxicants and can contribute to impaired judgment and increased susceptibility to mental health problems, including depression, insomnia and paranoid delusions.16", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Published studies show that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines cause metabolic cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death", "evidence": "Cardiac complications following mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review of case reports and case series - PMID: 34921468 - DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2318 [...] There have been several local and systemic adverse events associated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Pericarditis, myocarditis and myocardial infarction are examples of cardiac complications related to these vaccines. In this article, we conducted a systematic review of case reports and case series to identify the clinical profile, investigations, and management of reported cardiac complications post-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, as well as the medRxiv preprint server, with terms including: 'SARS-CoV-2', 'COVID-19', 'messenger RNA vaccine*', 'mRNA-1273 vaccine', 'BNT162 vaccine', 'myocarditis', 'pericarditis', 'stroke' and 'Myocardial Ischemia' up to 25 September 2021. Studies were excluded if they were not case reports or case series, or reported cases from non-mRNA vaccines. Case reports and case series were included that investigated the potential cardiac complications associated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. The JBI checklist was used to assess quality and data synthesis was conducted using a qualitative methodology called narrative synthesis. Sixty-nine studies, including 43 case reports and 26 case series, were included. Myocarditis/myopericarditis and pericarditis were the most common adverse events among the 243 reported cardiac complications, post mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Males with a median age of 21 years had the highest frequency of myocarditis.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Published studies show that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines cause metabolic cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death", "evidence": "Misrepresents source: None of the three studies found that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines increase the risk of sudden death or metabolic cardiomyopathy, as McCullough claimed. One study of autopsies of vaccinated people clarified that none of the deaths were caused by the vaccine; another study was performed in people who showed no symptoms of heart problems and didn\u2019t report any deaths, while the other study used very high doses of vaccine that aren\u2019t comparable to doses used in vaccination. [...] During the interview, McCullough claimed that three studies\u2014one from Krauson et al., another from Nakahara et al., and the other from Schreckenberg et al.\u2014were evidence that the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines caused \"a form of metabolic cardiomyopathy\" that could explain \"sudden cardiac death\"[1-3]. [...] The claim that these three studies point to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines causing \"metabolic cardiomyopathy\" and \"sudden cardiac death\" is baseless. As we explained above, McCullough\u2019s statements about the studies misrepresent their findings or leave out important information that contradicts his claim. In fact, none of the studies found any association between COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and sudden cardiac death or metabolic cardiomyopathy. Other published studies have also found no association between COVID-19 vaccination and sudden death or an increase in all-cause mortality.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There is nothing wrong with the thyroid in patients with Hashimoto\u2019s disease; vitamin B is a cure for Hashimoto\u2019s disease", "evidence": "Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease and the leading cause of hypothyroidism, in which damage to the thyroid gland occurs due to the infiltration of lymphocytes. It is characterized by increased levels of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. In this review, we present the metabolic profile, the effectiveness of micronutrient supplementation and the impact of dietary management in patients with HT. For this current literature review, the databases PubMed, Cochrane, Medline and Embase were reviewed from the last ten years until March 2022. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. Many patients with HT, even in the euthyroid state, have excess body weight, metabolic disorders, and reduced quality of life. Due to frequent concomitant nutritional deficiencies, the role of vitamin D, iodine, selenium, magnesium, iron and vitamin B12 is currently debated. Several studies have underlined the benefits of vitamin D and selenium supplementation. There is still no specific diet recommended for patients with HT, but a protective effect of an anti-inflammatory diet rich in vitamins and minerals and low in animal foods has been suggested. There is insufficient evidence to support a gluten-free diet for all HT patients. [...] Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index and Thyroid Function in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study.Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Sep 5;60(9):1454. doi: 10.3390/medicina60091454. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024. PMID: 39336495 Free PMC article.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There is nothing wrong with the thyroid in patients with Hashimoto\u2019s disease; vitamin B is a cure for Hashimoto\u2019s disease", "evidence": "Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition that happens to affect the thyroid gland. This means that our immune system recognizes the thyroid gland as a foreign invader and begins to attack it, eventually leading to the destruction of our thyroid tissue. When this destruction goes on long enough, the person will lose their ability to produce thyroid hormone. [...] Hashimoto\u2019s is the most common autoimmune condition, but the thyroid gland is not always the \"weakest link\" for everyone. A person may start off with a different autoimmune condition, like celiac disease, and then progress to Hashimoto\u2019s. [...] While there is no cure for Hashimoto\u2019s, we can put it into remission by eliminating the underlying triggers and thyroid antibodies \u2014 and in many cases, we can regenerate and heal thyroid tissues using innovative, experimental therapies.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical", "evidence": "The meme\u2019s overarching claim about \"experts\" warning of a \"global cooling in 1977\" also isn\u2019t new. We addressed a similar claim advanced by Trump last year, and by Republican Texas Sen. Ted Cruz before him. [...] Moreover, the notion of global cooling was not widely accepted among climate scientists \u2014 as global warming is today. (NASA notes that studies show that \"97 percent or more\" of active climate scientists believe human-caused warming is occurring.) [...] Peterson, Thomas C., et. al. \"The Myth of the 1970s Global Cooling Scientific Consensus.\" Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 1 Sep 2008.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "A study showed a \u201cweakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer\u2019s COVID-19 shot\u201d; \u201cThe mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children\u201d", "evidence": "COVID-19 vaccines are effective against severe disease. The American Academy of Pediatricians recommends that children and adolescents aged six months and above receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Some research suggests that COVID-19 vaccination may temporarily change how the immune system reacts to infection from pathogens other than the virus SARS-CoV-2. However, the study didn\u2019t show that vaccinated children have weaker immunity.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer", "evidence": "The American Cancer Society (ACS) is committing to work towards eliminating cervical cancer in the United States in the next 40 years by increasing HPV vaccination rates and continued screening. To this end, ACS is launching Mission: HPV Cancer Free, a public health campaign to eliminate vaccine-preventable HPV cancers, starting with cervical cancer. The goal of the campaign is to have 80 percent of 13-year-old boys and girls in the US fully vaccinated with HPV vaccine by 2026\u201420 years after introduction of the first HPV vaccine. [...] \"If we can achieve sustained 80% HPV vaccination in pre-teen boys and girls, combined with continued screening and treatment for cervical pre-cancers, we could see the elimination of cervical cancer in the US within 40 years,\" said Richard C. Wender, M.D., chief cancer control officer for the American Cancer Society. \"No cancer has been eliminated yet, but we believe if these conditions are met, the elimination of cervical cancer is a very real possibility.\" [...] UPDATE June 7, 2018: The National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer centers have endorsed the goal of eliminating cancers caused by HPV through gender-neutral HPV vaccination and evidence-based cancer screening.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer", "evidence": "Indeed, the reductions in HPV infections and precancerous cells \"are a first sign that vaccination could eventually lead to the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem,\" the study's lead author, M\u00e9lanie Drolet, an epidemiologist at Laval University in Canada, said in a statement. [...] In particular, the study found the HPV vaccine led to a reduction in the rates of abnormal pap smear findings. Pap smears are used to detect abnormal cells in the cervix that can sometimes develop into cancer. Five to nine years after a population was vaccinated against HPV, the researchers found a more than 50 percent reduction in cases of these pre-cancerous cells in girls 15 to 19. In vaccinated women 20 to 24, there were one-third fewer cases of these cells. [...] Whether or not a person has received the HPV vaccine, getting cervical cells regularly tested \u2014 through Pap tests and HPV screening \u2014 is still a crucial to reducing cases of cervical cancer and early detection, said Diane Harper, senior associate director of the Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research. Rates of invasive cervical cancer dropped significantly in the U.S. when cancer screening was introduced in the 1940s, and there were less than half the number of cases in 2007 that there were in 1973, largely due to screening.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer", "evidence": "Numerous studies have shown that the HPV vaccine has helped to reduce viral transmission, which in turn protects individuals from the risk of developing cervical cancer and also protects unvaccinated individuals within the community through the herd immunity effect. Studies predict that with sufficiently high HPV vaccine coverage and regular cervical cancer screening, the disease can eventually be eliminated.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed", "evidence": "Globally, weather station data show that the world has warmed by roughly 1 \u00b0C so far\u2013as has Australia. The warming trend over the last couple decades has matched climate model projections made during that time period.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed", "evidence": "This small warming is likely a result of the natural alterations in global ocean currents which are driven by ocean salinity variations. [...] Scientific consensus on climate change 93 unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed \"Australia's extreme heat is sign of things to come, scientists warn\". [...] Since the start of the 20th century, the global mean surface temperature of the Earth has increased by more than 0.7\u00b0C and the rate of warming has been largest in the last 30 years.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed", "evidence": "Factually inaccurate: Observations clearly show that Australia has warmed by around 1 \u00b0C. [...] - Donat et al (2016) Extraordinary heat during the 1930s US Dust Bowl and associated large-scale conditions, Climate Dynamics \"temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed.\" I don\u2019t know what the source of these numbers is. The official data for Australia by the Bureau of Meteorology, based on high-quality observations, clearly shows that average temperatures have warmed by 0.9-1 degree since 1910.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 RNA vaccines weren\u2019t made with messenger RNA; vaccine RNA cannot be broken down in the body", "evidence": "Different Types of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines mRNA vaccines can be categorized as non-replicating mRNA, self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) based on their genetic characteristics (Fig. 3).107 Non-replicating mRNA vaccines deliver exclusively genetic information coding for the target antigen, thus containing the 5\u2032-cap, 5\u2032 untranslated region (UTR), 3\u2032 UTR, and 3\u2032-poly(A) tail regions.108 saRNA vaccines can deliver genetic information encoding the target antigen and other genes, e.g., viral RNA polymerase, to enable mRNA to self-replicate.109,110 Based on saRNA technology, safe trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA) vaccines have been optimized and developed.111 In addition, circRNA has recently been developed for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines due to its natural high stability.112 Most COVID-19 mRNA vaccines currently in clinical trials or those already on the market are non-replicating mRNA vaccines. The advantages of non-replicating mRNA vaccines include the use of an RNA molecule of simple structure and shorter length. An optimized or modified mRNA can have greatly enhanced biological activity. Lastly, saRNA vaccines are currently in preclinical and clinical trials. [...] Walsh, E. E. et al. RNA-based COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 selected for a pivotal efficacy study. Medrxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176651 (2020). [...] Mulligan, M. J. et al. Phase I/II study of COVID-19 RNA vaccine BNT162b1 in adults. Nature586, 589\u2013593 (2020).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 RNA vaccines weren\u2019t made with messenger RNA; vaccine RNA cannot be broken down in the body", "evidence": "Getting COVID-19 carries a greater risk of developing health complications compared to COVID-19 vaccination. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines contain messenger RNA (mRNA) that provides the blueprint for making spike protein. Modified mRNA isn\u2019t intrinsically artificial. Modifications to mRNA also occur naturally in humans and are used to regulate gene expression. Scientists took their cue from nature when modifying COVID-19 vaccine mRNA to improve its stability and efficiency in protein synthesis.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The ice caps were going to melt. They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records", "evidence": "Human-induced warming at the poles has caused a reduction in sea ice extent, notably in the Arctic, and a continuous shrinking of glaciers on land. President Trump has probably been misled by inaccurate articles like this one published by Forbes.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health", "evidence": "Because maintaining a narrow pH range is crucial for the chemical processes that keep us alive, the human body already has several mechanisms for regulating pH, such that the pH of food and drink does not significantly change blood pH. There is generally no health concern associated with drinking slightly acidic bottled water.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health", "evidence": "Acidic water is synergistic, which means that a combination of a low pH and an increased concentration of certain substances is far more harmful than the sum of the parts. For example, aluminium, lead and mercury are potentially dangerous substances, but when the pH of the water source is already low, these substances can have extremely detrimental consequences for aquatic life. Acidic water can also cause problems for human consumption. While slightly acidic water is not dangerous, on its own, it can be quite dangerous when combined with other compounds. Water with a pH that is less than 6.5 can leach metal ions, including iron, manganese, copper, lead and zinc from plumbing fixtures and pipes. This, in return, can be quite dangerous. On the other end of the pH scale, water that has a pH greater than 8.0 can be difficult to disinfect. The World Health Organization recommends that the pH of the water be less than 8.0, because basic water does not allow for effective chlorination. [...] Like TDS, pH is given an aesthetic objective in Canada. The Canadian Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality suggest that the pH of drinking water should be between 7.0 and 10.5. The Saskatchewan Drinking Water Standards and Objectives recommend that the pH of drinking water be between 6.5 and 9.0.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health", "evidence": "These brands of bottled water all have an acidic pH, meaning that they each pose a significant risk in terms of contributing to cavities. Of course, this is assuming that an individual is consuming the recommended equivalent of eight 8\u2013ounce glasses of water each day. [...] Final Thoughts on Bottled Water pH Levels Even though drinking plenty of water is good for your overall health, you should avoid bottled water that contains a high or low pH. Fortunately, this is not too hard to do as most manufacturers will print their bottled water pH levels right on the packaging. However, if you have already developed a cavity, you\u2019re encouraged to schedule an appointment with Mountain View Dental, one of Utah\u2019s leading general and cosmetic dentistry practices.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly", "evidence": "Researchers also found that the VB variant impacted the rate of CD4 cell decline in infected individuals\u2014this cell decline is the \"hallmark\" of damage to the immune system caused by HIV, the press release says. CD4 cells, also known as T-cells, are infection-fighting white blood cells, according to the US National Library of Medicine. HIV attacks and destroys these CD4 cells\u2014and when too many of the cells are lost, the body has trouble fighting off infections. Very low CD4 counts are indicative of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The study showed that the VB variant caused infected people's CD4 counts to drop twice as fast as other HIV strains, meaning they were at risk of developing AIDS more quickly. Without treatment, researchers estimated a person with the VB variant would develop AIDS two to three years after diagnosis, compared to six to seven years for people with a different HIV strain. Despite the VB variant's increased severity and transmissibility, researchers found that the variant responded to current HIV treatments (like antiretroviral drugs) as well as other strains do. Survival rates after starting treatment were also similar among those with the VB variant and other variants. How (And Why) Do Variants Emerge?", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly", "evidence": "Researchers identified a new variant of HIV, named VB variant, which is characterized by a large number of mutations. Infections with this variant were associated with a higher viral load and a faster decline of the level of white blood cells. This means that patients infected by this variant could develop AIDS faster. Encouragingly, current HIV treatments appear to remain effective against this variant.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly", "evidence": "The variant, known as the \"VB variant\", causes CD4 cell decline to occur twice as fast in infected individuals compared with other viral variants. This is a clinical hallmark, or \"signature\" of the extent of damage caused by the HIV virus. In addition, those infected with the VB variant also demonstrated an increased risk of transmitting the virus to others, the data suggests. [...] This collection of mutations defines a particular type of virus, what we later came to call the VB variant (because it is virulent and part of the subtype B group of viruses). Technically, we performed a \"principal components analysis\": we found one direction in the space of all possible mutations that was correlated with viral load. Fifteen of the 17 individuals we found were from the Netherlands. To make sure this finding was not just a statistical fluke, we worked with colleagues at Stichting HIV Monitoring to obtain much more data from the Netherlands. We found another 92 individuals with the variant. Again, they had a substantially higher viral load than individuals with other HIV viruses, and we also found that their CD4 cells declined twice as fast. HIV attacks CD4 cells, gradually impairing an individual\u2019s immune system, and the rate of this decline measures how much damage the virus is causing. [...] The VB variant of HIV provides a concrete example for the study of virulence evolution for viruses generally, which has been widely studied through theoretical means with few real-world examples to consider.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Per FDA guidelines, babies are too small to safely handle the amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines", "evidence": "The level of aluminum in childhood vaccines is safe, even for babies [...] Factually inaccurate: Contrary to what the claim suggested, the amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines is below the safe limit for injectable biological products specified in the Code of Federal Regulations. An analysis of the pharmacokinetics of aluminum showed that the amount of aluminum from vaccines that enters the blood of babies isn\u2019t dangerous. [...] According to the post, most vaccines contain \"225 micrograms to 850 micrograms\" of aluminum, while \"per FDA guidelines, the max amount of aluminum anyone can safely handle is 4 micrograms per kilo\". This means a child would need to weigh at least 56 kilograms to be able to safely receive a shot with 225 micrograms of aluminum (225 micrograms divided by four), and an unrealistic 212 kilograms to safely receive a shot with 850 micrograms of aluminum.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Per FDA guidelines, babies are too small to safely handle the amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines", "evidence": "Claim understates federal limit for safe level of aluminum in vaccines | Fact check [...] \"Someone asked \u2018What are your reasons why you don't vaccinate?\u2019 One lady responded with: 'My kids don't weigh enough yet!'\" the post reads. \"'Per FDA guidelines, the max amount of aluminum anyone can safely handle is 4 micrograms per kilo. Most shots are 225 mcg to 850 mcg. So my kids would need to weigh a minimum of around 123 pounds to safely vaccinate per FDA guidelines. And need to wait to hit 467 pounds to safely receive the pediarix vaccine. I don't make the rules, just follow them!'\" [...] Federal regulations set the limit of aluminum in vaccines at 1.25 milligrams per dose. Additionally, the amount can be no more than what data shows is needed to cause the desired immune response without health impacts. Aluminum salts are used in vaccines to stimulate a stronger immune response to a vaccine, and USA TODAY has previously reported on a large body of research supporting the safety of the way they are used.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Per FDA guidelines, babies are too small to safely handle the amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines", "evidence": "Some childhood vaccines contain aluminum salts to boost the effectiveness of vaccination. Aluminum is rapidly excreted from the body through the kidneys. The amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines is lower than that consumed in their diets, and is below the safe limits for aluminum.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "[SARS-CoV-2] is spreading quickly from gas pumps. Shopping carts as well.", "evidence": "Keep a safe space of at least 6 feet (about 2 arms' length) between yourself and other people who are not from your household in both indoor and outdoor spaces. [...] Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds especially after you have been in a public place, or after blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing. When to Wash Your Hands - After you have been in a public place and touched an item or frequently touched surface, such as door handles, tables, gas pumps, shopping carts, or electronic registers/screens, etc.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "[SARS-CoV-2] is spreading quickly from gas pumps. Shopping carts as well.", "evidence": "People may become infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, when they touch contaminated surfaces and transfer the virus to their eyes, nose, or mouth. However, it is not known how often this is likely to occur and there is no evidence that it is spreading quickly in this manner. Therefore, proper handwashing and cleaning surfaces with soap or other common disinfectants are effective ways to reduce the risk of contracting the virus from surfaces.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "If the tongue is 'crooked', if it goes to one side or the other that is also an indication of a stroke.", "evidence": "Early stroke signs may include \u2018tongue deviation\u2019 - may cause \u2018complications when eating\u2019 [...] Although tongue deviation is a less commonly seen sign, it has been recognised in stroke patients. [...] In other words, a crooked tongue which slants to one side or the other could be indicative of nerve damage due to stroke.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Apeel contains harmful ingredients", "evidence": "- Carcinogenic and toxic compounds from manufacturing process: In Apeel\u2019s GRAS submission, the company discloses some of its industrial manufacturing process for its edible coating products. In order to manufacture the mono- and diglycerides which are the main ingredients of all Apeel products, there is toxic residue from ethyl acetate, heptane, palladium, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury which are used in the extraction process of grapeseed leaves. These toxic compounds and solvents have been linked to a host of various health conditions. [...] Now that we\u2019ve evaluated all the dangers and risks of consuming Edipeel, let\u2019s take a closer look at the organic produce solution Organipeel. Organipeel is Apeel\u2019s OMRI-listed product for organic produce. In 2023, the company finally disclosed the ingredients of this product. This product utilizes citric acid and sodium bicarbonate (e.g., baking soda) along with the same mono- and diglycerides used in Edipeel. The mono- and diglycerides in this formula are said to distribute the citric acid onto the surface of the produce. [...] Other Organipeel Concerns - Safety Concerns: Apeel Organipeel is registered as a pesticide with the EPA. Not only does the registration documentation fail to list the full ingredients of this product, but the EPA is also requiring a caution on the label that states: \"Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet.\" Yet this protective coating is supposedly designed to be eaten and is marketed as safe.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The polar bear population has been growing. Polar bears are thriving even where sea ice is diminishing.", "evidence": "This article in the opinion section of Financial Post, written by Susan Crockford, claims that rather than being threatened by declining Arctic sea ice, polar bears are \"thriving\". [...] Castro de la Guarida1 states, \"Sea ice across the Arctic is declining and altering physical characteristics of marine ecosystems. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) have been identified as vulnerable to changes in sea ice conditions. We use sea ice projections for the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 2006 \u2013 2100 to gain insight into the conservation challenges for polar bears with respect to habitat loss using metrics developed from polar bear energetics modeling. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Shifts away from multiyear ice to annual ice cover throughout the region, as well as lengthening ice-free periods, may become critical for polar bears before the end of the 21st century with projected warming. Each polar bear population in the Archipelago may undergo 2-5 months of ice-free conditions, where no such conditions exist presently. We identify spatially and temporally explicit ice-free periods that extend beyond what polar bears require for nutritional and reproductive demands. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Under business-as-usual climate projections, polar bears may face starvation and reproductive failure across the entire Archipelago by the year 2100.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The polar bear population has been growing. Polar bears are thriving even where sea ice is diminishing.", "evidence": "Incorrect: The claim that \"Polar bears are thriving even where sea ice is diminishing\" runs counter to scientists\u2019 understanding: sea ice loss due to climate change is recognized as the most important threat to the long-term survival of polar bears. [...] Overall, the claims that the polar bear population is growing and that polar bears are thriving in areas where sea ice diminishing are not supported by scientific evidence. [...] For the claim that \"Polar bears are thriving even where sea ice is diminishing\"\u2014again, this is spin. In Western Hudson Bay, Southern Hudson Bay, and Southern Beaufort Sea, population declines are associated with sea ice loss (lower survival, lower successful reproduction that lead to abundance declines). Some polar bear populations are doing OK and are experiencing some sea ice loss. We know, however, that that pattern cannot be sustained. The Barents Sea polar bears appear to be doing OK yet they are losing sea ice at high rates. Why are they doing OK and others are not? That area has a very large area of continental shelf/shallow water. Polar bear habitat is widespread. It is experiencing the highest rate of sea ice loss in days of cover per decade of the 19 polar bear populations. We\u2019ve just not hit the point where their habitat is affected enough to cause problems. It will happen. Regardless, this area has seen many changes (e.g. loss of maternity den areas, loss of habitat). I worked in the Barents Sea for 7 years\u2014this population will lose with the current trend in sea ice.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The models predicted about three times the amount of warming in the world we\u2019ve seen since [1988].", "evidence": "1988 turned out to be the hottest year since modern instrumental records began in the 19th century. That mark has since been broken, in 1990, 1998, 2010, 2014, 2015 and 2016. The global average temperature has not gone up quite as much as Hansen predicted\u2014among other things, 30 years ago scientists lacked the sophisticated instruments, accumulated data and vast computing power informing today\u2019s climate models\u2014but he was remarkably close given the limitations, and was dead right on the overall trend. A wide variety of media marked the anniversary. Justin Gillis, writing in The New York Times, noted that, among the confounding factors in 1988, Hansen\u2019s models assumed that we would continue emitting refrigerant gases that contributed mightily to global warming. The following year, the nations of the world agreed to control those gases\u2014\"proof that scientific warnings, if taken seriously, can be acted upon at a worldwide scale,\" said Gillis. \"So while his temperature forecast was not flawless, in a larger sense, Dr. Hansen\u2019s 1988 warning has turned out to be entirely on target,\" said Gillis Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.) recounted Hansen\u2019s testimony in a 17-minute speech on the Senate floor, noting that \"30 years of added science\" have proved just how right Hansen was.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The models predicted about three times the amount of warming in the world we\u2019ve seen since [1988].", "evidence": "\"The real message is that the warming we have experienced is pretty much exactly what climate models predicted it would be as much as 30 years ago,\" he said. \"This really gives us more confidence that today\u2019s models are getting things largely right as well.\" [...] Hausfather and his colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies evaluated the models based on how well they predicted the actual global mean temperature \u2014 Earth\u2019s average temperature \u2014 based on the levels of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels, are responsible for a rise of nearly 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit in global mean temperatures since 1880, two-thirds of that since 1975. [...] One of the iconic climate models, and one that first brought the issue of climate change to broad public attention, was published by James Hansen of NASA in 1988. However, his predictions for temperatures after 1988 were 50% higher than the actual global mean temperatures in those years.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Vitamins C and D are now finally being adopted in the conventional treatment of SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin C at extremely high doses acts as an antiviral drug, actually killing viruses; vitamin D helps the body fight SARS-CoV-2 infection and can cut infection risk.", "evidence": "For the past several decades, intravenous vitamin C has been used as a treatment for multiple types of viral infections.[92] Intravenous vitamin C's effectiveness as an antiviral treatment is likely due to its immune system-enhancing capabilities. In addition, some studies have observed that in critically ill patients such as those with viral infections, sepsis, or accidental injury, plasma levels of vitamin C might be less than 25 percent of those observed in healthy people.[93] [94] [95] [...] Vitamin C also interferes with the replication of viral particles. One in vitro study showed that human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells that were incubated for four days with 150 micrograms per milliliter of vitamin C decreased reverse transcriptase activity by 99 percent and p24 antigen levels by 13 percent (parameters of virus production) compared to untreated cells.[171] Another in vitro study demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of vitamin C to kill influenza viruses, with a vitamin C concentration of 2.5 millimoles per liter eliminating 90 percent of the virus present and a concentration of 20 millimoles per liter fully impeding viral replication.[107]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Vitamins C and D are now finally being adopted in the conventional treatment of SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin C at extremely high doses acts as an antiviral drug, actually killing viruses; vitamin D helps the body fight SARS-CoV-2 infection and can cut infection risk.", "evidence": "The claim: Vitamins C and D have been adopted as treatment for coronavirus [...] An April 7 article on the website of the Organic Consumers Association by Joseph Mercola headlined \"Vitamins C and D finally adopted as coronavirus treatment\" claims that \"vitamins C and D are now (finally) being adopted in the conventional treatment of novel coronavirus.\" [...] - Vitamins C and D finally adopted as coronavirus treatment - New York hospitals treating coronavirus patients with vitamin C - FDA warns doctor: Stop touting camera as disease screening tool - Dr. Mercola: Visionary or Quack?", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201c5G plays a part in this \u2018plandemic\u2019\u201d ... The cases of COVID-19 are \u201cdirectly related to electromagnetic radiation exposure by 5G\u201d", "evidence": "According to Hanna Linderstal, chief executive of the Swedish data company Earhart Business Protection Agency, which tracks online disinformation, the first video directly linking coronavirus to 5G appeared online in early January in the form of a lecture that discussed the influence of electromagnetic radiation on pandemics. \"It was really scary to look at,\" she said. \"You start thinking, should I move to the countryside?\" [...] In an effort to curb the effects of the conspiracy, authorities have been forced to step in to publicly discredit it. The World Health Organization this month denied any link between the spread of coronavirus and 5G, while the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection said that 5G signals posed no risk to human health. [...] Ms Linderstal argued that the strict lockdown was likely to be playing a part. \"People are really scared but they are also really engaged,\" she said. \"At a time of crisis, people want answers \u2014 and [5G] is a really simple answer.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201c5G plays a part in this \u2018plandemic\u2019\u201d ... The cases of COVID-19 are \u201cdirectly related to electromagnetic radiation exposure by 5G\u201d", "evidence": "There are at least two main conspiracy theories connecting 5G technologies with COVID-19 (Meese et al., 2020). One version posits that electromagnetic radiation from 5G lowers the immune system, thereby making the population more susceptible to the virus. This theory shares clear similarities with another conspiratorial claim that sustained exposure to electromagnetic fields causes cancer. However, the more prominent conspiracy theory argues that 5G directly causes COVID-19 via radiation and that the virus initiated in Wuhan, due to the city being the \"initial\" 5G test site. Although Wuhan was one of the first cities in China to receive 5G (Xinhua, 2019), it has not been confirmed to be the first either in China or globally. It is unclear exactly how these theories began and were so quickly propagated, but they are possibly descendants of previous conspiracies related to electromagnetic radiation and cell phones. [...] Meese, J., Frith, J., & Wilken, R. (2020). COVID-19, 5G conspiracies and infrastructural futures. Media International Australia,177(1), 30\u201346. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X20952165 [...] Xinhua. (2019, May 27). Hubei sets up over 300 5G base stations. XinhuaNet News. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-05/27/c_138094302.htm", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201c5G plays a part in this \u2018plandemic\u2019\u201d ... The cases of COVID-19 are \u201cdirectly related to electromagnetic radiation exposure by 5G\u201d", "evidence": "The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. There is no data demonstrating a causal link between 5G rollout in the world and the global COVID-19 pandemic. For example, 5G is not available in the hardest hit regions of France and Italy.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "CDC Admits 98 Million Americans Received Polio Vaccine In An 8-Year Span When It Was Contaminated With Cancer Virus", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: \"Did vaccines get rid of polio? The answer is NO!\"; \"Between 1955 - 1963 CDC admits 98 million Americans received the polio vaccine in an 8-year span when it was contaminated with the cancer-causing virus SV 40\"; \"The rise and fall of polio does actually correspond with the usage of DDT [...] Is it possible that many cases of polio were actually DDT poisoning? Is it possible that the decrease in DDT was a contributing factor in the decrease in polio cases?\" An Instagram post claims that vaccines did not get rid of polio and, \"between 1955\u20131963 [the] CDC admits 98 million Americans received the polio vaccine in an 8-year span when it was contaminated with the cancer-causing virus SV40.\" The post, which contains a video, was published on 2 December 2020, and received more than 35,000 views. The video also claims that \"The rise and fall of polio does actually correspond with the usage of DDT [a type of pesticide].\" Using the rhetorical technique of \"just asking questions,\" the video suggests that \"many cases of polio were actually DDT poisoning.\" [...] The claim that the vaccine once contained a cancer-causing virus is misleading and unsupported by scientific evidence. Health Feedback also addressed this claim in an earlier review. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention explained:", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "CDC Admits 98 Million Americans Received Polio Vaccine In An 8-Year Span When It Was Contaminated With Cancer Virus", "evidence": "On 25 October 2015, Viral Alternative News published an article titled \"CDC admits 98 million Americans were given a cancer causing virus via the polio shot,\" which followed on the heels of a September 2015 article from the web site Vaccines.News headlined \"CDC admits 98 million Americans were given cancer virus via the polio shot\" (credited to a reporter by the name of \"evilnews\"), the latter of which cited InvestmentWatch's August 2015 piece titled \"CDC Admits 98 Million Americans Received Polio Vaccine in an 8-Year Span When It Was Contaminated With Cancer Virus\": The CDC has quickly removed a page from their website, which WAS cached here (since removed by Google so you can view an image of the cache here), admitting that more than 98 million Americans received one or more doses of polio vaccine within an 8-year span from 1955-1963 when a proportion of the vaccine was contaminated with a cancer causing polyomavirus called SV40. It has been estimated that 10-30 million Americans could have received an SV40 contaminated dose of the vaccine. [...] Clearly 98 million Americans were not \"given [a] cancer virus via the polio shot,\" because not every single polio vaccination undertaken between the years of 1955 and 1963 involved vaccine contaminated with SV40: the CDC estimated that somewhere between 10 and 30 million Americans might have received SV40-contaminated vaccine during that period. Moreover, SV40 is not a \"cancer virus,\" and there is no definitive evidence that either SV40 itself or SV40-contaminated polio vaccine causes (or has caused) cancer.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "During the last hundred years the temperature is increased about 0.1\u00b0C because of carbon dioxide. The human contribution was about 0.01\u00b0C.", "evidence": "Warming related to human activities is estimated to be around 1\u00b0C over the past century. This document claims to overturn decades of scientific findings but provides neither the source of the data it uses nor the physics responsible for the proposed relationship between clouds and global temperature. [...] The unpublished paper by Kauppinen & Malmi is deeply flawed and the claims that (1) CO2 has caused only 0.1 degC of warming and that (2) only 10% (0.01 degC) of this warming is from human activity are both unsupported claims. [...] Finally, after using a bunch of nonsense calculations to say that 0.1 \u00b0C warming is from CO2, they say that 90% of the change in CO2 is caused by the oceans. This violates conservation of mass from basic chemistry13: the oceans are actually absorbing CO214,15 which, again, is the complete opposite of what Kaupinen and Malmi claim. Without claiming the opposite of reality, their conclusions cannot be supported.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "During the last hundred years the temperature is increased about 0.1\u00b0C because of carbon dioxide. The human contribution was about 0.01\u00b0C.", "evidence": "Warming related to human activities is estimated to be around 1\u00b0C over the past century. This document claims to overturn decades of scientific findings but provides neither the source of the data it uses nor the physics responsible for the proposed relationship between clouds and global temperature.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cCharcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons\u201d; charcoal can treat diarrhea and bloating", "evidence": "A Facebook reel posted in May 2024 claimed that \"charcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons\", drawing more than 1.3 million views to date. The claim was made by naturopath Barbara O\u2019Neill, who has promoted unsubstantiated and potentially harmful health claims. Science Feedback debunked some of O\u2019Neill\u2019s claims in earlier reviews. [...] O\u2019Neill\u2019s claim that charcoal can be used to treat diarrhea, even in infants, isn\u2019t substantiated by evidence. The U.S. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health states that \"No solid evidence supports claims that activated charcoal helps with [traveler\u2019s diarrhea], bloating, stomach cramps, or gas\". It also added that children shouldn\u2019t be given charcoal. However, O\u2019Neill\u2019s claim that \"charcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons\" is somewhat accurate, although it exaggerates the effectiveness of charcoal and lacks important nuance. In fact, misunderstandings over activated charcoal\u2019s effects have led it to be wrongly touted as a way to \"detox\". We explain more below.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines contain proteins from HIV; \u201cif you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government\u201d", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: COVID-19 vaccines contain proteins from HIV; \"if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government\"; \"Why was this kept from\u2026You??\" The claim that COVID-19 vaccines cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) because they contain proteins from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2014the virus responsible for AIDS\u2014circulated on social media in December 2023. This claim already appeared in October 2023, and an analysis from Reuters found it inaccurate. [...] The reel then cut to the question, \"Why was this kept from\u2026You??\" and to a statement by virologist Luc Montagnier saying \"if you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government\". Montagnier propagated disinformation against vaccines and COVID-19 on numerous occasions.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cBill Gates explains that the COVID vaccine will use experimental technology and permanently alter your DNA\u201d", "evidence": "A recent Facebook post links to an article titled, \"Bill Gates Explains That The COVID Vaccine Will Use Experimental Technology And Permanently Alter Your DNA.\" [...] A blog post shared on social media reads \"Bill Gates Explains That The COVID Vaccine Will Use Experimental Technology And Permanently Alter Your DNA.\" [...] Waking Times, Bill Gates Explains That The COVID Vaccine Will Use Experimental Technology And Permanently Alter Your DNA, May 15, 2020", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "An Aerial View of a High Way Built in Sri Lanka Misusing Public Funds !!", "evidence": "It is confirmed that the bridge shown in these social media posts is not a bridge built in Sri Lanka. Accordingly this bridge appears to be the Raiwind Flyover in Lahore, Panjab, Pakistan, which was constructed in 2017. At the same time, there has been a wide discussion about this and there are reports that the government has made this construction in such a complex shape according to certain conventions.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Former and Current Prez are using the same set of prez advisors !!", "evidence": "Same Advisory Panel For Former President Wickremesinghe & Current President Anura Kumara? [...] One such claim compares two images, one featuring former President Ranil Wickremesinghe and another featuring current President Anura Kumara Dissanayake, alongside individuals purported to be their shared advisors. The posts suggest that despite leadership changes, the same advisors continue to serve the president, implying no substantial difference in governance. [...] The social media posts suggesting that the same advisors serve both Ranil Wickremesinghe and Anura Kumara Dissanayake are misleading. The individuals appearing in the photos represent the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce and were involved in presenting the \"Vision 2030\" document to both leaders. They did not serve as permanent or official presidential advisors. The current president, Anura Kumara Dissanayake, has appointed only two advisors so far. One of them is the Mr Hulangamuwa, who is seen in both photographs as he was serving as the Chamber`s chairman.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Eating Fruits On An Empty Stomach Cures Cancer!", "evidence": "Eat Fruit On An Empty Stomach? [...] The notion that you should eat fruit only on an empty stomach is a persistent myth that has been circulating online for years. Supposedly, if you eat fruit along with other foods, you won\u2019t be able to digest it; instead, it will stay in your stomach and rot. This is nonsense. Fruit may digest more quickly if you eat it on an empty stomach, but it certainly won\u2019t rot if it is sharing space with other food. Rotting represents decomposition by microorganisms, few of which can live on the strongly acidic environment of the stomach. Related myths are that eating fruit along with other foods will cause gas, bloating, weight gain, gray hair, balding, nervous breakdowns and dark circles under the eyes. I\u2019ve seen claims that eating fruit on an empty stomach will prevent \u2013 or cure \u2013 cancer as well as detoxify your system and energize you. There is absolutely no scientific basis for any of this.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "America\u2019s Most Famous Burger , Owned By China !!", "evidence": "(KGTV) \u2014 An ad popping up online claims America's most famous burger brand is now owned by the Chinese. While the term \"most famous\" is subjective, McDonald's is the country's best-selling burger chain and it's headquartered in Chicago, not China. [...] By the way, clicking on the fake ads will take you to a long article that never mentions a U.S. burger brand being purchased by a company in China.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "America\u2019s Most Famous Burger , Owned By China !!", "evidence": "America\u2019s Most Famous Burger Does NOT Owned by China [...] Fact Crescendo has found that the articles attached to the above claim are misleading. China does not own America's most famous burger. McDonald's present headquarters are in Chicago, Illinois, and are managed by Chris Kempczinski. Title:America\u2019s Most Famous Burger Does NOT Owned by China", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ranil Wickremesinghe Says That No Election Will Be Held Until The End Of The IMF Program !", "evidence": "In this context, the president\u2019s recent statement that no elections will be held until the IMF programme is completed has caused speculation to grow regarding the presidential elections. An identical story in several newspapers states that President Ranil Wickremesinghe has informed Cabinet and the Election Commission that there is no chance of holding any election until the economic reforms programme that is being carried out with the International Monetary Fund is concluded. The President has said that the economic reform process done together with the IMF was crucial for the country to progress economically, and therefore, priority should be given to the IMF programme. The President has also said since the IMF programme is in effect until the end of July, no election will be held till such time. This will put to rest the hopes of those who want early parliamentary elections before the presidential election in the hope of cutting their losses in the event that their candidate does not win the presidential election. President Wickremesinghe has said that the presidential election will not be a hindrance to the IMF programme as the time for holding the presidential election comes constitutionally after the process of the IMF programme. According to the news reports the President has informed the Cabinet as well as the officials of the Election Commission to prepare for the presidential election first. This suggests that there will be no early parliamentary elections as lobbied for by a section within the government. The challenge will be to ensure the implementation of the IMF agreement before the presidential elections are called.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The Quality of HappyCow Cheese in SL Market is Lower Than Original Product!!", "evidence": "Happy Cow Cheese is a creamy cheese made of pasteurised cow`s milk. Various kinds of Happy Cow cream cheese are produced from fresh milk of the day, using gentle procedures; they are characterised by their smooth texture and fresh, mild and creamy taste. Happy Cow Cheese is manufactured by Woerle?s. The origins of Woerle`s gourmet cheesemaking traditions can be traced back to visionary cheesemaker Johann Baptist Woerle. Around 1870, he began a search to find the ideal conditions for Emmentaler cheese production. Based on the Purity Law of 1889, 125 years of cheese craftsmanship were set to begin as Johann Baptist Woerle established the first Emmentaler cheese enterprise. He knew that the key to making the best cheese was using the best milk, which only cows with a proper diet can produce. WOERLE cheese specialities are produced from valuable, GMO-free hay milk. [...] Owned by Woerle Happy Cow is a Worldwide famous brand that is well known for triangles and slices of processed cheese...", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The Quality of HappyCow Cheese in SL Market is Lower Than Original Product!!", "evidence": "Based on the investigation, the decision to put the \u201cSale in Sri Lanka is Prohibited\u201d sticker was taken a few years ago to safeguard the consumers after noticing a trend of passengers coming via Dubai bringing bulk packs of \u2018Happy Cow\u2019 products and releasing them to local vendors.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ten-Foot-Tall Giant Skull Found In Pahiyangala Cave, Sri Lanka !", "evidence": "Based on the lack of credible sources, official denials from relevant authorities, inconsistencies in attributions, and misuse of images, it is evident that the claims of a 10-foot-tall giant skull found in Pahiyangala Cave are unsubstantiated and fabricated.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ten-Foot-Tall Giant Skull Found In Pahiyangala Cave, Sri Lanka !", "evidence": "Pahiyangala Cave is located inthe Kalutara district and is one of the best archaeological sites in the area. According to archaeologists, this cave dates back more than 30,000 years, making it one of the oldest archaeological sites in Sri Lanka. Perched 400 feet above sea level, the Fa-Hsien Cave stands 175 feet tall and spans over 200 feet in length. Legend has it that the cave could once accommodate up to 3000 people, but its natural tunnels are now blocked off and inaccessible. The cave has been divided into four sections, with the largest on the left side at its centre. According to carbon dating, an excavation by the Archaeological Department revealed a deep pit containing five human skulls dating back to 37,000 years old. Along with the skulls, stone and animal bone weapons were uncovered, believed to have been used for hunting monkeys, deer, porcupines, and other creatures. The inhabitants of the cave also consumed the acavus snail and wild breadfruit. [...] Kalutara is a city filled with beauty and spirituality, offering a wide range of activities for visitors of all ages. From Richmond Castle to Thudugala Ella waterfall and Pahiyangala Cave to CALIDO Beach, there are plenty of attractions to explore. Religious sites, such as the Asokaramaya Buddhist Temple and KandeViharaya Temple, offer visitors the chance to explore Sri Lanka\u2019s rich spiritual heritage. Makeli Ella Falls and Batamullakanda Buddha Statue promise excitement for those seeking adventure. Whatever your idea of a perfect holiday may be, Kalutara has something for everyone.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Climate Change Is A Scam !!", "evidence": "Trump sparks controversy for calling climate change a \u2018scam\u2019 as Hurricane Helene leaves trail of destruction [...] Donald Trump has sparked controversy for declaring that climate change is \"one of the great scams\" after Hurricane Helene left a trail of destruction, killing more than 100 people, across the southeast US. [...] Despite claiming that climate change is a \"scam\", Trump is planning to make a campaign stop in Georgia on Monday, one of the states hardest-hit by Hurricane Helene.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Climate Change Is A Scam !!", "evidence": "An April 15, 2023, tweet by Republican U.S. Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene said climate change was a \"scam\", that \"fossil fuels are natural and amazing\", and that \"there are some very powerful people that are getting rich beyond their wildest dreams convincing many that carbon is the enemy\".[223] Her tweet included a chart that omitted carbon dioxide and methane[223]\u2014the two most dominant greenhouse gas emissions.[224] [...] - ^ a b Al Webb (6 March 2007). \"Global warming labeled a 'scam'\". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 8 March 2007. [...] - ^ a b Greene, Marjorie Taylor [@RepMTG] (15 April 2023). \"Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf8\" (Tweet). Hapeville, GA. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023 \u2013 via Twitter. described in Al-Arshani, Sarah (16 April 2023). \"Marjorie Taylor Greene says climate change is a 'scam' and that fossil fuels are 'amazing'\". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Climate Change Is A Scam !!", "evidence": "The claims made in the viral social media video are misleading and incomplete. While the discussion in the video attempts to discredit the reality of climate change by citing irrelevant data and presenting incomplete arguments, a comprehensive review of scientific literature and evidence strongly supports the reality of anthropogenic climate change.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Buddhist Monk of Mahameunawa Was Attacked By Villagers For Womenizing !!", "evidence": "Buddhist Monk Attacked By Villagers for Womenizing Does Not Belong to Mahameunawa Monastery Network! [...] Social media posts allege that a Buddhist monk belonging to the Mahameunawa monastery network was attacked by villagers for breaching monastic codes, specifically for womanising at night. The incident supposedly occurred on the roads of Baduraliya, with the monk being hospitalised by the Baduraliya Police. [...] Title:Buddhist Monk Attacked By Villagers for Womenizing Does Not Belong to Mahameunawa Monastery Network!", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Future government led by the Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB) would close down all liquor shops-Sajith", "evidence": "The Main Opposition: Samagi Jana Balawegaya The country\u2019s main opposition party, the Samagi Jana Balavegaya (SJB), performed modestly at general elections in 2020, gaining 23.92 percent of the vote. Its leader, Sajith Premadasa, once an ally of Wickremesinghe, has become a fierce critic of his government. [...] Complicating matters further, the party has invited to its fold several individuals who were associated with the previous Gotabaya Rajapaksa government and his Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) party. These include ex-military officials. The SJB itself is chaired by a former Army commander, Sarath Fonseka. The inclusion of ex-SLPP stalwarts has driven a wedge between Fonseka and Sajith Premadasa, to a point where Fonseka is now touting himself as a presidential candidate in his own right.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Future government led by the Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB) would close down all liquor shops-Sajith", "evidence": "The voting pattern laid bare the first crack within the Samagi Jana Balavegaya (SJB) led by Sajith Premadasa. He was outraged by Anuradhapura parliamentarian Ishak Rahman, who came first in the Anuradhapura district, at the August parliamentary elections. \"Ombawa mama Anuradhapurata avilla dana gassanawa or I will come to Anuradhapura and make you kneel,\" he warned angrily. He charged that he had crossed the red line. Rahman hit back by saying \"I am not a member of your party. You did not even help me when I was contesting.\" [...] SJB General Secretary Ranjit Madduma Bandara issued a statement after a meeting chaired by Premadasa on Friday. It said, \"The MPs of the Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB) held a special meeting on October 23, 2020. The meeting was held at Committee room 02 in Parliament. In the meeting following decisions were taken. The Samgi Jana Balavegaya Parliamentary MPs unanimously decided to vote against the 20th Amendment. This decision was taken according to three line whip notice (unchangeable decision) therefore at the meeting the SJB parliamentary group decided to take special disciplinary action against the MPs who acted against the decision taken by the parliamentary group by voting in favour of the 20th Amendment.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Janitha Perera has become the Miss Australia for Miss Universe 2022", "evidence": "According to our investigation, it's clear that Janitha Perera has not become Miss Universe Australia -2022 so far. She was only selected to contest for Miss Universe Australia -2022 national finals which would be held September 2022. Like Janitha many other contestants were also selected from other Australian states, all of whom will be vying for the top spot in grand finals in September 2022.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Houses being burnt due to election violence !!", "evidence": "Outbreaks of violence following Kenya's disputed general election in December, 2007, left many houses burnt. [...] The violence following the Kenyan election on December 27 has shocked many. The country is still reeling from outbursts that have seen houses being burnt and looted, thousands of people displaced and over 600 deaths.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Modern Graduation Gown Evaluated From Traditional \"Abaya\" Dress of Muslim Women!!", "evidence": "The contribution of medieval Arab universities to the evolution of the graduation gown is indeed significant. The oldest continually operating educational institution, the University of al-Qarawiyyin, and scholars like Ibn Rushd exemplify the rich intellectual heritage that influenced European academic traditions.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "If no one shakes the jar with different species of ants, there is no conflict between ants !", "evidence": "A statement attributed to David Attenborough suggests that if 100 black ants and 100 red ants are put in a jar and shaken, they will start killing each other. The statement likens it to societal conflict, where the real enemy is the one who shakes the jar. It further states that if no one shakes the jar, there is no conflict between ants. [...] Expert Opinion: Entomologists, such as Associate Professor Lori Lach from James Cook University and Professor Philip S. Ward from the University of California Davis, refuted the scenario described in the statement. They explain to AFP that regardless of whether a jar containing ants is shaken or not, ants of different species tend to behave aggressively towards each other due to differences in smell. The related AFP article can be read here. Ant Behavior: Ant behavior is not solely determined by external factors like shaking a jar. Even if the jar is not disturbed, ants of different species are likely to exhibit aggressive behavior towards each other due to their natural instincts, driven by differences in odor and territorial behavior. More details can be read from here and here", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Hyderabad Police Issued A Warning Against Soft Drinks Containing The Ebola Virus!", "evidence": "Hyderabad Police did not issue warning against soft drinks containing Ebola virus. [...] Time and again social media users have revived old claims and circulated then online. This time again, a message claiming to be purportedly written by the National Health of India and Hyderabad Police who warn people to not consume soft drinks such as Maaza, Coca Cola, Thumbs Up, 7-Up, Pepsi, Sprite etc has a company employee has mixed contaminated blood containing the Ebola virus in these drinks. The message further states that this news was reported by NDTV recently. [...] Title:Hyderabad Police did not issue warning against soft drinks containing Ebola virus", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "SJB and JVP to make an interim government under the premiership of Karu Jayasuriya", "evidence": "In a series of public rallies and speeches last week, both the JVP and the SJB have been issuing ultimatums, calling upon the Ranil-Rajapaksa government to step down and hand over the government to their respective alliances in parliament. Neither ultimatum is a response to Ranil Wickremesinghe\u2019s hint at being full-term PM, i.e., continuing as PM for the remainder of the term of the current parliament. Rather, the JVP and the SJB seem convinced that nothing much is going to change under Ranil Wickremesinghe, and now is their time to step in and lead an interim government. Neither party has the numbers to do anything in parliament. The JVP has three and the SJB 54, but their unstated logic might be that if Ranil Wickremesinghe could become Prime Minister leading only himself as a nominated MP, why not they? Their stronger argument is the failure of the current interim Prime Minister to show even some results or changes on the ground.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "SJB and JVP to make an interim government under the premiership of Karu Jayasuriya", "evidence": "In this regard many are giving their own views and interpretations on formation of an interim government. We notice a viral claim, which stated that the SJB and JVP have agreed to build a new political coalition for an interim government under the premiership of former speaker Karu Jayasuriya. Here are our findings in this regard. [...] First, we checked about media reports what claim that Karu Jayasuriya going to become a prime minister under the support of both SJB and JVP as a result of discussions made at Presidents House. However, we were not able to find any such report in mainstream media. But there were some media reports about a possible appointment of Karu Jayasuriya as a prime minister of an interim government. Such report can be reached from here. Archived. We contacted both SJB and JVP media units over this claim and they strictly refused this social media claim and stressed that there were no such meeting in Presidents House involving both parties as social media reports claim and rejected the views that they going to bring coalition interim government with the premiership of former speaker of the parliament Karu Jayasuriya.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "An anthem with 99 names of Allah, created by NewZeland government !!", "evidence": "The post's Indonesian-language caption translates to English as: \"The first time in World History. Musicians and Singers from the Followers of Islam, Christianity, Judaism and Buddhism came together to New Zealand reciting ASMAUL HUSNA (99 Names of ALLAH) in Arabic specifically to face the Covid 19 outbreak. Too much wisdom during the current covid 19 outbreak. WATCH IT until the end Guys.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "WhatsApp Will NOT Record Your Calls; Devices Will NOT Be Monitored By The Government", "evidence": "Government 'avoiding accountability' in WhatsApp messages - Published [...] \u2018Rampant cronyism\u2019 \"A government of WhatsApp and Signal is undemocratic and unlawful,\" said Kerry Shaw, of The Citizens. [...] Last month, the group sent legal letters to the government, asking for clarification on these issues.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Indian Rupee Has Become The World`S Fourth Most Recognized Currency", "evidence": "\"The recent gravitation of more countries, including the likes of Tajikistan, Cuba, Luxembourg and Sudan towards the Indian rupee settlement mechanism has been very encouraging. The increasing participation of these countries strengthens the hold of rupee as a currency in the international Forex market,\" said - Nikhil Varma, Managing Partner, MVAC. [...] Experts believe rupee becoming an international currency would likely reduce India's trade deficit and the rupee will be strengthened in the global market A currency is generally termed 'international' if it is widely accepted across the world as a medium of exchange for trade. [...] It is widely believed if the mechanism fructifies then it may go a long way in internationalizing the Indian currency rupee in the long run.SBI Research, in a report in early July, said, an interesting development is taking place in the global currency market as there has been a significant jump in trade in oil and other commodities in currencies such as the Renminbi, Hong Kong Dollar, and Arab Emirates Dirham.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Indian Rupee Has Become The World`S Fourth Most Recognized Currency", "evidence": "In recent years, India\u2019s rupee has emerged as a rising star in the international currency arena, showcasing remarkable resilience and steady growth. Long considered a local currency with limited global influence, the Indian rupee has shattered expectations and is now making waves on the global stage. Its transformation from a regional denomination to a sought-after currency in international transactions and investments is a testament to India\u2019s economic prowess and growing significance in the world economy. [...] The rupee\u2019s ascent has also been noteworthy in Asia, with regional economies recognizing the potential benefits of conducting trade in Indian rupees. Nations like the United Arab Emirates and Singapore have already embraced the rupee as a reliable currency for bilateral trade, further enhancing India\u2019s presence in the region. Additionally, India\u2019s strategic location and its status as an emerging economic powerhouse have prompted many Asian countries to consider the rupee as an alternative to traditional currencies in their trade transactions. [...] India\u2019s rupee has undoubtedly come a long way from its humble beginnings as a local currency. Today, it stands tall as a symbol of India\u2019s economic resilience and growing importance in the global economy. As the nation continues to pursue ambitious economic reforms and strengthens its position in international trade and investments, the rupee\u2019s influence will only continue to rise. With prudent policies and strategic alliances, the rupee is poised to shape the future of global currency dynamics, offering a beacon of hope and opportunity for India and the world.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The Woman Accompanying Dhanushka To Court Is His Lawyer!", "evidence": "On Wednesday, a new Sydney-based law firm was retained by Sri Lanka Cricket on behalf of multimillionaire Danushka \u2014 who, as the Police Fact Sheet also revealed, earns US$8000 or approx. Rs. 3m a month and spends US$4000 or approx. Rs. 1.5m a month \u2013 to represent him, replacing the Lankan-born lawyer. The firm issued a statement declaring: \u2018Danushka Gunathilaka maintains his innocence.\u2019The presumption of innocence will, of course, be a matter for prosecutors in an Australian Court to rebut beyond a reasonable doubt to the satisfaction of an Australian judge and jury when the case comes up for trial sometime next year. It\u2019s best to let the matter rest in a Sydney courtroom and let justice take its course. [...] On November 8, the Sri Lankan Cricket Board announced that it will be paying for Danushka\u2019s legal defence in Australia. They said; \u2018He was with the team in an official capacity, so we felt we should pay the legal fees.\u2019 [...] On Thursday, Sports Minister Ranasinghe publicly apologised to the Australian people for the incident but said \u2018since Danushka is a Sri Lankan citizen and a player, we have a responsibility to pay for his legal defence\u2019. Does this mean that any Lankan citizen abroad accused of a heinous crime will be afforded a top legal defence paid for by public money?", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Benjamin Netanyahu Was Named \u2018Killer Of The Year\u2019 By TIME Magazine!", "evidence": "Benjamin Netanyahu, Israel's defiant leader - Published Benjamin Netanyahu is facing one of the biggest crises of his long political life, amid uproar over his government's attempts to change the way the country's judicial system works. [...] Benjamin Netanyahu was born in Tel Aviv in 1949. In 1963, his family moved to the US when his father Benzion, a prominent historian and Zionist activist, was offered an academic post.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Benjamin Netanyahu Was Named \u2018Killer Of The Year\u2019 By TIME Magazine!", "evidence": "Time puts Netanyahu on the cover, says he \u2018tests the limits of power\u2019 [...] Time magazine has once again put Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on its cover for its upcoming July 22 edition. [...] The article is less flattering than the last time Netanyahu was on Time\u2019s cover, in a mostly sympathetic 2012 interview that branded him \"King Bibi.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "McLarens Is The Local Representative Of Sinopec Fuel Operations In Sri Lanka!", "evidence": "Viral posts on cyberspace stated that Minister Kanchana Wijesekera would marry the daughter of the McLaren Group\u2019s owner, and because of this arrangement, the McLarens Group had been chosen as the local representative of Chinese oil company Sinopec, one of the three companies which were selected for fuel sale and distribution in Sri Lanka. [...] Commenting on this statement, Mr Chaminda Wijesiri, the Badulla District Councilor of the Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB), states that if Minister Kanchana gets engaged to the daughter of the owner of McLarens, who would be the local representative of Sinopec, then there would also be a case of conflict of interest for the minister. [...] McLarens has no connection with Sinopec for oil distribution in Sri Lanka. The local representative of Sinopec Company in Sri Lanka is Sinopec Oil Lanka Private Limited, located in Hambantota.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Clip Of Students Watching The Hardship Of Their Parents !!", "evidence": "Gerrard, E., & Roberts, R. (2006). Student parents, hardship and debt: A qualitative study. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 30, 393\u2013403. doi:10.1080/03098770600965409", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Clip Of Students Watching The Hardship Of Their Parents !!", "evidence": "The video claiming the Japanese students watch their parents\u2019 hardship in class was edited. According to the sources we found, the students in the clip are Chinese, not Japanese. And the original videos and pictures do not connect with watching the parents/adults\u2019 hardship.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A Tweet Attributed To Indian External Affairs Minister On India\u2019s Willingness To Proclaim Sri Lanka As A State Of India!", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did India\u2019s Foreign Minister Offer To Make Sri Lanka \u2018A State Of India\u2019? An image shared on Facebook allegedly shows a tweet from Indian External Affairs Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar offering to make Sri Lanka a part of India. [...] \"If the people of Sri Lanka are agreeable, India is willing to proclaim that Sri Lanka becomes a State of India,\" the purported tweet reads. \"As a result, India will be able to solve the gas, fuel, milk food, fertilizer and many other essential goods problems that the country is facing.\" The tweet also promised the country would \"look after all the future issues\" of the country, calling the offer a \"hand of survival.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Cadavar Collecting Machines Developed By China !!", "evidence": "According to our investigation, we found out that the viral video does not depict cadaver-collecting machines in China. Those are the Japanese machines, which were developed to help the relief workers rescue the victims of natural disasters, etc., at the difficult moments when it's risky for them to attend physically.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Male Population Was Less Than Half Of Female Population According To 2019 UN Report? Here\u2019s The Truth\u2026", "evidence": "Over the past 22 years, there were constantly more men than women living on the planet. Of the 7.95 billion people living on the Earth in 2022, four billion were men and 3.95 billion were women. One fourth of the world's total population in 2022 were below 15 years. [...] World Bank, Global population from 2000 to 2022, by gender (in billions) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1328107/global-population-gender/ (last visited October 08, 2024) Global population from 2000 to 2022, by gender (in billions) [Graph], World Bank, September 19, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1328107/global-population-gender/", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Cardinal Stepping Down As Archbishop Of Colombo!!", "evidence": "His Eminence Malcolm Cardinal Ranjith, the Archbishop of Colombo, has demanded that President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and the Government step down immediately. The Rajapaksa family\u2019s continued hold on power, despite the fact that the majority of the population doesn\u2019t trust them in any way, is the biggest barrier to the country\u2019s liberation, he said in a statement. While speaking to the media today, the Archbishop demanded that the Rajapaksas in power quit immediately.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Cardinal Stepping Down As Archbishop Of Colombo!!", "evidence": "His Grace the Archbishop Oswald Gomis Archbishop Emeritus of Colombo was called to eternal rest on the 3rd of February... [\u2026] [...] The body of His Grace the Archbishop Oswald Gomis Archbishop Emeritus of Colombo was brought today (3rd) morning to the... [\u2026] [...] Archbishop of Colombo Malcolm Cardinal Ranjith yesterday addressed the media at the archbishop\u2019s house on the current unrest prevailing in... [\u2026]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "The Short Film \u201cSorry\u201d Won An Oscar For The Best Short Film!", "evidence": "A social media post accompanied by a video claims that it is a short film titled \u2013 Sorry, which allegedly won an Oscar award. Let\u2019s check the accuracy of this claim through this article. Claim: A short film titled \u2018Sorry\u2019 won an Oscar award. [...] To find out whether the short film \u2018Sorry\u2019 won an academy award, we checked the official academy awards database available on the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences\u2019 website. But, \u2018Sorry\u2019 is not listed as a winner or nominee.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "An illuminated swirl over the skies of Iceland!!Alien Invasion?", "evidence": "Contrary to claims suggesting alien involvement, the illuminated swirl seen over Iceland was a natural phenomenon caused by the death throes of a SpaceX rocket. This occurrence is not unprecedented and is known as a \"SpaceX spiral,\" which is expected to become more common with the increasing frequency of Space X satellite launches. Therefore, there is no evidence to support the claim of alien invasion or extraterrestrial activity related to this event.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ravi and Kiriella left the country !!", "evidence": "The claims that former minister Ravi Karunanayake and SJB MP Lakshman Kiriella have left Sri Lanka are baseless. Both Lakshman Kiriella's personal statement and confirmation from Ravi Karunanayake's media secretary show that these politicians are still in the country.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "consuming cold drinks after eating mangoes can be fatal !!", "evidence": "The viral posts claiming that consuming cold drinks after eating mangoes can be deadly are unfounded and lack scientific evidence. Experts have clarified that while mixing these might cause minor digestive discomfort for some people, it is not lethal. This misinformation appears to have spread internationally without any credible backing.No evidence to prove such an incident really occurred in Chandinagar in India.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "consuming cold drinks after eating mangoes can be fatal !!", "evidence": "There is no scientific evidence which states that consumption of cold drink just after eating mangoes leads to death. Old fake news has resurfaced again. A newspaper clip is viral on social media platforms and WhatsApp. It claims that consumption of cold drink just after mangoes leads to death. The purported newspaper report alleges that a few people who were visiting Chandigarh consumed cold drink just after eating mangoes, which led to their immediate unconsciousness. They were rushed to a hospital, where the group was declared dead. The report also claims that the hospital doctors asserted not to consume this combination as the mango's citric acid and cold drink's carbonic acid makes a deadly reaction in one's stomach. [...] No, the claim that consumption of cold drink just after mangoes leads to death is absurd. It is evident from the above facts that posts with similar claims related to mangoes keep emerging during the summer season for the last five years.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "University Of Peradeniya Offers Dozens of Free Online Courses !!", "evidence": "Centre for Distance and Continuing Education - CDCE - University of Peradeniya Courses [...] CDCE, University of Peradeniya will entertain applications from candidates who have met minimum eligibility criteria for register for the Certificate Course in Basic Tamil. [...] The Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) online Degree programme is delivered by Centre for Distance and Continuing Education (CDCE), University of Peradeniya and conducted in collaboration with the department of Management Studies of the Faculty of Arts, University of Peradeniya.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Not Sonam Kapoor\u2019s Performance At King Charles\u2019 Coronation !", "evidence": "No, This not Sonam Kapoor's performance at King Charles' coronation [...] The caption states \"Sonam Kapoor \"performing\" at the Coronation Ceremony of King Charles This is how we take revenge on Brits\" #KingCharlesIII #KingCharlesIIICoronation #Coronation [...] Title:No, This not Sonam Kapoor's performance at King Charles' coronation", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sajith Forward -Anura Backward !(Presidential Election Survey by Mass Media News)", "evidence": "In conclusion, the claim circulating on social media regarding survey results for the Sri Lankan presidential election lacks credibility and should be treated with skepticism. The absence of transparency regarding methodology, the questionable source, and the failure to corroborate the findings with reputable media outlets or survey organisations raise significant doubts about the accuracy of the information presented. It is advisable for individuals to refrain from sharing or endorsing such claims until reliable and transparent sources verify them.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\"An Important Police Message That Everyone Should Read\" - Released by Sri Lanka Police", "evidence": "Sri Lanka Police (Sinhala: \u0dc1\u0dca\u0dbb\u0dd3 \u0dbd\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dcf \u0db4\u0ddc\u0dbd\u0dd3\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dba, romanized: \u015ar\u012b La\u1e41k\u0101 Pol\u012bsiya; Tamil: \u0b87\u0bb2\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bcd, romanized: Ila\u1e45kai K\u0101val) is the civilian national police force of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. The police force is responsible for enforcing criminal and traffic law, enhancing public safety, maintaining order and keeping the peace throughout Sri Lanka. The police force consists of 43 Territorial Divisions, 67 Functional Divisions, 432 Police Stations with more than 84,000 people.[2] The professional head of the police is the Inspector General of Police who reports to the Minister of Law and Order as well as the National Police Commission. The last Inspector General of Police was Deshabandu Tennakoon.[3] [...] Organisation [edit]The Sri Lanka Police is headed by the Inspector General of Police, who has, in theory, autonomy to commanding the service from the Police Headquarters in Colombo, and support by the Police Field Force Headquarters. However, in the recent past the Police Service has come under the purview of the Ministry of Defence (MoD), with the exception of several years when it came under the Ministry of Internal Affairs but was transferred to the MoD. In the last few years there have been calls to reestablish the independent National Police Commission[7] to oversee transfers and promotions, thereby making the service autonomous and free from any influence. [...] - ^ \"Sri Lanka Police Service\". Archived from the original on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2011.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Footage Of An Adult Film Mistakenly Being Aired On TV Screen At Asiri Hospital !", "evidence": "TV station accidentally airs porn clip during weather report [...] A TV station accidentally aired a short porn clip during a weather report \u2013 but the presenter appeared completely unaware of the X-rated blunder. [...] It\u2019s alleged the station aired a \"sexually explicit clip of an adult film website\" during the 6pm news report in July 2012.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Fans Throwing Eggs At The Brazil Team After Their Elimination At FIFA World Cup?", "evidence": "Several Indian news websites, earlier in the week, published a video showing protesters hurl eggs and stones at a bus in Brazil and claimed that they were angry Brazilian fans reacting to the national team\u2019s exit from the FIFA World Cup in Russia. [...] Brazilian Team Met Applauding Fans On Their Homecoming The reception meted out to five-time champions Brazil after their 2-1 loss to Belgium in Kazan, Russia was not as bad as the video made it seem. In fact the squad were applauded by fans greeting their arrival at Rio de Janeiro\u2019s international airport, Reuters reported.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Vokzvagon factory launched in Kuliyapitiya !!", "evidence": "You Searched For \"Vokzvagon\" Volkswagen Factory Recently Inaugurated in Kuliyapitiya? Find out the facts\u2026", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Vokzvagon factory launched in Kuliyapitiya !!", "evidence": "Volkswagen vehicle assembly plant launched in Kuliyapitiya The ground breaking ceremony of the vehicle assembly plant of the German auto maker Volkswagen was held in Kuliyapitiya yesterday under the patronage of President Maithripala Sirisena and Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe. Volkswagen is the second largest car maker in the world. The company will initially assemble vehicles in the 1000cc to 2000cc category and these vehicles will be diesel powered and include passenger cars, Sport Utility Vehicles (SUV), Multi Utility Vehicles (MUV) or commercial vehicles.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Putin Did Kneel Before Xi Jinping", "evidence": "Fake Photo: Putin Did NOT Kneel Before Xi Jinping [...] The picture of Putin kneeling before Xi Jinping is fake. The image appears to have been generated by AI, and there are several inconsistencies when compared to actual photos and videos from verified sources, including differences in costumes and settings. Title:Fake Photo: Putin Did NOT Kneel Before Xi Jinping", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Putin Did Kneel Before Xi Jinping", "evidence": "Fact check: No, Putin did not kneel before Xi Jinping | ABS-CBN News Fact check: No, Putin did not kneel before Xi Jinping", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Putin Did Kneel Before Xi Jinping", "evidence": "The picture of Putin kneeling before Xi Jinping is fake. The image appears to have been generated by AI, and there are several inconsistencies when compared to actual photos and videos from verified sources, including differences in costumes and settings.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "France Has Announced An Internet Shut Down Amid The Violence In Paris !!", "evidence": "A press release, purportedly issued by France's Ministry of the Interior discussing the ongoing protests in the country's capital city of Paris, has gone viral on social media. [...] How did we find out?: We looked for official communication regarding internet shutdowns in France on the French government's websites, but did not come across any such releases. [...] Conclusion: The French government has not imposed complete or partial internet shutdowns in France amid the violence in Paris.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "General Shavendra Silva and his wife travelled on a private jet, spending public money during a time of economic crisis in Sri Lanka !!", "evidence": "While the social media posts correctly identified General Shavendra Silva's travel on a special jet, the claim of misuse of public funds for this trip is misleading. The travel was facilitated by the Indian Air Force for General Silva to attend the passing out ceremony of the Indian Military Academy as the chief guest.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "General Shavendra Silva and his wife travelled on a private jet, spending public money during a time of economic crisis in Sri Lanka !!", "evidence": "Govt of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa continued efforts to reverse previous govt\u2019s modest efforts to investigate past abuses and strengthen independence of police, judiciary and oversight commissions. In media interview PM Mahinda Rajapaksa 9 Feb reiterated plans to strengthen presidential powers by removing 19th amendment of constitution. FM Dinesh Gunawardena 26 Feb informed UN Human Rights Council govt was withdrawing its co-sponsorship of Oct 2015 council resolution on \"Reconciliation and Accountability in Sri Lanka\", stated resolution had not received cabinet or parliamentary approval and certain clauses contravened Sri Lankan constitution; promised govt would establish \"an inclusive, domestically designed and executed reconciliation and accountability process\". U.S. Sec State Pompeo 14 Feb announced travel ban on Army Commander Lt Gen Shavendra Silva and his immediate family for his alleged role in \"gross violations of human rights\" during final phases of civil war; Foreign Ministry 16 Feb rejected allegations during meeting with U.S. Ambassador. Police 4 Feb arrested former Sri Lankan Airlines Chief Executive Officer Kapila Chandrasena and his wife following new evidence of alleged bribes by Airbus to Sri Lankan Airlines officials under previous Rajapaksa govt; evidence emerged from British court proceedings following 4-year investigation into allegations of bribery and corruption.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Heartwarming Story Of The Hospitalized Patient And His Feathered Friend !!", "evidence": "The viral post claiming that a patient used to feed a bird every day in the hospital is misleading. The picture was sourced from a stock-photo website. It was not taken by a nurse but rather by the son of a patient in an adjacent bed ten years ago in 2013 at a hospital in Greece.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sounds Coming From The Universe, Captured by NASA!!", "evidence": "On February 18, 2021, NASA\u2019s Mars Perseverance rover completed its 300 million mile journey and landed safely on the Red Planet. Here\u2019s what it heard. This special episode of NASA\u2019s Curious Universe features the first-ever raw recorded sounds from Mars. Jim Green, David Gruel, and Erisa Stilley take you through landing day and explain what you\u2019re hearing. [...] HOST PADI BOYD: Hi Curious Universe listeners. Before we get into the episode, we have a quick note for you. On Feb. 18, 2021, NASA\u2019s Perseverance rover landed safely on Mars and recorded sounds from the Red Planet for the very first time. [...] HOST PADI BOYD: Sounds captured by the EDL microphone were played in this podcast episode. Want to hear the full sounds? Visitsoundcloud.com/nasa, or check outmars.nasa.gov.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Sounds Coming From The Universe, Captured by NASA!!", "evidence": "In summary, the audio in the video attributed to the \"Pillars of Creation\" Nebula is not the actual sound of the universe but rather a product of data sonification that translates electromagnetic signals into sound waves. NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and other space-based telescopes employ this technique to provide an alternative means of understanding and appreciating the cosmos. While the audio is not natural in the traditional sense, it offers a unique perspective on the wonders of our universe.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sounds Coming From The Universe, Captured by NASA!!", "evidence": "NASA\u2019s Voyager 1 spacecraft captured these sounds of interstellar space. Voyager 1\u2019s plasma wave instrument detected the vibrations of dense interstellar plasma, or ionized gas, from October to November 2012 and April to May 2013. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech [...] These crashing waves reveal clues about the density of the interstellar medium \u2013 a value that affects our understanding of the shape of our heliosphere, how stars form, and even our own location in the galaxy. As these waves reverberate through space, they vibrate the electrons around them, which ring out at characteristic frequencies depending on how crammed together they are. The higher the pitch of that ringing, the higher the electron density. Voyager 1\u2019s Plasma Wave Subsystem \u2013 which includes two \"bunny ear\" antennas sticking out 30 feet (10 meters) behind the spacecraft \u2013 was designed to hear that ringing. In November 2012, three months after exiting the heliosphere, Voyager 1 heard interstellar sounds for the first time (see video above). Six months later, another \"whistle\" appeared \u2013 this time louder and even higher pitched. The interstellar medium appeared to be getting thicker, and quickly.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "WEF Orders Global Water Rationing System !!", "evidence": "The claim: The World Economic Forum ordered governments to start rationing water [...] There is no evidence the WEF ordered governments around the world to ration water sent to people's homes, nor that it declared water is not a human right. The article was published by a website that regularly publishes fabricated stories. No evidence the WEF ordered global water rationing", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "No matter who comes to power, we will not let them govern - Tharindu Uduvaragedare", "evidence": "A part of a speech by the journalist Tharindu Uduvaragedare went viral among netizens. In it, he claimed that no matter which party gets power, he will not allow the party to rule the country. In this video, Tharindu Uduvaragedare purportedly states, \"They need to be stopped. No matter who comes to power, we will not let you do this. We would take over. We will be taking power in the next ten years. We would put a stop to this. Wasantha is in politics, Bope is in politics, Shastika is in politics, we are in politics. We would be firing within the next 10 years. We would put a stop to you all.\" [...] The edited version tries to imply that Tharindu Uduvaragedare stated that whoever comes to power will not be allowed to govern. However, when examining the entire video, it is clear that Tharindu has not mentioned such a statement.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "List of Israeli Products to Boycott!!", "evidence": "TALLAHASSEE, Fla. \u2013 Yesterday, the Executive Director & Chief Investment Officer of the Florida State Board of Administration (SBA), Ash Williams, notified Governor DeSantis that Ben & Jerry\u2019s parent company Unilever has been added to Florida\u2019s List of Scrutinized Companies that Boycott Israel. On July 22nd, Governor DeSantis sent a letter to Mr. Williams requesting that the SBA initiate the process of placing Ben & Jerry\u2019s and its parent company Unilever on the list following the company\u2019s announcement that it would remove its products and prohibit the sale of its ice cream in Judea and Samaria. If a company does not cease its boycott of Israel within 90 days of being placed on the list, it becomes subject to an investment prohibition and the State of Florida will not contract with the company or its subsidiaries. [...] Governor DeSantis will continue to call for all companies that seek to boycott or divest from the State of Israel to be placed on the State of Florida\u2019s List of Scrutinized Companies that Boycott Israel. By implementing these measures against Ben & Jerry\u2019s and Unilever, the State of Florida is seeking to deter any other woke corporation that might consider doing the same.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "List of Israeli Products to Boycott!!", "evidence": "The Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement is urging a military embargo on Israel, a boycott of firms \u2018complicit\u2019 in Israel\u2019s occupation, and the cancelling of academic, cultural and sporting events in the country as the latest escalation of violence has killed at least 122 Palestinians and wounded more than 900. [...] Grassroots power in the form of boycotts has proven to be effective. Here are 4 consumer products you can boycott to help fight Israeli impunity. #BoycottHP, #BoycottPuma, #BoycottSodaStream and boycott Israeli products like avocados & dates in your local supermarkets. pic.twitter.com/qn3AeO9RR0 \u2014 BDS movement (@BDSmovement) May 13, 2021 [...] The list of firms targeted for non-violent action by BDS reads like a Who\u2019s Who of the global economy: Elbit Systems, Hewlett-Packard, Puma, Caterpillar, General Mills/Pillsbury, Hyundai Heavy Industries, Volvo, Barclays Bank, Alstom, Motorola Solutions, CEMEX, JCB, G4S/Allied Universal, AXA and CAF, among others.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Porcupines Don`t Harm Agricultural Crops !", "evidence": "The claim in the Sinhala post saying that the porcupines are not damaging any crops is misleading. The Sinhala post is a translation from posts about hedgehogs. Hedgehogs don't much care for eating plants, they much prefer beetles, caterpillars, slugs and snails hence are considered to be generally friendly for your garden.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk Attended Mukesh Ambani`s Son\u2019s Wedding !", "evidence": "In conclusion, there is no factual basis to the claim that Elon Musk attended Mukesh Ambani's son's wedding in Jamnagar, India, wearing traditional Indian attire. The viral image circulating on social media is likely fabricated or AI-generated. It's essential to rely on credible sources and verified information to avoid spreading misinformation.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Pfizer CEO Says That Pfizer Aims To Reduce The World Population By 50%", "evidence": "Claim: Pfizer CEO announces plan to reduce the world\u2019s population by 50% [...] Has the Chief Executive Officer of Pfizer, Albert Bourla announced plans to reduce the population of the world by 50% in 2023? [...] The claim that the CEO of Pfizer has announced plans to reduce the world\u2019s population by 50% in 2023 is FALSE and the video is MISLEADING.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "No, Hollywood Star Vin Diesel Has Not Died While Performing A Stunt", "evidence": "Vin Diesel, the star of the Fast & the Furious movie series, is not dead despite a Facebook post claiming the actor was killed during a car stunt in his backyard. The fake news post includes the CNN logo. The post reads, \"BREAKING NEWS | Hollywood Cries after Vin Diesel, Died In a FAIL STUNT on his Backyard. | TODAY, May 2020.\" Included in the post is a video titled, \"Actual Footage: VIN DIESEL CAR STUNT ACCIDENT.\" [...] Diesel has been the victim of two major death hoaxes in the past. Politifact detailed a death hoax in 2018 that allegedly involved the actor dying after attempting \"the perfect stunt.\" The first major death hoax involving Diesel appeared in January 2014, according to Snopes.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Around 30,000 children are begging in the streets of Sri Lanka !!", "evidence": "Colombo, March 27 (Daily Mirror) - A study revealed that the number of underage street children begging all around the country is between 20,000 and 30,000. [...] He told the Daily Mirror that the estimated figure was determined through informal discussions held in those areas, drawing from previous surveys conducted by a specific non-governmental organization (NGO) in 2019. He noted that, according to the data from these surveys, approximately 15,000 underage street children were identified across the country. [...] Meanwhile, National Child Protection Authority (NCPA) Chairman Chanaka Udyakumara Amarasinghe said that the use of children in begging is a criminal offense. While commenting on the issue, Inspector General of Police (IGP) Deshbandu Tennakoon said that although there is the possibility of taking child beggars into police custody, the existing legal obstacles to taking action against them have become a problem.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Around 30,000 children are begging in the streets of Sri Lanka !!", "evidence": "The claims regarding the number of street children and child beggars in Sri Lanka, particularly the assertion of 30,000 children begging in the streets, lack empirical support and are based on speculative hypotheses rather than formal surveys or research. While concerns regarding the welfare of vulnerable children are valid, it is crucial to rely on verified data and evidence-based research when addressing such issues. Efforts to clarify the origins and accuracy of these estimates should continue through transparent methodologies and collaborations between relevant authorities, academics, and organisations dedicated to child welfare in Sri Lanka.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Around 30,000 children are begging in the streets of Sri Lanka !!", "evidence": "Street Children in Sri Lanka [...] Consortium for Street Children is working with our global network to provide crucial support to street children, and help them access the services, information, and legal protection they need throughout the pandemic. [...] Street children are one of the world\u2019s most invisible populations, overlooked by governments, law and policymakers and many others in society. To address this, CSC and our partner Baker McKenzie created the Legal Atlas, to put information about laws affecting street children directly into their -and their advocates\u2019 \u2013 hands.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Misleading Claims On DCD Levels In Milk Powder", "evidence": "From our investigation it was clear that even though ITI had tested Fonterra dairy products along with 3 other dairies mid-2013, all subsequent tests done by number of other parties including ITI itself had confirmed that there was no DCD contamination in Fonterra dairy products since then. There is dispute about the test methodology of the DCD positive test carried out by ITI in 2013 as well, however all these are out of context since there had not been any incident of DCD contamination since then. Hence we can conclude that these reports being circulated in present day context are misleading the public.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Misleading Claims On DCD Levels In Milk Powder", "evidence": "The Government says Sri Lankan tests which show high levels of DCD contamination in some batches of Fonterra milk powder are wrong. The Sri Lankan Government has ordered the New Zealand dairy co-operative to recall two batches of milk powder, claiming it contained residue of the farm chemical dicyandiamide (DCD). [...] Low-level residues of DCD were found by Fonterra in milk powder in September 2012, prompting New Zealand's Ministry for Primary Industries to suspend the chemical's use in January this year.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims Of Flowers Blooming In The Himalayas Once In 400 Years!", "evidence": "A photograph supposedly showing a pagoda flower is frequently shared on social media along with the claim that it only blooms once every 400 years in the Himalayas: [...] This picture does not show a pagoda flower (nor the \"auspicious Mahameru flower\") but rather a plant called the Rheum nobile. While this large plant is native to the Himalayas, it does not bloom once every 400 years. [...] This is hardly the first time a rumor about a flower that only blooms once every 400 years in the Himalayas has circulated on social media. In 2018, a nearly verbatim copy of this text was attached to a different picture of a flower and given a different name. That variant claimed it was the \"ahameru Pushpam,\" or arya pu, not the pagoda flower:", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Of Flowers Blooming In The Himalayas Once In 400 Years!", "evidence": "An image is being shared widely on Facebook with the claim that it shows Mahameru flower that blooms once every 400 years in the Himalayas. Let\u2019s check the authenticity of that claim. Claim: Image of Mahameru flower that blooms once every 400 years in the Himalayas. Fact: The plant in the image is \u2018Rheum Nobile/ Sikkim Rhubarb/Noble Rhubarb\u2019, it blooms every year in the Himalayas. So, the claim is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Coconut Oil is good. But vegetable oil is bad", "evidence": "Coconut oil is a short-medium chain saturated fat. But saturated fat is bad, right? No. Not the naturally occurring saturated fats, like coconut oil. It\u2019s the artificially adjusted trans fats you want to avoid, like vegetable oils and seed oils. I\u2019ll be posting on this next week, if you\u2019re not quite convinced! Also, when I mention coconut oil, I\u2019m talking virgin coconut oil, not the hydrogenated version (which is bad). [...] Your body sends medium-chain fatty acids straight to your liver to use as energy. This means that coconut oil is a source of instant energy to your body, much like when you eat simple carbohydrates. But although they both deliver quick energy to your body, unlike the carbohydrates, coconut oil does not produce an insulin spike in your bloodstream. This saves you from a slump, and is good news for anyone struggling with insulin issues. Like me. And most of us with AI issues. [...] Coconut oil is ideal for skin care. It helps protect your skin from aging effects, and can help improve the appearance of skin with its anti-aging benefits. Coconut oil is absorbed into your skin and connective tissues, where it helps keep your connective tissues supple and strong, which helps to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and lines. Coconut oil on your skin also acts as an exfoliator for the outer layer of dead skin cells. This will make your skin smoother too. Another bonus!", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Coconut Oil is good. But vegetable oil is bad", "evidence": "Coconut Oil Vs. Vegetable Oil \u2013 The Battle of the Oils [...] But when it comes to cooking, to be more specific, frying, which is better \u2013 Coconut Oil or Vegetable Oil? What are the things that you ought to consider when buying and using a type of frying oil? To be able to know which is better, let us try to compare and know the difference between Coconut Oil and Vegetable Oil. [...] On the other hand, using coconut oil to cook your food is the healthier choice. This is because saturated fats have a more stable chemical structure. In addition, unsaturated fats are not unhealthy for the reason that they contain medium chain triglycerides, which can be easily digested by the liver. As a result, they are stored in your blood cells as energy instead of fat. Think of it like this \u2013 the unsaturated fats from coconut oils gives you a boost in energy without making your blood sugar levels high. Another good thing about cooking your food with coconut oil is that because it has MCT(medium chain triglycerides), it actually has the ability to promote healthy weight loss. In fact, certain studies found out that individuals who were trying to lose weight and used coconut oil as a replacement for vegetable oil had greater and more effective weight loss than those who did the otherwise.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Before the Aragalaya Gas Prices of Sri Lanka Low and After Aragalaya,Prices Increased !!", "evidence": "In recent social media posts, allegations have surfaced, targeting President Ranil Wickremesinghe and Aragalaya activists for the current state of gas prices in Sri Lanka. The post implies that the price of an LP gas cylinder (12.5kg) was around Rs.1500 before the Aragalaya period and that after Ranil Wickremasinghe became the president after the protests, the price has now shot up to Rs.4250. [...] In conclusion, the allegations against President Wickremesinghe and Aragalaya activists for the increase in gas prices are misleading. The timeline of events reveals that the price surge mainly occurred towards the end period of former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa's tenure, and in the subsequent period, the prices dropped and increased by comparatively smaller margins. Furthermore, understanding the broader context of global and economic factors is essential when evaluating claims related to gas prices in Sri Lanka. [...] Title:Misleading Allegations About Gas Price Fluctuations Before & After Aragalaya", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sudha Murty was helped by a lecturer named Usha Bhattacharya when she was travelling without ticket On train from Bombay to Bangalore in her childhood....", "evidence": "<strong>Viral Message About Sudha Murty Travelling Without Ticket on Train Is Fabricated!</strong> [...] In brief, the story in the message follows: A 13-years-old girl Chitra was travelling without a ticket on Bombay-Bangalore Train. The ticket checker threatened to throw her out when a kind-hearted Prof., Usha Bhattacharya, paid for her ticket. Upon learning Chitra had no relatives or family, Prof. Usha put her up with an NGO in Bangalore and helped with her education. Later, Prof Usha shifted to Delhi and lost contact with Chitra. After 20 years, Prof. Usha went to the US for a lecture. There she had a meal in a restaurant. She learned that somebody had already paid her dinner bill. She asked who, and Chitra came forward to meet her. They both cried, reminiscing about the train journey. Chitra said that her name is now Sudha, and she married a man called Narayan Murty. [...] Title:Viral Message About Sudha Murty Travelling Without Ticket on Train Is Fabricated!", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Origins Of \u201cHello\u201d Was Linked To Graham Bell`s Girl Friend!", "evidence": "Is The Origin Of \"Hello\" Related To Graham Bell's Girlfriend? Here's The Truth. [...] It is '#Margaret Hello,' the fianc\u00e9e of the #telephone inventor '#Graham #Bell.' [...] Title:Is The Origin Of \"Hello\" Related To Graham Bell's Girlfriend? Here's The Truth.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The Origins Of \u201cHello\u201d Was Linked To Graham Bell`s Girl Friend!", "evidence": "Do you know what is the real meaning of \"Hello\" It is the name of a girl. [...] Margaret Hello. She was the girlfriend of Graham bell who invented the telephone. One can forget the name of Graham bell but not his girlfriend - that is Love !!!! or whatever.... [...] Was Bell involved with a woman named Margaret Hello and is that the reason the word \"hello\" was popularized?", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The Origins Of \u201cHello\u201d Was Linked To Graham Bell`s Girl Friend!", "evidence": "While there certainly exist words that began their linguistic lives as people's names, hello does not belong in that category. This sorry tale about the surname of Alexander Graham Bell's girlfriend is merely a hoax, nothing more. We began seeing this purported etymology for hello in the online world in November 2010. Iterations of this leg-pull have subsequently rechristened the inventor of the telephone \"Graham Bell\" and \"graham-bell\" (with one version also claiming \"His first 2 instruments were at his and her place ... and the first call he made to commercially test the phones was to his girlfriend!\") [...] As for that first call, or any other by Graham, being made to the \"Margaret Hello\" identified in this tall tale as \"his girlfriend,\" such would have stood as rather interesting personal news to those who knew him, because in 1876 Bell was engaged to Mabel Hubbard, a woman whom he married the following year and who remained his wife until his death in 1922. By December 2016, the tale graduated to meme form; the image of Bell with the purported \"Margaret Hello\" was in fact a photograph of the inventor and Hubbard.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Israeli Attacked On Gaza Tower Recently !!", "evidence": "A Sari, \u2018Israeli Attacks on Gaza\u2019s Tower Blocks\u2019 (Articles of War. Lieber Institute, West Point, 17 May 2021) <https://lieber.westpoint.edu/israeli-attacks-gazas-tower-blocks/> accessed 2 February 2024. [...] J Federman, \u2018Shocking and Horrifying\u2019: Israel Destroys AP Office in Gaza\u2019 (AP News, 16 May 2021) <https://apnews.com/article/israel-middle-east-business-israel-palestinian-conflict-fe452147166f55ba5a9d32e6ba8b53d7> accessed 2 February 2024, and \u2018Give Us 10 Minutes: How Israel Bombed a Gaza Media Tower\u2019 (Al Jazeera, 15 May 2021) <https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/15/give-us-10-minutes-how-israel-bombed-gaza-media-tower> accessed 2 February 2024.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "IOC Requests Against Filling Fuel Tanks To The Maximum Limit, Due To Rising Heat In SL!", "evidence": "In April 2022, a purported statement from Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) went viral on social media. IOCL was credited in the viral posts for spreading information about the hazards of overfilling gasoline vehicles. The advisory included an image of the IOCL logo along with a body of text stating that rising air temperatures and people filling their vehicles to the maximum capacity with gasoline could result in fuel tank explosions. The warning statement also mentioned that five such explosions had occurred due to people filling fuel tanks to the maximum. It further advised people to only half-fill their tanks, leaving room for air. However, the IOCL warning that has been widely disseminated across several social media platforms is fake. No such caution has been issued by the IOCL. We found that the IOCL released a clarification via a Facebook post on April 9, 2022, in response to the warning statement that had spread across social media. The hoax warning was entirely debunked by IOCL, which also mentioned that it is safe to fill up to the vehicle's maximum capacity regardless of whether it is winter or summer. [...] In 2016, India's highest-ever temperature was recorded in the town of Phalodi in Rajasthan, when temperatures reached 51 degrees Celsius. Moreover, the highest temperature ever recorded on Earth was 56.7 degrees Celsius, measured on July 10, 1913, at Greenland Ranch in Death Valley, California, U.S. We therefore conclude that the IOCL's warning against filling gasoline tanks to maximum capacity amid rising temperatures is a hoax that has been circulating for years.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "IOC Requests Against Filling Fuel Tanks To The Maximum Limit, Due To Rising Heat In SL!", "evidence": "Our investigation found that IOC had not released any advisory statement warning the public against filling their vehicle fuel tanks to the maximum limit. The message was viral a few years ago in India, too. IOC clarifies that they had not issued any such advisory, and it\u2019s perfectly safe to fill the fuel tanks to the maximum level indicated by the manufacturer, irrespective of whether it`s summer or winter.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Fathima Sadha (Sadha Haroon) Has Been Selected As The First Sri Lankan Female Astronaut !", "evidence": "Below is an investigation about social media claims which went viral, claiming that a young Muslim girl had been selected as the first Sri Lankan female astronaut to travel to space. [...] The text in these viral posters congratulated Fatima Sadha studying at a private school in Negombo was selected as a \"Space Warrior\" by NASA will make history as the first Muslim woman from Sri Lanka to go into space [...] However, NASA or any other space exploration agency has not yet selected Sadha for any astronaut training program with an aim of sending her to space yet. Therefore, it is misleading to call her the first Sri Lankan woman having been selected to become an astronaut.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Is The Train Timing Display At Mt. Lavinia Railway Station Available Only In English And Chinese? Find Out The Truth\u2026", "evidence": "Thanks for reading Mt Lavinia Railway Station", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Wasim Akram alleged that the performance of the Sri Lanka cricket team in the Asia Cup final match was suspicious !!", "evidence": "There is no evidence to support the claim that Wasim Akram made any statement on Start Sports or any other public forum regarding match-fixing in the Asia Cup 2023 final. The claim appears to have originated on social media and spread without any basis in fact.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "UNHCR Survey On Sri Lankan Presidential Polls !!(Document)", "evidence": "IHP\u2019s Sri Lanka Opinion Tracker Survey (SLOTS) MRP provisional estimates of Presidential Election voting intent in Feb. 2024 show no real changes compared to January. NPP/JVP leader AK Dissanayake continues to lead with the support of 53% of all adults followed by SJB leader Sajith Premadasa on 34%, Pres. Ranil Wickremesinghe at 6% (-2), and a generic SLPP candidate at 7% (-1).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Wearing Masks Will Increase Mortality !!", "evidence": "To relate the impact of these interventions to their societal impact, we determined the number of deaths per million after each mitigation strategy, assuming a mortality rate of ~ 3%39. This analysis illustrates the heavy cost of lives of the virus, but also demonstrates that according to our model a high level of mask wearing compliance is the most effective non-pharmacological approach to protect human lives, particularly when combined with even moderate SD measures (Fig. 4D). In contrast, SD, without masks wearing is not effective to reduce mortality (Fig. 4E). Finally, our simulations predict that increasing the proportion of the population wearing masks will increase the time to outbreak extinction (from ~ 40 to ~ 60 days) (Fig. 4F). Together with the broadening of the peak (Fig. 4C), this shows an effective flattening of the curve. Importantly, with 80% mask wearing, we observed an increase in the statistical distribution from the average time to extinction (Fig. 4F, see 95% confidence intervals). Thus, a generally low disease incidence triggers stochastic events leading to extinction of the infection.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Wearing Masks Will Increase Mortality !!", "evidence": "The claim above is misleading. There is no scientific evidence that wearing a face mask increases mortality or shortens lifespan. In addition, the research attached to the claim was intended to teach breathing methods that reduce unpleasant symptoms while wearing a mask for a long time and did not suggest that wearing a mask shortens life in any way.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "When Sajith Premadasa Was Questioned Why He Did Not Accept Invitation to Become President in 2022, He Skipped from Giving Answers !!", "evidence": "2022 Sri Lankan political crisis and indirect presidential election [edit]Premadasa refused the invitation of President Gotabaya Rajapakshe to accept the premiership during the 2022 Sri Lankan political crisis.[27] Following the resignation of Rajapakshe, he initially announced to run for the indirect presidential election.[28] However, the day before, he withdrew his candidacy and endorsed Dullas Alahapperuma.[29] [...] - ^ \"Sajith declines President's invitation to be PM\". Newswire. 8 May 2022. Archived from the original on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2024. [...] - ^ \"Sajith Premadasa withdraws his candidacy from Sri Lanka presidential election\". The Indian Express. 19 July 2022. Archived from the original on 18 August 2024. Retrieved 18 August 2024.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "US Military Bases Around China! (Map)", "evidence": "The U.S. military is encircling China with a chain of air bases and military ports. The latest link: a small airstrip on the tiny Pacific island of Saipan. The U.S. Air Force is planning to lease 33 acres of land on the island for the next 50 years to build a \"divert airfield\" on an ... The U.S. military is encircling China with a chain of air bases and military ports. The latest link: a small airstrip on the tiny Pacific island of Saipan. The U.S. Air Force is planning to lease 33 acres of land on the island for the next 50 years to build a \"divert airfield\" on an old World War II airbase there. But the residents don't want it. And the Chinese are in no mood to be surrounded by Americans. [...] The U.S. military is encircling China with a chain of air bases and military ports. The latest link: a small airstrip on the tiny Pacific island of Saipan. The U.S. Air Force is planning to lease 33 acres of land on the island for the next 50 years to build a \"divert airfield\" on an old World War II airbase there. But the residents don\u2019t want it. And the Chinese are in no mood to be surrounded by Americans.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "US Military Bases Around China! (Map)", "evidence": "China is effectively encircled by US bases all across the Pacific\u2014threatening a catastrophic war between the world\u2019s two greatest powers. [...] Camp Humphreys, southwest of Seoul in South Korea, is the largest US overseas military base in the world with more than 500 buildings. It is just 540 kilometres from the city of Dalian on the Chinese mainland, with a population of more than seven million people. That is the same distance as driving between Sydney and Wodonga on the Victorian border. [...] US bases in Australia and the growing integration of Australia\u2019s armed forces into the US military are another part of its push against China.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "General Kamal Gunarathna Said He Is Unaware That Retired Sri Lankan Soldiers Joining The Ukraine-Russia Conflict !!", "evidence": "COLOMBO (News 1st); Reports have emerged from various parts of the island regarding former members of the armed forces who are believed to have disappeared after joining the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. [...] The Ministry of Defence announced the establishment of a special unit to gather information on the human trafficking of retired Sri Lankan military personnel to the Russia-Ukraine war through illegal channels. Accordingly, the Defence Secretary requests the family members of the concerned to provide information about retired Sri Lankan military personnel who have joined the Russia-Ukraine war via various routes, including the dates of their departure, persons and institutions that had coordinated their passages, to the following dedicated no: 0112441146.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sri Lanka to gift two female elephants to Pakistan !!", "evidence": "- In a historic move, the Islamabad High Court has ruled that Kaavan, a Sri Lankan elephant given to Pakistan\u2019s Islamabad Zoo 35 years ago, be relocated to a sanctuary in Cambodia due to the zoo\u2019s poor conditions and the impact on the elephant\u2019s welfare. [...] Born in 1985, Sri Lanka offered Kaavan to Pakistan to strengthen bilateral relations between the two countries. This custom has drawn criticism because it deprives elephants of the right to live freely. [...] Banner image of Kaavan, a Sri Lankan elephant gifted to Pakistan, courtesy of Free Kaavan the Elephant/Facebook.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sri Lanka to gift two female elephants to Pakistan !!", "evidence": "ISLAMABAD: Following the tragic death of African elephant Noor Jehan in the Karachi Zoo, Sri Lanka has announced that it will gift two female elephants to Pakistan. [...] Joyia stated that one of the elephants will be sent to Karachi Zoo and the other to Lahore. He also expressed grief over Noor Jehan\u2019s demise, which was reportedly due to prolonged health issues exacerbated by a lack of care at the zoo. [...] The gift of two elephants from Sri Lanka is a step towards improving the conditions of captive animals in Pakistan\u2019s zoos. The move has been welcomed by animal rights activists who hope that the new elephants will receive better care and treatment.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Sri Lanka to gift two female elephants to Pakistan !!", "evidence": "Currently in Pakistan there is an elephant named Kaavan. For the past three decades, since he was a baby of between one and two years old, he has been held in conditions not fitting for any being. Considered property, he was a diplomatic gift from the Sri Lankan government to the Pakistan government in 1985. Many people are aware of Kaavan and his story of being tightly chained almost his entire life in deplorable conditions in the Islamabad Zoo. [...] Elephants like the NhRP\u2019s clients Beulah, Karen, Minnie, and the elephant we have been fighting for in Pakistan, Kaavan, are captured from the wild and from their families. Herd members are very often killed in the process of trying to protect the babies. Traumatized babies are shipped from their native habitat to be physically abused and mentally \"broken\" until they submit to a life as a docile \"attraction\" of one sort or another in zoos or circuses, giving tourist rides, kept as status symbols, or owned or rented for religious and cultural festivals. All this is even worse when we consider that elephants are scientifically proven to be one of the most intelligent species on earth; they are highly social and form lifelong bonds, are known to show empathy, are body-aware, and many would argue, self-aware.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Heroin Samples Found In Yukthiya Operation Are Fake!!", "evidence": "Along with the YUKTHIYA operation, 23 people were arrested in Warakapola area along with Mattakkuliye Kudu Roshan, when they were returning from Nuwara Eliya to Colombo last night. [...] The Yukthiya Operation was implemented today in Palliyawatta and Peliyagoda areas. [...] Serach operations were conducted at Laksandha Sewana housing complex and Sinhapura areas belonging to the Wellampitiya police division under operation Yukthiya.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Geckos are deadly venomous animals !!", "evidence": "So, the Fact Crescendo team decided to do a fact check on the claim that \u2018wall geckos are deadly venomous!\u2019 [...] The shared posts mentioned that geckos are deadly poisonous and one can kill a man with less effort. But if it is that much toxic, how their predators prey on them? Typically geckos are prey for some animals. Sometimes more giant gecko species eat much smaller gecko species. Besides, birds, snakes, giant spiders, and sometimes cats and dogs eat geckos. But they neither die nor get any complications with it. Some animals inherited the poisonous skins as a protection tactic from their predators. But it is confirmed that geckos do not have that characteristic, so they were captured by their predators easily. What they have for their survival is their colouration and patterns, which match their habitat. [...] The posts which were shared mentioning that the geckos are deadly venomous or poisonous even than snakes are incorrect. They are just innocent, harmless animals. There can be some harm, but it does not occur because of venom or poison. But food contaminated with their faeces is dangerous and can pervade human salmonellosis.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Geckos are deadly venomous animals !!", "evidence": "One of the most well-known venomous geckos is the Gila monster. This reptile has a powerful toxin in its saliva that can cause intense pain and even death in prey or predators. Other geckos, such as the helmeted gecko, have developed venom that is much milder, but still effective at immobilizing prey. [...] Firstly, it\u2019s important to note that not all geckos are venomous. Some gecko species, like the common house gecko, are completely harmless and non-toxic. However, there are a few species of geckos that are known to be venomous, such as the Gila monster and the beaded lizard. [...] Conservation efforts for venomous gecko species are crucial for preserving these unique animals in their natural habitats. Unlike non-venomous geckos, venomous geckos often face threats from habitat loss, over-harvesting, and feeding on toxic prey. With many venomous gecko species already facing declining populations, it is important to take action to protect these fascinating creatures.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Geckos are deadly venomous animals !!", "evidence": "The posts which were shared mentioning that the geckos are deadly venomous or poisonous even than snakes are incorrect. They are just innocent, harmless animals. There can be some harm, but it does not occur because of venom or poison. But food contaminated with their faeces is dangerous and can pervade human salmonellosis.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Pencil Packing Work-From-Home Opportunities For Nataraj Pencils!", "evidence": "The Natraj Pencil Packing Work From Home job provides an excellent platform for individuals seeking a flexible work arrangement. This opportunity allows you to be part of Natraj\u2019s packaging team, responsible for ensuring that each pencil is carefully and efficiently packaged before reaching customers. Whether you are a student, a homemaker, or someone looking for additional income, this work-from-home job can cater to your needs. [...] The main task in the Natraj Pencil Packing Job Work From Home job is to carefully and efficiently pack Natraj pencils into appropriate packaging materials. This involves inspecting the pencils for any defects, ensuring they are in good condition, and arranging them neatly in the designated packaging. Attention to detail is crucial to maintain the quality and presentation of the final product. Additionally, adhering to the packaging guidelines provided by Natraj and meeting production targets are essential aspects of the job. In a work-from-home position, individuals are responsible for creating a conducive workspace, managing their time effectively, and coordinating with the company to ensure a smooth workflow. [...] - Natraj Pencil Packing Work from Home provides a supportive and collaborative work environment, where you will work closely with other team members to ensure smooth production flow.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !!", "evidence": "Contrary to recent claims, there has been no recent decision by the Sri Lankan government to change the language of administration and courts in the Northern and Eastern provinces. The constitutional provisions amended in 1987 and 88, related to the official languages in Sri Lanka, have been in place for decades.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Any form of vaccination after COVID19 vaccination can be life threatening", "evidence": "Following implementation of vaccination, cases of anaphylaxis after administration of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines began to be reported.3,4 Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur after vaccination, with onset typically within minutes to hours.5 The initial estimated reporting rates for anaphylaxis in the US were 11.1 cases per million doses administered of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (December 14-23, 2020) and 2.5 cases per million doses administered of the Moderna vaccine (December 21, 2020-January 10, 2021).3,4 Since these early estimates were generated, millions more doses of both vaccines have been administered and safety monitoring has detected additional cases of anaphylaxis. This analysis updates the reporting rates of anaphylaxis in individuals following receipt of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine. [...] Continued safety monitoring of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in the US has confirmed that anaphylaxis following vaccination is a rare event, with rates of 4.7 cases/million Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine doses administered and 2.5 cases/million Moderna vaccine doses administered, based on information through January 18, 2021. When considered in the context of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19,9 the benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risk of anaphylaxis, which is treatable. Because of the acute, life-threatening nature of anaphylaxis, immediate epinephrine administration is indicated for all cases. CDC guidance on use of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines8 and management of anaphylaxis is available.10 All facilities administering COVID-19 vaccines should have the necessary supplies and trained medical personnel available to manage anaphylaxis. [...] N. Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis after receipt of the first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Any form of vaccination after COVID19 vaccination can be life threatening", "evidence": "Recurrent Kounis syndrome \u2013 a life-threatening event after COVID-19 vaccine administration [...] We report the case of a man who presented to the emergency department with typical angina that started 20 minutes after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine administration. Electrocardiogram showed inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction, and coronary angiography confirmed right coronary artery stent thrombosis. Five months before, he had an acute coronary syndrome after influenza vaccine administration. Both vaccines share a common excipient, polysorbate 80. Considering the reproducibility of the reaction and the temporal association between vaccine administration and coronary events, a hypersensitivity reaction to polysorbate 80 was admitted and the patient was instructed to further avoid drugs containing it. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first reported case of type 3 Kounis syndrome after COVID-19 vaccine administration. Kounis syndrome is an uncommon disease, often undiagnosed. Its recognition and proper management are crucial to prevent future events.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Any form of vaccination after COVID19 vaccination can be life threatening", "evidence": "Key Points - Anaphylaxis, an acute and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, has been reported rarely following COVID-19 vaccination. [...] Anaphylaxis, an acute and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, has been reported rarely following COVID-19 vaccination. These interim considerations provide recommendations on assessment and potential management of anaphylaxis following COVID-19 vaccination. Detailed information on CDC recommendations for vaccination, including contraindications and precautions to vaccination, can be found in the Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID-19 Vaccines in the United States. Patients should be screened prior to receipt of each vaccine dose, and those with a contraindication should not be vaccinated. Resources from Immunize.org are available to help providers determine if a contraindication or precaution exists for all routinely recommended vaccines for adults and children and teens, including COVID-19 vaccines. [...] Anyone can report any adverse events, including anaphylaxis, that occur in a recipient following COVID-19 vaccination, to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Reporting is encouraged for any clinically significant adverse event, even if it is uncertain whether the vaccine caused the event. For detailed reporting requirements for VAERS, please see Clinical Guidance for COVID-19 Vaccination | CDC. Refer to the VAERS website or call 1-800-822-7967 for more information on how to submit a report to VAERS.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Fact Check: German Village Shaped Like A Human Fingerprint ? Find Out The Truth..", "evidence": "Fact Check: No, this is not a fingerprint shaped village in Germany [...] An image that looks like an aerial image of a fingerprint shaped village surrounded by greenery is being shared on social media. It is being claimed that this a village in Germany. [...] Facebook page The Reflection posted the image with the caption: Germany village (Erbil) shaped like a fingerprint", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sri Lanka Has the Largest Number of Ministers and Highest Taxes", "evidence": "Both claims are misleading. Sri Lanka does not have the highest tax rates in the world, and it does not have the largest number of ministers. Many countries in Europe and Asia have higher tax burdens, and several other nations maintain larger cabinets.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sri Lanka Has the Largest Number of Ministers and Highest Taxes", "evidence": "Sri Lanka now proudly meets the highest level of achievement of taxation for cigarettes, with taxes reaching 77% of the price of the most sold brand. In line with best-practices in the WHO Tobacco Taxation manual, Sri Lanka primarily relies on a specific excise tax, meaning a tax levied on selected products based on quantity, such as number of cigarettes or weight of tobacco.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Vegan Leather Is not Sustainable!!", "evidence": "Veganism and using fewer animal products, whether in food or in fashion, is often touted as a sustainable solution. However, some industry experts and environmentalists argue that leather is a difficult material to find a high-quality sustainable dupe for. Though consuming less meat and dairy and having a more plant-focused diet has been proven to be better for the environment, consumers can be misled to assume that all things vegan, including pleather, are sustainable. Most mainstream vegan leathers are largely made from polyurethane leather (PU leather) which is not sustainable or even biodegradable. Tanja Hester, environmental activist, writer, and the author of Wallet Activism says that the idea of \"vegan leather\" is just greenwashing. \"It\u2019s truly just plastic, which is rarely recycled and in vegan leather form it\u2019s impossible to recycle\u2014there\u2019s essentially no sustainable vegan leather,\" she says.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Vegan Leather Is not Sustainable!!", "evidence": "Sustainable Vegan Leather Properties & Considerations 1. What Is Vegan Leather & What Is Vegan Leather Made Of? [...] The way we approach the question, \"Is vegan leather sustainable?\", is to look at all of the ways regular leather is not. [...] Beyond that, however, the matter of how sustainable is vegan leather is determined by what it\u2019s made of.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Footage Of Matheesha Getting Blessings From Dhoni !", "evidence": "A video went viral of Chennai Super Kings pacer Matheesha Pathirana which several netizens mistook for him touching MS Dhoni's feet in the IPL 2024 clash against the Gujarat Titans before bowling to seek his blessings. However, a different angle of the video emerged, which showed that the right-arm pacer was only adjusting his bowling guard. [...] In the latest video that has gone viral on social media, Pathirana could clearly be seen not touching Dhoni's feet. Pathirana, meanwhile, bowled a tidy spell against the Titans, taking figures of 4-0-29-1, dismissing B Sai Sudharsan for 37.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Footage Of Matheesha Getting Blessings From Dhoni !", "evidence": "Sri Lankan cricketer Matheesha Pathirana, who has earned a significant fan base in India due to his impressive performances in the IPL, found himself at the centre of attention when a video surfaced, allegedly showing him receiving blessings from Indian cricketing legend Mahendra Singh Dhoni before his bowling spell. This claim, which quickly went viral, has sparked a wave of curiosity among cricket enthusiasts. Let\u2019s delve into the details of this viral video claim. [...] However, upon keyword searches, we came across a few other videos of the same situation from different angles that clearly depicted what really happened. In this instance, Matheesha is bending down to pick up his bowling mark. Dhoni was standing next to this marker, which suggested that Matheesha was taking blessings from MSD. You can view it from this link. [...] Our investigation confirms that the assertions of Sri Lankan cricketer Matheesha Pathirana taking blessings from Mahendra Singh Dhoni during a cricket match in the ongoing Indian Premier League are inaccurate. The footage depicts Pathirana simply picking up the marker used by bowlers to measure their distance, which happened to be near Dhoni's feet at that particular time.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Footage Of Matheesha Getting Blessings From Dhoni !", "evidence": "Watch: Matheesha Pathirana touched MS Dhoni's feet? Truth exposed in fresh video [...] Those who thought that Matheesha Pathirana was seeking blessings from former Chennai Super Kings captain MS Dhoni were absolutely wrong. A video from CSK\u2019s 2nd league stage win against Gujarat Titans 3 days ago in Chepauk, showed Pathirana touching the feet of Dhoni to get his blessings before going on to bowl his over. But a new angle of the video from the higher stands of the MA Chidambaram stadium has come out and it has clarified everything. In the previous video which was shot from the side angle, Matheesha Pathirana was seen bowing down to MS Dhoni during a drinks break. That was being circulated all over social media platforms with a caption that Pathirana was seeking blessings from MSD so that he could bowl well in the next over. However, the latest angle is giving away a different message altogether.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Additional 15% Tax Introduced On Women\u2019s Sanitary Napkins?", "evidence": "After the UK joined the Common Market in 1973, a 17.5% Value Added Tax (VAT) was introduced on sanitary products. In 2000, after lobbying by Labour MP Dawn Primarolo the tax was reduced to 5%. She explained the reduction was \"about fairness, and doing what we can to lower the cost of a necessity\". [...] David Cameron was asked about sanitary taxation by a student at the University of East Anglia. He answered: \"This is a long-standing campaign. I have had a look at it in the past. It's quite difficult.\" [...] Elsewhere in the EU, Slovakia is an example of where tax is paid on sanitary products at the basic goods rate of 20%. Slovakian director Diana Fabianova who made the film The Moon Inside You, external, said: \"There are no plans to change the law. When the sexual revolution and feminism was happening in the West, we had a communist regime. And you can still feel that we skipped these important changes. There is no interest from political sides to stand up for these issues.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Additional 15% Tax Introduced On Women\u2019s Sanitary Napkins?", "evidence": "Our investigation reveals that the 2021 budget proposal had suggested changing the existing 30% import tax to 15% import tax and 15% CESS respectively applicable to women\u2019s sanitary napkins. Advocate Institute has pointed out that there would be a slight increase of 1.6% in total tax calculation because of the proposed system. However, local manufacturers who make up more than 90% of market share, assure that prices of locally manufactured brands would remain the same, as these proposed tax changes would not affect them.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Additional 15% Tax Introduced On Women\u2019s Sanitary Napkins?", "evidence": "Bill to remove 15% sanitary pad tax introduced - Sosu presents draft law to Parliament A private member\u2019s bill proposing an amendment to remove the 15 per cent Value Added Tax (VAT) on menstrual hygiene products has been introduced to Parliament. [...] \"Imposing taxes on sanitation pads which is as a result of their menstrual cycle which is a natural phenomenon is unfair, discriminatory and violates both national law (Article 17 of the 1992 Constitution) and various international laws and treaties such as Article 2 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, Articles 24(1) and 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the Convention on Rights of Children, and the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women, among others,\" Mr Sosu said.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Pressing The \u201cCancel\u201d Button Twice To Prevent ATM Thefts !!", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: No, pressing 'cancel' twice at an ATM does not protect against fraud | ABS-CBN News FACT CHECK: No, pressing 'cancel' twice at an ATM does not protect against fraud", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A Recent Incident: Mob Destroying President Wickremesinghe`s Banner !!", "evidence": "Six-time Sri Lanka\u2019s prime minister, President Ranil Wickremesinghe had long aspired to the pinnacle of power, enduring setback after setback but always managing to recover from seemingly impossible defeats. [...] Wickremesinghe is a divisive figure, unpopular among Sri Lankans fed up with shortages of food, fuel, and medicine. Last week, protesters burned his private residence to the ground. [...] Wickremesinghe tends to keep his private life under wraps. He is married to Maitree Wickremesinghe, a professor and expert on gender and women\u2019s studies.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A Recent Incident: Mob Destroying President Wickremesinghe`s Banner !!", "evidence": "Three more persons have been arrested for allegedly torching Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe's private residence during last month's massive anti-government protests, taking the total number of arrests to seven, according to a media report on Tuesday. [...] On July 9, in remarkable scenes of a country in meltdown, anti-government protesters set Mr. Wickremesinghe\u2019s private residence at Cambridge Place on fire. Mr. Wickremesinghe said much of the contents in his private residence were not salvageable, with extensive destruction to his 125-year-old piano and more than 4,000 books gutted.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "A Recent Incident: Mob Destroying President Wickremesinghe`s Banner !!", "evidence": "For Sri Lankans hankering for political change, such a clearly status quo move came as a disappointment. The protesters announced that their agitation will continue, a move that risks more unrest as Wickremesinghe has signaled a willingness to use force to maintain public order. [...] In recent weeks, demonstrators stormed and occupied the homes and offices of the president and the prime minister, demanding their resignations. Wickremesinghe had offered to step aside but ultimately did not. His private home was destroyed when a mob set it on fire earlier in July. [...] Wickremesinghe denounced the protesters, calling them \"fascists\" for clashing with security forces on the streets of Colombo.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Maggi Noodles in Unhealthy !!", "evidence": "High salt content in Maggi is unhealthy. High salt consumption causes hypertension and heart disease. Eating high-sodium meals consistently is thought to raise the risk of major health problems. Salt usage is unhealthy, as shown by Maggi sodium criticism. While vital, too much sodium may disturb the body's delicate equilibrium. Hypertension and excessive sodium levels are connected. Hypertension uncontrolled may cause stroke and heart disease. Thus, Maggi's salt content is a health problem, not simply a taste one. Moderation is necessary since high-sodium foods like Maggi increase cardiovascular risk. Salt's health effects stress the necessity of nutrition. Maggi's convenience and taste make it popular, but watch salt consumption. A balanced diet and avoiding sodium-related health risks need this knowledge. [...] Maggi may replace healthier meals because to its convenience of preparation. This may lead to unhealthy eating habits because individuals overlook a balanced diet. Maggi appeals to fast-food eaters because to its ease of preparation. Maggi's convenience may make consumers rely on instant noodles for their primary meal. Maggi may substitute healthier meals due of its ease. Frequently replacing Maggi with healthier meals may cause bad eating habits. Instant noodles may fulfill cravings and time constraints but lack health benefits. Too much Maggi may deplete vitamins, minerals, and proteins, causing a nutritional imbalance.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Maggi Noodles in Unhealthy !!", "evidence": "The arguments supporting the health risks of instant noodles are based on valid research, particularly regarding metabolic syndrome, sodium and MSG levels, and preservatives like TBHQ. However, these risks are often exaggerated, especially when consumption is moderate. Additionally, evolving packaging technologies and regulatory guidelines help mitigate concerns like BPA exposure and MSG safety. The key takeaway from both perspectives is that balance and moderation are crucial to minimizing potential health risks while allowing for the occasional indulgence in instant noodles.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Maggi Noodles in Unhealthy !!", "evidence": "Maggi noodles can be dangerous for your health because of MSG and lead. It is important to choose healthier foods and avoid eating too much Maggi. [...] Maggi noodles can be harmful to your health because preservatives are added to them. It is important to choose healthy foods and avoid eating too much Maggi. [...] Maggi noodles contain trans fat, which is harmful to your health. It is important to choose healthy options and avoid eating too much Maggi.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Marian Members Rosa and Subhash got Death Threats !!- Nalin Perera", "evidence": "Marians, under the leadership of megastar musician and TV personality Nalin Perera alon with the dynamic and creative individuals, celebrated its 30 years of music with double Concerts at the BMICH. [...] Marians started off as young school band from St. Mary\u2019s College, Chilaw in 1988. They playing at outdoor shows mainly backing guest artistes in the early 90s. However, it was Nalin\u2019s vision to stand out as a band and to be different in the music industry of Sri Lanka. [...] Marians now comprises Nalin Perera- Leader, Prasanna Rosa onlead guitar, Ruwan Fernando on rhythm guitar, Chaminda Silva on bass, Dileepa Mangala on keyboards, Subash Punyasoma on drums, Jayantha Kandabadage- Percussionist, Shehan Jayasooriya- Saxophonist and Shivantha Fernando on vocals.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Marian Members Rosa and Subhash got Death Threats !!- Nalin Perera", "evidence": "The claim that Marians members Subash and Rosa received death threats due to their political stances is lack of evidences.Both Dasatha News and the management of Nalin Perera have denied the authenticity of the viral posts. The social media post appears to be an attempt to spread misinformation, possibly fueled by political differences.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sajith Worshipped to Ratta !!", "evidence": "Video was altered.In the original video,Sajith Premadasa worshipping buddhist monks!", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Members of Parliament Failed to Declare Their Assets !!", "evidence": "Financial Disclosure: By law members of Parliament, civil servants, and ministers must declare their assets. Elected officials must also disclose their spouses\u2019 and dependent children\u2019s assets. Failure to disclose this information may lead to their disqualification from public office for five years. Heads of state, in contrast, are not required to declare their income and assets. Judges, generals, and high-level officials often concealed their assets from the public. Political parties and politicians must file annual financial accounting reports declaring their assets and liabilities. The government has not fully implemented the law, and lawmakers often disregarded it. It is the duty of the Election Commission of Pakistan to verify that political parties and politicians make their financial information publicly available; the commission posts a list of parliamentarians\u2019 assets annually.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ranil Wickremesinghe Contest the Presidential Election Under the \u201cHeart\u201d Symbol !!", "evidence": "There has been much focus on President Wickremesinghe\u2019s symbol as an independent candidate. The Wickremesinghe camp had worked to get the \u2018heart\u2019 symbol for him, with the media campaigners also making the necessary advertising material using the \u2018heart\u2019 symbol several weeks ago. The \u2018heart\u2019 symbol had been proposed by the youngest son of a leading political family in the country, it is learnt. [...] It is also learnt that Wickremesinghe had also expressed concerns over the \u2018heart\u2019 symbol to his campaign heads, saying it was quite generic and that his symbol should be a unique one that could capture the attention of the people.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Anura Kumara Dissanayake to Lead Both JVP and NPP Illegally !!", "evidence": "It was in the year 2017 that I accidentally took part in an essential meeting representing my dean of the faculty in a restaurant at Kiribathgoda. It was organized by an academic team of the University of Kelaniya, and the meeting was to form NPP in a more technical procedure. Anura Kumara Dissanayake, the leader of JVP came for the meeting because he was considered the main figure. During the meeting, I mean that was the peak moment of our discussion, I raised a question for which Anura slightly threw an idea, but it was not so satisfactory. Amidst some of the objections, I truly supported NPP though I was not in Sri Lanka after 2018 [went to the US for studies]. I was quite helpful for my team to arrange certain meetings for NPP in Jaffna. That\u2019s how we began a movement. [...] Now, Anura Kumara, as a minister representing JVP has been in the parliament for many years and of course as the leader of JVP. He has been criticizing and critically giving evidence for many wrong-turns of the Rajapaksaa regime, Gotabaya\u2019s regime, and Ranil\u2019s cruel decisions that violated the constitution. We have enough records for Anura\u2019s counterarguments and NPP public meetings. [...] Anura is regenerating a strong voice through NPP conferences and public meetings. He is radically critical of many sub-cultures that were primarily promoted by the Rajapaksa regime and later at the hands of Ranil. However, in my view, Anura is spoiling a better soup.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Oatmeal is the highest sprayed crop with pesticides, particularly glyphosate !!", "evidence": "In summary, the claims made in the viral video contain elements of truth but are presented in a misleading manner. While glyphosate is used on oats and has been linked to health risks in certain contexts, the levels found in food products are generally considered safe by regulatory bodies. The claim that oatmeal is one of the most pesticide-heavy crops and should be avoided entirely is an exaggeration not supported by the broader scientific consensus. Additionally, while glyphosate is banned in some countries, it remains widely used and regulated in many others.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Oatmeal is the highest sprayed crop with pesticides, particularly glyphosate !!", "evidence": "A recent video circulating on social media platforms has sparked concerns by claiming that oatmeal, particularly the inorganic variety, is toxic to the body and can significantly reduce one's lifespan. The video suggests that oatmeal is among the most heavily sprayed crops with pesticides, specifically mentioning glyphosate, a chemical that has been banned in several countries. The video warns viewers to avoid oatmeal unless in extreme survival situations, citing the detrimental effects of glyphosate on human health. Additionally, the presenter promotes a book titled \"The Herbal Tablets,\" which purportedly contains essential health information that can improve one\u2019s well-being and longevity. [...] However, the claim that oats are the \"highest sprayed crop with pesticides\" is misleading. While oats do receive glyphosate treatment, many other crops, such as soybeans and corn, are also treated with glyphosate and may receive higher overall pesticide applications depending on the region and farming practices. Read more [...] In summary, the claims made in the viral video contain elements of truth but are presented in a misleading manner. While glyphosate is used on oats and has been linked to health risks in certain contexts, the levels found in food products are generally considered safe by regulatory bodies. The claim that oatmeal is one of the most pesticide-heavy crops and should be avoided entirely is an exaggeration not supported by the broader scientific consensus. Additionally, while glyphosate is banned in some countries, it remains widely used and regulated in many others.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Dilith Jayaweera\u2019s Withdrawal from Presidential Race !!", "evidence": "It is reported that Mr. Dilith Jayaweera, a well-known businessman, has been given the leadership of Mawbima Janata Party. [...] Political sources have stated that Mr. Dilith Jayaweera\u2019s aim is to run for the next presidential election.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sajith Violates Election Law by Holding a Welfare Program in a School !!", "evidence": "Daily on TV news (mainly Sirasa) we see Sajith Premadasa (SP) Sakwala \u0dc3\u0dd4\u0dc4\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dcf\u0dc3\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0dca (Smart School) programme donating some computer equipment to schools. A huge green banner with the Sakwala and Pathikada names and Sajith Premadasa Leader of the opposition title is shown daily. All the school children, Principal and staff, and parents attend the event lasting about two hours. Most of the time is covered by Sajith and other SJB politicians from the area making political speeches, About 10 minutes cover the opening of the computer lab. This event was supposed to be the 195th Sakwala program of \"donations\" [...] There is tremendous political benefit to Sajith from these events. To start with it is promoted as a school beneficial event and the school will ask the children to attend with their parents. It is held in a school hall and no cost is borne by Sajith for the event. In a normal political rally the politician must build or hire a stage and get the audience and incur significant cost. Here everything is free. Then the program is broadcast on Sirasa News or as a PATHIKADA (\u0db4\u0dd0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0da9). Complete free publicity and getting across his political message and attacking his opponents.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "In a letter to AKD, Sijeewa Senasinghe Said The Allegations They Made Against AKD Were Just Fabricated Stories and NOT Realities!!", "evidence": "The viral letter attributed to Sujeewa Senasinghe, claiming that the SJB is willing to cooperate with Anura Kumara Dissanayake and that their election criticisms, is fake. The SJB media unit has confirmed that no such letter was issued, and the viral document contains discrepancies that prove it is not genuine. Social media users are advised not to fall for this misleading information, which appears part of a disinformation campaign.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Kandy Dalada Perahera should be held Without Elephants - Harini Amarasuriya", "evidence": "A viral social media post claimed that Dr. Harini Amarasuriya, a National List MP of the National People\u2019s Power (NPP), made a statement calling the behaviour of the Diyawadana Nilame of the Temple of the Tooth Relic(Dalada Maligawa) \"disgusting\" and that legal steps have been taken against him. The date of the statement mentioned is 21st August. [...] Dalada Perahera: The final Randoli Perahera of the Dalada Perahera concluded on August 19th, marking the end of one of Sri Lanka's most significant cultural and religious events. This grand procession, held annually in Kandy, celebrates the sacred Tooth Relic housed in the Sri Dalada Maligawa. In the days surrounding this event, discussions and posts about the Dalada Perahera and Dalada Maligawa surged on social media and other platforms, reflecting the deep cultural and spiritual significance of the Perahera to the Sri Lankan people. These posts likely emerged in the context of the Perahera's conclusion, as the event garners widespread attention and devotion across the country. Read also: Dr Harini Amarasuriya Did NOT say Kandy Dalada Perahera should be held Without Elephants.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "All Tea Bags Contain Harmful Microplastics!!", "evidence": "Health risks posed by microplastics in tea bags: microplastic pollution \u2013 a truly global problem [...] Due to the potential health risks and negative impacts on the environment, the use of MPs in tea bags and other products is a major issue. In spite of the material\u2019s nonbiodegradability, polypropylene is frequently used in manufacturing tea bags. Given that tea bags are subjected to high temperatures during the brewing process, it is concerning that certain branded teas are offered in tea bags made from allegedly \u2018food grade\u2019 polymers, such as nylon3. In tea bags additionally available are fluorine compounds, arsenic, radium salt, aluminum, copper, lead, mercury, cadmium, barium, nitrates, and many more4. So you are sipping tea and consuming these dangerous substances in the same bag4. Tea bag plastics, which can take hundreds of years to decompose in nature, may fragment into particles that range in size from 1 \u00b5m to 5 mm, or MPs4. Instead of utilizing the conventional paper tea bags, tea makers now use plastic ones5. This is concerning since water is regularly heated to 95\u00b0C or more while making tea, and even \u2018food grade\u2019 plastics can break down or release harmful materials when heated over 40\u00b0C5. [...] Google Scholar 4. The Express Tribune. Study finds teabag contains nearly 13,000 microplastic particles. The Express Tribune. 2022. Accessed September 16, 2022. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2360293/study-finds-single-teabag-contains-nearly-13000-microplastic-particles", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "All Tea Bags Contain Harmful Microplastics!!", "evidence": "At ORGANIC INDIA, we believe in plastic-free tea bags to protect your body and the earth; and preserve the pure, organic tea experience that you deserve. Unfortunately, the industry norm is to include plastic in the mesh tea bag, which releases billions of microplastics and nanoplastics into your infusion. Consuming microplastics, as you can imagine, can have negative impacts on your health and on the earth. [...] Yes, but not all tea bags. The vast majority of brands on the shelves have mesh tea bags that are composed of 20-30% plastic. According to studies, a single standard tea bag releases 11.6 billion microplastics and 3.1 billion nanoplastics into every cup of tea. Consumers are increasingly becoming aware of this fact and opting either for loose teas, or selecting tea brands that have no plastic in the teabag. ORGANIC INDIA tea bags do not contain plastic, and are made instead of unbleached filter paper that is verified home compostable, biodegradable, Non-GMO, allergen-free and chemical-free. [...] In short, yes. Microplastics in tea bags can be harmful not only for the environment, but for human health as well. Microplastics may enter the human system through ingestion, inhalation or dermal absorption. Studies have shown that microplastics have potential to cause damage to the cells in the quantities currently found in food and beverages like tea. In addition to cell damage, regular consumption of microplastics may cause immune disruption, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity in the body.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Muttiah Muralitharan Lookalike Dancing on \u2018Tauba-Tauba\u2019", "evidence": "Muttiah Muralitharan's doppelganger is breaking the internet with his viral dance moves, leaving everyone thinking the cricket legend has hidden talents (Photo: X/Screengrab) [...] A video recently surfaced online that purportedly showed Sri Lankan cricket legend Muttiah Muralitharan executing the hook steps of the popular song \u2018Tauba Tauba\u2019 from Vicky Kaushal\u2019s latest film, 'Bad Newz'. The video rapidly went viral, leaving netizens astounded by the man\u2019s impressive dance moves. Viewers speculated that Muralitharan possessed hidden dance talents, as the individual in the video appeared to flawlessly replicate Vicky Kaushal's signature steps. [...] The viral video featuring Muralitharan\u2019s lookalike has only added to the buzz surrounding \u2018Tauba Tauba\u2019, further amplifying the song\u2019s popularity. As fans continue to enjoy and recreate the hook steps, the song remains a dance sensation across social media platforms, showing no signs of fading from the limelight.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "If Ranil Wins,I will be the PM - Ravi", "evidence": "Ravi Karunanayake Said That He Would Be Prime Minister if Ranil Wins the Upcoming Presidential Election? Find out the facts\u2026 [...] A series of posts that went viral among Facebook users claimed that Ravi Karunanayake, former minister and national secretary of the United National Party, had stated he would become the Prime Minister if Ranil Wickremesinghe, the current president, wins the upcoming presidential election. This purported claim had been created as an image resembling a newspaper report. [...] Title:Ravi Karunanayake Said That He Would Be Prime Minister if Ranil Wins the Upcoming Presidential Election? Find out the facts\u2026", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Fruits are successfully grown in empty lands in Thailand by simply dropping seeds out of vehicle windows !!", "evidence": "Thailand offers budding fruit lovers a vast choice when it comes to having a go at growing your own . . . But growing tropical fruits for the first time can be a daunting prospect for many. [...] If you have plenty of space and time to grow something a little bit more adventurous, take a look at the list below. All these fruits grow very well in Thailand and will give you a great crop.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Udeshika Prabodini, A Female Cricket Player Is Very Poor Financially !!", "evidence": "Probodhani was included in the squad for the first T20 World Cup in 2009 in England and has played in every T20 World Cup since [...] Udeshika Probodhani is a veteran of the team, having played in 69 T20Is from her debut against Pakistan in 2009 until January 30, 2020. [...] Alongside playing for Sri Lanka, Probodhani has also represented Colombo Cricket Club Women and Colts Cricket Club Women alongside Sri Lankan vice-captain Harshitha Madavi.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Nutella has the potential to cause cancer !!", "evidence": "Could Nutella really cause cancer? Here's what you need to know [...] Lovers of chocolate spread may have been shocked on Wednesday by news that an ingredient in Nutella could potentially cause cancer. Supermarkets in Italy have even begun removing some products from shelves that contain the offending ingredient - processed palm oil. But are people over-reacting or are the risks real? [...] In May, Coop, Italy\u2019s largest supermarket chain, pulled around 200 of its own-brand products from its shelves, because they contain refined palm oil, which some say may increase the risk of developing cancer. Nutella was not among the products removed.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Nutella has the potential to cause cancer !!", "evidence": "Nutella Fights Back Against Cancer Scare Concerns [...] Lovers of chocolate spread may have been shocked on Wednesday by news that an ingredient in Nutella could potentially cause cancer. Supermarkets in Italy have even begun removing some products from shelves that contain the offending ingredient - processed palm oil. But are people over-reacting or are the risks real?", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Nutella has the potential to cause cancer !!", "evidence": "Recently, people have become worried about the claim that Nutella, the popular chocolate-hazelnut spread, might cause cancer. This concern comes from the fact that Nutella contains refined palm oil. When palm oil is processed at high temperatures, it can create compounds that might cause cancer. Health authorities, like the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), have reported the risks of these compounds. This has led to public debate and questions about the safety of eating products with refined palm oil. We recently discovered a claim circulating on social media platforms, including Facebook and Instagram, alleging that Nutella, the popular hazelnut spread, has the potential to cause cancer. [...] Title:Does Nutella have the potential to cause cancer?", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Ranil Has Been Selected As ADB President !1", "evidence": "- ^ a b \"Ranil Wickremesinghe confirms presidential candidacy\". www.adaderana.lk. Archived from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved 21 August 2024. [...] - ^ \"Ranil to be sworn in as new President today\". Ada Derana. 21 July 2022. Archived from the original on 21 July 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022. [...] - ^ \"CWC to back President Ranil in presidential poll\". www.adaderana.lk. Archived from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved 21 August 2024.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Trump Plagiarize from \u201cLegally Blonde\u201d !!", "evidence": "Donald Trump appeared to rip off a speech from Legally Blonde while giving a talk to university students in the US. A hilarious mash-up video, made by The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, reveals striking similarities between Trump's words and the graduation speech given by Elle Woods at the end of the 2001 comedy film. [...] It's not the first time Trump has borrowed words from a film character.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Oatmeal is Unhealthy !!", "evidence": "Lately, social media has lit up with conflicting advice that is challenging some scrollers\u2019 long-held beliefs about the benefits of oatmeal. So, we\u2019re setting the record straight: Is oatmeal a healthy choice or not? We asked Elizabeth Hyde-Daddio, RD, a nutritionist at Northwell, to weigh in on different types of oatmeal, how to prepare it, and what nutritional value it provides. [...] In her professional view, rumors about any potential unhealthfulness of oatmeal are just that, and these social media theories can be disregarded. As with all food, however, Hyde-Daddio recommends being mindful of appropriate portion size as part of a healthy daily diet. [...] \"Sure, oatmeal could be unhealthy if you're putting all kinds of extra garbage in it\u2014then you might as well be having a sundae,\" she says. But when you choose minimally processed oatmeal and avoid added sugar, \"oatmeal is a great-for-you food.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Presidential Election of SL Will Be Held On September 28 or October 5 !!", "evidence": "The official date for the presidential election in Sri Lanka is Saturday, September 21, and nominations will be accepted on August 15. Any other dates circulating on social media are incorrect. We urge everyone to rely on official announcements and refrain from sharing unverified information.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "China Has Chosen A Design Inspired By The Palestinian Flag For The Paris Olympics 2024 !!", "evidence": "The Paris 2024 Olympic mascots are ... hats. Here's why [...] \"It's the French spirit that came to us, this French spirit that makes us a slightly out-of-the-ordinary nation,\" explained Paris 2024 Brand Director Julie Matikhine, in a video celebrating the mascots' unveiling. [...] For Paris 2024, it's a way to emphasize that despite differing appearances and events, athletes in the Olympics and Paralympics are just that: athletes.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "China Has Chosen A Design Inspired By The Palestinian Flag For The Paris Olympics 2024 !!", "evidence": "Made-in-China 'Phryges' toys are surprise mascots for Paris Olympics 2024 The 2024 Paris Olympic Games Committee on Monday unveiled the mascot for the international sporting event. Organisers hope to sell two million of these made-in-China toys in the shape of the 'Phrygian' cap, a symbol of the French republic and revolutionary spirit. [...] The Paris 2024 Olympics Games organisers defended the fact that the toy replicas of the mascot are almost all \"made in China\".", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Income Tax Refund Of Rs 15,490 Approved For Taxpayers !!", "evidence": "In conclusion, the viral message claiming an income tax refund of Rs 15,490 is a scam. Taxpayers in Sri Lanka and India should remain cautious and ensure they verify any such claims through official channels before sharing any personal information.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Electricity Bill To Be Reduced By 22.5% !!", "evidence": "Electricity tariffs in Sri Lanka will be reduced overall by 22.5% from Tuesday (July 16). Chairman of the Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL), Prof. Manjula Fernando said domestic tariff has been reduced by 27%. [...] Reduced from Rs.30 to Rs.18 - 91-120 units :", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "A Japanese journalist found i phone 13 in 1980 !!", "evidence": "Fact Crescendo found the claim as mentioned above is misleading. These visuals are originally from the Japanese series \u201cThe Woman Who Knew Too Much,\u201d which was produced in 2023.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Salaries for state workers should be increased to Rs. 1000. - JVP", "evidence": "\u2018Estate workers to be paid Rs.1,000 from March 1\u2019 Responding to a question posed by JVP MP Anura Kumara Dissanayake on whether the estate workers would be paid Rs.1,000 from March 1 as declared by President Gotabaya Rajapaksa, Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa said that the plantation companies had agreed to pay the increased wage. [...] \"Estate sector workers will get Rs.1,000 from March 1. The companies have agreed and they will pay,\" the Prime Minister said.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Russia Declares War Against The USA!!", "evidence": "The claim that Russia has declared war against the USA is unfounded and incorrect. The rhetoric from Russian officials reflects escalating tensions but does not amount to a declaration of war. Social media users should be cautious about misinterpreting or amplifying such statements without verifying the facts through reliable sources.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "EMF Radiation From Wi-Fi Routers Effects On Plant Growth And Human Health !!", "evidence": "Fact Checked By G. Rashmitha Diwyanjalee Concerns about the impact of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) radiation from Wi-Fi routers on both plant growth and human health have gained attention recently. Claims that Wi-Fi radiation can inhibit plant growth and pose health risks to humans need to be scrutinized. This article investigates the validity of these claims [\u2026] [...] Concerns about the impact of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) radiation from Wi-Fi routers on both plant growth and human health have gained attention recently. Claims that Wi-Fi radiation can inhibit plant growth and pose health risks to humans need to be scrutinized. This article investigates the validity of these claims by examining scientific studies and expert opinions. [...] The evidence suggests that EMF radiation from Wi-Fi routers can have some impact on plant growth, as demonstrated in several studies. However, the extent of this impact varies, and more research is needed to draw definitive conclusions. As for human health, while there are concerns about potential risks, most studies and expert reviews, including those by ICNIRP, indicate that typical exposure levels from Wi-Fi routers are unlikely to cause significant harm.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "EMF Radiation From Wi-Fi Routers Effects On Plant Growth And Human Health !!", "evidence": "Martin Pall, PhD (2018) has written thorough review of 23 controlled scientific studies on non-thermal Wi-Ft radiation and health related effects in animals, human cells and in humans. He documents sperm/testicular damage, neuropsychiatric abnormalities with EEG changes, endocrine changes, oxidative stress, cellular DNA, ptosis (cell death) and calcium overload. He notes that pulsed waves, which are typically used in wireless devices are much more damaging to cellular structures and effects are non-linear meaning there is not a typical dose response curve. Dr Pall also highlights research showing these effects can be cumulative and irreversible. [...] Plants Wi-Fi Radiation Effects - Radiofrequency radiations induced genotoxic and carcinogenic effects on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) root tip cells.(2017) Qureshi ST et al. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. Published online Feb 11, 2017. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X16000589 - Review: Weak radiofrequency radiation exposure from mobile phone radiation on plants. (2016) Halgamuge MN. Electromagn Biol Med. 2016 Sep 20:1-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27650031?dopt=Abstract - Influence of microwave frequency electromagnetic radiation on terpene emission and content in aromatic plants. (2014) Soran ML et al. J Plant Physiol. 2014 Jul 8;171(15):1436-1443. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25050479 - Effects of olive leave extract on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress induced by 2.45 GHz WIFI signals. (2013) Salah MB et al. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2013;36(3):826\u201334. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23994945", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cSarwajana Balaya Movement\u201d Has Decided To Support National People\u2019s Power (NPP)", "evidence": "Hettiarachchi said the March 12 Movement had already invited President Ranil Wickremesinghe, Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB) leader Sajith Premadasa, National People\u2019s Power (NPP) leader, Anura Kumara Dissanayake, Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) candidate Namal Rajapaksa, Sarwa Jana Balaya candidate Dilith Jayaweera and common Tamil candidate P. Ariyanethran.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !!", "evidence": "Which Countries Don't Have Rivers? There are 19 countries that do not have a river flowing within them. [...] Saudi Arabia is the biggest sovereign nation in the Middle East and the fifth largest Asian state. It is the biggest nation in the world without a river. It is also the only country with both the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea coasts. A considerable part of Saudi Arabia is made up of mountains, lowlands, and arid desert. Even though Saudi Arabia does not have permanent rivers, it has several wadis. Wadis are intermittently or permanently dry river beds. The supply of water in the country is characterized by a crucial investment in water distribution, seawater desalination and wastewater and sewerage treatment.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !!", "evidence": "A post is being shared on social media claiming that Saudi Arabia is the only country in the world that does not have a river flowing within it. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. Claim: Saudi Arabia is the only country not having a permanent river flowing within it. Fact: A significant number of desert countries including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, Libya, Yemen and a few very small islands and states like the Bahamas, Malta and Monaco do not have permanent rivers flowing within them. Saudi Arabia is not the only country that does not have a permanent river. Hence, the claim made in the post is MISLEADING.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !!", "evidence": "The Facebook page Elon Musk Official Pager is calling on users to take part in its \"biggest\" Bitcoin giveaway. [...] The \"Elon Musk Bitcoin giveaway\" is a scam that has affected thousands of people across the world. [...] According to a Coin Market Cap report, the \"Elon Musk\" crypto giveaway scam made at least $587,000 from unsuspecting people in 2022. Coin Market Cap is a price tracking website for cryptocurrencies.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !!", "evidence": "The fake \"Elon Musk\u2019s Official Bitcoin & Ethereum Giveaway\" websites promote a supposedly exclusive giveaway event where Elon Musk is distributing free BTC or ETH to participants. The sites encourage users to visit a provided website, follow instructions, and double the ammount of crypto that is sent. [...] The ultimate goal of the \"Elon Musk\u2019s Official Bitcoin & Ethereum Giveaway\" scam is to profit from stealing cryptocurrency and personal information from victims. [...] The \"Elon Musk\u2019s Official Bitcoin & Ethereum Giveaway\" scam websites prey on unsuspecting cryptocurrency users with promises of free coins. They aim to profit off stealing funds and information from victims lured in by the fraudulent offers.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !!", "evidence": "The claims that Elon Musk is giving away Bitcoin and Ethereum are fraudulent. These scams use deceptive tactics to trick people into believing they can receive free cryptocurrency. It is essential to verify the legitimacy of such claims and avoid engaging with suspicious websites or groups. Always refer to official channels for accurate information regarding Elon Musk and his businesses.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Posting No-Consent Message Prevents Meta From Using Your Content For AI Training", "evidence": "It added that users have \"rights related to how [your] information is used for AI at Meta,\" providing a link to a support page for 'Data Subject Rights.' [...] However, there was no option to completely opt out of, or give consent for data usage for AI model training. [...] Conclusion: Posting about not allowing Meta to use your posts and content to train its AI models does not effectively prohibit the company from doing so.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Letter On Sajith\u2019s Participation In ITN`s Debate With Anura !!", "evidence": "The letter purportedly written by Sajith to Anura, suggesting June 31st as a debate date, is fake. [...] Meanwhile, a letter is circulating on social media purportedly from the opposition leader responding to Anura Kumara. The letter claims that Sajith Premadasa expresses willingness to engage in a debate. However, he clarifies that he cannot accommodate the proposed dates in May due to prior commitments involving discussions with global economic experts. Premadasa suggests June 31st as a suitable date for the debate with Anura Kumara. [...] Title:The letter purportedly written by Sajith to Anura, suggesting June 31st as a debate date, is fake.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk Has Publicly Stated He Was Shocked From Hearing Hadunneththi`S Allegations", "evidence": "Elon Musk has publicly endorsed an antisemitic conspiracy theory popular among White supremacists: that Jewish communities push \"hatred against Whites.\" That kind of overt thumbs up to an antisemitic post shocked even some of Musk\u2019s critics, who have long called him out for using racist or otherwise bigoted dog whistles on Twitter, now known as X. It was the multibillionaire\u2019s most explicit public statement yet endorsing anti-Jewish views.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Walmart Has Returned To 24-Hour Operations!", "evidence": "This rumor is unfounded. Walmart isn\u2019t resuming 24-hour operations. Walmart ceased 24-hour operations after the coronavirus pandemic started in 2020, adjusting its store hours to 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. local time. [...] \"Walmart has announced starting June 3rd all locations in the U.S. will go back to 24hrs,\" a May 29 Facebook post said.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Piyumi Wijesekera\u2019s Was Selected to a NASA\u2019s Mars Mission !!", "evidence": "Sri Lanka\u2019s Piyumi Wijesekara among new NASA crew for next simulated Mars journey [...] Sri Lanka\u2019s Piyumi Wijesekera has been selected as one of NASA\u2019s four new volunteer crew members for a simulated mission to Mars, taking place within a habitat at the agency\u2019s Johnson Space Centre in Houston. [...] This crew marks the second group of volunteers to participate in a simulated Mars mission in HERA this year, with two more missions planned before the end of 2024. Piyumi Wijesekera, a postdoctoral research scientist at NASA Ames Research Centre in California\u2019s Silicon Valley, specializes in developing tissue models to study the effects of spaceflight stressors on the human respiratory system.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Piyumi Wijesekera\u2019s Was Selected to a NASA\u2019s Mars Mission !!", "evidence": "- ^ \"NASA selects Piyumi Wijesekara among four volunteers in simulated mission to Mars\". www.msn.com. Retrieved 2024-04-23. - ^ \"Sri Lanka's Piyumi Wijesekara among NASA's new crew for next simulated Mars journey\". www.adaderana.lk. Retrieved 2024-04-23. - ^ \"Sri Lanka's Piyumi Wijesekara among new NASA crew for next simulated Mars journey | Daily FT\". www.ft.lk. Retrieved 2024-04-23.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Piyumi Wijesekera\u2019s Was Selected to a NASA\u2019s Mars Mission !!", "evidence": "Piyumi Wijesekera is not currently selected to go on an actual Mars mission. She is participating in a simulated mission as part of NASA\u2019s research to prepare for future deep space exploration. The social media posts suggesting otherwise are inaccurate and misleading.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The humans are carnivorous species !!", "evidence": "Humans are not carnivores. Humans are omnivorous animal species. But with the evolution of the change in diet patterns, humans have faced the problem of gaining weight and more stored fat with modern lifestyle. A carnivorous diet is not the solution to controlling this issue. Having a balanced diet with all the nutrients will be the best option.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The humans are carnivorous species !!", "evidence": "Exp\u00f3sito-Granados M, Castro A, Lozano J, Aznar-Sanchez J, Carter N, Requena-Mullor J et al (2019) Human-carnivore relations: conflicts, tolerance and coexistence in the American West. Environ Res Lett 14(12):123005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5485 [...] Lozano J, Olsza\u0144sk A, Morales-Reyes Z, Castro AA, Malo AF, Mole\u00f3n M, S\u00e1nchez-Zapata JA, Cort\u00e9s-Avizanda A, von Wehrden H, Dorresteijn I, Kansky R, Fischer J, Mart\u00edn-L\u00f3peza B (2019) Human-carnivore relations: a systematic review. Biol Conserv 237:480\u2013492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.07.002", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A scene of Sri Lankan passengers of an overcrowded train in the morning ,on 15th June,2022 !!", "evidence": "Scenes of an over-crowded train on 15th June? (PHOTO) Find out the facts\u2026\ufffc [...] Is this really the scenery a railway station in Sri Lanka on the morning of June 15, 2022? We decided to find out the facts behind this image. [...] Title:Scenes of an over-crowded train on 15th June? (PHOTO) Find out the facts\u2026", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Dasun Shanaka was selected for CSK !!", "evidence": "Dasun Shanaka Has Joined Gujarat Titans, Was NOT selected for CSK! [...] CSK has not picked Dasun Shanaka; he is replacing the injured player Kane Williamson in the Gujarat Titans squad for IPL 2023. [...] Title:Dasun Shanaka Was Picked Up by Gujarat Titans, not by CSK!", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Astronaut Buzz Aldrin Said The Moon Landing Was Fake", "evidence": "Fact Crescendo Cambodia found that the video clip and the claim on the above Facebook page are misleading. In fact, in the full video, Astronaut Buzz Aldrin described stories of his moon experiences in the entire video, and there was no point in the video depicting what he claimed or admitting that the moon landing was fake at all. There is plenty of evidence that the moon landing indeed did occur.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Biden going to declare and activate the Selective Service Act and begins drafting 20 years old to war!!", "evidence": "A Twitter video claims to show Biden announcing a national draft. The video opens with President Joe Biden allegedly announcing the activation of the Selective Service Act and then switches to Jack Posobiec, a far-right commentator, commenting on the clip. [...] The video was also posted by The Post Millennial in a tweet. \"AI imagines what would happen if Biden declares and activates the Selective Service Act and begins drafting 20 years old to war,\" its caption reads. AI imagines what would happen if Biden declares and activates the Selective Service Act and begins drafting 20 years old to war pic.twitter.com/896Htrtteu \u2014 The Post Millennial (@TPostMillennial) February 27, 2023", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Biden going to declare and activate the Selective Service Act and begins drafting 20 years old to war!!", "evidence": "In this clip, Biden seemingly announces that he is reinstating the military draft for both men and women in order to help Ukraine's military. [...] \"AI imagines what would happen if Biden declares and activates the Selective Service Act and begins drafting 20 years old to war,\" the caption said. [...] Furthermore, the contents of the speech are both inaccurate and misleading. First, the fake Biden suggests that he can invoke the Selective Service Act under his presidential authority.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Biden going to declare and activate the Selective Service Act and begins drafting 20 years old to war!!", "evidence": "In conclusion, the claim that President Biden announced plans to activate the Selective Service Act in response to threats from Russia and Iran, with specific reference to the year 2023, is not supported by credible sources, official statements, or legal processes. It is essential to rely on accurate and verified information from reputable sources when assessing the validity of such claims. This claim appears to be a piece of fabricated or AI-generated content without any basis.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Canada Has Banned RSS !", "evidence": "Canadian government has banned RSS and has issued orders to its workers to leave Canada. pic.twitter.com/A0iOWIaxtW\u2014 Ashfaq Hassan (@BrigAshfaqHasan) September 23, 2023 [...] \"This is called Nation State. Canadian government has banned RSS and has issued orders to its workers to leave Canada,\" the X video\u2019s caption purports. The video has been viewed over 5,000 times. The video purports to show a Canadian government official discussing the ban. [...] Likewise, Check Your Fact found no credible news reports suggesting the Canadian government had banned RSS and issued orders to its workers to leave Canada. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau also has not publicly announced the purported ban via his website or verified social media accounts.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sri Lankan Government Distributing Free Solar Panels To The General Public !!", "evidence": "COLOMBO (News 1st): The Ministry of Power has planned to provide free solar panels to low-income earners. [...] \"Moreover, around Rs. 1500 will be paid to those who receive the 5W solar panels. They could earn around Rs. 10,000 after about 10-years,\" Minister Lokuge added. [...] \"The programme will be initially launched with solar panels installed at one house per Grama Niladhari Division, meaning 14,000 houses will receive free solar panels under the initial stage of the programme,\" Minister Gamini Lokuge said.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Is 5G Radiation Harmful And Lethal For Birds And Humans?", "evidence": "Impact of 5G technology on human and animal health 28.2.2020 [...] While 5G networks will certainly offer a much faster internet connection, many are wondering whether the technology poses a health risk. The radiation from 5G mobile phones might be harmful for animals and birds too; for example, high-frequency electromagnetic waves are said to alter insects\u2019 body temperatures and impair their ability to orient themselves. [...] - 1.What is the Commission\u2019s assessment of the dangers that the 5G technology due to be deployed in the EU poses for human and animal health?", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Milk Powder Prices will be reduced from midnight today !! (September 25)", "evidence": "Prices of imported milk powder will be reduced from this week, Minister of Trade, Commerce and Food Security Nalin Fernando announced today. Minister Nalin Fernando said that the prices of imported milk powder will be reduced between Rs.100 \u2013 Rs.150 per kilo.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Heated Argument Between Mark Zuckerberg And Elon Musk Over Meta Platforms\u2019 Outage", "evidence": "Following a recent outage of Meta Platforms' services, including Facebook, Instagram, Threads, and Messenger, speculation emerged on social media platforms about a heated argument between Mark Zuckerberg and Elon Musk. In reality, a parody account impersonating Zuckerberg engaged in a conversation with Musk on a certain platform, claiming responsibility for the outage. However, it's crucial to distinguish between parody and reality and verify the authenticity of such claims. Social media posts circulating in Sri Lanka suggest that a heated argument occurred between Mark Zuckerberg and Elon Musk concerning the recent outage of Meta Platforms' services. According to these posts, Zuckerberg engaged in a conversation with Musk, who responded sarcastically regarding the outage. [...] In conclusion, there is no substantiated evidence to support the claim of a heated argument between Mark Zuckerberg and Elon Musk regarding the outage of Meta Platforms' services. The interaction between a parody account impersonating Zuckerberg and Elon Musk on social media does not reflect a real altercation between the two individuals. Without credible sources or verifiable evidence, the claim remains unsubstantiated and should be treated with skepticism. It's essential to rely on reputable sources and factual information when assessing such claims.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Heated Argument Between Mark Zuckerberg And Elon Musk Over Meta Platforms\u2019 Outage", "evidence": "In conclusion, there is no substantiated evidence to support the claim of a heated argument between Mark Zuckerberg and Elon Musk regarding the outage of Meta Platforms' services. The interaction between a parody account impersonating Zuckerberg and Elon Musk on social media does not reflect a real altercation between the two individuals. Without credible sources or verifiable evidence, the claim remains unsubstantiated and should be treated with skepticism. It's essential to rely on reputable sources and factual information when assessing such claims.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Drone-Operated Mobile Toilets In China!", "evidence": "China\u2019s Toilet Revolution is a prime example of the paradox of innovation in public service delivery. It has shown how centralized innovation planning can achieve an unparalleled degree of digital transformation, improving every aspect of service from user access to maintenance. However, such innovation has also proven to be a distraction from the key interests of the population it is expected to serve. [...] Although China\u2019s Toilet Revolution has received positive reviews overall, a few problems have exposed underlying issues with its top-down program approach. [...] China\u2019s Toilet Revolution experience is one of a kind. Quite unusually, this is a case where the expansion in physical infrastructure is preceded and aided by the rapid advance of digital infrastructure in the country. It was also undertaken in a highly centralized political environment which enabled a high level of efficiency in policy implementation. However, China\u2019s experience does offer lessons to developing countries at comparable stages of development. Digitalization and centralization of sanitation services management is a vital enabler for innovation and reform. At the same time, implementation needs to be better conceived. To improve the rural component of the program, governments needs to reform their subsidy structure to account not only for the toilet but also the full list of capital and maintenance expenditure items. The exact rollout needs to be planned with respect to local income level, water, and climate conditions and subject to villagers\u2019 consent. Further, there is a need to incorporate affordability and usage data into program evaluation.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Drone-Operated Mobile Toilets In China!", "evidence": "AI-Generated Images Viral as Drone-Operated Mobile Toilets in China! [...] We first checked whether any mainstream media reported that China had recently carried out a drone-operated toilet of this kind. But we did not see such reports. [...] Title:AI-Generated Images Viral as Drone-Operated Mobile Toilets in China!", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Facebook Decided To Charge For Social Media Usage From All Users!", "evidence": "In February 2023, a claim began to spread on social media platforms that Facebook would begin charging $4.99 per month to use the platform. [...] So now there doing it, we just seen on Channel 13 News that Facebook is charging all user's starting Monday. You can do a opt-out by this. Hold your fingers over and copy, it can't be a share they will know: I do not give permission to Facebook to charge 4.99$ a month to my account, also; all my picture's are property of myself and not Facebook. So now there doing it, we just seen on Channel 13 News that Facebook is charging all user's starting Monday. You can do a opt-out by this. Hold your fingers over and copy, it can't be a share they will know:", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "China Is Not Ready To Amortize SL\u2019s Outstanding Debt!(letter)", "evidence": "Crisis-hit Sri Lanka asks China to restructure its debt The president of crisis-hit Sri Lanka has asked China to restructure its debt repayments as part of efforts to help the South Asian country navigate its worsening financial situation. [...] China is Sri Lanka's fourth biggest lender, behind international financial markets, the Asian Development Bank and Japan.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Okapathana College- A School Located In Rathnapura District,Sri Lanka", "evidence": "Okapathana College: Satire in a Digital Age & the Complexity of Audience Response [...] Confirmation from Education Department: The Sabaragamuwa Province Education Department, which oversees schools in the Rathnapura district, confirmed that Okapathana Vidyala is not situated in any location under its jurisdiction. [...] There is no verifiable evidence to support the existence of Okapathana Vidyala or a village named Okapathana in Rathnapura, Sri Lanka. Claims circulating on social media about students' achievements from this purported school, including the creation of satellites, robots, etc., appear unfounded and should be treated with skepticism. It is essential to rely on credible sources and conduct thorough fact-checking before accepting or sharing information, especially regarding extraordinary and sensationalised claims.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Tyson Foods Teamed Up With Protix To Create Insect Protein for Humans !!", "evidence": "While Tyson Foods' partnership with Protix involves producing insect-based food products, these are intended for animal consumption and not for humans. Contrary to social media claims, there is no indication that Tyson Foods and Protix are collaborating to introduce insects into processed foods meant for human consumption. However, it's worth noting that edible insects can be a sustainable protein source for humans when adequately prepared and regulated.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Zelensky Tell World Leaders To Spend All Their Money On Weapons To Attack Russia!!", "evidence": "Zelenskyy: I say [to] such person from government or mayors: Think about the war, think about how to defend our people. Don't travel through the world each day, travel to the front line. Ask people, ask soldiers what they need. Do this, not build roads for today. Don't do it. Spend all your money to the weapon, to the drones, to the society, to the pensions and et cetera. And don't cry. Because you are leaders and that's it. That's why, that's why we are and we stayed because mostly people are not crying. People stay and fight against Putin. And we don't have any enemies in our country. We can't have time for this and we don't have it. We have only one enemy, this is Putin, and that's it. So, in response to Baier's fourth question Zelenskyy did say, \"Do this, not build roads for today. Don't do it. Spend all your money to the weapon, to the drones, to the society, to the pensions and et cetera. [...] We have only one enemy, this is Putin, [...].\" However, his remarks weren't directed at Western countries or Western leaders, but instead at the Ukrainian leaders who had criticized him.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Pipe Water In Colombo Not Suitable For Consumption, Due To Chlorine Shortage And Purification Issues", "evidence": "This present situation of pollution of these waters is causing serious problems for large populations in many of these districts. The water supply to Colombo, Gampaha and Kalutara is being supervised by the National Water Supply and Drainage Board, but in other districts people have to use the unclean water directly from these sources, without any protection or monitoring [...] The response by the government of Sri Lanka concerning the unsafe water and related health problem needs to be urgent and comprehensive. It needs to immediately address the problem at its source by effectively regulating, monitoring and reducing the use of toxic chemicals that enter the water system, both through the industrial and agricultural sectors. It also needs to extend its safe drinking water services to cover the entire population. It needs to improve the health services it provides to cater for the growing number of persons requiring long-term health treatment for chronic kidney disease. It also needs to engage in campaign of public information in order to provide grater disease prevention and protection for vulnerable groups and the wider population. The Asian Legal Resource Centre urges the Independent Expert on human rights, water and sanitation and other relevant Special Procedures to monitor this situation closely and provide recommendations to the government of Sri Lanka to assist it in resolving this problem before it worsens further.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "An Organized Criminal Group Posing As Government Officials For TIN Registration in Sri Lanka!", "evidence": "No Evidence of An Organized Criminal Group Posing as Government Officials for TIN Registration! [...] Our search for media reports on the claimed organised group posing as government officials for TIN registration yielded no relevant results. There were no credible news articles or reports supporting the social media claims. [...] Title:No Evidence of An Organized Criminal Group Posing as Government Officials for TIN Registration !", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The research unit of Akuressa Coop, led by NPP, has developed a novel wood apple mixed chocolate product !!", "evidence": "A viral social media post claims that the research unit of Akuressa Coop, led by NPP, has developed a novel wood apple mixed chocolate product. [...] Contrary to the misleading social media posts, there is no evidence linking Akuressa Coop or NPP to Dilumge's woodapple chocolate. The Chairman of Akuressa Coop confirms that they have not produced any such chocolate product. Akuressa Coop has not produced such a product, and the misinformation disassociates Dilumge from the credit he deserves. [...] Title:Innovative Wood apple Chocolate Products by Suchindra Dilumge, Not Linked to Akuressa Co-op or NPP", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Beware Of Hoax WhatsApp Message Asking To Register For Free Laptops Offered By The Government\u2026", "evidence": "A viral WhatsApp message asking you to apply for Students Laptop Scheme 2024 is a scam; there is no official announcement or information from any government or educational authority about such a scheme. A viral WhatsApp message claiming to offer students free laptops through the \"Students Laptop Scheme 2024\" is a hoax. [...] 211 Check has found out that the viral WhatsApp message claiming to offer free laptops to students through a government scheme for 2024 is a hoax. There is no legitimate information or official announcement about such a scheme, and the website linked in the message is likely a ploy to collect personal information fraudulently.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Beware Of Hoax WhatsApp Message Asking To Register For Free Laptops Offered By The Government\u2026", "evidence": "To avoid falling for the scam, WhatsApp users should follow the Stop, Think, Call method. [...] They are targeting the vulnerable IF YOU HAVE A VULNERABLE RELATIVE, FRIEND OR NEIGHBOUR PLEASE WARN THEM. [...] Don\u2019t fall for their tricks.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Mount Everest During Winter !!", "evidence": "The viral image on social media does not depict the world\u2019s tallest mountain peak, Mt.Everest. It is a slightly modified version of a photo captured by Greg Von Doersten on a glacier area in Haines, Alaska.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Since President RW Assumed Office In July 2022, Sri Lanka Has NOT Repaid Foreign Loans !!", "evidence": "The claims circulating on social media about Sri Lanka halting debt payments since July 2022 are inaccurate. The Ministry of Finance\u2019s data confirms that significant debt repayments have been made, totaling nearly US$ 2 billion from mid-2022 to early 2024. The government continues to manage its financial obligations despite economic challenges.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A Rat Moved On The Space X Falcon 9 Engine On Its Way To Space", "evidence": "One can observe what looks something like a rat moving around the side of the second-stage rocket nozzle. [...] Under the acceleration of the rocket, the path along the narrowing crescent, in the direction the \"rat\" moves, is slightly \"downhill\". An object caught there would bounce around slightly with the vibration of the engine, and at some point could start migrating down along the arc of the manifold. Incidentally, in the absence of much, much more evidence, suggestions that this is a live rat on a filming set at low altitude, and that SpaceX's launch videos are faked, are not credible to me. Commercial, profit-driven corporations appear to give SpaceX a great deal of money to put expensive things into orbit. If you want me to believe that's not what's going on, the explanation needs to be simpler than my bouncing debris hypothesis.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "We don't have experience in Building the Country- Harini Amarasooriya", "evidence": "A bastion of authoritarian political men and policies took the country into issuing risky international sovereign bonds with a global financial architecture stacked against the global South. Add to that potent mix corruption amongst the political classes, vested business interests and structural failures in the economy, where (green) manufacturing was not promoted and the country\u2019s populace is addicted to unaffordable imports. The debt crisis did not happen in a year or two but was decades in the making, with structural conditions unaddressed. It is, as Amarasuiriya, sassily quipped: \"We don\u2019t have experience in bankrupting the country but we will gain experience in building the country\", when asked about the common criticism levied against the NPP on its lack of experience. [...] Amarasuriya is a member of the Progressive Women\u2019s Collective, part of the NPP, with clear aspirations for working class women in the country even as she is conscious that feminist politics is not about pigeon-holing herself as the spokesperson for a narrow women\u2019s caucus. Her feminist perspectives, too, came under attack when a self-made businessman, having lost his bid at the presidential election (as a Communist Party candidate), condemned Amarasuriya via social media for her \"external\" views and lifestyle: a dangerous woman, without saying as much.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Climate Change is a tool used for Depopulation!!", "evidence": "In conclusion, the viral Facebook post accompanied by a video captioned \"Depopulation, Climate Change, and Weather Weapons :: 'Climate Change' is the Depopulation Agenda #Agenda2030\" raises concerns about potential misinformation. The video attempts to establish a connection between climate change, depopulation initiatives, and the utilization of weather weapons as part of a secretive agenda. This assertion claims that climate change is orchestrated deliberately to further a depopulation agenda, utilizing advanced technologies to manipulate weather patterns. Given the intricate and contentious nature of these topics, it is essential to critically analyze the presented information and assess its accuracy.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Climate Change is a tool used for Depopulation!!", "evidence": "Climate change and rural depopulation are changing the ecological and hydrological cycles in China. Data on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), temperature, precipitation, streamflow, sediment and rural population are available for the Gan River basin from 1981 to 2017. We investigated the spatio-temporal variations in climate, human activity and vegetation mainly using the Mann\u2013Kendall test and examined their relationship using the Granger causality test. The results showed that (1) the temperature markedly increased in all seasons; (2) the precipitation increased in summer and winter but decreased in spring and autumn; (3) overall, the NDVI increased markedly during 2005\u20132017, but showed seasonal differences, with decreases in summer and winter and increases in spring and autumn; (4) the annual sediment transport showed a significant decreasing trend and (5) a large number of the population shifted from rural to urban areas, resulting in a decrease in the rural population between 1998 and 2018. Rural depopulation has brought about farmland abandonment, conversion of farmland to forests, which was the factor driving the recovery of the vegetation and the decrease in sediment. The results of this study can provide support for climate change adaptation and sustainable development.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The CID Arrested The President Of The Kelaniya Student Union At the Airport !", "evidence": "The individual arrested in connection with the 2022 freshman harassment incident on the University of Kelaniya campus was Sanjay Hettimulla, a student activist, not Kalum Mudannayake, the convenor of the University of Kelaniya Student Union. This confirmation was provided by Police Media Spokesperson Mr. Nihal Talduwa.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The CID Arrested The President Of The Kelaniya Student Union At the Airport !", "evidence": "Kelum Mudannayake, the president of the Kelaniya University Students' Union, has been apprehended by the Public Complaints Division of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) following his alleged involvement in a recent incident of ragging at the university. According to police sources, Mudannayake had been evading police prior to his arrest.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The CID Arrested The President Of The Kelaniya Student Union At the Airport !", "evidence": "The Kelaniya University Students\u2019 Union President has been arrested by the Thalangama Police along with another student leader, after appearing before the Thalangama Police yesterday (2). [...] Attorney-at-Law Nuwan Bopage stated that the two student union leaders have been charged with allegedly damaging a gate during a protest, which was held near the Ministry of Education. The arrested students include Kelaniya University Students\u2019 Union President Kelum Mudannayake and student union representative Dilshan Harshana, according to Police.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "US Ambassador Julie Chung Has Been Recalled To Washington !!", "evidence": "Julie Jiyoon Chung (Korean: \uc904\ub9ac \uc815, birth 1973[2]), birth name as Chung Ji-yoon (Korean: \uc815\uc9c0\uc724; Hanja: \u912d\u667a\u5141),[4][5][3] is a Korean-American diplomat who has served as the United States Ambassador to Sri Lanka since 2022. She previously served as Acting Assistant Secretary and Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for the United States Department of State's Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs (WHA).[1] Her first overseas assignment was in Guangzhou, China. Chung has later served in several posts in Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Colombia and Iraq.[1] [...] In August 2014, Chung was assigned to be the Deputy Chief of Mission (DCM) for the Embassy Phnom Penh.[8] In August 2017, she was transferred back to the U.S. to serve as the Director for the Office of Japanese Affairs (EAP/J).[10] and served as Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary from February\u2013September 2018. From November 2018 to January 2021 she served as the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary in the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs.[1] [...] US Ambassador Julie Chung has been accused by Sri Lankan parliamentarian, former minister Mr. Wimal Weerawansa of being involved in a conspiracy to overthrow former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and his government. These allegations were made in Mr. Weerawansa's book, \"Navaya: Sengawunu Kathawa\" (Nine: The Hidden Story), and were also referenced during his speech at the book's launch on April 25, 2023.[14]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "US Ambassador Julie Chung Has Been Recalled To Washington !!", "evidence": "US Ambassador Julie Chung Has Not Been Recalled to Washington \u2013 US Embassy in Colombo [...] Furthermore, the US Embassy in Colombo confirms that the US Department of State had not taken any decision to recall Ambassador Julie Chung to Washington, and the Tweet is entirely fake. [...] Title:US Ambassador Julie Chung Has Not Been Recalled to Washington \u2013 US Embassy in Colombo", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Is This A Soldier Using A Modern Mobile Phone During World War II? Check Out The Truth\u2026", "evidence": "Our fact check reveals that the image of the German soldier in a World War II uniform, carrying a modern mobile phone was actually taken during the filming of a six-part mini-series called Boh\u00e9ma about the film industry in Czechoslovakia from 1938 to 1953 in the year 2016.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "New Phone Scam in Which Criminals Can Access Your Phone Data Once You Call Back a Number From A Missed Call !!", "evidence": "It can be tricky because many real banks have a similar system. And, Balasubramaniyan says, fear does kick in. He recalls a big scam in 2014 in which criminals pretended to be the IRS calling to collect back taxes. (The agency says the scam is still going on.) If you wanted to call back or have time to talk to your spouse before paying over the phone, the fraudster wouldn't let you go. [...] Company researchers estimate 1 in every 2,200 calls is a fraud attempt. And they've observed an interesting detail about the fraudulent 1-877 numbers. If you call back from your phone \u2014 which the criminals dialed \u2014 you get the prompt to enter personal data. If you call back from somewhere else, you get \"this number has been deactivated.\" So a regulator or police officer that's trying to crack down will think, incorrectly, it's out of commission. Once the criminal ring scrapes enough information on you, it has humans call your financial institution. Banks and credit card companies hire Pindrop to help them detect fraud.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The Oppenheimer Actor, Cillian Murphy, Corrected Prince Harry On His Nationality !!", "evidence": "A viral video of Cillian Murphy speaking to Prince Harry at the UK premiere of Dunkirk has been altered. The original footage shows only a brief interaction between the two. The audio in the viral clip was taken from a separate interview with Murphy and Tom Hardy for the movie Inception.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Alien Found In Mexico A Cake !!", "evidence": "Mexico's alien corpse actually a cake? Baker's post goes viral on social media", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Bluetooth headphones emit the EMF wave that increases cancer risk !!", "evidence": "The claim that the EMF wave in Bluetooth devices increases cancer risk is misleading since it lacks established evidence about the connection between Bluetooth headphones usage and cancer risk. Moreover, many guaranteed reports and Scientific studies have confirmed that Bluetooth headphones have no links to cancer risk.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Bluetooth headphones emit the EMF wave that increases cancer risk !!", "evidence": "Systematic review of wireless phone use and brain cancer and other head tumors - PMID: 22021071 - DOI: 10.1002/bem.20716 [...] We conducted a systematic review of scientific studies to evaluate whether the use of wireless phones is linked to an increased incidence of the brain cancer glioma or other tumors of the head (meningioma, acoustic neuroma, and parotid gland), originating in the areas of the head that most absorb radiofrequency (RF) energy from wireless phones. Epidemiology and in vivo studies were evaluated according to an agreed protocol; quality criteria were used to evaluate the studies for narrative synthesis but not for meta-analyses or pooling of results. The epidemiology study results were heterogeneous, with sparse data on long-term use (\u2265 10 years). Meta-analyses of the epidemiology studies showed no statistically significant increase in risk (defined as P < 0.05) for adult brain cancer or other head tumors from wireless phone use. Analyses of the in vivo oncogenicity, tumor promotion, and genotoxicity studies also showed no statistically significant relationship between exposure to RF fields and genotoxic damage to brain cells, or the incidence of brain cancers or other tumors of the head. Assessment of the review results using the Hill criteria did not support a causal relationship between wireless phone use and the incidence of adult cancers in the areas of the head that most absorb RF energy from the use of wireless phones. There are insufficient data to make any determinations about longer-term use (\u2265 10 years).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Fox News Tweets that 68% of individuals who used Ivermectin to treat or prevent COVID-19 are suffering from long-term bowel and urinary incontinence.", "evidence": "In mid-May 2022, Twitter users shared a supposed screenshot that appeared to show conservative commentator Candace Owens responding to a tweet from Fox News about the alleged \"hidden cost\" of ivermectin, an anti-parasitic drug that has been studied as a possible cure for COVID-19. However, both tweets \u2014 one from Fox News and a retweet from Owens \u2014 were fake. According to the image, which we displayed below, Fox News had tweeted, \"Ivermectin's hidden cost: New studies show that 68% of those who used ivermectin to treat or prevent Covid are suffering long-term bowel and urinary incontinence.\" In response, Owens purportedly quote-tweeted Fox's post, writing, \"Well, this explains a few things.\" [...] We searched both Google (to check Google cache) and Twitter to make sure neither Owens nor Fox News had tweeted anything similar to the screenshot about \"ivermectin's hidden cost.\" As expected, we found nothing. We also did not find any \"new studies\" that supposedly showed 68% of ivermectin users, as referenced in the fake Fox News tweet, suffered \"long-term bowel and urinary incontinence.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "CCTV Footage Of A Burglary In Sri Lanka", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Is this a CCTV footage of a burglary in Sri Lanka? Find out the Truth... [...] We verified that the video viral on social media in Sri Lanka claiming to be CCTV footage of a Robbery at Rathmalana was actually part of an awareness video from Kerala, India. [...] Title:Is this a CCTV footage of a burglary in Sri Lanka? Find out the Truth...", "stance": "refutes"}