{"claim": "Abyei is a territory of South Sudan", "evidence": "Abyei \u2013 a territory roughly the size of Jamaica \u2013 is being contested by two countries, Sudan and South Sudan. Abyei, which covers just over 10,000km\u00b2, is under special administrative status following the terms of a 2005 peace agreement between the two countries. [...] Abyei is deeply embedded in the history of the Ngok Dinka community, who are among the northernmost Dinka populations. The Dinka represent the predominant ethnolinguistic group in South Sudan, a country that emerged as the world\u2019s newest nation in 2011. [...] In an effort to resolve the dispute over Abyei\u2019s sovereignty, negotiations held between the Sudanese government and the Sudanese People\u2019s Liberation Movement that began in 2002 proposed a referendum to decide if Abyei should become part of Sudan or South Sudan. Such a referendum would have been held in parallel with the South Sudanese independence referendum in 2011.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Abyei is a territory of Sudan", "evidence": "The Abyei area is commonly regarded as the bridge between the north and south of Sudan. The Misseriya and the Ngok Dinka have shared resources and cattle grazing areas in Abyei since the 18th century when both groups occupied Kordofan province. More formally, in 1905, during the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium period, the British transferred the administration of the nine Ngok chiefdoms from Bahr el-Ghazal province to Kordofan. However, the arming of the Misseriya by the Government of Sudan during the first civil war and the alignment of the Ngok Dinka with the SPLM sparked the modern day dispute over which group could rightfully claim the Abyei territory. As the fighting resulted in the displacement of the Ngok Dinka from the area at the end of the second civil war, the Misseriya considered Abyei as their own \u2013 a claim bitterly contested by the Dinka.2", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Deir El Aachayer is a territory of Lebanon", "evidence": "Deir El Aachayer (Arabic: \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0631) is a village north of Rashaya, in the Rashaya District and south of the Beqaa Governorate in Lebanon.[1] [...] Deir El Aachayer has a number of local springs, including Ain Halalweh, Ain Shayeb, Ain Rouk, Ain Dibb. The village was once known by the name Deir Mar Sema\u2019an, owing to the Monastery of Saint Simon, known locally as Al Borj, said to have been built by the Romans for preaching, religious ceremonies and practices by disciples of Saint Simon the Baptist. The monastery having been a stronghold for the students, enabling them to expand their teaching in Syria.[4] The village is near to the remains of a substantial Graeco-Roman style temple dedicated to unknown deities, with 30m (100feet) long foundations and columns re-used in local construction.[5] A Greek inscription was found noting that a bench was installed \"in the year 242, under Beeliabos, also called Diototos, son of Abedanos, high priest of the gods of Kiboreia\". Julien Alquot argued that the bench had liturgical uses as a mobile throne.[6] The era of the gods of Kiboreia is not certain, as is their location, which is not conclusively to be identified with Deir El Aachayer, but was possibly the Roman sanctuary or the name of a settlement in the area. It has been suggested that the name Kiboreia was formed from the Aramaic word kbr, meaning a \"place of great abundance\".[7]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Kfar Qouq is a territory of Syria", "evidence": "Kfar Qouq (and variations of spelling) is a village in Lebanon, situated in the Rashaya District and south of the Beqaa Governorate. It is located in an intermontane basin near Mount Hermon near the Syrian border, approximately halfway between Jezzine and Damascus.[1] [...] Kfar Qouq contains two Roman temple sites in the Western section of the town dating to around 111 BC[3] and another less preserved temple near the church.[4] Fragments such as columns and an inscribed block have been re-used in the village and surrounding area.[5] The surrounding area also has many stone basins, tombs, caves, rock cut niches and other remnants from Greek and Roman times.[6] Dr. Edward Robinson, visited in the Summer of 1852 and noted a Greek inscription on a doorway, the public fountain and a large reservoir which he noted \"exhibits traces of antiquity\". The name of the village means \"the pottery place\" in Aramaic and has also been known as Kfar Quq Al-Debs in relation to molasses and grape production in the area. Kfar Qouq also been associated with King Qouq, a ruler in ancient times.[7]", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Qaa is a territory of Lebanon", "evidence": "El-Qaa is a plain located in Baalbek\u2013Hermel District, bordered by Syria, Hermel and Ras Baalbek. Since the Middle Ages, El-Qaa was famous for its honey production and its remarkable landscape. Its beautiful natural lake was a crossroad for traders. El-Qaa remains the village for religious tourists. Its many religious sites attract local residents and foreign visitors. Located between Anti-Lebanon mountain range and the Assi River, El-Qaa is best known for its hot semiarid summer and its cold winter. What marks El-Qaa are the Roman and Ottoman monuments that engrave the ancient civilizations in this village. [...] Read moreEl-Qaa is where church bells ring, making the hearts beat. It is known for its churches and became a haven for locals and visitors to pray. At the borders of the Beqaa, El-Qaa became a town for blessings and faith. [...] Read moreEl-Qaa is known for its authentic Lebanese cachet. This village remains very attentive to the Lebanese traditional cuisine. In its old narrowed streets you can find old bakeries, butcheries and kebbe troughs that the big other cities will not be able to reflect them in a proper and genuine way", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Qaa is a territory of Syria", "evidence": "Report: Clashes along Lebanon-Syria Border \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629Syrian security forces infiltrated the Bekaa border town of al-Qaa on Tuesday, said various media reports. [...] They stated that the clashes on the Syrian side of the border started on Tuesday in al-Qaa area, adding that bullets struck the Lebanese side of the border. [...] the lebanese army is controlling with mechanised armour the whole area of qaa/ masharih on the lebanese syrian border ,after the retreat of assad forces under attacks from the syrian free army who is controlling the whole area of the syrian border after managing to destroy the \" hajjaneh\" positoions.it seems that the alawi fourth brigade is the only portion of the syrian army fighting for the regime.... and adnan mansour.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Qasr is a territory of Lebanon", "evidence": "It is a different story however when it comes to the neighboring border town of Al Qasr. Due to the interlaced geography of the area, Al Qasr happens to be situated on both Lebanese and Syria territories, and that is the root of the ongoing friction between the residents of this town and the 11th division of the Syrian Arab army. [...] The local residents of Al Qasr are becoming more vocal in their opposition to the new measures and are threatening to take things further. [...] Says 42 year old Mahdi Jaafar (a pseudonym), a lifelong inhabitant of Al Qasr and a Hezbollah supporter and fighter. \"We have spilled our blood and given the lives of our children to fight terrorism. Our martyrs are hundreds of times more than what the Russians have lost, and if they think they can besiege us in this manner, they are mistaken.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar", "evidence": "Europa Island is a stunning destination located in the Mozambique Channel, between Mozambique and Madagascar. With its pristine beaches, crystal clear waters, and diverse marine life, this French overseas territory is a paradise for nature lovers and adventure enthusiasts. The island is known for its unique ecosystem, combining tropical and coastal environments. Visitors can explore the island\u2019s lagoon, hike through its lush forests, or dive into its vibrant coral reefs. Whether you\u2019re seeking relaxation or adventure, Europa Island offers a truly unforgettable experience. [...] In recent decades, the island\u2019s importance as an ecological haven has been further recognized. It has become a focal point for scientific research, especially in the study of migratory birds, turtles, and marine ecosystems. However, the island\u2019s status has not been without disputes. While the French maintain control, Madagascar has also laid a claim to Europa Island, viewing it as part of its sovereign territory. This territorial dispute, while not escalated to a major diplomatic crisis, remains unresolved. The French government, in collaboration with conservationists, has made significant efforts to protect and conserve the unique habitats on Europa Island. Restrictions on human activities ensure that the island\u2019s environment remains as undisturbed as possible. Today, apart from a small military outpost and a weather station, the island remains largely uninhabited, serving as a testament to nature\u2019s resilience and beauty.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Tuffah is a territory of Lebanon", "evidence": "5 Palestinians were injured in Israeli settlers' brutal attack on the town of Al-Mughayir, northeast of Ramallah. pic.twitter.com/LSfFlp5hgk \u2014 PALESTINE ONLINE \ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddf8 (@OnlinePalEng) April 13, 2024 [...] AL-JAZEERA: Two Israeli raids targeted the Iqlim al-Tuffah area in southern Lebanon.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Shatt al-Arab is a territory of Iraq", "evidence": "The Shatt al-Arab (Arabic: \u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628, lit. 'River of the Arabs'; Persian: \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f, romanized: Arvand Rud, lit. 'Swift River'[5]) is a river about 200 kilometres (120 mi) in length that is formed at the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the town of al-Qurnah in the Basra Governorate of southern Iraq. The southern end of the river constitutes the Iran\u2013Iraq border down to its mouth, where it discharges into the Persian Gulf. The Shatt al-Arab varies in width from about 232 metres (761 ft) at Basra to 800 metres (2,600 ft) at its mouth. It is thought that the waterway formed relatively recently in geological time, with the Tigris and Euphrates originally emptying into the Persian Gulf via a channel further to the west. Kuwait's Bubiyan Island is part of the Shatt al-Arab delta.[1] [...] Dispute over the river occurred during the Ottoman-Safavid era, prior to the establishment of an independent Iraq in the 20th century. In the early 16th century, the Iranian Safavids gained most of what is present-day Iraq, including Shatt al-Arab. They later lost these territories to the expanding Ottomans following the Peace of Amasya (1555).[8] [...] - ^ \"Shatt al Arab\". Oxford Public International Law. Retrieved 23 April 2022.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Abu Musa is a territory of Iran", "evidence": "Tehran, Oct 1, IRNA - Undoubtedly, Iran\u2019s sovereignty over the three Persian Gulf islands of the Greater and Lesser Tunbs and Abu Musa was, is, and will remain the Islamic Republic's territory forever, underscored 'Iran Daily' on Wednesday.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates", "evidence": "Abu Musa is a small island situated in the Persian Gulf whose strategic position allows the power that controls it to influence the maritime traffic that passes through the Strait of Hormuz. This characteristic made it the point of contention between Iran and the United Arab Emirates, both states actively claiming their sovereignty over the island along with its sister islands of the Greater and Lesser Tunb. [...] The Island of Abu Musa is the largest of the three islands that Iran and UAE are contesting, and along with the other two islands holds a very strategically important position in the Persian Gulf due to the maritime traffic passing through the Strait of Hormuz. The dispute started to take shape over a century ago and it still affects the bilateral relations between the two states. The rationales for possessing these territories are both economic and military. From an economic point of view, the islands confer the owner an increased influence of the trade the passes through the Straits, and from a military point of view, military bases on these islands can exert significant control over the maritime commerce in the region.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Greater and Lesser Tunbs is a territory of United Arab Emirates", "evidence": "ABU DHABI \u2014 History stands witness to the fact that Abu Mousa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs islands are part of the UAE territories, a foreign historian-cum-diplomat has asserted. The islands should really have belonged to Ras Al Khaimah as the emirate had the strongest claim over the islands since it had controlled them with the help of the British between 1870 and 1900, Julian Walker, a British historian known for his diplomatic missions in the Gulf region, told Khaleej Times in an exclusive interview yesterday on the sidelines of the conference on \u2018Bedouin Society in the Emirates' here. Stating that history documents the three islands as belonging to the country, Walker said: \"The protection of the islands was vested with Ras Al Khaimah until the withdrawal of the British forces in 1971. The Shah of Iran has been claiming the Islands. He abandoned his claim to Bahrain and had reached an agreement with the Ruler of Sharjah over Abu Mousa. [...] He said the day before the British officially ended their protection, the Shah sent his navy and seized the islands. A small police post of the Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah on the Tunbs islands resisted the Shah's forces for four hours. \"That was how the islands were seized by the Iranians,\" he said, adding that the Shah could achieve victory only because of the large naval force and the villagers fleeing to Ras Al Khaimah since they didn't want to be under Iranian rule.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Greater and Lesser Tunbs is a territory of Iran", "evidence": "TEHRAN \u2013 Iran has strongly rejected the recent statement issued by the Arab League regarding the Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb islands in the Persian Gulf. [...] Kanaani, responding to this, emphasized that Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb have historically belonged to Iran. \"It has been stated and emphasized many times that the three Iranian islands of Abu Musa as well as Greater and Lesser Tunbs are an integral and eternal part of the territory of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and such baseless claims in the statement in question are rejected,\" he noted.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Nagorno-Karabakh is a mountainous region internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan. Roughly 120,000 ethnic Armenians were living there out of the population of a little over 140,000. Under the Soviet Union, which included both Azerbaijan and Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh became an autonomous region within the republic of Azerbaijan. With the breakup of the Soviet Union, Karabakh declared itself an independent republic. The region came under the control of ethnic Armenian forces backed by the Armenian military in a six-year war that ended in 1994 and killed about 30,000 people. Nagorno-Karabakh became de facto independent, with a self-proclaimed government in Stepanakert, but was heavily reliant on close economic, political and military support from Armenia, according to Global Conflict Tracker. [...] On Sept. 19, Azerbaijan launched a military offensive and in 24 hours ended the 35-year conflict over the territory. The self-declared government of Nagorno-Karabakh agreed to capitulate and dismantle its armed forces, leading to the cease-fire.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Europa Island is a territory of France", "evidence": "Europa Island is the smallest of the \u00celes \u00c9parses, a group of French islands located in the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. The island is just over 12 square kilometers in size and is predominantly made up of sandy beaches and dunes. [...] Finally, Europa Island stands as a symbol of France\u2019s overseas territories. It represents the country\u2019s commitment to conservation and environmental protection while serving as a valuable research site for scientists studying the Indian Ocean region. Europa Island, with its unique features and fascinating history, offers plenty of surprises for curious minds. From its diverse wildlife to its captivating geology, there is always something new to discover about this remote French territory. Whether you\u2019re an avid nature enthusiast or simply interested in learning more about our universe, Europa Island is a destination that deserves your attention. So pack your bags and embark on an adventure to explore this remarkable island and uncover its hidden treasures.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Syunik Province is a territory of Armenia", "evidence": "Syunik Province is the southernmost province of Armenia. It is bordered by the Vayots Dzor Province from the north, Nakhchivan exclave from the west, the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from the east, and Iran from the south. Its capital and largest city is the town of Kapan. The National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia (ARMSTAT) reported its population was 141,771 in the 2011 census, down from 152,684 at the 2001 census. [...] Syunik is located between the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan from the west, and the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from the east. The Vayots Dzor Province of Armenia forms its northern borders, while Aras River at the south separates Syunik from Iran. Syunik covers an area of 4,506 km\u00b2 (15% of total area of Armenia), making it the second-largest province in Armenia after Gegharkunik in terms of the total area. Historically, the current territory of the province occupies most of the historic Syunik province of Ancient Armenia.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Azad Kashmir is a territory of India", "evidence": "Azad Kashmir, area of the Pakistani-administered sector of the Kashmir region, in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. Azad (\"Free\") Kashmir, established in 1947 after the partition of India, is neither a province nor an agency of Pakistan but has a government of its own that is regarded by Pakistan as \"independent,\" even though it is protected by and economically and administratively linked to Pakistan. It has an area of approximately 650 square miles (1,680 square km) and consists of an arc of territory bordering the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir to the east, the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the south and southwest and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistani-administered Kashmir to the north. Northern Azad Kashmir comprises foothills of the Himalayas rising to Jamgarh Peak (15,531 feet [4,734 metres]); south of this are the northwestern reaches of the Pir Panjal Range, which has an average crest line of 12,500 feet (3,800 metres). The region is in the subduction zone at the most northerly extension of the Indian-Australian tectonic plate and is prone to powerful seismic activity. In 2005 a strong earthquake devastated the administrative centre of Muzaffarabad and surrounding regions. [...] The administration of Azad Kashmir is overseen by Pakistan\u2019s Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and headquartered at Muzaffarabad, which is linked by road with Abbottabad to the southwest. Mirpur is the major town in the southern part of the territory.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Azad Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "Azad Kashmir region administered by Pakistan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia region administered by Pakistan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Azad Jammu and Kashmir, (Urdu: \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646) also just called Azad Kashmir is a self-governing region that falls under Pakistan and is disputed region with India. In terms of land area it is bigger than Trinidad and Tobago but smaller than Brunei. [...] Azad Kashmir is a self-governing state under Pakistan.[4][5] It has its own elected president, prime minister, legislature, high court, emblem and official flag. However, the highest body in the state is the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council. This council has six members from the government of Azad Kashmir (including the President and the Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir) and five members from the government of Pakistan, including the President of Pakistan who is the chairman/chief executive of the council.[4][5] Azad Kashmir is administratively divided into three divisions which, in turn, are divided into ten districts.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of India", "evidence": "Gilgit-Baltistan is a region that India considers as part of undivided Jammu and Kashmir but under current administration by Pakistan. The region has been a regular feature of India-Pakistan conflicts involving Kashmir. [...] India\u2019s stance regarding Gilgit Baltistan - India has always considered the continued occupation of Gilgit Baltistan as illegal. In 1994 the Indian parliament had passed resolutions claiming both Gilgit Baltistan and Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, forming an integral part of Indian territory. [...] - Gilgit-Baltistan is still a simmering dispute between India and Pakistan and with the recent Indian-China border clash at the Galwan-Valley, it seems likely that China will bolster troop presence in the region in order to protect its projects there. It remains to be seen how this issue will play out in the coming years", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "VP/HR \u2014 Pakistan-occupied Gilgit-Baltistan 24.11.2016 [...] Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of approximately 72 000 km2 and 2 million people. In 1947 during the Indo-Pakistani partition, the area was occupied by Pakistan without the consent of the local indigenous peoples. Although the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) resolution of 28 April 1949 called on Pakistan to withdraw its forces from the disputed area, it remains occupied to this day. Declared a disputed territory by the UN Security Council, Gilgit-Baltistan is not part of Pakistan and the dispute is yet to be resolved. Nevertheless, between 2013-2015, the European Union funded the project \u2018Gilgit-Baltistan \u2014 The Jewel of Pakistan\u2019 with EUR 1 943 559.15. Furthermore, on the webpage of the Delegation of the European Union to Pakistan, as well as in EU brochures, the language used implies that Gilgit-Baltistan is an integral part of Pakistan.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India", "evidence": "Jammu[b] and Kashmir[c] is a region administered by India as a union territory[1] and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959.[3] The Line of Control separates Jammu and Kashmir from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north. It lies to the north of the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh which is administered by India as a union territory.[2] [...] The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir is administered under the provisions of Article 239 of the Constitution of India. Article 239A, originally formulated for the union territory of Puduchery, is also applicable to Jammu and Kashmir.[73] [...] (d) Osma\u0144czyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191\u2013, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: \"Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "Jammu[b] and Kashmir[c] is a region administered by India as a union territory[1] and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959.[3] The Line of Control separates Jammu and Kashmir from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north. It lies to the north of the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh which is administered by India as a union territory.[2] [...] Notes - ^ Jammu and Kashmir is a disputed territory between India and Pakistan. Jammu and Kashmir has 42,241 km2 (16,309 sq mi) of area administered by India and 13,297 km2 (5,134 sq mi) of area controlled by Pakistan under Azad Kashmir which is claimed by India as part of Jammu and Kashmir. [...] (d) Osma\u0144czyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191\u2013, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: \"Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Aksai Chin is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Aksai Chin is a region administered by China partly in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang[2] and partly in Rutog County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet and constituting the easternmost portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and China since 1959.[1] It is claimed by India as part of its Leh District, Ladakh Union Territory. [...] Aksai Chin is one of the two large disputed border areas between India and China. India claims Aksai Chin as the easternmost part of the union territory of Ladakh. China claims that Aksai Chin is part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and Tibet Autonomous Region. The line that separates Indian-administered areas of Ladakh from Aksai Chin is known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and is concurrent with the Chinese Aksai Chin claim line. [...] Aksai Chin covers an area of approximately 38,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi).[55] The area is largely a vast high-altitude desert with a low point (on the Karakash River) at about 4,300 m (14,100 ft) above sea level. In the southwest, mountains up to 7,000 m (23,000 ft) extending southeast from the Depsang Plains form the de facto border (Line of Actual Control) between Aksai Chin and Indian-controlled Kashmir.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France", "evidence": "Juan de Nova Island (French: \u00cele Juan de Nova, pronounced: [il \u0292\u0265\u0251\u0303 d\u0259 n\u0254va]), Malagasy: Nosy Kely) is a French-controlled tropical island in the narrowest part of the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique. It is a low, flat island, 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi) in size. [...] In 1974, the French government decided to install military detachments across the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean that lay within the Mozambique Channel (Juan de Nova, Europa Island, and the Glorioso Islands). Its aim was primarily to respond to Madagascar's claims to those territories, which France considers protected within an exclusive economic zone. Juan de Nova Island was assigned a small garrison of 14 soldiers from the 2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment, as well as a gendarme. They settled in housing that formerly hosted SOFIM workers. The troops receive supplies by air every 45 days.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Aksai Chin is a territory of India", "evidence": "Shortly after India modified the status of Jammu and Kashmir, making it a Union Territory, India then focused on the Aksai Chin region. Originally a part of the Kashmir Region, Aksai Chin has been under Chinese control since 1962. However, India\u2019s position has been that Aksai Chin is a part of India under the illegal occupation of China. In the past, India\u2019s stance on Aksai Chin has been docile, but the aggressive move on Kashmir emboldened India. Keeping up with the rhetoric around Kashmir, India\u2019s Home Minister Amit Shah went a step further. He said that Aksai Chin is a territory of India that India lost to China in the 1962 war, and vowed to take Aksai Chin back from China. This was an explicit threat to China coming from the top echelons of power in India. This irritated Chinese leadership, and thus they trespassed into the Ladakh region of India to pre-empt any adventurism by India in Aksai Chin. While India did not have any plans of invading Aksai Chin, Amit Shah\u2019s statement proved to be a serious miscalculation.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Tawang is a territory of India", "evidence": "Tawang is a town and administrative headquarter of Tawang district in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.[1][2] It lies on NH-13 section of Trans-Arunachal Highway. The town was once the headquarter of the Tawang Tract, which is now divided into the Tawang district and the West Kameng district. Tawang continues as the headquarters of the former. Tawang is the number one tourist destination of Arunachal Pradesh. India occupied Tawang in 1951 and removed Tibetan administration from the area.[3][4] China continues to claim Tawang as its region.[3] It is situated 448 km north-west of state capital Itanagar at an elevation of approximately 3,048 metres (10,000 ft). It lies to the north of the Tawang Chu river valley, roughly 10 miles (16 km) south of the Line of Actual Control with China. It is the site of a famous Gelugpa Buddhist Monastery. [...] - ^ a b \"Tawang is part of India: Dalai Lama\". The Times of India. 4 June 2008. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China", "evidence": "China slammed the United States for interfering in its border dispute with India, after Washington said it recognized the disputed Arunachal Pradesh as a part of Indian territory. [...] China, which refers to the territory as Zangnan, claims Arunachal Pradesh is part of southern Tibet. India rejects those claims, stating Arunachal Pradesh has always been a part of India. [...] China on Thursday reiterated its claims over Arunachal Pradesh, saying: \"Zangnan has always been China's territory, a basic fact that is undeniable.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India", "evidence": "Arunachal Pradesh became an Indian State today: Some interesting facts about the 'Land of the Dawn-Lit Mountains' Arunachal Pradesh, the 'Land of the dawn-lit mountains', became an Indian state 30 years ago, on February 20, 1987. Arunachal Pradesh was established as a state in India on February 20, 1987. Arunachal Pradesh was initially a Union Territory which was carved out of Assam. Arunachal Pradesh was known as the North East Frontier Agency (NEFA) during British India and the Republic of India until 1972. Prime Minister Narendra Modi greeted Arunachal Pradesh on its statehood day today.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "David Gareja monastery complex is a territory of Georgia", "evidence": "David Gareja is one of Georgia's cave towns, located on the territory of the Kakheti Region. The first monastery there was called the 'David Gareja Monastery Complex.' At the same time, his pupils Dodo and Lukyane, have also founded other monasteries nearby. [...] Because of this story, we believe that in Georgia, there is 1/3 of the holiness of Jerusalem. Many miracles are connected with this stone, and people also say that if you visit the David Gareja Monastery Complex three times in your life, you will get the same grace you would if you visited Jerusalem once.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "David Gareja monastery complex is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Because the complex is partially located on the territory of Azerbaijan, it has become subject to a border dispute between Georgia and Azerbaijan, with ongoing talks since 1991.[5] Georgian monks at the monastery say that \"they see the dispute as the result of Soviet scheming to undermine relations between Christian Georgians and Muslim Azerbaijanis.\"[1] Giorgi Manjgaladze, Georgia's deputy foreign minister proposed that Georgia would be willing to exchange other territory for the remainder of David Gareja because of its historical and cultural significance to the Georgians.[1] Baku disapproves of this land swap because of David Gareja's strategic military importance.[6] \"There is no room for territorial exchange. There are no negotiations over this issue,\" stated Azerbaijan's deputy foreign minister Khalaf Khalafov.[1] In April 2007, Khalafov told a press conference in that it was \"out of the question\" for Georgia to \"give up its claims to the borderlands\" including David Gareja.[1] He then made a controversial statement that the monastery \"was home to the Caucasian Albanians, who are believed to have been the earliest inhabitants of Azerbaijan.\"[7] This prompted a response from Georgian foreign minister Gela Bezhuashvili.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Doi Lang is a territory of Myanmar", "evidence": "Doi Lang (Updated 29/03/20) [...] Doi Lang, in Chiang Mai province, is actually a collection of mountain ridges within the extensive Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park; the site also includes an area known locally as Doi San Ju. This location is one of the wildest areas of Thailand that is accessible by car, affording fantastic views across into Myanmar and providing birders with many miles of fabulous roadside birding in a variety of upland habitats with hardly any vehicular disturbance at all. A narrow road forms a loop along the Thai-Myanmar border from the town of Fang to the village of Thatorn but currently the military does not allow through traffic so the East and West sides of Doi Lang must be visited seperately; the East side is accessed from Thatorn and the West side is accessed from Fang. The area of habitat here is huge and being this far north it is a site that plays host to several species that cannot be found anywhere else in Thailand as well as being a very scenic location.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Juan de Nova Island is a territory of Madagascar", "evidence": "Juan de Nova Island (French: \u00cele Juan de Nova, pronounced: [il \u0292\u0265\u0251\u0303 d\u0259 n\u0254va]), Malagasy: Nosy Kely) is a French-controlled tropical island in the narrowest part of the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique. It is a low, flat island, 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi) in size. [...] Juan de Nova is located in the Mozambique Canal, closer to the Madagascar side: 140 kilometres (87 mi) from Tambohorano, 207 kilometres (129 mi) west-southwest from Tanjona Vilanandro and 288 kilometres (179 mi) from the African coast.The island was created when an underwater promontory of a coral reef emerged when the reef was dismantled by ocean currents, producing a sandy island. The prevailing south-southwest winds form dunes on the island, which, at 10 meters (33 ft) tall, form the island's highest points. [...] Juan de Nova Island was assigned a small garrison of 14 soldiers from the 2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment, as well as a gendarme. They settled in housing that formerly hosted SOFIM workers. The troops receive supplies by air every 45 days.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Doi Lang is a territory of Thailand", "evidence": "DOI LANG - Province : Chiangmai, further north from Doi Angkhang - Habitats : A part of Doi Pha Hom Pok, Thailand\u2019s second highest mountain. Hill evergreen forest, coniferous forest, open grassland on the mountain - Key species : Red-tailed Laughingthrush, Red-faced Liocichla, Crimson-breasted Woodpecker, Spot-winged Grosbeak, Rusty-naped Pitta, Coral-billed Schimitar Babbler, Long-tailed Sibia, Crested Finchbill - Other species : Scarlet Finch, Whiskered Yuhina, Rusty-naped Pitta, Orange-flanked Bush Robin, Black-throated Parrotbill, Cutia - Best time : All year round for resident species, November \u2013 March for migration species - Distance from Chiangmai : ~ 250 km or more than 3 hrs drive as rough road", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Fasht Ad Dibal is a territory of Qatar", "evidence": "Bahraini side and Fasht ad Dibal on the Qatari side (see paragraph 222 of the Judgment); [...] - The Court finds that Qatar has sovereignty over Zubarah and Janan Island and that the low-tide elevation of Fasht ad Dibal falls under the sovereignty of Qatar; it finds that Bahrain has sovereignty over the Hawar Islands and the island of Qit'at Jaradah; and it draws a single maritime boundary between the two States Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain) - The Court finds that Qatar has sovereignty over Zubarah and Janan Island and that the low-tide elevation of Fasht ad Dibal falls under the sovereignty of Qatar; it finds that Bahrain has sovereignty over the Hawar Islands and the island of Qit'at Jaradah; and it draws a single maritime boundary between the two States", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Qit'at Jaradah is a territory of Qatar", "evidence": "Bahrain claims that Qit'at Jaradah comes under Bahraini sovereignty, since it has displayed its authority over it in various ways, and that this was recognized by the British Government in 1947. In this respect it has referred to a number of activities, including the erection of a beacon, the ordering of the drilling of an artesian well, the granting of an oil concession, and the licensing of fish traps. Qatar contends that Qit'at Jaradah, being a low\u2014tide elevation, cannot be appropriated, and that, since it is situated in the part of the territorial sea which belongs to Qatar, Qatar has sovereign rights over it. The Court first notes that Qit'at Jaradah is a very small island situated within the 12\u2013mile limit of both States. According to the report of the expert commissioned by Bahrain, at high tide its length and breadth are about 12 by 4 metres, whereas at low tide they are 600 and 75 metres. At high tide, its altitude is approximately 0.4 metres. Certain types of activities invoked by Bahrain such as the drilling of artesian wells would, taken by themselves, be considered controversial as acts performed \u00e0 titre de souverain. The construction of navigational aids, on the other hand, can be legally relevant in the case of very small islands. In the present case, taking into account the size of Qit'at Jaradah, the activities carried out by Bahrain on that island must be considered sufficient to support Bahrain's claim that it has sovereignty over it.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Isfara Valley is a territory of Tajikistan", "evidence": "Isfara is located in Northern Tajikistan, in the Sughd region, next to the border with Kyrgyzstan. It belongs to the territorial dispute area between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan along the Isfara Valley and is also not far from the Uzbek border either. East from The town is between bigger cities like Khujand in Tajikistan, Kokand in Uzbekistan and Batken in Kyrgyzstan. South from Isfara you can also find the Vorukh enclave, a piece of Tajik land inside Kyrgyzstan that has been also the place of local clashes in 2019 and 2021. Apparently Tajiks were trying to establish a connection from Isfara to Vorukh but the situation in the area remains unclear. It is the perfect place to stop for a coffee or eating in one of the tea houses by the riverside if you are heading to Tajikistan from Kyrgyzstan or vice versa (if the border is open). This is actually the reason of arrival for the majority of travelers reaching Isfara, they are on their way between Osh and Khujand as the road from Isfara continues east to Batken and then to Osh. This all said, the Isfara area has a lot to offer for someone who has time to explore the region. [...] Set in the southern middle part of the remarkably fertile Fergana Valley, a diverse range of trade industries is found in Isfara from construction to agriculture. But what Isfara is especially known for, are its legendary apricots. Otherwise the town is full of well preserved Soviet architecture from 1960 \u2013 1980s with parks and mosaics.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Ceuta is a territory of Morocco", "evidence": "Ceuta (UK: /\u02c8sju\u02d0t\u0259/, US: /\u02c8se\u026au\u02d0t\u0259/,[5][6] Spanish: [\u02c8\u03b8ewta, \u02c8sewta] ; Arabic: \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0629, romanized: Sabtah) is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast. Bordered by Morocco, it lies along the boundary between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta is one of the special member state territories of the European Union, and it is one of several Spanish territories in Africa, which include Melilla and the Canary Islands. It was a regular municipality belonging to the province of C\u00e1diz prior to the passing of its Statute of Autonomy in March 1995,[7] as provided by the Spanish Constitution, henceforth becoming an autonomous city.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ambalat is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Ambalat [edit]Ambalat is an area of the seabed or continental shelf in the Celebes Sea off the east coast of Borneo which is claimed by Indonesia and Malaysia. The seabed is believed to be rich in crude oil. Contrary to popular belief, the International Court of Justice decision over the sovereignty of Sipadan and Ligitan did not solve the dispute over Ambalat as it did not include issues concerning the demarcation of the territorial sea and continental shelf boundaries of the two countries in the area.[23] The dispute started with Malaysia issuing a map in 1979 of its territorial sea and continental shelf which included the Ambalat block. The map drew Malaysia's maritime boundary in a southeast direction into the Celebes Sea after it leaves the eastmost point on land on Sebatik island. This would include the Ambalat block, or a large part of it, within the Malaysian continental shelf. Indonesia has, like the other neighbours of Malaysia, objected to the map. Indonesia has never officially announced the exact locations of its maritime boundaries but claimed during its arguments in the Sipadan Case that it continued in a straight line along the 4\u00b0 10' North latitude after it leaves Sebatik.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ambalat is a territory of Indonesia", "evidence": "The border in the Celebes Sea is disputed between the two countries. Part of the dispute was settled by the judgement of the International Court of Justice in the Ligitan and Sipadan Case in 2002 and is now awaiting delimitation between the two countries. However, the two countries still have overlapping claims over the continental shelf, which Indonesia refers to as Ambalat. [...] Ambalat [edit]Ambalat is an area of the seabed or continental shelf in the Celebes Sea off the east coast of Borneo which is claimed by Indonesia and Malaysia. The seabed is believed to be rich in crude oil. Contrary to popular belief, the International Court of Justice decision over the sovereignty of Sipadan and Ligitan did not solve the dispute over Ambalat as it did not include issues concerning the demarcation of the territorial sea and continental shelf boundaries of the two countries in the area.[23] The dispute started with Malaysia issuing a map in 1979 of its territorial sea and continental shelf which included the Ambalat block. The map drew Malaysia's maritime boundary in a southeast direction into the Celebes Sea after it leaves the eastmost point on land on Sebatik island. This would include the Ambalat block, or a large part of it, within the Malaysian continental shelf. Indonesia has, like the other neighbours of Malaysia, objected to the map. Indonesia has never officially announced the exact locations of its maritime boundaries but claimed during its arguments in the Sipadan Case that it continued in a straight line along the 4\u00b0 10' North latitude after it leaves Sebatik.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Kabaw is a territory of India", "evidence": "The CDF-Kalay-Kabaw-Gangaw is one of several resistance forces based there, but it is the only one that also seeks to incorporate these areas into Chinland. Kabaw refers to the Kabaw valley, located in Kalay Township near the border with the Indian state of Manipur.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon", "evidence": "Israel, Hezbollah and how the Golan Heights attack has fuelled conflict What is the Golan Heights, why is Israel there and how is Hezbollah involved in the regional conflict? [...] The Golan Heights is a rocky plateau in south-west Syria. It is a strategic territory that shares a border with Lebanon, Jordan and Israel.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Golan Heights is a territory of Israel", "evidence": "The Golan Heights are a rocky plateau in the Levant region of Western Asia that was captured by Israel from Syria in the 1967 Six-Day War. The international community, with the exception of Israel and the United States, considers the Golan Heights to be Syrian territory held by Israel under military occupation.[1] Following the war, Syria dismissed any negotiations with Israel as part of the Khartoum Resolution.[2] The Golan was under military administration until the Knesset passed the Golan Heights Law in 1981, which applied Israeli law to the territory; a move that has been described as an annexation. In response, the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed UNSC Resolution 497 which condemned the Israeli actions to change the status of the territory declaring them \"null and void and without international legal effect\", and that the Golan remained an occupied territory. In 2019, the United States became the only state to recognize the Golan Heights as Israeli sovereign territory, while the rest of the international community continues to consider the territory Syrian held under Israeli military occupation.[3][4] Israeli officials had lobbied the United States into recognizing \"Israeli sovereignty\" over the territory.[5]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Golan Heights is a territory of Syria", "evidence": "The Golan Heights (Arabic: \u0647\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650, romanized: Ha\u1e0dbatu l-Jawl\u0101n or \u0645\u064f\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650, Murtafa\u02bb\u0101tu l-Jawl\u0101n; Hebrew: \u05e8\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05df, Ramat HaGolan, ), or simply the Golan, is a basaltic plateau at the southwest corner of Syria. It is bordered by the Yarmouk River in the south, the Sea of Galilee and Hula Valley in the west, the Anti-Lebanon mountains with Mount Hermon in the north and Wadi Raqqad in the east. Two thirds of the area has been occupied by Israel following the 1967 Six-Day War and then effectively annexed in 1981 \u2013 an action unrecognized by the international community, which continues to consider it Israeli-occupied Syrian territory. [...] East of the 1973 ceasefire line, in the Syrian controlled part of the Golan Heights, an area of 600 km2 (232 sq mi), are more than 40 Syrian towns and villages, including Quneitra, Khan Arnabah, al-Hamidiyah, al-Rafid, al-Samdaniyah, al-Mudariyah, Beer Ajam, Bariqa, Ghadir al-Bustan, Hader, Juba, Kodana, Ufaniyah, Ruwayhinah, Nabe' al-Sakhar, Trinjah, Umm al-A'zam, and Umm Batna. The population of the Quneitra Governorate numbers 79,000.[152] [...] - \"the Syrian Golan Heights territory, which Israel has occupied since 1967\". Also, \"the Golan Heights, a 450-square mile portion of southwestern Syria that Israel occupied during the 1967 Arab\u2013Israeli war.\" (CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues Archived 26 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Congressional Research Service. 19 January 2006)", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Green Line is a territory of Palestine", "evidence": "The Green Line is a term that emerged in the wake of Israel\u2019s establishment in 1948, whose proper name is the 1949 Armistice Line. It refers to the border separating pre-1967 Israel from the Occupied Palestinian Territories, and constitutes an internationally recognised border. However, it is important to note that Israel has never specified the boundaries of its own state.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Green Line is a territory of Israel", "evidence": "The Green Line or 1949 Armistice border[1] is the demarcation line set out in the 1949 Armistice Agreements between the armies of Israel and those of its neighbors (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria) after the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War. It served as the de facto borders of the State of Israel from 1949 until the Six-Day War in 1967, and continues to represent Israel\u2019s internationally recognized borders with the two Palestinian territories: the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.[2][3] [...] The Green Line is often referred to as the \"pre-1967 borders\" or the \"1967 borders\" by many international bodies and national leaders, including former United States president Barack Obama,[6] Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas,[7] the United Nations (UN) in informal texts,[8] and in the text of UN General Assembly resolutions.[9] The name comes from the green ink used to draw the line on the map during armistice talks.[10] After the Six-Day War, the territories captured by Israel beyond the Green Line came to be designated as East Jerusalem, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights. These territories are often referred to as Israeli-occupied territories. The Sinai Peninsula, which was also captured at that time, has since been returned to Egypt as part of the 1979 peace treaty.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ceuta is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "Ceuta (UK: /\u02c8sju\u02d0t\u0259/, US: /\u02c8se\u026au\u02d0t\u0259/,[5][6] Spanish: [\u02c8\u03b8ewta, \u02c8sewta] ; Arabic: \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0629, romanized: Sabtah) is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast. Bordered by Morocco, it lies along the boundary between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta is one of the special member state territories of the European Union, and it is one of several Spanish territories in Africa, which include Melilla and the Canary Islands. It was a regular municipality belonging to the province of C\u00e1diz prior to the passing of its Statute of Autonomy in March 1995,[7] as provided by the Spanish Constitution, henceforth becoming an autonomous city. [...] Ceuta is known officially in Spanish as Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Ceuta (English: Autonomous City of Ceuta), with a rank between a standard municipality and an autonomous community. Ceuta is part of the territory of the European Union. The city was a free port before Spain joined the European Union in 1986. Now it has a low-tax system within the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union. [...] The official position of the Spanish government is that Ceuta is an integral part of Spain, and has been since the 16th century, centuries prior to Morocco's independence from Spain and France in 1956.[91] The majority of Ceuta's population support continued Spanish sovereignty and are opposed to Moroccan control over the territory.[92]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel", "evidence": "On 27 June 1967, Israel expanded the municipal boundaries of West Jerusalem so as to include approximately 70 km2 (27.0 sq mi) of West Bank territory today referred to as East Jerusalem, which included Jordanian East Jerusalem ( 6 km2 (2.3 sq mi) ) and 28 villages and areas of the Bethlehem and Beit Jala municipalities 64 km2 (25 sq mi).[11][12][13] The government passed legal measures following the occupation to cement the annexation.[14] Although it was claimed that the application of the Israeli law to East Jerusalem was not annexation,[15] this position was rejected by the Israeli Supreme Court. In a 1970 majority ruling, Justice Y. Kahan expressed the opinion \". . . As far as I am concerned, there is no need for any certificate from the Foreign Minister or from any administrative authority to determine that East Jerusalem. . . was annexed to the State of Israel and constitutes part of its territory. . . by means of these two enactments and consequently this area constitutes part of the territory of Israel.\"[16]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine", "evidence": "Palestinians regard East Jerusalem as the capital of the future Palestinian state. East Jerusalem is generally recognized as part of the Palestinian Territories. In UN resolutions concerning Israel, East Jerusalem is routinely referred to as a part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory.[57]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Kalapani is a territory of Nepal", "evidence": "Kalapani Territorial Dispute: Kalapani has become an issue of contention between India and Nepal after the Nepal government raised objections to its inclusion in India's new political map. The Nepal government claimed that the Kalapani territory located in its far-west is an integral part of its region. [...] Kalapani territory is a disputed territory between India and Nepal. While Nepal claims Kalapani to be a part of its Darchula district, the region is administered in India as a part of Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand. [...] Since the Indo-China war of 1962, Kalapani is controlled by India's Indo-Tibetan Border Police. Nepal claims that the river located towards the west of the territory is the main Kali river and thus it falls in its territory, India claims a ridgeline towards the east of the Kalapani territory and hence, includes it in the Indian Union.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Susta River is a territory of Nepal", "evidence": "Susta is a disputed territory between Nepal and India. It is administered by India as part of West Champaran district of Bihar. It is claimed by Nepal as part of Susta rural municipality, under West Nawalparasi District in Lumbini Province. The disputed territory is located on the eastern side of the Gandak river (Narayani River in Nepal). Nepal claims the area a part of West Nawalparasi District under Susta rural municipality (part of ward no. 5), alleging that over 14,860 hectares of Nepali land in Susta has been encroached upon by India while India claims \"Susta\" to be a part of West Champaran district. According to the Sugauli Treaty signed between British East India Company and Nepal in 1816, the Gandak river is the international boundary and eastern part of the river belongs to India and western part of the river belongs to Nepal. At the time the treaty was signed Susta village was situated west of the river. But, over the years, the Gandak river changed its course and Susta moved to the east side of the river, that is now on the Indian side of the river. Nepal maintains the Gandak's course in 1816 to be taken as the fixed international boundary but India claims that land on the eastern side of the river is its own territory.[1][2][3]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Susta River is a territory of India", "evidence": "Nepal [edit]Major areas of dispute between India and Nepal are Kalapani, Limpiyadhura, Lipulekh, Susta, Mechi, and Tanakpur.[46] An estimated 60,000 hectares of border land is currently disputed between India and Nepal.[47] [...] Susta territory [edit]Susta is another territory which is disputed between Nepal and India. It is currently controlled by India as a part of Bihar state. Media reported residents of a village in Susta claiming that Susta belongs to Nepal and they are Nepali citizens.[57] The 1816 Treaty of Sugauli defined Gandaki river as the international boundary between India and Nepal. The right bank of the river was under Nepal's control while the left bank was under India's control. Susta village was initially on the right bank when the treaty was signed and it was a part of Nepal. However, over the years, the Gandaki river changed its course and Susta moved to the left bank and is now currently under India's control.[57] The Government of Nepal has repeatedly stated that Susta belongs to Nepal and that the Indian government should return the area.[citation needed]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Antudanda is a territory of India", "evidence": "The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a union territory of India and lie at the junction of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. Comprising over 500 islands, of which only 30 are inhabited, this archipelago has rich biodiversity as well as a unique cultural history. [...] The Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, situated 1200 km from the Indian mainland between the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, comprise several hundred tropical islands of outstanding beauty and biological diversity. The island group encompass nearly seven degrees of latitude from the southern most point of Great Nicobar (6\u00ba 45\u2032 N) to the northern tip on Landfall island (13\u00ba 40\u2032 N), situated above North Andaman. Together, the two groups contribute to two exceptionally diverse global biodiversity hotspots (Indo Burma and Sundaland). The land area of 8249 km\u00b2 includes over 300 named islands of which 98 are designated as sanctuaries, including nine national parks, two marine national parks and one biosphere reserve.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Antudanda is a territory of Nepal", "evidence": "Shree Antu Danda is located in the Illam District of Nepal. Antu Danda sunrise Tour is one of the mesmerizing Touring stuffs in Nepal. It offers a combo treat of Trekking experience on hilly landscapes and spectacular views of Sunrise and Sunset in the backdrop of Eastern Himalayan Ranges. Antu Danda is peacefully placed in the Eastern part of Nepal on the foothills of Mount Kanchenjunga, the world\u2019s third highest peak. It is elevated to the height of 2328 meters from the sea level. However, this endeavor is accessible to the altitude of 3636 meters. It is situated at the distance of three hour drive from Illam Bazaar. Antu danda is touring destination which remains fairly approached by Tourist in the lack of efficient promotion.The pristine landscapes of sloped Tea Gardens, Mountain Flanks, unspoiled Natural Forests, Holy sites and unique culture of Illam adds glamour to this Tour. This Tour can also be arranged with home stay facilities as the people of this region are habitually Hospitable and Cordial.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Nawalparasi is a territory of India", "evidence": "Susta is a disputed territory between Nepal and India. It is administered by India as part of West Champaran district of Bihar. It is claimed by Nepal as part of Susta rural municipality, under West Nawalparasi District in Lumbini Province.The disputed territory is located on the eastern side of the Gandak river (Narayani River in Nepal). Nepal claims the area a part of West Nawalparasi District under Susta rural municipality (part of ward no. 5), alleging that over 14,860 hectares of Nepali land in Susta has been encroached upon by India while India claims \"Susta\" to be a part of West Champaran district.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Melilla is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "Melilla (/m\u025b\u02c8li\u02d0j\u0259/ mel-EE-y\u0259, Spanish: [me\u02c8li\u029da] ; Tarifit: M\u0159i\u010d) is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast. It lies on the eastern side of the Cape Three Forks, bordering Morocco and facing the Mediterranean Sea. It has an area of 12.3 km2 (4.7 sq mi). It was part of the Province of M\u00e1laga until 14 March 1995, when the Statute of Autonomy of Melilla was passed. Melilla is one of the special territories of the member states of the European Union. Movements to and from the rest of the EU and Melilla are subject to specific rules, provided for inter alia in the Accession Agreement of Spain to the Schengen Convention.[3] [...] The official position of the Spanish government is that Melilla is an integral part of Spain, and has been since the 16th century, centuries prior to Morocco's independence from Spain and France in 1956.[143] The majority of Melilla's population support continued Spanish sovereignty and are opposed to Moroccan control over the territory.[144]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Nawalparasi is a territory of Nepal", "evidence": "Nawalparasi (West of Bardaghat Susta) district Nawalparasi (West of Bardaghat Susta) district or Nawalparasi West, as known commonly (Nepali: \u0928\u0935\u0932\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0940 (\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0918\u093e\u091f \u0938\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e) \u0935\u093e \u0928\u0935\u0932\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e [n\u028cw\u028clp\u028c\u02c8\u027easi \u02c8p\u028cst\u0361sim]), also frequently referred to as just Parasi District, is a district located in Lumbini Province of Nepal. It is 1 out of 12 districts of Lumbini Province. The headquarter of the district is located in Ramgram.[1] [...] The total area of Nawalparasi District is 634.88 square kilometres (245.13 sq mi) and total population of this district as of 2011 Nepal census is 321058 individuals. Bhojpuri is the local language of the district.[2]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Artsvashen is a territory of Armenia", "evidence": "We cannot abandon the exclave, enclave theme, the Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in an interview with journalists. According to him, \"Artsvashen is part of the sovereign territory of the Republic of Armenia, and they agreed that they would deal with this issue.\" Judging by Pashinyan's statement, Baku did not give consent to the transfer of the village to Armenia. \"You know that the Republic of Armenia cannot abandon this issue, since Artsvashen is part of the sovereign territory of our country. We are going to de jure justify the existence of an exclave. Artsvashen is in the process of demarcation, and the government of the Republic of Armenia has such justifications, after which the demarcation process around Artsvashen will be carried out, we will see what decisions will be made,\" Pashinyan said. [...] The village of Bashkend (Artsvashen), which was an enclave of the Armenian SSR in the territory of the Azerbaijani SSR in Soviet times, now belongs to the Kedabek region of Azerbaijan. According to the administrative-territorial division of Armenia, which disputes the ownership of the village, Bashkend belongs to the Gegharkunik region of Armenia. Bashkend is the largest village (40 km km) of the enclave (exclave) territories.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Gegharkunik province is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Gegharkunik (Armenian: \u0533\u0565\u0572\u0561\u0580\u0584\u0578\u0582\u0576\u056b\u0584, Armenian pronunciation: [\u0261\u025b\u0281\u0251\u027ek\u02b0u\u02c8nik\u02b0]) is a province (marz) of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Gavar. Gegharkunik Province is located at the eastern part of Armenia, bordering Azerbaijan. It includes the exclave of Artsvashen, which has been under Azerbaijani occupation since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. With an area of 5,348 km2 (2,065 sq mi), Gegharkunik is the largest province in Armenia. However, approximately 24% or 1,278 km2 (493 sq mi) of its territory is covered by Lake Sevan, the largest lake in the South Caucasus and a major tourist attraction of the region.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Gegharkunik province is a territory of Armenia", "evidence": "Gegharkunik (Armenian: \u0533\u0565\u0572\u0561\u0580\u0584\u0578\u0582\u0576\u056b\u0584, Armenian pronunciation: is a province (marz) of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is the town of Gavar. Gegharkunik Province is located at the eastern part of Armenia, bordering Azerbaijan and the Shahumyan Region of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. With an area of 5,348 km\u00b2, Gegharkunik is the largest province in Armenia. However, approximately 1,278 km\u00b2 of its territory is covered by Lake Sevan, the largest lake in the Caucasus and a major tourist attraction of the region. [...] Gegharkunik Province is situated at the east of modern-day Armenia, surrounding the Lake Sevan. Within the Republic of Armenia, it has borders with Tavush Province, Kotayk and Ararat provinces from the west and Vayots Dzor Province from the south. TheDashkasan and Gadabay districts of Azerbaijan, and the Shahumyan Region of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic form the eastern border of the province.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Karki is a territory of Armenia", "evidence": "It is a region under Azerbaijan\u2019s Qazakh District. Barxudarl\u0131 is an exclave area that is located completely inside the Armenian territory and not connected with Azerbaijani territories. The area of approximately 22 square km area has been under Armenian occupation since 1992. After the occupation, the Armenian population was settled in the region and it was administered as a part of Armenia\u2019s Tavush province. The current population of the region, which was established by Azerbaijani Turks in the 16th century, is around 450. [...] Karki is a region connected to the Sadarak District of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. This region has neither connection with Azerbaijani lands nor with Nakhchivan. It is an exclave area located completely inside the Armenian territory. The name of the village, which was occupied by Armenia in 1990, was changed by the Yerevan administration to \"Tigranashen\". The area of the land, located near the strategic Yerevan-Jermuk highway, is approximately 19 square kilometers. Azerbaijani Turks who were in the region after the occupation became refugees and were settled in an area called \"New Karki\" in the Kangarli District of Nakhchivan. Today, there are no settlements in the region.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijani: Nax\u00e7\u0131van Muxtar Respublikas\u0131, pronounced [n\u0251xt\u0283\u026f\u02c8v\u0251n mux\u02c8t\u0251\u027e \u027ees\u02c8publik\u0251s\u026f])[2] is a landlocked exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The region covers 5,502.75 km2 (2,124.62 sq mi)[3] with a population of 459,600.[4] It is bordered by Armenia[a] to the east and north, Iran[b] to the southwest, and Turkey[c] to the west. It is the sole autonomous republic of Azerbaijan, governed by its own elected legislature. [...] Today, Nakhchivan retains its autonomy as the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, and is internationally recognized as a constituent part of Azerbaijan governed by its own elected legislative assembly.[91] A new constitution for Nakhchivan was approved in a referendum on November 12, 1995. The constitution was adopted by the republic's assembly on April 28, 1998, and has been in force since January 8, 1999.[92] However, the republic remains isolated, not only from the rest of Azerbaijan, but practically from the entire South Caucasus region. From 1995 until his resignation in December 2022, the region was ruled by Vasif Talibov, who is related by marriage to Azerbaijan's ruling family, the Aliyevs.[93] He was known for his authoritarian[93] and largely corrupt rule of the region.[94] Most residents prefer to watch Turkish television as opposed to Nakhchivan television, which one Azerbaijani journalist criticised as \"a propaganda vehicle for Talibov and the Aliyevs.\"[93]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Armenia", "evidence": "Erdogan\u2019s planned visit to Nakhchivan following Baku\u2019s military offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh has raised significant concerns regarding the territorial integrity of Armenia. [...] Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is an Azerbaijani exclave in proximity to Armenia, Iran, and Turkey. Baku has always stated that Armenia has isolated this exclave from the Azerbaijani territory, although Nakhchivan might economically cooperate with neighbouring Turkey and Iran. The establishment of the I\u011fdir-Nakhchivan natural gas pipeline represents a significant milestone, because this infrastructure might supply gas from the Trans-Anatolian Gas Pipeline (TANAP) in Turkey to the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, replacing the current gas supply from Iran.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Yukhari Askipara is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Yukhari Askipara (Azerbaijani: Yuxar\u0131 \u018fskipara|lit=Upper Askipara; Armenian: \u054e\u0565\u0580\u056b\u0576 \u0548\u057d\u056f\u0565\u057a\u0561\u0580|lit=Upper Voskepar |translit=Verin Voskepar) is a destroyed village in an exclave of the Qazakh District of Azerbaijan, currently under the control of Armenia and surrounded by the Tavush Province of Armenia. The exclave has been under control by Armenian forces since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, which also included fighting in Qazakh. Today, the village is destroyed, with only the foundations and some lower portions of the houses remaining.[1] [...] According to the 1915 publication of the Caucasian Calendar, Yukhari Askipara (\u0410\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440., Aksibara Star.) had a predominantly Tatar (later known as Azerbaijani) population of 278 in 1914.[3]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Melilla is a territory of Morocco", "evidence": "Conquered by Spain in the 15th Century, Ceuta and Melilla are two small territories on the North Coast of Morocco and somewhat of a historical anomaly. The North of Morocco was occupied by Spain for a long time and, as I noticed in Tangier, Tetouan and Chefchaouen, Spanish is still widely spoken. Spain recognised Morocco\u2019s independence in 1956 but the two enclaves remained Spanish, known as Plazas de Soberania. They retained their culture and their Spanish population, however, they are claimed by Morocco, and are a bit of a sore point between the two nations. Today, those territories are somewhat vulnerable to large groups of illegal migrants trying to find their way to Europe. If you are exploring the North of Morocco, I recommend hopping into Spain for a day or two and enjoy something different. [...] Further east along the Mediterranean Coast, close to the town of Nador, lies the second Spanish enclave in Morocco: Melilla. Located close to the Moroccan town of Nador, Melilla is a smaller enclave surrounded by a 6 m high border fence, erected to deter mass intrusions by illegal immigrants. [...] Melilla has a similar history to Ceuta. Before gaining a status of autonomy in 1995, Melilla was part of the Province of Andalusia in Spain. The Spanish conquered Melilla in the 15th Century and Morocco has been disputing their ownership since the independence in 1956.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Qazakh Rayon is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Qazax District (Gazakh District; Azerbaijani: Qazax rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. Located in the northwest of the country, it belongs to the Gazakh-Tovuz Economic Region. The district borders the district of Aghstafa, and the Tavush Province of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Gazakh. As of 2020, the district had a population of 98,400.[2] [...] In April 2024, Armenia and Azerbaijan reached an agreement whereby Armenia handed over four abandoned villages within Qazax District to Azerbaijan: Ba\u011fanis Ayrum, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u018fskipara, Xeyrimli, and Q\u0131z\u0131lhac\u0131l\u0131.[6] [...] - ^ Lt-Gen. William Monteith, Kars and Erzeroum: With the Campaigns of Prince Paskiewitch, in 1828 and 1829; and an Account of the conquests of Russia beyond the Caucasus, from the time of Peter the Great to the Treaty of Turcoman Chie and Adrianople, London: Longman, 1856, p. 60 - ^ \"Erm\u0259nistan-Az\u0259rbaycan, Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f m\u00fcnaqi\u015f\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Qazax rayonunda h\u0259rbi t\u0259cav\u00fcz\u00fcn n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri bar\u0259d\u0259 M\u018fLUMAT\". www.qazax-ih.gov.az. KAZAKH DISTRICT EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN. 3 December 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Yaradullu is a territory of Azerbaijan", "evidence": "Yaradullu is a village in the Agstafa Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Tatl\u0131.[1]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Khuriya Muriya Islands is a territory of Oman", "evidence": "The Khuriya Muriya Islands (also Kuria Muria, Kooria Mooria, Curia Muria) (Arabic: \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627; transliterated: Juzur Khur\u012by\u0101 Mur\u012by\u0101 or Kh\u016bry\u0101n M\u016bry\u0101n) are a group of five islands in the Arabian Sea, 40 km (25 mi) off the southeastern coast of Oman. The islands form part of the province of Shalim and the Hallaniyat Islands in the governorate of Dhofar. History [edit]In antiquity the islands were called the Zenobii or Zenobiou Islands (Greek: \u0396\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1; Latin: Zenobii Insulae) or Doliche (Greek: \u0394\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c7\u03b7). The islands were mentioned by several early writers including Ptolemy (vi. 7. \u00a7 47) who numbered them as seven small islands lying in Khuriya Muriya Bay (Greek: \u03a3\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2; Latin: Sinus Sachalites), towards the entrance of the \"Persian Gulf\" (most likely the modern Gulf of Aden).[1] The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a periplus dated to between AD 40 and 70, thus mentioned the Khuriya Muriya Islands, then called Isles of Zenobios: [...] - ^ \"Halaaniyaat Islands\". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea", "evidence": "Korea (Korean: \ud55c\uad6d, romanized: Hanguk in South Korea, or \uc870\uc120, Chos\u014fn in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (\ud55c\ubc18\ub3c4, Hanbando in South Korea, or \uc870\uc120\ubc18\ub3c4, Chos\u014fnbando in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically divided at or near the 38th parallel; in 1948, two states declared independence, both claiming sovereignty over the entire region: North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) in its northern half and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) in the south, which fought the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The region is bordered by China to the north and Russia to the northeast, across the Amnok (Yalu) and Duman (Tumen) rivers, and is separated from Japan to the southeast by the Korea Strait. [...] The Three Kingdoms of Korea consisted of Goguryeo, Silla, and Baekje. Silla and Baekje controlled the southern half of the Korean Peninsula, maintaining the former Samhan territories, while Goguryeo controlled the northern half of the Korean Peninsula, Manchuria and the Liaodong Peninsula, uniting Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye, and other states in the former Gojoseon territories.[19]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "plazas de soberan\u00eda is a territory of Morocco", "evidence": "The plazas de soberan\u00eda (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8pla\u03b8as \u00f0e so\u03b2e\u027ea\u02c8ni.a], lit. \"strongholds of sovereignty\")[3] is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492\u20131556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa. [...] - Mari\u00f1as Otero, Eugenio (1998). \"Las Plazas Menores de soberan\u00eda espa\u00f1ola en \u00c1frica\". MILITARIA. Revista de Cultura Militar. (in Spanish). No. 12. Madrid: UCM. Retrieved 25 March 2020.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Korean Peninsula is a territory of South Korea", "evidence": "Korea (Korean: \ud55c\uad6d, romanized: Hanguk in South Korea, or \uc870\uc120, Chos\u014fn in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (\ud55c\ubc18\ub3c4, Hanbando in South Korea, or \uc870\uc120\ubc18\ub3c4, Chos\u014fnbando in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically divided at or near the 38th parallel; in 1948, two states declared independence, both claiming sovereignty over the entire region: North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) in its northern half and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) in the south, which fought the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The region is bordered by China to the north and Russia to the northeast, across the Amnok (Yalu) and Duman (Tumen) rivers, and is separated from Japan to the southeast by the Korea Strait. [...] Korea consists of a peninsula and nearby islands located in East Asia. The peninsula extends southwards for about 1,100 km (680 mi) from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan to the east and the Yellow Sea (West Sea) to the west, the Korea Strait connecting the two bodies of water.[176][177] To the northwest, the Amnok River separates Korea from China and to the northeast, the Duman River separates it from China and Russia.[178] Notable islands include Jeju Island, Ulleung Island, Dokdo.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Military Demarcation Line is a territory of North Korea", "evidence": "The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is a strip of land running across the Korean Peninsula that serves as a buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea. The DMZ is a de facto border barrier and divides the Korean Peninsula approximately in half. It roughly follows latitude 38\u00b0N (the 38th parallel), the original demarcation line between North Korea and South Korea at the end of World War II. The Demilitarized Zone incorporates territory on both sides of the cease-fire line as it existed at the end of the Korean War (1950-1953), and was created by pulling back the respective forces 1.2 miles along each side of the line. [...] The Armistice Agreement for the Restoration of the South Korean State was signed on July 27th, 1953, and resulted in the creation of the DMZ as each side agreed to move their troops 1.2 miles back from the front line, establishing a 2.5-mile wide buffer zone. The Military Demarcation Line (DML) goes through the center of the DMZ and indicates where the front was when the agreement was signed. Owing to this theoretical stalemate and genuine hostility between North and South Korea, large numbers of troops are still stationed along both sides of the buffer zone. Each side holds constant guard against potential aggression from the other side, even 68 years after its establishment. The armistice agreement clearly explains the number of military personnel and what kind of weapons are allowed in the DMZ.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "Against these claims, the Russian counterargument is that the 1855 Treaty fixed the border in the Chishima (Kurile) region confirming that the islands north of Uruppu were Russian territory while Karafuto (Sakhalin) remained unpartitioned between Japan and Russia and that, under the 1875 Treaty for the Exchange of Sakhalin for the Kurile Islands, Japan exchanged its title to Karafuto (Sakhalin) with the Kurile Islands; as a result, it was established that Sakhalin was Russian territory; nonetheless Japan started the Russo-Japanese War and attempted to take Sakhalin (had the southern half ceded to them under the 1905 Portsmouth Peace Treaty); and therefore Japan had no right to bring up border agreements that Japan itself had violated.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Japan", "evidence": "Karafuto Agency, from 1943 Karafuto Prefecture,[a] commonly known as South Sakhalin, was a part of the Empire of Japan on Sakhalin. It was part of the gaichi from 1907 to 1943 and later a prefecture as part of the naichi until 1945. Karafuto became a territory of the Empire of Japan in 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War, when the portion of Sakhalin south of 50\u00b0N was ceded from the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Portsmouth. Karafuto was established in 1907 as an external territory, until being upgraded to an \"Inner Land\" of the Japanese metropole in 1943. \u014ctomari (Korsakov) was the capital of Karafuto from 1905 to 1908 and Toyohara (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) from 1908 to 1945. [...] In 1920, Karafuto was officially designated an external territory of Japan, and its administration and development came under the aegis of the Ministry of Colonial Affairs. Following the Nikolaevsk Incident in 1920, Japan briefly seized the northern half of Sakhalin, and occupied it until the establishment of formal diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union in 1925; however, Japan continued to maintain petroleum and coal concessions in northern Sakhalin until 1944. In 1943, the status of Karafuto was upgraded to that of an \"inner land\", making it an integral part of the Empire of Japan.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Japan", "evidence": "The Kuril Islands are known in Japanese as the Chishima Islands (literally Thousand Islands Archipelago) also known as the Kuriru Islands (literally Kuril Archipelago). The name Kuril originates from the autonym of the aboriginal Ainu: \"kur,\" meaning man. It may also be related to names for other islands that have traditionally been inhabited by the Ainu people, such as Kuyi or Kuye for Sakhalin and Kai for Hokkaid\u014d. [...] The Kuril Islands first came under Japanese administration in the fifteenth century during the early Edo period of Japan, in the form of claims by the Matsumae clan, and play an important role in the development of the islands. It is believed that the Japanese knew of the northern islands 370 years ago, [8] as the initial explorations were of the southernmost parts of the islands. However, trade between these islands and Ezo (Hokkaid\u014d) existed long before then. On \"Sh\u014dh\u014d Onkuko Ezu,\" a map of Japan made by the Tokugawa shogunate, in 1644, there are 39 large and small islands shown northeast of the Shiretoko peninsula and Cape Nosappu. In 1698 V. Atlasov discovered the island which was later named in his honor. [...] The Kuril Island dispute is a dispute between Japan and Russia over sovereignty of the four southernmost Kuril Islands. The disputed islands are currently under Russian administration as part of the Sakhalin Oblast, but are also claimed by Japan, which refers to them as the Northern Territories or Southern Chishima. The disputed islands are:", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "The Kuril Islands (Kurilskiye Ostrova, in Russian, and known as Northern Territories/Southern Chishima in Japan, or Chishima-rett\u014d) form a natural barrier between the Sea of Okhotsk and North Pacific Ocean. Extending 1,200 kilometres between the southern tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Japanese island of Hokkaido, it consists of 56 islands that cover 15,600 square kilometres. The four islands (the Southern Kurils) at the heart of the dispute are Iturup (Etorofu), Kunashir (Kunashiri), Shikotan, and Habomai. The islands are currently administered by Sakhalin Oblast as South Kuril District. Tectonically and volcanically active, the Kuril archipelago is inhabited by over 10,000 people from various ethnic groups, as well as several thousand Russian troops (Kaczynski 2007; Elleman, Nichols, and Ouimet 1999, 490). [...] Russia stresses that its sovereignty over the islands is not to be discussed, holding that its possession of the South Kurils is legal, thus, especially in view of the amendments to the Russian Constitution which bars any transfer of national territory, \u2018no changes are possible in this position\u2019 (Zakharova 2020). The Russian government also rejects the argument that the islands would be returned to Tokyo upon the completion of a peace treaty with Japan (MOFA of the Russian Federation 2020).", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of Japan", "evidence": "The Liancourt Rocks dispute, also called the Takeshima dispute or Dokdo dispute is a territorial dispute between South Korea and Japan[1][2][3][4] regarding sovereignty over the Liancourt Rocks, a group of small islets in the Sea of Japan. The rocks also go by the names Dokdo (Korean: \ub3c5\ub3c4; Hanja: \u7368\u5cf6) and Takeshima (Japanese: \u7af9\u5cf6).[5] North Korea also claims sovereignty of the islands, but has not pursued its claim to the same extent as the other parties.[6] [...] - ^ MOFA of Korea, Tokdo kwan'gye charyojip (Collection of Data on Tokdo) (I) Wangbok oegyio munso (Diplomatic Correspondence Exchanged); Chipmu charyo (Reference Material for Staff), (Seoul: MFA, 1997), pp. 234, 236, 250 via Kim, Myung-Ki, A Study of Legal Aspects of Japan's Claim to Tokdo, Korea Observer, Autumn 1997, p. 361, MOFA of Japan stated in a memorandum of July 3, 1962, \"The Japanese government has made clear the position of its claim that Takeshima is Japan's inherent territory from olden times and is now reconfirming repeatedly that position.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of North Korea", "evidence": "The Liancourt Rocks dispute, also called the Takeshima dispute or Dokdo dispute is a territorial dispute between South Korea and Japan[1][2][3][4] regarding sovereignty over the Liancourt Rocks, a group of small islets in the Sea of Japan. The rocks also go by the names Dokdo (Korean: \ub3c5\ub3c4; Hanja: \u7368\u5cf6) and Takeshima (Japanese: \u7af9\u5cf6).[5] North Korea also claims sovereignty of the islands, but has not pursued its claim to the same extent as the other parties.[6]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of South Korea", "evidence": "Furthermore, even in the Korean media there are such statements as given in the article headlined \"Argument That 'Dokdo [Takeshima] Is Korean Territory on Old Maps' Ineffective in International Adjudication\" in the August 17, 2012, edition of the Hankyoreh newspaper, shortly after President Lee Myung-bak's visit to Takeshima. Based on precedents from International Court of Justice rulings in disputes between Thailand and Cambodia and between Malaysia and Indonesia, the article states: [...] In other words, even if Takeshima is included in the \"Korea\" section, we can confirm that the interpretation by Lee Sang-tae, chairman of the Korean Research Association of Old Maps, that \"The fact that the Japanese government officially published a map which included Dokdo as part of Korea can be seen to indicate that Japan officially saw Dokdo as an inherent part of Korean territory\" is completely groundless. [...] - 2012. \"Argument That 'Dokdo [Takeshima] Is Korean Territory on Old Maps' Ineffective in International Adjudication: Historical Entitlement May Not Be Considered Important . . . Despite 50 Years Effective Korean Control . . . Japan Has Raised Steady Objections,\" Hankyoreh, August 17. http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/diplomacy/547540.html (Korean only; accessed on February 27, 2015). [\u21a9]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Heglig is a territory of Sudan", "evidence": "Heglig, or Panthou (also spelled Heglieg or Pandthow), is a small town at the border between the South Kordofan state of Sudan and the Unity State in South Sudan. The entirety of Heglig is claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, but administered by Sudan. The area was contested during the Sudanese Civil War. In mid-April 2012, South Sudan's Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) captured the Heglig oil field from Sudan.[1] Sudan took it back at the Second Battle of Heglig ten days later.[2] [...] Heglig is situated within the Muglad Basin, a rift basin which contains much of South Sudan's proven oil reserves. The Heglig oil field was first developed in 1996 by Arakis Energy (now part of Talisman Energy).[citation needed] Today it is operated by the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company.[4] Production at Heglig is reported to have peaked in 2006 and is now in decline.[5] The Heglig oil field is connected to Khartoum and Port Sudan via the Greater Nile Oil Pipeline.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "plazas de soberan\u00eda is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "The plazas de soberan\u00eda (Spanish pronunciation: [\u02c8pla\u03b8as \u00f0e so\u03b2e\u027ea\u02c8ni.a], lit. \"strongholds of sovereignty\")[3] is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492\u20131556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa. Historically, a distinction was made between the so-called \"major places of sovereignty\", comprising the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, and the \"minor places of sovereignty\", referring to a number of islands (and a small peninsula) along the coast. In the present, the term refers mainly to the latter. [...] - \u2191 Mari\u00f1as Otero, Eugenio (1998). \"Las Plazas Menores de soberan\u00eda espa\u00f1ola en \u00c1frica\". MILITARIA. Revista de Cultura Militar. (in Spanish). No. 12. Madrid: UCM. Retrieved 25 March 2020.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh", "evidence": "The Naf River (Bengali: \u09a8\u09be\u09ab \u09a8\u09a6\u09c0 Naf Nodi IPA: [naf nod\u032ai]; Burmese: \u1014\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a [na\u0294 mj\u026a\u0294]; Rakhine: \u1014\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a [n\u025b\u0301 mr\u00e0\u026a\u0294]) is an international river marking the border of southeastern Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar.[1] [...] - June 2012 \u2014 thousands of Rohingya Muslims fleeing sectarian violence in Rakhine State sought refuge across the Naf River in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh,[7][8] though they were often escorted back by Bangladeshi troops.[9][10] On 11 July 2012, Burmese President Thein Sein suggested expelling the Rohingya people from Myanmar or having the UN relocate the 300,000 Rohingya people living in Myanmar, a policy the UN quickly rejected.[10] [...] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ Sifatul Quader Chowdhury (2012), \"Naf River\", in Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.), Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh - ^ \"Arakan: A Field of Muslim Genocide, News From Bangladesh\". bangladesh-web.com.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Naf River is a territory of Myanmar", "evidence": "The Naf River (Bengali: \u09a8\u09be\u09ab \u09a8\u09a6\u09c0 Naf Nodi IPA: [naf nod\u032ai]; Burmese: \u1014\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a [na\u0294 mj\u026a\u0294]; Rakhine: \u1014\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a [n\u025b\u0301 mr\u00e0\u026a\u0294]) is an international river marking the border of southeastern Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar.[1] [...] - 24 March 1994 \u2014 Members of the Myanmar Army's Western Military Command patrolling the Naf River found a group of Rohingya Muslims fishing in a small country boat. The soldiers tried to extort money from the fishermen, but when they were unable to do so, tied them up with rope and brought them to Balu Khali village in Maungdaw Township.[3] Eight of the Rohingya fishermen were interrogated and tortured for five days, and then they were all shot by firing squad.[3] [...] - August 2017 \u2014 The Border Guard Bangladesh station chief of the Ghumdum border post in Bangladesh accused Myanmar's military of firing on fleeing Rohingyas crossing the Naf River. An AFP reporter counted more than a dozen mortar shells and several heavy machine gun rounds fired by Burmese security forces on the fleeing Rohingyas.[11]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Noktundo is a territory of South Korea", "evidence": "Noktundo was an island in the delta of the Tumen River on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia and North Korea.[1] The area of the island was .[2] [3] Noktundo had been Korean territory since the 15th century.[3] The Jurchens took notice of this. In 1587 there was a battle fought on this island between the local Koreans and the invading Jurchens from nearby Russia. At first, the Jurchens successfully sacked the island and captured 160 Koreans as prisoners. As they crossed the river back to their camp with the prisoners, the famed Korean general Yi Sun-Shin, chased after the invaders and rescued 50 Koreans and defended the island. With his army, he later infiltrated the nearby Jurchen army camp, and captured their leader alive.[4] [...] - Web site: http://ru.apircenter.org/publications/the-problem-of-the-noktundo-island-in-the-media-in-south-korea/ . The problem of the Noktundo island in the media in South Korea . ru:\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041d\u043e\u043a\u0442\u0443\u043d\u0434\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0438 . Russian . ru.apircenter.org . 2015-06-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130910052035/http://ru.apircenter.org/publications/the-problem-of-the-noktundo-island-in-the-media-in-south-korea/ . 10 September 2013. live.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Noktundo is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "Noktundo [edit]Noktundo, a former island (now effectively a peninsula) at the mouth of the Tumen, has been a boundary contention between Russia and North Korea.[8] The Qing Dynasty ceded the island to Russia as part of the Primorsky Maritimes (East Tartary) in the 1860 Treaty of Peking.[8] In 1990, the former Soviet Union and North Korea signed a border treaty which made the border run through the center of the river, leaving territory of the former island on Russian side. South Korea refuses to acknowledge the treaty and demanded that Russia return the territory to Korea.[9] [...] - ^ \"The problem of the Noktundo island in the media in South Korea (\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041d\u043e\u043a\u0442\u0443\u043d\u0434\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0438)\" (in Russian). ru.apircenter.org. Archived from the original on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2015.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Pedra Branca is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "On 13 November, Malaysia's Agent, Ambassador-at-Large Abdul Kadir Mohamad, alleged that Singapore was trying to \"subvert\" a 150-year-old arrangement under which Singapore operated Horsburgh Lighthouse on Pedra Branca, which was Malaysia's territory. He also suggested that if permitted to do so, Singapore would upset the peace and stability of the area where the island is located. He said that if Singapore reclaimed land around Pedra Branca, \"[q]uite apart from the possible effects on the environment and navigation in the Strait, this could lead to potentially serious changes to the security arrangements in the eastern entrance of the Strait\".[66] According to Malaysian Attorney-General Abdul Gani Patail, Singapore had first raised the issue of sovereignty over Pedra Branca on 13 April 1978 during a meeting between officials, saying it had \"incontrovertible legal evidence\" of its sovereignty over the island though it had never produced any documents in support. Prior to that, the sovereignty of the island had never been disputed. The 1980 statement by the then Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Hussein Onn concerning the \"unclear\" position of the island had also been premised on these documents which former Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew had claimed were in Singapore's possession.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Singapore and Malaysia concluded the territorial sea boundaries between them in the Strait of Johor in 1995. With the exception of a dispute over port limits in 2018-2019, which was quickly resolved, both countries have mainly respected this boundary. The maritime boundary between the two countries in the Strait of Singapore, however, has always been a complicated issue. Both Singapore and Malaysia disputed three small features located in the Strait of Singapore: Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge. This dispute was brought in front of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and the court delivered its decision in 2008. The ICJ awarded the sovereignty of Pedra Branca, a small island with a lighthouse operating on it, to Singapore, whilst awarding Middle Rocks, two uninhabited rocks, to Malaysia. The sovereignty over South Ledge, a low-tide elevation, to the State in the territorial waters of which it is located as per Article 13 of UNCLOS. [...] The littoral States of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore\u2014Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand\u2014have successfully used bilateral negotiations to agree upon maritime boundaries across a large part of the Malacca Straits and Singapore.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore", "evidence": "The Singapore Strait is a waterway south of Singapore which links the Strait of Melaka to the South China Sea. Before the age of European colonialism, it was an important shipping route used by traders and travellers plying between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. The founding of Singapore in 1819 and the developments that followed saw a dramatic increase of shipping traffic to these waters, thus increasing the Singapore Strait\u2019s importance as the main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea.1 The Singapore Strait is currently one of the busiest commercial routes in the world.2 The Singapore Strait is situated south of Singapore, between the south-eastern tip of the Malay Peninsula and north of Indonesia\u2019s Riau Islands. Running east and west, it connects the southern end of the Melaka Strait at its western end to the South China Sea at its eastern end.3 [...] The Singapore Strait is located between two major trading zones \u2013 the trading zone of greater Bay of Bengal in the west and the mainland and trading ports of the South China Sea in the east.6 Before the advent of Europeans into the Indian Ocean Basin in the 15th century, the strait was an important shipping route used by traders and travellers plying between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea.7", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Indian Ocean, halfway between Tanzania and Indonesia. The territory comprises the seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 individual islands, many very small, amounting to a total land area of 60 square kilometres (23 square miles).[3] The largest and most southerly island is Diego Garcia, 27 square kilometres (10 square miles), the site of a Joint Military Facility of the United Kingdom and the United States.[6] Official administration is remote from London,[7][8] though the local capital is often regarded as being on Diego Garcia.[9]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "O'Tangav is a territory of Laos", "evidence": "The government is still waiting for Vientiane\u2019s Terms of Reference (ToR) to proceed with the delivery of a joint letter requesting that the French government supply maps and other related documents to settle a border dispute with Laos, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation spokesman, Ket Sophann said. [...] Territorial disputes with Laos became a hot issue after Laotian troops allegedly trespassed into the O\u2019Alay and O\u2019Tangav areas in Stung Treng province\u2019s Siem Pang district, causing a standoff between the two countries. In September last year, both Hun Sen and Sisoulith agreed to designate the O\u2019Tangav area as a no man\u2019s land and increase joint patrols of Cambodian and Laotian troops there, following the August 2017 standoff.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Stung Treng Province is a territory of Laos", "evidence": "Stung Treng is a beautiful province located on a high sandy bank overlooking the Mekong River. It is about 455 km from Phnom Penh and some 40 km to the Laos border. This charming city is linked to Banlung (Rattanak Kiri) and is more than just a \u2018stopover\u2019. The Sekong Bridge, itself an attraction, serves as a convenient passage to the border of Laos. There are several noteworthy attractions in the province of Stung Treng. The incredible Sopheakmith Waterfall never ceases to mesmerise visitors, and neither does the stretch of the mighty Mekong, which is home to the incredibly rare Irrawaddy dolphins. [...] Both the Hang Kho Ba pagoda, which is over 300 years old, and the Hang Savat pagoda are of cultural and historical interest. The majority of the people there speak Lao. Steung Treng province, in which Hang Kho Ba resides, is famed for two local specialties \u2013 sweet tamarind fruit and Pa Si Y fish (Pava fish).", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia", "evidence": "Steung Treng, officially Stung Treng (Khmer: \u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17b9\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1784, \"River of Reeds\"), is a province (khaet) of Cambodia located in the northeast. It borders the provinces of Ratanakiri to the east, Mondulkiri and Kratie to the south and Kampong Thom and Preah Vihear to the west. Its northern boundary is Cambodia's international border with Laos. The Mekong river crosses the province roughly through the center. [...] Stung Treng province, which covers an area of 11,092 square kilometres, is a remote and sparsely populated province in the northeast of Cambodia. It borders Lao to the north, Ratanakiri to the east, Preah Vihear to the west and Kratie and Kompong Thom to the south. The province is divided into five district, 34 communes and 128 villages. Stung Treng is a unique province quite distinct from other Cambodian provinces in the Mekong basin.Extensive forests, intersecting rivers and streams and low population density characterize it. Stung Treng includes also the western chunk of the massive Virachey National Park, accessible from Siem Pang, a small beautiful town on the Tonle Kong. The province also features three big rivers the Tonle Kong, the Tonle San and the mighty Mekong with its hundreds of small islands scattered on the river stretch in Stung Treng Province.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia", "evidence": "Prasat Preah Vihear (\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u179c\u17b7\u17a0\u17b6\u179a) is a Khmer (Cambodian) temple crowning a 525-m cliff in the D\u00e2ngr\u00eak Mountains in Cambodia, across the border from Si Saket and Kantharalak in northeastern Thailand. It is also the name of the surrounding province. [...] Though at the edge of a cliff whose top mostly belongs to present-day Thailand, and for some years occupied by that country, the temple was nonetheless claimed by Cambodia on the basis of a map prepared during French colonial times. In 1959 Cambodia brought the dispute to the International Court of Justice, which in 1962 ruled that, because Thailand had for years accepted this map, Cambodia had sovereignty over Preah Vihear. Soon afterwards Cambodia was plunged into civil war. The temple remained open to the public from Thailand (although unreachable from Cambodia) until 1975, when it was occupied by the Khmer Rouge, whose rusting artillery guns still litter the area. It was re-opened from the Thai side in 1998, and in 2003 Cambodia completed the construction of a long-awaited access road allowing Cambodians to visit the temple. In 2008, after a contentious nomination process, the temple was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [...] Stay safe [edit]Preah Vihear is the subject of a long-running territorial dispute between Thailand and Cambodia, and several soldiers on both sides were killed in clashes in 2008, 2009 & 2011. In Nov 2013 the UN's International Court of Justice ruled that the temple area and most of the disputed land were sovereign Cambodian territory. Thai officials pledged to abide by the ruling.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Thailand", "evidence": "Khao Phra Wihan National Park (Thai: \u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e40\u0e02\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e34\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23) is a protected natural area in Sisaket Province, Thailand, that contains numerous ruins of the 11th century Khmer Empire. The park lies 98 km (61 mi) south of the town of Sisaket, at the end of Thai highway 221. Sited on a red stone cliff that is part of the Dangrek mountain range on the southern edge of the Khorat Plateau, it abuts the international border between Thailand's Sisaket Province and Cambodia's Preah Vihear Province. The name of the cliff in the Royal Thai General System of Transcription is Pha Mo I Daeng (\u0e1c\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e41\u0e14\u0e07). The park was established on 20 March 1998,[1] with an area of 81,250 rai ~ 130 square kilometres (50 sq mi).[2]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Cambodia", "evidence": "The park\u2019s territory lines Thailand-Cambodia border, over high cliff and lush forest of Dongrek Range. Khao Phra Wihan National Park acquires 130 square kilometres area of Amphoe Kantharalak of Si Sa Ket, Sub Amhoe Nam Khun and Amphoe Nam Yuen of Ubon Ratchathani. The country\u2019s 83rd National Park was established on March 20, 1998. [...] Phra Wihan National Park features attractions and interesting activities including: [...] Khao Phra Wihan National Park (All)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Qaruh is a territory of Kuwait", "evidence": "KUWAIT: Despite being Kuwait\u2019s smallest Island, Qaruh holds a significant place in the hearts of Kuwaitis for being the first land to be liberated from the Iraqi aggressors in 1991. Located around 37 kilometers from the Kuwaiti mainland, the island\u2019s name \"Qaruh\" was derived from the presence of tar (Qar) residues on the Island. Kuwaiti researcher on islands affairs Khaled Salem Al-Ansari said that Qaruh, similar to many other Kuwaiti Islands, was not inhabited by people, unlike the only inhabited Failaka Island. He added that the Island is part of the capital governorate in the administrative categorization. Al-Ansari said that Qaruh was roughly 275 meters long by 175 in width. Regarding the current status of the Island, the Kuwaiti researcher said that the Island had a 15-meter-long lighthouse to warn ships and vessels of the sharp rocks located near Qaruh, noting that in the past, Kuwaiti sailors used to stop at the Island and then sail to a nearby location for pearl diving. Al-Ansari also noted that Qaruh Island was host for different kinds of seabirds, adding that some plants grew on the Island. \u2014KUNA", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia", "evidence": "Umm al Maradim (Arabic: \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0645)(Translation: Mother of boulders) is an island located at the extreme south of Kuwait's marine borders near the junction with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Umm Al-Maradim is surrounded by deep waters which enable ships to land directly at its shores - an advantage which is not available on most Kuwaiti islands. It is 1.5 kilometres (0.9 miles) in length and 540 metres (1,770 feet) in width, which represents an area of approximately 65 hectares (160 acres). It is an oval-shaped island with a sand cape. Pearl oysters breed around the island's seabed. [...] Umm Al-Maradim was the first Kuwaiti land to be liberated from the Invasion of Kuwait in 1991. On its territory the Kuwaiti flag was hoisted again proclaiming the defeat of aggression and the restoration of legality.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sabah is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Sabah (Malay pronunciation: [\u02c8sabah]) is a state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah has land borders with the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and Indonesia's North Kalimantan province to the south. The Federal Territory of Labuan is an island just off Sabah's west coast. Sabah shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the west and the Philippines to the north and east. Kota Kinabalu is the state capital and the economic centre of the state, and the seat of the Sabah State government. Other major towns in Sabah include Sandakan and Tawau. The 2020 census recorded a population of 3,418,785 in the state.[11] It has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests, abundant with animal and plant species. The state has long mountain ranges on the west side which forms part of the Crocker Range National Park. Kinabatangan River, the second longest river in Malaysia runs through Sabah. The highest point of Sabah, Mount Kinabalu is also the highest point of Malaysia. [...] Prior to the formation of Malaysia in 1963, the then North Borneo interim government submitted a 20-point agreement to the Malayan government as conditions before North Borneo would join the federation. Subsequently, North Borneo legislative assembly agreed on the formation of Malaysia on the conditions that North Borneo's rights would be safeguarded. North Borneo then entered Malaysia as an autonomous state with autonomous laws in immigration control and Native Customary Rights (NCR), and the territory name was changed to \"Sabah\".", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Sabah is a territory of Philippines", "evidence": "Constancio B. Maglana, a member of the House of Representatives published Sabah is Philippines (1969), and in a privilege speech, apart from laying the basis for the Philippine claim, also advocated the prosecution of the claim. [106] [...] Congress approves Senate Bill No. 954 that delinates the baselines of the Philippines and provides that \"the territory of Sabah, situated in North Borneo, over which the Republic of the Philippines has acquired dominion and sovereignty.\" [...] [89] Philippine Claim to Sabah (North Borneo) Vol. II [90] Original Document: Agreement relating to Malaysia, 1963 [91] Original Document: Manila Accord sign on July 31, 1963 by President Soekarno, President Macapagal, and Prime Minister Tunku.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Siachen Glacier is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "The 75-km long Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram Range of the Himalayas. It lies to the north of Point NJ 9842, where the Line of Control (LoC) between India and Pakistan ends. [...] That perception changed a few years later. In the late 1970s India woke up to the fact that publications abroad, including U.S. government documents, were carrying maps that showed the LoC extending northeast from NJ 9842 to the Karakoram Pass. In other words, the Siachen Glacier was appearing in maps as part of Pakistani territory. Besides, it learned that Pakistan was permitting Western mountaineers access to the Siachen and the ridges flanking it, quietly establishing its claim over the area. [...] The two countries base their claims over the glacier on different interpretation of the words \"\u2026 thence north to the glaciers\" in the 1949 and 1972 Agreements. To Pakistan it means a straight line from NJ 9842 in a northeasterly direction to the Karakoram Pass, giving it control over the Siachen Glacier. India argues that from NJ 9842, the boundary line should run through the nearest watershed, the Saltoro Ridge, which means that the glacier is rightfully India\u2019s.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Siachen Glacier is a territory of India", "evidence": "The Siachen region is strategically important for India because it separates Pakistan from China. It also enables India to monitor the Gilgit and Baltistan regions of Pakistan. For Pakistan, the region provides direct access to China. However, until the 1970s the region was unpopulated. In the late 1970s Col. Narinder (\"Bull\") Kumar, a mountaineer in the Indian Army, saw a U.S.-drawn map of northern Kashmir that showed the Siachen Glacier as part of Pakistan. Pakistan had been giving permits to foreign mountaineers to climb around the glacier throughout the 1970s, creating the impression that it was Pakistani territory. Kumar received permission for a counter-expedition in 1978, and by 1981 he had mapped the entire glacier up to the Chinese border. In 1984, after receiving intelligence of a planned Pakistani troop dispatch to the region, India launched the secret Project Meghdoot (\"Cloud Messenger,\" named for the Meghaduta, a well-known classical Sanskrit poem), positioning its troops in Siachen a week before Pakistan could deploy its forces. India thus took control of the entire glacier. Despite a few subsequent skirmishes between Indian and Pakistani forces, India retained control.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Saltoro Ridge is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "The Siachen Glacier became a bone of contention following a vague demarcation of territories in the Karachi Agreement of July 1949 which did not exactly specify who had authority over the Siachen Glacier area. Indian interpretation was that Pakistan territory extended only to about the Saltoro Ridge, where the territorial line's route after the last demarcated Point NJ9842 was \"thence north to the glaciers.\" Pakistan interpretation was that their territory continued northeast from Point NJ9842 to the Karakoram Pass. As a result, both nations claimed the barren heights and the Siachen Glacier. [...] The operation resulted in India gaining the 70 kilometers long Siachen Glacier and all of its tributary glaciers, as well as the three main passes on the Saltoro Ridge immediately west of the glacier; Sia La, Bilafond La, and Gyong La. Thus, giving India the tactical advantage of holding higher grounds. The AGPL runs roughly along the Saltoro Ridge which extends nearly 120 kilometers from Point NJ9842 to the Shaksgam Tract (a part of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir; which Pakistan had illegally ceded to China in 1963).", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Chagos Archipelago is a territory of Maldives", "evidence": "The Chagos Archipelago (/\u02c8t\u0283\u0251\u02d0\u0261o\u028as/ or /\u02c8t\u0283\u0251\u02d0\u0261\u0259s/) or Chagos Islands (formerly the Bassas de Chagas,[1] and later the Oil Islands) is a group of seven atolls in the Indian Ocean. The atolls are made up of more than 60 individual islands. The islands are located about 500 kilometres (310 mi) south of Maldives. The International community has a strong consensus that the islands are part of Mauritius, but nevertheless, they remain illegally occupied by the United Kingdom, which rents out the islands to the US for a military base. On 25 February 2019, in an advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice found that the United Kingdom illegally separated the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius after its independence in 1968. The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution on May 22, 2019, commanding Great Britain to return the Chagos Archipelago to the Republic of Mauritius within six months, which would allow Chagossians to recover their land, but Great Britain refused to comply.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Sir Creek is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "Sir Creek - Sir Creek is a 96-km strip of water disputed between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands. Originally named Ban Ganga, Sir Creek is named after a British representative. [...] - Pakistan, however, claims that Sir Creek isn\u2019t navigable but India claims that since it\u2019s navigable in high tide, the boundary should be drawn from the mid channel. [...] - Apart from the strategic location, Sir Creek\u2019s core importance is fishing resources. Sir Creek is considered to be among the largest fishing grounds in Asia.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Sir Creek is a territory of India", "evidence": "For the first time, India is constructing \"permanent vertical bunkers\" of concrete to station BSF troops right at the strategically significant Sir Creek and 'Harami Nalla' marshy area along the India-Pakistan International Border in Gujarat, official sources said. [...] While three pylon-shaped towers are coming up in the Sir Creek area, a 4,050 sq km marshy area between India and Pakistan, five such concrete structures will be constructed by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) along the 'harami nalla' area spread across 900 sq km, sources said. [...] Sir Creek is a 98-km disputed territory between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands, which opens up into the Arabian Sea. It divides the Kutch region of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan. The two countries have been holding talks to resolve issues related to the border dispute here.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Myanmar", "evidence": "Three Pagodas Pass (Phlone \u1000\u1060\u1036\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1016\u1060\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u102b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102b\u1010\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1037; Burmese: \u1018\u102f\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1006\u1030 \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038, Paya Thon Zu Taung Za Lang, Burmese pronunciation: [p\u02b0aj\u00e1 \u03b8\u00f3\u028a\u0270\u0303 z\u00f9 t\u00e0\u028a\u0270\u0303 d\u0291\u00e1 l\u00e1\u0270\u0303]; Thai: \u0e14\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c, RTGS: Dan Chedi Sam Ong, Thai pronunciation: [d\u00e0\u02d0n t\u0255e\u02d0di\u02d0 s\u01ce\u02d0m \u0294o\u014b]) is a pass in the Tenasserim Hills on the border between Thailand and Myanmar (Burma), at an elevation of 282 metres (925 ft). The pass links the town of Sangkhla Buri in the north of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, to the town of Payathonsu in the south of Kayin State, Myanmar. [...] Tourism [edit]Three Pagodas Pass is popular with tourists, who are allowed to obtain a one-day visa from the Thai side to visit Payathonsu. Attractions on the Burmese side include wooden furniture, jade carvings, and textiles. Thai tourists are allowed in as of 2011, while other tourists are not, due to its status as a temporary border checkpoint which only allows day trips between the two neighbouring countries.[9][10] [...] References [edit]- ^ Three Pagodas Pass, Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica - ^ a b Thailand Highlight - ^ a b \"Battle erupts in Myanmar opposite Three Pagodas Pass\". Bangkok Post. 25 April 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2022.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Thailand", "evidence": "Three Pagodas Pass (Thai: \u0e14\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c Darn Chedi Sam Ong) is on the Thai-Myanmar border, but accessible to foreigners only from the Thai side. It is between Sangkhlaburi in Thailand and Payathonzu in Myanmar. Understand [edit]Three Pagodas Pass was for centuries on the main land route between India and South East Asia. The strategic location was last exploited during World War II by the Japanese, who used POW labour to build the infamous Death Railway to ferry supplies to Burma from Bangkok. [...] From Myanmar: the nearest town is Payathonzu, however foreigners can only get there using the border crossing from Thailand. The border crossing at Three Pagodas Pass is in a state of flux, but was reopened in 2010. As of Jan 2012 it was open to Thai citizens, but not to foreigners.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ukatnyy is a territory of Kazakhstan", "evidence": "Template:Infobox settlement Ukatnyy or Ukatny is an island in the northern Caspian Sea. It is located off the eastern end of the mouths of the Volga.[1][2] Ukatnyy Island is marshy. It has a length of 6.2 km and a maximum width of 4.3 km. It lies in an offshore oil producing area. Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ukatnyy is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "Jump to search island in Russia - Ukatnyy [...] - azwiki Ukatn\u0131y adas\u0131 - bewiki \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b - cebwiki Ostrov Ukatnyy - enwiki Ukatny Island - fawiki \u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0646\u06cc - frwiki \u00cele Oukatny - idwiki Pulau Ukatnyy - ruwiki \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan", "evidence": "Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] [...] - Zhestky (Ostrov Zhestky) Template:Coord. Located about 8 km to the WSW of Ukatny's southern tip.[6] - Maly Zhemchuzhny. More a sandbank than a proper island.[7]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Zhestky is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev as president of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the start of the USSR\u2019s collapse\u2014but not the collapse itself. While the USSR ceased to exist as a legal entity after 1991, the collapse of the USSR is still happening today. The two Chechen Wars, Russia\u2019s invasion of Georgia in 2008, Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, the on-and-off border skirmishes between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and the 2020 Second Karabakh War between Armenia and Azerbaijan are just a few examples showing that the Soviet Union is still collapsing today. [...] - Russia will further fragment. The dissolution of the Russian Federation, whether de facto or de jure, could shatter Russia geopolitically. This further fragmentation will likely not be as straightforward or \"clean cut\" as the emergence of the 15 new states after the legal dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Policymakers should assume that further fragmentation of Russia will be more like Chechnya in 1994 (brutal conflict) than Estonia in 1991(peaceful and straightforward), for example. [...] 6. What does the US need to do to coordinate an international or regional response to resolving existing border disputes between the Russian Federation and some of its neighbors? These include the disputed islands of Ukatnyy, Zhestky, and Maly Zhemchuzhny in the Caspian Sea,6 the Estonian-Russian de facto border,7 the status of the Northern Territories,8 and possibly the Karelian Question.9 These might seem small issues to Western policymakers located thousands of miles away, but each has the potential to become a regional problem that could have global implications.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy is a territory of Kazakhstan", "evidence": "Meeting under Aktau Protocol [...] Read moreMalyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is located in the northwestern Caspian Sea, 80 km from the sea edge of the Volga delta. It is formed from Read moreMalyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is a piece of land in the Caspian Sea. It is an amazing place. Every spring and summer, the island", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ras Doumeira is a territory of Eritrea", "evidence": "There was now no other choice but to mass troops at the border and defend the territory, he said. The good offices of the African Union, the Organization of the Islamic Conference and of the United Nations were being sought to resolve the dispute. His country was determined to recover the entirety of its territory, including Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island. Djibouti's forces had been withdrawn to their earlier positions in response to the Council's presidential statement. [...] The exact position of the land boundary in Ras Doumeira is critical for establishing whether Eritrea has actually occupied Djibouti territory since March, as claimed by Djibouti authorities. The position of the borderline would also be critical if the two States were to negotiate their maritime boundary on the Red Sea. In 1996, Eritrea made an attempt to seize control of Ras Doumeira. The ensuing dispute was short-lived and was resolved through bilateral mechanisms, but the question of the borderline remained unresolved, the report says. [...] He said the high point of the mission had been a visit to Doumeira, where it could see the deployment of the two forces. Given that Eritrea continued to reject efforts to diffuse the tension, it was becoming clear that Eritrea did not want to abide by international standards and obligations. Confronted with a silent aggressor, discussion could not find place. His country was determined to recover the entirety of its territory, including Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island. Djibouti's forces had been withdrawn to the status quo ante in response to the Council's presidential statement.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Ungar-Too is a territory of Kyrgyzstan", "evidence": "When Mirziyoyev became acting president in September 2016 after the death of predecessor Islam Karimov, Uzbek troops were occupying Ungar-Too, a mountain with a transmission relay station just inside Kyrgyzstan. [...] Ungar-Too is part of the border deal Mirziyoyev and Japarov have just signed. It is officially Kyrgyz territory now. While that might please some Kyrgyz residents of the Ungar-Too area, the part of the deal that has ceded the Kempir-Abad reservoir to Uzbekistan sparked protests from more than 1,000 people in Kyrgyz villages near the reservoir.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Vozrozhdeniya Island is a territory of Kazakhstan", "evidence": "Vozrozhdeniya Island (Russian: \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f|t=Rebirth Island|a=Ru-\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.ogg|p=v\u0259zr\u0250\u02c8\u0290d\u02b2en\u02b2\u026aj\u0259; Kazakh: \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b, Vozrojdenie araly; Uzbek: \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438, Vozrojdeniye oroli) was an island in the Aral Sea. The former island's territory is split between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In 1954, the Soviet Union constructed a biological weapons test site called Aralsk-7 there and on the neighbouring Komsomolskiy Island, which also no longer exists.[1] Vozrozhdeniya was once a small island; it was only in the nineteenth century.[2] However, in the 1960s, the island began to grow in size as the Aral Sea began drying up as the Soviet Union dammed its feeder rivers for agricultural projects.[3] The shrinkage of the Aral continued and accelerated over time, and the receding waters briefly made Vozrozhdeniya the second-largest fresh water island in the world, at 2300km2,[4] in the final days of its existence in mid-2001, becoming a peninsula when the South Aral Sea dried up enough that the island joined the mainland.[5] Upon the disappearance of the Southeast Aral Sea in 2008, Vozrozhdeniya was simply a part of the surrounding land, and by 2014 it was simply a part of the land within the extensive Aralkum Desert.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Limbang District is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Limbang is a border city and the capital of Limbang District in the Limbang Division of northern Sarawak, East Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. It is placed on the banks of the Limbang River, between the two halves of Brunei. The Limbang District, which these days is part of Sarawak, become originally part of the Sultanate of Brunei following the founding of the Bruneian Empire and remained so till the reign of Sultan Hashim. However, it turned into most effective after the signing of the Treaty of Protection of 1888 that Brunei lost control over the territory, taken through force. This treaty finally did no longer shop Brunei from overseas intervention because the British did no longer save you Charles Brooke from seizing Limbang in 1890. In 1901 and 1902, Brooke and Hewett requested Sultan Hashim to cede Belait and Tutong to them however Sultan Hashim refused and said, \"What would appear to me, my chiefs and my descendants? I ought to be left like a tree, stripped of branches and twigs\".\"The lack of Limbang had crippled him, like the loss of a limb\". Limbang monetary importance was realised from the 15th century until now. When Limbang became nonetheless below the rule of thumb of Brunei, Limbang turned into taken into consideration because the \"Rice Bowl\" of Brunei as Limbang turned into a major manufacturer and dealer of sago and rice to Brunei. - Home - Malaysia - Limbang Tours - About Limbang - Log in - Enquiry Form", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Limbang District is a territory of Brunei", "evidence": "The Limbang District is one of the two districts of Limbang Division, Malaysia. It has a total area of 3,978.10 square kilometres.[1] The major town is Limbang. It has one sub-district, which is Nanga Medamit Sub-District. It borders Brunei Darussalam to the west and east, Lawas District to the southeast and Miri District at the south and southwest. Due to being squeezed in between Brunei at its north and coastal areas, Limbang is accessible by road only by going through immigration posts. [...] Limbang area is officially claimed since 1967 (it has been claimed since 1880s after the annexation of Limbang by the White Rajah) by Brunei as part of its integral territory.[5] It is the main part of the Brunei\u2013Malaysia border disputes since Limbang separates Brunei territorially into two parts.[6] [...] Ethnicity [edit]Limbang is traditionally a home to Bruneian Malay, Kedayan, Chinese, Iban, Lun Bawang and Orang Ulu people.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Tuzla Island (Ukrainian: \u0422\u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430, Russian: \u0422\u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430, Crimean Tatar: Tuzla; from Turkic \"tuzla\" \u2013 salty, saline, literally: saltpan) is a sandy islet in the form of a spit located in the middle of the Strait of Kerch, between the Kerch Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The island was formed from part of the Taman Peninsula after a 1925 storm. [...] Tuzla Island was formed when the spit that continued the Taman peninsula suffered from massive erosion during a major storm in 1925.[2] In ancient times (2,500 years ago) the sea level was four meters below the present, which meant that at the site of modern Tuzla was quite an extensive area of land, which was part of the Taman Peninsula. Taman Peninsula itself at that time was part of the Kuban delta, and was separated from the rest of the land by river channels, which drained into the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Some historians identify Tuzla as the island of Alopeka, mentioned by ancient authors, located in the waters of Cimmerian Bosporus, and when the island periodically joined to the Asian shore of the Bosporus, the resulting braid[clarification needed] was used as the entrance to the passage through the narrowest part of the Cimmerian Bosporus, which is located between Alopekoy and the European shore of the Bosporus. Other historians and geologists reject such a hypothesis, believing that neither the island nor the Tuzla Spit existed in ancient times.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Strait of Kerch is a territory of Brunei", "evidence": "Where Is The Kerch Strait? The Kerch Strait is a connection between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It also separates the Kerch and Taman Peninsulas. This stretch of water has a width of 3.1km (1.9 mi) at its narrowest point and 15km (9.3 mi) at its widest point with a depth of 18m (59 ft.) The strait gets its name from the harbor at Kerch. [...] The Kerch Strait is very shallow in some points which hinders passage of big vessels. For this reason, the Kerch-Yenikalskiy canal was built on the channel. The canal can support vessels of up to 215 meters long with a draft reaching up to 8mwith mandatory pilot help.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ras Doumeira is a territory of Djibouti", "evidence": "The UN Security Council has condemned Eritrea for killing at least six soldiers during border raids against Djibouti. The attacks were carried out at Ras Doumeira, a strategic territory both countries claim as their own. [...] The Security Council \"condemns Eritrea's military action against Djibouti in Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island,\" read the declaration, adopted unanimously. Ras Doumeira, in northern Djibouti, is a strategic promontory overlooking the Red Sea.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Sarych is a territory of Brunei", "evidence": "Sarych 44\u00b023\u203214\u2033N 33\u00b044\u203217\u2033E / 44.38722\u00b0N 33.73806\u00b0E Sarych (Ukrainian: \u0421\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0447; Russian: \u0421\u0430\u0301\u0440\u044b\u0447; Crimean Tatar: Sar\u0131\u00e7) is a headland located on the shore of the Black Sea at the southern extremity of the Crimean Peninsula. [...] History [edit]Ancient [edit]The area presently known as Sarych was first referenced as Kriou metopon or Criu metopon (Ancient Greek: \u039a\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd), which means \"ram's forehead\" in Greek.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sea of Azov is a territory of Brunei", "evidence": "The Sea of Azov gets its name from the ancient Azov fortress located on the Don River. The area of the sea is approximately 39,000 sq. km. (15,000 sq. miles), with a coastline that stretches across 2300 kilometers (1,400 miles). [...] The Azov Sea is shared territory between Ukraine and Russia as per the Treaty of 2003. But as of late, Russia has been dominating the Azov sea through military presence across the Azov Sea and the Kerch Strait. [...] As per the treaty of 2003, the Sea of Azov is an internal sea shared between Ukraine and Russia. Both countries have free access to the Sea and the Kerch Strait.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Crimea is a territory of Brunei", "evidence": "Brunei is an incredibly small country that covers an area of 5,765 sq. km (2,226 sq mi) on the island of Borneo. It has a 161 km (100 mi) coastline along the South China Sea. It can be seen on the map above that Brunei is divided into two non-contiguous territories that are separated by the Malaysian State of Sarawak. Brunei shares two separate borders with Malaysia. [...] Brunei Darussalam (officially, Nation of Brunei) is divided into 4 districts. In alphabetical order, these districts are: Belait, Brunei dan Muara, Temburong and Tutong. These districts are further divided into 38 sub-districts and several smaller subdivisions of villages (kampong) and municipalities (bandaran). [...] The country of Brunei is located along the northern coast of the Borneo Island in Southeast Asia. It is situated both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Brunei is bordered by the South China Sea in the north and on all other sides by Malaysia. Brunei is divided into two non-contiguous parts by a portion of the Malaysian State of Sarawak. Brunei shares its maritime borders with China and Malaysia.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Crimea is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Regions and territories: Crimea The Republic of Crimea, a part of Ukraine, lies on a peninsula stretching out from the south of Ukraine between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It is separated from Russia to the east by the narrow Kerch Strait.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Imia/Kardak is a territory of Greece", "evidence": "Turkish jets entered Greek airspace and were intercepted by Greek jets as the defence minister, Panos Kammenos, and military chiefs flew by helicopter to the islet of Imia to drop wreaths in memory of three Greek officers killed nearby in a helicopter crash 19 years ago, the Greek defence ministry said. [...] Imia, known in Turkish as Kardak, lies just seven km (four miles) off the Turkish coast. Greece and Turkey, both members of Nato, have long disputed its sovereignty and, in 1996, came close to war over the islets.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Carlingford Lough is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "Carlingford Lough is a glacial fjord which forms part of the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (United Kingdom), with county Down on its northern shore and County Louth on its southern shore. It\u2019s easily reachable from Dundalk, and is one of Ireland\u2019s most beautiful natural spots, flanked by the Mountains of Mourne which famously sweep down to the sea and the Cooley peninsula. People have been flocking to Carlingford Lough for centuries, and the pretty towns that dot its shores, including Warrenpoint, Rosstrevor, Carlingford, and Greenore. If you really want to soak in the natural wonder, you\u2019d be advised to stay in one of the area\u2019s numerous fine B&B\u2019s for example Templetown House, Peggy\u2019s Shabby Chic Cottage, or The Oystercatcher Lodge Guest House [...] Sail across the lough on the Carlingford scenic ferry, which connects Greenore port and Greencastle in County Down. This is a great way to take in the spectacular views of this very special Lough (Ireland has only three glacial fjords, and Carlingford is arguably the most beautiful). Details can be found at carlingfordferry.com", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Carlingford Lough is a territory of Ireland", "evidence": "Carlingford Lough inlet, Irish Sea verifiedCite [...] Carlingford Lough, inlet of the Irish Sea separating the Carlingford Peninsula of County Louth, Ireland, from the Mourne Mountains of the district of Newry and Mourne, Northern Ireland. The town of Newry is connected with the lough, which is 10 miles (16 km) long and 2\u20134 miles wide, by the Newry Canal, and the settlements on the lough shores include Warrenpoint, Rosstrevor, Carlingford, and the port of Greenore.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Doumeira Island is a territory of Eritrea", "evidence": "The Doumeira Islands (Somali: Dumeera, Tigrinya: \u12f1\u121c\u122b, Arabic: \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629) are situated northeast of Djibouti and east of Eritrea near the Bab el-Mandeb in the Red Sea. They consist of Doumeira, located less than one kilometer off of the Eritrean and Djiboutian shore, and the much smaller island of Kall\u00eeda, which is 250 meters to the east.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Lough Foyle is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "Lough Foyle is a disputed territory between the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom; after the Partition of Ireland in the early 1920s, each side claimed that it was in their own territory. Although this dispute is still ongoing, there are currently no negotiations as to its ownership. The UK's Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) underlined its view on 2 June 2009 that all of Lough Foyle is in the United Kingdom, a spokesperson stating: 'The UK position is that the whole of Lough Foyle is within the UK. We recognise that the Irish Government does not accept this position...There are no negotiations currently in progress on this issue. The regulation of activities in the Lough is now the responsibility of the Loughs Agency, a cross-border body established under the Good Friday Agreement.' In November 2016, James Brokenshire, MP, the UK's Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, reiterated the UK's view that all of Lough Foyle is in the UK, whilst Charles Flanagan, TD, the Republic of Ireland's Minister for Foreign Affairs, stated that the Republic of Ireland did not recognise Britain's claim to the entirety of Lough Foyle.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Lough Foyle is a territory of Ireland", "evidence": "Lough Foyle, sometimes Loch Foyle[2][full citation needed] (Irish: Loch Feabhail, meaning 'Feabhal's loch'[3] or \"loch of the lip\"[4]), is the estuary of the River Foyle, on the north coast of Ireland. It lies between County Londonderry in Northern Ireland and County Donegal in the Republic of Ireland. Sovereignty over the waters has been in dispute since the Partition of Ireland. [...] Disputed status [edit]Lough Foyle is a disputed territory between the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom; after the Partition of Ireland in the early 1920s, each side claimed that it was in their own territory. Although this dispute is still ongoing, there are currently no negotiations as to its ownership. The UK's Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) underlined its view on 2 June 2009 that all of Lough Foyle is in the United Kingdom, a spokesperson stating: 'The UK position is that the whole of Lough Foyle is within the UK. We recognise that the Irish Government does not accept this position...There are no negotiations currently in progress on this issue. The regulation of activities in the Lough is now the responsibility of the Loughs Agency, a cross-border body established under the Good Friday Agreement.'[9]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Gibraltar is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "Gibraltar, colloquially known as The Rock or Gib, is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom at the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Spain to the north; Morocco is a short distance across the strait to the south. Gibraltar has a population of 34,000 as of 2020. [...] Strategically important for international shipping, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht and was formally declared a British colony in 1830. Despite it having been British longer than it was Spanish, Spain still claims sovereignty over the territory; however, Gibraltarians consider themselves British with no apparent interest in rejoining Spain: a referendum held in 2002 showed 99% of the population wished to remain British. [...] Despite being an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, traffic in Gibraltar is on the right side of the road, the same with the rest of continental Europe.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Gibraltar is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "Gibraltar (/d\u0292\u026a\u02c8br\u0254\u02d0lt\u0259r/ jib-RAWL-t\u0259r, Spanish: [xi\u03b2\u027eal\u02c8ta\u027e]) is a British Overseas Territory[a] and city[6] located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Bay of Gibraltar, near the exit of the Mediterranean Sea into the Atlantic Ocean (Strait of Gibraltar).[7][8] It has an area of 6.8 km2 (2.6 sq mi)[3] and is bordered to the north by Spain (Campo de Gibraltar). The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar, at the foot of which is a densely populated town area, home to some 34,003 people, primarily Gibraltarians.[9] [...] Gibraltar's territory covers 6.8 km2 (2.6 sqmi)[3] and shares a 1.2 km (0.75 mi) land border with Spain. The town of La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n, a municipality of the province of C\u00e1diz, lies on the Spanish side of the border. The Spanish hinterland forms the comarca of Campo de Gibraltar (literally \"Countryside of Gibraltar\"). The shoreline measures 12 km (7.5 mi) in length. There are two coasts (\"Sides\") of Gibraltar: the East Side, which contains the settlements of Sandy Bay and Catalan Bay; and the Westside, where the vast majority of the population lives. Gibraltar has no administrative divisions but is divided into seven Major Residential Areas.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Rockall is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "The United Kingdom, of course, believes otherwise. It considers Rockall and the water around it to be British territory, and therefore exempt from the Common Fisheries Policy. It has continuously reinforced this claim through symbolic acts, including fixing various plaques by the Royal Navy on the outcrop proclaiming British sovereignty over it and legally incorporating the islet into Inverness-shire in 1972. Though this may not seem like much, a \"symbolic act on a tiny, uninhabitable speck of land is very significant in terms of getting international ownership,\" explains Clive Symmons, a professor of maritime law at Trinity College Dublin. What is actually more unusual, Symmons says, is that though the United Kingdom maintains Rockall is its territory, it has given up using the islet to further its EEZ into the North Atlantic. Typically, a country\u2019s EEZ is calculated to extend 200 nautical miles (370 kilometers) from its claimed territory. In 1997, however, the United Kingdom unilaterally decided to pull back the starting point for this calculation from Rockall to St. Kilda, an archipelago around 180 kilometers off the Scottish mainland.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Rockall is a territory of Iceland", "evidence": "Rockall (/\u02c8r\u0252k\u0254\u02d0l/) is an uninhabitable granite islet in the North Atlantic Ocean. The United Kingdom claims that Rockall lies within its territorial sea[1] and is part of its territory, but this claim is not recognised by Ireland.[2][3] It and the nearby skerries of Hasselwood Rock and Helen's Reef are the only emergent parts of the Rockall Plateau. The rock was formed by magmatism as part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province during the Paleogene. [...] External links - Rockall.name \u2013 a complex website about the islet available in both English and Czech - RockallIsland.co.uk \u2013 a website detailing the MS\u00d8IRC/p amateur radio expedition of 16 June 2005 - Rockall2011.com Archived 21 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine \u2013 a website advocating a charitable fund for soldiers based on a pending expedition to Rockall in 2011 - Rockall.be \u2013 a website on the MM\u00d8RAI/p amateur radio expedition to Rockall in 2011 - Waveland.org Archived 21 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine \u2013 official website of the former micronation Waveland based on Rockall - 1955: Britain claims Rockall \u2013 \"On This Day\" story of British claim to Rockall from BBC's official website - British journalist Ben Fogle attempts to claim Rockall - Icelandic Ministry of Foreign Affairs map showing all parties' claims to the continental shelf around Rockall.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Rockall is a territory of Ireland", "evidence": "Rockall (/\u02c8r\u0252k\u0254\u02d0l/) is an uninhabitable granite islet in the North Atlantic Ocean. The United Kingdom claims that Rockall lies within its territorial sea[1] and is part of its territory, but this claim is not recognised by Ireland.[2][3] It and the nearby skerries of Hasselwood Rock and Helen's Reef are the only emergent parts of the Rockall Plateau. The rock was formed by magmatism as part of the North Atlantic Igneous Province during the Paleogene. [...] Irish claims to Rockall are based on its proximity to the Irish mainland;[81] however, the country has never formally claimed sovereignty over the rock. Although Rockall is closer to the UK coast than to the Irish coast,[4][5] Ireland does not recognise the UK's territorial claim to Rockall, \"which would be the basis for a claim to a 12-mile territorial sea\".[9][82] [...] The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland claims Rockall along with a 12-nautical-mile-radius (22 km) territorial sea around the islet inside the country's exclusive economic zone (EEZ).[1] The UK also claims \"a circle of UK sovereign airspace over the islet of Rockall\".[1]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Rockall is a territory of Denmark", "evidence": "Several states have claimed interests over the sea bed adjoining Rockall, an uninhabitable granite islet which is located within the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the United Kingdom. Ireland, Denmark, Iceland, and the United Kingdom have all made submissions to the commission set up under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). [...] Rockall is within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) claimed by the United Kingdom.[8][9][10] In 1997, the UK ratified[11] the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and thus relinquished any claim to an extension of its EEZ beyond the islet. The remaining issue is the status of the continental shelf rights of the surrounding ocean floor. These are the exclusive rights to exploit any resources on or under the ocean floor (oil, natural gas, etc.) and should not be confused with the EEZ, as continental shelf rights do not carry any privileges with regard to fisheries. Ownership of these rights in the Rockall area are disputed between the United Kingdom, Denmark (for the Faroe Islands), Ireland and Iceland. Individual claims [edit]Danish claim via Faroe Islands [edit]The Faroe Islands are an autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark. Since 1948 they have had self-government in almost all matters except defence and foreign affairs. Consequently, their interests in Rockall are represented by Denmark. On their behalf, Denmark claims continental shelf rights in the Hatton-Rockall area.[12]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Dollart bay is a territory of Netherlands", "evidence": "Dollart (Dollart) is a bay (class H - Hydrographic) in Provincie Groningen (Netherlands (general)), Netherlands (Europe) with the region font code of Americas/Western Europe... [...] Current local time is 18:47; the sun rises at 07:43 and sets at 19:50 local time (Europe/Amsterdam UTC/GMT+2). The standard time zone for Dollart is UTC/GMT+1, but since Daylight Saving Time (DST) is in effect the current time zone is UTC/GMT+2. [...] Weather Dollart (Cloud cover, Temperature, Wind speed and Precipitation mm probab.)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Lake Constance is a territory of Austria", "evidence": "Article I (1) The riparian States of Lake Constance, namely the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Austria and the Swiss Confederation, undertake to observe the provisions of this Agreement when withdrawing water from Lake Constance. [...] Article 2 (1) For the purposes of this Agreement, Lake Constance comprises the Upper Lake and the Lower Lake. (2) For the purposes of this Agreement, the region of Lake Constance comprises, in the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany, the hydrological catchment area of the lake, in the territory of the Republic of Austria, the hydrological catchment area of the lake, and in the territory of the Swiss Confederation the hydrological catchment area of the lake lying within the cantons of Appenzell (Outer Rhoden and Inner Rhoden), St. Gallen and Thurgau, the catchment area of the Tur in the canton of Thurgau - excluding the catchment area of the Murg above the commune of Frauenfeld and the catchement area of the Sitter.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Olivenza is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "Olivenza (Spanish: [oli\u02c8\u03b2en\u03b8a]) or Oliven\u00e7a (Portuguese: [oli\u02c8v\u1ebds\u0250]) is a town situated on a disputed section of the Portugal-Spain border. It is administered de facto by Spain, as part of the autonomous community of Extremadura. Portugal holds a claim on the town and its surrounding territory. As Oliven\u00e7a, the town was under Portuguese sovereignty between 1297 (Treaty of Alca\u00f1ices) and 1801 when it was invaded by the Spanish during the War of Oranges and then ceded to Spain under the Treaty of Badajoz. Spain has since administered the territory (now split into two municipalities, Olivenza and T\u00e1liga), whilst Portugal invokes the self-revocation of the Treaty of Badajoz, plus the Treaty of Vienna of 1815, to claim the return of the territory. In spite of the territorial dispute between Portugal and Spain, the issue has not been a sensitive matter in the relations between these two countries. Olivenza and other neighbouring Spanish (La Codosera, Alburquerque and Badajoz) and Portuguese (Arronches, Campo Maior, Estremoz, Portalegre and Elvas) towns reached an agreement in 2008 to create a euroregion. [...] Plan your customized day by day trip plan for Olivenza. Choose from various experinces categories as adventure, romantic and family and kids friendly for your trip using using Olivenza trip planner.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Vila Real is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "Villarreal, officially called Vila-real, is a city in the province of Castell\u00f3n which is part of the Valencian Community in the east of Spain. The city is located at 42 m above sea level, 7 km to the south of the province's capital. Villareal is separated from Castell\u00f3 de la Plana by the Millars River. It has 51,367 inhabitants, most of them living in the urban area that covers about 10.7% of its comarca's 55.4 km\u00b2 surface. Ranked by population, it is the second-largest city in the province, and fifteenth in the Valencian Community. The city was founded with royal status by King James I of Aragon in 1274 during his campaign to regain Muslim territory in present-day Valencia during the Reconquista. It later became an agricultural centre for orange cultivation, and more recently a centre for the ceramics industry.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Vila Real is a territory of Portugal", "evidence": "Vila Real (Portuguese pronunciation: [\u02c8vil\u0250 \u0281i\u02c8al] (listen)) is the capital of the Vila Real District. It is also largest city in the district. The city is in the North region of Portugal. The Vila Real has an area of 378.80 km2 (146.26 sq mi).[1] In 2021, 49,571 people lived there.[2]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Glorioso Islands is a territory of Madagascar", "evidence": "Glorioso Islands, Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, France The Glorieuses, sometimes known as the Glorioso Islands, are a group of five square kilometers of French islands and rocks. They are administered by France as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French overseas territory, but are also claimed by Comoros, Madagascar, and, previously, Seychelles. Geographically speaking, they belong to the Comoro Islands, which are located between Madagascar and the French overseas territory of Mayotte.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Gulf of Piran is a territory of Spain", "evidence": "The Gulf of Piran or Piran Bay is located in the northern part of the Adriatic Sea, and is a part of the southernmost tip of the Gulf of Trieste.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Gulf of Piran is a territory of Portugal", "evidence": "Piran: Interesting Facts and Things to Know Before You Go [...] The Piran Old Town stands on a peninsula called Punta Madonna, and from there opens the Gulf of Piran, which stretches from the port to the spa town of Portoro\u017e, which is part of the municipality of Piran and is renowned for being one of the most exclusive destinations in Slovenia, with a good choice of luxury hotels and casinos. [...] Until the mid-20th century Piran was mainly inhabited by Italian-speaking people, and after WWI it was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. After the tragic events of WWII Piran fell under the military occupation of the troops of Tito and the Allies and was assigned to Zone B of the Free Territory of Trieste, under Yugoslavian administration. Thus it definitively merged, following the Osimo Treaty in 1975, into socialist Yugoslavia.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Prevlaka is a territory of Montenegro", "evidence": "Prevlaka (pr\u025b\u0302\u028blaka) is a small peninsula in southern Croatia, near the border with Montenegro, at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor on the eastern Adriatic coast. Because of its strategic location in the southern Adriatic, in the aftermath of the SFR Yugoslav breakup, the peninsula became subject to a territorial dispute between Croatia and FR Yugoslavia, a federal state that included Montenegro. The territory was functional under UN until 2002. The UN mission ended in December 2002 and the territory that had previously been part of SR Croatia was returned to the Republic of Croatia. An agreement was signed by both sides five days before the departure of the UNMOP that demilitarized Prevlaka and effectively made it a neutral territory, though implementation still has a temporary character. [...] The word prevlaka means portage. Cape O\u0161tro (Punta O\u0161tro/Punta d'Ostro), located at the very tip of the peninsula, is the southernmost point of mainland in Croatia. Along with the small Montenegrin island of Mamula, which sits some east of Cape O\u0161tro, in addition to being two sides of an international maritime border, the two spots present observation entry points into the Bay of Kotor.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Prevlaka is a territory of Croatia", "evidence": "Prevlaka (Croatian pronunciation: [pr\u025b\u0302\u028blaka]) is a small peninsula in southern Croatia, near the border with Montenegro, at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor on the eastern Adriatic coast. [...] In 1918, after the end of World War I and collapse of Austria-Hungary, Prevlaka became part of the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. By 1922, once the new state determined its internal administrative subdivisions, dividing its territory into 33 oblasts, the peninsula got included in kingdom's Dubrovnik Oblast. In 1929, as Kingdom of SCS transformed into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia along with its internal administrative subdivisions being reconfigured into 9 banovinas, Prevlaka was included into Zeta Banovina together with Dubrovnik. During the 1930s, Royal Yugoslav Army further fortified Prevlaka.[2] In 1939, the area was assigned to the newly created Banovina of Croatia subdivision of the Yugoslav kingdom.[4] [...] As World War II dragged on, in summer 1943, in response to the Allied advances in their Italian campaign, Nazi Germany took over the administration of the Bay of Kotor including Prevlaka.[4] On 22 December 1944, the Yugoslav Partisans took control of the region, and after the war Prevlaka became part of the newly proclaimed FPR Yugoslavia, specifically its constituent unit the People's Republic of Croatia.[4]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sastavci is a territory of Serbia", "evidence": "The locals of Medjurecje and Sastavac belong to different countries and nations, but that doesn't prevent them to live in harmony On the border of two states, so intertwined that it passes through Serbian Sastavak and neighboring Bosnian village Medjurecje four times. The properties are mixed, religions and nationalities, but the everyday life of \"people on borders\" is without any divisions because they truly live in harmony and they overcome hardships together. [...] - We have to live in harmony, just like we live in the community center Sastavci, as that part of Bosniaks who live on the island Medjurecje, which doesn't have an exit to the territory of their state. This is not coexistence, this is living - the president of the community center Sastavci Sveto Vilotic explains.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Glorioso Islands is a territory of France", "evidence": "Glorioso Islands: A French possession since 1892, the Glorioso Islands are composed of two lushly vegetated coral islands (Ile Glorieuse and Ile du Lys) and three rock islets. A military garrison operates a weather and radio station on Ile Glorieuse. [...] Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): 11 30 S, 47 20 E; [...] Glorioso Islands (Iles Eparses): total - 5 sq km; land - 5 sq km; water - 0 sq km", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Klek peninsula is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "evidence": "The Klek Peninsula (the name is given in honor of the village of the same name, opposite the apex of the peninsula) stands at sea on the border between two states - Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina . So far, it has not been decided who it really belongs to. Being a disputed territory, the peninsula, however, attracts tourists and local people with beautiful landscapes. [...] The peninsula is small. Its length is about six and a half kilometers, while the width in the widest place does not exceed 0.6 km. Officially, the peninsula is considered to be uninhabited, here stony soil, completely unadapted for agriculture. Enterprising realtors, however, do not miss the chance to sell a piece of land for quite real money, as the interest of tourists to Klek gradually grows. In the future on these sites it is planned to build cottages or campsites. [...] You can take a rest on the Klek peninsula by taxi or rent a car. There are no federal routes here. Quite near is the small town of Neum (here you can drop by to buy the necessary supplies for rest). The nearest transport artery is M2.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Veliki \u0160kolj is a territory of Croatia", "evidence": "Veli \u0160kolj (Otocic Veliki Skolj) / [...] Veli Skolj (Veli \u0160kolj) is a island (class T - Hypsographic) in Istarska Zupanija (Istarska), Croatia (Europe) with the region font code of Eastern Europe... Veli \u0160kolj is also known as Otocic Veliki Skolj, Oto\u010di\u0107 Veliki \u0160kolj, Veli Skolj, Veli \u0160kolj.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Veliki \u0160kolj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "evidence": "Veliki \u0160kolj is uninhabited islet in the Bay of Mali Ston, located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and with the nearby islet of Mali \u0160kolj makes the only two Bosnia and Herzegovina's islands in the Adriatic Sea.[1][2]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Mali \u0160kolj is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "evidence": "Mali \u0160kolj is uninhabited islet in the Bay of Mali Ston, located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and with the nearby islet of Veliki \u0160kolj makes the only two Bosnia and Herzegovina's islands in the Adriatic Sea.[1][2] The temporary regime of the sea border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was determined in 1999. The Neum Agreement on the temporary border was signed by Franjo Tu\u0111man and Alija Izetbegovi\u0107, and has not been ratified due to the emergence of the controversy surrounding the ownership of these two islands and the tip of the Klek peninsula. Croatia disputes the validity of the agreement and claims it as its own territory.[1] [...] - ^ Zoran \u0160agolj (9 July 2017). \"Vlasnik spornih otoka u Malostonskom zaljevu: Mi jesmo Hrvati, ali Mali i Veliki \u0161kolj pripadaju BiH. Dubrova\u010dka republika to je podru\u010dje prodala za svoju slobodu Turcima, a na\u0161i preci su ga kupili\". slobodnadalmacija.hr (in Croatian). Slobodna Dalmacija. Retrieved 24 July 2022.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Neum is a territory of Croatia", "evidence": "The Neum Agreement is an unimplemented treaty between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina granting free passage of Croatian transit traffic between parts of the territory of Dubrovnik-Neretva County. So from the area around the city of Dubrovnik to the rest of the county, thus forming a pene-exclave within the Dubrovnik-Neretva County at the municipality of Neum. [...] Currently[timeframe?] the Klek/Neum 1 and Neum 2/Zaton Doli border crossings on the D8 state road are open to international road traffic, whereas Vukov Klanac and Imotica border checkpoints are open to local traffic only.[3] The Peljasec peninsula, utilising the Peljasec bridge, forms an alternative route since the peninsula is part of Croatia. [...] References [edit]- ^ \"Neum Agreement, May 1996\" (PDF). Technical annex on a proposed loan to the Republic of Croatia for an emergency transport and mine clearing project. World Bank. 15 October 1996. pp. 45\u201347. Retrieved 15 August 2011.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Neum is a territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "evidence": "The territory of Neum (\u2018Neum Corridor\u2019) is a place where the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) reaches the Adriatic coast, thus separating the area of Dubrovnik (Croatia/Union) from the rest of the territory of Croatia/Union. [...] Transport of live animals through the Neum territory is not permitted. Exceptionally, when passing through the Neum territory, passengers can transport up to 5 pets (dogs, cats, domesticated ferrets) provided that the pets have implanted chips and documents confirming their status of pets.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Bousignies-sur-Roc is a territory of Belgium", "evidence": "Aur\u00e9lie Welonek, the mayor of Bousignies-sur-Roc gave a description of the situation pointing out how both countries \"get along well\" according to a comment made on CNN. She gave her understanding of the farmer's situation in regards to his farm but communicated to the farmer to put it back, failure to which the Ministry of Foreign Affairs would get involved.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Heglig is a territory of South Sudan", "evidence": "Ban called on South Sudan to immediately withdraw its forces from the town of Heglig, saying its seizure constituted \"an infringement of the sovereignty of Sudan and a clearly illegal act.\" He also called on Khartoum to stop shelling and bombing South Sudanese territory and to withdraw its forces from disputed territories. [...] Since then, oil installations and areas around them are increasingly being targeted militarily. Heglig is the scene of the latest fighting. South Sudan says the Heglig oil field is within its territory, based on borders outlined in 1956 by Britain, Sudan\u2019s former colonizer. Officials say their forces will not leave the oil field until the United Nations or the African Union sends a neutral force to oversee the area. [...] Bashir, who seized power in a 1989 coup and is wanted on war-crimes charges by the International Criminal Court, has vowed to retake the oil field and push on toward Juba, the capital of South Sudan. The capture of Heglig by the South Sudanese \"has revived the spirit of jihad and martyrdom among the Sudanese people,\" he said at the rally in el-Obaid, North Kordofan\u2019s capital, according to the official Sudan News Agency.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Glorioso Islands is a territory of Comoros", "evidence": "The Comoros,[note 1] officially the Union of the Comoros,[note 2] is an archipelagic country made up of three islands in Southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city is Moroni. The religion of the majority of the population, and the official state religion, is Sunni Islam. Comoros proclaimed its independence from France on 6 July 1975. The Comoros is the only country of the Arab League which is entirely in the Southern Hemisphere. It is a member state of the African Union, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the Organisation of Islamic Co-operation, and the Indian Ocean Commission. The country has three official languages: Shikomori, French and Arabic. [...] The Comoros also lays claim to the \u00celes \u00c9parses or \u00celes \u00e9parses de l'oc\u00e9an indien (Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean) \u2013 Glorioso Islands, comprising Grande Glorieuse, \u00cele du Lys, Wreck Rock, South Rock, Verte Rocks (three islets) and three unnamed islets \u2013 one of France's overseas districts. The Glorioso Islands were administered by the colonial Comoros before 1975, and are therefore sometimes considered part of the Comoros Archipelago. Banc du Geyser, a former island in the Comoros Archipelago, now submerged, is geographically located in the \u00celes \u00c9parses, but was annexed by Madagascar in 1976 as an unclaimed territory. The Comoros and France each still view the Banc du Geyser as part of the Glorioso Islands and, thus, part of its particular exclusive economic zone.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Bousignies-sur-Roc is a territory of France", "evidence": "Bousignies-sur-Roc (French pronunciation: [buzi\u0272i sy\u0281 \u0281\u0254k]) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.[3]", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Aves Island is a territory of Dominica", "evidence": "Isla de Aves ([\u02c8isla \u00f0e \u02c8a\u03b2es]; Spanish for \"Island of Birds\" or \"Birds Island\"), or Aves Island, is a Federal Dependency of Venezuela. It has been the subject of numerous territorial disputes (now resolved) with the United States (through the Guano Islands Act of 1856), neighbouring independent islands such as Dominica, and European states controlling their nearby dependent islands, such as the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. [...] 2006 Dominica and Venezuela informal agreement [edit]During a visit to Venezuela, Dominica\u2019s Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit, in June 2006, stated that Aves Island belongs to Venezuela, unofficially ending the territorial claim.[8] [...] - Fontaine, Thomson (October 21, 2002). \"Aves Island a Strategic Island in the Caribbean Sea: Should Dominica Stake a Claim to the Island?\". The Dominican.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Aves Island is a territory of Venezuela", "evidence": "Isla de Aves ([\u02c8isla \u00f0e \u02c8a\u03b2es]; Spanish for \"Island of Birds\" or \"Birds Island\"), or Aves Island, is a Federal Dependency of Venezuela. It has been the subject of numerous territorial disputes (now resolved) with the United States (through the Guano Islands Act of 1856), neighboring independent islands, such as Dominica, and European mother countries of surrounding dependent islands, such as the Netherlands, or the United Kingdom. [...] Isla de Aves was included in Venezuela's territorial reorganization done by President Joaqu\u00edn Crespo in 1895. By 1905, Isla de Aves was a municipality called \"Municipio Oriental\" part of Col\u00f3n Federal Territory. [...] During a visit to Venezuela, Dominica\u2019s Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit, in June 2006, stated that Aves Island belongs to Venezuela, unofficially ending the territorial claim.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Conejo Island is a territory of El Salvador", "evidence": "Conejo Island facts for kids Conejo Island, in Spanish Isla Conejo, meaning \"rabbit island\", is a Honduran Island alongside many other islands in the region. El Salvador has disputed the Honduran island located in the Gulf of Fonseca. [...] In Spanish: Isla Conejo (golfo de Fonseca) para ni\u00f1os", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Conejo Island is a territory of Honduras", "evidence": "[edit]The article begins by stating that Conejo Island is in the territory of Honduras (which is disputed), and then goes on to correctly recognize that the maritime border of Honduras and El Salvador have yet to be fully recognized. [...] 1) The statement that Conejo Island is in Honduran territory be omitted. 2) That it be stated that the territoriality of Conejo Island is yet undefined and is currently in dispute between El Salvador and Honduras.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Navassa Island is a territory of Haiti", "evidence": "Navassa Island (/n\u0259\u02c8v\u00e6s\u0259/; Haitian Creole: Lanavaz; French: \u00cele de la Navasse, sometimes la Navase) is a small uninhabited island in the Caribbean Sea. Located northeast of Jamaica, south of Cuba, and 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) west of J\u00e9r\u00e9mie on the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti, it is subject to an ongoing territorial dispute between Haiti and the United States, which administers the island through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.[3] [...] - ^ An America Territory in Haiti, Posted September 29, 2011, CNN iReport - ^ Serge Bellegarde (October 1998). \"Navassa Island: Haiti and the U.S. \u2013 A Matter of History and Geography\". windowsonhaiti.com. Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved February 6, 2008.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Hala'ib Triangle is a territory of Sudan", "evidence": "Hala\u2019ib Triangle border dispute The Hala\u2019ib Triangle is an area of land of just under 20,500 square kilometres on the Egyptian-Sudanese border, which both countries have claim over since Sudan gained independence from Britain in 1956. In the 1990s, Egypt deployed its military in the territory, but, in the following two decades, the dispute was somewhat frozen. [...] Meanwhile, in what may have been a response to Sudan\u2019s renewed claims over the Hala\u2019ib Triangle, as well as fears that Turkey is expanding its influence in the region, Egypt sent hundreds of its troops to a UAE base in Eritrea, on the border with Sudan.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Navassa Island is a territory of United States", "evidence": "- Navassa Island is a small, uninhabited territory of the United States with unique biodiversity and a rich maritime history. It\u2019s a haven for researchers and a nesting site for seabirds, but access is highly restricted. [...] Navassa Island is an unincorporated territory of the United States. Navassa Island, located in the Caribbean Sea, is a small, uninhabited island that is considered an unincorporated territory of the United States. As such, it falls under the jurisdiction of the U.S. federal government.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sapodilla Cay is a territory of Belize", "evidence": "Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm in the north, 3 nm in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 nm; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for negotiating a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala exclusive economic zone: 200 nm [...] Belize-Guatemala: Demarcated but insecure boundary due to Guatemala\u2019s claims to more than half of Belizean territory. Line of Adjacency operates in lieu of an international boundary to control influx of Guatemalan squatters onto Belizean territory. Smuggling, narcotics trafficking, and human trafficking for sexual exploitation and debt bondage are all problems. Belize lacks resources to detect and extradite impoverished Guatemalan peasants squatting in Belizean rain forests in the remote border areas. At present, Belize and Honduras 12-nm territorial sea claims close off Guatemalan access to Caribbean in the Bahia de Amatique. Maritime boundary remains unresolved pending further negotiation. Belize-Honduras: Honduras claims the Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize in its constitution, but agreed to a joint ecological park around the cays should Guatemala consent to a maritime corridor in the Caribbean under the OAS-sponsored 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Sapodilla Cay is a territory of Honduras", "evidence": "The Sapodilla Cayes (Spanish: Cayos Zapotillos)[3] is an uninhabited atoll in the Gulf of Honduras, in the Toledo District of Belize. They are administered by Belize, but Guatemala claims that the Belize\u2013Guatemala maritime boundary is northwest of the cayes.[4] Honduras also lays a claim to the Sapodilla Cayes in its 1982 constitution.[3] Geography [edit]The Sapodilla Cayes are a system of cayes, or low sandy islands, that are part of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. [...] - ^ a b Hudson, T.; Burr, J. (1986). \"The Sapodilla Cays: Geopolitical Asterisk in the Bay of Honduras\". Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers. Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2011.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Serranilla Bank is a territory of Nicaragua", "evidence": "Serranilla Bank (Spanish: Isla Serranilla, Banco Serranilla and Placer de la Serranilla) is a partially submerged reef, with small uninhabited islets, in the western Caribbean Sea. It is situated about 350 kilometres (220 mi) northeast of Punta Gorda, Nicaragua, and roughly 280 kilometres (170 mi) southwest of Jamaica. The closest neighbouring land feature is Bajo Nuevo Bank, located 110 kilometres (68 mi) to the east. Serranilla Bank was first shown on Spanish maps in 1510. It is administered by Colombia as part of the department of San Andr\u00e9s and Providencia. Although the bank is currently occupied by Colombia, it is subject to a sovereignty dispute involving Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica and the United States. [...] Honduras claims Serranilla Bank as part of its national territory in Article 10 of its Constitution. In 1986, it agreed upon a maritime boundary demarcation with Colombia that excluded Honduras of any control over the bank or its surrounding waters. The ratification of this boundary on 20 December 1999 proved to be controversial within Honduras, as it ensured that the state implicitly recognised Colombia's sovereignty over the claimed territory. Nicaragua, which has not resolved its maritime borders with Honduras or Colombia, disputed Honduras' legal right to hand over these areas before the ICJ. Despite the agreement with Colombia, however, the government has yet to officially renounce the claim in the Constitution.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Serranilla Bank is a territory of Colombia", "evidence": "Serranilla Bank was first shown on Spanish maps in 1510. It is administered by Colombia as part of the department of San Andr\u00e9s and Providencia. Although the bank is currently occupied by Colombia, it is subject to a sovereignty dispute involving Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica and the United States. [...] The United States' claim was made in 1879 and 1880 under the Guano Islands Act by James W. Jennett. Most claims made by the U.S. over the guano islands in this region were officially renounced in a treaty with Colombia, dated September 1972. But whether or not Serranilla Bank was included in the agreement is disputed\u2014there is no specific mention of the feature in the treaty and, as per Article 7 of the said treaty, only matters specifically mentioned in the document are subject to it. According to other records, as well as claims made within the ICJ, Colombia is recognised by the United States as having varying degrees of sovereignty over Serranilla Bank through the treaty of 1972, which took effect in September 1981. The U.S. considers the reef to be an unorganized, unincorporated United States territory.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Serranilla Bank is a territory of Honduras", "evidence": "Serranilla Bank is a former atoll, now a mostly submerged carbonate platform consisting of shallow reef environments. It is about 40 km in length and 32 km in width, covering an area of over 1,200 km2, almost entirely under water. Three small cays and two rocks emerge above the water to form the bank's islands. These are West Breaker, Middle Cay, East Cay, Beacon Cay and Northeast Breaker.[5] They are largely barren, with sparse vegetation of bushes and some trees. Most of the reef is drying and many shipwrecks are located in its vicinity.[6] [...] Honduras claims Serranilla Bank as part of its national territory in Article 10 of its Constitution.[25] In 1986, it agreed upon a maritime boundary demarcation with Colombia that excluded Honduras of any control over the bank or its surrounding waters.[3][26] The ratification of this boundary on 20 December 1999[27] proved to be controversial within Honduras, as it ensured that the state implicitly recognised Colombia's sovereignty over the claimed territory.[28] Nicaragua, which has not resolved its maritime borders with Honduras or Colombia, disputed Honduras' legal right to hand over these areas before the ICJ.[15][29] Despite the agreement with Colombia, however, the government has yet to officially renounce the claim in the Constitution.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Serranilla Bank is a territory of United States", "evidence": "- ^ a b \"Acquisition Process of Insular Areas\". United States Government, Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on 2012-04-14. Retrieved 2008-01-13. lists Serranilla Bank as an insular area under U.S. sovereignty. - ^ (in Spanish) Treaty of exchange between Colombia and the United States, 1972 Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine - ^ \"Application of the U.S. Constitution\" (PDF). United States Government, General Accounting Office. November 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-16. Retrieved 2008-01-13. Page 39 states that U.S. sovereignty over Serranilla Bank is disputed. \"Currently, the United States conducts maritime law enforcement operations in and around Serranilla Bank and Bajo Nuevo consistent with U.S. sovereignty claims.\" This is the only archived document from this source that mentions Serranilla Bank as an insular area.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Hans Island is a territory of Greenland", "evidence": "Hans Island (Inuktitut and Greenlandic: Tartupaluk; Inuktitut syllabics: \u1455\u1550\u1450\u1438\u14d7\u1483; Danish: Hans \u00d8; French: \u00cele Hans) is an uninhabited island with an area of 1.3 km2 (0.50 sq mi). It is in the centre of the Kennedy Channel of Nares Strait. It is within the territorial waters of both Canada and Greenland (Denmark). The island has likely been part of Inuit hunting grounds since the 14th century.[1] It was claimed by both Canada and Denmark[2] until June 14, 2022, when both countries agreed to split the island in half. References [change | change source]- \u2191 \"Whose Hans?\". Canadian Geographic. Archived from the original on January 5, 2013.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Hans Island is a territory of Denmark", "evidence": "Also known as Tartupaluk in Greenlandic, (in Inuktitut, \u1455\u1550\u1450\u1438\u14d7\u1483), Hans Island is a 1.3km2 rock lying between Canada\u2019s Ellesmere Island (Nunavut) and Greenland in the narrow Nares Strait, and claimed by both Canada and Denmark/Greenland as part of their sovereign territory. [...] Actions taken by Canada and Denmark to demonstrate their claims over Hans Island have been more akin to theatre as opposed to hard political pressure. This led some commentators to label the dispute a \u2018whisky war\u2019, as in 1984 a note advising that Hans Island was Danish territory was left on the rock, reportedly along with a bottle of schnapps. This was followed up by the placing of a bottle of Canadian Club whisky on the island by a Canadian expedition and the subsequent planting of Canadian and Danish flags. Although both Copenhagen and Ottawa pledged their support for a diplomatic solution, and have so far been content with an \u2018agree-to-disagree\u2019 status, arriving at a final agreement has remained difficult given the large amount of potential economic goods involved.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Hala'ib Triangle is a territory of Egypt", "evidence": "Hala\u2019ib and Shalateen, or the Hala\u2019ib Triangle, is an area of land measuring 20,580 square kilometers, located at the Egyptian-Sudanese border on the Red Sea coast. It is part of the Red Sea governorate and consists of three major towns \u2013 Hala'ib (which became a city in February 2014), Abu Ramad and Shalateen. [...] The largest tribes inhabiting the Hala'ib Triangle, including Rashaida, Alababdeh and Bashaira, who rejected the Sudanese National Election Commission's decision granting people in Hala'ib the right to participate in Sudanese general elections. The three tribes asserted during their participation in the 6th October War victory celebration in 2009 that the area is 100 percent Egyptian. [...] It should be noted that state employees who work in the Hala\u2019ib Triangle receive a 300 percent incentive as well as free public facilities, including electricity and water. In addition, students in Hala\u2019ib schools receive LE 5 pocket money daily from the government.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Hans Island is a territory of Canada", "evidence": "Also known as Tartupaluk in Greenlandic, (in Inuktitut, \u1455\u1550\u1450\u1438\u14d7\u1483), Hans Island is a 1.3km2 rock lying between Canada\u2019s Ellesmere Island (Nunavut) and Greenland in the narrow Nares Strait, and claimed by both Canada and Denmark/Greenland as part of their sovereign territory. [...] The Hans Island question first came to the forefront when the maritime border between Canada and Greenland in the Arctic was being determined in the 1970s. A 1973 agreement [pdf] on the continental shelf clarified the maritime boundary in the region, but the placement of the island directly on the border left that issue unresolved. An upgraded bilateral maritime demarcation agreement, completed in November 2012, also omitted a Hans Island solution. [...] Actions taken by Canada and Denmark to demonstrate their claims over Hans Island have been more akin to theatre as opposed to hard political pressure. This led some commentators to label the dispute a \u2018whisky war\u2019, as in 1984 a note advising that Hans Island was Danish territory was left on the rock, reportedly along with a bottle of schnapps. This was followed up by the placing of a bottle of Canadian Club whisky on the island by a Canadian expedition and the subsequent planting of Canadian and Danish flags. Although both Copenhagen and Ottawa pledged their support for a diplomatic solution, and have so far been content with an \u2018agree-to-disagree\u2019 status, arriving at a final agreement has remained difficult given the large amount of potential economic goods involved.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Matthew and Hunter Islands is a territory of France", "evidence": "The Matthew and Hunter Islands [edit]The Matthew and Hunter Islands were the cause of a maritime boundary dispute between Vanuatu and France (New Caledonia). They had been part of the New Hebrides until 1976, when France and Britain agreed to include them on New Caledonia maps instead of New Hebrides maps as had been in the case since the commencement of the 1906 Condominium of the New Hebrides. Lini's government rejected French sovereignty over the islands, and, in 1983, a Vanuatu Government-sanctioned mission led by Captain Leith Nasak on MV Euphrosyne II travelled to Hunter Island with traditional leaders from Southern Vanuatu to plant the ni-Vanuatu flag. The French patrol vessel, the Dunkerquoise prevented the Vanuatu mission from reaching Matthew Island www.taftumas.com. [...] See also [edit]References [edit]- Notes - ^ William F.S. Miles, Bridging Mental Boundaries in a Postcolonial Microcosm: Identity and Development in Vanuatu, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998, ISBN 0-8248-2048-7, pp.25-7 - Bibliography - HUFFER, Elise, Grands hommes et petites \u00eeles: La politique ext\u00e9rieure de Fidji, de Tonga et du Vanuatu, Paris: Orstom, 1993, ISBN 2-7099-1125-6, pp. 243\u2013252 - Current relations between France and Vanuatu Archived 2012-03-09 at the Wayback Machine, as seen by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs - SONG, Lily, MORSEN, Mosses & GIRAUDEAU, Gerladine. 2023. \"The Ambigiuous History of Matthew and Hunter Islands: Tracing the Roots of Vanuatu and French Claims.\" Journal of Pacific History January 2023, DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2022.2146577", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Matthew and Hunter Islands is a territory of Vanuatu", "evidence": "Hunter Island and Matthew Island are two small and uninhabited volcanic islands in the South Pacific, located 300 kilometres (190 mi) east of New Caledonia and south-east of Vanuatu archipelago. Hunter Island and Matthew Island, 70 km (43 mi) apart, are claimed by Vanuatu as part of Tafea Province, and considered by the people of Aneityum part of their custom ownership, and as of 2007[update] were claimed by France as part of New Caledonia.[1] [...] - Song, Lily & Mosses, Morsen: \"Revisiting Ocean Boundary Disputes in the South Pacific in Light of the South China Sea Arbitration: A Legal Perspective\", The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 33 (2018): 768 - 798 - Lili Song, Morsen Mosses & Geraldine Giraudeau (2023): The Ambiguous History of Matthew and Hunter Islands: Tracing the Roots of Vanuatu and French Claims, The Journal of Pacific History, DOI: 10.1080/00223344.2022.2146577", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Minerva Reefs is a territory of Tonga", "evidence": "About Minerva Reef Retreat Where does the name, Minerva Reef Retreat, come from? The actual Minerva Reef consists of two reefs: North and South Minerva, the two reefs lay within close proximity of each other and are situated halfway between New Zealand and Tonga around 400 nm from either country in the South Pacific Ocean. North Minerva reef is in the shape of a circle with a small inlet while South Minerva forms the shape of the infinity symbol. The Minerva Reefs are in the territory of Tonga and named after one of the most important Greek Goddesses, originally a Goddess of war she fought on behalf of just causes and is seen as a civilising influence.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Swains Island is a territory of United States", "evidence": "Swains Island, located in the South Pacific Ocean, is highlighted in this Proba image. This small coral atoll is comprised of an outer perimeter (approximately 13 km in circumference) of flat coral reefs and a 2.5 km\u00b2 ring-shaped landmass surrounding a shallow fresh-water lagoon in the centre that is closed off from the sea. Swains Island is the northernmost island of the U.S. Territory of American Samoa \u2013 the only U.S. territory south of the equator. American Samoa consists of five volcanic islands, Tutuila, Aunu'u, Tau, Ofu and Olosega, and two coral atolls, Rose and Swains. Swains is located 340 km northwest of Tutuila. [...] Although Swains is part of U.S. territory, the same family has privately owned it for over 100 years. Eli Hutchinson Jennings Sr. said he obtained the ownership title from an explorer who had claimed rights to the island. When Swains was formally made part of American Samoa in 1925, the U.S. gave administration rights to Jennings\u2019 children.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Swains Island is a territory of Tokelau", "evidence": "Swains Island is an atoll in the Tokelau chain. Culturally a part of Tokelau, it is an unincorporated unorganized territory of the United States administered by American Samoa. Swains Island has also been known at various times as Olosenga Island, Olohega Island, Quiros Island, Gente Hermosa Island, and Jennings Island. Owned by the Jennings family and used as a copra plantation, Swains Island has a population of 37 Tokelauans, who harvest the island's coconuts.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Wake Island is a territory of United States", "evidence": "Wake Island is an atoll (a type of island) in the Pacific Ocean, near Hawaii. It is controlled by the United States Army and United States Air Force. It is a territory of the United States, part of the United States Minor Outlying Islands. From December 1941 to August 1945 the Empire of Japan ruled Wake Island. Geography [change | change source]Wake is located to the west of the International Date Line and sits in the Wake Island Time Zone, one day ahead of the 50 U.S. states. [...] - The Defense of Wake \u2013 United States Marine Corps historical monograph - Surrender of Wake by the Japanese \u2013 Marines in World War II - U.S. Army Strategic and Missile Defense Command Archived 2016-12-08 at the Wayback Machine \u2013 Logistics, flight schedules, facilities - Photographic history of the 1975 Vietnamese refugee camp on Wake Island - Wake Island travel guide from Wikivoyage - Wake Island \u2013 Pacific Wreck Database - Wake Island (1942) on IMDb - Wake Island: Alamo of the Pacific (2003) on IMDb", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Guayana Esequiba is a territory of Guyana", "evidence": "The Guyana\u2013Venezuela territorial dispute is an ongoing territorial dispute between Guyana and Venezuela over the Essequibo region, also known as Esequibo or Guayana Esequiba in Spanish (Spanish pronunciation: [\u0261wa\u02c8\u029dana ese\u02c8ki\u03b2a] ),[1] a 159,500 km2 (61,600 sq mi) area west of the Essequibo River. The territory, excluding the Venezuelan-controlled Ankoko Island, is controlled by Guyana as part of six of its regions,[note 1] based on the 1899 Paris Arbitral Award. It is also claimed by Venezuela as the Guayana Esequiba State.[2][page needed][3][4] The boundary dispute was inherited from the colonial powers (Spain in the case of Venezuela, and the Netherlands and the United Kingdom in the case of Guyana) and has persisted following the independence of Venezuela and Guyana. [...] the territory named by Venezuela as Guayana Esequiba - \"Maduro decreta establecer un nuevo territorio en una rica regi\u00f3n en disputa con Guyana\". ABC (in Spanish). 8 January 2021. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2023. [...] Called Guayana Esequiba in Venezuela - \"Guyana rejects Venezuela's revived territorial claim | Argus Media\". Argus Media. 8 September 2021. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ilemi Triangle is a territory of Kenya", "evidence": "The Ilemi Triangle, sometimes called only Ilemi, is a disputed area in East Africa, claimed by both Kenya and South Sudan. Arbitrarily defined, it measures about 11,000 square kilometres (4,200 sq mi).[1] The term \"Ilemi\" may more accurately be transcribed as \"Elemi\" in the Didinga language, signifying acceptance. This suggest that, in Didinga history, the region became favorable when they arrived, evidenced by the thriving health of the cattle that accepted the local vegetation, indicating a symbiotic relationship between the cattle's well-being and the area. The territory is claimed by South Sudan and Kenya. The territory also borders Ethiopia and, despite use and trespass into the triangle by border tribes from within Ethiopia, the Ethiopian government has not made any official claim on the area, instead agreeing that the land was Sudanese territory in the 1902, 1907, and 1972 treaties.[2][3][4] Kenya now has de facto control of all the territory in the Ilemi Triangle up to the northern 1950 Sudanese Patrol Line.[5] The dispute arose from the 1914 treaty in which a straight parallel line was used to divide territories that were both part of the British Empire. However the Turkana people\u2014nomadic herders\u2014continued to move to and from the border and traditionally grazed in the area. [...] Further reading [edit]- Ilemi Triangle: Unfixed Bandit Frontier Claimed by Sudan, Kenya and Ethiopia; Author: Dr. Nene Mburu", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Essequibo River is a territory of Venezuela", "evidence": "The Essequibo (in Spanish, Esequibo), is an undeveloped, sparsely populated but resource-rich jungle territory region, nearly sixty percent of modern Guyana, consisting of all its territory west of the Essequibo River (see map). Venezuela\u2019s deeply rooted belief is that the Essequibo region was unjustly taken from them by meddling foreign powers. It is a matter of national integrity, made more alluring by the possible wealth of natural resources there. Guyana\u2019s position is that they are trying to defend the land that has been part of their country for almost 200 years, land they need to help develop their country economically. The territorial dispute, dating back to the 1830s, has heated up in recent months, after Exxon Mobil, working for the Guyanese government, announced in May 2015 that it had discoverd a large reserve of oil in ocean waters off the disputed territory.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Essequibo River is a territory of Guyana", "evidence": "The region of Essequibo (or as it is known in Spanish, Esequibo) is a disputed territory controlled by Guyana but claimed by Venezuela. The dispute between the two countries over Essequibo is decades old, for it is a direct legacy of the colonial powers that ruled over the two nations - Spain in Venezuela and the United Kingdom in Guyana. However, the conflict has recently come to a head. Especially after the discovery of oil and gas offshore, Venezuela\u2019s actions against Guyana\u2019s sovereignty have increased. Indeed, expanding the country\u2019s continental platform and sea borders would benefit the nation from both a geographical and economic standpoint. In this context, Venezuela\u2019s claims are likely to affect regional peace and security. If a diplomatic solution is not found, tensions could escalate, resulting in maritime skirmishes and stand offs. Thus, the governments of both countries should pay close attention to resolving the matter swiftly.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Ankoko Island/Isla de Anacoco is a territory of Venezuela", "evidence": "Ankoko Island (Isla de Anacoco in Venezuela) is located at the confluence of the Cuyuni River and Wenamu River, at (6\u00b043\u2032N61\u00b08\u2032W), on the border between Venezuela and the disputed area of Guayana Esequiba. [...] Leguan Island is a small island situated in the delta of the Essequibo River on the coast of Guyana, South America.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ankoko Island/Isla de Anacoco is a territory of Guyana", "evidence": "Ankoko Island (Spanish: Isla de Anacoco) is an island located at the confluence of the Cuyuni River and Wenamu River, at 6\u00b043\u2032N 61\u00b08\u2032W / 6.717\u00b0N 61.133\u00b0W, on the border between Venezuela and Guyana. The Ankoko Island border was finalized in 1905 by the British-Venezuelan Mixed Boundry Commission, in accordance with the Arbitral Award of 3 October 1899. Venezuelan commissioners Abraham Tirado and Elias Toro surveyed the area of the boundary for demarcation and, along with two British surveyors, all participants agreed and signed off on the border in 1905. Domestically, Venezuelans were vocal in their disappointment with the 1899 ruling. In the 20th century, the government of Venezuela officially sought to abrogate the legal borders and revert to the colonial boundary of the Essequibo river as set by the Spanish Empire. In 1966, five months after Guyana gained independence, the Venezuelan armed forces crossed the boundary on Ankoko Island and has occupied the Guyanese side of the island ever since, in violation of the peace treaty set forth by the Geneva Agreement. The status of the island is subject to the Geneva Agreement, which was signed by the United Kingdom, Venezuela and British Guiana on 17 February 1966. This treaty stipulates that the parties will agree to find a practical, peaceful and satisfactory solution to the border dispute.[1] Venezuela, which claims Ankoko Island as its own in the Guyana\u2013Venezuela territorial dispute, established a military base on the island in 1966, which Guyana claims as an intrusion and aggression on its sovereign territory.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Arroyo de la Invernada is a territory of Brazil", "evidence": "Invernada (Arroyo de la Invernada) area of the Rio Quarai (Rio Cuareim) and the islands at the confluence of the Rio Quarai and the Uruguay River", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Arroyo de la Invernada is a territory of Uruguay", "evidence": "Arroyo de la Invernada (Arroio Invernada) / [...] Arroyo de la Invernada (Arroyo de la Invernada) is a stream (class H - Hydrographic) in Uruguay (general), Uruguay (South America) with the region font code of Americas/Western Europe. It is located at an elevation of 165 meters above sea level. Arroyo de la Invernada is also known as Arroio Do Maneco, Arroio Invernada, Arroyo Invernada, Arroyo de Invernada, Arroyo de la Invernada, Maneco.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Vila Albornoz is a territory of Uruguay", "evidence": "Vila Thomaz Albornoz is a village in the border region between Brazil and Uruguay claimed by both countries. It is located adjacent to Villa Masoller in Uruguay and on international maps it appears as a territory under discussion. The contested region is located in what was called Rinc\u00e3o de Artigas, which has 22,000 hectares and has been litigated since 1934. Vila Albornoz was installed in 1985, on land ceded by rancher Thomaz Albornoz, to mark the Brazilian presence in the area.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ilemi Triangle is a territory of South Sudan", "evidence": "Ilemi triangle is variously claimed by Kenya, Ethiopia and South Sudan. This explains why until now the triangle has been unwanted hence not economically developed by any regional government.[4] Ilemi triangle is on the fringe of South Sudan, which is rich in unexplored oil. Nevertheless no explorations have been made in the contested territory partly due to insecurity from the 30 year civil war in South Sudan and partly due to hands-off altitude by each regional government. It lacks in infrastructure or modern facilities and is so insulated that its only reminder of the outside world is a Kenyan frontier post.[5] [...] The Ilemi Triangle is a piece of land joining Sudan, Kenya and Ethiopia, roughly measuring between 10,320 and 14,000sq kilometers and named after Anuak Chief Ilemi Akwon.[52] The Triangle is on the fringe of Southern Sudan and is home to five ethno-linguistic communities: the Turkana, Didinga, Toposa, Inyangatom and the Dassenench who are members of the larger ethno-cultural groups of these neighbouring countries but traditionally migrate to graze in the Triangle.[53] Precisely, the conflict surrounding the Ilemi triangle originated from the unclearity of the 1907 treaty signed between the Ethiopian government under Emperor Menelik and the British, which in fact became the Kenya-Ethiopian border, latter known as the 1914 Line.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Falkland Islands is a territory of Argentina", "evidence": "The Falkland Islands are administered by the U.K. as an overseas territory, but are also claimed based on historical arguments by Argentina, which calls them \"las Islas Malvinas\". Both countries have signed and ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which defines ownership and legal rights for the waters surrounding coastal countries. According to the UNCLOS, each country is entitled to three basic zones of control in its surrounding seas: [...] The territorial sea is an area stretching up to 12 nautical miles out from the edge of the land or internal waters, which is considered sovereign territory of the state (i.e. an actual part of the country), though the \"innocent passage\" rule requires that foreign ships still be allowed to sail there without permission. Both the U.K. and Argentina claim a 12 nautical mile territorial sea surrounding the Falkland Islands. The two countries' claims are slightly different because they're drawn from the edges of the differing internal waters claims. The U.K. claim is shown on the map above (the small circle at the bottom is the territorial sea around Beauchene Island).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Falkland Islands is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "- The Falkland Islands are a United Kingdom Overseas Territory and their discovery was first reported in August 1592 by a British navigator Captain John Davis aboard the ship \u2018Desire\u2019 - The Falkland Islands flag commemorates this first sighting and the ship is also referenced in the motto of the Falkland Islands \u2018Desire the Right\u2019 - Geographically, the Falkland Islands were once part of East Africa and, as such, we have some interesting and unusual landscape features, such as stone runs which are \u2018rivers\u2019 of boulders; the highest points are Mount Usborne on the East (705m) and Mount Adam on the West (700m) - The Falkland Islands are an archipelago, consisting of two main islands (East and West Falkland) and 778 smaller islands, with a total area of approximately 4,700 sq. m (half the size of Wales) - The Falkland Islands are situated in the South Atlantic, some 400 miles from the South American mainland and 850 miles north of the Antarctic Circle - The climate is characterised by a narrow temperature range ranging from 24\u00b0C in January to -5\u00b0C in July; the highest points are Mount Usborne on East Falkland (705m) and Mount Adam on West Falkland (700m)", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is a territory of United Kingdom", "evidence": "Wikimedia Commons has media related to South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands. South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands are an overseas territory of the United Kingdom claimed by Argentina. They are in the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean. The territory was started in 1985, before that it was classed as part of the Falkland Islands. The islands do not have a native population, but in 2006 they had around 20 people on the islands. Most of these people were scientists who are at Bird Island, museum staff at Grytviken and the British Government Officers.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is a territory of Argentina", "evidence": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean. It is a remote and inhospitable collection of islands, consisting of South Georgia and a chain of smaller islands known as the South Sandwich Islands. South Georgia is 165 kilometres (103 mi) long and 35 kilometres (22 mi) wide and is by far the largest island in the territory. The South Sandwich Islands lie about 700 kilometres (430 mi) southeast of South Georgia. The territory's total land area is 3,903 km2 (1,507 sq mi).[1] The Falkland Islands are about 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) west from its nearest point. [...] The United Kingdom claimed sovereignty over South Georgia in 1775 and the South Sandwich Islands in 1908. The territory of \"South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands\" was formed in 1985;[3] previously, it had been governed as part of the Falkland Islands Dependencies. Argentina claimed South Georgia in 1927 and claimed the South Sandwich Islands in 1938. [...] - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands at Curlie - Wikimedia Atlas of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands - Map of the Argentine claim over Islas Georgias del Sur y Sandwich del Sur", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "French Guiana is a territory of Suriname", "evidence": "French Guiana: A tropical overseas territory Situated north of the Amazon rainforest, French Guiana is France\u2019s only overseas territory on the American continent. Some 95% of its land is blanketed by tropical woodland. The Maroni river, which separates French Guiana from Suriname, is at the heart of people's lives. FRANCE 24 takes you to meet some of the locals, who make a living along the river's banks.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "French Guiana is a territory of France", "evidence": "French Guiana is an overseas region and department of France, and it is therefore governed by similar government institutions as those found in French mainland. Cayenne serves as French Guiana\u2019s capital. The first European to dock in French Guiana was Christopher Columbus who found native communities. The Italians initially wanted to occupy the region after which the Dutch and French contested. The early French settlers faced hostility and succumbed to tropical diseases. The arrival of African slaves facilitated the establishment of plantations and triggered the development of French Guiana. The discovery of gold in 1853 created border disputes with Suriname and Brazil which were subsequently settled. The territory was declared an overseas region of France on March 19, 1946, although they have been calls for autonomy. The 2010 referendum saw the citizens voting against independence. [...] The territory\u2019s politics features the Guianese Socialist Party as the key player, and it maintains close links with the Socialist Party in France. The Guianese Party has 29 seats in the Regional Council and three in the General Council. French Guiana is represented by two elected senators in the French Senate. The current ones are from the Guianese Socialist Party namely Jean-\u00c9tienne Antoinette and Georges Patient. Other parties which feature in Guiana\u2019s politics are the Union for a Popular Movement which has seven seats in the Regional Council and three in the General Councils and Walwari which has one member in the General Council and seven in the Regional Council. French Guiana is represented by two deputies in the National Assembly of France.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Marouini River is a territory of Suriname", "evidence": "Suriname\u2019s territorial disagreement with French Guiana is another significant border issue. The dispute centers around the Marouini River, which forms a natural boundary between the two territories. Both countries have claimed the area as their own, with the conflict stemming from the influence and control of their respective colonial powers. The controversy over the Marouini River continues to be a point of contention between Suriname and French Guiana. [...] Suriname\u2019s territorial disagreement with French Guiana primarily revolves around the Marouini River. Both countries lay claim to this area, which has historically been a subject of contentious debate and conflicting perceptions. The issue has its roots in the colonial period, as the Dutch and French colonial powers sought to establish control over the region, leading to overlapping claims and ongoing disputes. [...] The controversy over the Marouini River remains a source of friction between Suriname and French Guiana. The river serves as a natural boundary, but disagreement over ownership persists. Efforts to engage in diplomatic negotiations and international arbitration have been undertaken, with the hope of finding a peaceful and mutually acceptable resolution. However, the issue remains unresolved, exemplifying the challenges faced in resolving border disputes.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Tigri Area is a territory of Suriname", "evidence": "Which two countries are involved in the \"Tigri Area territorial dispute\"? Notes: Suriname and Guyana are the two countries that are involved in the \"Tigri Area territorial dispute\". The Tigri Area is an area that has been disputed since around 1840 by Suriname and Guyana. It involves the area between the Upper Corentyne River (also called New River), the Coeroeni River and the Kutari River. This triangular area is in Guyana known as the New River Triangle. In 1969 the conflict ran high on and since then the Tigri Area is controlled by Guyana and claimed by Suriname. In 1971 both governments in Trinidad agreed that they continue talks over the border issue and withdraw their military forces from the disputed Triangle. Guyana has never held upon this agreement.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "KaNgwane is a territory of Eswatini", "evidence": "KaNgwane, former nonindependent Bantustan, eastern Transvaal, South Africa. It was created as a homeland for those Swazi people not residing in Swaziland. KaNgwane (and the independent nation of Swaziland) was the traditional homeland of the Swazi, who were organized into a kingdom in the early 1800s. In 1895 the territory of KaNgwane was taken over by the Boer South African Republic (later the Crown Colony of the Transvaal). Under the apartheid system, it was designated as the Bantustan for Swazi people in 1977. KaNgwane was one of the smallest of the Bantustans and occupied mostly highveld land. It consisted of two separate land units. The main portion formed a narrow strip along the western and northern border of Swaziland; and a smaller exclave lay immediately to the north. The capital was Louieville. Under the South African constitution that abolished the apartheid system, KaNgwane was dissolved and reincorporated into South Africa as part of the Eastern Transvaal (now Mpumalanga) province in 1994.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Isla Brasilera/Ilha Brasileira is a territory of Uruguay", "evidence": "Brazilian Island (Portuguese: Ilha Brasileira; in Standard Spanish: Isla Brasile\u00f1a; in Portu\u00f1ol/Portunhol: Isla Brasilera) is a small uninhabited river island at the confluence of the Uruguay River and the Quara\u00ed (Cuareim) River, between the borders of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, which is disputed by the two latter countries. The island is approximately 3.7 km (2.3 mi) long by 0.9 km (0.6 mi) wide, and it is located at 30\u00b010\u203256\u2033S 57\u00b037\u203243\u2033W / 30.18222\u00b0S 57.62861\u00b0W. The island has long been claimed by both Brazil and Uruguay. Brazilian officials claim that the island is within their municipality of Barra do Quara\u00ed, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Uruguayan officials claim that the island is part of their municipality of Bella Uni\u00f3n, in Artigas Department. However, neither country has shown interest in actively enforcing its claims to the island, for example by sending troops there. Like the other territorial dispute between Brazil and Uruguay in the vicinity of Masoller, it has not prevented close and friendly diplomatic and economic ties between the two countries. [...] In Spanish: Isla Brasilera para ni\u00f1os - Masoller - Uruguayan village located next to another disputed area on the Brazilian border.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Isla Brasilera/Ilha Brasileira is a territory of Brazil", "evidence": "Brazilian Island facts for kids Brazilian Island (Portuguese: Ilha Brasileira; in Standard Spanish: Isla Brasile\u00f1a; in Portu\u00f1ol/Portunhol: Isla Brasilera) is a small uninhabited river island at the confluence of the Uruguay River and the Quara\u00ed (Cuareim) River, between the borders of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, which is disputed by the two latter countries. The island is approximately 3.7 km (2.3 mi) long by 0.9 km (0.6 mi) wide, and it is located at 30\u00b010\u203256\u2033S 57\u00b037\u203243\u2033W / 30.18222\u00b0S 57.62861\u00b0W. [...] In Spanish: Isla Brasilera para ni\u00f1os - Masoller - Uruguayan village located next to another disputed area on the Brazilian border.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Isla Su\u00e1rez/Ilha de Guajar\u00e1-mirim is a territory of Brazil", "evidence": "The Isla Su\u00e1rez (Bolivia) or Ilha de Guajar\u00e1-Mirim (Brazil) is one of the world's many disputed territories. The island lies in the Rio Mamor\u00e9, which defines part of the boundary between the Bolivian department of Beni and the Brazilian state of Rond\u00f4nia. Map of Isla Su%C3%A1rez, Bolivia Isla Su\u00e1rez Wikipedia(Text) CC BY-SA", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Gulf of Venezuela is a territory of Colombia", "evidence": "The Gulf of Venezuela, also known as Golfo De Venezuela, is an inland sea located between Venezuela on the east, south, and west, and Colombia on the northwest. The gulf opens into the Caribbean Sea on the north and exchanges water with a tidal bay on the south known as Lake Maracaibo. Some segments of the gulf are the subject of a longstanding dispute between Venezuela and Colombia. Although the contested areas are relatively small, the possible presence of petroleum deposits has made it difficult to resolve the dispute, despite the involvement of a bilateral commission. The Gulf of Venezuela is an important shipping route for vessels transporting petroleum from the Lake Maracaibo region. The Gulf of Venezuela is one of the inlets of the Caribbean Sea located on the northernmost boundary between Venezuela and Colombia. The gulf separates the Paraguana Peninsula on the east and Guajira Peninsula on the west. The Paraguana Peninsula is wholly under Venezuela\u2019s jurisdiction and contained within the Falcon State. The Guajira Peninsula (known as La Goajira Peninsula in Colombia) is shared by Guajira Department (Colombia) and Zulia State (Venezuela) countries. Much of the gulf\u2019s coastline is within Venezuela\u2019s sovereignty, while Colombia has a short coastline on the northeastern tip of the Guajira Peninsula.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Los Monjes Archipelago is a territory of Colombia", "evidence": "\"I have the honour to inform you of the receipt of your letter No # of today's date, setting forth the conclusions that the Government of Colombia has reached with regard to the Los Monjes archipelago, as a result of the cordial talks which the Governments of our two countries have held on that subject in recent months through our embassies in Bogot\u00e1 and Caracas \"On the basis of this past history, the Government of Colombia hereby declares that it does not oppose the sovereignty of the United States of Venezuela over the Los Monjes archipelago, and that therefore it does not oppose nor does it wish to make any claim concerning the exercise of such sovereignty or any act by Venezuela asserting control over the archipelago in question. [...] \"On the basis of this past history, the Government of Colombia hereby declares that it does not oppose the sovereignty of the United States of Venezuela over the Los Monjes archipelago, and that therefore it does not oppose nor does it wish to make any claim concerning the exercise of such sovereignty or any act by Venezuela asserting control over the archipelago in question \"I have the honour to inform you of the receipt of your letter No. GM\u2010542 of today\u2019s date, setting forth the conclusions that the Government of Colombia has reached with regard to the Los Monjes archipelago, as a result of the cordial talks which the Governments of our two countries have held on that subject in recent months through our embassies in Bogot\u00e1 and Caracas.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "KaNgwane is a territory of South Africa", "evidence": "South Africa - Ka Ngwane KaNgwane was a tribal homeland in the eastern region of Republic of South Africa from 1981 until 1994.[1] It was formerly called the \"Swazi Territory,\" and was set aside for Swazi-speaking people, and granted nominal self-rule in 1981. Unlike the other homelands in South Africa, KaNgwane did not adopt a distinctive flag of its own and flew the national flag of South Africa. KaNgwane was reincorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994, becoming part of the provinces of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Los Monjes Archipelago is a territory of Venezuela", "evidence": "The Los Monjes islands (Spanish: Archipi\u00e9lago Los Monjes) is a federal dependency of Venezuela are located to the northwest 80 kilometres (49.7 miles) of the Gulf of Venezuela, 34.8 kilometres (21.6 miles) off the coast of Guajira Peninsula at the border between Colombia and the Venezuelan state of Zulia. [...] \"The Government of Colombia declares that it does not object to the sovereignty of the United States of Venezuela over the Los Monjes Archipelago and that consequently it does not object to the exercise of that sovereignty, or to any act of claim that it may make with respect to the exercise of that sovereignty, or to any act of domination by that country over the archipelago in question.\" [...] In Spanish: Archipi\u00e9lago Los Monjes para ni\u00f1os - Federal Dependencies of Venezuela - List of marine molluscs of Venezuela - List of Poriferans of Venezuela", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Southern Patagonian Ice Field is a territory of Argentina", "evidence": "The Southern Patagonian Ice Field (Spanish: Campo de Hielo Patag\u00f3nico Sur), located at the Southern Patagonic Andes between Chile and Argentina, is the world's second largest contiguous extrapolar ice field.[1] It is the bigger of two remnant parts of the Patagonian Ice Sheet, which covered all of southern Chile during the last glacial period, locally called the Llanquihue glaciation. Geography [edit]The Southern Patagonia Ice Field extends from parallels 48\u00b0 15\u2032 S to 51\u00b0 30\u2032 S for approximately 350 kilometres (220 mi), and has an approximate area of 16,480 km2 (6,360 sq mi), of which 14,200 km2 belong to Chile and 2,600 km2 belong to Argentina.[a] [...] The Southern Patagonian Ice Field section of the border is the last remaining border issue between Chile and Argentina. On August 1, 1991, the governments of Chile and Argentina agreed on a borderline, but the agreement was never ratified by the Argentine legislature. Later, in 1998, both governments agreed to redraw the borderline between Mount Fitz Roy and Cerro Murall\u00f3n[12][13]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Southern Patagonian Ice Field is a territory of Chile", "evidence": "The Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI, Fig. 1) is a temperate ice mass (Warren and Sugden, Reference Warren and Sugden1993) that spans the territories of Southern Chile and Argentina, and constitutes most of the land ice stored in South America (Pfeffer and others, Reference Pfeffer2014). This region has become increasingly important due to its global sea level rise contribution (Rignot and others, Reference Rignot, Rivera and Casassa2003; Willis and others, Reference Willis, Melkonian, Pritchard and Rivera2012b; Gardner and others, Reference Gardner2013). Most of the ablation zones of the SPI glaciers are retreating with high thinning rates, resulting in lake/fjord expansions, the growth in the number of proglacial lakes, the increasing occurrence of glacial lake outburst floods, massive calving events and landslides in formerly ice-covered areas (Wilson and others, Reference Wilson, Carri\u00f3n and Rivera2016, Reference Wilson2018; Harrison and others, Reference Harrison2018; Lenzano and others, Reference Lenzano2018). [...] At San Rafael Glacier (Northern Patagonia Icefield) modelling results show that basal sliding accounts for 98% of the observed surface ice velocity in the fast-flowing part of the glacier (Collao-Barrios and others, Reference Collao-Barrios2018). Following these results, we assume that on Jorge Montt Glacier the vertically averaged ice velocity $\\bar {u}_{\\rm i}$ equals the measured surface ice velocity v i (Pfeffer, Reference Pfeffer2007). The ice discharge Q i through a fluxgate is calculated by integrating ice velocity $\\bar {u}_{\\rm i}$ across a transverse profile:", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Monte Fitz Roy is a territory of Argentina", "evidence": "Carved out by glaciers eons ago, Mount Fitz Roy towers over a treasure trove of awe-inspiring trails in Patagonia\u2019s stunning landscape. Fitz Roy sits right on the border between Argentina and Chile, guarding \"Argentina\u2019s Trekking Capital,\" El Chalt\u00e9n. Winding through the heart of UNESCO World Heritage site, Los Glaciares National Park, the Fitz Roy trek is the gateway to the walls of Patagonia\u2019s iconic granite massif. The serrated peaks pose as a majestic backdrop on many of the national park\u2019s hikes, and the Fitz Roy trek is no different. [...] Mount Fitz Roy is located on the border between Argentina and Chile, part of the Andes Mountains in southwest Argentina. The mountain rises from the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, a 13,000 square kilometer expanse covered in flowing glaciers, fjords and mountains stretching to the most southern tip of the South American continent. The massive ice sheet contains the third largest amount of freshwater ice, and the largest in the southern hemisphere outside of Antarctica. This also means Patagonia is one of the windiest and wettest places on Earth.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Monte Fitz Roy is a territory of Chile", "evidence": "Monte Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chalt\u00e9n, Cerro Fitz Roy, or simply Mount Fitz Roy) is a mountain in Patagonia, on the border between Argentina and Chile. It is located in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, near El Chalt\u00e9n village and Viedma Lake. It was first climbed in 1952 by French alpinists Lionel Terray and Guido Magnone. By elevation Monte Fitz Roy is # 1 out of 2 in Monumento Natural Provincial Cerro Chalten # 3 out of 838 in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina # 4 out of 537 in Provincia de \u00daltima Esperanza # 4 out of 1179 in XII Region of Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica # 2 out of 124 in Los Glaciares National Park By prominence Monte Fitz Roy is # 1 out of 2 in Monumento Natural Provincial Cerro Chalten # 4 out of 838 in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina # 22 out of 10580 in Chile # 4 out of 537 in Provincia de \u00daltima Esperanza # 6 out of 1179 in XII Region of Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica # 1 out of 124 in Los Glaciares National Park # 38 out of 16361 in the Andes (Chile, Argentina)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Cerro Murall\u00f3n is a territory of Argentina", "evidence": "Cerro Murall\u00f3n is a glacier mountain of the Andes, in Patagonia, located on the eastern edge of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, southwest of Lake Viedma, at the border between Chile and Argentina. [...] Toponymy [edit]Cerro Murall\u00f3n is named for its immense granite wall it presents.[3] Cerro Murall\u00f3n was photographed for the first time by the Salesian missionary Alberto Mar\u00eda de Agostini in 1949,[4] and its first ascent was made by Eduardo Garc\u00eda, Cedomir Marangunic, Eric Shipton and Jack Ewer on January 24, 1961, on its west face. The first climb to the northeast wall was made in 1984 by the Italians Carlo Alde, Casimiro Ferrari and Paolo Vitali.[5][6] [...] - ^ Peakbagger - ^ (in Spanish) Stefan Glowacz, Cerro Murall\u00f3n, 1er juin 2006 - ^ Tecpetrol Archived 2012-01-29 at the Wayback Machine - ^ \"Informe Patagonia\". Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Bakassi is a territory of Cameroon", "evidence": "Along the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean in southwestern Cameroon lies an oil-rich peninsular called Bakassi, a territory full of history. Once controlled by Nigeria for dozens of years, the disputed area is now under the control of the Cameroonian government. Most of its residents still lack legal ID. [...] Cameroon finally regained full sovereignty over Bakassi on August 14, 2008 in a symbolic ceremony which took place in the Nigerian city of Calabar. But 15 years after that full take-over of authority, Bakassi remains mired in a litany of problems. [...] Since Bakassi officially became a Cameroonian territory, all children born there, even of Nigerian parents, are automatically considered Cameroonian since the country recognises the jus soli principle of nationality. However, intentional efforts must be made, observers say, to ensure that these children enjoy their right to legal identity, which is also vital in guaranteeing them access to a wide array of services later on in their lives.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Bhutanese enclaves is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The PRC also tends to see Bhutan to some extent as a part of its own territory. In 1930, for instance, Mao Zedong claimed that Bhutan fell under \"the correct boundaries of China.\" Official maps of the PRC released in 1954 and 1958 reflected Beijing\u2019s expanding territorial claims in Bhutan, and in 1959, amid its annexation of Tibet, the pRC occupied eight Bhutanese enclaves in western Bhutan. [4] The bloody suppression of the Tibetan uprising and the flight of the 14th Dalai Lama and his followers left a deep impression on the Bhutanese. Accounts of Chinese atrocities on Tibetans who fled to Bhutan convinced them that the Chinese were \"out to destroy Buddhism and Buddhists\" (China Brief, April 20, 2017). Even the PRC\u2019s most recent standard national map includes disputed Bhutanese territories as its own (People\u2019s Daily App, August 28, 2023).", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ingwavuma is a territory of Eswatini", "evidence": "The Ngwavuma is a river in Eswatini and KwaZulu-Natal Province in southern Africa. It is also known as the Inguavuma, Ingwavuma, Ingwovuma, and Nggwavuma, and is one of the five major rivers in Eswatini. It arises in southwestern Eswatini and flows eastward. It is a tributary of the Pongola River. The principal towns in Eswatini along the Ngwavuma are Nhlangano and Nsoko.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Bhutanese enclaves is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The Sino-Bhutanese border dispute involves 764 square kilometers (sq km) of territory. Beijing claims 495 sq km of territory in the Jakurlung and Pasamlung Valleys in north-central Bhutan and another 269 sq km in western Bhutan, comprising the Doklam Plateau (Bhutan News Service, January 1, 2013). Doklam Plateau abuts Chumbi Valley, which like the Tawang salient that adjoins Bhutan\u2019s eastern border has enormous strategic significance for China, Bhutan as well as India. India\u2019s defense of its northeast would be undermined should Bhutan cede control over it to China. [...] With British influence in Bhutan growing in the latter half of the 19th century, China began asserting its suzerainty over the Himalayan kingdom, intervening in its affairs and even sending its troops to emphasize its claims there. [3] In 1910, China laid claim to Bhutan along with Nepal and Sikkim and in 1930, Mao Zedong named Bhutan and Nepal, among other countries, as falling within the \"the correct boundaries of China.\" The People\u2019s Republic of China asserted its claims over Bhutan even more aggressively. Maps in official publications showed parts of Bhutan as Chinese territory. During its annexation of Tibet, China occupied eight Bhutanese enclaves in western Bhutan. Such actions \"scare[d] the small state of Bhutan.\" [4]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Bhutanese enclaves is a territory of Bhutan", "evidence": "But more interestingly, the Report mentions several Bhutanese enclaves in Tibet, it notes: \"Chinese officials have illegally dispossessed the designated authorities of the Government of Bhutan in the following eight villages situated in western Tibet over which Bhutan has been exercising administrative jurisdiction for more than 300 years: Khangri, Tarchen, Tsekhor, Diraphu, Dzung Tuphu, Jangehe, Chakip and Kocha.\" Minsar, the Indian enclave in Tibet is better known, but these villages too did not belong to Tibet, they were part of Bhutan\u2019s territory. [...] A scholar, John Bray, who is President of the International Association of Ladakh Studies, wrote a fascinating research paper on the \u2018Bhutanese enclaves\u2019 in Tibet. He explained that until the 1950s \"both Ladakh and Bhutan governed small enclaves of territory in Western Tibet. Ladakh\u2019s enclave consisted of the village of Minsar, near lake Manasarovar, and its surrounding land, while Bhutan governed the Darchen Labrang and several smaller monasteries and villages near Mount Kailash \u2026and Bhutan continued to raise revenue there for some 300 years.\".\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Darchen is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Kangsa Village (Tibetan: \u0f42\u0f44\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb2\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f5a\u0f7c\u0f0d), poetically known as Darchen, Tarchan or Taqin (Tibetan: \u0f51\u0f62\u0f0b\u0f46\u0f7a\u0f53, ZYPY: Tarq\u00ean, simplified Chinese: \u5854\u94a6; traditional Chinese: \u5854\u6b3d; pinyin: t\u01ceq\u012bn), is a former Bhutanese enclave,[1] currently held by the People's Republic of China and the seat of the Parga Township, Purang County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Thus, it is commonly referred as Parga although there is another smaller settlement formally named Parga after which the Parga Township was named, located on the east of this settlement. It was also previously known as Lhara and still signposted as such. It was previously an important sheep station for nomads and their flocks and had only two permanent buildings; only one of which survived the Cultural Revolution and is now used to house Tibetan pilgrims.[2] Darchen is situated right in front of the sacred mountain, Mount Kailash. Its altitude is 4,670m (15,321 feet) and it is the starting and ending point for the parikrama/kora of Mount Kailash.[3] [...] Darchen was once an enclave of Bhutan, held for almost 300 years and from where Bhutan raised revenue, until the People's Republic of China annexed it in 1959.[1][9]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Doklam is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Doklam (Tibetan: \u0f60\u0f56\u0fb2\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f58, Wylie: \u2018brog lam, THL: drok lam),[1][a] called Donglang (Chinese: \u6d1e\u6717) by China,[5][6] is an area in Chumbi Valley with a high plateau and a valley, lying between China's Yadong County to the north, Bhutan's Ha District to the east and India's Sikkim state to the west. Since the 1960s, China and Bhutan have disputed sovereignty over the Doklam area. The dispute has not been resolved despite several rounds of border negotiations between Bhutan and China.[3][7] The area is of strategic importance to all three countries.[3][8][9] [...] Anglo-Chinese Treaty [edit]China claims the Doklam area as Chinese territory based on the Anglo-Chinese Treaty of 1890, negotiated between the British Empire in India and the Chinese resident in Tibet.[86][87] Its purpose was to delineate the boundary between Sikkim and Tibet, and Bhutan was mentioned only in the offing. Article I of the treaty states: [...] On 29 June 2017, Bhutan protested the Chinese construction of a road in the disputed territory.[96] The Bhutanese border was put on high alert and border security was tightened as a result of the growing tensions.[97] On the same day, China released a map depicting Doklam as part of China, claiming, via the map, that all territory up to Gipmochi belonged to China by the 1890 Anglo-Chinese treaty.[98]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Doklam is a territory of Bhutan", "evidence": "Border Trijunction: Doklam (Doko La) Doko La (Doklam) is a strategical tri-junction of India, Bhutan and China. Doklam is recognised as a Bhutanese territory by India and Bhutan. But, China claims some parts of the Doklam Plateau as part of its \"ancient\" frontier. From 1984, Bhutan and China have conducted nearly 24 rounds of dialogue to delineate the border between them and the process is still going on. Doklam is in news due to the recent stand-off between Indian and Chinese Army. The reason behind the stand-off was the Chinese attempt to build a road in the strategically located Doklam. On June 16, China attempted to build a road construction by bringing in earthmovers and construction machines in the Doklam area of Bhutan. The Royal Bhutan Army objected to these construction activities in its territory but was outnumbered and pushed back to its post by the China\u2019s PLA following which Bhutan called for the help of Indian Army. India and Bhutan have signed the 2007 Friendship Treaty according to which, India serves as a virtual security guarantor of Bhutan. Indian Army and Bhutan Army do joint patrolling at the tri-junction. The Indian Army had asked the PLA to stop the road construction activity that has resulted in a stand-off.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Demchok sector is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The Demchok[lower-alpha 1] sector is a disputed area named after the villages of Demchok, Ladakh and D\u00eamqog, Tibet, situated near the confluence of the Charding Nullah and Indus River. It is a part of the greater Sino-Indian border dispute between China and India. Both China and India claim the disputed region, with a Line of Actual Control between the two nations situated along the Charding Nullah.[lower-alpha 2] [...] - \u2191 Arpi, Claude (19 May 2017). \"The Case of Demchok\". Indian Defence Review. http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/the-case-of-demchok/. \"The talks were held in Beijing between Zhang Hanfu, China's Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, N. Raghavan, the Indian Ambassador to China and T.N. Kaul, his Charg\u00e9 d'Affaires and Chen Chai-Kang, a Director. They lasted from December 1953 till end of April 1954. [...] Kaul objected, Demchok was in India, he told Chen who answered that India's border was further on the West of the Indus. On Kaul's insistence Chen said \"There can be no doubt about actual physical possession which can be verified on spot but to avoid any dispute we may omit mention of Demchok\". [...] In October 1962, the Demchok sub-sector was held by the 7 J&K Militia. The PLA launched an attack on October 22. [...] The PLA eventually withdrew, but occupied the southern part of Demchok.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Demchok sector is a territory of India", "evidence": "The Demchok sector[a] is a disputed area named after the villages of Demchok in Ladakh and Demchok in Tibet, situated near the confluence of the Charding Nullah and Indus River. It is a part of the greater Sino-Indian border dispute between China and India. Both China and India claim the disputed region, with a Line of Actual Control between the two nations situated along the Charding Nullah.[b] [...] The talks were held in Beijing between Zhang Hanfu, China's Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, N. Raghavan, the Indian Ambassador to China and T.N. Kaul, his Charg\u00e9 d'Affaires and Chen Chai-Kang, a Director. They lasted from December 1953 till end of April 1954. [...] Kaul objected, Demchok was in India, he told Chen who answered that India's border was further on the West of the Indus. On Kaul's insistence Chen said \"There can be no doubt about actual physical possession which can be verified on spot but to avoid any dispute we may omit mention of Demchok\". [...] In October 1962, the Demchok sub-sector was held by the 7 J&K Militia. The PLA launched an attack on October 22. [...] The PLA eventually withdrew, but occupied the southern part of Demchok. [...] A selection of sources that state that the Demchok sector is administered by India:- Tamkin, Emily; Karklis, Laris; Meko, Tim (28 February 2019). \"The Trouble with Kashmir\". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 May 2020.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Ingwavuma is a territory of South Africa", "evidence": "Ingwavuma is a small rural town, nestled deep in the countryside of the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. Part of the Umkhanyakude District Municipality, Ingwavuma enjoys the hot, humid conditions typical of this part of South Africa for some of the year. However, being situated in the mountains and 700 metres above sea level, the climate can be cooler and more extreme than along the balmy coastline. [...] This little town was established in 1850, and was burnt to the ground during the Second Boer War in 1899. It was re-established the following year. Thanks to the rich Zulu culture and the fascinating history of British and Boer settlers, Ingwavuma continues to be full of heritage; inviting visitors from South Africa and all over the world to come and learn about the people and the place. Ingwavuma occupies only 1.74 square kilometres and is home to about 1 500 people. It has a number of schools, a hospital and a small shopping centre. The entire area is rural, however, and the facilities and services remain compromised by a lack of funds.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Demchok sector is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The Demchok sector is a disputed region centered on the villages of Demchok, Ladakh and D\u00eamqog, Ngari Prefecture, situated near the confluence of the Charding Nullah and Indus River. It is part of the greater Sino-Indian border dispute between China and India. Both India and China claim the disputed region, with a Line of Actual Control between the two nations situated along the Charding Nullah.[lower-alpha 1] [...] The talks were held in Beijing between Zhang Hanfu, China's Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, N. Raghavan, the Indian Ambassador to China and T.N. Kaul, his Charg\u00e9 d'Affaires and Chen Chai-Kang, a Director. They lasted from December 1953 till end of April 1954. [...] Kaul objected, Demchok was in India, he told Chen who answered that India's border was further on the West of the Indus. On Kaul's insistence Chen said \"There can be no doubt about actual physical possession which can be verified on spot but to avoid any dispute we may omit mention of Demchok\". [...] In October 1962, the Demchok sub-sector was held by the 7 J&K Militia. The PLA launched an attack on October 22. [...] The PLA eventually withdrew, but occupied the southern part of Demchok.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Depsang Plains is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The Depsang Plains, a high-altitude gravelly plain in the northwest portion of the disputed Aksai Chin region of Kashmir, divided into Indian and Chinese administered portions by a Line of Actual Control.[2][3] India controls the western portion of the plains as part of Ladakh, while the eastern portion is controlled by China and claimed by India.[4] The Line of Control with Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan is 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of the Depsang Plains, with the Siachen Glacier in-between.[5] Ladakh's traditional trade route to Central Asia passed through the Depsang Plains, with the Karakoram Pass lying directly to its north. The Depsang plains are also part of the area called Sub-Sector North (SSN) by the Indian military.[6] The area sees frequent tension between China and India. Major standoffs between the two countries occurred in 2013, 2015 and 2020. [...] The Depsang plains are located in the north-western Aksai Chin.[9] They are bounded on the north by the valley of the Chip Chap River and on the west by the Shyok River. On the east, they are bounded by low hills of the Lak Tsung range, which separate them from the basin of the Karakash River. In the south, the Depsang Plains proper end at the Depsang La pass, but in common parlance, the Depsang region is taken to include the mountainous region to the south of it, including the \"Depsang Bulge\". The latter is a bulge in theoretical Indian territory, housing the upper course of the Burtsa Nala.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Depsang Plains is a territory of India", "evidence": "For Prelims: Line of Actual Control (LAC), Depsang Plains, Galwan Valley, Pangong Tso, BRICS, Siachen Glacier, Aksai Chin, Darbuk-Shyok-DBO Road, G20. [...] - However, Demchok and Depsang plains have seen no progress towards their resolution in the past two years. [...] - Depsang Plains: The Depsang Plains is a strategically important territory, because the PLA\u2019s control threatens India\u2019s control over the Siachen Glacier, encircling the Indian Army from both China and Pakistan.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Chumar is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "CHUMAR STAND-OFF: APRIL - May 2013 Hours after Chinese troops pulled back from Daulat Beg Oldi, they came back in Chumar area in Ladakh. This time, the local patrol teams said that some 300 PLA troops were camping in Chumar. Chinese troops came there objecting to tin shed structures put by the Indian forces. [...] Chumar is the last village in Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir bordering Himachal Pradesh. Chumar has been a bone of contention between India and China with latter claiming it to be its own territory. Chinese troops have been foraying into this border area with their helicopters almost every year. This time, their troops raised tents on the ground.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Kaurik is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "With snow melting in the high-altitude areas, China\u2019s People Liberation Army has begun constructing a post along the Indian border in the sensitive Kaurik sector of Himachal Pradesh\u2019s tribal Lahaul and Spiti district. [...] Five battalions of the ITBP guard the border with China in the state. In all, there are 20 ITBP posts along the border and Kaurik is a sensitive one being the last village beyond Sumdoh. [...] China stepped up activity in the region after air incursions in Kaurik sector in April last year. Chinese helicopters violated Indian airspace twice in April 2020.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Shipki La is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "- Zoji La is a high mountain pass located in the Kargil district of Ladakh. [...] - Shipki La - It is a mountain pass and border post on the India-Tibet border, located in the Kinnaur district in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India, and Tibet Autonomous Region in the People\u2019s Republic of China.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Shipki La is a territory of India", "evidence": "Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post with a dozen buildings of significant size on the India-China border. The river Sutlej, which is called Langq\u00ean Zangbo in Tibet, enters India (from Tibet) near this pass.[1] A spur road on the Indian side rises to an altitude of 4,720 metres (15,490 ft) four km southwest of Shipki La. [...] The road from Tyak to Shipki is very dangerous and precipitous, sometimes consisting of a rather insecure scaffolding on the face of the cliff, hundreds of feet above the roaring torrent, and is suitable only for porters or goats as the path is often cut into the cliff and one has to bend double to proceed. After 4 miles there is a small village called Korang, and the Sutlej is crossed by bridge, the first since Toling. A mile farther on is Kiuk and, 3 miles past that, Shipki. ... The next day we found that it [our camp] was the other side of the village, and we passed it on our way to the Shipki La. This is the border village and there is a lumbardar (headman) here who speaks Urdu and can be very helpful. The Shipki La is 13,420 feet and is the border between Tibet and Bashahr State. As far as I know it is the lowest pass through the Himalaya and is open for a large part of the year: On the pass I rested and looked back to Tibet, just turning golden-brown in the morning sun. [...] - ^ \"Shipki La\". www.dangerousroads.org. Retrieved 18 August 2017.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Barahoti is a territory of India", "evidence": "Barahoti is part of the central sector and is considered a sensitive area. [...] Barahoti is an 80 sq km contested area along the Line of Actual Control with China in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. It is about 400 km from the state capital of Dehradun and 100 km from Joshimath, the location of a brigade headquatres. [...] The last big incident of hostility in Barahoti took place in 2017 during the Doklam standoff when Chinese troops transgressed into Indian territory forcing Indian shepherds out leading to some tensions.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Barahoti is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Barahoti (Bara Hoti, Hoti Plain), also called Wu-Je or Wure (Chinese: \u4e4c\u70ed; pinyin: W\u016b r\u00e8), located in the 'middle sector' of the disputed Sino-Indian border, is a 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2) sloping plain situated in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, Chamoli district.[1] It is disputed by China, which also disputes a 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) area surrounding it.[2] The entire disputed area also goes by the name \"Barahoti\", or sometimes \"Barahoti\u2013Sangchamalla\u2013Lapthal disputed area\". The entire area is on the Ganges side of the Sutlej\u2013Ganges water divide, which is also the current Line of Actual Control between India and China.[3] Barahoti was the first location in Indian territory claimed by China in 1954.[4] In 1960, China added Lapthal and Sangchamalla to the dispute and said that three places formed one composite area.[5] [...] - Barahoti disputed area, OpenStreetMap, retrieved 1 February 2022.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Jadhang is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The Tale of the Jadhs of Jadhung \"They must have cooked the name up\" I thought when one of the officers of the Jadung post said\u2026 \"\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u093e\u0901, \u0926\u0938 \u0915\u0940\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930- \u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0932 .\" [...] The Jadhs of Jadhung (Jadh-Dung) [...] The name Jadung seems to have come from the compound word Jadh (name of the tribe that inhabited the valley)- Dung (Mountain).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Jadhang is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Let us remember the basics to determine a border, as explained in the Report of the Officials of India and China in 1960/61; the Indian Report says: \"In the Middle Sector both sides had referred to the watershed boundary and were clear as to where the watershed lay. In fact, the two alignments coincided for the most part along the main watershed. The Chinese alignment departed from it only at Gyuand Kauirik, Shipki, Nilang-Jadhang, Barahoti, Lapthal and Sangchamalla. All these departures from the watershed were also the points of divergence from the Indian alignment, and were, curiously enough, to the south and west, so as to include Indian territory in Tibet, and in no case the other way round. These isolated and small departures always in one direction were difficult to comprehend and emphasized that the correct traditional boundary lay along the watershed itself.\" [...] The Report of 1960 further noted: \"In this sector the Chinese alignment are conformed for the most part to the traditional Indian alignment. Only in four areas did it diverge from the watershed to include certain pockets of Indian territory in China-the Spiti are (Chuva and Chuje), Shipki pass, the Nilang-Jadhang area (Sang and Tsungsha) and Barahoti (Wu-je) Sangchamalla and Lapthal. In this sector, therefore, it would be sufficient to prove the traditional and customary basis of the Indian alignment in these four areas.\" [...] There was no quid pro quo as long as Tibet was independent (though the entire Nilang-Jadhang area was claimed by Lhasa).", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Jadhang is a territory of India", "evidence": "Sang (Jadhang) is a small hilly village in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China. A tributary of the Jadh Ganga, itself an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. [...] Jadhang village itself and Jad people living in Jadhang and Nelang valley are named after a man \"Jadha\" who was resettled here by British adventurer Frederick Wilson. The settlement document of Garhwal Kingdom, which administered this area, from that era reads, \"Wilson invited certain Jadha from the upper Pargana of Kunawar in Bashahr state (now in Himachal Pradesh) to settle at Nilang, re-establish the hamlet of Jadhang and administered the area on behalf of Maharaja Bhavani Shah [r. 1859-71 CE].\"[3] [...] The India-held valley of the Jadh Ganga river is also claimed by China.[4]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Lapthal is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Let us remember the basics to determine a border, as explained in the Report of the Officials of India and China in 1960/61; the Indian Report says: \"In the Middle Sector both sides had referred to the watershed boundary and were clear as to where the watershed lay. In fact, the two alignments coincided for the most part along the main watershed. The Chinese alignment departed from it only at Gyuand Kauirik, Shipki, Nilang-Jadhang, Barahoti, Lapthal and Sangchamalla. All these departures from the watershed were also the points of divergence from the Indian alignment, and were, curiously enough, to the south and west, so as to include Indian territory in Tibet, and in no case the other way round. These isolated and small departures always in one direction were difficult to comprehend and emphasized that the correct traditional boundary lay along the watershed itself.\" [...] The Report of 1960 further noted: \"In this sector the Chinese alignment are conformed for the most part to the traditional Indian alignment. Only in four areas did it diverge from the watershed to include certain pockets of Indian territory in China-the Spiti are (Chuva and Chuje), Shipki pass, the Nilang-Jadhang area (Sang and Tsungsha) and Barahoti (Wu-je) Sangchamalla and Lapthal. In this sector, therefore, it would be sufficient to prove the traditional and customary basis of the Indian alignment in these four areas.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kafia Kingi is a territory of Sudan", "evidence": "Kafia Kingi [edit]Kafia Kingi is a South Sudan sovereign territory according to the authoritative 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed by both states, the UN, and Colin Powell representing the US, but has largely been controlled ever since then by Sudanese forces. The binding 2005 agreement specifies use of the 1 January 1956 boundary. Kafia Kingi was not transferred to Darfur in the north until 1960.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Lapthal is a territory of India", "evidence": "Barahoti was the first location in Indian territory claimed by China in 1954.[4] In 1960, China added Lapthal and Sangchamalla to the dispute and said that three places formed one composite area.[5] [...] Lapthal (or Laptel, 30\u00b044\u203200\u2033N 80\u00b008\u203200\u2033E / 30.7333\u00b0N 80.1333\u00b0E Chinese: \u62c9\u4e0d\u5e95) is a large pasture towards the eastern end of the bowl. It is on the bank of the Lapthal river (or Kio Gad) in the Pithoragarh district of Kumaon. It is accessed from the Johar Valley of the Pithoragarh district via Unta Dhura (5350m, 30\u00b034\u203235\u2033N 80\u00b010\u203221\u2033E / 30.5763\u00b0N 80.1725\u00b0E), through the Girthi Ganga valley, and the Kyungar La pass (5250m, 30\u00b039\u203203\u2033N 80\u00b009\u203232\u2033E / 30.6509\u00b0N 80.1588\u00b0E).[citation needed] [...] Disputes [edit]Hardly had the talks ended, than China complained of armed Indian officials arriving in the area on July 8. India deemed it to be routine \"revenue settlement operations\" by Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, mounted only as a reciprocation to China sending their civil officials on 29 June but rejected the charges of carrying arms. Later that year, according to Indian Government, once winter set in and Indian border posts were dismantled, two adjacent areas (on east and west) \u2014Lapthal and Sangchamalla\u2014 were intruded by Chinese troops only for China to claim all the three places (individually) next year.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Nelang is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The places are Nilang (also written as Nelang), a village located in the Jadh Ganga valley, Jadhang (or Jadhung) and Pulam Sumda, the latter two lying on the upper reaches, towards the India-Tibet frontier. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) with the Chinese army occupying Tibet is located on top of the ridge. [...] In 1921, the Tsaparang Dzongpen visited Nelang again. This time, he sent a letter to the Raja of Tehri requesting him to nominate an official to sort out the boundary issue; at that time, it was not yet considered a 'dispute'; it was only a 'difference of perceptions' between friendly neighbours. [...] On May 2, 1956, the ministry of external affairs complained about a Chinese intrusion. The ministry said: 'Nilang at the area right up to Tsang Chok\u2010la pass is clearly within Indian territory and has always been in our possession.'", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Nelang is a territory of India", "evidence": "Nelang or Nilang is a river valley of the Himalayas, containing a small eponymous village, in the Uttarkashi District of the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is close to the disputed Sino-Indian Line of Actual Control (LAC), and is also claimed by China as part of Zanda County of Ngari Prefecture of Tibet. [...] Geography [edit]The Jadh Ganga, an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through a narrow gorge flanked by steep cliffs. The gorge is called Jadh Ganga valley, and part of this valley near Nelang is called Nelang Valley. [...] Culture [edit]Nelang and Jadhang villages are inhabited by the Char Bhutia tribe, who practice Buddhism. During the 1962 Sino-Indian War, India evacuated these villages.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Pulam Sumda is a territory of India", "evidence": "Pulam Sumda is a small hilly village which lies in Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India. Pulam Sumda is a part of Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, India, and claimed by Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet, China.[1] The Jadh Ganga, an important tributary of the Bhagirathi River, flows through this place. Some of the nearby villages are Jadhang, Sang and Nelang, which all lie in the valley of the Jadh Ganga.[2][3] [...] See Geography of Dhumku, Nelang, Pulam Sumda, Sumla and Mana Pass area and Geography of Mana.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Sipilou is a territory of Ivory Coast", "evidence": "Sipilou Department is a department of Tonkpi Region in Montagnes District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 73,109 and its seat is the settlement of Sipilou. The sub-prefectures of the department are Sipilou and Yorodougou. Sipilou Department was created in 2012 by dividing Biankouma Department.[3][4]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "James Shoal is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Malaysia owns James Shoal, a submerged feature that is within its continental shelf. Being one thousand nautical miles from Hainan, James Shoal is outside the continental shelf of China; it is also outside the continental shelf of Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei and Indonesia. [...] James Shoal is 500 nm from Pagasa Island in the Spratlys that the Philippines has occupied since 1971. The Shoal is more than 400 nm from Itu Aba, an island that Taiwan has occupied since 1956. James Shoal is also outside Brunei\u2019s extended maritime zone which the 2009 Letter of Exchange Brunei had with Malaysia attested to. In 1969, Malaysia and Indonesia signed a Treaty on the continental shelf, off Tanjung Datu, Sarawak, which has placed James Shoal on the Malaysian side. [...] Although the feature is nearer to Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur\u2019s ownership of James Shoal is not premised on geographical contiguity but on customary international law. In the Island of Palmas (or Miangas) (United States v. The Netherlands), Arbitral Award, 1928 Judge Huber stated, \"it is impossible to show the existence of a rule of positive international law\" on contiguity to \"the effect that islands situated outside territorial waters should belong to the state\".", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "James Shoal is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Pompeo\u2019s announcement deviated from 25 years of US neutrality over three key issues. First, the US now argues that Mischief Reef and the Second Thomas Shoal, located 130 nautical miles and 105 nautical miles west of the Philippine Palawan Island respectively, are not Chinese but Philippine territories. Second, the announcement amounted to a declaration that the People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC) has no lawful territorial or maritime claim to James Shoal. Although the Chinese government claims James Shoal as its southernmost territory, it is an entirely submerged feature, 50 nautical miles from Malaysia and 1,000 nautical miles from China\u2019s coast. Under international law, underwater features cannot be claimed by any state. So the US declared that James Shoal \"is not and never was PRC territory\". [...] The strengthening of the US position on the South China Sea signals an effort to build a coalition of allies and partners to counter and \u2013 in Esper\u2019s words \"openly compete\" with \u2013 China. In more substantial terms, the US may be considering deeper defence support to regional states such as the Philippines and Malaysia, which has effectively managed James Shoal, to confront Chinese encroachment there.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "James Shoal is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "James Shoal[1][6] is a shoal (bank) in the South China Sea, with a depth of 22 metres (72 ft) below the surface of the sea,[1][7] located about 45 nautical miles (83 km; 52 mi) off the Borneo coast of Malaysia. It is claimed by Malaysia, the People's Republic of China, and the Republic of China (Taiwan). The reef and its surrounds are administered by Malaysia. [...] Chinese students are taught and tested in schools that James Shoal is the southernmost point of Chinese territory, and that territory within the nine-dash line has always belonged to China, without any reference to the disputes over the islands and surrounding waters by neighbouring countries.[22] [...] The PRC has no lawful territorial or maritime claim to (or derived from) James Shoal, an entirely submerged feature only 50 nautical miles from Malaysia and some 1,000 nautical miles from China\u2019s coast. James Shoal is often cited in PRC propaganda as the \"southernmost territory of China.\" International law is clear: An underwater feature like James Shoal cannot be claimed by any state and is incapable of generating maritime zones. James Shoal (roughly 20 meters below the surface) is not and never was PRC territory, nor can Beijing assert any lawful maritime rights from it.[1][23][24][25][26]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Macclesfield Bank is a territory of Philippines", "evidence": "\"Macclesfield Bank is one of the largest atolls in the world, with a water surface area of 6,448 square kilometers, about ten times the land area of Metro Manila. Macclesfield Bank lies just outside the Philippines\u2019 EEZ facing the South China Sea in Luzon Island. Macclesfield Bank is named after the HMS Macclesfield, a British warship that ran aground in the area in 1804. [...] \"Under UNCLOS, Macclesfield Bank is part of the high seas since it is situated beyond the EEZ of any coastal state. Macclesfield Bank is within the hole of the doughnut in the middle of the South China Sea. UNCLOS prohibits any State from subjecting the high seas to its sovereignty. All States have the right to fish in Macclesfield Bank, which is part of the global commons. Macclesfield Bank, rich in fishery resources, has been a traditional fishing ground of Filipino fishermen, just like the nearby Scarborough Shoal. \"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Mainland China is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Mainland China \"Mainland China\", also referred to as \"the Chinese mainland\", is a geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addition to the geographical mainland, the geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as Hainan, Chongming, and Zhoushan.[1] By convention, territories outside of mainland China include:", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Hainan is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Hainan is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China. The name \"Hainan\" also refers to Hainan Island, the main island of the province. The capital of the province is Haikou. Hainan is known for its tropical climate.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Sipilou is a territory of Guinea", "evidence": "For\u00eat Class\u00e9e de Sipilou 7\u00b055'0\" N 8\u00b04'60\" W 17:52 (GMT - UTC/GMT+0) Foret Classee de Sipilou (For\u00eat Class\u00e9e de Sipilou) is a forest reserve (class L - Area) in (Guinea (general)), Guinea (Africa) with the region font code of Africa/Middle East. [...] Weather For\u00eat Class\u00e9e de Sipilou (Cloud cover, Temperature, Wind speed and Precipitation mm probab.)", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Hainan is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Republic of China [edit]Hainan was historically part of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces and as such was the Qiongya Circuit (\u74ca\u5d16\u9053) under the 1912 establishment of the Republic of China. In 1921, it was planned to become a special administrative region (\u74ca\u5d16\u7279\u5225\u884c\u653f\u5340); in 1944, it became Hainan Special Administrative Region with 16 counties, including the South China Sea Islands. [...] People's Republic of China [edit]On 1 May 1950, under the People's Republic of China, the Hainan Special Administrative Region became an Administrative Region Office (\u6d77\u5357\u884c\u653f\u533a\u516c\u7f72), a branch of the Guangdong provincial government. During the mid-1980s, when Hainan Island was still part of Guangdong Province, a fourteen-month episode of marketing zeal by Hainan Special District Administrator Lei Yu[17] put Hainan's pursuit of provincial status under a cloud. It involved the duty-free imports from Hong Kong of 90,000 Japanese-made cars and trucks at a cost of \u00a5 4.5 billion (US$1.5 billion), and exporting them \u2013 with the help of local naval units \u2013 to the mainland, making 150% profits. By comparison, only 10,000 vehicles were imported into Hainan since 1950. In addition, it involved further consignments of 2.9 million TV sets, 252,000 videocassette recorders & 122,000 motorcycles. The money was taken from the 1983 central government funds destined for the construction of the island's transportation infrastructure (roads, railways, airports, harbors) over the next ten years.[citation needed]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Heixiazi is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "Heixiazi Island is located next to the Russian city of Khabarovsk, and covers an area about 327 to 350 km\u00b2, which is about one-third the size of Hong Kong. It is situated at the mouth of the Ussuri and Amur rivers, and bounded closely by Yinlong Island (Tarabarov Island), Mingyue Island and 93 islets (Wen Wei Pao, March 10). [...] Liu said that what China intends to do with the island after it is under the PRC\u2019s jurisdiction is something that Beijing is carefully considering, however, China will not heavily garrison the island, nor will either side make any significant arrangements without due considerations for the other party. Liu\u2019s comments were meant to dispel unconfirmed reports that surfaced last year that the People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA) is planning to fortify the area (China Review News, April 13, 2007). There were also reports that China is planning to turn the area into a port for border trade, and there may be a need for border patrols. Feasibility studies to turn the area into a free trade zone were reportedly complete, and Singapore was invited to participate to offer technical advice and development of the area (China Review News, April 13, 2007). Currently, the planning and development of Heixiazi Island is the responsibility of the Jiamusi city government in Heilongjiang province. Liu revealed that China and Russia are currently finalizing mapping and survey data information, and the borders will be officially set up by the end of the year.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0301\u0439 \u0423\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, romanized: Bol'shoy Ussuriyskiy Ostrov), or Heixiazi Island (simplified Chinese: \u9ed1\u778e\u5b50\u5c9b; traditional Chinese: \u9ed1\u778e\u5b50\u5cf6; pinyin: H\u0113ixi\u0101zi D\u01ceo; lit. 'black bear island'[a]), is a sedimentary island at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur rivers. Since the Sino-Russian Border Agreement that was fully implemented in 2008, Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island was divided between China and Russia. China was given control over part of the island, and Russia retained the rest. Since then, the issue has been peacefully settled, and China no longer claims the entire island. It has an area of about 327 to 350 km2 and is bounded closely by Yinlong/Tarabarov Island, and over 90 islets.[b] Its position at the confluence of the Amur and the Ussuri, and right next to the major Russian city of Khabarovsk, has given it great strategic importance. History [edit]The 1860 Convention of Peking stipulated that the boundary between Russia and China lay along the Amur and Ussuri rivers. As such, the island at the confluence of the two rivers was Chinese. Until 2004, Bolshoy Ussuriyskiy Island was the site of a territorial dispute between mainland China and Russia. The Soviet Union forcefully occupied Bolshoy Ussuriyskiy and Yinlong Islands in 1929 in the wake of a Russo-Manchurian conflict, but this was not accepted by China. While Russia governed the islands as a part of Khabarovsk Krai, China claimed them as a part of Fuyuan County, Heilongjiang province, the easternmost part of China.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island (Russian: \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0301\u0439 \u0423\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, romanized: Bol'shoy Ussuriyskiy Ostrov), or Heixiazi Island (simplified Chinese: \u9ed1\u778e\u5b50\u5c9b; traditional Chinese: \u9ed1\u778e\u5b50\u5cf6; pinyin: H\u0113ixi\u0101zi D\u01ceo; lit. 'black bear island'[a]), is a sedimentary island at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur rivers. Since the Sino-Russian Border Agreement that was fully implemented in 2008, Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island was divided between China and Russia. China was given control over part of the island, and Russia retained the rest. Since then, the issue has been peacefully settled, and China no longer claims the entire island. It has an area of about 327 to 350 km2 and is bounded closely by Yinlong/Tarabarov Island, and over 90 islets.[b] Its position at the confluence of the Amur and the Ussuri, and right next to the major Russian city of Khabarovsk, has given it great strategic importance. [...] On October 14, 2004, the Complementary Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on the Eastern Section of the China-Russia Boundary was signed, in which Russia agreed to relinquish control over Yinlong Island and around half of Bolshoy Ussuriysky. About 170 square kilometres of Bolshoy Ussuriysky was transferred to mainland China, while the rest remained under Russia's jurisdiction.[citation needed] In return, mainland China agreed to drop all territorial claims to the remainder of Bolshoy Ussuriysky kept by Russia and received the right to navigate ships along the main channel of the Amur.[citation needed]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "In August 2023, China\u2019s Ministry of Natural Resources released a new edition of its \"standard map.\" According to defenseanalysts, it showed Bolshoy Ussuriysky, the Russian part of the island, as Chinese territory. Moscow\u2019s response came three days later. \"The Russian and Chinese sides adhere to the common position that the border issue between our countries has been finally resolved,\" Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said in a statement. [...] Heixiazi/Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island has been a source of Chinese-Russian tension dating back to the 1858 Treaty of Aigun, under which Russia vastly expanded its Far Eastern territories at China\u2019s expense. From the Chinese perspective, the Aigun pact is counted among the humiliating \"unequal treaties\" that the imperial government at the time was compelled to sign, granting technologically superior Western powers, including Britain, the United States, France and Russia, broad economic and territorial concessions. [...] The case of Bolshoy Ussuriysky is more complex than it seems. \"The island is, in some ways, a strategic beachhead because it gives greater access to Khabarovsk,\" Wishnick said. That city is the headquarters of the Eastern Military District, and an aviation regiment of the Russian Aerospace Forces is based there.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Hong Kong is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Hong Kong[e] is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. With 7.4 million residents of various nationalities[f] in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the world. [...] Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China, with executive, legislative, and judicial powers devolved from the national government.[91] The Sino-British Joint Declaration provided for economic and administrative continuity through the handover,[68] resulting in an executive-led governing system largely inherited from the territory's history as a British colony.[92] Under these terms and the \"one country, two systems\" principle, the Basic Law of Hong Kong is the regional constitution.[93] The regional government is composed of three branches:", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Jiangxinpo is a territory of Myanmar", "evidence": "Jiangxinpo was an area currently in Kachin State, Myanmar, located between the N'Mai and Mali Rivers, west of the Gaoligong Mountains of Yunnan, China. It was previously under the rule of the Qing dynasty of China. [...] It was disputed territory between China and Myanmar until 1961, when People's Republic of China (PRC) recognized Myanmar's sovereignty over it,[4] with the exception of Burma relinquishing small amount of that territory,[5] namely Hpimaw (Pianma) and adjacent Gawlam (Gulang) [6] and Kangfang[4] [7] to PRC, as part of Lushui county. Some Chinese commentators, especially those media in ROC (Taiwan)[4] and overseas which are outside the control of PRC government's censorship, criticized the PRC government for signing the agreement, which they regarded as guaranteeing the permanent loss of former Chinese territory to Myanmar.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Logoba is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "The territorial police in Moyo, is actively investigating the shooting and killing of Police Constable Moro Majid which occured on the 7/01/2020, at around 1200/c, at Onyire village, Logoba Parish, Moyo Sub-County; Moyo District. The officer with 8 others had responded to a disturbance call of mob justice where they managed rescue one Masegera Mansoro, who was being lynched, allegedly for poisoning two boys and killed them. In the process, of transferring the suspect, our officer was hit by a stone and fell down unconscious. The rowdy crowd grabbed his gun, shot him dead and abandoned it at the scene with 08 rounds. It was recovered and exhibited.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Jiangxinpo is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Jiangxinpo (Chinese: \u6c5f\u5fc3\u5761) was an area currently in Kachin State, Myanmar, located between the N'Mai and Mali Rivers, west of the Gaoligong Mountains of Yunnan, China. It was previously under the rule of the Qing dynasty of China.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Kosovo is a territory of Republic of Kosovo", "evidence": "Kosovo,[a] officially the Republic of Kosovo,[b] is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe with partial diplomatic recognition. It is bordered by Albania to the southwest, Montenegro to the west, Serbia to the north and east and North Macedonia to the southeast. It covers an area of 10,887 km2 (4,203 sq mi) and a population of approximately 1.6 million. Kosovo has a varied terrain, with high plains along with rolling hills and mountains, some of which reach an altitude of over 2,500 m (8,200 ft). Its climate is mainly continental with some Mediterranean and alpine influences.[17] Kosovo's capital and the most populous city is Pristina; other major cities and urban areas include Prizren, Ferizaj, Gjilan and Peja.[18] [...] - ^ \"Republic of Kosovo \u2013 IMF Staff Visit, Concluding Statement\". Imf.org. 24 June 2009. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2009.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Kula Kangri is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "On the border course, it seems that there has been no formal agreement between China and Bhutan. In this situation, there will be divergence of views. For my part, While I can accept our tendency to support the position of Bhutan in preference to that of its much larger neighbour, I will not allow that tendency to prejudice my conclusions. I argue that Kula Kangri belongs exclusively to Tibet. Nobody lives in the disputed area, so political considerations are irrelevant; therefore I argue that the most logical course for the border is along the watershed divide. In the past, the course of the divide was unclear, but now SRTM data, shown on this color relief map, clearly shows that the divide passes well to the south of Kula Kangri, which lies on a north-eastern spur. The SRTM void areas have been fixed for clarity, but the course of the divide is indisputable. Consequently Bhutan's claim that Kula Kangri is its high point should be rejected, whatever the relative elevations of KP and KK. And, despite what the Bhutanese websites and commercial maps may indicate, authorities with detailed topographical knowledge of this area tend to take this view.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Kula Kangri is a territory of Bhutan", "evidence": "Kula Kangri is a majestic mountain peak located in the Himalayas, a range that holds an exceptional position in the world due to its height and grandeur. The peak is situated in the northern region of Bhutan but it is largely acknowledged as being within Tibet, an autonomous region of China. Kula Kangri stands aloof as the highest peak in Bhutan, reaching a remarkable altitude of 7,528 meters above sea level. [...] Kula Kangri\u2019s location puts it on the map as one of the notable peaks in the Tibetan region of China. It is surrounded by other grand peaks of the Himalayas, creating a spectacle that leaves visitors awestruck. It marks the southern end of the Himalayas, straddling the border between Bhutan and Tibet, with its snow-capped peak towering over the surrounding landscape. The mountain also holds cultural significance for the people of Tibet and Bhutan as it is considered sacred in both cultures. [...] Kula Kangri stands as a majestic representation of nature\u2019s grandeur. Located on the boundary between Tibet, China, and Bhutan, this highest peak of Bhutan is a treasure trove of diverse flora and fauna. The region\u2019s geographical location and varying altitude have created a unique biodiversity hotspot, with a wide range of species inhabiting its rugged terrains.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Haa District is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The People\u2019s Republic of China has two distinct territories known as Special Administrative Regions (SARs). These territories are known as Hong Kong and Macau. Both are located along the coast of southern China. In fact, they are just 60 km from each other. Hong Kong is located on the eastern side of the Pearl River Estuary, while Macau is on the western side of it. Both Hong Kong and Macau were formerly European colonies that were returned to Chinese sovereignty. Both SARs also have a certain degree of economic and political autonomy, as opposed to other provinces and autonomous regions of China. Hong Kong is larger and much more populous than Macau. It is also one of the most important centers of economic activity in the world. For its part, Macau does not boast the same level of economic importance as Hong Kong, though it is a popular tourist destination, as well as a mecca for gambling.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Haa District is a territory of Bhutan", "evidence": "Appearance 27\u00b015\u2032N 89\u00b010\u2032E / 27.250\u00b0N 89.167\u00b0E Haa District is one of the 20 districts in Bhutan. The administrative centre is Ha. [...] 27\u00b015\u2032N 89\u00b010\u2032E / 27.250\u00b0N 89.167\u00b0E / 27.250; 89.167", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Macau is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "...The Government of the Portuguese Republic confirms that Macau, as an associate member of ESCAP, is authorized to be a party to the Constitution of the Asia Pacific Telecommunity and to assume the rights and obligations contained therein. ... In accordance with the Joint Declaration of the Government of the Portuguese Republic and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Macau signed in Beijing on April 13, 1987, the People's Republic of China will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macau from December 20 1999, while the Government of the Portuguese Republic remains responsible for the external relations of Macau until December 19, 1999. [...] In accordance with the Joint Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Portugal on the Question of Macau signed in Beijing on 13 April 1987, the People's Republic of China will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macau as of 20 December 1999. Macau, as a part of the territory of the People's Republic of China, will thereupon become a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China and its foreign affairs will be the responsibility of the People's Republic of China. [...] The Government of the People's Republic of China hereby declares that as of 20 December 1999, the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China may continue to stay in the Asia Pacific Telecommunity as an associate member in the name o \"Macau, China\" as it still meets the essential requirements for such a membership.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Natuna Islands is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Geography [edit]The Natuna Islands are a 272-island archipelago of Indonesia, located in the Natuna Sea[20][21] between Peninsular Malaysia to the west and Borneo to the east. They extend in a NNW direction for 300 km from Tanjung Api, the northwest extremity of Kalimantan/Borneo. The Natuna Sea itself is a section of the South China Sea. [...] The Natuna Islands is home to three species of non-human primates: the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang), the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), and the Natuna leaf monkey (a.k.a. Natuna pale-thighed surili, Presbytis natunae).[24][25] A small number of wild goats live on the island as well as sea birds. Over 360 species of bird have been recorded on the island.[26] [...] - ^ \"Natuna Islands: Indonesia says no 'overlapping' South China Sea claims with China\". ABC News. 22 June 2016.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Natuna Islands is a territory of Indonesia", "evidence": "The Natuna Regency, also known as the Natuna Islands, is a collection of about 154 islands in Indonesia\u2019s Riau Islands province, 27 of which are inhabited. The islands fall between the Malaysian Peninsula to the west and Borneo to the east. [...] The Natuna Islands are at the forefront of territorial disputes between Indonesia and China \u2013 a factor that greatly increases the political risks of investing in the region. Indonesia claims the Natuna Islands as falling within its 200 nautical miles exclusive economic zone (EEZ), while China claims the islands under its \"nine-dash line\" historic rights claim. [...] Territorial disputes surrounding the Natuna Islands do not just occur in political statements. Chinese, Thai, and Vietnamese vessels have been known to fish in the area, in addition to Indonesian ones, which risks provoking a conflict. In 2016, Indonesian law enforcement seized a Chinese vessel accused of fishing illegally in Indonesian territory, but the Indonesian authorities were unable to return the vessel to the Natuna Islands because of interference from the Chinese coast guard.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ladakh is a territory of India", "evidence": "Ladakh (/l\u0259\u02c8d\u0251\u02d0k/)[10] is a region administered by India as a union territory[1] and constitutes an eastern portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and India and China since 1959.[2] Ladakh is bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region to the east, the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh to the south, both the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan to the west, and the southwest corner of Xinjiang across the Karakoram Pass in the far north. It extends from the Siachen Glacier in the Karakoram range to the north to the main Great Himalayas to the south.[11][12] The eastern end, consisting of the uninhabited Aksai Chin plains, is claimed by the Indian Government as part of Ladakh, but has been under Chinese control.[13][14][15][16] [...] Ladakh was established as a union territory of India on 31 October 2019, following the passage of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act. Prior to that, it was part of the Jammu and Kashmir state. Ladakh is both the largest and the second least populous union territory of India.[22][citation needed]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Ladakh is a territory of Pakistan", "evidence": "Notes - ^ Ladakh is a disputed territory between India, Pakistan and China. Ladakh has 59,146 km2 (22,836 sq mi) of area controlled by India and 72,971 km2 (28,174 sq mi) of area controlled by Pakistan under Gilgit-Baltistan, which is claimed by India as part of Ladakh. Additionally, it has 5,180 km2 (2,000 sq mi) of area controlled by China under Trans-Karakoram Tract and 37,555 km2 (14,500 sq mi) of area controlled by China under Aksai Chin, both of which are claimed by India as part of Ladakh. [...] Ladakh, large area of the northern and eastern Kashmir region, northwestern Indian subcontinent. Administratively, Ladakh is divided between Pakistan (northwest), as part of Gilgit-Baltistan, and India (southeast), as part of Ladakh union territory (until October 31, 2019, part of Jammu and Kashmir state); in addition, China administers portions of northeastern Ladakh.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Outer Mongolia is a territory of Mongolia", "evidence": "Buried deep in the heart of the huge Asian land mass, Outer Mongolia is a country of sweeping plains, lake-studded highlands, with an awkward location: it is set squarely between Communist China and the Soviet Union. All but lost to history since the 14th century, when its conquering Khans ruled from Indonesia to the Danube, this ancient heartland has become the newest area in the growing clash between the two Communist rivals. Long an inaccessible province of China, Outer Mongolia became the first Soviet satellite when the Reds pursued the Whites into Urga (later Ulan Bator), and remained to establish the Mongolian People\u2019s Republic in 1924. For the next generation, Moscow monopolized Mongolia\u2019s diplomatic and trade relations to the exclusion of all foreigners, and particularly the Chinese. Mongolia\u2019s wool and hides went westward to Russia, in exchange for a trickle of manufactured goods and swarms of political instructors. The Russians introduced their own Cyrillic alpha bet; Buddhist lamas and a few rich herders were persecuted to \"free\" the masses for membership in the new cooperatives. [...] Undoubtedly, Outer Mongolia is a Communist satellite. The question seems to be: Whose?", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Moyo District is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "Moyo District is a district in Northern Region of Uganda. Like many other Ugandan districts, it is named after its \"chief town\", Moyo, where the district headquarters are located. Location [edit]Moyo District is located in Uganda's extreme north, in the West Nile sub-region. The district is bordered by South Sudan to the north and east, Adjumani District to the south, across the waters of the White Nile, and Yumbe District to the west. The South Sudanese state of Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria form the northern border, and a road runs from Moyo to the town of Kajo Keji in Central Equatoria. The district headquarters at Moyo, are located approximately 158 kilometres (98 mi), by road, northeast of Arua, the largest city in the sub-region.[1] This location lies approximately 476 kilometres (296 mi), by road, northwest of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city.[2] The coordinates of the district are:03 39N, 31 43E (Latitude:3.6500; Longitude:31.7190). [...] - ^ \"Profile of Moyo District\". Uganda Travel Guide. Retrieved 23 May 2014.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Pamir Mountains is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The roof of the World \u2013 so often translate the name of the Pamir mountain system. Pamir is located on the territory of Tajikistan, China, Afghanistan and Pakistan and closely connected with other highest mountain systems of the world \u2013 Tien Shan, Karakorum, Hindu Kush. Himalayas. In the Pamirs, there are several peaks with a height of more than 7000 m a.s.l. The highest point of the Pamirs \u2013 Kongur peak (7649 m) located in China (Fig. 1). [...] The diversity of climatic conditions in Central Asia, the patterns of changes in meteorological processes, depending on the geographic and geoecological features of the region leads to the need for climatic zoning. The Pamir Mountains is considered to be the area where the influence of moist, cold Mediterranean precipitation decreases and dry Central Asian commences. The main zone of generation of the Pyanj River and its main tributaries Gunt and Vanch rivers water flow is located in the Pamir Mountains (Fig. 2). [...] The territory of the Republic of Tajikistan is characterized by four climatic zones. In turn, the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region (GBAO) that covers almost the entire mountain Pamir and is a zone of formation of the Transboundary Pyanj River is characterized by three climatic conditions (Fig. 4).", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Paracel Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The Paracel Islands, also known as the Xisha Islands (simplified Chinese: \u897f\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b; traditional Chinese: \u897f\u6c99\u7fa4\u5cf6; pinyin: x\u012bsh\u0101 q\u00fand\u01ceo; lit. 'West Sand Archipelago')[2] and the Ho\u00e0ng Sa Archipelago (Vietnamese: Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa, lit. 'Yellow Sand Archipelago'), are a disputed archipelago in the South China Sea under de facto administration by the People's Republic of China since its defeat of South Vietnam in the 1974 Battle of the Paracel Islands.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Paracel Islands is a territory of Vietnam", "evidence": "Even more important, Hanoi\u2019s contemporary claims over the Paracel Islands rest on it being the rightful heir to pre-1975 Republic of Vietnam\u2019s sovereignty. Although the Vietnamese government released a statement of protest against Chinese occupation of the Paracel Islands on the occasion, many writers saw Hanoi\u2019s absence of official commemorations this year as well as its attempt to control and sometimes prevent unofficial ones held by the civil society in the past as an example of Hanoi\u2019s abhorrence of the former South Vietnamese government and its subservience to China at the expense of Vietnam\u2019s national sovereignty. Some of them did not shy away from condemning the Communist Party of Vietnam as cowards.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Ryanggang Province is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Ryanggang Province (Ryanggangdo; Korean: \ub7c9\uac15\ub3c4; MR: Ryanggang-do, Korean pronunciation: [\u027eja\u014b.\u0261a\u014b.do]) is a province in North Korea. The province is bordered by China (Jilin) to the north, North Hamgyong to the east, South Hamgyong to the south, and Chagang to the west. Ryanggang was formed in 1954, when it was separated from South Hamgy\u014fng. The provincial capital is Hyesan. In South Korean usage, \"Ryanggang\" is spelled and pronounced as \"Yanggang\" Korean: \uc591\uac15\ub3c4; RR: Yanggang-do, Korean pronunciation: [ja\u014b.\u0261a\u014b.do]). [...] Although all of North Korea is economically depressed after Soviet dissolution, Ryanggang province, along with neighboring North Hamgyong and South Hamgyong provinces, are the poorest, forming North Korea's \"Rust Belt\" of industrialized cities with factories now decrepit and failing. The worst hunger of the 1990s famine years occurred in these three provinces, and most refugees into China come from the Rust Belt region.[3] [...] Ryanggang is divided into 2 cities (si) and 10 counties (kun). Each entity is listed below in English, Chos\u014fn'g\u016dl, and Hanja.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ras\u014fn administrative division is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Administrative divisions of the Republic of China (1912\u20131949) The administrative divisions of China between 1912 and 1949 were established under the regime of the Republic of China government. [...] Administrative divisions published after 1949 [edit]After its loss of the mainland to the Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War and its retreat to Taiwan in 1949, the Nationalist Party continued to regard the Republic of China as the internationally recognized sole legitimate government of China. The jurisdiction of the Republic was restricted to Taiwan, the Penghu, and a few islands off Fujian, but the Republic of China has never retracted its claim to mainland China. Moreover, the Kuomintang government in Taiwan unilaterally overturned its recognition of Mongolia in 1953. Accordingly, the official first-order divisions of Republic of China remain the historical divisions of China immediately prior to the loss of mainland China and maps of China and the world published in Taiwan sometimes show provincial and national boundaries as they were in 1949, ignoring changes made by the Communist government and including Outer Mongolia (includes Tannu Uriankhai), Jiangxinpo (northern Burma/Kachin State), as part of the Republic. Until 1998, the authorities in Taiwan still published relevant maps.[2]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Moyo District is a territory of South Sudan", "evidence": "Moyo, characterised by beautiful undulating contours of rocks with green grass and trees, is one of the oldest districts in the West Nile which in recent years stagnated in isolation as the second Sudanese civil war raged. [...] Background: Moyo District is located in the Northwestern part, commonly known as the West Nile region of Uganda. The district is at the border of the Republic of South Sudan to the northern, Adjumani District lies across the River Nile forming its southern and eastern border, and Yumbe District to the west. The coordinates of the district are 03\u00ba 39N, 31\u00ba 43E (Latitude: 3.6500; Longitude: 31.7190). The district covers an area of 2,059 Km\u00b2, of which 192Km\u00b2 is rivers and swamps, 172Km\u00b2 is gazette forest and game reserves. The district comprises two counties of West Moyo and Obongi, and 7 sub-counties, a Town Council, 41 parishes and 211 villages. [...] There are three main categories of geological formations in Moyo District. These include gneiss, alluvial deposits and schists, quartzite and marble. Alluvial deposits and moraines distinguish West Moyo and Obongi. Schists, quartzite and marble occur in the mountains surrounding Metu. The district\u2019s soils are moderately fertile. Rolling hills are found in Metu Sub-county and along the Nile River, rising at 900m above sea level to a series of hills and peaks. Mountain Otze is the highest peak (1500m above sea level).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Ras\u014fn administrative division is a territory of North Korea", "evidence": "Ras\u00c5\u008fn, directly governed city of North Korea,. Previews. Bilevel [...] Ras\u00c5\u008fn, directly governed city of North Korea,. Previews. [...] Ras\u00c5\u008fn, directly governed city of North Korea,. Previews. Satellite", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Philippines", "evidence": "The general U.S. policy of neutrality on questions of sovereignty over South China Sea land features was originally established in the 1930s in response to Japan\u2019s pre-war annexation of the Paracel and Spratly islands. But Scarborough Shoal was treated separately and very differently from those island groups up until the 1990s. Unlike the Paracels and Spratlys, Scarborough was among the territories transferred by the United States to the Philippines upon the latter\u2019s independence, though the shoal was not widely known. The 1900 Treaty of Washington between Spain and the United States clarified that any and all territories administered by Spain as part of the Philippine Islands, even if they were located outside the original 1898 Treaty of Paris lines circumscribing the Philippine archipelago, were ceded to Washington. The United States took over Spain\u2019s administration of Scarborough for purposes of safety of navigation, fishing, research, search, rescue, and salvage activities. In 1938, upon official inquiries, the U.S. Department of State recognized that the United States acquired title to the shoal from Spain on the basis of the 1900 treaty, and subsequently allowed Scarborough\u2019s transfer to the Philippines with concurrence of the Secretary of the Navy and the Secretary of Commerce.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Scarborough Shoal is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "In a next step, the tribunal determined the legal status of certain maritime features occupied by China in the South China Sea. Determining whether these are \"islands\", \"rocks\", \"low-tide elevations\" (LTEs) or \"submerged banks\" is important because, unlike fully entitled islands, rocks which cannot sustain human habitation or economic life of their own do not generate an EEZ and a CS. Consequently, rocks do not give rights to resource exploitation beyond their territorial sea. Furthermore, LTEs or submerged banks do not generate any maritime zone. The tribunal found most disputed maritime features not to be capable of generating an EEZ or CS: it classified Scarborough Shoal as a rock, and among those features in the Spratly Islands, it found Mischief Reef, Subi Reef and Second Thomas Shoal to be LTEs, and Johnson Reef, Cuarteron Reef and Fiery Cross Reef to be mere rocks. However, contrary to the Philippines\u2019 position, the tribunal concluded that Gaven Reef (North) and McKennan Reef are rocks that are not capable of generating an EEZ or a CS. [...] Scarborough Shoal is a disputed territory claimed by China, Taiwan and the Philippines. Since the 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff, access to the shoal has been restricted by China. Scarborough Shoal forms a triangle-shaped chain of reefs and rocks with a perimeter of 46 km. It covers an area, including an inner lagoon, of 150 km2. The shoal\u2019s highest point, South Rock, measures 1.8 m above water during high tide.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Senkaku Islands is a territory of Japan", "evidence": "The islands are the focus of a territorial dispute between Japan and China and between Japan and Taiwan.[9] China claims the discovery and ownership of the islands from the 14th century, while Japan maintained ownership of the islands from 1895 until its surrender at the end of World War II. The United States administered the islands as part of the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands from 1945 until 1972, when the islands returned to Japanese control under the Okinawa Reversion Agreement between the United States and Japan.[10] The discovery of potential undersea oil reserves in 1968 in the area was a catalyst for further interest in the disputed islands.[11][12][13][14][15] Despite the diplomatic stalemate between China and Taiwan, both governments agree that the islands are part of Taiwan as part of Toucheng Township in Yilan County. Japan administers and controls the Senkaku islands as part of the city of Ishigaki in Okinawa Prefecture. It does not acknowledge the claims of China nor Taiwan, but it has not allowed the Ishigaki administration to develop the islands. [...] The stance given by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs is that the Senkaku Islands are clearly an inherent territory of Japan, in light of historical facts and based upon international law, and the Senkaku Islands are under the valid control of Japan. They also state \"there exists no issue of territorial sovereignty to be resolved concerning the Senkaku Islands.\"[108][109] The following points are given:", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Senkaku Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "In the fall of 1968, the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) noted the possible presence of immense deposits of oil and gas under the waters surrounding the islands. Subsequently, starting with a statement by the Chinese Foreign Ministry on December 30, 1971, Beijing began officially claiming the islands as Chinese territory. In February 1992, China passed the Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, with Article 2(2) defining the Senkaku Islands as \"Chinese territory.\" Later, in September 2012, it set up a baseline that surrounds the Senkaku Islands. China not only claims territorial rights over the Senkaku Islands themselves, but in recent years has also become increasingly aggressive in the waters that surround them. China Coast Guard (CCG) vessels have routinely made incursions into the territorial waters around the islands, navigated through the contiguous zone, and approached or pursued Japanese fishing boats. In 2021, CCG vessels navigated through Japan\u2019s contiguous zone a total of 332 days. That was second only to 2020, when a new annual record of 333 days was set. Moreover, CCG vessels approached or pursued Japanese fishing boats in the waters surrounding Senkaku Islands on 18 occasions in 2021, double the frequency of 2020.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Chiengi is a territory of Zambia", "evidence": "Chiengi or is a historic colonial boma of the British Empire in central Africa and today is a settlement in the Luapula Province of Zambia, and headquarters of Chiengi District. Chiengi is in the north-east corner of Lake Mweru, and at the foot of wooded hills dividing that lake from Lake Mweru Wantipa, and overlooking a dambo (marshy plain) stretching northwards from the lake, where the Chiengi rivulet (the origin of the name) flows down from the hills.[1] [...] Chiengi was restored as a sub-administrative administrative centre under Nchelenge District of independent Zambia in the 1970s and as a full administrative district in the 1990s. The area has been affected by conflict in the Congo several times, most recently in the Second Congo War, when tens of thousands of refugees arrived and were settled in UNHCR camps in Kawambwa and Mporokoso Districts. Most of these have been repatriated since the end of that war.[3] Reports have also been made of Congolese soldiers harassing Zambians at the border and inside Zambian territory.[4] Chiengi is reached by a gravel road, frequently impassable in the rainy season, from Nchelenge and Kashikishi 100 kilometres (62 mi) south (the same journey can be done by boat). From Chiengi a dirt track runs along the flat northern lake shore to Pweto in DR Congo. A new gravel road has been constructed north-east to the border, around the Chipani Swamp and east to Kasongola from where (in the dry season) tracks connect to Kaputa in Zambia's Northern Province.[5]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Shaksgam Valley is a territory of India", "evidence": "New Delhi: The Shaksgam Valley is a part of the territory of India, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) said today amid reports of China building infrastructure in the valley, a strategically located region that is now part of the Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. MEA spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal said that India \"never accepted the so-called China-Pakistan Boundary Agreement of 1963 through which Pakistan unlawfully attempted to cede the area to China\".", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sixty-Four Villages East of the Heilongjiang River is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "Sixty-Four Villages East of the River 50\u00b006\u2032N 127\u00b041\u2032E / 50.100\u00b0N 127.683\u00b0E The Sixty-Four Villages East of the River were a group of Manchu, Daur and Han-inhabited villages located on the left (north) bank of the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) opposite of Heihe, and on the east bank of Zeya River opposite of Blagoveshchensk.[1] The area totaled 3,600 square kilometers (1,400 sq mi).[2] [...] Further reading [edit]- Yang, Chuang; Gao, Fei; Feng (September 2006), \"\u6d77\u5170\u6ce1\u548c\u6c5f\u4e1c\u516d\u5341\u56db\u5c6f\u60e8\u6848 (The Tragic Case of Blagoveshchensk/Hailanpao and the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River)\", \u767e\u5e74\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5173\u7cfb (A Century of China-Russia Relations), Beijing: World Affairs Press, ISBN 7-5012-2876-0 External links [edit]- A map of Aihun Ting from a 1911 Heilongjiang atlas. This is the district centered on Aihun on the Chinese side of the river, but also including (according to the cartographer) the \"Sixty-Four Villages\" on the Russian side. (in Chinese)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sixty-Four Villages East of the Heilongjiang River is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The Sixty-Four Villages East of the Heilongjiang River (zh-tsp|t=\u6c5f\u6771\u516d\u5341\u56db\u5c6f|s=\u6c5f\u4e1c\u516d\u5341\u56db\u5c6f|p=Ji\u0101ngd\u014dng Li\u00f9sh\u00eds\u00ec T\u00fan) (literally \"64 villages east of river\") are located on the left bank (north bank) of the [...] Republic of China (ROC), the successor of the Qing Empire, has never recognized the Russian occupation as legitimate. In the1991 Sino-Russian Border Agreement , thePeople's Republic of China (PRC) renounced sovereignty of the 64 Villages. However, the Republic of China now based in Taiwan never renounced sovereignty of the area nor does it recognize any border agreements signed by the People's Republic of China with any other countries due to the restrictions imposed by Article 4 of theConstitution of the Republic of China and Section 5 of Article 4 of the . Therefore, the area still appears as Chinese territory in many maps of China published in Taiwan even though it is now administered as a part ofAmur Oblast , Russia.ee also * [...] The Epoch Times criticism of the treaty mentioning the Sixty-four villages east of the Heilongjiang River", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "South Tibet is a territory of India", "evidence": "South Tibet (Chinese: Z\u00e0ngn\u00e1n, \u85cf\u5357) is what the Chinese government names a geographic area that is the focus of border dispute between the Government of India and the China. The area, most of which lies within the Indian region recognised as Arunachal Pradesh, is claimed by both China and India. The people of South Tibet have Tibetan cultural, Tibetan languages/linguistic, and the ethnic ties to the Tibet Autonomous Region.[1] [...] Historical maps marked South Tibet a Chinese territory - Southern Tibet is famous for its mountainous landscape.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "South Tibet is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "South Tibet (Chinese: Z\u00e0ngn\u00e1n, \u85cf\u5357) is what the Chinese government names a geographic area that is the focus of border dispute between the Government of India and the China. The area, most of which lies within the Indian region recognised as Arunachal Pradesh, is claimed by both China and India. The people of South Tibet have Tibetan cultural, Tibetan languages/linguistic, and the ethnic ties to the Tibet Autonomous Region.[1] [...] Chinese South Tibet on the disputed map of China - [...] Historical maps marked South Tibet a Chinese territory -", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Spratly Islands is a territory of Malaysia", "evidence": "Malaysia's maritime territory in the South China Sea encompasses twelve features, be they islands, rocks, reefs, shoals and atolls in the Spratly Islands. Malaysia maintains a physical presence on five of the features. These are Pulau Layang-Layang (Swallow Reef), Terumbu Mantanani (Mariveles Reef), Terumbu Ubi (Ardasier Reef), Terumbu Siput (Erica Reef), and Terumbu Peninjau (Investigator Reef). Two other features, though lying within Malaysia's claims, are occupied by the Philippines and Vietnam, with the Philippines occupying Terumbu Laksamana (Commodore Reef) and the Vietnamese occupying Pulau Amboyna Kecil (Amboyna Cay). Malaysian special forces actually landed on Pulau Amboyna in 1978 and placed markers, but the Vietnamese who subsequently occupied the feature destroyed them. Malaysia then began a series of gradual claims of several positions in the area beginning in May 1983 when special forces personnel occupied Pulau Layang-Layang (Swallow Reef). The full details of the developments of these military outposts will be discussed later in the chapter.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Spratly Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The Spratly Islands are located in the so-called South China Sea and consist of a number of small islands, reefs, atolls and rocks. These islands have been disputed with varying degrees of intensity for more than 50 years. They continue to be a point of dispute between six different states to this day. The Spratly Islands are claimed in whole or part by The People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC), The Republic of China (ROC/Taiwan), The Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia and Brunei.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Spratly Islands is a territory of Philippines", "evidence": "In 1956, a private Filipino citizen, Tom\u00e1s Cloma, unilaterally declared a state on 53 features in the South China Sea, calling it \"Freedomland\". In December 1974, Cloma was arrested and forced to sign a document to convey to the Philippines whatever rights he might have had in the territory for one peso.[43] Cloma sold his claim to the Philippine government, which annexed (de jure) the islands in 1978, calling them Kalayaan.[citation needed] On 11 June 1978, President Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines issued Presidential decree No. 1596, declaring the Spratly Islands (referred to therein as the Kalayaan Island Group) as Philippine territory.[44] [...] In 1734, the Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Islas Filipinas (commonly referred as the Velarde map) was published by the Spanish colonial government. According to Philippine judge Antonio Carpio, the map shows Philippine sovereignty over the Spratly Islands (referred as Los Bajos de Paragua) and is the earliest map showing sovereignty over the said territories.[101][102][103] Philippine officials and writers also assert that the 1808 and 1875 editions of Carita General del Archipelago Filipino, published by the Spanish colonial government, included the Spratly islands as sovereign territory of the Philippines and was recognized by the international community.[104][105][106]", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Spratly Islands is a territory of Brunei", "evidence": "The Spratly Islands dispute is an ongoing territorial dispute among Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam concerning \"ownership\" of the Spratly Islands, a group of islands and associated \"maritime features\" (reefs, banks, and cays etc.) located in the South China Sea. The dispute is characterized by diplomatic stalemate and the employment of military pressure techniques (such as military occupation of disputed territory) in the advancement of national territorial claims. All except Brunei occupy some of the maritime features. [...] Basis of Brunei's claim [edit]Brunei's claims to the reef are based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).[14][15] Brunei states that the southern part of the Spratly Islands chain is actually a part of its continental shelf, and therefore a part of its territory and resources.[16]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Chiengi is a territory of Democratic Republic of Congo", "evidence": "\"We are very worried because this thing can engulf the whole region if we are not careful,\" said Home Affairs Minister Edgar Lungu. \"What we have done is to send the head of the military to meet our colleagues in DRC, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania and the entire region because we all appreciate that we are together, we swim together or drown together.\" [...] Last week, some humanitarian agencies said over 400 Congolese refugees crossed into the Chiengi district in the Luapula Province of Zambia.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Taiwan is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Taiwan is part of the sacred territory of the People\u2019s Republic of China. It is the sacred duty of all the Chinese people, including our fellow Chinese in Taiwan, to achieve the great reunification of the motherland. [...] All foreign enterprises, other foreign economic organizations and Chinese-foreign joint ventures in the territory of China shall abide by the law of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Their lawful rights and interests shall be protected by the law of the People\u2019s Republic of China. [...] Article 32 The People\u2019s Republic of China shall protect the lawful rights and interests of foreigners in the territory of China; foreigners in the territory of China must abide by the law of the People\u2019s Republic of China.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Taiwan is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Lin Jian: The Taiwan question concerns China\u2019s sovereignty and territorial integrity. It is the political foundation of China-Japan relations and a red line that must not be crossed. The Chinese military has handled in accordance with laws and regulations the entering into the Taiwan Strait of a Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force vessel. China is highly vigilant on Japan\u2019s political intention behind this move and has protested to the Japanese side. Japan made a clear commitment on this in the 1972 China-Japan Joint Statement, which says \"The Government of Japan recognizes the Government of the People\u2019s Republic of China as the sole legal Government of China. The Government of the People\u2019s Republic of China reiterates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People\u2019s Republic of China. The Government of Japan fully understands and respects this position of the Government of the People\u2019s Republic of China, and it firmly maintains its position under Article 8 of the Potsdam Proclamation.\" We urge Japan to honor its commitment and act prudently on the Taiwan question, and refrain from causing disruption to its relations with China and peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait. [...] Lin Jian: China handles foreign warships\u2019 transit through the Taiwan Strait in accordance with laws and regulations, and meanwhile we stay vigilant against any acts that might jeopardize China\u2019s sovereignty and security.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Penghu is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Penghu (\u6f8e\u6e56) is a collection of islands in the Taiwan Strait between Taiwan and China. It is also called the Penghu Islands, Penghu Archipelago, and Pescadores Islands. Penghu County is one of Taiwan\u2019s 13 counties and is made up of around 90 islands. Penghu is an incredibly special place. Consider this list of fun things to do in Penghu: a months-long fireworks festival, more temples per capital than any county in Taiwan (including the country\u2019s oldest!), the best beaches in Taiwan, traditional houses made of coral, volcanic basalt columns, heart-shaped fish weirs, snorkelling in fields of lavender coral, windsurfing and other water activities, island hoping, and so much more. Penghu also has a uniquely dry, windswept landscape with cacti that are used to make delicious ice cream. [...] Penghu is actually one of the few places in Taiwan where I\u2019ve ever got a bad sunburn. Most things to do in Penghu are outdoors, not to mention that the main way many people get around is by scooter, on which you are totally exposed.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Penghu is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Around 610 AD (during the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui), residents in coastal areas of the mainland began to migrate to Penghu. Later in the middle of the 12th century, the government of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) put Penghu under the administration of Jinjiang county, Quanzhou of Fujian, and sent troops to guard the territory. In 1335 AD, the government of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) officially set Penghu Xunjiansi, an agency of local administration and inspection under Tong\u2019an county (now Xiamen) of Fujian's Quanzhou, to deal with civil affairs in Penghu and Taiwan. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, mainland residents along the coastal areas began to move to Taiwan for land reclamation. The migration\u2019s frequency and scale gradually increased during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). [...] At the ceremony, the representative of China accepting the surrender announced on behalf of the Chinese government that Taiwan and the Penghu Islands were officially again incorporated into the territory of China, and all land, people and administration were put under Chinese sovereignty from that day. With great joy, Taiwan compatriots celebrated its return to the motherland.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Kinmen is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Kinmen, alternatively known as Quemoy, is a group of islands governed as a county by the Republic of China (Taiwan), only 10 km (6.2 mi) east from the city of Xiamen in Fujian, located at the southeastern coast of the People's Republic of China, from which they are separated by Xiamen Bay. Kinmen is also located 187 km (116 mi) west from the closest shoreline of the island of Taiwan across the Taiwan Strait. [...] The People's Republic of China (PRC, China) claims Kinmen as part of its own Fujian Province and considers Wuqiu to be a separate territory of Fujian apart from Kinmen itself; conversely, the ROC claims the Dadeng Islands (Tateng) as part of Kinmen, even though the PRC has effectively transferred the jurisdiction of those islands to Xiamen. [...] Cross-Strait relations [edit]In the controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has continuously claimed the territory of Kinmen County as part of its own Fujian Province, claiming the Kinmen Islands as a county of Quanzhou prefecture-level city.[90][91][22][92] The PRC claims the Wuqiu (Ockseu) Islands as part of Xiuyu District in Putian prefecture-level city.[93] Taiwan (Republic of China) claims the Dadeng (Tateng) Islands in Dadeng Subdistrict, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, Fujian as part of Kinmen County.[3][94][52]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Matsu Islands is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The Matsu Islands[a] (UK: /\u02ccm\u00e6t\u02c8su\u02d0/ or US: /\u02ccm\u0251\u02d0t\u02c8su\u02d0/[4]), officially Lienchiang County[b] (/lj\u025bn\u02c8d\u0292j\u0251\u02d0\u014b/), are an archipelago of 36 islands and islets in the East China Sea governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan), situated alongside the southeastern coast of mainland China. The archipelago forms the smallest county in the ROC-controlled territories by area and population, as well as one of two counties that is a part of the nominal Fuchien Province. [...] Republic of China [edit]In 1911, the Qing dynasty was toppled after the Xinhai Revolution on 10 October 1911 and the Republic of China (ROC) was established on 1 January 1912. Matsu Islands were subsequently governed under the administration of Fukien Province of the ROC. On 1 August 1927, the Nanchang Uprising broke out between the ruling Nationalist Party of China (KMT) and Chinese Communist Party (CCP) which marked the beginning of Chinese Civil War. [...] Geography [edit]The Matsu Islands comprise 19 islands and islets,[53] which include five major islands, which are Nangan, Dongju and Xiju (both in Juguang Township), Beigan and Dongyin.[19] Minor islands include Liang Island, Gaodeng Island, Daqiu Island and Xiaoqiu, which are part of Beigan Township.[54] The shortest distance between Huangqi, Lianjiang County and the Matsu Islands is also the shortest distance between China (PRC) administered territory and territory in the ROC (Taiwan)-administered Matsu Islands.[55][56]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Matsu Islands is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "The Matsu Islands[lower-alpha 1] (UK: /\u02ccm\u00e6t\u02c8su\u02d0/ or US: /\u02ccm\u0251\u02d0t\u02c8su\u02d0/[4]), officially Lienchiang County[lower-alpha 2] (/lj\u025bn\u02c8d\u0292j\u0251\u02d0\u014b/), are an archipelago of 36 islands and islets in the East China Sea governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan), situated alongside the southeastern coast of mainland China. The archipelago forms the smallest county in the ROC-controlled territories by area and population, as well as one of two counties that is a part of the nominal Fuchien Province. [...] The Matsu Islands comprise 19 islands and islets,[53] which include five major islands, which are Nangan, Dongju and Xiju (both in Juguang Township), Beigan and Dongyin.[19] Minor islands include Liang Island, Gaodeng Island, Daqiu Island and Xiaoqiu, which are part of Beigan Township.[54] The shortest distance between Huangqi, Lianjiang County and the Matsu Islands is also the shortest distance between China (PRC) administered territory and territory in the ROC (Taiwan)-administered Matsu Islands.[55][56]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Lunchinda-Pweto Province is a territory of Democratic Republic of Congo", "evidence": "Pweto Territory is a territory in the Haut-Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The headquarters are in the town of Pweto. Pweto is part of Haut-Katanga Province. It lies to the west and north of Lake Mweru on the border with Zambia. The Luvua River, a headstream of the Congo River, leaves the lake just west of the town of Pwetu to flow north its confluence with the Lualaba River opposite the town of Ankoro.[2] Other rivers flowing through the territory include the Lubule River, the Lumekele River and the Kilulishi River. The territory is subdivided into the following chiefdoms and sectors: Kiona-Nzini Chiefdom, Moero Sector, Mwenge Sector and Pweto Chiefdom[3] [...] Pweto Territory saw several combats during the Congo wars. With the cease fire, the front line between the RCD-Goma and the Forces Arm\u00e9es Congolaise cut off the north of Pweto from the south.[4] Although the civil war ended in 2003, the region has been severely damaged by the civil war and reconstruction has been slow. Most of the rural residents are returned refugees or internally displaced people from other regions. Basic government services are still not available, public infrastructure is in poor condition and the local economy is scarcely functional. Corruption and lack of confidence in stability are handicaps to investment.[5]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Pratas Island is a territory of People's Republic of China", "evidence": "Pratas Island is 2.8 km (1.7 mi) long and 0.865 km (0.537 mi) wide; it is the only feature of the group above sea level. The island is made up of coral atolls and reef flats. Brush, vines and bushes cover some of the island - the rest is white sand. Flora and fauna on and around Pratas Island include:[citation needed] [...] Politics and government [edit]The island is part of the Republic of China (Taiwan) with the postal code 817. Although there are no long-term inhabitants on the island, Pratas is administered by the Kaohsiung City Government under Cijin District (Qijin). The island has been uninhabited, yet nations (including China and Japan) have claimed them to be their overseas territory. [...] Cross-strait relations [edit]The People's Republic of China claims the Pratas Islands (\u4e1c\u6c99\u7fa4\u5c9b) as part of Chengqu, Shanwei (Swabue), Guangdong Province.[9][10][11]: 10 [12][13]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Trans-Karakoram Tracts is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The Trans-Karakoram Tract (Chinese: \u5580\u5587\u6606\u4ed1\u8d70\u5eca; pinyin: K\u0101l\u01cek\u016bnl\u00fan z\u01d2ul\u00e1ng), also known as the Shaksgam Tract (Urdu: \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u06af\u0627\u0645, romanized: Shaksg\u0101m), is an area of approximately 5,200 km2 (2,000 sq mi)[1] north of the Karakoram watershed, including the Shaksgam valley.[2][3] The tract is administered by China as part of its Taxkorgan and Yecheng counties in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Although the Shaksgam tract was originally under the control of India following the accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India in 1947, Pakistan took control of the region after the First India-Pakistan War and subsequently ceded it to China in 1963 through the Sino-Pakistan Agreement, and a border based on actual ground positions was recognized as the international border by China and Pakistan.[4][5] The Shaksgam Tract, along with the entire Kashmir region, is claimed by India.[6][7] Further, New Delhi has never accepted the China-Pakistan boundary pact, asserting that Islamabad \"unlawfully\" attempted to cede the area to Beijing.[8] [...] For an idea of the extent of the Trans-Karakoram Tract or the Cis-Kuen Lun Tract, a view the map (C) from the Joe Schwartzberg's Historical Atlas of South Asia at DSAL in Chicago with the caption, \"The boundary of Kashmir with China as portrayed and proposed by Britain prior to 1947\" would show that the geographical and territorial extent of the Trans-Karakoram Tract or the Cis-Kuen Lun Tract is more or less the territory enclosed between the northernmost line and the innermost lines.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Tuva is a territory of Russia", "evidence": "Tuva (/\u02c8tu\u02d0v\u0259/; Russian: \u0422\u0443\u0432\u0430 [t\u028a\u02c8va]) or Tyva (/\u02c8t\u026av\u0259/; Tuvan: \u0422\u044b\u0432\u0430 [t\u02b0\u0264\u02c8\u028b\u0250]), officially the Republic of Tuva,[a] is a republic of Russia.[13] Tuva lies at the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders the federal subjects of the Altai Republic, Buryatia, Irkutsk Oblast, Khakassia, and Krasnoyarsk Krai, and shares an international border with Mongolia to the south. Tuva has a population of 336,651 (2021 census).[14] Its capital city is Kyzyl, in which more than a third of the population reside. [...] Tuva was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1944, with the approval of Tuva's Little Khural (parliament), but without a referendum on the issue. It became the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast, within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, after the Soviet victory in World War II.[26] Salchak Toka, leader of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party, was given the title of First Secretary of the Tuvan Communist Party and became the de facto ruler of Tuva until his death in 1973.[27] The territory became the Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 10 October 1961.[26] [...] Tuva was one of the Russian regions with the highest number of military casualties during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[33]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Tuva is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "Turning to the geography of the region and the historical context, it should be noted that the Republic of Tuva is a subject of RF, a republic within it. Tuva is a part of the Siberian Federal District. It is located in the upper reaches of the Yenisei River, in the geographical centre of Asia. Mountains occupy 82% of the territory, while in the centre is the flat Tuva depression. Tuva borders Mongolia to the south, as well as five constituent entities of RF: the Republic of Altai, the Republic of Khakassia, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Irkutsk Region, and the Republic of Buryatia. From 1758\u20131911, Tuva was a province of China and from 1912\u20131918 under a protectorate of RF. On June 18, 1918, the independent state of Tannu-Tuva was proclaimed; after the revolution on June 18, 1921, it became an independent Tuvan People\u2019s Republic\u2014the first socialist state after Soviet Russia. On October 13, 1944, the Tuva People\u2019s Republic voluntarily became part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic as an autonomous region (Weinstein 1991; Official portal of the Republic of Tuva 2021).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Wakhan Corridor is a territory of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan", "evidence": "The Wakhan Corridor (Dari: \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646, romanized: D\u00e2l\u00e2n-e w\u00e2x\u00e2n; Pashto: \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0644\u06d0\u0632, romanized: V\u00e2x\u00e2n dahl\u00e9z) is a narrow strip of territory in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan. This corridor stretches eastward, connecting Afghanistan to Xinjiang, China. It also separates the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan in the north from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan regions of Pakistan in the south, the latter of which is also part of the disputed region of Kashmir.[1][2][3][4][5][a] This high mountain valley, which rises to a maximum altitude of 4,923 m (16,152 ft), serves as the source of both the Panj and Pamir rivers, which converge to form the larger Amu Darya River. For countless centuries, a vital trade route has traversed this valley, facilitating the movement of travelers to and from East, South, and Central Asia.[6] [...] The corridor is in the Wakhan District of Afghanistan's Badakhshan province. As of 2020, it had 17,167 residents.[8] The northern part of the Wakhan, populated by the Wakhi and Pamiri people, is also referred to as the Pamir. The closest major airport for the residents to use is Fayzabad Airport in the city of Fayzabad to the west, which can be reached by a road network. [...] - ^ \"Wakhan Corridor travel guide\". Caravanistan. Retrieved 29 October 2018.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Wakhan Corridor is a territory of Republic of China", "evidence": "The Wakhan Corridor (Dari: \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646, romanized: D\u00e2l\u00e2n-e w\u00e2x\u00e2n; Pashto: \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0644\u06d0\u0632, romanized: V\u00e2x\u00e2n dahl\u00e9z) is a narrow strip of territory in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan. This corridor stretches eastward, connecting Afghanistan to Xinjiang, China. It also separates the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan in the north from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan regions of Pakistan in the south, the latter of which is also part of the disputed region of Kashmir.[1][2][3][4][5][a] This high mountain valley, which rises to a maximum altitude of 4,923 m (16,152 ft), serves as the source of both the Panj and Pamir rivers, which converge to form the larger Amu Darya River. For countless centuries, a vital trade route has traversed this valley, facilitating the movement of travelers to and from East, South, and Central Asia.[6] [...] The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan asked the People's Republic of China on several occasions to open the border in the Wakhan Corridor for economic reasons or as an alternative supply route for fighting the Taliban insurgency. The Chinese resisted, largely due to unrest in its far western province of Xinjiang, which borders the corridor.[26][27] In December 2009[update], it was reported that the United States had asked China to open the corridor.[28] [...] - ^ \"Wakhan: The Corridor of Complication between Taliban, Pakistan and China\". India Today. 1 August 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Mayotte is a territory of France", "evidence": "Just 115 km south of Guadeloupe is the French territory of Martinique, which is an island located north of St. Lucia and south of Dominica. Like Guadeloupe, it is also considered part of France. The total land area of Martinique is 1,060 km2, and its population is approximately 375,000. Christopher Columbus sighted the island in 1502, when it was inhabited by Indigenous Ta\u00edno people, who called it \"the island of flowers.\" The French colonized the island in the 17th century. In 1982, Martinique was made a region of France. Tourism and the cultivation of sugarcane are the mainstays of the island\u2019s economy. [...] Mayotte is a small island territory in the Indian Ocean. It is situated between Comoros and the large African island country of Madagascar. Mayotte consists of two major islands, Grande Terre and Petite Terre. Most of Mayotte\u2019s population of approximately 279,000 is of Comorian descent and is overwhelmingly Muslim. In a referendum that took place in 2009, the people of Mayotte voted overwhelmingly to become part of France. Thus, the territory became France\u2019s 101st department. Despite this, the independent country of Comoros continues to claim Mayotte as its own.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Mayotte is a territory of Comoros", "evidence": "The island of Mayotte is a French department (formerly an overseas territory) geographically belonging to the Comoros archipelago (islands of Anjouan, Moh\u00e9li and Grande Comores). The total area of this volcanic island is 376 km2. The island has one of the largest lagoons in the world, almost closed, with a reef surrounding almost the entire island. The island is also famous for its multiple mangrove areas and its coral beds (people from Reunion Island often come for that), its sea turtle nests, its baobabs, and its Ylang Ylang culture. This French territory is composed of two main islands: Grande Terre and Petite Terre. The capital of the island is Mamoudzou. Historically, Mayotte has been French since 1841, the rest of the Comoros was attached as a French protectorate. In 1946, Mayotte was then attached to the Comorian territory, formerly having the status of a French colony, detached from the island of Madagascar. In 1975, the independence of the Comoros was declared after consultation. In 2011, after a referendum, Mayotte became the 101st French department \u2013 DOM \u2013 (with Guyana, Reunion Island, Guadeloupe and Martinique).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Mbamba Bay is a territory of Tanzania", "evidence": "Mbamba Bay (Mbamba Bay) is a populated place (class P - Populated Place) in Ruvuma Region (Tanzania (general)), Tanzania (Africa) with the region font code of Africa/Middle East. It is located at an elevation of 472 meters above sea level and its population amounts to 8,997. Mbamba Bay is also known as Mbamba, Mbamba Bay, Mbampa. [...] Weather Mbamba Bay (Cloud cover, Temperature, Wind speed and Precipitation mm probab.)", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Lake Nyasa is a territory of Malawi", "evidence": "Lake Malawi (or Lake Nyasa, Lake Niassa) is a lake in Africa. It is the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system. It is shared between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania. Before Malawi became independent in 1964, the territory was called Nyasaland. For this reason, Mozambique and Tanzania call the lake Lake Nyasa. Lake Malawi is the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. It is the ninth largest lake in the world.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Lake Nyasa is a territory of Tanzania", "evidence": "The lake Nyasa (Nyasa means \"lake\") is located at the south-west of Tanzania, The lake lies in three countries\u2019 territory; Tanzania and Malawi. However, it is bordered by three countries, Tanzania , Malawi and Mozambique. It is the third largest in Africa (after Lake Victoria and lake Tanganyika) with 550 kilometers length and 75 kilometers width, covering an area of more than 11,400 square kilometers. In some parts, the lake is as deep as 700 meters. [...] Lake Nyasa is also among the Great Rift Valley\u2019s lakes, which shares some of the characteristics with lake Tanganyika. The lake has a distinctive characteristic: 14 rivers pouring their waters into the lake, and only one river which flows out to the sea, River Shire. [...] Though Lake Nyasa does not receive many tourists, the lake is magnificently attractive and is rich in crocodiles and hippopotamus. For Fish lovers, Lake Nyasa is biologically the most diverse lake, containing approximately 30% of world\u2019s cichlid species (colorful fish which are easily seen in the lake\u2019s clear water). With combination of Tazara round trip, Reaching this Far will provide you the most landscape picturesque of Tanzania\u2019s Geography.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Cocotiers is a territory of Equatorial Guinea", "evidence": "Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, two West African nations, are currently presenting their case before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to resolve a territorial dispute dating back to the 1970s. The disagreement centers around three islets\u2014Mbani\u00e9, Cocotier, and Conga\u2014located in a maritime zone potentially rich in hydrocarbons. This conflict is part of a broader context of energy competition, where both nations aim to solidify their regional influence by securing natural resources. [...] The core issue involves maritime boundary delineation, but the stakes extend well beyond territorial sovereignty. The disputed maritime zone is believed to contain significant hydrocarbon reserves. Control over these resources could not only transform the economic prospects of both nations but also redefine their strategic position in Central Africa. Gabon, which currently occupies the islets, asserts its sovereignty based on the Bata Convention, while Equatorial Guinea accuses Libreville of illegal occupation since 1972.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Banc du Geyser is a territory of Madagascar", "evidence": "Banc du Geyser (also Banc du Geysir) is a mostly submerged reef in the Mozambique Channel's northeastern part, 125 km (78 mi) northeast from Mayotte, 112 km (70 mi) southwest of the Glorioso Islands and 200 km (124 mi) off the northwestern coast of Madagascar. [...] France and the Comoros claim the Banc du Geyser as part of their exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The reef is also claimed by Madagascar. From the French point of view, it is a part of the EEZ of Glorioso Islands, one of their Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean. Madagascar announced its annexation in 1976, presumably because of the possibility of oil fields in the vicinity but the Banc du Geyser is controlled in fact by the French forces arm\u00e9es de la zone sud de l'oc\u00e9an Indien. [...] External links [edit]- \"Satellite images of Banc du Geysir\". Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 14 March 2009.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Congas Island is a territory of Equatorial Guinea", "evidence": "Equatorial Guinea and Gabon face off at the ICJ over oil-rich islands of Mbani\u00e9, Cocotier and Conga [...] Gabon and Equatorial Guinea are currently presenting their case before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague to resolve a five-decade territorial dispute over three oil-rich islands in the Gulf of Guinea. Following hearings of Malabo, Libreville presented its arguments on October 2, focusing on a 1974 convention signed in Bata which Gabon claims. The central Africa country confirms its sovereignty over the islands of Mbani\u00e9, Cocotier, and Conga.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Migingo Island is a territory of Kenya", "evidence": "Migingo is a 2,000-square-metre (0.49-acre; 0.20-hectare) island in Kenya on Lake Victoria.[3] The island was the center of a low-level territorial dispute between Kenya and Uganda and is extremely densely populated.[1] Migingo is a main source of fish to the Kenyan people. [...] Much, if not most, of the Ugandan protests revolve around the lucrative fishing rights, mostly for valuable Nile perch,[2] and Ugandan waters come within 510 metres (1,670 ft) of the island. In July 2009, the Ugandan government shifted its official position, stating that while Migingo Island was Kenyan, much of the waters near it were Ugandan.[15] The island had been claimed by the Ugandan government from 2008 until 11 May 2009 when President Museveni conceded that the island is in Kenya, but continued to point out that Kenyan fishermen were illegally fishing in Ugandan waters, which lie to the west of Migingo.[16] The Ugandan flag was lowered, Uganda withdrew its military troops, and agreed that all its police officers would leave the island.[9] A joint re-demarcation line of the border was launched on 2 June 2009 to recover and to place survey markers on land, making delineation of the boundary on the lake more precise, with results released in late July 2009 confirming that the island falls 510 metres (1,670 ft) on the Kenyan side of the line.[13][14]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Lolwe is a territory of Kenya", "evidence": "Facts and figures on Lolwe at a glance Name: Lolwe (Lolwe)Status: Place [...] Lolwe is located in the region of Homa Bay. Homa Bay's capital Homa Bay (Homa Bay) is approximately 41 km / 26 mi away from Lolwe (as the crow flies). The distance from Lolwe to Kenya's capital Nairobi (Nairobi) is approximately 241 km / 150 mi (as the crow flies).", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Remba is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "Remba IsLand community solar project Remba Island is a Kenyan Island in Lake Victoria, close to Uganda. [...] The Remba project represents a structural blueprint that integrates these economic efficiency enablers, each alone transforming our world. Once piloted, the blueprint will be expanded to other sites in a scalable, environmentally and economically self-sustainable manner. Not just with the objective to power Africa\u2019s 600 million people without electricity, but also to substitute diesel as the prime source of electricity for another of Africa\u2019s 300 million people who rely on it.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Banc du Geyser is a territory of France", "evidence": "French overseas territories east africa banc du geyser Banc du Geyser (also Banc du Geysir) is a mostly submerged reef in the Mozambique Channel's northeastern part, 125 km (78 mi) northeast from Mayotte, 112 km (70 mi) southwest of the Glorioso Islands, and 200 km (124 mi) off the northwestern coast of Madagascar. [...] France and the Comoros claim the Banc du Geyser as part of their exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The reef is also claimed Madagascar. From the French point of view, it is part of the EEZ of Glorioso Islands, one of their Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean. Madagascar announced its annexation in 1976, presumably because of the possibility of oil fields in the vicinity but the Banc du Geyser is controlled in fact by the French forces arm\u00e9es de la zone sud de l'oc\u00e9an Indien. In 2012, France included the reef in the parc naturel marin des Glorieuses, a marine protected area, to preserve the endangered flora and fauna of Glorioso Islands.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Remba is a territory of Kenya", "evidence": "The forgotten island of Remba It is 2am on Remba Island, one of the remotest locations on Lake Victoria. [...] Remba is located on the Kenya-Uganda boundary.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ringiti is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "Life at Ringiti Island that is caught in Kenya, Uganda border row [...] In Ringiti, a small rocky island in Lake Victoria, nationals of the three neighbouring countries live in harmony and often wonder why the territorial conflict exists. [...] Ringiti is next to Remba Island, and is 3km away from Kenya-Uganda border in the lake.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ringiti is a territory of Kenya", "evidence": "Ringiti is a small island on Lake Victoria, a two-hour motorboat rid from the shores of Homa Bay County in Kenya. It is home to more than 5000 children. There is no electricity, safe water, sanitation or healthcare on the Island. A health facility has been under construction for some time but is not operational because there is no electricity. Weekly outreach services provide basic, antenatal, HIV testing male circumcision & outpatient care. HIV/AIDS is 35 \u2013 55% among the adult population, 6 x the national average. This is because there is a high transient population, exchange of fish for sex (locally termed \"jaboya\" is rife, and mother-to-child transmission is high. [...] Power Ringiti Health Clinic, and train a resident midwife to provide onsite healthcare Power and refurbish Ringiti School for child and adult education", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sigulu is a territory of Kenya", "evidence": "The Saturday Standard has established that contradicting statements from then Labour Minister Peter Okondo and his Foreign Affairs counterpart Wilson Ayah -- both now deceased -- over ownership of Sigulu island gave Uganda ammunition to take over other islands believed to be on the Kenyan side of Lake Victoria. [...] The Kenyan residents of Sigulu have since the early 1970s become naturalised Ugandan citizens, and have their representatives in Ugandan Parliament and other local authorities in Samia Bugwe and Bugiri districts of Eastern Uganda. [...] The seizure of Sigulu has since divided many Banyala people into the two countries, with some remaining at Port Victoria on the Kenyan mainland, while half of their families became Ugandan citizens against their wishes.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sigulu is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "Map Sigulu, Uganda. Sigulu: Uganda 1: 50,000 Title - Sigulu, Uganda. Other Title - Sigulu: Uganda 1: 50,000", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Lake Victoria is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "1800 - Buganda controls territory bordering Lake Victoria from the Victoria Nile to the Kagera river. [...] 2005 April - Uganda rejects accusations made by DR Congo at the International Court in The Hague. DR Congo says Uganda invaded its territory in 1999, killing citizens and looting. [...] 2008 November - The leader of the Lord's Resistance Army, Joseph Kony, again fails to turn up for the signing of a peace agreement. Ugandan, South Sudanese and DR Congo armies launch offensive against LRA bases.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Congo River is a territory of Republic of the Congo", "evidence": "Congo River, river in west-central Africa. With a length of 2,900 miles (4,700 km), it is the continent\u2019s second longest river, after the Nile. It rises in the highlands of northeastern Zambia between Lakes Tanganyika and Nyasa (Malawi) as the Chambeshi River at an elevation of 5,760 feet (1,760 metres) above sea level and at a distance of about 430 miles (700 km) from the Indian Ocean. Its course then takes the form of a giant counterclockwise arc, flowing to the northwest, west, and southwest before draining into the Atlantic Ocean at Banana (Banane) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its drainage basin, covering an area of 1,335,000 square miles (3,457,000 square km), takes in almost the entire territory of that country, as well as most of the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, eastern Zambia, and northern Angola and parts of Cameroon and Tanzania.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ntem River is a territory of Equatorial Guinea", "evidence": "The Campo (Spanish: R\u00edo Campo, French: Rivi\u00e8re Ntem) or Ntem River is a border river in Cameroon, mainland Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. It rises in Gabon, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean in Cameroon in the Bight of Biafra. Towns [edit]See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ \"R\u00edo Ntem o Campo\". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018. - ^ \"Partie Camerounaise du Fleuve Ntem\". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Banc du Geyser is a territory of Comoros", "evidence": "The Comoros also lays claim to the Glorioso Islands, comprising Grande Glorieuse, Ile du Lys, Wreck Rock, South Rock, Verte Rocks (three islets), and three unnamed islets, one of France's Iles Eparses or Iles eparses de l'ocean indien (Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean) possessions. The Glorioso Islands were administered by the colonial Comoros before 1975, and are therefore sometimes considered part of the Comoros Archipelago. Banc du Geyser, a former island in the Comoros Archipelago, now submerged, is geographically located in the Iles Eparses, but was annexed by Madagascar in 1976 as an unclaimed territory. The Comoros now claims it as part of its exclusive economic zone. [...] The Comoros claims the Banc du Geyser and the Glorioso Islands as part of its exclusive economic zone.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Ntem River is a territory of Cameroon", "evidence": "Partie Camerounaise du Fleuve Ntem - Country:Cameroon - Site number:2067 - Area:39,848 ha - Designation date:05-06-2012 - Coordinates:02\u00b022'N 10\u00b033'E Partie Camerounaise du fleuve Ntem. 05/06/12; South Region; 39,848 ha; 02\u00b022'45\"N 010\u00b033'13\"E. A permanent freshwater river surrounded by marshes, trees and shrubs. As part of the biogeographic region of three countries: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon, this site is significantly rich in wildlife biodiversity. It supports over 80 species of large- and medium-sized mammals with 18 species of primates, 13 of which are considered threatened, including the endangered Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) as well as the critically endangered Western Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla). 28 species of bats have been identified with 2 endemic species: Nycteris major and Hipposiderus curtus. It also supports 1,500 plant species as well as 249 fish species with 4 endemic species, and serves as spawning grounds for several migrating fish species from the Atlantic Ocean. It is a source of livelihood for the resident population who carry out subsistence fishing, agriculture and the harvesting of non-timber forest products. Ramsar Site no. 2067. Most recent RIS information 2012.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Okpara River is a territory of Nigeria", "evidence": "The Okpara River is a river of Benin.[2] Originating in Borgou Department, it flows south and becomes the border between Nigeria and Benin before re-entering Benin and flowing into the Ou\u00e9m\u00e9 River, which ultimately drains into the Atlantic Ocean.[3] Several villages along the river are disputed between Benin and Nigeria.[4][5] Report says that the Okpara River heavily contaminated by toxic metals.[6] Okpara River is a stream in Nigeria. It is located at an elevation of 75 meters above sea level. It has coordinates of 7\u00b045'0\" N and 2\u00b028'60\" E in DMS or 7.75 and 2.48333. The sun rises at 08:45 and sets at 20:52 local time (Africa/Lagos UTC/GMT+1). It is a Stream body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.[7]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Orange River is a territory of South Africa", "evidence": "The Orange River (from Afrikaans/Dutch: Oranjerivier) is a river in Southern Africa. It is the longest river in South Africa. With a total length of 2,432 km (1,511 mi), the Orange River Basin extends from Lesotho into South Africa and Namibia to the north. It rises in the Drakensberg mountains in Lesotho, flowing westwards through South Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. The river forms part of the international borders between South Africa and Lesotho and between South Africa and Namibia, as well as several provincial borders within South Africa. Except for Upington, it does not pass through any major cities. The Orange River plays an important role in the South African economy by providing water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The river was named the Orange River in honour of the Dutch ruling family, the House of Orange, by the Dutch explorer Robert Jacob Gordon. [...] The Orange River then runs westward through South Africa, forming the south-western boundary of the Free State province. In this section, the river flows first into the Gariep Dam and later into the Vanderkloof Dam. From the border of Lesotho to below the Vanderkloof Dam, the river bed is deeply incised. Further downstream, the land is flatter, and the river is used extensively for irrigation.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Rukwanzi Island is a territory of Democratic Republic of Congo", "evidence": "GUNMEN on Uganda\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Lake Albert attacked a barge (ferry) operated by Canada's Heritage Oil Corp. on Friday morning, killing a British geologist. The attack took place around Rukwanzi Island, the same area where four UPDF soldiers accused of having crossed into their territory were arrested by Congolese forces last weekend. [...] The attack took place around Rukwanzi Island, the same area where four UPDF soldiers accused of having crossed into their territory were arrested by Congolese forces last weekend. Rukwanzi Island is located half in Uganda and half in the Democratic Republic of Congo.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Semliki River is a territory of Uganda", "evidence": "Semliki River is a major river, 140 kilometres (87 mi) long,[3] in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda in Central and East Africa. It flows north from Lake Edward in Beni Territory, Nord-Kivu, D.R.C avoiding the Rwenzori Mountains on its Right (East), emptying into Lake Albert in the Albertine Rift, Irumu Territory, Ituri Province, D.R.C overlooking the Blue Mountains to its left in the west. Its mouth is near the Village of Katolingo in Kanara subcounty, Ntoroko district, Uganda.[4] Along its lower reaches, it meanders extensively forming part of the international border between the DRC and the western Ugandan districts of Bundibugyo and Ntoroko, near the Semuliki National Park.[4] [...] Before leaving the park, the river passes under another road linking the DRC settlement of Oicha to settlements in the Semliki Valley west of the DRC\u2013Uganda border and the Uganda town of Bundibugyo. Downstream of the road crossing, the river leaves the Virunga Park and runs along the west edge of Semuliki National Park, which is in Uganda. Here the river becomes the border between the DRC and Uganda, and it remains the border for most of the rest of the river's course. As the river leaves Semuliki Park, it nears Sempaya National Park and the Toro Game Reserve, both in Uganda. Over its last reach, the river flows west of the international border and enters the southern end of Lake Albert at a point southeast of Bunia, DRC.[4]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Semliki River is a territory of Democratic Republic of Congo", "evidence": "Semliki River is a major river, 140 kilometres (87 mi) long, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda in Central and East Africa. It flows north from Lake Edward in Beni Territory, Nord-Kivu, D.R.C avoiding the Rwenzori Mountains on its Right (East), emptying into Lake Albert in the Albertine Rift, Irumu Territory, Ituri Province, D.R.C overlooking the Blue Mountains to its left in the west. Its mouth is near the Village of Katolingo in Kanara subcounty, Ntoroko district, Uganda. Along its lower reaches, it meanders extensively forming part of the international border between the DRC and the western Ugandan districts of Bundibugyo and Ntoroko, near the Semuliki National Park.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sindabezi Island is a territory of Zimbabwe", "evidence": "Sindabezi Island is one of the accommodations Justinah vowed she would never return to South Africa without staying at least one night. The thought of lying inside an outdoor bathtub, the sounds of hippos, and watching the African sunset, while sipping a cold beverage, made her even more excited to visit this natural wonderland nestled between Zimbabwe and Zambia. I knew spending at least two nights at Sindabezi Island would make her happy, but I had no idea I would wind up developing a closer connection with this island and its people. Sindabezi Island is a natural wonderland situated on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe offering tranquillity and seclusion due to it being 3 km away from the Tongabezi, one of the Green Safaris collections. You only share the river with a wide variety of resident wildlife, such as hippos, antelopes, warthogs, and baboons across the river. Fear not \u2013 they hardly come up to the island. [...] Sindabezi Island comprises five tented chalets with thatched roofs. Two chalets have been turned into private honeymoon suites with outdoor bathtubs and showers. Your only neighbours are the wildlife that shares the mighty Zambezi River with you. One of the honeymoon chalets was our home for two nights.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Bassas da India is a territory of France", "evidence": "Post-World War II, and especially after the decolonization era, the significance of such remote territories in geopolitical strategizing reduced. However, Bassas da India, along with the surrounding waters, gradually started gaining attention for its rich biodiversity. The atoll, which gets submerged during high tide, along with its surrounding waters, became recognized for its coral reefs and the marine life they support. In recent decades, understanding the ecological importance of such regions, France declared Bassas da India a nature reserve. The atoll and its surrounding waters are now part of the \"French Southern and Antarctic Lands,\" a French overseas territory. This designation seeks to protect the rich marine biodiversity and ensure that any human activity, mainly fishing, does not adversely impact the fragile ecosystem. While Bassas da India remains uninhabited and largely untouched by human activities, its importance lies in its biodiversity. It serves as a reminder that even the most remote and seemingly insignificant parts of our planet can play a crucial role in the broader ecological network. [...] Bassas da India has a fascinating history as an uninhabited atoll in the Indian Ocean. It was first discovered by European explorers in the early 16th century and has been passed between different colonial powers over the centuries. Today, Bassas da India is under the jurisdiction of France and is designated as a nature reserve. The atoll\u2019s pristine and untouched environment is protected to conserve its fragile ecosystem and diverse marine life.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Sindabezi Island is a territory of Zambia", "evidence": "Sindabezi Island is a natural wonderland situated on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe offering tranquillity and seclusion due to it being 3 km away from the Tongabezi, one of the Green Safaris collections. You only share the river with a wide variety of resident wildlife, such as hippos, antelopes, warthogs, and baboons across the river. Fear not \u2013 they hardly come up to the island. [...] Sindabezi Island is part of the Green Safaris collection, with stunning and distinctive properties around Zambia, Mosi-oa-Tunya Falls (Victoria Falls), Kafue National Park, Busanga Plains, South Luangwa National Park, and Lower Zambezi National Park including Likoma Island in Malawi. Green Safaris was established out of a deep connection with Africa\u2019s unspoiled natural areas and the wildlife and communities that call these regions their home. This passion drives their commitment to conservation, empowerment, and sustainability in every aspect of Green Safaris. Each of their properties supports at least one conservation or environment initiative and one community project. Sindabezi Island comprises five tented chalets with thatched roofs. Two chalets have been turned into private honeymoon suites with outdoor bathtubs and showers. Your only neighbours are the wildlife that shares the mighty Zambezi River with you. One of the honeymoon chalets was our home for two nights.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Tromelin Island is a territory of Mauritius", "evidence": "Tromelin Island (/\u02cctro\u028aml\u026an/[citation needed]; French: \u00cele Tromelin, pronounced [il t\u0281\u0254ml\u025b\u0303]), once called the Isle of Sand, is a low, flat island in the Indian Ocean about 500 km (310 mi; 270 nmi) north of R\u00e9union and about 450 km (280 mi; 240 nmi) east of Madagascar. Tromelin is part of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean, the fifth district of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French Overseas Territory, but Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island. [...] Tromelin is administered as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French Overseas Territory, but Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island despite its absence in the listing of the 8th article of the 1814 Treaty of Paris.[19] Indeed, the treaty does not specifically mention all the dependencies of Mauritius, which leads to uncertainty on the sovereignty of Tromelin, and the official text was that written in French. During the British period of Mauritius, France administered the island as a dependency of the region of R\u00e9union and built infrastructure without British protest. France and Mauritius have been negotiating for years in regard to the possible establishment of a condominium over the island. In 2010, Mauritius and France reached an agreement on the co-management of Tromelin, without prejudice to the sovereignty of Mauritius over Tromelin.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Tromelin Island is a territory of France", "evidence": "Tromelin Island (\u00cele Tromelin) is a low, flat French Island in the Indian Ocean about 500 km (310 mi) north of R\u00e9union and about 450 km (280 mi) east of Madagascar. Tromelin is administered as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French Overseas Territory, but Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island. [...] Tromelin is administered as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French Overseas Territory, but Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island despite its absence in the listing of the 8th article of the 1814 Paris Treaty. Indeed, the treaty does not specifically mention all the dependencies of Mauritius, which leads to uncertainty on the sovereignty of Tromelin, and the official text was the most clearly text in French. [...] Tromelin has an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 280,000 km2 (108,109 sq mi), contiguous with that of R\u00e9union. The island\u2019s weather station, which warns of cyclones, is still operated by France and is staffed by meteorologists from R\u00e9union.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Wadi Halfa is a territory of Sudan", "evidence": "Wadi Halfa is a town on the shores of Lake Nasser in the north of Sudan, and marks the point of entry into Sudan for those coming in from Egypt. It is surrounded by the dunes of the Nubian Desert, the eastern edge of the Sahara Desert, and has a population of around 15,000. Historically, Wadi Halfa was Nubia's most important trading point, being the gateway between Egypt and Sudan. Today the city's buildings are immaculate, surrounded by the golden dunes of the Nubian Desert. It is the stereotypical border town, small and full of paperwork, hassle, and dirt. The town is actually the new Wadi Halfa; the original Wadi Halfa was submerged when the Aswan High Dam created Lake Nasser in 1971. Sudan's military dictatorship forcibly removed the approximately 50,000 inhabitants of the area from their lands and relocated to the desert, where many died of malaria and other diseases. A few Wadi Halfans, however, remain along the Nile, the river that built their ancestors' identities as fishermen and river traders, building new settlements several times and finally settling on the current location when the flooding stopped. Seasonal flooding still occurs.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Wadi Halfa is a territory of Egypt", "evidence": "The Wadi Halfa Salient, named after Wadi Halfa, a nearby Sudanese city 22 kilometers south of the border, is a salient of the international border between Egypt and the Sudan along the Nile River to the north. The area is currently controlled by Egypt. The area (along with the Halaib Triangle and Bir Tawil) is created by two different definitions of the Egypt\u2013Sudan border: the \"political boundary\" set in 1899, and the \"administrative boundary\" set in 1902.[1] [...] The Wadi Halfa Salient is roughly 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) wide and stretches finger-shaped on both sides of the original course of the Nile 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the north into Egyptian territory, with a total area of 210 km2 (81 sq mi). Because of the construction of the Aswan Dam and the flooding of Lake Nasser most of the area was flooded, affecting most of the villages of the area and the ancient city of Faras. Some of the people were resettled to New Halfa in the Butana region.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Australia", "evidence": "The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands[1] is an uninhabited Australian external territory[2] consisting of four low-lying tropical islands in two separate reefs (Ashmore and Cartier), as well as the 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial sea generated by the islands.[3] The territory is located in the Indian Ocean situated on the edge of the continental shelf, about 320 km (199 mi) off the northwest coast of Australia and 144 km (89 mi) south of the Indonesian island of Rote.[3] [...] A British order-in-council dated 23 July 1931 stated that Ashmore and Cartier Islands would be placed under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia when Australia passed legislation to accept them, and formal administration began two years later.[14] The Commonwealth's resulting Ashmore and Cartier Islands Acceptance Act 1933 came into operation on 10 May 1934, when the islands formally became a territory. The act authorised the Governor of Western Australia to make ordinances for the territory. In July 1938 the territory was annexed to the Northern Territory, then also administered by the Commonwealth, whose laws, ordinances and regulations applied to the Northern Territory. When self-government was granted to the Northern Territory on 1 July 1978, administration of Ashmore and Cartier Islands was retained by the Commonwealth.[3][15] [...] - ^ a b c d e f g h i \"Ashmore and Cartier Islands\". Territories of Australia. Department of the Infrastructure and Regional Development, Australian Government. 29 January 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Ashmore and Cartier Islands is a territory of Indonesia", "evidence": "The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands[1] is an uninhabited external territory[2] of Australia consisting of four low-lying tropical islands in two separate reefs, and the 12 nautical mile territorial sea generated by the islands. The territory is located in the Indian Ocean situated on the edge of the continental shelf, about 320 km (199 mi) off the northwest coast of Australia and 144 km (89 mi) south of the Indonesian island of Rote.[3] [...] External links - Ashmore and Cartier Islands entry at The World Factbook - Geoscience Australia\u2014Ashmore and Cartier Islands - Department of the Environment and Heritage\u2014Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve - Department of the Environment and Heritage\u2014Cartier Island Commonwealth Marine Reserve - First on list of Australian islands - \"Ashmore Reef Belongs to Indonesia,\" posted on East Timor Action Network. [1]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Aarsal is a territory of Syria", "evidence": "About 40 miles north of Majdal Anjar, is Aarsal, another Lebanese town sympathetic to Syria's Sunni rebels. It is also a transit point for rebel fighters headed for the fighting around Damascus. \"All of Aarsal is with the revolution,\" said Ali al-Hujeiri, head of the town municipality. Illustrating his point, the flag and slogans of the Free Syrian Army are spray-painted on walls all across the mountain town. [...] Several predominantly Shiite villages surround Aarsal, and hostilities have escalated as the number of refugees and rebels coming through the area increases.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports President Joe Biden has visited the U.S.-Southern Border more than once", "evidence": "Biden\u2019s visit comes as he considers sweeping executive action to restrict migrants\u2019 ability to seek asylum at the US southern border if they crossed illegally. Biden has repeatedly lambasted congressional Republicans for failing to pass a bipartisan compromise spending package that included significant concessions on border policy as he tries to flip the script on the GOP, which has slammed Biden over the border throughout his presidency \u2013 including impeaching his Homeland Security secretary over his handling of the border. [...] Since last month, a group of Texas mayors have repeatedly called on Biden to visit the southern border and have called on Congress to pass the national security supplemental package that would provide funding to address some of the concerns along the southern border. [...] Biden has previously visited the border once as president, traveling to El Paso, Texas, in January 2023, where he visited a migrant respite center but did not appear to see or meet with migrants.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Joe Biden claimed in an interview that there was no evidence that what Hunter did was wrong", "evidence": "Joe Biden claimed that he had no knowledge of, or investments in, his son's foreign business ventures.[16][17] A 2020 investigation led by Republican senators Ron Johnson and Chuck Grassley found no evidence of wrongdoing by Joe Biden, noting only that Hunter Biden had used his family name to develop business relationships.[18] In October 2020, the conservative newspaper New York Post reported on a laptop once belonging to Hunter Biden. The laptop included two emails to Hunter Biden that passingly mentioned Joe Biden. While neither email indicated that Joe Biden was involved in any of the business matters,[19][10] the laptop garnered significant attention from Republicans and conservative media as the Hunter Biden laptop controversy. Despite extensive scrutiny of the laptop contents by multiple parties, no evidence of wrongdoing by Joe Biden was found.[20][6][1] [...] - ^ Fandos, Nicholas (September 23, 2020). \"A Republican inquiry into Hunter Biden and Ukraine finds no evidence of wrongdoing by his father\". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 12, 2023. Retrieved January 12, 2023.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports WEF founder Klaus Schwab openly called for AI technology to replace democratic elections", "evidence": "The Forum is chaired by its founder and executive chairman, Professor Klaus Schwab. The organization\u2019s mission and values are guided by a Board of Trustees made up of leaders drawn from business, politics, academia and civil society. Canadians Mark Carney and Chrystia Freeland are currently members of the Board of Trustees in their personal capacities.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "it is illegal for people with concealed carry permits to wear face masks in Pennsylvania", "evidence": "No, wearing a mask doesn\u2019t void concealed-carry permit [...] No national law prohibits licensed concealed-carry holders from carrying a weapon and wearing a mask. [...] \"Know what else wearing a mask does??? Anyone?? REMOVES YOUR CONCEAL CARRY ability. That\u2019s right!! Its in the rules. CCW licensees are NOT allowed to wear face coverings while carrying. Now let that sink in.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Whoopi Goldberg \u201clost everything\u201d in a lawsuit to Jason Aldean", "evidence": "Websites including lajmesot.info, xnews7.com, lifestory25.com, keepupdatednews.com, faithhopel.info, newsc87.com and others all reported the headline, \"'She\u2019s Toxic': Jason Aldean Leaves \u2018The View\u2019 After 10 Minutes Encounter With Whoopi Goldberg.\" These links were located with a simple search of Facebook. [...] For further reading, we previously reported about a similar rumor that claimed Goldberg had lost everything in a lawsuit brought by Aldean. [...] Liles, Jordan. \"Whoopi Goldberg \u2018Panics After Losing Everything\u2019 in Lawsuit Brought by Jason Aldean?\" Snopes, Aug. 7, 2023, https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/whoopi-goldberg-lawsuit-aldean/.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that President George Washington once said, \"Government is not reason; it is not eloquence; it is force. Like fire, it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did George Washington Call Government \u2018A Dangerous Servant And A Fearful Master\u2019? An image shared on Facebook claims that President George Washington once said, \"Government is not reason; it is not eloquence; it is force. [...] According to the website Quote Investigator, the depiction of government as \"a dangerous servant and a fearful master\" is reminiscent of a centuries-old saying about water and fire. \"Water is a very good seruaunt, but it is a cruell mayster,\" reads an excerpt from 1562.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "purports the Department of Defense pays for troops' abortions", "evidence": "The Pentagon will pay for service members to travel for abortions The Pentagon will pay for service members to travel for abortion care, a move that comes as many states have rolled back access to the procedure since the overturning of Roe v. Wade. In a memo dated Thursday, Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin directed the department to adopt a suite of reproductive health care policies in response to the Supreme Court's June decision to end the federal right to abortion.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The New Republic claimed in an article that the Manhattan District Attorney\u2019s office determined a Trump Tower doorman was paid $30,000 to hide a story about former President Donald Trump\u2019s out of wedlock child.", "evidence": "A Trump Tower Doorman Who Said Trump Had a Child Out of Wedlock Was Paid $30,000 in Hush Money [...] \"In one instance, American Media Inc. (\u2018AMI\u2019), paid $30,000 to a former Trump Tower doorman, who claimed to have a story about a child TRUMP had out of wedlock,\" the Manhattan district attorney\u2019s office announced Tuesday, referring to the company that owned The National Enquirer at the time. [...] Though the district attorney\u2019s office did not specify, it seems the doorman might be Dino Sajudin, according to a 2018 report from The New Yorker\u2019s Ronan Farrow. Sajudin allegedly told a National Enquirer reporter that Trump had possibly fathered a child out of wedlock with a former housekeeper. Sajudin apparently passed a lie detector test on the idea, prompting AMI to pay him for the exclusive rights to the story, all in order to kill it.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The military arrested the FEMA deputy administrator", "evidence": "A former administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency was arrested Tuesday for taking bribes from the president of a company that landed $1.8 billion in federal contracts to repair Puerto Rico's electrical grid after Hurricane Maria devastated the island in September 2017. Federal authorities arrested Ahsha Tribble, FEMA's former deputy administrator for the region that includes Puerto Rico. Donald Keith Ellison, the former president of Cobra Acquisitions was also arrested.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "NFL refused Kaepernick\u2019s request play and told him to sell hair products instead", "evidence": "NFL Refuses Kaepernick's Request for Active Status: \"He Should Sell Hair Products\" [...] \"Active status means he can try out, apply for coaching positions, pursue endorsements, and other league-related things,\" said Deputy Commissioner Joe Barron, \"We denied his petition for the 7th year in a row. He should go sell hair products.\" When we searched Facebook for the article's headline, we found that a number of users apparently believed that the NFL had told Kaepernick that he should sell hair products instead of trying to play for the league.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Claims that Warren Buffett once said, \"You will continue to suffer if you have an emotional reaction to everything that is said to you.\"", "evidence": "An image shared on Facebook claims billionaire investor Warren Buffett said, \"You will continue to suffer if you have an emotional reaction to everything that is said to you.\" [...] The Daily Caller found no evidence that Buffett said this quote, though it has been linked to him since a parody account tweeted it in 2018. [...] The alleged quote was first linked to Buffet in 2018, after a Twitter account (which has since been suspended) masquerading as the billionaire investor tweeted it out, along with other pieces of life advice. After the tweet went viral, a spokesperson for Buffett confirmed to ABC News that the account was fake.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Charles Darwin said, \"In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment.\"", "evidence": "Here is an example of a Darwin ascription in \"The Guardian\" newspaper in 2006. Please note that instances on the QI website are meant to be illustrative and not meant to be harshly critical of writers and journalists who may have slipped:[4]2006 December 11, News source: The Guardian, Article title: The Weekends TV: Pop stars, buildings, now endangered species . . . is nothing safe from the phone vote format? Article author: Sam \u2026 Continue reading \u2018In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment\u2019. The Origin of Species, Charles DarwinHaving now seen the first part of Extinct (ITV1, Saturday), I think I get what Darwin was on about. But perhaps if he was around now, and just coming up with his theory, he may have worded it slightly differently. \"In the struggle for survival, the cutest win out at the expense of the less cute because they appeal more to celebrities and, through them, to a live television audience.\" [...] Charles Darwin (1809-1882), the famous English naturalist who first formulated the concept of evolution, wrote in his history-making Origin of the Species: \"In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims Jonathan Swift said, \"A love without esteem is capricious and volatile; esteem without love is languid and cold.\"", "evidence": "The statement does not appear in any of Swift\u2019s written works. It actually comes from an anonymous essay published in 1753 that was likely written by John Hawkesworth.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Thomas Jefferson said, \"Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude.\"", "evidence": "How to Stop Breaking Your Own Rules \"Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude.\" \u2014 Thomas Jefferson We often set goals for ourselves and unless we get the results we are looking for, we stop seeing the point. We can follow a rule or a habit for a while, but long term, it\u2019s hard to keep something going when results are low. I am guilty of this, but I\u2019ve learned ways to keep myself going toward a goal with a bit of mental gymnastics. It\u2019s easy to learn and easy to implement. You just have to know what to think.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Oliver Cromwell said, \"Not only strike while the iron is hot, but make it hot by striking.\"", "evidence": "We must not only strike the iron while it is hot, but strike it till \"it is made hot.\" [...] \"Strike while the iron is hot,\" is a common saying, and a very good one. It indicates the danger of delay and the importance of prompt action; but Cromwell said, \"Make the iron hot by striking,\"\u2014thus enforcing another thought, that \"Where there is a will there is a way;\" that to good sense, industry and perseverance, no right thing is impossible! [...] Do not wait to strike till the iron is hot; but make it hot by striking.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "former President Donald Trump claimed he won the state of Nevada in the 2016 and 2020 elections", "evidence": "A woman holds an umbrella as she waits for Republican presidential candidate and former President Donald Trump to attend a campaign event in Las Vegas, June 9, 2024. Photo by Brendan McDermid/Reuters Trump\u2019s Nevada rally, his third in the state this year, came on the tail end of a Western swing that included several high-dollar fundraisers where he was expected to rake in millions of dollars. Democrat Hillary Clinton won Nevada in 2016 as did President Joe Biden in 2020, but Nevada was the only battleground state where Trump did better against Biden than Clinton. In the 2022 midterms, Nevada Gov. Steve Sisolak, a Democrat, was the only incumbent governor who did not win reelection. Trump hopes his strength among working-class voters and growing interest from Latinos will push him to victory in the state. In a play for Nevada\u2019s massive service-sector workforce, Trump said he\u2019d seek to eliminate taxes on tips, a major source of income for food servers, bartenders and others who power glitzy Las Vegas hotels. The Culinary Union Secretary-Treasurer Ted Pappageorge criticized Trump for making that promise, a measure he said the union has fought for decades.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Nikki Haley claims 1 in 6 American families can't afford their utility bill", "evidence": "And did Republicans try and make it right? No. They opened up pet projects and earmarks for the first time in 10 years, pushing through 7,000 of them last December. Want to know how they spent your money? $30 million on an honor\u2019s college in Vermont. 10 million to tear down a hotel in Alaska. Seven and a half million on a courthouse in Colorado. And the list goes on. In the 2024 appropriations budget, Republicans put in $7.4 billion worth of pet projects and earmarks. Democrats put in 2.8 billion. Now you tell me who the big spenders are. All while one in six American families can\u2019t afford their utility bill, 60% of Americans are living paycheck to paycheck. 50% of American families can\u2019t afford diapers. Social security will go bankrupt in 10 years. Medicare will go bankrupt in eight. Then you look at our education system and everybody wants to blame COVID for education.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims a \"huge percentage\" of deported Salvadorans were murdered or harmed upon being deported back to El Salvador", "evidence": "In the '90s, as the gang phenomenon in Los Angeles got more complicated, the U.S. started deporting gang members. Deportations brought airplanes full of gang members who had committed crimes and murders in the U.S. back to El Salvador. [...] The deportation of gang members back to El Salvador coincided with a very complicated social environment in the country, in which family life had been broken, financially and culturally. [...] When these gang members arrived back to El Salvador, keep in mind the government had no re-integration policy. No psychological support. There's been a lack of serious policy toward these gang members' realities.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that founding father John Adams once said, \"In my many years, I have come to a conclusion that one useless man is a shame, two is a law firm, and three or more is a Congress.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did John Adams Say, \u2018One Useless Man Is A Shame, Two Is A Law Firm And Three Or More Is A Congress\u2019? [...] The saying attributed to Adams is one such misquotation. The Daily Caller News Foundation found no evidence that he ever said or wrote these words. A search of the digital edition of The Adams Papers returned no matches. [...] I have come to the conclusion that one useless man is called a disgrace; that two are called a law firm; and that three or more become a Congress! And, by God, I have had this Congress! For 10 years, King George and his Parliament have gulled, cullied and diddled these Colonies with their illegal taxes! Stamp Acts, Townshend Acts, Sugar Acts, Tea Acts! And when we dared stand up like men, they have stopped our trade, seized our ships, blockaded our ports, burned our towns and spilled our blood! And still this Congress refuses to grant any of my proposals on independence, even so much as the courtesy of open debate! Good God, what in Hell are you waiting for?", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk claims the earth is flat", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Elon Musk Tweet That The Earth Is Flat? A post on shared on social media purportedly shows a screenshot of a tweet from SpaceX and Twitter CEO Elon Musk saying that the earth is flat. [...] \"The world is flat and I can\u2019t get past the firmament!\" the alleged tweet reads. \"Anyone want to buy SpaceX\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Barbara Walters wrote long statement criticizing Jane Fonda for visiting North Vietnam", "evidence": "The Daily Caller found no record of Walters ever making the statement.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Emergency Loans for U.S. Citizens get up to $5,000", "evidence": "Stimulus Update: $5,000 in Stimulus Money Can Soon Be Claimed by These Americans [...] - Up to $5,000 in funds could be available. [...] But, there is one group of Americans who is guaranteed a $5,000 payment this year -- if they file their taxes in order to get their money. Here's who is owed $5,000 along with some advice on claiming this large sum of money to help with the ongoing effects of COVID-19.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk has permanently banned AOC from Twitter", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Elon Musk Permanently Ban AOC From Twitter? A post shared on social media purports Twitter CEO Elon Musk has permanently banned New York Democrat Rep. Alexandria Ocasio Cortez from the platform. [...] \"Elon Musk permanently bans AOC from Twitter,\" the article reads. (RELATED: No, This Is Not A Real Headline About Male Pregnancy)", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Lee Majors bequeathed $6 million to President Donald Trump's 2020 reelection campaign", "evidence": "Majors has not died. The article originated on a satirical news website.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports 156 House Republicans voted to raise the retirement age for Social Security to 70", "evidence": "\"If you only retweet ONE thing today, let it be this list of 156 House Republicans who voted to raise the retirement age for Social Security to age 70,\" reads the tweet. \"Don't let them get away with it. Make sure EVERYONE knows.\" [...] The post\u2019s claim came after Social Security Works, an organization that fights to expand Social Security, tweeted on Feb. 13 that \"156 House Republicans released a plan to raise the retirement age to 70.\" [...] - Linda Benesch, March 7, Email exchange with USA TODAY - Miranda Dabney, March 7-13, Email exchange with USA TODAY - USA TODAY, April 22, 2022, Fact check: Post exaggerates benefits for members of Congress - Republican Study Committee, accessed March 10, FY2023 Budget - Republican Study Committee, accessed March 10, Membership - Congressional Research Service, Aug. 8, 2019, Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress - Congress.gov, accessed March 10, H.R.6489 - Social Security Reform Act of 2016 - Congress.gov, accessed March 10, Congressional Record Vol. 168, No. 105 - Social Security Administration, accessed March 10, Retirement age - VERIFY, March 9, No, 156 Republicans didn\u2019t vote to raise the age for Social Security to 70 - Factcheck.org, March 6, Liberal Group\u2019s Meme Mentions Nonexistent GOP Vote to Raise Social Security\u2019s Retirement Age", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "a tent hospital set up in New York City\u2019s Central Park housed thousands of abused children saved from underground captivity.", "evidence": "There is no evidence to support the claims made by the Facebook post. The field hospital only helped treat New York City coronavirus patients.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A post shared on Twitter claims Mexican television reported that cartels have dozens of AT4s sourced from Ukraine.", "evidence": "According to a picture released on the Twitter account of Hans Tino Hansen, Denmark has delivered an undisclosed number of AT4CS man-portable anti-structure tandem rocket weapons to the Ukrainian armed forces. [...] Ukraine receives AT4 anti-tank weapons from Sweden | 7 March 2022 | ArmyRecognition According to information published by Republic World on March 6, 2022, the Swedish AT4 anti-tank weapons have arrived in Ukraine amid the war. Indeed some visuals of Ukrainian soldiers with AT4 anti-tank weapons have been released.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports to show a traffic light that melted in Texas due to extreme heat", "evidence": "The image shows a traffic light that melted as a result of a July 2022 fire in Milan, Italy, according to the Italian website Open.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ford made this pride commercial in 2023", "evidence": "Ford\u2019s latest campaign, Built Ford Proud, celebrates the greater community of drivers who have broken the mold, driven, innovation, and defied stereotypes for nearly 120 years. It showcases actor Sydney Sweeney, stunt driver Dee Bryant, and professional surfer Kai Lenny. Erica Martin, Ford Marketing Communications Manager, said Built Ford Proud has always been about the immense pride the brand feels for its vehicles and the employees who build them. \"Today, we are putting the spotlight on the drivers, because who they are, and what they accomplish with our vehicles, is a huge part of what makes this brand special. [...] The Built Proud campaign draws a clear distinction about a company that invented \"how to build\" speaks honestly and proudly about Ford\u2019s cars and trucks, and positions the brand uniquely suited to take on the future.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Thomas Jefferson said, \"The beauty of the Second Amendment is that it will not be needed until they try and take it.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence that Thomas Jefferson wrote or said this expression.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "New York Post headline reports that journalist who debunked pizzagate plead guilty in child porn case", "evidence": "Journalist who pleaded guilty to possession of child sexual abuse images did not debunk Pizzagate [...] The claim that Meek debunked Pizzagate seems to have originated from what appears to be a fake New York Post headline that read, \"Award winning ABC journalist who \u2018debunked\u2019 Pizzagate, pleads guilty in horrific child porn case.\" We searched the New York Post archives, Nexis news archives and Google and found no story with that or a similar headline. PolitiFact also reached out to the New York Post to confirm whether the headline was authentic, but did not immediately receive a response. [...] U.S. Office of Public Affairs, Department of Justice, \"Former Journalist Pleads Guilty to Transportation and Possession of Child Sexual Abuse Material,\" July 21, 2023.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "George Soros is banned from several countries", "evidence": "Is billionaire and liberal philanthropist George Soros banned in six countries? A social media post made this claim and compared it with his status in the United States. Soros \"is banned in Russia, Pakistan, Turkey, Hungary, Poland, Philippines,\" an April 19 Instagram post read, using his image and an expletive in place of Soros\u2019 name. \"Ask yourself why six major countries have banned this traitor and not the USA where he continues to fund a communist insurrection.\" [...] Check Your Fact, FACT CHECK: Has George Soros Been Banned From Six Countries?, Oct. 2, 2020", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There's a children's book titled 'Mom And Dad\u2019s Swinger Party'", "evidence": "Mom and Dad's Swinger Party Rejected Children's Books Paperback \u2013 January 9, 2023", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that James Madison said, \"Cursed be all that learning that is contrary to the cross of Christ.\"", "evidence": "Princeton University - Reverend Jonathan Dickson, Princeton\u2019s first president once said, \"Cursed be all learning that is contrary to the cross of Christ.\" Established during the First Great Awakening, the college was a direct result of spiritual revival and a recommitment of the early colonies to further a degree of excellence in education. Later, under President Jonathan Edwards, the school took on a missionary zeal to minister to the American Indians. Early Princeton graduates included James Madison, Aaron Burr, and six members of the first United States Congress.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "an FBI raid in Annandale, Virginia, uncovered a plot by the Muslim Brotherhood to \"destroy America.\"", "evidence": "The Annandale home of a suspected Hamas operative was searched by federal agents in 2004. While materials and documents were taken from the home, the search did not uncover a Muslim Brotherhood plot to \u201cdestory America.\u201d", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that author Mark Twain once said, \"Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn't do than by the ones you did do.\"", "evidence": "Some things we try end up disappointing. We may fail a few times along the way. Though we may learn important lessons through our failures. And we may derive some benefit from the effort, even if not all the benefit we sought. Whether twenty years from now you\u2019ll be more disappointed by the things you didn\u2019t do than by the things you did do\u2014no one can say. We\u2019ll need to wait twenty years for the answer. But it\u2019s certainly a thought worth having. And the more risky the venture and the more fear the idea generates\u2014the greater the need to give it thought. You can always decide later not to proceed. But we owe it to ourselves to seriously consider the move. And I suspect that most of the time when we look back, we WILL be more disappointed by the things we didn\u2019t do than by the ones we did do. One other thing is certain, and it\u2019s this\u2014you must leave the dock to reach the distant port. There\u2019s just no way around that. That\u2019s the scary part. Twenty years from now you may regret the journey. But more likely you\u2019ll regret staying on shore. So get out there, my friend. And send me a post card.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Michelle Obama called country music \"intellectually devoid\" and \"music for morons.\"", "evidence": "In Milwaukee, Michelle Obama said: [...] Asked the day after the Wisconsin primary, which her husband won, if she wanted to clarify her remarks, Obama said: [...] Fox News, \"Michelle Obama Takes Heat for Saying She\u2019s Proud of My Country for the First Time,\" Feb. 19, 2008", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims Venezuelan people threw money in the streets to protest health conditions.", "evidence": "This scenario is one of the millions of equally tragic scenes unfolding right now in Venezuela. People are dying from lack of basic needs or being killed for speaking out against their poor living conditions. There are no operational medical facilities. For many, there is no medicine, there are no doctors, with scarce clean water leaving disease to fill the void.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims American writer Ernest Hemingway said, \"Write drunk, edit sober.\"", "evidence": "First, let\u2019s get one thing straight: Though he\u2019s often credited as the source of this quote, Ernest Hemingway probably did not give the advice of \"write drunk, edit sober.\" Not only was it totally out of character with his daily habits (Hemingway loved to write in the morning), it also can\u2019t be sourced. [...] \"Write drunk; edit sober.\" \u2013 Ernest Hemingway #writedrunk #Hemingways http://t.co/rukphonkeq pic.twitter.com/5QayjHeJNk \u2014 Cube Breaker (@CBtrending) April 12, 2014 [...] The answer, then, to whether or not the advice to \"write drunk, edit sober\" should be heeded, is: It depends. If you\u2019re a person who can safely have a drink or two and continue to plug away at creative work, then a stiff drink or a cold pint might just be what you need to break out of a rut. But like most things, it\u2019s more a question of knowing what does \u2014 and doesn\u2019t \u2014 work for you.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "purports Andrew Tate has allegedly been found guilty of a crime and sentenced to 14 years in prison", "evidence": "Andrew Tate detained in Romania over rape and human trafficking case Controversial online influencer Andrew Tate has been detained in Romania as part of a human trafficking and rape investigation. [...] Later, a tweet was sent from Andrew Tate's Twitter account alluding to the 1999 movie The Matrix, a film he regularly refers to in his posts.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims that comedian Groucho Marx once stated, \"Politics is the art of looking for trouble, finding it everywhere, diagnosing it incorrectly and applying the wrong remedies.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller News Foundation found no evidence that Marx made this statement.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Benjamin Franklin said, \"By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller found no evidence that Franklin originated the saying.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims the International Space Station (ISS) captured footage of a UFO on its livestream", "evidence": "Ivan Vagner, a Russian cosmonaut currently orbiting the Earth aboard the International Space Station (ISS), claims to have captured footage of potential UFOs while recording video of the southern lights. [...] Vagner did not claim to see the phenomenon as it happened, and no one else aboard the ISS has acknowledged it. He also did not indicate exactly when the footage was captured. [...] The Pentagon has since acknowledged that it has recorded encounters with \"Unidentified Aerial Phenomena\" (UAP).", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "claims Ron DeSantis received a $2 million donation from Sequoia Capital Bank, which is purportedly owned by Dominion Voting Systems", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: No, Ron DeSantis Did Not Receive $2 Million From A Bank Owned By Dominion Voting Systems A post shared on X, the social media platform previously known as Twitter, claims Florida Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis received a $2 million donation from Sequoia Capital Bank, which is purportedly owned by Dominion Voting Systems. [...] Therefore, the claim that Sequoia Capital Bank donated $2 million directly to DeSantis is also misleading. (RELATED: Is Ron DeSantis The Only Veteran Running For President?)", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "the new coronavirus has HIV proteins that indicate it was genetically modified in a laboratory.", "evidence": "We are currently witnessing a major epidemic caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The evolution of 2019-nCoV remains elusive. We found 4 insertions in the spike glycoprotein (S) which are unique to the 2019-nCoV and are not present in other coronaviruses. Importantly, amino acid residues in all the 4 inserts have identity or similarity to those in the HIV-1 gp120 or HIV-1 Gag. Interestingly, despite the inserts being discontinuous on the primary amino acid sequence, 3D-modelling of the 2019-nCoV suggests that they converge to constitute the receptor binding site. The finding of 4 unique inserts in the 2019-nCoV, all of which have identity /similarity to amino acid residues in key structural proteins of HIV-1 is unlikely to be fortuitous in nature. This work provides yet unknown insights on 2019-nCoV and sheds light on the evolution and pathogenicity of this virus with important implications for diagnosis of this virus.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims Ernest Hemingway said, \"I love sleep. My life has the tendency to fall apart when I'm awake, you know?\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller News Foundation found no evidence that Hemingway wrote this quote. Two Hemingway biographers also doubt its authenticity.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Aristotle once stated, \"We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence then, is not an act, but a habit.\"", "evidence": "The quote \"We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit\" is generally attributed to Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher. However, it is worth noting that Aristotle did not say these exact words, but the sentiment aligns closely with his teachings, particularly those found in his work \"Nicomachean Ethics.\" In this seminal text on virtue and moral character, Aristotle explores the concept of eudaimonia, often translated as \"flourishing\" or \"well-being,\" and how it can be achieved through virtuous living. [...] Michael Faraday\u2019s life stands as a testament to Aristotle\u2019s notion that \"we are what we repeatedly do.\" He was not born into excellence; he cultivated it through habit. His ceaseless efforts, driven by an innate curiosity and honed through years of disciplined work, turned him into one of the most influential scientists in history. Faraday\u2019s journey illustrates that excellence is not an instantaneous accomplishment but the fruit of a lifelong commitment to consistent action and perpetual learning.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A book of Hunter Biden\u2019s laptop contents sold", "evidence": "- ^ D'Zurilla, Christie (April 2, 2021). \"Hunter Biden will talk about drug intervention, notorious laptop in CBS interviews\". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 15, 2021. [...] - ^ Friedman, Roger (April 16, 2021). \"Hunter Biden's \"Beautiful Things\" is a Sales Bust\". RealClearBooks. Retrieved October 13, 2023. - ^ \"Book Marks reviews of Beautiful Things: A Memoir by Hunter Biden\". Book Marks. Retrieved July 8, 2023.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims two victims of the Sept. 11, 2001 terror attack were purportedly identified by their DNA 22 years later", "evidence": "New York City officials have identified two more victims of the September 11 terror attacks on the World Trade Center, just days before the 22nd memorial anniversary of the attacks. The man and woman identified are the 1,648th and 1,649th victims identified by the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, according to a news release from the mayor\u2019s office. The two were identified through advanced DNA testing of their remains, says the release. [...] The man was identified through DNA testing of remains recovered in 2001 and the woman through DNA testing of remains recovered in 2001, 2006, and 2013, says the release.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Megan Rapinoe has been released from the U.S. Olympic team", "evidence": "This claim is inaccurate. It originates from a satirical website.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that John Adams said, \"There are two ways to conquer and enslave a nation. One is by sword. The other is by debt.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence Adams said or wrote the statement.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Thomas Jefferson once said, \"The reason Christianity is the best friend of Government is because Christianity is the only religion that changes the heart.\"", "evidence": "The Founding Fathers of America said a lot about Christianity and the morals that it gave the masses. There is historical documentation and websites full of what they had to say on the subject. This article covers those Founding Fathers\u2019 quotes on the matter. [...] The Founding Father and President Thomas Jefferson were quoted as saying, \"The reason that Christianity is the best friend of government is because Christianity is the only religion that changes the heart.\" [...] The founders didn\u2019t want the government to play favorites, choosing one sect of the Christian faith above another. As Jefferson said, \"I am for freedom of religion, and against all maneuvers to bring about the legal ascendency of one sect over another.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims Muhammad Ali said, \"Impossible is just a big word thrown around by small men who find it easier to live in the world they're given than to explore the power they have to change it.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Muhammad Ali Say This Quote About The \u2018Impossible\u2019? An image shared on Facebook credits professional boxer Muhammad Ali with saying, \"Impossible is just a big word thrown around by small men who find it easier to live in the world they\u2019re given than to explore the power they have to change it.\" [...] Impossible is not a fact. It\u2019s an opinion. Impossible is not a declaration. It\u2019s a dare. Impossible is potential. Impossible is temporary.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\u2019s \"4th husband\" filed for divorce.", "evidence": "On March 21, 2019, the \"taters gonna tate\" website published an article positing that the fourth husband of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi had recently filed for divorce: Nancy Pelosi\u2019s 4th Husband Files for Divorce: \u2018I Just Can\u2019t Take It Anymore\u2019 Nancy Pelosi will be in divorce court for a fourth time later this month, to settle her marital disputes with her current husband, Chester McNally Pelosi. Chester claims that Pelosi\u2019s rules are too strict and that he simply can not handle the constant relapses into alcoholism.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims that Irish playwright Oscar Wilde once stated, \"Be yourself; everyone else is already taken.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Oscar Wilde Say, \u2018Be Yourself; Everyone Else Is Already Taken\u2019? An image shared on Facebook claims that Irish playwright Oscar Wilde once stated, \"Be yourself; everyone else is already taken.\" [...] The Oscar Wilde Society Chairman Donald Mead confirmed to the DCNF in an email that the quote is not genuine, writing, \"This is definitely not Oscar. It is all over the internet with no source.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "McDonald\u2019s will give two free Big Mac meals to everyone who shares a specific link", "evidence": "The link appears to be a scam. A spokesperson for McDonald\u2019s confirmed that the coupon is \u201cnot a legitimate offer.\u201d", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Nelson Mandela said, \"Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure.\"", "evidence": "Nov 9, 2007 \u2013 Mr Nelson Mandela is an often quoted individual; his inspirational words are often referred to in numerous publications, television and radio broadcasts, and online. However, a quote commonly attributed to Mr Mandela was in fact never uttered by him. In her book A return to love: Reflections on the principles of a course in miracles, Ms Marianne Williamson writes \"Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. This quote, and especially Williamson\u2019s closing words \"As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others,\" is often incorrectly credited to Mr Mandela. [...] Nevertheless, the Nelson Mandela Foundation still receives requests to use these quotes as Mr Mandela\u2019s words. \"As far as I know, he has never used the quote in any of his speeches,\" says Ms Razia Saleh, an archivist at the Foundation, \"and we have catalogued about 1 000 thus far.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A satanic-themed hotel is opening in Texas", "evidence": "The claim: A satanic hotel is opening in Texas [...] \"This is a satanic hotel located in Plano,Texas this brand new hotel will open June 6 at 6pm \u2013 666 (sic),\" reads the caption on the post. [...] - Steve Stoler, March 15, Email exchange with USA TODAY - Ink Poisoning, March 4, Instagram post - The Dallas Observer, Feb. 28, The Satanic Hotel in Plano Was Just a Joke That Got Out of Control - Ink Poisoning, Feb. 22, Instagram post - Reuters, March 10, Fact Check-Images of satanic-themed hotel are AI art; they do not show a business opening in Texas", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show a tsunami that followed a recent earthquake in Turkey", "evidence": "Based on the field surveys by Yal\u00e7iner et al. (2017), a moderate tsunami was generated following the earthquake reaching a maximum runup of 1.9 m along a dry stream at Gumbet bay (West of Bodrum, Turkey) and producing an average runup of ~ 0.6 m in the near-field around the city of Bodrum which flooded many nearshore restaurants and damaged boats mainly in the Gumbet bay (Yal\u00e7iner et al. 2017). A maximum runup of 1.5 m was observed in Kos Island (Yal\u00e7iner et al. 2017). No death was reported due to the tsunami. Details of the tsunami field survey are available in Yal\u00e7iner et al. (2017). Tsunami warnings were disseminated by the Tsunami Service Providers (TSPs) within the Intergovernmental Coordination Group, North East Atlantic, Mediterranean and Connected seas Tsunami Warning System (ICG/NEAMTWS). The EMSC disseminated a twitter message advising local people to avoid beaches, despite having no mandate for disseminating such a message and being out of their area of competence.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims that Mark Twain once said, \"If voting made a difference, they wouldn't let us do it.\"", "evidence": "The Apocryphal Twain: \"If voting made any difference, they wouldn\u2019t let us do it.\" [...] Twain was not cynical about elections because he believed they couldn\u2019t make a difference, but because he believed his countrymen failed to appreciate the difference they could make. [...] By the mid-\u201980s, the sentiment was ingrained enough in the British Labour Party, than Ken Livingstone gave the book associated with his first campaign for Parliament the ironic title, If Voting Made A Difference, They\u2019d Abolish It (1987).", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Tom Jones is suffering from health problems and had to cancel shows.", "evidence": "Retro pop icon Tom Jones is postponing a U.S. concert tour due to health concerns, the 77-year-old Welshman told fans Saturday via Twitter. Jones, whose career spans six decades, was scheduled to start an ambitious Stateside tour on Sept. 6 in Pennsylvania, but on the advice of his physicians will now embark on those shows in May and June of 2018. The singer did not disclose the medical problem that prompted the change in plans. Tickets for the 2017 shows will be honored for the new dates or can be turned in for refunds. [...] Jones has been struggling emotionally since the 2016 death of his wife Linda, to whom he\u2019d been married for 57 years.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "purports Liz Cheney was allegedly hanged at Guantanamo Bay", "evidence": "[41] \"Cheney: Gitmo Holds \u2018Worst of the Worst,\u2019\" The Associated Press, June 1, 2009, https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna31052241.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims Albert Einstein said, \"We all know that light travels faster than sound. That's why certain people appear bright until you hear them speak.\"", "evidence": "This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak. \u2013 Alan Dundes - War does not determine who is right \u2013 only who is left. \u2013 Bertrand Russell - A bus station is where a bus stops. A train station is where a train stops. On my desk, I have a work station. \u2013 William Faulkner - A clear conscience is usually the sign of a bad memory. \u2013 Doyle Brunson - You do not need a parachute to skydive. You only need a parachute to skydive twice.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that psychiatrist Viktor Frankl once stated, \"Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom.\"", "evidence": "The statement appears nowhere in Frankl\u2019s written works.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that \"Fight Club\" contains the line, \"We buy things we don't need with money we don't have to impress people we don't like.\"", "evidence": "2) We buy things we don\u2019t need with money we don\u2019t have to impress people we don\u2019t like. [...] Americanism: Using money you haven\u2019t earned to buy things you don\u2019t need to impress people you don\u2019t like. [...] People often spend money on things they don\u2019t need to impress people they don\u2019t like.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Donald Trump Claimed to not know who gave Fauci the commendation", "evidence": "Donald Trump\u2019s claim about Fauci\u2019s comments on travel restrictions and mask usage leave out important context. The White House and Trump\u2019s reelection campaign did not respond to our queries asking for more information. [...] Despite Trump\u2019s displeasure with Fauci, Fauci is a popular figure. Trump\u2019s campaign even touts Fauci\u2019s statements throughout the pandemic as proof that Trump acted effectively to combat the crisis. The campaign featured a few seconds of a Fauci interview in an ad, although out of context. Trump\u2019s recent claims about Fauci leave out key information and misrepresent the facts.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims to be hosting a giveaway of free Chick-fil-A for a year.", "evidence": "This Facebook post is not associated with the Chick-fil-A brand and does not represent a real, ongoing contest.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Albert Einstein once said, \"The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.\"", "evidence": "The real problem with this quote is that it\u2019s always misquoted! Most believe the quote to be: . . . doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. The problem with this misquote is that, logically speaking, one can, and usually does, do the same thing over and over, getting different results each time. The Laws of Thermal Dynamics teach us this, and it is the foundation of Chaos Theory. For example, when someone shuffles a deck of cards over and over, in exactly the same way each time, the odds of the top card being the ace of spades each time are astronomically low; and each time the cards are shuffled the odds get lower. Therefore, one should expect different results. Einstein most certainly did not say this version of the quote\u2013he would have known better than that! This isn\u2019t the definition of insanity, it\u2019s the definition of the Laws of Thermal Dynamics. The actual quote, whoever said it, is: THE DEFINITION OF INSANITY IS DOING THE SAME THING OVER AND OVER AND GETTING THE SAME RESULT, BUT EXPECTING A DIFFERENT ONE.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Steve Harvey made a long statement calling President Donald Trump \"the only guy who seems to understand what the people want.\"", "evidence": "No credible sources link this statement to Harvey. The statement originally came from an anonymous letter published on a conservative website.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A Turning Point USA meme claims a quote about socialized medicine is attributable to Vladimir Lenin", "evidence": "The Daily Caller News Foundation found no evidence of Lenin ever making this statement.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Joe Biden cut the federal deficit by 1.7 trillion", "evidence": "President Joe Biden claimed he cut the federal debt by $1.7 trillion within his first two years in office during remarks delivered on Aug. 16, the anniversary of the Inflation Act. [...] Biden claimed during a speech on Aug. 16 that he cut the federal deficit by $1.7 trillion before saying he cut the debt by $1.7 trillion. Biden said,\"Unlike the last president, in my first two years in office, we actually cut the federal debt, the deficit, by $1.7 trillion. The first two years \u2014 we cut the debt by $1.7 trillion.\" [...] The claim that Biden decreased the deficit is also misleading. While the deficit for fiscal year 2022 is $1.6 trillion, down from $2.77 trillion in 2021 according to Fiscal Data, the cut was mainly due a decrease in spending from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Democratic presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. claimed during an interview with Fox News host Sean Hannity that 300,000 Ukrainian troops have died during the conflict.", "evidence": "Democratic presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. ripped what he called the \"bad decisions\" coming out of the White House under President Biden, but stopped short of saying whether he thinks the president is fit to serve as commander in chief. [...] Hannity pressed Kennedy, noting the Democratic Party's \"reluctance\" to point out Biden's gaffes, and asked again if he really thought Biden is \"up to the job.\" [...] RFK JR SAYS \u2018CORPORATE MEDIA\u2019 HAS ATTACKED HIM \u2018EVEN MORE THAN PRESIDENT TRUMP\u2019", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims Bill Gates said, \"I will always choose a lazy person to do a hard job. Because he will find an easy way to do it.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence that Gates ever said or wrote this expression.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Bohemian novelist Franz Kafka once stated, \"Follow your most intense obsessions mercilessly.\"", "evidence": "How to write like Kafka: \"Follow your most intense obsessions mercilessly\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Thomas Jefferson said, \"Do you want to know who you are? Act! Action will delineate and define you!\"", "evidence": "Accessibility in the News- Knowledge is Power \"Do you want to know who you are? Don\u2019t ask. Action will delineate and define you..\" \u2015 Thomas Jefferson", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "President Donald Trump's campaign claimed that 2024 Democratic vice presidential nominee and Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz was wrong to say that he was in Hong Kong right before the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre.", "evidence": "In a viral moment from his introduction as the Democratic vice presidential candidate, Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz took a political and personal jab at former President Donald Trump over crime. [...] The last part of Walz\u2019s statement referred to Trump\u2019s May conviction on 34 counts of falsifying business records in a scheme to cover up a hush money payment to adult film actor Stormy Daniels before the 2016 presidential election. [...] Tim Walz, remarks at a rally in Philadelphia, Aug. 6, 2024", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims that Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw once stated, \"If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas.\"", "evidence": "But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas,\" said Irish playwright and critic George Bernard Shaw, who believed that putting ideas together gives you more food for thought. Exchange of ideas or brainstorming is a powerful technique used by organizations, groups and individuals to create new and meaningful ideas by sharing and discussing them. It can also be used to refine existing ideas, solve problems and encourage collaboration within teams. [...] Group sessions can be intimidating for those who work better alone -", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The United Nations have a New World Order Website", "evidence": "The claim: The United Nations will establish a 'new world order' under its Agenda 21/2030 Mission Goals Is a \"new world order\" part of the UN's plan? There is evidence that the claim has circulated on social media for years, but a May repost by Facebook user Vernon Adkinson recently went viral. Over 20 goals comprise the \"new world order\" the United Nations will focus on as part of its \"Agenda 21/2030 Mission Goals,\" according to the claim. Items on the agenda include one world government; a single cashless currency; government-owned and controlled schools, colleges and universities and an end to single-family homes.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Irish poet and playwright Oscar Wilde once stated, \"Some cause happiness wherever they go; others whenever they go.\"", "evidence": "Quote of Oscar Wilde - Some cause happiness wherever they go... Biography - Oscar Wilde: [...] Oscar Wilde also said...", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "purports Florida has awarded 11,000 teachers more than $33 million for completing civics training offered by the Florida Dept. of Education", "evidence": "In a post shared on Twitter, Florida Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis purports the state has awarded 11,000 teachers more than $33 million for completing civics training offered by the Florida Department of Education. [...] \"Florida has awarded 11,000 teachers more than $33 million for completing civics training offered by @EducationFL,\" DeSantis wrote in a Jul. 9 tweet that has been viewed more than 500,000 times. \"Congratulations to all the educators who have finished this training and received bonuses \u2013 we are glad you are taking civics seriously!\" he said. A press release shared to both DeSantis\u2019 and the Florida Department of Education\u2019s websites indeed confirms that 11,000 teachers have received $33 million for completing the training. The teachers who received the money either participated in the Summer Civics Professional Learning Series or the Civics Seal of Excellence Endorsement, according to the same release.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Says Thomas Jefferson once said, \"That government is best which governs the least, because its people discipline themselves.\"", "evidence": "\"That government is best which governs the least, because its people discipline themselves,\" reads the quote attributed to Jefferson, over the image of a waving American flag. [...] To quote Anna Berkes, the research librarian at the Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello in Virginia, \"That sounds like something that he might have said or written, but in fact, he did not.\" [...] Or, as librarian and Jefferson researcher Eyler Robert Coates concludes, the attribution may belie a misunderstanding of Jefferson\u2019s views. Coates argues the quote does not represent Jefferson because of its vague, abstract use of \"best\" and \"least.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Orthodox relics from Kyiv, Ukraine are set to be auctioned at the Osenat Auction House in France on Oct. 1", "evidence": "Russia\u2019s spy chief claimed Monday that Ukraine and the United Nations have agreed to remove holy relics from a revered Kyiv monastery to Europe to protect them from alleged Russian attacks. Kyiv however denied that any relics would leave Ukrainian territory. [...] \"According to the SVR, the Kyiv authorities and representatives of [the UN\u2019s cultural cooperation body] UNESCO reached an agreement on the removal of Christian valuables, including holy relics, from the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra,\" Naryshkin said.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin once said, \"If we can effectively kill the national pride and patriotism of just one generation, we will have won that country.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller News Foundation found no evidence that Lenin ever said or wrote this quote. [...] An internet search revealed that the quote has been attributed to several Soviet-era figures, including Lenin, dictator Joseph Stalin and Stalin\u2019s secret police chief Lavrentiy Beria. However, a search of the Marxist Internet Archive, an online database of the writings of various influential Marxists, turned up no instances where this statement appears. (RELATED: Did Vladimir Lenin Say \u2018Socialized Medicine Is The Keystone To The Arch Of A Socialist State\u2019?) [...] Multiple Lenin experts also dismissed the notion that he ever said the quote. \"The content of the quote goes completely against Lenin\u2019s ideas,\" Christopher Read, a professor at the University of Warwick and author of \"Lenin: A Revolutionary Life,\" told TheDCNF.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Rep. Eric Swalwell instantly faced charges after allegedly lying to Rep. Jim Jordan", "evidence": "The video\u2019s caption does not match its contents. The original video shows a February 2023 House Judiciary Committee hearing on the Oversight Plan for the 118th Congress.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "claims American author Agatha Christie said, \"The secret of getting ahead is getting started.\"", "evidence": "When it comes to productivity and success, execution trumps all. No matter how well you\u2019ve designed your mission/vision statement or planned out your strategy, nothing happens if you don\u2019t get it done. Ultimately, I think mystery writer Agatha Christie said it best: \"The secret of getting ahead is getting started.\" Christie took her own advice to heart, writing 72 books, 15 short story collections, and a long-running play, The Mousetrap. She\u2019s still the best-selling novelist of all time, four decades after her death. And she accomplished all this while indulging her love for archaeology, spending many summers working digs in the Middle East. [...] Stop dragging your heels and get to it, selecting the easiest path to success, exercising simplicity, careful direction, practicality, speed, and flexibility on the way.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims Jeff Foxworthy created a series of statements distinguishing Republicans from Democrats", "evidence": "This essay was widely circulated around the Internet in early 2013 with an \"Attributed to Jeff Foxworthy\" tag at its start, leading many to believe it was actually the work of that comedian, Snopes.com said. [...] As Snopes.com notes, Foxworthy's material is typically self-deprecating, much more apolitical and non-partisan than the circulated list. But Foxworthy's name seems to be a popular one to attach to similar political pieces.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that author Kurt Vonnegut said, \"Be soft. Do not let the world make you hard. Do not let the pain make you hate. Do not let the bitterness steal your sweetness.\"", "evidence": "This passage was actually written by Iain Thomas in 2007 and later published in his poetry collection \u201cI Wrote This For You.\u201d", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show 15-minute city speed gates that have been installed in Vancouver", "evidence": "The 15-minute city isn\u2019t about the minutes spent moving The 15-minute city should not be seen as a blueprint for development, but rather an aspiration. Similar concepts have been packaged and popularized for decades, from garden cities to new urbanism, all offering planners of the time principles for creating the \"optimal city.\" Each has faced challenges accounting for diversity and conflict, and fall short of addressing social and economic issues through their focus solely on the design of space. The Proximity City will face a similar downfall if taken at face value and applied superficially; pasting a cookie cutter copy over the top of places manifested by years of path dependency and development history. Instead, as practitioners it\u2019s crucial we view the Proximity City as simply a framework to uncover and explore the elements and amenities of a city, neighborhood, or street, that enriches our lives, and aim to create a relationship among these elements.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said, \"If food runs scarce, it's okay to eat pets.\"", "evidence": "There is no record of Ocasio-Cortez making the remark. The quote came from a satirical article.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Jimmy Carter said, \"If you don't want your tax dollars to help the poor \u2013 then stop saying you want a country based on Christian values, because you don't.\"", "evidence": "Quote about tax dollars, the poor and Christianity was not said by Jimmy Carter [...] The quote, posted on Facebook along with a photograph of Carter, says: \"If you don\u2019t want your tax dollars to help the poor, then stop saying you want a country based on Christian values, because you don\u2019t.\" [...] Snopes, Jimmy Carter on Helping the Poor, Feb. 27, 2014", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Trump said 'Israel has hypnotized the world'", "evidence": "CLAIM: A clip shows former President Donald Trump saying at a rally that \"Israel has hypnotized the world\" and has committed \"evil-doings.\" [...] THE FACTS: As fighting continued on the fourth day of the latest Israel-Hamas war, some on social media shared the misleadingly edited clip to suggest that Trump had spoken out against Israel. \"Israel has hypnotized the world,\" the clip shows Trump saying amid boos from the crowd. \"May Allah awaken the people and help them to see the evil-doings of Israel and the United States.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer once stated, \"It\u2019s racist to only allow citizens to vote.\"", "evidence": "No, Chuck Schumer didn't say it is racist to only allow citizens to vote [...] \"Chuck Schumer slams President Trump: \u2018it\u2019s racist to only allow citizens to vote,\" said an April 3 headline on Federer Now, a right-wing blog. [...] Viral News Political, \"Chuck Schumer SLAMS President Trump : \"It\u2019s Racist To Only Allow Citizens To Vote,\" Feb. 15, 2018", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims Trey Gowdy made a statement defending the transgender military ban", "evidence": "Trey Gowdy on Transgender Ban: Nobody Has Right to Serve in Military-Incorrect Attribution! Congressman Trey Gowdy (R-SC) said \"nobody has the right to serve in the military\" in defense of the transgender military ban announced by President Trump in July 2017. [...] After scouring news reports, we couldn\u2019t find any public comments or statements released by Trey Gowdy on the transgender military ban. Of course, that doesn\u2019t mean that he didn\u2019t make them, but we can definitively say that the statement that \"nobody has a right to serve in the military\" did not come from Gowdy.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The New York Times reported that \u201cBarbie\u201d director Greta Gerwig was unhappy with movie character Ken into an icon", "evidence": "From the Magazine Digital Covers \u2018Barbie\u2019 Director Greta Gerwig Addresses Right-Wing Backlash and Reveals How She Knew Ryan Gosling was Her Perfect Ken The director wants \"everybody to be part of the party\" By Angel Saunders Angel Saunders Angel Saunders has been a writer at PEOPLE since 2023. She\u2019s previously worked at iHeartMedia, IndieWire, and REVOLT. People Editorial Guidelines Updated on July 26, 2023 02:45PM EDT Close Ryan Gosling, Margot Robbie, and 'Barbie' director Greta Gerwig. Photo: Jaap Buitendijk Barbie has proven to be a box office hit. The Mattel-themed movie became the biggest debut ever for a film directed by a woman after earning a reported $162 million during its opening weekend, per Variety. But that doesn\u2019t mean filmmaker Greta Gerwig has had it easy since the blockbuster\u2019s July 21 release. \"I wanted to make something anarchic and wild and funny and cathartic, and the idea that it\u2019s actually being received that way, it\u2019s sort of extraordinary,\" Gerwig, 39, said while discussing the inspiration for the film in an interview published by the New York Times on Tuesday.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that 40 percent of Iowa's incarcerated population is black.", "evidence": "While Iowa\u2019s incarcerated population is disproportionately black, a 2018 report from the state\u2019s Department of Human Rights estimated that around 25 percent of those incarcerated are black, not 40 percent. About 4 percent of the population in Iowa is black, according to Census Bureau data.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Sen. Mitt Romney has purportedly 'resigned in disgrace'", "evidence": "Romney Criticizes Gingrich: He Resigned In 'Disgrace' [...] ROMNEY: And at the end of four years it was proven that he was a failed leader. And he had to resign in disgrace. I don't know whether you knew that. [...] ROMNEY: He actually resigned after four years in disgrace. He was investigated under an ethics panel and had to make a payment associated with that, and then his fellow Republicans, 88 percent of his Republicans, voted to reprimand Speaker Gingrich.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A bill would revoke custody from parents who refused gender-affirming care", "evidence": "If passed, it would change state custody statutes to include access to gender-affirming care as a consideration, giving Minnesota courts jurisdiction over certain cases. [...] At the hearing, several parents of trans youth spoke in support of the bill. Attorney Hao Nguyen, a Vietnamese immigrant and parent to a trans child, said Minnesota has a responsibility to be a leader when it comes to protecting gender-affirming care. [...] \"HF 146 takes away custody from parents or guardians who deny their children access to gender-affirming health care,\" said Rebecca Delahunt, assistant director of public policy for the Minnesota Family Council.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims that playwright William Shakespeare once stated, \"Expectation is the root of all heartache.\"", "evidence": "Download Solution PDF'Expectation is the root of all heartache' is a quote by __________. [...] Download Solution PDF'Expectation is the root of all heartache' is a quote by William Shakespeare. - William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright and actor of the Renaissance era.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims that George Washington once said, \"Agriculture is the most healthful, most useful and most noble employment of man.\"", "evidence": "President George Washington \"The farmer is the only man in our economy who buys everything at retail, sells everything at wholesale, and pays the freight both ways.\" [...] President George Washington \"Agriculture\u2026is our wisest pursuit, because it will in the end contribute most to real wealth, good morals, and happiness.\" President Thomas Jefferson \"\u2026no other human occupation opens so wide a field for the profitable and agreeable combination of labor with cultivated thought, as agriculture.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Marilyn Monroe once stated, \"Give a girl the right shoes and she can conquer the world.\"", "evidence": "File:Give a girl the right shoes, and she can conquer the world. - Marilyn Monroe - Flickr - Dr. Santulan Mahanta.jpg", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Italian doctor Sergio Kerr was arrested for murdering more than 3,000 coronavirus patients", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Was An Italian Doctor Arrested For Murdering Over 3,000 Coronavirus Patients? An article shared on Facebook claims that Italian doctor Sergio Kerr was arrested for murdering more than 3,000 coronavirus patients. [...] \"Italy arrest Doctor for intentionally killing over 3,000 coronavirus patients,\" reads the headline of the story from News NT, a self-described \"breaking news\" blog. The deaths purportedly occurred after Kerr ignored \"the approved medical procedures for treating coronavirus patients,\" according to the article.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims President Lincoln once stated, \"It\u2019s not the years in your life that count. It\u2019s the life in your years.\"", "evidence": "The rhetorical technique of reversing word order in successive clauses is called antimetabole. In this case, \"years in your life\" was transformed into \"life in your years\", and the contrast between the two subphrases was highlighted. [...] At another he declared: \"Don\u2019t be afraid to live, to live hard and fast, because it is not the years in your life, but the life in your years that count.\" [...] It is not the years in your life but the life in your years that counts.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Blake Shelton canceled a $30 million contract with Country Music Television", "evidence": "On July 21, 2023, the Dunning-Kruger Times published an article positing that country singer Blake Shelton had backed out of a lucrative project with CMT because the network refused to play a music video by Jason Aldean: Blake Shelton Cancels $30 Million Project With CMT: \"Jason Is My Friend\" Country Music Television (CMT) is still paying the price for canceling Jason Aldean's video \"Try That In a Small Town.\" In what may be the most crushing blow yet, country megastar Blake Shelton has announced that he's backing out of a $30 million project with the network.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims that actor Tom Selleck \"praised\" Donald Trump in a \"meeting\" with Breitbart", "evidence": "Actor Tom Selleck is Red Pilled. [...] Hollywood legend Tom Selleck has praised Donald J. Trump as President of the United States. In a meeting with Breitbart News, the legendary American actor stated: \"I\u2019m completely sure that he is the best so far. [...] Hollywood legend Tom Selleck has praised Donald J. Trump as President of the United States.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "purports to show President Joe Biden with a bruise on his forehead while meeting with NATO in Poland", "evidence": "A number of posts on social media claim that US President Joe Biden has been seen with a large bruise on his forehead, prompting some claims that he is unfit to lead the country. One Facebook user wrote: \"Look at the bruise on Joe Biden's head. That wasn't there earlier. I bet you he fell in Poland. His doctor is lying about his health and should have his medical license [sic] revoked if he thinks Biden is ok. We are in such danger with Biden.\" But the mark on Mr Biden\u2019s forehead isn\u2019t a bruise. As a practising Catholic, the president marked Ash Wednesday (on 22 February this year) with a private Mass in his hotel room in Warsaw during his trip to Poland.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that fast food chain Chick-fil-A will now open on Sundays, but \u201conly for black people.\u201d", "evidence": "Chick-fil-A restaurants remain closed on Sundays. The claim originates from a satire website.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "An African President shared is support for Trump after he was arrested", "evidence": "Historic Trump mugshot released after arrest in Atlanta, Georgia - Published [...] One of Mr Trump's co-defendants - the leader of Black Voices for Trump, Harrison Floyd - is being held in custody after turning himself in on Thursday without a bail agreement, court officials say.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims Winston Churchill said, \"Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.\"", "evidence": "Winston Churchill, a renowned British statesman and leader, once famously said, \"Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.\" This profound quote highlights the dual nature of courage as not only the ability to bravely express oneself but also the willingness to humble oneself and listen to others. In a world where speaking up is often celebrated, Churchill's words remind us of the equal significance of listening. To truly understand and connect with others, one must possess the courage to speak up for what they believe in, as well as the humility and open-mindedness to lend an ear and consider different perspectives.As we delve deeper into the complexities of courage and its role in communication, an unexpected philosophical concept emerges - the concept of the \"Courageous Silence.\" This concept challenges the conventional notion of courage by emphasizing the power of silence and contemplation as a form of strength and courage in itself.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "ABC has canceled 'The View'", "evidence": "A post shared on Twitter claims ABC has canceled talk show \"The View\" due to low viewership. Canceled: ABC Removes \"The View\" From Its 2024 Roster: \"Nobody Watches Anymore\" [...] There is no evidence ABC has canceled \"The View.\" The claim stems from a satirical website.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Chick-fil-A donated $1.8 million to Anti-LGBTQ groups after promising not to", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Chick-fil-A Donate To Anti-LGBT Organizations After Promising Not To? A post shared on social media purports that the fast food chain Chick-fil-A has donated $1.8 million to anti-LGBT groups despite their previous claims to end donations to those organizations. [...] \"After promising no to,\" the caption reads. \"Chick-fil-A donates another $1.8 million to anti-LGBTQ groups.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims Thomas Paine said, \"Give to every other human being every right that you claim for yourself.\"", "evidence": "Thomas Paine was a pamphleteer, controversialist and international revolutionary. His Common Sense (1776) was a central text behind the call for American independence from Britain; his Rights of Man (1791\u20132) was the most widely read pamphlet in the movement for reform in Britain in the 1790s and for the opening decades of the nineteenth century; he was active in the French Revolution and was a member of the French National Convention between 1792 and 1795; he is seen by many as a key figure in the emergence of claims for the state\u2019s responsibilities for welfare and educational provision, and his Age of Reason provided a popular deist text that remained influential throughout the 19th century. In his own lifetime, and subsequently, he has been extensively vilified and often dismissed. Yet many of his ideas still command wide interest and enthusiasm in readers throughout the world. [...] - James, J. G., 1988, \u2018Thomas Paine\u2019s iron bridge work, 1785\u20131803\u2019, Newcomen Society Transactions, 57: 189\u2013221 - Kates, G., 1989, \u2018From liberalism to radicalism: Tom Paine\u2019s Rights of man\u2019, Journal of the History of Ideas, 50: 569\u201387. [...] - Lamb, R., 2015, Thomas Paine and the Idea of Human Rights, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that Albert Einstein once said, \"Two things inspire me to awe \u2013 the starry heavens above and the moral universe within.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence that this expression originated with Einstein.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Republican presidential candidate Vivek Ramaswamy claimed in a July 12 interview that he voted for the first time in 2020.", "evidence": "In June, as the sun set on Dublin, Ohio, a well-to-do suburb of Columbus, several dozen people dressed in golf shirts and floral shifts filed into a small auditorium to listen to a talk by a new neighbor. Vivek Ramaswamy, a thirty-seven-year-old entrepreneur, had settled in the area with his wife and toddler son after making a large fortune as the founder of a biotech company. Now, thanks to dozens of appearances on Fox News to criticize \"cultural totalitarianism\" enforced by liberal \u00e9lites, he was closing in on fame as a conservative pundit. In the past year, he had cast aspersions on Black Lives Matter and \"the death of merit\"; mask mandates and U.S.-border protection; public-school curricula and the actor Jussie Smollett. All the flame-throwing had established him, in the words of one anchor, as the network\u2019s \"woke and cancel-culture guru.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Former Republican Texas Representative Will Hurd claimed in an August 13 interview that 141 people drowned in the Rio Grande river in 2022.", "evidence": "A 32-year-old Mexican woman died painfully, hanging upside down, while attempting to rappel down the border wall near Douglas, Arizona on April 11. Mexican authorities recovered the body of a 52-year-old Nicaraguan man who drowned in the Rio Grande along with his adult son. Luis Alberto Jim\u00e9nez and his son \"are added to about 10 Nicaraguans who have perished in the Rio Grande\u2019s waters during the first three months of 2022,\" reportsNicaragua Investiga. Agence France Presse profiled a swim instructor in Estel\u00ed, Nicaragua who is giving free lessons to people planning to migrate, so that they might avoid drowning in the Rio Grande. Most of his pupils are single mothers planning to flee with their children. [...] In a new book Will Hurd, who represented a west Texas border district in Congress, tells of taking other Republican representatives to visit the border: \"Some were nervous when I took them into Mexico. Many were expecting the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993, with shootouts in the streets like Black Hawk Down.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Italy has replaced Pride month with 'Family Pride Month'", "evidence": "From the outside, following its change of government and move to the far-right, Italy appears dramatically different to a year ago, putting extra emphasis on its second ever LGBT History Month, as Andrea Carlo reports. This month, Italy celebrates its second LGBT History Month, with a variety of events and seminars being held in its honour throughout the coming weeks. [...] Italy remains western Europe\u2019s weakest link on LGBT issues \u2013 lacking same-sex marriage, for instance. Nevertheless, broader acceptance of the community has grown by leaps and bounds over the past decade.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that author Charles Dickens once said, \"Happiness is a gift and the trick is not to expect it but to delight in it when it comes.\"", "evidence": "25 Quotes By Writer Charles Dickens Reminding You To Enjoy Every Second Of Your Life [...] Charles Dickens is one of those classic writers that you probably read when you were in school (think A Tale of Two Cities, Oliver Twist, or Great Expectations...) and then didn\u2019t think too much of it after that. But you may be surprised to realize how many of his famous quotes and sayings made their way on to your computer screens, your Pinterest inspo boards and into your daily motivational routines. [...] As long as you always let yourself feel and enjoy, you\u2019ll have a good life. So keep reading for some of Charles Dickens\u2019 best quotes about life, love, and everything in between.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims two pipeline workers in Chicago were purportedly given water bottles laced with fentanyl", "evidence": "July 21, 2023 \u2013 A flyer with SDG&E\u2019s logo circulating on Facebook claims two workers for a local flagging company during extreme heat were given water bottles by a stranger. \"Apparently, the water bottles were laced with Fentanyl. Sadly, one of the flaggers died and the other is in critical condition after ingesting the water,\" the flyer headlined \"Non-SDG&E Contractor Incident Alert\" states.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "A post shared on Instagram claims to show a Ukrainian tank disguised as a house.", "evidence": "The house on wheels was created by a civilian. It was created before the Russian invasion of Ukraine.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "claims actor Clint Eastwood authored a long statement in favor of President Donald Trump that starts by saying, \"I love when people call Trump Stupid.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: \u2018I Love When People Call Trump Stupid\u2019 \u2013 Did Clint Eastwood Author This Statement About Trump? An image shared on Facebook more than 12,000 times claims actor Clint Eastwood authored a long statement in favor of President Donald Trump that starts by saying, \"I love when people call Trump Stupid.\" [...] \"I love when people call Trump Stupid,\" reads the beginning of Eastwood\u2019s alleged statement. \"You mean the multi-billionaire who kicked every Democrats (sic) butt, buried 16 career Republican politicians, and continues to make fools out of once reputable news organizations.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "one of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\u2019s daughters sits on the board of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts", "evidence": "Nancy Pelosi is the 52nd Speaker of the House of Representatives, having made history in 2007 when she was elected the first woman to serve as Speaker of the House. Now in her third term as Speaker, Pelosi made history again in January 2019 when she regained her position second-in-line to the presidency, the first person to do so in more than 60 years. For 31 years, Speaker Pelosi has represented San Francisco, California\u2019s 12th Congressional District, in Congress. She has led House Democrats for 16 years and previously served as House Democratic Whip. A distinguished record of legislative accomplishment, Pelosi has led the Congress in passing historic health insurance reform, key investments in college aid, clean energy and innovation, and initiatives to help small businesses and veterans. She has been a powerful voice for civil rights and human rights around the world for decades. Pelosi comes from a strong family tradition of public service in Baltimore.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports to show former President Donald Trump dancing with a 13-year-old girl", "evidence": "CLAIM: An image shows former President Donald Trump dancing with a teenage girl at a party at Jeffrey Epstein\u2019s private island. [...] Many are sharing an image that appears to show Trump dancing with a young girl at a party years earlier. Wearing a dark suit and tie, Trump appears to clutch the blonde-haired girl in a red dress as people mill around in the background. \"Photo of Donald Trump at Epstein\u2019s private island dancing with a 13 year old girl,\" the text superimposed over the photo reads, referring to the disgraced financier who killed himself in a New York City jail while facing federal sex trafficking and conspiracy charges in 2019.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Winston Churchill once stated, \"A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.\"", "evidence": "- An optimist finds an opportunity in every difficulty; a pessimist finds a difficulty in every opportunity - A pessimist is one who sees a disaster in every opportunity. [...] \"A pessimist,\" says the Rev. F. W. Cole, president of the Cardiff Free Church Council, \"is a man who takes every opportunity of seeing a difficulty, but the optimist is he who sees in every difficulty an opportunity.\" [...] An optimist is one who sees an opportunity in every difficulty. A pessimist is one who sees a difficulty in every opportunity.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "until the 1960s, Indigenous Australians were classified as animals under the Flora and Fauna Act", "evidence": "The Flora and Fauna Act did not exist, and there is no record of any other act legally classifying Indigenous Australians as animals. Experts said the claim is incorrect.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that William Shakespeare said, \"All glory comes from daring to begin.\"", "evidence": "Fake quotes have been in the news lately, from the Republican National Committee\u2019s Abraham Lincoln flub to the bogus Winston Churchill quote about supporting funding for the arts during World War II. Such misattribution is familiar to Shakespeare enthusiasts. Every day, fake Shakespeare quotes are being shared on social media. Here are a few examples: [...] This is a quote from poet, author, and politician Eugene F. Ware, not Shakespeare. \"All glory comes from daring to begin.\" \u2013 William Shakespeare \u2014 Great Minds Quotes (@GreatestQuotes) February 21, 2017 4. \"But for those who love, time is eternal.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "London Mayor said travel to minority House of worship are exempt from emissions-zone charge", "evidence": "If your vehicle doesn't meet the ULEZ emissions standards and isn't exempt, you need to pay a \u00a312.50 daily charge to drive within the zone. This applies to cars, motorcycles, vans and specialist vehicles (up to and including 3.5 tonnes) and minibuses (up to and including 5 tonnes). Lorries, vans or specialist heavy vehicles (all over 3.5 tonnes) and buses, minibuses and coaches (all over 5 tonnes) do not need to pay the ULEZ charge. They will need to pay the LEZ charge if they do not meet the Low Emission Zone (LEZ) emissions standard.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports Pope Francis said alcoholics, autistic and disabled people should be euthanized to 'fight climate change'", "evidence": "The claim stems from a July 28 article published on \u201cThe People\u2019s Voice,\u201d a website that is known for spreading \u201cfake news.\u201d There is no evidence Pope Francis made the purported remark.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show the U.S. chasing a Canadian unidentified flying object (UFO) in order to shoot it down", "evidence": "A U.S. fighter jet shot down an unidentified object in the skies over Canada on Prime Minister Justin Trudeau\u2019s orders Saturday, Canadian and U.S. officials confirmed. After U.S. and Canadian military aircraft were sent aloft, a U.S. F-22 shot down the object over the Yukon, Trudeau tweeted Saturday afternoon. [...] The object was shot down at 3:41 p.m. ET Saturday about 100 miles from the U.S.-Canada border and 40,000 feet aloft after crews in U.S. and Canadian aircraft put eyes on it, Anand said. She described the area as central Yukon.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said, \"Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.\"", "evidence": "\"Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference\" Winston Churchill - PMID: 18243283 - DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.12.011 \"Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference\" Winston Churchill", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Karine Jean-Pierre left a press conference after being asked about classified documents", "evidence": "The claim: Video shows Karine Jean-Pierre abruptly ending press conference to avoid answering question Some social media users are sharing a video that appears to show White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre abruptly ending a press conference after a reporter asked a question critical of President Joe Biden's energy policies. [...] Based on our research, we rate ALTERED a video that appears to show Jean-Pierre abruptly ending a press conference to avoid answering a question. In the original exchange, Jean-Pierre responded to the question and didn't end the press conference until 10 minutes later.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Progress Pride Flag has been updated to include an autism symbol", "evidence": "The Progress Pride flag includes black and brown stripes to represent marginalized LGBTQ+ communities of color, as well as the colors pink, light blue and white, which are used on the Transgender Pride Flag. The Progress Pride flag was created in 2018 by Oregon-based designer Daniel Quasar, both genderqueer and non-binary, in response to Philly's updated pride flag. Quasar added a five-colored chevron to the classic Rainbow Flag to emphasize inclusion and progression. The flag's design combines the colors and stripes from Philly's version of the pride flag and the colors of the transgender pride flag. [...] A newer version of the progress pride flag (as seen in the second image below) represents those who are intersex, people of color, and people living with AIDS was designed in 2021 by Valentino Vecchietti of Intersex Equality Rights UK, who added a yellow triangle with a purple circle (the design of the Intersex Pride Flag) to the Progress Pride Flag.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports Vivek Ramaswamy did not say he would pardon Hunter Biden if elected president", "evidence": "GOP candidate Vivek Ramaswamy says he wouldn't pardon Hunter BidenVivek Ramaswamy sits for an interview with Brianne Pfannenstiel of the Des Moines Register and Dasha Burns of NBC News in the Register newsroom.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "purports Donald Trump and Gen. James Mattis have recently sent troops to the U.S. border", "evidence": "In October, after the deaths of four American army soldiers in an ambush in Niger focused attention on a build-up of hundreds of American forces there, a deployment that began under Obama and expanded under Trump, Mattis testified that the administration had sent the troops to be trainers and advisers who would help that nation resist incursions by Islamic State fighters: \"Why did President Obama send troops there? Why did President Trump send troops there? It\u2019s because we sensed that as the physical caliphate is collapsing, the enemy is trying to move somewhere.\" Mattis added, \"We\u2019re trying to build up the internal defenses of another country so they can do this job on their own.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "claims that George Eliot said, \"It's never too late to be what you might have been.\"", "evidence": "In a recent issue of The New Yorker (February 14/21), Rebecca Mead, in an essay called \"Middlemarch and Me,\" describes her efforts to track down the origin of a saying attributed to George Eliot: \"It is never too late to be what you might have been.\" Mead first encountered the quotation on a refrigerator magnet, \"set in sans-serif type on an aquamarine starburst background.\" But, Mead writes, \"the sentence didn\u2019t sound to me like anything George Eliot would say.\" Uh oh, I thought to myself. This is going to end badly. Not only will the quote certainly prove a fake but also Mead is going to be bewildered by the discovery. No professional action will be taken. [...] With so many texts online, it may be easier than ever for amateur misquotations to breed, but it is just as easy for professionals to set the record straight. In other words, Rebecca Mead, \"It is never too late to be the Wikipedia editor that you might have been.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "President Donald Trump said, \"Immigrants, not Americans, must adapt\u2026 Take it or leave it.\"", "evidence": "In the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the U.S. in 2001, opinion pieces expressing anti-immigrant, anti-Muslim viewpoints were rife on the internet, particularly one that eventually came to be attributed to Australia's then-prime minister Julia Gillard (and, much later, U.S. President Donald Trump): [...] Quote: 'IMMIGRANTS, NOT AUSTRALIANS, MUST ADAPT... I am tired of this nation worrying about whether we are offending some individual or their culture. Since the terrorist attacks on Bali, we have experienced a surge in patriotism by the majority of Australians.' [...] 'If you aren't happy here then LEAVE. We didn't force you to come here. You asked to be here. So accept the country YOU accepted.'", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Claims that 19th century writer Margaret Fuller once stated, \"Today a reader, tomorrow a leader.\"", "evidence": "Margaret Fuller, born on May 23, 1810, in Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, was an American writer, journalist, critic, and women's rights advocate. She is well-known for her influential contributions to the feminist movement and her significant role in shaping American literature and intellectual thought in the 19th century. [...] Margaret Fuller's quote, \"Today a reader, tomorrow a leader,\" encapsulates the profound potential that lies within the act of reading. By asserting that reading today can lead to leadership tomorrow, Fuller highlights the transformative power of knowledge and literature. She suggests that being an avid reader primes individuals to become informed and intelligent, fostering critical thinking and broadening their perspectives. Reading equips individuals with an array of ideas, insights, and historical knowledge that contribute to their personal growth and development. As a result, those who invest in reading become well-equipped to tackle complex challenges, make informed decisions, and influence others positively. Ultimately, Fuller's poignant quote serves as a reminder that reading isn't simply a leisure activity but a dynamic process that can shape individuals into the leaders of tomorrow.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims the words \"Hail Satan\" printed on the bottom of an In-N-Out Burger soda cup", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did In-N-Out Burger Print \u2018Hail Satan\u2019 On Its Soda Cups? An image shared on Facebook purportedly shows the words \"Hail Satan\" printed on the bottom of an In-N-Out Burger soda cup. [...] The photo of the In-N-Out Burger cup with the words \"Hail Satan\" allegedly printed on the bottom has circulated online since at least 2010, with this particular post resharing it on Feb. 23. (RELATED: Did Burger King Admit To Using Horse Meat?)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claim that Alexis de Tocqueville said, \"The American Republic will endure until the day Congress discovers that it can bribe the public with the public's money.\"", "evidence": "\"The American Republic will endure until the day Congress discovers that it can bribe the public with the public\u2019s money.\" \u2013 Quote often attributed to Alexis de Tocqueville.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "President Joe Biden claimed in an Oct. 20 speech that Russian President Vladimir Putin is using drones and ammunition from Iran and North Korea.", "evidence": "Putin is using attack drones from Iran. While it has not been definitively proven that North Korea is supplying ammunition to Russia, experts and media outlets have said it is likely happening.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "alleges that President Andrew Jackson once stated, \"One man with courage makes a majority.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Andrew Jackson Say, \u2018One Man With Courage Makes A Majority\u2019? A Facebook post alleges that former President Andrew Jackson once said, \"One man with courage makes a majority.\" [...] The misattribution likely stems from usage of a slight variation of the quote in James Parton\u2019s 1860 three-volume biography titled \"Life of Andrew Jackson,\" according to Feller. The saying \u2013 \"desperate courage makes one a majority\" \u2013 appears on the title page of each volume in quotation marks.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Seattle Mariners player Ichiro Suzuki purportedly said, 'Chicks who dig home runs aren't the ones who appeal to me'", "evidence": "September 17, 2010You don't have to be a fan of the Seattle Mariners to be a fan of Ichiro Suzuki. After all, Ichiro is approaching his record tenth 200-hit season, and also his 10th season leading the league in singles. No one else has more than four. [...] \"Chicks who dig home runs aren\u2019t the ones who appeal to me,\" he said. \"I think there\u2019s sexiness in infield hits because they require technique. I\u2019d rather impress the chicks with my technique than with my brute strength. Then, every now and then, just to show I can do that, too, I might flirt a little by hitting one out.\" However, the appeal of Ichiro, and of the infield hit, has not been universally felt. Some, including former teammates, have called Ichiro \"selfish.\" After all, he's been known to reach out of the zone for plenty of pitches, slapping them the other way for infield singles.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Joe Biden has called for a national draft", "evidence": "The Biden administration has asked the Supreme Court not to take up a lawsuit that calls the all-male military draft unconstitutional. The brief does not state whether President Biden thinks women should be included, nor does it defend the current system, which requires only men ages 18 to 26 to submit their information should a military draft be needed again. [...] Military leaders have said the same. But Congress has been reluctant. And the last time the Supreme Court considered the issue, it ruled that it was constitutional to require only men to register.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims American writer Henry David Thoreau said, \"Be yourself- not your idea of what you think somebody else's idea of yourself should be.\"", "evidence": "This page contains quotations either misquoted or erroneously attributed to Henry D. Thoreau [...] The second half of this quotation is misattributed to Thoreau and may be a misquotation or misremembering of Oliver Wendell Holmes\u2019 (1809-1894) \"The Voiceless\": [...] Be yourself, not your idea of what you think somebody else\u2019s idea of yourself should be. \u2013 This quotation is spoken by the character of Thoreau in the 1970 play, The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail, by Robert Edwin Lee and Jerome Lawrence, but does not appear in any of Thoreau\u2019s writings.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Mel Gibson requests protection from Hollywood elites after Sound of Freedom", "evidence": "While Mel Gibson continues to be a controversial figure in Hollywood\u2014he has hit headlines in the past for making racist, antisemitic and sexist comments\u2014and is known for his commitment to the Catholic faith. [...] Perhaps in light of his documented devotion to his faith, claims have recently been shared that Gibson once accused members of a so-called Hollywood elite of torturing and murdering children, before drinking their blood in satanic rituals.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that English author C.S. Lewis once stated, \"You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.\"", "evidence": "The Four Loves, chapter 5ALSO: Perelandra, chapter 11 #2: \"You are never too old to set another goal or dream a new dream.\" [...] The Letters of C. S. Lewis to Arthur Greeves (2 November 1918). [...] Letters of C. S. Lewis (15 May 1952)", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Stephen Hahn was arrested by the military", "evidence": "Fact Check: NO Evidence That Ex-FDA 'Commisioner' Stephen Hahn Was Arrested By Military Did the military arrest former FDA \"Commisioner\" Stephen Hahn? No, there's no evidence to substantiate that: The claim was reported on a website that is well-known for making up stories about public figures. The site posts a disclaimer warning readers that it contains \"humor, parody, and satire.\" The headline on the story making the claim also misspelled commissioner as \"commisioner.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak partying", "evidence": "The claim: A video claims to show Britain\u2019s new Prime Minister Rishi Sunak dancing at a party. [...] A video of a man dancing was shared Oct. 26, 2022, on Twitter, with the caption \"Britain\u2019s new Prime Minister.\" It claims that the man dancing in the video is Rishi Sunak, U.K.\u2019s new Prime Minister. [...] - France 24, \"Debunking claims that UK PM Rishi Sunak was filmed dancing in Ibiza,\" Oct. 28, 2022.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "purports to show Donald Trump crying and talking about classified material at a recent event", "evidence": "A new report details a recording in which former President Donald Trump talks about the classified documents he transferred from the White House to his Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida. [...] CNN has obtained a transcript of the recording, which showcases that Trump was aware that at least some of the documents in his possession were classified, and that he did not declassify them as president or on his way out of the White House \u2014 statements that directly contradict his public defenses for having the documents in his possession. [...] In the recording, Trump readily admits to those in the room that the documents he has on him are classified. \"As president, I could have declassified, but now I can\u2019t,\" he said, according to the transcript.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "claims that author Isaac Asimov once stated, \"Your assumptions are your windows on the world. Scrub them off every once in a while, or the light won't come in.\"", "evidence": "In 2002 a message posted to the Usenet newsgroup php.general implausibly ascribed the quotation to Isaac Asimov:[5]2002 October 20, Usenet discussion message, Newsgroup: php.general, From: Stephanie Sullivan @violetsky.net, Subject: Re: [PHP] Newbie NN4 help\u2026 (Google Groups Search; Accessed December 27, \u2026 Continue reading \"Your assumptions are your windows on the world. [...] After all, as Alan Alda once said \"Your assumptions are your windows on the world. Scrub them off every once in awhile, or the light won\u2019t come in.\" [...] It\u2019s time to heed the wisdom of Isaac Asimov: \"Your assumptions are your windows on the world.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Pam Ayres wrote the poem \"Let\u2019s All Drink To Lockdown\" about the coronavirus pandemic", "evidence": "An Evening with Poet Jan Beaumont Jan Beaumont was our guest speaker at our recent dinner meeting. Jan is the author of \"Let\u2019s All Drink to Lockdown\" the poem that went viral around the world. Her fame with this poem spread such that she has undertaken interviews with the BBC, Australian and NZ radio networks. The poem was at some point wrongly attributed to well known funny English poet Pam Ayres. Jan was very philosophical about the mistake explaining that her main motivation in writing poetry is to make people smile. She has now added to the original poem and written and published over 300 all of which focus on the day-to-day activities in our lives. She shared her life experience and some of the poems in her presentation. She also bought some of her books along which members were keen to purchase.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims that German philosopher Immanuel Kant once said, \"Science is organized knowledge. Wisdom is organized life.\"", "evidence": "Finally, Kant\u2019s quote draws a line between science and wisdom, pointing out the nature of each as well as their repercussions. According to him, science is organized knowledge; wisdom is organized life. [...] But scientific knowledge alone does not lead to wisdom, according to Kant. Wisdom involves more than just intellectual understanding. It includes using your knowledge for practical purposes. [...] Ultimately, we\u2019re taught by Kant to engage in critical self-reflection, align our actions with reason and morality, cultivate wisdom (that is, organize our lives around ethical principles), and strive for a society based on justice and compassion.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Musk tweeted that the earth is flat", "evidence": "Flat Earth Society Claps Back at Elon Musk on Twitter In case you needed further evidence that we\u2019re all living in the Upside-Down, on Tuesday, the Flat Earth Society earnestly answered a bizarre question Elon Musk tweeted earlier in the day. Somehow, the saga just gets weirder and weirder. To backtrack, Musk had had trolled Flat Earthers with a couple of tweets, most notably, one asking why there\u2019s \"no Flat Mars society.\" As Inverse pointed out Tuesday, there does seem to be a sect of Flat Earthers who also identify at Flat Marsers, but that\u2019s beside the point.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Mitt Romney has purportedly threatened to leave the Republican Party and join the Democrats", "evidence": "Sen. Mitt Romney condemned baseless claims of election fraud as \"stupidly self-defeating and despicable\" on the heels of Tuesday\u2019s midterm that left Republicans and Democrats waiting to see who will control Congress. [...] Romney listed several issues that need bipartisan attention including inflation, federal spending, the national debt, immigration and climate change. [...] \"Excessive spending and the deficit have been the Republican Party\u2019s bugaboo for years,\" Romney said. \"But like the Democrats, we shy away from telling the American people the truth that the spending problem isn\u2019t primarily due to the annual budget.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Kansas City Chiefs co-owner Clark Hunt told his players, coach and staff that he would \"immediately fire\" anyone who does not stand for the playing of the national anthem.", "evidence": "A fake letter from Kansas City owner Clark Hunt is circulating on social media, in which Hunt allegedly prohibited his players from protesting the national anthem. [...] You will stand, with your hand over your heart and with respect, when our Country's National Anthem is being played or you will no longer be a Kansas City Chief, a Coach for the Kansas City Chiefs or any association with the Chiefs Organization! I Will immediately fire you, no matter who you are!\" You can make your political statements off the field, but when you're employed by me and I'm signing your check,", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Nancy Pelosi purportedly made a comment about how the Democratic Party uses a tactic called the 'wrap-up smear'", "evidence": "Pelosi\u2019s comments were directed at Republicans during a 2017 press briefing while she served as the House Minority Leader. Pelosi\u2019s spokesperson confirmed she accused Republicans, not Democrats, of using the \u201cwrap-up smear\u201d tactic in an email to Check Your Fact.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "a 1990s episode of \"The Simpsons\" predicted the death of George Floyd", "evidence": "As with every major world event recently, photos of George Floyd's killing that appear to be from the well-known American animated sitcom The Simpsons, have gone viral; suggesting that the show has predicted the event many years ago. [...] The Simpsons Predict Derek Chauvin Kneeling on George Floyd's Neck in 1990's Episode.https://t.co/A1hgaECCwP#JusticeforGeorgesFloyd #TheSimpsons pic.twitter.com/CsgULqIVbx \u2014 AldaRosa (@Aldarosa) June 1, 2020 [...] They predicted George Floyd\u2019s death on the Simpsons...coincidence? pic.twitter.com/oOx4W9HhlJ \u2014 Heba A. ???? (@heebz101) June 1, 2020", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "purports Colorado Republican Rep. Lauren Boebert's net worth is 'over $12 million.'", "evidence": "The claim appears to have come from the website CAknowledge.com which, among other estimates, states that \"Boebert owns over 5 real estate properties, 4 Cars, 1 Luxury Yacht: \"Lauren Boebert's Assets also includes Cash reserves of over $16 Million. Lauren Boebert also owns an investment portfolio of 10 stocks that is valued at $15 Million.\" [...] Newsweek could not find evidence to support the claim that Lauren Boebert lives in a $12 million \"luxury house\" in Florida. In the financial disclosure report, her mortgage is listed as between $250,000 to $500,000. [...] According to financial disclosure reports and other documentation, Lauren Boebert does not have a net worth of $41 million. The claim appears to come from a website that also makes a number of other bogus claims about the net worth of other politicians and public figures.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci said, \"I awoke, only to find that the rest of the world was still asleep.\"", "evidence": "This quote, \"I awoke, only to see that the rest of the world is still asleep\" is a profound statement about awareness, enlightenment, and understanding. In essence, it suggests that the speaker has experienced a kind of awakening, a new level of understanding or insight that others have not yet reached. It implies a sense of isolation, but also a sense of superiority or advancement. [...] The \"rest of the world\" that is \"still asleep\" suggests that most people are not yet aware of this insight or understanding. They are \"asleep,\" metaphorically speaking, living their lives without this deeper understanding. This could be because they are ignorant, uninterested, or simply incapable of reaching the same level of understanding. [...] In terms of personal development, this quote could be seen as a reminder to always be open to new ideas and experiences. It suggests that we should not be afraid to challenge our own beliefs and assumptions, and that we should always be striving to grow and improve as individuals. It also reminds us that we should not be discouraged if others do not understand or appreciate our growth. After all, we are \"awake,\" and they are \"still asleep.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "claims that Bertrand Russell once stated, \"War does not determine who is right - only who is left.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence Russell said or wrote this expression.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Biden said that 21 million Americans are covered through the Affordable Care Act, an increase of 9 million since he took office.", "evidence": "Statement from President Joe Biden on the Record-Breaking 2024 Open Enrollment Period Under the Affordable Care Act Today, we broke another record when it comes to lowering costs and ensuring Americans have access to quality, affordable healthcare: 21.3 million Americans have signed up for health coverage through Affordable Care Act marketplaces. That means 9 million more people have gained coverage under the law \u2013 and peace of mind \u2013 since I took office. It\u2019s no accident. My actions to protect the Affordable Care Act and lower premiums continue to make a big difference. And the American people have made it clear: they don\u2019t want the Affordable Care Act weakened and repealed \u2013 they want it strengthened and protected. We need to build on the progress we\u2019ve made by making lower premiums permanent. But Republicans in Congress have a different vision. Their recent budget would get rid of the improvements I signed into law, raising costs for millions of people. Over the last decade, extreme Republicans in Congress have blocked efforts to lower health care costs, and they\u2019re still trying to end the Affordable Care Act, just as my predecessor tried and failed to do. Repealing the Affordable Care Act would throw these 21 million people off their coverage, and end Medicaid coverage for millions more. It would return to the days when insurance companies could rip Americans off by denying coverage based on pre-existing conditions, charge women more than men, and make older adults pay astronomical health care premiums based on their age. We must not and will not go back.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "claims Lewis Carroll once wrote, \"You know what the issue is with this world? Everyone wants a magical solution to their problems, and everyone refuses to believe in magic.\"", "evidence": "The quote does not appear in any of Carroll\u2019s works, nor in any film adaptations of his novel \u201cAlice\u2019s Adventures in Wonderland.\u201d It is actually a line from ABC\u2019s television show \u201cOnce Upon a Time.\u201d", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "30 Navy SEALs died when their helicopter was shot down in Afghanistan on March 11", "evidence": "There is no record of 30 SEALs dying in a single incident in Afghanistan on March 11. The claim likely stemmed from an August 2011 helicopter crash that killed 30 members of the U.S. military.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Foods such as Pop-Tarts, cake mixes and ice cream contain antifreeze", "evidence": "No, there isn\u2019t antifreeze in your Pop-Tarts, ice cream or cake mix [...] A May 17 Instagram reel called out Pop-Tarts, Blue Bunny and Cold Stone Creamery ice cream, Betty Crocker and Duncan Hines cake mixes, Dunkin\u2019 flavored iced teas and Fireball whisky, claiming these products \"have antifreeze in them.\" [...] An Instagram reel claimed certain foods and drinks \"have antifreeze in them\" because they contain propylene glycol, an additive.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Ancient Greek philosopher Plato once stated, \"Be kind, everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Plato Say, \u2018Be Kind, Everyone You Meet Is Fighting A Hard Battle\u2019? [...] Plato and other ancient philosophers are popular targets for spurious quotations, this case included. His work \"Republic,\" which contains the well-known \"Allegory of the Cave,\" is widely considered a classic of philosophy. The main character in Plato\u2019s literature is typically Socrates. [...] \"I\u2019ve read a good bit of Plato in my time, but never encountered a quote like that from him,\" said Michael Russo, author of \"Plato\u2019s Republic: A Study Guide,\" in an email to the DCNF. Other experts did not recognize the saying either.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Florida Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis is enacting a bill that would require bloggers to register with the state", "evidence": "Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis has endorsed the bill, which includes several provisions outlined in his Stop W.O.K.E. Act, a purported ban on critical race theory that was introduced last month. (For the record, critical race theory is a college-level area of study and isn't taught in K-12 public schools.) [...] It seems DeSantis and Florida\u2019s GOP-led Legislature are operating with a similar fear. They see the facade of white supremacy \u2014 weak as it is \u2014 crumbling under the weight of high school lesson plans and workplace trainings. And bills like SB 148 are sad attempts to piece that facade back together.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sen. Josh Hawley shares proof of Chinese spying in hearing with FBI director Christopher Wray", "evidence": "By \u2014 Associated Press Associated Press Leave your feedback Share Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-live-dhs-fbi-heads-testify-before-senate-following-report-on-threat-of-domestic-extremists Email Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Share on Facebook Share on Twitter WATCH: DHS, FBI heads testify before Senate on China surveillance inside the U.S. Politics Nov 17, 2022 10:17 AM EDT During a Senate hearing on threats to the U.S. homeland, FBI Director Christopher Wray was quizzed about Chinese efforts to use their own police to surveil dissidents inside the United States. Watch the hearing in the player above. \"It\u2019s been reported that the Chinese Communist Party is operating police stations in the United States in an effort to surveil Chinese dissidents,\" said Republican Sen. Rick Scott of Florida. \"Seems obvious the US shouldn\u2019t allow its most significant geopolitical rival, an oppressive Communist regime, to establish police stations in the U.S.,\" Scott said. \"What authority or jurisdiction does the CCP have in the U.S.?\" \"I\u2019m very concerned about this,\" Wray said. \"We are aware of the existence of these stations.\" \"The reason this is so important is because we have seen a clear pattern of the Chinese government, the Chinese Communist Party, exporting their repression right here into the U.S,\" Wray said.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "an Oxford University student named Boston Regan has become one of the youngest PhD graduates in the world.", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did This Oxford University Student Become One Of The World\u2019s Youngest PhDs? A post shared on Facebook, along with an accompanying video, claims an Oxford University student named Boston Regan has become one of the youngest PhD graduates in the world. [...] The video tells the story of an alleged Oxford University student who overcame panic attacks and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to become one of the world\u2019s youngest PhD holders. (RELATED: Did An 11-Year-Old \u2018Shark Tank\u2019 Contestant Invent A Device To Give The World Free Wi-Fi?)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that President Abraham Lincoln once stated, \"We can complain because rose bushes have thorns, or rejoice because thorn bushes have roses.\"", "evidence": "In life, we often focus on the thorns, the difficulties, the problems. We talk about the prickly part of our day and what went wrong. It makes for a more sensational story which will hold the interest of our listeners. But, like the prick of a thorn, we re-experience the negative emotions and feel the pain anew as we recount our tale of woe. Stress chemicals get a second run at coursing through our depleted bodies. [...] Dwell on the roses of your life, forsake the thorns. Count your blessings, not your woes. Filed under Uncategorized | Comments (5)5 Responses to \"\"We can complain because rose bushes have thorns, or rejoice because thorn bushes have roses.\" ~Abraham Lincoln\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "White House Press Secretary said she was concerned about Brazil and China relationship", "evidence": "By \u2014 News Desk News Desk Leave your feedback Share Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-live-white-house-press-secretary-karine-jean-pierre-holds-briefing-amid-inflation-bill-talks Email Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Share on Facebook Share on Twitter WATCH: White House reacts to China announcement that it\u2019ll end contact with U.S. on major issues Politics Aug 5, 2022 1:57 PM EDT The White House has reacted to China\u2019s Friday announcement that it was ending all contact with the United States on major issues \u2014 including crucial climate cooperation that led to the international 2015 Paris accord \u2014 as tensions and public rebukes ratcheted higher over House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\u2019s visit to Taiwan. Press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre says China\u2019s reaction is \"fundamentally irresponsible.\" Watch the event in the video player above. \"We\u2019ll continue our efforts to keep open lines of communication with Beijing while defending our interests and values in the region,\" she said. China\u2019s move to freeze key lines of communication adds to a rapid souring of relations from Pelosi\u2019s visit and from the Chinese response with military exercises off Taiwan, including firing missiles that splashed down in surrounding waters.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that President Abraham Lincoln once said, \"The best way to predict the future is to create it.\"", "evidence": "The best way to predict the future is to create it. \u2013 Peter Drucker [...] The Future\u2026 Kind of scary sounding. Full of unknowns. Full of twists and turns. How can you possibly predict it? This quote says that the best way to know what is coming is to be an active participant. By creating your future, you are an active player in the events as they unfold. By knowing what you want, and what you are willing to do to get them, you can help to shape what the future holds.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims shoppers wore Ku Klux Klan hoods at an Alabama mini mart purportedly owned by a family involved in a recent riverfront brawl", "evidence": "Today, the Ku Klux Klan is a small organization with only a few hundred members that lacks any significant social, political, or economic influence in Alabama. Numerous hate groups exist that have adopted some form of the Ku Klux Klan's name, but these groups operate independently with little knowledge of one another's activities. The Klan's decline however does not mean that support for white supremacist organizations in Alabama has disappeared. Many former Klansmen have joined a wide array of neo-Confederate organizations, such as the League of the South, headquartered in Killen, Lauderdale County. A number of white supremacist and fascist groups also exist in Alabama.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports over 1,000 children are still missing in Maui following the recent wildfire", "evidence": "A video shared on Instagram purports over 1,000 children are still missing in Maui following the recent wildfire. [...] \"Over 1000 children still \u2018missing\u2019 after the deadly Maui Fire,\" the Instagram video purports. The video has received over 700 likes as of writing. [...] Likewise, Check Your Fact did not find any recent credible news reports suggesting over 1,000 children are still missing as a result of the Maui wildfire. In addition, Hawaii Democratic Gov. Josh Green has not publicly commented on the claim via his website or verified social media accounts.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Cuban authorities found the S.S. Cotopaxi found fully intact and floating toward the island nation more than 90 years after its disappearance", "evidence": "In the Facebook post, a rusty, dilapidated ship can be seen sitting in a body of water with mountainous land in the background. Text in the image alleges the vessel was \"last seen in 1925, and has mysteriously reappeared after disappearing 90 years ago, in the Bermuda Triangle.\" It goes on to claim the ship \"remains intact, and afloat, and has NEVER been seen by any aircraft, or sea-going ships, in 9 decades..nor has she ever run aground.\" [...] Check Your Fact previously debunked the claim that Cuban authorities found the S.S. Cotopaxi fully intact and floating toward the island nation 90 years after its disappearance. That ship\u2019s sunken remains were discovered in the 80s but took some three decades to be properly identified, according to Smithsonian Magazine.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Biden said he taught political theory at the University of Pennsylvania for 4 years", "evidence": "Joe Biden: \"For four years, I was a full professor at the University of Pennsylvania.\" [...] Biden served as Benjamin Franklin Presidential Professor of the Practice at the University of Pennsylvania between his tenure as vice president and the start of his presidential campaign. However, the duration of the position was closer to two years than four, since he was on leave while running for president. Also, his duties might not conform to the full range of activities that the public might associate with the term \"full professor,\" including teaching semester-long classes, conducting independent research, and handling administrative responsibilities. [...] Biden said, \"For four years, I was a full professor at the University of Pennsylvania.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Hillary Clinton wrote, \"I believe the primary role of the state is to teach, train and raise children. Parents have a secondary role.\"", "evidence": "Parents have a secondary role,\" the quote reads. [...] She does not say, however, that \"parents have a secondary role,\" as Woods alleged. Paul Kengor, a professor of political science at Grove City College and a Ronald Reagan biographer, said there is a typical divide in how conservatives and liberals (such as Clinton) view child care. He said it was conceivable Clinton would support a primary role for the state due to her liberal persuasion.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on July 23 that Ukraine has taken back 50% of the territory it lost since February 2022.", "evidence": "Ukraine has seized back about 53% of its territory it initially lost when Russia invaded in February 2022, according to the Institute for the Study of War (ISW).", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Republican North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum said during a July 9 interview that there were 110,000 overdose deaths in 2022.", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Were There 110,000 Overdose Deaths In 2022? [...] There were an estimated 109,680 overdose deaths in 2022, according to preliminary data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Burgum, who is running for the Republican presidential nomination, discussed China, abortion and other subjects during a July 9 interview with NBC News\u2019s Chuck Todd. During the interview, he claimed that 110,000 people died from drug overdoses in 2022.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that Thomas Jefferson said, \"Most bad government has grown out of too much government.\"", "evidence": "There is no record of Jefferson ever saying or writing this phrase. It is included in the Thomas Jefferson Foundation\u2019s list of spurious quotations.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Elon Musk published a 'Rest In Peace (RIP)' tweet for late financier Jeffrey Epstein", "evidence": "An advanced Twitter search does not generate the purported tweet from Musk. There is no evidence he made the purported remark.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show Muslim refugees terrorizing New York", "evidence": "The original video, published via Instagram, shows chaos that ensued after Twitch streamer Kai Cenat hosted a giveaway in Union Square on Aug. 4. A spokesperson for the New York Police Department (NYPD)\u2019s Deputy Commissioner, Public Information denied the claim in an email to Check Your Fact.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "CNN published an article claiming Republican Speaker Kevin McCarthy made \"several unproven claims\" in his impeachment inquiry announcement.", "evidence": "House Speaker Kevin McCarthy floats an impeachment inquiry into President Joe Biden WASHINGTON (AP) \u2014 House Speaker Kevin McCarthy says Republican lawmakers may consider an impeachment inquiry of President Joe Biden over unproven claims of financial misconduct, responding to enormous GOP pressure to demonstrate support for Donald Trump ahead of the 2024 presidential election. In remarks Tuesday at the Capitol, McCarthy said the questions House Republicans are raising about the Biden family finances need to be investigated. So far, he acknowledged, the House\u2019s probes have not proven any wrongdoing, but an impeachment inquiry \"allows Congress to get the information to be able to know the truth.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "70,000 Americans have died from fentanyl overdoses", "evidence": "Canada and the U.S. suffer about 77,000 deaths a year from fentanyl. Europe doesn't come close. It's enforcement agencies are desperate to stop fentanyl crossing the Atlantic. (Photo: An example of the amount of fentanyl that can be deadly.)Photo by Jacquelyn Martin /THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Hardly a week goes by that we don\u2019t hear new horrifying numbers about opioid deaths in North America, four of five of which are linked to fentanyl. Last year, 70,000 Americans died of overdoses from fentanyl, a synthetic opioid that is 50 times more powerful than heroin. The toll in Canada is comparable, at about 7,000 a year. In B.C., fentanyl-related deaths run at about 2,000, which is among the worst rates per capita on the continent.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims that novelist George Orwell once said, \"People sleep peacefully in their Beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.\"", "evidence": "\"We sleep safely in our beds because rough men stand ready in the night to visit violence on those who would harm us.\" [...] - Alternative: \"We sleep soundly in our beds because rough men stand ready in the night to visit violence on those who would do us harm.\" [...] - Actual source: Quote Investigator found the earliest known appearance in a 1993 Washington Times essay by Richard Grenier: \"As George Orwell pointed out, people sleep peacefully in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.\" The absence of quotation marks indicates that Grenier was using his own words to convey his interpretation of Orwell's opinion, as seen in citations below.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show Jeffrey Epstein and Ted Kaczynski at a boys summer camp together", "evidence": "The original photo, taken at Interlochen Arts Camp in 1967, has been uploaded to the image-sharing website Smug Mug. Although Epstein did attend the camp, according to the Daily Beast, Kaczynski was already in high school in 1958, a Wikipedia image shows.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "purports Ghislaine Maxwell worked at Disney World in 1985", "evidence": "Maxwell was a prominent member of the London social scene in the 1980s.[27] She founded a women's club named after the original Kit-Cat Club[12][28] and was a director of Oxford United Football Club during her father's ownership.[29][30] She also worked at The European,[31] a publication her father had established. According to Tom Bower, writing for The Sunday Times, in 1986 Robert invited her to the naming in her honour of his new yacht the Lady Ghislaine, at a shipyard in the Netherlands.[32] She spent a large amount of time in the late 1980s aboard the yacht, which was equipped with a jacuzzi, sauna, gym and disco.[33] The Scotsman said Robert had also \"tailor-made a New York company for her\".[34] The company, which dealt in corporate gifts, was not profitable.[26][32][35]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Rapper Notorious B.I.G predicted Covid-19 pandemic in 1994", "evidence": "The claim is inaccurate. The video has been digitally altered.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that George Washington once said, \"Firearms stand next in importance to the Constitution itself. They are the American people\u2019s liberty, teeth and keystone under independence.\"", "evidence": "The Daily Caller found no evidence that Washington ever made this statement.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "claims Henry Ford once said, \"If I asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.\"", "evidence": "Why Henry Ford's Most Famous Quote Is Dead Wrong If Ford had asked people what they wanted, would they really have said 'faster horses?' [...] Henry Ford was one of the world's great innovators and a quotable gentleman at that, particularly in the realms of business and innovation. Perhaps the most famous quote attributed to Ford is this: \"If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.\" [...] In fact, customers would probably have told Ford exactly what they wanted -- specifically, a faster mode of transportation. They might not have mentioned the need for a combustion engine, but that's part of the art and science of understanding customer feedback.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "a conference titled \"The Elite Global Leaders Conference\" will be held at the Vatican on Oct. 23 and will focus on \"humanity-empowering technology.\"", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Does This Picture Show An Advertisement For An \u2018Elite Global Leaders\u2019 Conference Being Held At The Vatican? An image shared on Instagram claims a conference titled the \"Elite Global Leaders Conference\" will be held at the Vatican on Oct. 23 and will focus on \"humanity-empowering technology.\" [...] The image appears to show a poster advertising an upcoming conference being held at the Vatican titled \"Elite Global Leaders Conference.\" The poster states the purported event is invitation only and will focus on \"technology that empowers humanity,\" the keynote presentation allegedly being \"The Code \u2013 Programming Our Future For Good.\" Circled in red are the names of the supposed conference\u2019s two keynote speakers, David Fergusson and Carlos Moreira, authors of \"The transHuman Code: How To Program Your Future.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims \"Dumber and Dumber\" actor Jim Carrey said, \"Society is collapsing.\"", "evidence": "An article shared on Facebook claims actor Jim Carrey said, \"Hollywood elites eat whole babies for Christmas.\" [...] In May, a 2018 article published by the website Jasper and Sardine has resurfaced in QAnon Facebook groups. The article alleges that Carrey, an actor known for roles in films such as \"Dumb and Dumber\" and \"Bruce Almighty,\" told an audience during a question-and-answer session at a screening for the 2017 documentary \"Jim & Andy: The Great Beyond\" that \"Hollywood elites eat whole babies for Christmas.\" [...] This is not the first time the \"Dumb and Dumber\" actor has been the subject of misattributed comments. In August 2019, Check Your Fact debunked a viral meme that claimed he said, \"Society is collapsing.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports to show Russian President Vladimir Putin telling Americans they interfere with their own democracy", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Vladimir Putin Blame Americans For Interfering With Their Own Democracy? A video shared on Instagram purports to show Russian President Vladimir Putin telling Americans they interfere with their own democracy. [...] \"You blame me for interfering with your democracy. But I don\u2019t have to, you are doing it yourselves,\" Putin appears to say in English via the Instagram video, liked over 700 times. \"Polling stations are closing. You don\u2019t know who to trust, you are divided. There are strings we can pull, but we don\u2019t have to. You are pulling them for us,\" he appears to continue.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports CNN reported Liz Cheney endorsed Ron DeSantis for president", "evidence": "The claim neither appears on CNN\u2019s website nor its verified social media accounts. A CNN spokesperson denied the outlet had reported that Cheney endorsed DeSantis in an email to Check Your Fact.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims that Benjamin Franklin once said, \"A Nation of well-informed men who have been taught to know and prize the rights which God has given them cannot be enslaved; it is in the region of ignorance that tyranny begins.\"", "evidence": "There is no evidence that Franklin authored this saying. It was actually written by author Henry Stuber.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Claims a white Russian billionaire offered to pay $1 billion for NBA superstar LeBron James and tennis champion Serena Williams to have a child together", "evidence": "An image shared on Facebook more than 900 times claims a Russian billionaire offered NBA player LeBron James and tennis player Serena Williams a billion dollars to have a \"super athlete\" child together. [...] A widely-shared post purportedly shows a screen grab of a news article about a Russian billionaire, identified as both Vladist and Vladir Sugarin, who offered a billion dollars to James and Williams to have a \"super athlete\" child. The headline reads, \"White Billionaire Offers $1 Billion to Breed Lebron (sic) & Serena.\" \"LeBron makes hundreds of millions. Serena makes hundreds of millions,\" one post credits Sugarin with saying. \"Their super baby will make billions.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Claims Socrates said, \"When the debate is lost, slander becomes the tool of the losers.\"", "evidence": "It appears that the widespread attribution to Socrates of the 'When the debate is lost, slander becomes the tool of the losers' bit of wisdom only began after 2008, with the rise of quote-sharing via social media memes: 'When the debate is lost, slander becomes the tool of the loser.' -Socrates. [...] So as far as we can tell, the phrase \"when the debate is lost, slander becomes the tool of the loser\" emerged roughly around 2008 and appears to have no traceable history prior to that. Despite its popularity on social media, no one has ever found a single direct link to any material attributed to Socrates matching the quote. Its abrupt appearance and lack of historical support suggests that Socrates' signature was tacked to the commentary to give it an air of ancient wisdom.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Pittsburgh Steelers coach Mike Tomlin fired two players for kneeling during national anthem", "evidence": "PITTSBURGH -- Players who choose to kneel during the national anthem will have the support of coach Mike Tomlin and the Pittsburgh Steelers organization, the coach said on a video conference call Tuesday. [...] Like many NFL teams, Tomlin and the Steelers last navigated these discussions in 2017 when some players echoed quarterback Colin Kaepernick's 2016 actions by kneeling during the anthem to raise awareness of police brutality -- a move that was lambasted by President Donald Trump. In addition to saying in a speech that NFL owners should \"get that son of a bitch off the field\" if a player kneeled, he said they should fire or suspend players who protested the national anthem. That year, the Steelers stressed unity and wanted to stay in the locker room together during the national anthem at Chicago's Soldier Field in late September, and the typically football-focused Tomlin said his team \"wouldn't play politics.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "claims President Donald Trump volunteered his airline Tower Air to bring American soldiers home during Operation Desert Storm", "evidence": "The rumor emerged in a widely circulated open letter by a man named Ron Knouse arguing that Donald Trump\u2019s airline, Trump Shuttle, provided free flights to veterans returning from Operation Desert Storm in the early 1990s. In the letter, its author claims that Trump\u2019s airline gave stranded soldiers free transport home, but that media outlets had failed to report on his good deed. [...] The planes waiting were from Tower Air. The owner of Tower Air had volunteered his planes and staff to bring soldiers home for the cost of fuel only. Happily, the young veteran got home just in time for Easter weekend in 1991, and spent that time emotionally healing with friends and family surrounding him. That Private was me. The Airline owner \u2013 Donald J Trump. That is why I will vote Trump. Loyalty for loyalty, respect for respect. Any questions? [...] Tower Air, on the other hand, contracted with the Department of Defense to provide charter flights around the time of the Gulf War, according to a New York Times report. But we weren\u2019t able to find anything linking Trump to Tower Air. Zev Melamid, Mordechi Gill, Morris Nachtomi and Sam Fondlierprovid established the airline in 1982, Airline History records show. Tower Air provided passenger service from New York to Brussels and Tel Aviv, a line previously operated by Metro International Airways, according to the World Airline Directory.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "purports U.S. Marine Corps Gen. David H. Berger is allegedly 'missing in action' and hasn't been seen since Jan. 6, 2023", "evidence": "General (Retired)David H. Berger [...] General (Retired) David H. Berger served as the Commandant of the Marine Corps from July 11, 2019 to July 10, 2023. [...] General Berger\u2019s staff and joint assignments include serving as Assistant Division Commander of 2d Marine Division; policy planner in the Strategic Plans and Policy Directorate, J-5; Chief of Staff for Kosovo Force (KFOR) Headquarters in Pristina, Kosovo; and Director of Operations in Plans, Policies, and Operations, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps; Deputy Commandant for Combat Development and Integration.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Former President Donald Trump claimed Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis \"sort of mandated\" the COVID-19 vaccine.", "evidence": "Former President Donald Trump appeared to take a shot at Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis over his refusal to disclose whether he\u2019s received a Covid-19 booster shot in a new interview with the far-right channel One America News. [...] DeSantis told Fox Business host Maria Bartiromo back in December that he had \"done whatever I did, the normal shot\" when asked if he received a third dose of the coronavirus vaccine. The rest of his response focused on his opposition to vaccine mandates as governor, saying the Covid-19 vaccine and subsequent booster shots should be \"people\u2019s individual decision.\" [...] \"President Trump did not mention Governor DeSantis in that interview, so I wouldn\u2019t want to make assumptions. Governor DeSantis has always been clear about his position on Covid-19 vaccination and boosters: the shots should be available to all but mandated for none, and the choice to get a vaccine or booster is an individual\u2019s private medical decision,\" Pushaw said.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that former South African President Nelson Mandela once stated, \"Fools multiply when wise men are silent.\"", "evidence": "Fact Check: Did Mandela say 'Fools multiply when wise men are silent'? An American page recently shared a quote they claim to be from the late Nelson Mandela, saying that 'Fools multiply when wise men are silent'. Briefly.co.za has a look to see if there is any truth to this. [...] U.S. Democratic Voices recently shared a questionable Nelson Mandela quote, claiming that the late icon had said:", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports to show a mom remove an LGBTQ+ pride flag from a classroom", "evidence": "The school\u2019s principal was ordered to remove the flags last month at the direction of administrators over Alpine School District \u2014 the largest school district in Utah \u2014 hoping to avoid becoming the focus of the latest cultural firestorm surrounding teachers. Recent outcry from conservative parents across the state and the country have labeled educators who support the LGBTQ+ community with rainbow flags as \"groomers\" and \"pedophiles,\" suggesting the symbols are sexual and don\u2019t belong in schools. [...] As soon as the parent pointed out the pride flag, the picture was removed. It was reposted by the school shortly later, cropped to remove the flag. It was deleted again when more parents commented that it still showed nine smaller pride flags \u2014 representing identities and intersections within the LGBTQ+ community \u2014 sitting in a neat line above the day\u2019s lesson plan. Cutting those out wouldn\u2019t be possible without also cropping the teacher and student. The photo wasn\u2019t reposted. [...] But Brown said she and other students weren\u2019t satisfied. Even the pride flags that had been in the classroom of the teacher who led the school\u2019s gay-straight alliance club were removed. Some questioned how those weren\u2019t considered educational, as they were directly related to a school-approved group, which 40 to 50 kids at Skyridge participate in.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Claims that author Ernest Hemingway once said, \"There is nothing to writing. All you do is sit down at a typewriter and bleed.\"", "evidence": "Although Hemingway\u2019s achievement is certainly enviable, the desire to equal his literary greatness turns out to be a Faustian bargain: his genius could only be attained through a life of suffering. On more than one occasion he was asked to author a book on his approach to writing. Not surprisingly, he never agreed to write it.\"There is nothing to writing,\" he said.\"All you do is sit down at a typewriter and bleed.\" Hemingway understood that good writing was not the product of a masterful technique. Instead, good writing is the expression of meaningful experiences. For Hemingway, these were experiences of pain expressed in the blunt language of reality. The cost of achieving such glory was the subjection of his soul to a lifetime of torture. Had his life been happy, his great writings would have never even been imagined. [...] So to my friend I must apologize: I should have told you the importance of not being Ernest. Whenever you have the choice, you ought to opt for happiness. A life nailed to Hemingway\u2019s cross of self-loathing \u2013 however legendary \u2013 will simply bleed out.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "purports CNBC published an article linking AMC Theatres to the recent Silicon Valley Bank collapse", "evidence": "AMC Theaters is the latest stock to have gotten caught in a meme wave. But this time, the company seems to be taking advantage of the ride. [...] BERAS: AMC Theatres, the largest movie theater chain in the country. She'd never bought stock, but she loves the movies. So Brooks picked up a hundred shares at just over $7 apiece. That's despite the fact that AMC Theatres had been pretty close to bankruptcy. For Brooks, it wasn't just about buying stocks in a company she believes she's saving.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "purports the National Gallery in London is removing a famous painting because one of the figures resembles Russian President Vladimir Putin", "evidence": "No, London gallery isn\u2019t removing painting for Putin likeness CLAIM: The National Gallery in London is removing a portrait by Jan van Eyck due to complaints that the painting resembles Russian President Vladimir Putin. [...] One Twitter post with more than 10,000 likes shared the image with a caption that reads: \"BELIEVE IT OR NOT A London gallery wants to remove a painting by Jan van Eyck after frequent complaints from visitors about the likeness of the figure in the painting to Putin\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "President Joe Biden claimed in a Sept. 11, 2023 speech that he was in New York City where the World Trade Center towers fell the day after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.", "evidence": "WASHINGTON \u2014 President Joe Biden visited all three sites of the Sept. 11 attacks Saturday as the nation marked the 20th anniversary of that day. [...] Biden \u2014 who praised Bush's remarks about the nation's response to 9/11 as \"a genuinely good speech about who we are\" \u2014 was marking the milestone anniversary, his first as president, weeks after the Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan nearly two decades after the U.S. first knocked them from power in the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks. [...] At the 10-year mark, Obama also made stops at all three of the sites, speaking at ground zero. Biden, then vice president, spoke at the Pentagon of his empathy for those who lost loved ones that day.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "purports Bill Gates turned off his Twitter comments after Elon Musk allegedly exposed him in the latest Twitter files", "evidence": "Twitter owner Elon Musk spoke out on Saturday evening about the so-called \"Twitter Files,\" a long tweet thread posted by journalist Matt Taibbi, who had been provided with details about behind-the-scenes discussions on Twitter\u2019s content moderation decision-making, including the call to suppress a 2020 New York Post story about Hunter Biden and his laptop. [...] Musk \u2013 who claims to have not read the released files himself \u2013 said the impetus for the original tweet thread was about what happened in the run-up to the 2020 presidential election and \"how much government influence was there.\" [...] Musk on Saturday also criticized the mainstream media for downplaying the \"Twitter Files\" release, while accusing news organizations \u2013 particularly the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal and the Washington Post \u2013 of \"setting agendas.\" In its coverage of the story, the Washington Post had concluded \"it produced no smoking gun.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "House Speaker Nancy Pelosi tweeted, \"I am disgusted with 'President' Trump allowing people to keep more of the money they earn.\"", "evidence": "By \u2014 Julia Griffin Julia Griffin By \u2014 Molly Finnegan Molly Finnegan Leave a comment 0comments Share Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-trump-tweeted-a-misleading-video-of-nancy-pelosi-heres-the-real-thing Email Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Share on Facebook Share on Twitter WATCH: Trump tweeted a misleading video of Nancy Pelosi. Here\u2019s the real thing Politics Updated on May 25, 2019 3:13 PM EDT \u2014 Published on May 24, 2019 5:36 PM EDT President Donald Trump used Twitter on Thursday to spread an edited video of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, the latest development in an ongoing fight between the president and the California Democrat. In a tweet that Trump labeled \"PELOSI STAMMERS THROUGH NEWS CONFERENCE,\" the president shared a clip from the Fox Business Network show \"Lou Dobbs Tonight\" in which moments from Pelosi\u2019s weekly news conference on Thursday had been manipulated. In the edited video, Pelosi\u2019s normal pauses and stutters have been edited together to make her appear to stumble over words like \"custody\" and \"border.\" In one section (around 12:43), the doctored video repeats a moment three extra times when Pelosi says the words \"there are three things.\" What did Nancy Pelosi actually say?", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "President Obama released 500,000 pedophiles from background check database", "evidence": "CLAIM: Former President Barack Obama removed 500,000 pedophiles from a background check database. [...] \"Obama Removed 500,000 Pedophiles From Background Check Database,\" reads a headline shared in a screenshot on Instagram. [...] Instead, the story references a Washington Post report from 2017 that covered the fact that tens of thousands of names were removed from the National Instant Criminal Background Check System, or NICS. That purge occurred during former President Donald Trump\u2019s administration, though the Obama administration reportedly played a role.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Claims the WHO advised the public to not have unprotected sex with animals to prevent the coronavirus?", "evidence": "Avoid public displays of affection. [...] - Use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact, particularly if you are pregnant. [...] Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Public spending in Northern Ireland is 45% higher than it is in Ireland.", "evidence": "- Bill 1: Provisions included within Northern Ireland Budget (Anticipation and Adjustments) Bill 2017-19 that seek to ensure funding is available to the NI Civil Service for the remainder of 2017-18 and for the start of 2018-19 (45% of allocated funding), and thereby continue public service delivery in NI. But as the House of Commons Library Briefing Paper about the Bill states, the Bill \u2018\u2026does not constitute the setting of a budget for the Northern Ireland Assembly\u2019. [...] Health Spending accounted for 48.2% of NI\u2019s day-to-day spending in the 2017-18 baseline. The NI DoH Allocation of \u00a35,306.2 million for 2018-19 represents 49.2% of the total NI Allocations \u2013 an increase of one percentage point. All other things being equal, it appears from the current proposals and the prior trend that Health will consume more than half of NI\u2019s day-to-day spending from 2019 onwards. Education Spending accounted for 17.8% of NI\u2019s day-to-day spending in the 2017-18 baseline. The NI DE Allocation of \u00a31,859.4 million for 2018-19 represents 18.0% of the total proposed NI Allocations \u2013 an increase of one fifth of a percentage point compared to the baseline. In other words, there is only a very marginal increase in the relative priority afforded to DE as a proportion of the total funding allocated by the Secretary of State in her proposals.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Face coverings/masks became \u201cmandatory\u201d in shops in Northern Ireland as of 1 August 2020.", "evidence": "- ^ a b \"Face masks could be mandatory in shops by 20 August\". BBC News. 23 July 2020. [...] - ^ \"NI public told to wear masks in shops\". BBC News. 6 August 2020. [...] - ^ McCormack, Jayne (10 August 2020). \"Face coverings now compulsory for NI shoppers\". BBC News.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The Department of Health (England) needs the consent of families to release information of deceased relatives.", "evidence": "Guide to the legal framework that health professionals need to take account of in obtaining valid consent to examination, treatment or care. [...] Since 2001, the Department of Health guidance on consent has required NHS Trusts to adopt a model consent policy, model forms and information leaflets with the aim of ensuring that good practice in seeking consent was put in place throughout the NHS. The department has been considering the future role of its guidance and has been undertaking a review of consent in the NHS which will not only identify and evaluate the NHS approach to, and practice on, gaining consent but which will also evaluate the impact on practice of existing Department of Health guidance and forms. [...] As part of our review, we will evaluate the impact on practice of the Department of Health consent forms and consider the best approach to promoting quality consent processes (including documentation) in the future. In the interim, trusts are free to develop their own documentation, including their consent forms (using the DH model form if they so wish), to reflect the current legal position and reflect local practice as appropriate. These documents include some advice on how legal terminology has evolved since the forms were produced, which may help in this regard.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "41% of those living with HIV in Northern Ireland are heterosexual.", "evidence": "A new report from the Public Health Agency (PHA) shows that there are 1,325 people in Northern Ireland living with HIV. The \u2018HIV surveillance in Northern Ireland 2022\u2019 report also shows that 76 new cases of HIV were diagnosed here in 2021, a 12% increase from 68 in 2020. [...] \"Of the 76 new cases of HIV which were diagnosed, thirty-one (41%) occurred through gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Twenty-one (28%) new HIV diagnoses occurred through heterosexual transmission and fourteen (18%) new HIV diagnoses occurred through injecting drug use. [...] People with HIV have a near-normal life expectancy if diagnosed early and treated promptly. Once diagnosed, individuals are less likely to pass on their infection due to treatment and changing their behaviour. Of those on treatment in Northern Ireland, 97% had an undetectable viral load, and at this level a person living with HIV has effectively zero risk of sexually transmitting the virus to someone who does not have HIV.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Medicinal tea \u2018help with\u2019 COVID-19", "evidence": "Traditional herbal medicines are poorly or not regulated as licensed/registered medicines in quite a few countries, including the USA, and therefore are considered \"food,\" precluding any high-level discussion on their potential contributions to human health. Consequently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers fraudulent to sell any herbal products with attached claims and has sent warning letters to companies offering herbal products such as teas, essential oils, and tinctures claiming to prevent, treat or cure the symptoms of COVID-19. It is also encouraging the public to report the unlawful sales of medicinal products on the Internet (FDA, 2020). The North American public is receiving advice on the use of herbal products from dedicated academic groups. One of them is the Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine which recommends polyphenol-rich plants (chamomille, Chinese skullcap, licorice, onions, apples, tomatoes, oranges, nuts, berries, parsley, celery, turmeric root, and green tea) to reduce the risk of infection (Alschuler et al., 2020), but no detailed assessment is available.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "One in four women in Northern Ireland have at some point in their lives have been a victim of domestic violence.", "evidence": "Approximately one in four women in Northern Ireland are estimated to have been victims of domestic violence.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Unionism was against the NI Protocol from day one", "evidence": "Many of those involved in taking legal action against the NI protocol have openly opposed the Belfast Agreement or, worse yet, called for the peace treaty to be scrapped entirely. Therein lies the looming red flag of duplicity and ulterior motives, flying higher than any union flag, and blanketing the citizens of this region in its stagnating shadow. [...] Political unionism uniting against the protocol leaves those within unionism who support the protocol with little political space to call home [...] Political unionism uniting against the protocol leaves those within unionism who support the protocol, or who voted against Brexit, with little political space to call home. Unionism no longer holds a majority in Northern Ireland. Opting for reruns of a tired Brexit game instead of seeking workable solutions to the protocol will only further shrink their base.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Seventy percent of people in Northern Ireland and the majority of its Assembly Members support marriage equality for LGBT couples.", "evidence": "There was hence large agreement that opening the institution of marriage to same-sex couples \"signals clearly that same-sex couple relationships should be treated with fairness and dignity.\"139 [...] [S]i impone invece la risposta affermativa sia perch\u00e9 il diritto a contrarre matrimonio appartiene al novero dei diritti fondamentali, sia perch\u00e9 opinare diversamente comporterebbe negare il rispetto della dignit\u00e0 della persona e delle sue scelte di vita. [...] [T]o fully implement the rights granted under Article 2 and Article 3 of Directive 2004/38/EC not only to different sex spouses, but also to the registered partner, member of the household and the partner, including same-sex couples recognized by a Member State, irrespective of nationality and without prejudice to their non-recognition in civil law by another Member State, on the basis of the principles of mutual recognition, equality, non-discrimination, dignity, and private and family life.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Michael Davitt Gaelic Athletic Club offered as a coronavirus field hospital.", "evidence": "Michael Davitt (born March 25, 1846, Straide, County Mayo, Ire.\u2014died May 31, 1906, Dublin) was the founder of the Irish Land League (1879), which organized resistance to absentee landlordism and sought to relieve the poverty of the tenant farmers by securing fixity of tenure, fair rent, and free sale of the tenant\u2019s interest.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Workers have trapped their van inside bollards they are installing outside a hospital in Belfast.", "evidence": "In fact, installing bollards is a cost-effective way to balance security and appeal of workplaces. While considering bollards as safety equipment, people often ask a few common questions. Here are the answers to the four most common questions about bollards : [...] - Bollards can be installed to control traffic and prevent car ramming attacks. [...] - Bollards are recommended for commercial applications where the budget is a primary concern.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There is a new \u2018Brothers-in-Arms\u2019 mural in Belfast depicting a partnership between the UDA and the DUP.", "evidence": "Masked and armed UDA/UFF members at a show of strength in Belfast [...] A UDA/UFF mural in Bangor [...] A UDA/UFF South-East Antrim Brigade mural in Newtownabbey", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "By 2026, 96% of the projected population growth in Northern Ireland will be represented by people aged 65 and over.", "evidence": "This claim is accurate. NISRA has published a projection of an increased population of 77,587 people; the 65+ age profile will see the largest change.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "A \u00a3400m pot left unallocated by Stormont is going to be used to cover ongoing spending by departments.", "evidence": "Two-year timetable for Stormont to repay \u00a3300m \u2018overly punitive\u2019, says economist [...] A two-year timetable for Stormont to repay an almost \u00a3300 million overspend is \"overly punitive\", a senior economist has said. [...] PA ReadyStormontRobert ChoteChris Heaton-HarrisNorthern IrelandWestminsterMPsUK GovernmentRebecca Black 1/1Two-year timetable for Stormont to repay \u00a3300m \u2018overly punitive\u2019, says economist", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The economy in Derry/Londonderry has contracted 21% since the restoration of the Northern Ireland Assembly in 2007.", "evidence": "Delivering Local Development in Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland [...] Derry-Londonderry has a challenging period ahead as it seeks to create 12 000 much needed jobs in the city over the next 10 years. It is now an outward-looking and learning city, seeking to learn from international best practice and in turn contribute to new thinking and understanding. Through One Plan \u2013 the Regeneration Plan for Derry Londonderry 2020 \u2013 the city can determine a different future: a stronger economy and equal society. Delivering Local Development in Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland: Inclusive Growth Through One Plan helps the city set out a path to reshape its future to ensure that the economy is able to generate sufficient, productive and sustainable employment, with opportunities for progression and accessibility for all.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) are to pilot a Snapchat social media platform initiative to monitor social mitigation compliance in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "The PSNI have no plans to introduce any monitoring scheme on any social media platform. Complaints about social mitigation compliance can be registered on the PSNI website. A claim was published on social media, that the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) is \"to roll out a new \u2018Snap-fish\u2019 pilot scheme\" on the Snapchat social media platform \"to help catch individuals not adhering to social distancing, social bubbles and gathering more than six people\" (often referred to as \"social mitigation compliance\"). [...] \"The Police Service of Northern Ireland has no plans to introduce a \u2018snap-fish\u2019 scheme \u2026 nor indeed any new social media platforms around the enforcement of COVID-19 restrictions.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A scone can equal a third of one\u2019s recommended daily calories.", "evidence": "A large scone can equate to a third of recommended daily calories, a survey has shown. [...] \"As scones tend to be a regular favourite for many across Northern Ireland, we felt it was important to raise awareness that this common snack can contain a greater number of calories than consumers may think. [...] - The range of calories varied widely from 154kcal to 756kcal - The portion sizes of scones ranged from 44g to 233g - The average scone provided 20g of sugar, which is the equivalent of five sugar cubes - The range of sugar per scone varied between 3.1g to 39.2g - Fruit scones generally provided higher sugar levels", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "For every child coming into school in Northern Ireland, they are getting much less than their counterparts in other regions of the United Kingdom.", "evidence": "- England and Northern Ireland score particularly badly on numeracy compared to other major economies. [...] England and Northern Ireland have one of the lowest levels of numeracy skills when compared to other OECD countries. 24% scored at or below the OECD's basic level of numeracy skills in tests conducted for its report on the 2013 skills outlook (confusingly, their basic level refers to a different Level 1 to the one above). [...] If you live in England and Northern Ireland, it's more likely that your social background will influence your literacy performance too, according to the report. Particularly so among young people.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "A map shared on Twitter shows the amount of green space in Northern Ireland which is available to the public.", "evidence": "A map shared on Twitter claims to show all the greenspace in Northern Ireland currently available to the public. The GreenspaceNI map is a work in progress, and currently only features green areas at least two hectares in size. As things stand, the map \u2013 compiled from a host of sources \u2013 is the best-available representation of public-accessible natural space in NI.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "There is 51% support for a united Ireland.", "evidence": "Attitudes towards a United Ireland are significantly different amongst age groups. Sub-samples of polls can only tell you much so the following numbers should be taken with a pinch of salt. In the latest Kantar poll, support for a United Ireland was 50% amongst 18-24 year olds and 42% amongst 25-34 year olds. Amongst the 55-64 category it was just 28% and 26% in the 65+ category. Furthermore, 23% of 18-24 year olds support neither option compared to 14% of the 65+ age group. This suggests there are more younger people open to the possibility of a United Ireland even if they do not not currently support it. Whilst the numbers can only be looked at more generally, it is clear that there is significant divergence between generations. [...] People often forget that it is not just Northern Ireland who would be voting in a border poll. Voters in the Republic of Ireland would also have to vote in favour in a poll of their own. It is fair to say that the vast majority of those from south of the border would support a United Ireland in principle. The most recent poll saw a the pro-United Ireland camp at 51%, the rejection camp at 27% and undecideds at 22%. Excluding the undecideds that leaves the result at 66%-34%.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Ireland has the fastest growing economy in the Eurozone.", "evidence": "Irish economy fastest-growing in eurozone as region\u2019s GDP revised up to 0.3% Figures released today show that Ireland\u2019s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 2.3 per cent between July and September, with Cyprus and Malta growing by 1.3 per cent", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "If Ireland\u2019s population density was the same as England, its population would be 35 million people.", "evidence": "The population density of England is around 433 people per km2. If the Republic of Ireland had that population density, around 30 million people would live there. However, Ireland can also refer to the island of Ireland \u2013 which would indeed have a population of around 35 million people.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The EU sends Northern Ireland \u20ac500 million a year", "evidence": "Together with the UK's financial commitment and additional national co-financing from Ireland and Northern Ireland, this will result in a total investment of \u20ac1.1 billion in peace and prosperity on the island of Ireland. Vice-President for Inter-institutional Relations and Foresight, Maro\u0161 \u0160ef\u010dovi\u010d, said: \"The EU has proven time and again its commitment to the Good Friday (Belfast) Agreement. Today is another concrete example of that support \u2013 together with the Irish and British governments, the new PEACE PLUS programme will provide around \u20ac1 billion to Northern Ireland and the border counties. Preserving the hard-earned gains of the peace process will always be of paramount importance to all Europeans.\" Commissioner for Cohesion and Reforms, Elisa Ferreira, added: \"Since 1995, the EU has been committed to make a constructive contribution to the peace process. The new ambitious PEACE PLUS, the largest ever cross-border cooperation programme in the island, is built on the same principles of partnership that have made the past PEACE programmes effective instruments for cooperation and peace building. We invite partners in Ireland and Northern Ireland to continue their work to achieve our shared ambitions for reconciliation, peace and prosperity.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland eats more meat than in the rest of the UK.", "evidence": "NI red meat consumption stable, but concern for female groups [...] \"It is also pleasing to see that red meat consumption in the UK is within the recommended guidelines, and we can focus on encouraging consumers to continue choosing Northern Ireland Farm Quality Assured beef and lamb, as a world class product.\" COVID-19 brought about many lifestyle changes, with the NDNS report highlighting that since the start of the pandemic 59% of households reported that they had cooked at home more.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "People in the RoI can expect to live a healthy life for almost a decade longer than those in NI - 69.4 years compared to 61 years.", "evidence": "Irish people are living longer, healthier lives, though access to healthcare remains an issue: Department of Health publishes Health in Ireland - Key Trends 2019 [...] Life expectancy in Ireland has increased by almost two and a half years since 2007, with male life expectancy consistently higher than the EU average throughout the last decade, and female life expectancy surpassing the EU average in 2017. [...] At 80.4 years, life expectancy for women in Ireland is 3.6 years longer than for men in 2017; however, this gap has narrowed from 5.3 in 1997 and is now at its lowest since the 1950s (Table 1.6).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "More residents want peace walls to stay.", "evidence": "The Peace Wall \u2013 or should I say walls, since there are many of them? \u2013 has been in place since the late 1960s, when the Troubles first began. They were intended as temporary structures, but were later made permanent. They run all through Belfast, covering more than 13 miles of the city. The tallest stand more than 40 feet high, and many are lined with barbed wire at top; they looked like massive military barricades. Some have been decorated with murals, but many parts of the wall remain rather unsightly. [...] The Peace Walls separate the Protestant and Catholic neighborhoods of Belfast. In the event of a riot or a bombing, the few gates within the wall are designed to close, ostensibly to protect the people who live nearby. [...] After all, the Peace Walls were erected at the request of the people of Belfast. This was not something imposed upon them unfairly by the government; this was something that the community wanted. Those who live on the borders between the Catholic and Protestant neighborhoods note how much safer they feel with the barriers in place (70% of them want to the walls to remain up, though among the rest of Northern Ireland, the walls are much less popular).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Over half of the residents in Fermanagh & Omagh District Council are living in poverty.", "evidence": "This claim is inaccurate. 25.1% of people in Fermanagh and Omagh lived in relative and/or absolute poverty, from 2012-15. The claim was corrected by the Fermanagh Herald on 6 February 2019.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "62% of income received by farmers in Northern Ireland comes from the European Union.", "evidence": "This claim is accurate. The average payment received from the EU (\u00a327,648) in 2016-17 represented 62.4% of total farm income (\u00a344,305). This ratio fluctuates with market prices; it ranged between 52% and 71% during 2012-13 to 2016-17.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The Red Cross is refusing blood donations from anyone who has received a vaccination for COVID.", "evidence": "The claim is not accurate. The British Red Cross does not collect or supply blood in the UK. The Northern Ireland Blood Transfusion Service states that you must wait for seven days after receiving your COVID vaccination before you can donate. In the US, such claims about their Red Cross have been found to be inaccurate. On Facebook, posts are being shared that claim the Red Cross is refusing blood donations from anyone who has received a vaccination for COVID-19. Furthermore, a post asks how this supposed policy will affect the availability of blood donations to the NHS. [...] Donating blood after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There is a greater chance of dying in a bus collision than by COVID-19.", "evidence": "Method: Our study therefore investigated the injury risk of public bus passengers involved in collision incidents and non-collision incidents comparatively, based on a police-reported dataset of 17,383 passengers injured on franchised public buses over a 10-year period in Hong Kong. A random parameters logistic model was established to estimate the likelihood of fatal and severe injuries to passengers as a function of various factors. Results: Our results indicated substantial inconsistences in the effects of risk factors between models of non-collision injuries and collision injuries. The severity of passenger injuries tended to increase significantly when non-collision incidents occurred due to excessive speed of bus drivers, on double-decker buses, in less urbanized areas, in winter, in heavy rains, during daytime, and at night without street lighting. Elderly female passengers were also found more likely to be fatally or severely injured in non-collision incidents if they lost their balance while boarding, alighting from, or standing on a bus. In comparison, the following factors were associated with a greater likelihood of fatal or severe injuries in collision incidents: elderly female passengers, standing passengers who lost balance, buses out of driver control, double-decker buses, collisions with vehicles or objects, and less urbanized areas. Practical Applications: Based on our comparative analysis, more targeted countermeasures, namely \"4E\" (engineering, enforcement, emergency, and education) and \"3A\" (awareness, appreciation, and assistance), were recommended to mitigate collision injuries and non-collision injuries to public bus passengers, respectively.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland Government contingency plans for COVID-19 include turning Dundonald Ice Bowl into a morgue to store bodies temporarily. A common extension is that the SSE (Odyssey) Arena has also been earmarked as a contingency morgue.", "evidence": "Covid-19: Northern Ireland's major milestones [...] But how did we get here? We take a look at the major milestones in Northern Ireland's response to Covid-19. [...] The public soon got used to Covid press briefings at Stormont with First and Deputy First Ministers Arlene Foster and Michelle O'Neill.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There are 1.2 billion fewer carrier bags distributed in Northern Ireland since the introduction of the carrier bag levy in 2012.", "evidence": "DAERA publish annual statistics relating to the carrier bag levy. In its most recent report for 2018/19, it provides a table of data (see Figure 1 in the report) that shows the total number of carrier bags dispensed in Northern Ireland, per annum, with the cumulative difference from the baseline figure in 2012. This data is summarised in the following graphic: [...] The Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) details the number of carrier bags dispensed each financial year under the carrier bag levy in Northern Ireland in an annual report since its introduction in 2013. [...] In its manifesto for the 2019 General Election, the SDLP claimed the introduction of the (plastic) carrier bag levy in 2013 removed 1.2 billion bags from Northern Ireland and raised almost \u00a330 million for environmental projects.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "There are 40,000 third-level students in northwest Ireland, with 7,000 graduates annually ready for employment.", "evidence": "Third-level education in the Republic of Ireland includes all education after second-level, encompassing higher education in universities and colleges and further education on Post Leaving Certificate (PLC) and other courses. [...] Entry into third-level is generally very high in Ireland (as it also is in Northern Ireland), and among young adults (those aged 25 to 34), 41.6% of them have attained third-level degrees\u2014the second highest level in the EU after Cyprus, and substantially ahead of the average of 29.1%.[3] Broken down by gender, approximately 43% of women and 40% of men Ireland attend third level education.[4] [...] Grade inflation [edit]Ireland has a higher proportion of third-level graduates than any other EU country. At the same time, the proportion of graduates with first-class honours has reached record levels. There is disagreement about whether this increase is due to improved methods of instructing increasingly motivated students, or simple grade inflation. President Michael D. Higgins believes that it is due to grade inflation, and has expressed concern about the continued quality and value of university degrees. Whatever the reason might be, employers increasingly examine graduates' extracurricular activities, work experiences, and soft skills as they search for the most able applicants.[11] [12][13]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "21% of people in Northern Ireland are living with a long-term health problem or disability.", "evidence": "- Data on the percentage reporting a disability is sourced from the Labour Force Survey and uses the Government Statistical Service harmonised definition of disability. The definition covers people who report a physical or mental health condition or illnesses lasting or expected to last 12 months or more where this reduces their ability to carry out day-to-day activities. Overall, 21.7% of respondents aged 16-64 in Northern Ireland (Apr-Jun 2017) reported a long-term illness and a disability. In the UK overall the figure was 17.4%. - The two remaining measures in this domain are based on data from the Understanding Society Longitudinal Study. In 2015/16, 52.8% of respondents in Northern Ireland indicated that they were mostly or completely satisfied with their health. This is comparable with the UK overall (51.0%). - The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12), consists of 12 items and a score of 4 or more is regarded as an indication of mental ill health. The proportion of respondents in NI showing evidence of some mental ill health was 15.6% in 2015/16. In the UK overall, the proportion was 17.8%.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "There are approximately 100 lorries per day crossing the border between Northern Ireland and Ireland, and cross-border trade represents 0.5% of UK-EU trade.", "evidence": "The North\u2019s economy was not unaffected by this development. It also coincided with a detente between the two during this period. Starting with the Anglo-Irish Agreement in 1985 and then the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, political relations improved and translated into economic gains. Since the early 1990s there has been a steady growth in cross-border activities only partly slowed by the credit crisis of 2007-08. There have also been increases in tourism, investment and travel. Around 30,000 people cross the border daily for work purposes and approximately 177,000 lorries and 250,000 vans cross each month. Trade is now valued at around \u00a33 billion a year. [...] For the 1.81m people in the North and the 4.78m people in the Republic, this cross-border trade is huge. Of particular importance is the agricultural processing industry with supply chains crossing the border several times before final production.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The Court of Justice of the European Union is the supreme court for all Northern Ireland Protocol issues.", "evidence": "The European Court of Justice (ECJ), formally just the Court of Justice (French: Cour de Justice), is the supreme court of the European Union in matters of European Union law. As a part of the Court of Justice of the European Union, it is tasked with interpreting EU law and ensuring its uniform application across all EU member states under Article 263 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).[2] [...] Notes [edit]- ^ Under the terms of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland, concluded as part of the Brexit withdrawal agreement, the CJEU \u2014 and hence the ECJ \u2014 continues to have jurisdiction over the operation of EU law applying to Northern Ireland in relation to customs and the movement of goods, technical regulations, VAT and excise, the Single Electricity Market and State aid, and may hear applications for preliminary rulings made by Northern Irish courts.[1] [...] The Protocol will also confer full jurisdiction on the CJEU to oversee the operation of EU law applying to Northern Ireland in relation to customs and the movement of goods, technical regulations, VAT and excise, the Single Electricity Market and State aid; including the jurisdiction to hear applications for preliminary rulings submitted by the courts of Northern Ireland. The UK will have the right to participate in these proceedings as if it were a Member State.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Three-quarters of non-voters in Northern Ireland are pro-Union.", "evidence": "This article was updated on 16 November 2021. A section that compared the percentage of non-voters identified across four different organisations\u2019 polls was removed. We made this simplification after further discussions with polling organisations. This clarification did not affect FactCheckNI\u2019s original conclusion about the claim.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "UK passports are produced by non-UK companies.", "evidence": "Pre-Brexit, the contract for printing British passports had been held by British company De La Rue. In 2018, the contract for printing post-Brexit was awarded to Franco-Dutch company Gemalto, which in 2019 became Thales DIS, part of the multinational Thales Group. The passport booklets will be printed more cheaply in Poland, with a controversial loss of printer jobs at De La Rue, but the passports will be personalised in the UK across two sites.[4][5][6][7] All passports are now issued with the blue design and they are made by Thales DIS in Poland.[8][9][10][11] [...] Following open tender under EU public procurement rules in 2018, the Franco-Dutch security firm Gemalto was selected over British banknote and travel document printer De La Rue. The result of the tender proved highly controversial, as it saw the production of British passport blanks moved from Gateshead in the UK to Tczew, Poland.[9][10][11] Most passports are produced in Poland, due to it being more cost efficient. However, urgent, fast-tracked or premium-service passports, which are 34 or 50 pages, are locally produced at application-processing centres in the UK.[55] [...] In non-UK issue passports, the request is made by the Governor or Lieutenant-Governor of the territory in \"the Name of Her Britannic Majesty\". As with UK-issued passports, following the accession of King Charles III, the request will change to \"His Britannic Majesty\".", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "There were 84 children adopted in Northern Ireland in 2018.", "evidence": "Children adopted from care in Northern Ireland 2017/18.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Wearing face masks can cause harmful levels of reduced oxygen.", "evidence": "This claim is not accurate. Face masks have no impact on oxygen levels.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland has the lowest disposable income in the UK.", "evidence": "This claim is accurate. While Northern Ireland is experiencing growth in discretionary income, it is still disproportionately behind the rest of the UK.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "There are only DUP members (who are/were members of a Northern Ireland political party) in the House of Lords", "evidence": "The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) is the largest unionist political party in Northern Ireland. [...] There are eight DUP MPs in Westminster following the 2019 general election. They are Sammy Wilson, Gavin Robinson, Jeffrey Donaldson, Jim Shannon, Gregory Campbell, Paul Girvan, Carla Lockhart and Ian Paisley. Former deputy leader Nigel Dodds also sits in the House of Lords at Westminster. [...] No, the DUP only fields candidates in Northern Ireland elections, including general elections in which members of parliament (MPs) are elected to sit in Westminster as part of the UK government.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Renters and owner-occupiers may have to pay their rates in full, while landlords can get a 10% allowance off their own rates bills. Since 1996, the private rental sector has grown significantly \u2013 from negligible size to around 13% of homes today, a similar proportion to the Housing Executive and all housing associations combined.", "evidence": "private renters social renters owner occupiers [...] Social renters and owner-occupiers [...] Additional restrictions for owner-occupiers", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Only the Irish language is banned in courts in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "English is the working language of court proceedings in Northern Ireland; interpretation and translation services are provided for those who do not speak or understand English. Whether this policy is informed by the Penal Laws is currently contested.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "82% of the public are now wearing face masks [or coverings] on Translink buses and trains in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "Translink has clarified its policy on the wearing of face masks on public transport across Northern Ireland. [...] A Translink spokesperson told Belfast Live : \"We continue to follow public health guidance regarding the wearing of face coverings. \"To help keep everyone safe and in line with the latest guidance, we are encouraging our passengers to wear a face covering, if they can, in stations and on-board buses and trains.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The DOJ and NIO joint fund an \u00a38 million a year Programme for Tackling Paramilitary Activity and Organised Crime that funds engagement directly with paramilitary organisations, such as the UVF, UFF, RHC, and UDA.", "evidence": "Announcing a mix of immediate and longer term funding to extend the cross-Executive Tackling Paramilitarism, Criminality and Organised Crime Programme, Justice Minister Naomi Long said paramilitaries hold communities back, exploit them, deny them opportunities they deserve and hurt them, in many cases maiming people and carrying out horrific human rights abuses with lasting impacts on individuals, their families and our society. [...] The First Minister, Arlene Foster said \"I am pleased that proposals have been approved to ensure the continued delivery of the Tackling Paramilitary Activity, Criminality and Organised Crime Programme. [...] Influencing community attitudes to education and raising aspirations is key to both reducing educational underachievement and therefore tackling paramilitary activity and organised crime.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Arlene Foster, the leader of the Democratic Unionist Party, said that the party delivered \u201can extra billion pounds\u201d for Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "infrastructure development (\u00a3200m for 2 years) health service transformation (\u00a3100m for 2 years) broadband development (\u00a375m for 2 years) immediate pressures in health and education (\u00a350m for 2 years) pockets of severe deprivation (\u00a320m for 5 years) mental health (\u00a310m for 5 years)", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "MLAs were paid \u201cnearly \u00a32.2 million\u201d in salaries up to 3rd September 2017.", "evidence": "MLAs earn twice national average as \u00a31,000 pay hike takes salaries up to \u00a349k Pat McCartan chaired the panel which looked at MLAs\u2019 salaries [...] MLAs have been awarded a new \u00a31,000-a-year pay boost - even before the next Assembly is elected.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Almost half of criminals released from prison in Northern Ireland went on to re-offend within 12 months of being freed.", "evidence": "The claim is accurate. However, while the article does break down re-offending rates among criminals released from prison, the majority of offenders receive sentences that do not require time in prison. The re-offending rate for Northern Ireland in 2012/13 was 18.5% for all offenders, which is similar to the rate documented in previous years, as well as in England & Wales.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "According to polling, most people planning to cast a first preference vote for the UUP in May\u2019s Assembly election will switch their vote to nationalists before they provide a transfer to other unionist parties.", "evidence": "One notable departure from the conventional trajectory of Northern Ireland elections was the comments by the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) leader Mike Nesbitt on 13 February. In an interview on the BBC, Mr. Nesbitt announced he would be transferring his preference vote to the nationalist SDLP once he had voted for all UUP candidates.[1] While Nesbitt stopped short of calling on all UUP supporters to follow his lead, senior party figures criticised his call. Mr. Nesbitt also earned a strong rebuke from first minister and DUP leader Arlene Foster who said: \"It is dangerous to advocate supporting candidates who are Pro-United Ireland above preferences for fellow unionists. The greater the number of nationalist MLAs elected the stronger the push will be for a Border Poll.\"[2] [...] [1] See: http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-38960977 [2] See: http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland-assembly-election/dup-leader-claims-it-is-dangerous-to-transfer-votes-to-nationalists-35460405.html [3] We do not assume that the outcome would have been the same under a system where only the first preferences taken into account. Rather, our focus is on what happens to transfers.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "More than 700,000 people born in Northern Ireland have an Irish passport.", "evidence": "At least 700,000 people born in Northern Ireland now hold an Irish passport. [...] With Brexit approaching on Friday, will people with Irish passports retain more rights than those with British passports living in Northern Ireland? [...] On a visit to Belfast on Monday, the European Union's chief negotiator Michel Barnier said: \"Whilst Northern Ireland will no longer be part of the EU, people born and raised here that choose to be Irish citizens will still be EU citizens.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The DUP at no point has ever agreed to establish an Irish Language Act with the UK government, with the Irish government, with Sinn F\u00e9in or anybody else.", "evidence": "The St Andrew\u2019s Agreement committed the UK Government to an Irish Language Act, but subsequent legislation compelled the Northern Ireland Executive to produce a strategy (which may or may not include an Irish Language Act).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There is strong evidence that in 2022, delays in Northern Ireland\u2019s emergency departments led to the premature deaths of 1,434 people.", "evidence": "- According to an analysis by the Royal College of Emergency Medicine, in 2022 in NI a total of 1,434 people died due to delays in emergency departments. [...] An analysis by the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) found that, in 2022, delays in emergency departments in Northern Ireland led to 1,434 premature deaths. FactCheckNI verified this earlier this year. [...] In short, RCEM\u2019s calculations found that in 2022 1,434 people who attended an emergency department (ED) and were subsequently admitted to hospital died as a result of delays they experienced while in ED \u2013 and would otherwise not have died in the 30 days following admission.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "No one in Mid Ulster speaks Irish as their first language.", "evidence": "This claim is inaccurate. 440 people living in the local government district spoke Irish as their first language, according to the 2011 Census. 22,986 people have some knowledge of the Irish language in this jurisdiction.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The NI Executive\u2019s commitment to provide financial support for new football, GAA and rugby stadiums involved an equal split between sports.", "evidence": "The Northern Ireland Executive has pledged to pay \u00a362.5m, the Irish government has promised \u20ac50m (\u00a343m) and the GAA - the sporting body which oversees Gaelic games - has said it would contribute \u00a315m. [...] At that time, Northern Ireland's three main stadiums for football, rugby and GAA - Windsor Park, Ravenhill, and Casement - were seen as increasingly not fit for purpose. [...] Most football league grounds in Northern Ireland are in dire need of redevelopment. And with the \u00a325m earmarked for Windsor, it would mean football and Gaelic games both getting an equal slice - \u00a361m - from the public purse.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Lagan Valley is one of the least wooded areas in Northern Ireland, particularly with regards to ancient woodland.", "evidence": "Therefore, it is fair to say that Lagan Valley is one of the least wooded areas in NI. [...] Lisburn & Castlereagh is the least densely wooded council (3.7%) in Northern Ireland, followed by Armagh, Banbridge & Craigavon (4.0%) and Antrim & Newtownabbey (4.4%). [...] Based on all this, Ms Eastwood\u2019s claim that \"Lagan Valley is one of the least wooded areas in NI\" is backed by evidence \u2013 although the precise figures are available broken down by council areas, rather than Westminster/Assembly constituencies.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Only 3 out of 12 regions are net contributors to the UK Treasury.", "evidence": "\"Northern Ireland has lost out as the result of a deeply unbalanced economy within the UK. There is a heavy focus around the south-east of England and those sectors which predominate there. For example, only 3/12 UK regions are net contributors to UK Treasury.\" [...] In other words, if a region is receiving more from UK Treasury, in terms of revenue to a region\u2019s residents and businesses, than revenue that the region gives to UK Treasury (e.g. via taxes), then that region is said to have a \"positive net fiscal balance\". Conversely, a \"negative net fiscal balance\" means that a region gives more revenue to UK Treasury than the revenue that the region receives from UK Treasury. The Alliance Party stated in their Westminster Manifesto 2019 that \"only 3/12 UK regions are net contributors to UK Treasury\". Data from the ONS corroborates this; only London, the southeast, and the east of England are net contributors to the UK Treasury. The claim by the Alliance Party is accurate.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Central arts funding per capita in Northern Ireland is \u00a34.72 per year, compared with \u00a322.50 per person, per year in Ireland.", "evidence": "\"Our Director of Arts Development @Gcampbellini & Director of Strategic Development & Partnerships @karlygreene highlight the disparity in arts funding (per capita, NI: \u00a34.72; RoI: \u00a322.50) at the Oireachtas Joint Committee on Tourism, Culture, Arts, Sport & Media.\" [...] It is also worth noting that central arts funding in Ireland also includes support for architecture, which is not the case in Northern Ireland. [...] At the time of the claim, Ireland\u2019s per capita arts spending was \u00a322.50, which is around 4.8 times larger than NI\u2019s equivalent figure of \u00a34.72, meaning the original claim was supported by evidence.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "In 2015, nearly 1% of employees were not paid minimum wage.", "evidence": "In their 2016 Assembly Election Manifesto, the SDLP claims that in 2015 nearly 1% of people in Northern Ireland earned less than the National Minimum Wage (NMW). This statistic can be found in a press release published by the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment (DETI) on 18 November 2015, where they state that \"0.9% of jobs were paid below the National Minimum Wage in 2015.\" This rate is relatively on par with the rest of the UK, where that rate stood at 0.8% that year. [...] First of all, it is important to note that the same NMW does not apply to everyone. The deciding factor is age, with those over 21, between 18 \u2013 21, and 16 \u2013 17 having a guaranteed wage of \u00a36.70, \u00a35.30, and \u00a33.87 per hour respectively. Apprentices under 19, or over 19 but in the first year of their program, are only guaranteed \u00a33.30 per hour. There are many who remain exempt, particularly those who are self-employed, or are the directors of a company. People living and working in a religious community, share fishermen, and prisoners are among the other categories of individuals who do not fall under the NMW regulations. [...] The NIESR report concluded that women and younger workers are most likely to be underpaid. Apprentices have been singled out as the biggest single group that is most at risk, and consequently is in the greatest need of protection.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Over 95% of people living in south Belfast own their own home.", "evidence": "The rent is also quite low, especially given that I live in south Belfast. I don't think I'll ever buy a house - my amazing neighbours are one of the reasons I want to stay put. We have a wonderful community here.\" [...] I rent a flat in south Belfast and I've always rented. [...] I live in south Belfast and I like my neighbours.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The SDLP manifesto for the 2022 Assembly election claims: \u201cThe \u00a320 Universal Credit cut marked the largest overnight welfare cut since World War II.\u201d", "evidence": "Mr Carroll: The decision by the Tories to reduce universal credit by \u00a31,000 a year will have a devastating impact on people in my constituency of West Belfast and right across the North. Millions of people will be impacted by the cut, and, in the North, we know that 105,000 households will lose \u00a320 a week with the uplift being abolished. Given that we have larger families here compared with other places in the UK, some 300,000 people, according to the Government's own figures, will be impacted by the cut. Why, therefore, are the Executive putting up such a meek front on the question? The cut will push people further into poverty, hardship and difficulty. The Executive should be screaming about that and should mount a wall of resistance against the Tories' plans to implement this drastic cut, which is the worst in decades.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "If 45 members of the Northern Ireland Assembly vote to revoke the Northern Ireland Protocol, then the Protocol goes.", "evidence": "to address the unique circumstances on the island of Ireland; to maintain the necessary conditions for continued North-South cooperation; to avoid a hard border [on the island of Ireland]; and to protect the 1998 Agreement in all its dimensions.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Two decades ago, around 26,000 people were waiting for social housing. Now that figure is over 45,000", "evidence": "- Official data for the past two quarters shows that over 45,000 applicants are on Northern Ireland\u2019s social housing waiting list. [...] According to those figures, a total of 45,292 applicants are on the social housing waiting list. Data for the previous quarter also showed over 45,000 applicants on the list. [...] That report is accompanied by official figures that cover the past two decades which show that, in 2002-03, there were 26,248 applicants on the waiting list.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland purchases from Great Britain are four times more valuable than those from Ireland.", "evidence": "In 2020, Northern Ireland's main imports source for trade goods was Great Britain, with goods purchases from here amounting to approximately 10.6 billion British pounds. The value of goods imports into the Northern Ireland from the rest of the European Union, on the other hand, was valued at two billion British pounds. [...] NISRA. \"Value of goods exports and imports to Northern Ireland (UK) in 2020, by source market* (in billion GBP).\" Chart. May 18, 2022. Statista. Accessed October 09, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1123628/purchases-and-imports-by-destination-northern-ireland/ [...] Value of goods exports and imports to Northern Ireland (UK) in 2020, by source market* (in billion GBP) [Graph], NISRA, May 18, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1123628/purchases-and-imports-by-destination-northern-ireland/", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Social media posts are circulating showing supermarket shelves that have been covered over or taped off to prevent customers purchasing certain items. Reference is made to this happening in Belfast and Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "At the time of writing, Wales is the only part of the UK that has restricted the sale of non-essential items in supermarkets. There is no indication that this model of restriction will be introduced in Northern Ireland.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Food bank in Enniskillen now feeding 1 in 5 people in the town.", "evidence": "Fermanagh has highest % of over 65 with income below poverty matrix. [...] Enniskillen FOOD BANK IS FEEDING 1 IN 5 FAMILIES 20 percent of the population of Enniskillen have relied on food bank support at some point in the last year. [...] This is another indicator of the substantially higher needs of those with disabilities in Fermanagh.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Ireland\u2019s two wealthiest people are worth more financially than the poorest 50% of the population.", "evidence": "Reputable information exists that supports this claim", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "To provide free GP care in the Republic of Ireland, which already exists in NI as it is part of the UK, would cost the Dublin Exchequer an extra \u00a3880 million", "evidence": "Public policy in Ireland has committed to extending free GP care to all, on a phased basis. In 2015, under 6s and over 70s became eligible for free GP care. It has recently been announced that free GP care for the under 12s is to be rolled out in 2020. Free GP care was previously restricted to those qualifying for a means tested Medical Card or GP Visit Card. In May 2015, 41.0% of the population was in receipt of free means tested GP care. Private patients were charged an estimated \u20ac50 per GP visit. The principal concern here is how the abolition of this fee will affect the utilisation of GP services. [...] The impact of free GP care in Ireland on the utilisation of GP services has been estimated in order to help with future medical manpower planning and in quantifying the potential costs of universal healthcare. These estimates are again based on retrospective patient self-reporting surveys and relies on the \"best available data\"- GUI, TILDA, QNHS and Survey of Income and Living Conditions (SILC) or Living in Ireland Surveys (LIS), a forerunner of SILC (18-49 years). [...] Gorecki, P. (2018). The Impact of Free GP Care on the Utilisation of GP Services in Ireland: An Evaluation of Different Approaches, The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 49, No. 2, Summer 2018, pp.201-215.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "By 29 September last year, at least 47 people in NI had died from \u201cvaccine injury\u201d.", "evidence": "Almost 900,000 people in Northern Ireland have received at least one dose of vaccine. [...] The publication of clear, detailed vaccination statistics will allow the public in Northern Ireland to get a much better idea of any gaps in our vaccine rollout. [...] Without doubt, vaccinations have been having an impact on the death rate in the UK.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The provision of full-time (equivalent) maternity pay in the UK is among the lowest in Europe.", "evidence": "This claim is accurate. In an OECD report, the UK ranked 9th lowest of 33 European countries for \"full-rate equivalent\" paid maternity leave. Including home care leave (childcare), the UK ranks 4th lowest in Europe. [...] If \"lowest\" means the lower half of a list ranking, then the UK was among the lowest among the OECD and European countries for full-rate equivalent paid maternity leave. Note that the UK was not among the three lowest ranking European countries. If the additional payments of home care leave is considered, then the UK was the 4th lowest ranked European country for \"total paid leave available to mothers\". This is distinct from the investigated claim of full-time (equivalent) maternity pay.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "There is a greater chance of a motorcyclist aged 67 in Northern Ireland dying in a motorcycle collision than being affected by COVID-19.", "evidence": "Aging Motorcyclists Hit the Road, But at Greater Risk of Injury, Death Motorcycle riders across the country are growing older, and the impact of this trend is evident in emergency rooms daily. Doctors are finding that these aging road warriors are more likely to be injured or die as a result of a motorcycle mishap compared to their younger counterparts. [...] Motorcycle crashes are a significant cause of injury and death on our nation\u2019s roadways, despite the fact that motorcycles are responsible for only a small fraction of the total miles traveled annually in the United States. The authors say that the study provides justification for expanding the scope of motorcycle safety research, education and training initiatives to specifically target the older motorcyclist.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "40% of Unionists are happy about a potential trade border in the Irish Sea.", "evidence": "15.0%: As part of Brexit, there should be a Northern Ireland-only \u2018Backstop\u2019 with Northern Ireland more closely aligned with the EU than the rest of the UK 81.0%: As part of Brexit, there should not be a Northern Ireland-only \u2018Backstop\u2019 and Northern Ireland should leave the EU on exactly the same terms as the rest of the UK 4.0%: Not sure/Don\u2019t know, but would probably vote 0.0%: Uncertain", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "[The] average tenure of a PSNI Chief Constable is about the same as those in England and Wales", "evidence": "PSNI chief constables have averaged 5.2 years in post. Looking only at chief constables who finished their tenure this century, and at the 15 largest forces across the UK, we found that chief constables average 5.7 years in their role. The average tenure for such forces in England and Wales specifically is 5.8 years. For extra context, in the same period Garda Commissioners have averaged 4.1 years in position.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland has the highest levels of child poverty in the UK.", "evidence": "Northern Ireland has seen little progress on child poverty for more than five years, according to figures released last month. [...] - One in four children (24%) \u2013 around 95,000 in total - are growing up in poverty in Northern Ireland, with two thirds of that group (66%) growing up in families where parents are working - Places with the highest levels of child poverty include Belfast (26.1%), Derry and Strabane (26.0%) and Newry and Mourne (26.3%) [...] Speaking on behalf of End Child Poverty Lorna Ballard, National Director for Northern Ireland Action for Children, said: \"Every day we see families struggling to make ends meet, worrying about providing for their children\u2019s\u2019 basic needs and making decisions like whether to heat their homes or pay for food, and the situation is only getting worse.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The next electoral canvass in Northern Ireland must be completed before 2023, ten years after the 2013 canvass.", "evidence": "2023 Northern Ireland local elections [...] - ^ \"Northern Ireland local election results 2023\". BBC News. Retrieved 20 May 2023. [...] - ^ \"Lisburn and Castlereagh result - Northern Ireland Council Elections 2023\". BBC News. Retrieved 19 May 2023.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The Guardian claimed that journalism charity Full Fact is \u201cthe only UK member of\u201d Facebook\u2019s fact-checking programme.", "evidence": "FactCheckNI is another UK member of Facebook\u2019s third party fact checking programme. The Guardian promptly corrected its article.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Over 40,000 people in Northern Ireland are on the Housing Executive waiting list - with 30,000 of them in \u2018housing stress\u2019 - yet only around 2,000 social or affordable homes are built each year.", "evidence": "The Ulster Unionist Party manifesto for the 2022 Assembly Election says: \"Unfortunately, over 40,000 people in Northern Ireland are on the NI Housing Executive (NIHE) waiting list of whom 30,000 are in \u2018housing stress\u2019. [...] The claim about the number of social or affordable homes being built each year is harder to verify \u2013 but \u2018around 2,000\u2019 is not a terrible estimate. The Northern Ireland Housing Statistics 2020-21 state that some 43,971 people were on the Northern Ireland Housing Executive waiting list as of 31st March 2021 \u2013 and also that, of this cohort, 30,288 applicants are in \u2018housing stress\u2019.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "There was a rock fall on the Antrim coast road on 9 August 2017.", "evidence": "This claim is inaccurate. The image is a cropped version of one published in a local American newspaper, reporting on a rock fall that took place in Lawrence County, Ohio, on 10 April 2015.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "About 2% of pregnancy terminations take place between 20 and 24 weeks.", "evidence": "- Norway: In 2005, 2.28% of induced abortions were performed between 13 and 16 weeks, 1.24% of abortions between 17 and 20 weeks, and 0.20% over 21 weeks.[29] Between February 15, 2010, and December 1, 2011, a total number of ten abortions were performed between 22 and 24 weeks. These have been declared illegal by The Norwegian Directorate of Health. Women who seek an abortion after the 12-week time limit must apply to a special medical assessment board \u2013 called an \"abortion board\" (Norwegian: abortnemnd or prim\u00e6rnemnd) \u2013 that will determine whether or not to grant them an abortion.[30] [...] 1.3% of abortions occur after 21 weeks of pregnancy in the US. Although it is very uncommon, women undergoing surgical abortion after this gestational age sometimes give birth to a fetus that may survive briefly.[55][56][57] The periviable period is considered to be between 20 and 25 weeks gestation.[58] Long-term survival is possible after 22 weeks.[59] However, odds of long-term survival between 22 and 23 weeks are 2\u20133 percent and odds of survival between 23 and 24 weeks are 20 percent.[60] \"Intact survival\", which means survival of a neonate without subsequent damage to organs such as the brain or bowel is 1% at 22 weeks and 13% at 23 weeks.[60] Survival odds increase with increasing gestational age.[60]", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "CLAIM: There have been just 113 COVID-19 deaths in all in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "The Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (Nisra) counts the number of death certificates that mention Covid-19, regardless of whether that person had a test for the virus. This is usually published on Friday mornings. [...] In Northern Ireland, out of every 60 positive Covid cases, we can expect one person to die. [...] Of the 834 people in Northern Ireland's hospital with Covid, 62 are in intensive care.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A third of young people from Northern Ireland who go to university travel outside Northern Ireland, mainly to the North West of England and Scotland, and only a third of those who graduate return back home.", "evidence": "Third of NI students leave for universities elsewhere Over a third of students from Northern Ireland began their degree at a university elsewhere in the UK last year. [...] Previous figures have shown that fewer than a third return home to work after graduation.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland is the only part of Europe that does not have climate change legislation.", "evidence": "The protocol does that by keeping Northern Ireland in the EU's single market for goods and by having Northern Ireland apply EU customs rules at its ports. [...] But only Northern Ireland firms will avoid new regulatory checks because they will still be following EU single market rules. Northern Ireland may also be able to mitigate disruption at the English Channel ports in a way other parts of the UK cannot.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The murder rate in Belfast was sixth highest in a list of cities in Europe (according to 2010 data).", "evidence": "A graphic that is being shared on social media compares murder rates between American and European cities. Belfast is ranked sixth in the list of cities in Europe, with a rate of 3.3 murders per year, per 100,000 people. These figures are based on 2010 data. But how accurate and inclusive are the figures included in this claim? [...] We also discovered gaps in the reporting of cities in the UK and Ireland. For 2010, the UNODC report just shows homicide rates for the largest regional cities: Belfast (2.8), Glasgow (4.3), London (1.6), and Dublin (2.0). However, data does exist for other cities in these regions. [...] It is inaccurate to say that Belfast was the sixth highest in murder (homicide) rate for a European city in 2010. The UNODC data placed it 17th that year, and this source of information represents a selection of European cities; there are non listed cities with rates higher than Belfast\u2019s.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The last man to attack the US Capitol, prior to the events on 6 January 2021, was a British Army Major General from Northern Ireland, in 1814.", "evidence": "In August 1814, British forces occupying the Chesapeake Bay began to sail up the Patuxent River in Maryland. Fearing an attack on the capital, Secretary of State James Monroe offered to scout the British position and report back to President James Madison. Monroe, accompanied by cavalry, left Washington and rode into southern Maryland.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Vegans cannot take COVID-19 vaccines because they contain animal products.", "evidence": "Vegandale organizers did not respond to a request for comment, but their policy reflects a long-standing argument within the vegan community over the ethics of vaccinations, with a vocal group denouncing them as non-vegan due to animal testing and because some vaccines contain animal byproducts. That includes voices from conspiracy theorists like German vegan cookbook author Atilla Hildmann. In fact, in England, vegans are considered by law as a protected class, afforded the same exceptions as those who say religion prohibits them from certain practices, including vaccinations. That\u2019s led some U.K. anti-vaxxers to feign veganism as a strategy to avoid a jab. None of the three U.S.-approved COVID-19 vaccines contain animal products, though laws require animal testing before medications reach the market. Animal rights activists and proponents of veganism at PETA have advised vegans to get vaccinated, as there is no better option right now and staying healthy is the best path in continuing to support animal rights. Though breakthrough cases are possible, health experts point to data revealing that vaccines reduce the risk of severe illness, hospitalization, and death by roughly 90 percent, even as the more contagious delta variant wreaks havoc across the nation. [...] \"As far as the vaccine not being vegan?\" he says. \"If there\u2019s a better option, let me know.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "77% of working mothers endure some kind of discrimination.", "evidence": "Saying the gender pay gap is a result of women making positive choices, rejects the idea that discrimination towards mothers exists. With 54,000 women a year losing their jobs for getting pregnant and 77% of working mums saying they have endured some kind of discrimination in the workplace, we now know that this is a massive issue, with women having their careers snatched away from them when they become mothers. We also know that this type of discrimination affects women before they get pregnant, with 40% of managers saying they would avoid hiring a women of childbearing age. Women are being discriminated against just because they have a uterus. That doesn\u2019t sound like a positive choice to me.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland is one of the least expensive places in the UK for childcare.", "evidence": "While you might assume that London is the least affordable place to live in the UK, it's actually Winchester in Hampshire that's been rated as most expensive in comparison to the average salary in the area. In fact, London doesn't even make it into the top five least affordable UK cities. On the other end of the scale, Derry in Northern Ireland has been highlighted as the most affordable city when you weigh up wage and house prices. So without further ado, here are the full lists...", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Children who take a COVID-19 vaccine 52 times more likely to suffer an early death.", "evidence": "The headline of a July 27 blog post by The Daily Expos\u00e9 claims: \"SHOCKING: U.K. government admits COVID vaccinated children are 4,423% more likely to die of any cause & 13,633% more likely to die of COVID-19 than unvaccinated children.\" [...] A blog post said that in England, \"COVID-19 vaccinated children are 4,423% more likely to die of any cause and 13,633% more likely to die of COVID-19 than unvaccinated children.\" [...] The Expos\u00e9, \"SHOCKING: UK Government admits COVID Vaccinated Children are 4423% more likely to die of any cause & 13,633% more likely to die of COVID-19 than Unvaccinated Children,\" July 27, 2022", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "All taxis can use bus lanes in many cities in Ireland and the UK.", "evidence": "National taxi association SUPPORTS all PHVs using bus lanes, but cabbies disagree [...] In most cities in the UK, only public taxis can use bus lanes, while PHVs are not allowed. This is because public taxis are considered to provide a public service similar to buses, while PHVs are seen as private cars. Public taxis also have stricter licensing and safety standards than PHVs, and they are subject to metered fares regulated by local authorities. [...] However, there are some exceptions to this rule. In Ireland, both public taxis and PHVs can use bus lanes, as long as they are operating as small public service vehicles (SPSVs). In Northern Ireland, only public taxis and wheelchair-accessible PHVs can use bus lanes. In some UK cities, such as Cardiff, Coventry, Glasgow, Liverpool, Nottingham and Sheffield, PHVs can also use bus lanes under certain conditions or on specific routes.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "A British Army veteran who served in Northern Ireland during the Troubles is 54 times more likely than a Republican or Loyalist paramilitary to be prosecuted for alleged offences pre-dating the 1998 Belfast Agreement.", "evidence": "The issue of prosecuting former British soldiers who served in Northern Ireland during the [...] Most recently, in February 2024, the PPS announced that four British Army veterans would be prosecuted for murder or attempted murder in two incidents that occurred in Belfast in May 1972. [...] Crisp, \"Four More Troubles Veterans Prosecuted as Cases \u2018Rushed Through\u2019 Before Amnesty Deadline,\" Telegraph,", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Business rates on Main Street in Larne are the same as Regent Street in London.", "evidence": "Data provided by Northern Ireland Land and Property Services for Main Street in Larne shows the rateable value of properties on Main Street are on average much lower than Regent Street. The average non-exempt Net Annual Value of the 125 non-domestic properties in Larne is \u00a39,842, with average rates before reliefs working out around \u00a35.8k; if the relevant small business rates relief is applied, average rates would fall to around \u00a35.1k. [...] The property with the highest rateable value on Regent Street is the flagship Apple store at 235 Regent Street with a rateable value of \u00a34.4m. On Main Street in Larne the property with the highest NAV is the former Dunnes Stores at 35-41 Main Street with a rateable value of \u00a3140,500. [...] Despite the multipliers \u2014 or \"poundage\" \u2014 on non-domestic properties in Larne being higher than the equivalent rates in London, far higher commercial rents in the West End of London mean that rates in Regent Street are on average much higher than they are on Main Street in Larne.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland has the highest number of children in care since the introduction of the Children Order in 1995.", "evidence": "In January 2022, 3,566 children in Northern Ireland were recorded as being in care, which is the highest recorded figure since 1995, according to Department of Health statistics which have been trending upwards for more than a decade.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Additional months of validity on UK passports issued before the UK left the EU are no longer valid.", "evidence": "An Instagram post claimed that if a UK passport issued before the UK left the EU had additional months for its validity, then those extra months are no longer valid. The post included an example of a passport issued on 21 June 2012, with an expiry date of 21 December 2012; the revised expiry date is 21 June 2012. [...] Before the United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 January 2020, and during the transition period that ended on 31 December 2020, British passports were accepted for travel to all other countries in the European Union regardless of the duration of the passport or the amount of time remaining before the expiry of the passport. [...] - the requirement from most European countries to have at least 3 months left on your passport on the day after you leave", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The UUP\u2019s manifesto for the 2022 Assembly election says there is a \u201cpersistent and unacceptable attainment gap at GCSE between Protestant and Catholic pupils entitled to free school meals and those not entitled to free school meals.\u201d", "evidence": "Speech by UUP leader Doug Beattie MC at launch of 2022 Assembly Election Manifesto Ulster Unionist Party Leader, Doug Beattie MC 2022 Assembly Election Manifesto Launch [...] Click Here to view the Ulster Unionist Party 2022 Assembly Election Manifesto", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "One in five school staff in Northern Ireland are assaulted at least once a week.", "evidence": "More than a quarter of education staff in Northern Ireland have been physically assaulted by pupils, a union claimed today. [...] ATL branch president in Northern Ireland Andy Brown said: \"It is totally unacceptable that poor pupil behaviour continues to be such a widespread problem in schools and colleges, and shocking that over a third of staff have experienced aggression from students\u2019 parents or guardians. [...] Incidents of physical attacks were far more prevalent in primary schools with 48 per cent of staff reporting pupils being physically aggressive, compared with 20 per cent working at secondary level.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Translink spoke about their hope that the Glider would reduce journey times on public transport by 25%.", "evidence": "On 25 August 2018, Cindy Stubberfield, the Glider project engagement manager, was interviewed by Ivan Little and quoted saying that she hoped that the journey times would be cut by \"25% to 30%\". This aspiration was also presented on Translink\u2019s website and corporate advertisements. [...] In order to achieve the aspiration of a 25% reduction in journey times, the Glider system offers greater passenger capacity, on-street ticketing machines, and an expanded frequency of service. Official figures from Belfast Rapid Transit provide evidence of an improvement in reduction journey times on public transport on the Glider bus service. The reduced journey time target of 25% reduction was achieved on one route (Dundonald Park & Ride to Belfast city centre). However, this reduction has not yet been achieved on the second measured route, though Translink offer mitigating factors (primarily journey diversions caused by the Bank Buildings fire) to explain the 7% reduction. (FactCheckNI hope to revisit this claim over the next year to assess whether the planned reductions are being met now that buses are once again able to travel through the city centre.)", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Projections from the Department of Infrastructure indicate that 38% of all properties in Northern Ireland will be at risk of flooding by 2080.", "evidence": "Assessing Future Flood Risk and Developing Integrated Flood Risk Management Strategies: A Case Study from the UK Climate Change Risk Assessment [...] 3.2. River Flooding 3.3. Coastal Flooding 3.4. Surface Water Flooding 3.5. Impact and Analysis of the RWS, CLA and EWS FRM Portfolios 4. Discussion and Conclusions 4.1. Flood Risk Management Policy Development in Complex Governance Structures 4.2. Uncertainty in Integrated Flood Risk Management Measures 4.3. Conclusions - The range of EAD projections for all flood sources is projected to increase by between 18% and 160% by the 2080s depending on the assumptions applied on climate change, population growth, and adaptation actions. - It is possible to reduce EAD from river flood risk by the 2080s.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ninety per cent of those who died during the Troubles were killed by paramilitaries.", "evidence": "Statistics about killings during the Troubles suggest that 87% of killings were perpetrated by paramilitary groupings, with the figure falling to 85% if evidence to date about collusion is taken into account. However, classifications of responsibility will continue to change as further evidence comes to light.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland is one of the most \u201clocked-down\u201d places in the world.", "evidence": "This article explains what the rules of \"lockdown\" during COVID-19 are in Northern Ireland. [...] Northern Ireland is currently under \u2018lockdown\u2019 since 23 March with citizens practicing social distancing to contain the spread of COVID-19. All citizens must stay at home unless they have a reasonable excuse or necessity for leaving. [...] Northern Ireland and the lockdown", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Derry/Londonderry is the only city of its prominence in the UK that does not have its own higher education institution, according to Lord Adonis.", "evidence": "There are several other urban areas in the UK that do not have a higher education institution headquartered in their locale (for example Darlington, Southport, Harrogate, Scunthorpe, Crewe and East Kilbride). On 12 July 2019, Lord Adonis \u2014 a former UK Government advisor and education minister \u2014 claimed that Derry/Londonderry is \"the only city of its prominence\" in the UK that doesn\u2019t have a higher education institution with its main campus in the city. He added: \"It is deeply unfair that Derry/Londonderry continues to lose out because of the historical decision to base the headquarters of Ulster University in Coleraine\". [...] Lord Adonis made a claim that Derry/Londonderry is the only city \"of its prominence\" in the UK without a higher education institution. FactCheckNI used the consensual definitions of settlements and built-up areas as described by UK statutory statistical agencies (in the absence of any statutory definition of \"city\" and the unreliability of comparing local government authority populations as a proxy for major urban centres). We found many other locales of similar population size to Derry/Londonderry without their own headquartered higher education institutions (for example, Darlington, Southport, Harrogate, Scunthorpe, Crewe and East Kilbride).", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Dungiven has some of the worst nitrogen dioxide (NO2) readings in Western Europe", "evidence": "Infrastructure Minister John O\u2019Dowd has highlighted the significant impact of the A6 Dungiven to Drumahoe Scheme in reducing journey times, improving air quality and delivering economic benefits. [...] Standards call for average annual Nitrogen Dioxide readings to be under 40 microgrammes per cubic metre and Dungiven had breached this average several times in the past. Last year, since the Bypass of Dungiven was opened, the lowest average Nitrogen Dioxide readings were recorded of 22 microgrammes per cubic metre, with the local community benefiting from this improved air quality and reduced congestion within the village. \"I want to thank and pay tribute to the community of Dungiven who fought hard for this bypass, some of whom were in attendance today.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "In Belfast, the digital sector employs 26 per cent of the workforce.", "evidence": "The newspaper article misinterprets the Tech Nation \u201cJobs and Skills Report 2020\u201d, which states that for Belfast, from June to August 2020, 26% of job adverts at the online search site Adzuna were in the category of IT and engineering jobs. Using the most recent figures available from NISRA, we estimate that 8% of the workforce in Belfast is employed in jobs that fall into this category.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage pregnancy rates in Europe.", "evidence": "Socioeconomic determinants of teenage pregnancy and early motherhood in the United Kingdom: A perspective - PMID: 35079585 - PMCID: PMC8767081 - DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2021.52 [...] The United Kingdom has one of the highest teenage birth rates among countries in western Europe. Government initiatives such as the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy introduced by the labor government in 1999 to reduce the teenage pregnancy rate by half in ten years could be responsible for the steady decline in teenage conception and childbirth for the past two decades. However, to sustain this decrease it is crucial to consider the broader socioeconomic and environmental determinants of teenage pregnancy at the population level. A selected literature search was conducted in this respect to highlight the factors that could be neglected by recent interventions on teenage pregnancy and childbirth in the United Kingdom. [...] - - Kirchengast S. Teenage pregnancies: a worldwide social and medical problem. In: Laratta R, ed. An Analysis of Contemporary Social Welfare Issues. IntechOpen; 2016. 10.5772/65462 - DOI - - Office for National Statistics. Live births women aged \u2018Under 18\u2019 and \u2018Under 20\u2019, (per 1,000 women aged 15 to 17 and 15 to 19) in EU28 countries, 2004, 2013 and 2014. 2016. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarri.... Accessed January 7, 2020.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The cost of social division to the public purse in NI ranges between \u00a3400m and \u00a3830m every year.", "evidence": "Finance Minister Mervyn Storey today welcomed the independent report on the \u2018Cost of Division\u2019 in Northern Ireland society. [...] A Cost of Division report carried out by Deloitte in 2007 identified an upper ceiling of \u00a31.5billion. Using updated methodology, UUEPC has benchmarked costs with comparable regions across the UK to identify the range of \u00a3400m to \u00a3830m per annum. [...] - The report identifies an estimated range of additional annual public service costs relative to other comparable regions in the UK. It then uses these costs to provide a basis on which to estimate the potential cost of division in Northern Ireland. The conclusion identifies a cost range of approximately \u00a3400 million to \u00a3800 million per annum, which at least in part is caused by the need to provide services in a divided society.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "On average, three women are killed by men every week, while one in four women has been a victim of rape or sexual assault at some point.", "evidence": "Based on various sources, it is accurate to say that am average of three women are killed by men each week in the UK", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "60% of people in Northern Ireland are against the backstop.", "evidence": "The ESM common backstop will be used only as a last resort, in the situation that the SRF is depleted, and the Single Resolution Board (SRB) is not able to raise sufficient contributions or borrow funds from other sources at acceptable rates.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "77% of young people in the UK don\u2019t want Brexit.", "evidence": "The truth about young people and Brexit - Published [...] In fact, while Steven accepts that \"most young people voted Remain,\" he thinks, \"Brexit is an amazing opportunity for young people\" because \"it means we can sign free-trade deals around the world, reducing tariffs on consumer goods from phones to food, and making our hard-earned cash go even further.\" After Brexit, he hopes issues like housing will get more attention because the Government could spend \"the \u00a310bn a year we currently send to the EU on young people's priorities, such as housing\". However, that's not currently Government policy. [...] Stephen Kinnock MP, 48, is the chair of the APPG. He tells BBC Three that their research suggests that what young people really want above all else is to \"preserve the strongest possible economic, scientific and cultural links between the UK and the EU\". He adds that, \"a \u2018no deal\u2019, or \u2018hard\u2019 Brexit represents a major risk to the economy and therefore to young people\u2019s life chances.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Northern Ireland has the highest rate of femicide in Western Europe", "evidence": "According to Jayne Brady, head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service, \"The gender playing field is far from level.\" Brady highlighted that women are still underrepresented in the science and technology sectors, and that Northern Ireland currently holds one of the highest rates of femicide in Western Europe.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Only the Green Party supported a proposal to establish an environmental protection agency (EPA), as part of the review of public administration (local government) in Northern Ireland.", "evidence": "Alliance: see statements (Alliance Party manifesto (2003); David Ford MLA (2007)); written submission delivered Green Party: see statement (Green Party manifesto (2003)); oral submission delivered SDLP: see statements (SDLP manifesto (2003); Tommy Gallagher MLA (2007)); oral submission delivered Sinn F\u00e9in: see statement (Daith\u00ed McKay MLA (2007)) (no submission) UUP: see statement (Northern Ireland Assembly Official Report, 3.00pm, Mr Kennedy (2007)); written submission delivered", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Prime Minister Modi has initiated a grievance portal (CPGRAMS) upon assuming office for the first time", "evidence": "A social media post claims that Prime Minister Modi has reportedly initiated a grievance portal upon assuming office, allowing citizens to directly communicate with the Prime Minister\u2019s Office (PMO). The post also includes a video featuring a woman who shares her positive experience of having her issue resolved after lodging a complaint on this portal. Through this article let\u2019s fact-check the claim made in the post. [...] The viral post refers to the Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS), as the grievance redressal mechanism initiated by PM Modi after assuming office in 2014. [...] To sum it up, the CPGRAMS portal meant to address public grievances was launched much before PM Modi assumed office in 2014.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Under the new criminal laws electronic messages can be used as evidence in court.", "evidence": "Under the new criminal laws, electronic records are designated as primary evidence, whereas under the old laws, electronic evidence was generally regarded as \u2018secondary evidence\u2019 unless the device itself was produced in court. There have been numerous instances where courts considered electronic records such as WhatsApp messages as evidence under the old criminal laws. Hence, the claim made in the post is PARTLY TRUE.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "In Britain, the country which ruled India for 200 years, Modi was the head of the meeting which was attended by the heads of 53 countries.", "evidence": "British Rule or British Raj in India refers to the period of British colonialism in the Indian subcontinent. The British crown has direct control over India. They ruled from the mid-18th century until India gained independence in 1947. The rise of British power in India started in 1757 and they ruled for 200 years till 1947. The rule is known as colonialism. British rule is known for economic exploitation, political oppression, and cultural imperialism. [...] The impact of British rule in India was very deep and far-reaching. It has impacted every aspect of Indian society and culture. Let us look at the impact of British Rule in India for IAS exam. [...] We hope all your doubts related to the topic of \"British Rule in India\" are addressed after going through this article. Testbook provides comprehensive notes for Civil services and various other competitive examinations. It has always assured the quality of its product like content pages, live tests, GK and current affairs, mocks, and so on. Ace your UPSC preparation with Testbook. Download the Testbook App now!", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The visuals of water boiling under pits formed on a highway in Veracruz, Mexico, are a result of volcanic activity in Mexico\u2019s Popocatepetl volcanic mountain", "evidence": "Popocatepetl volcano is 5452 m in altitude and capped by glaciers with a long Late Pleistocene-Holocene history. Volcanic activity has been intense during the last 10 000 years. Therefore, the valleys at the NE foothills of the volcano, covered by air-fall ejecta and drained by the runoff of the glaciers, became very attractive to ancient inhabitants of the Xalizintla Valley (XV) west of Puebla City, because of fertility of soils. The XV was occupied by humans about 2000 years ago who witnessed five events related to volcanic activity related to Popo. These events, described in this paper, are being taken into account for volcanic risk evaluation since several towns with a population of more than 23 000 people reoccupied again the Xalizintla Valley. [...] NASA Terra spacecraft shows Mexico active Popocatepetl volcano, located about 40 miles southeast of Mexico City, spewing water vapor, gas, ashes and glowing rocks since its most recent eruption period began in April 2012.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Black money (undisclosed foreign income and assets) and imposition of tax Act 2015 enacted.", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes four claims about enabling legislations to curb corruption. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The recent blast in UP\u2019s Bulandshahr occurred at a Muslim man\u2019s house named Mohammad Shafiq", "evidence": "The blast occurred at a property owned by Satish Kumar, which was rented by Raj Kumar under the pretense of manufacturing surf. The explosion was the result of illegal firecracker production. Neither the owner nor the tenant belongs to the Muslim community. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Government has provided for integrated development and management of fisheries with an outlay of Rs. 3000 crores.", "evidence": "The restructured Plan Scheme on Blue Revolution3 \u2013 Integrated Development and Management of Fisheries has been approved at a total central outlay of Rs 3000 crore for implementation during a period of five years (2015-16 to 2019-20)4. The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries has restructured the scheme by merging all the ongoing schemes under an umbrella of Blue Revolution. The restructured scheme provides focused development and management of fisheries, covering inland fisheries, aquaculture, marine fisheries including deep sea fishing, mariculture and all activities undertaken by the National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB). [...] 4 Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA). Integrated Development and Management of Fisheries \u2013 a Central Sector Scheme on Blue Revolution. 22 Dec 2015 5 The term \"ocean grabbing\" has been used to describe actions, policies or initiatives that deprive small- scale fishers of resources, dispossess vulnerable populations of coastal lands, and/or undermine historical access to areas of the sea. Rights and access to marine resources and spaces are frequently reallocated through government or private sector initiatives to achieve conservation, management or development objectives with a variety of outcomes for different sectors of society. For a reallocation to be considered ocean grabbing, it must: (1) occur by means of inadequate governance, and (2) be implemented using actions that undermine human security and livelihoods, or (3) produce impacts that reduce social- ecological well-being.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Consuming food items containing the label of Apeel will cause sickness as they have toxic mono and diglycerides", "evidence": "Apeel brags about its purified mono-and diglycerides, a food ingredient that is found in a variety of foods. According to Dr. Josh Axe, mono-and diglycerides are \"the go-to replacement for deadly trans fats and a food industry staple that helps keep oil and fat from separating. (Vani) Hari (The Food Babe) explains that this additive is a byproduct of oil processing, including partially hydrogenated canola and soybean oils. This additive is a byproduct of oil processing which contains artificial trans fat \u2013 a danger food ingredient known to cause coronary heart disease and linked to 50,000 fatal heart attacks a year.\" (Side note: The FDA finally determined that trans fats are no longer generally recognized as safe for food use in 2016 and yet mono-and diglycerides are the \"the go-to replacement.\" But they change the label from trans fats to mono-and diglycerides and then the FDA changes their tune. Interesting or predictable?) [...] In our home, we are very intentional about the foods that we eat and use from foods to products\u2026 we avoid seed oils, artificial food coloring, high fructose corn syrup, fast food, refined sugars, bleached flours, fragrances, cheap made-in-China toys, AirPods, plastics, flame retardants, PFAs and the list go on and on and on\u2026 which will now include Apeel, aka, mono-and diglycerides.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Visuals showing a Dalit girl being beaten for bathing in river and contaminating the water", "evidence": "KENDRAPARA (Odisha): A dalit woman was allegedly beaten up by members of upper caste for drawing potable water from a government-dug deep tube well in their area at a village in Odisha's Kendrapara district, police said on Wednesday.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Over the last 4 years, almost one crore houses have been constructed in rural and urban India.", "evidence": "1.07 crore rural houses constructed over the last four years under Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana \u2013Gramin with the objective of \u2018\u2019Housing for All by 2022\u2019\u2019 The re-structured rural housing scheme Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana \u2013 Gramin (PMAY-G) which has the objective of \"Housing for All by 2022\" was launched by Hon\u2019ble Prime Minister on 20th November, 2016 from Agra. 2.95 crore houses are set to be constructed by 2022 to achieve the set objective of PMAY-G which has been decided to achieve in phases. In the first phase the target is construction of one crore pucca houses by 31st March, 2019. A total of 1.07 crore rural houses have been completed over the last four years (2014-15 to 2017-18) which include completion of 38.20 lakh Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana \u2013 Gramin (PMAY- G) houses and 68.64 lakh IAY houses that were sanctioned in 2014-15 and 2015-16 and prior to that. If the figures of the current financial year are also added to this achievement under the rural housing scheme the achievement from 2014-15 till date becomes 1.13 crore completed rural houses. The details of rural housing scheme and progress can be seen from the website of PMAY-G, i.e. (pmayg.nic.in). A summary of houses completed, as on 31.7.2018, which shows an upward swing, is shown below:", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The ancient rock carvings show modern-day technologies like computers, Astronaut suits and bicycles, etc. which suggests that our ancestors are more technologically advanced than us", "evidence": "A video is being shared on social media that claims to show a series of rock carvings that depict modern-day inventions such as bicycles, computers, astronaut suits, etc. The carvings show detailed depictions of these technologies, including images of people riding bicycles, sitting at computers, and even wearing astronaut helmets. The video suggests that these carvings are evidence that our ancestors were more technologically advanced than we previously thought and may have even had access to advanced knowledge or extra-terrestrial help. Let\u2019s fact-check the claims made in the post. [...] Fact: The carvings of the bicycle and astronaut are done recently after their inventions are made. The man sitting at a computer is not a carving, but an artwork made in 2006. Similarly, symbols in some other carvings have not yet been deciphered, and some of the associations with modern symbols like Wi-Fi, rockets and transformers, etc, could be due to visual similarities rather than actual representation as there is not enough evidence to support them. Hence the claim made in the post is MISLEADING. [...] The video makes other claims of ancient carvings depicting modern-day inventions such as rockets, Wi-Fi, transformers etc. However, these claims do not hold up to scrutiny as there is not enough evidence to support them. The symbols in the carvings have not yet been deciphered, and some of the associations with modern symbols could be due to visual similarities rather than actual representations.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Domestic air passengers crossed 100 million for the first time.", "evidence": "- India is now the third largest aviation market - Passenger traffic growth is in the range of 18-20% over the past three years - More people have travelled in airplanes than in AC trains for the first time - Domestic air passengers crossed 100 million in 2017 - A National Civil Aviation Policy was unveiled in 2016 [...] Claim 4: Domestic air passengers crossed 100 million in 2017 As noted earlier, the data from DGCA indicates that, in 2017, the number of passengers carried by domestic airlines was 1171.76 lakhs, or over 117 million.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "FDI equity flow has gone up by 47%.", "evidence": "In an infographic published on the 48-Month portal, the government made certain claims about attracting foreign investment and driving economic growth. Here is a fact check of these claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "This song is an anthem created by the New Zealand government", "evidence": "A video of a song performance is circulating on social media, claiming that it features an anthem created by the New Zealand government and performed at a Church named \u2018Abadala\u2019. Let\u2019s find out the authenticity of this claim through this fact-checking article. [...] Firstly, we thoroughly searched the internet with relevant keywords to know if the New Zealand government created and produced such an \u2018anthem\u2019. But that did not yield any credible information supporting the existence of such an anthem created by the New Zealand government with 99 special names of Allah. Apart from that, we also did not find a Church named \u2018Abadala,\u2019 which the post claims to be where this song was performed. [...] To sum up, the viral video claiming to be a New Zealand government anthem with 99 special names of Allah is actually from a concert held in Istanbul, Turkey, featuring the Sarajevo Fatih Sultan Mehmet Choir.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "3000 Jan Aushadhi Kendras for cheaper medicines resulting in savings of around 50%.", "evidence": "The Government made certain claims about its health initiatives including the Ayushman Bharat scheme. Here is a fact check of these claims", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Income eligibility has been raised from 2 lakh rupees to 2.5 lakh rupees for the pre-metric scholarship for SC students.", "evidence": "Salaried class has got something to cheer with Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on Thursday raising tax exemption limit to Rs. 2.5 lakh from Rs. 2 lakh, providing a relief of Rs 5,000. \"I propose not to make any changes in the tax rate. However, with the view to provide relief to small and marginal and senior citizen, I propose to increase the personal income tax exemption limit by Rs. 50,000 from Rs. 2 lakh to Rs. 2.50 lakh in case of all individual tax payer who are below the ago of 60 years,\" he said while presenting budget for 2014-15 in the Parliament. [...] Thus, tax on income from Rs. 2.5 lakh to Rs. 5 lakh is retained at 10 per cent, up to Rs. 10 lakh at 20 per cent and above Rs. 10 lakh at 30 per cent.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Apart from American officials and politicians, the official White House Twitter account follows only Indian Prime Minister Modi, the Indian President, and an Indian Embassy official", "evidence": "A video circulating on social media claims that the official White House Twitter account follows only 19 users, with 15 of them being American government officials and politicians. The remaining four, according to the claim, are official accounts of Indian Prime Minister Modi, the Indian President, an Indian Embassy official, etc. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] Fact: Currently, the official White House Twitter account does not follow any Indian official. Nevertheless, it did briefly follow PM Modi and other Indian officials during Trump\u2019s 2020 visit to India to facilitate the retweeting of their messages in support of the trip. The account\u2019s following list changes in response to events and diplomatic engagements. Hence the claim made in the post is MISLEADING. [...] Nevertheless, Indian media reports from April 2020, when President Trump was in office, reveal that the former official White House Twitter account (@WhiteHouse45) followed the Indian President, Indian Prime Minister, and Indian Embassy handles during that period. However, by the end of April 2020, the White House account had unfollowed these Indian accounts.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Government is giving an allowance of Rs 3,000 per month to unemployed youth under the Pradhan Mantri Berojgari Bhatta Yojana", "evidence": "A WhatApp message claiming that the government is giving an allowance of Rs 6,000 per month to unemployed youth under the Pradhan Mantri Berojgari Bhatta Yojana is going viral on social media. It must be noted that the viral WhatsApp message is fake. As per a fact conducted by PIB, the Government of India is not running any such scheme. In its post, PIB has also urged people to not forward such messages. Fact Check: Government Giving Rs 1,50,000 to Daughters Under Pradhan Mantri Kanya Ashirwad Yojana? PIB Debunks Fake Claim Made by Sarkari Guru YouTube Channel. Government of India Is Not Running Any Such Scheme \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0932 #Whatsapp \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0947\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u20b96,000 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 #PIBFactCheck \u25b6\ufe0f\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0947\u091c \u092b\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u25b6\ufe0f\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0964 \u25b6\ufe0f\u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0947\u091c \u092b\u0949\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 pic.twitter.com/w0mfOyEAMI \u2014 PIB Fact Check (@PIBFactCheck) February 20, 2023 Fact Check: Unemployed Youth To Get Rs 6,000 Per Month By The Government? Here\u2019s The Truth (SocialLY brings you all the latest breaking news, viral trends and information from social media world, including Twitter, Instagram and Youtube. The above post is embeded directly from the user's social media account and LatestLY Staff may not have modified or edited the content body. The views and facts appearing in the social media post do not reflect the opinions of LatestLY, also LatestLY does not assume any responsibility or liability for the same.)", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Since independence, we had 75 operational airports, UDAN added 25 airports just since December 2016.", "evidence": "Over the last six years, UDAN has brought about a massive transformation in the country\u2019s aviation sector and boosted tourism, especially in remote areas. A total of 75 airports have been operationalised under UDAN out of which eight airports have been operationalised in the Northeast region. In its fifth phase now, bidding for UDAN 5.2 is underway to further enhance the connectivity to remote and regional areas of the country. [...] The scheme is connecting 30 States/ UTs across the length and breadth of the country. A total of 75 airports have been operationalised under UDAN. Eight airports have been operationalised in the Northeast region. Many airports that were operationalised under UDAN such as Darbhanga, Hubli, Kannur, Mysuru, and more have become sustainable with many non-RCS commercial flights operating from these airports.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "More than 3000 stores of affordable medicines with PM bharatiya janaushadi kendras.", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes claims about affordable healthcare, specifically about essential medicines. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Rs. 2000 crore for agri-market infrastructure fund set up.", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes five claims about the budgetary allocations and outcomes of the agriculture sector. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "More than 19 crore people have been insured against life and accident risk or ensured pension.", "evidence": "The next claim is that social security has been made a nationwide phenomenon with Jan Suraksha. It also claims that more than 19 crore people have been insured against life and accident risk or ensured pension. As per an answer provided by the government in Lok Sabha, \"Three social security schemes were launched in May 2015 pertaining to the Insurance and Pension Sectors namely Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) and the Atal Pension Yojana (APY) in a move towards creating a universal social security system, targeted especially for the poor and the underprivileged. The schemes provide essential and affordable social protection to all citizens in a convenient manner linked to auto-debit facility from bank accounts. These schemes address the issue of low coverage of life or accident insurance and old age income security in the country.\" [...] Fact: 5.3 crore people under PMJJBY, 13.5 crore under PMSBY and 1.08 crore people under APY have been covered. Hence, the claim is TRUE.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Department of Fertilizers has made it mandatory for all the indigenous producers of urea to produce 100% of their total production of subsidized urea as Neem Coated Urea (NCU)", "evidence": "Neem Coated Urea in Rajya Sabha today, said that the Department of Agriculture, [...] Giving a background of the Neem Coating of urea in the country, the Minister informed that on 2nd June 2008, the Government had notified the policy for encouraging production and availability of fortified and coated fertilizers in the country wherein the indigenous manufacturers/producers of the subsidized fertilizers were allowed to produce fortified/coated subsidized fertilizers up to a maximum of 20% of their total production of respective subsidized fertilizers. This ceiling of production of Neem Coated Urea(NCU) was increased from the limit of 20% to a maximum of 35% of their total production vide notification dated 11th January, 2011. Shri Mandaviya said that the Government, on 24th March, 2015 made mandatory for all the indigenous producers of urea to produce 75% of their total production of subsidized urea as Neem Coated Urea. Subsequently, on 25th May 2015, Department of Fertilizers made it mandatory for all the domestic producers of urea to produce 100% as Neem Coated Urea with an extra MRP of 5% (of Rs. 5360/- per", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre (ISLRTC) established.", "evidence": "Setting up of India Sign Language Research and Training Centre The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has approved the setting up of Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre (ISLRTC) as a Society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. The ISLRTC will be under the aegis of the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment. It shall be located initially at the Institute for Physically Handicapped, New Delhi. [...] The needs of the deaf community for a common ISL and related matters have long been ignored, and problems have been documented by various organizations working for the deaf. The Centre will lead the way in academic development, training and propagation of the Indian Sign Language. Development of sign language interpreters, Research and Development and new technology will be the focus area of the Centre. It will provide equal opportunities to hearing impaired persons to fully participate in every sphere of life.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Amartya Sen was involved in gross irregularities and land grab during his tenure at visva-Bharati university in West Bengal", "evidence": "Amartya Sen never held an official position at Visva-Bharati University, and the recent controversy between him and the university is related to a dispute over his ancestral property. Hence the claim made in the post is MISLEADING.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Hyderabad Police warned the public against contamination of cool drinks with the Ebola virus", "evidence": "Fact Check: Hyderabad police warning on ebola-contaminated cold drinks is fake [...] The viral advisory reads, \"Please forward it to all friends information has been given by Hyderabad police all over India. Please do not drink any cold drink like Maaza, Fanta, 7up, Coca-Cola, Mountain dew Pepsi etc. For next few days because one of the companies worker has mixed the contaminated blood of a dangerous virus named ebola in it. This news was told in NDTV channel yesterday. Please help by forwarding this message as soon as possible. Forward this message to your family. Share this as much as you can 07:12 Thank you. (sic)\" [...] We started the investigation by searching for relevant news articles on NDTV, as said in the post, but could not find any such report on the contamination of cold drinks with the Ebola virus. Moreover, on analysing the social media handles of Hyderabad city police we could not find any relevant advisory on any of their handles.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The Winter Session of Parliament postponed in 2011 during UPA rule", "evidence": "Winter session of Parliament: UPA govt's last chance for key legislations [...] The winter session of Parliament beginning on Thursday could well be the UPA government's last chance to get its key legislations through with the Lok Sabha elections barely six months away. The opposition is expected to seek to corner the government on price rise and the JPC report on 2G spectrum allocation and problems of farmers. [...] Meanwhile, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Tuesday urged political parties to make the best use of the time available during parliament's \"short\" winter session. He also said that the government was committed to the formation of Telangana state.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Congress Party is celebrating after China blocked India\u2019s bid to designate Jaish-e-Mohammad chief Masood Azhar as a global terrorist in the UN Security Council.", "evidence": "A post containing few pics of Congress top leaders and party men in jubilant mood are being circulated on Facebook. The post contained the narration that Congress Party is celebrating China\u2018s blockade of India\u2018s bid to designate Jaish-e-Mohammad chief Masood Azhar as a global terrorist in the UN Security Council. Let\u2019s try to analyze the claim made in the post. [...] The third image corresponds to the Congressmen celebrations for their victory in 2018 State Elections.An article with the image can be found in \u2018GULF NEWS INDIA\u2018 dated on December 11,2018. Finally, pictures in the post are old images which correspond to the Congress party\u2018s celebrations after its victory on various occasions.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "JANSIO Threanic Triple-Spin Ring would help in substantial weight loss", "evidence": "Threanic Triple-Spin Ring is soft on all skin types. [...] The premium material of the Jansio Threanic triple-spin ring makes it the best. It is gentle on the skin and never bends or breaks. One can wear it for years without it tarnishing. You can move and pin the beads for ideal relief. Explore More: Goddard Store Reviews [...] The Benefits of the JANSIO RING - It is Self-Soothing Ring.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "ongress President Rahul Gandhi and his party leaders Shatrughan Sinha, Navjot Singh Sidhu and West Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee are in the same pic with Pakistan\u2019s PM Imran Khan and its Army Chief Qamar Javed Bajwa", "evidence": "An image of Pakistani prime minister Imran Khan interacting with the country\u2019s army chief Qamar Javed Bajwa is being circulated on social media. Congress leaders Shatrughan Sinha and Navjot Singh Sidhu, West Bengal CM Mamta Banerjee and Congress president Rahul Gandhi can also be seen in the photograph, sitting in a corner. From the account of an individual user Devaraj Kotla, the photograph has 4,200 shares. It has been circulated with the caption \u2013 \"\u0ca8\u0cc0\u0cb5\u0cc1 \u0c95\u0cbe\u0c82\u0c97\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc6\u0cb8\u0ccd \u0c97\u0cc6 \u0cae\u0ca4 \u0cb9\u0cbe\u0c95\u0cbf\u0ca6\u0cb0\u0cc6 \u0caa\u0cbe\u0c95\u0cbf\u0cb8\u0ccd\u0ca4\u0cbe\u0ca8 \u0c95\u0ccd\u0c95\u0cc6 \u0cae\u0ca4 \u0cb9\u0cbe\u0c95\u0cbf\u0ca6 \u0cb9\u0cbe\u0c97\u0cc6.\u0c9a\u0cbf\u0ca4\u0ccd\u0cb0 \u0ca8\u0ccb\u0ca1\u0cbf \u0caa\u0cbe\u0c95\u0cbf\u0cb8\u0ccd\u0ca4\u0cbe\u0ca8 \u0ca6 \u0caa\u0cb0 \u0c97\u0cc1\u0cb2\u0cbe\u0cae\u0cb0\u0cc1 \u0cae\u0cc2\u0cb2\u0cc6\u0caf\u0cb2\u0ccd\u0cb2\u0cbf \u0cb9\u0cc7\u0c97\u0cc6 \u0c95\u0cc1\u0cb3\u0cbf\u0ca4\u0cbf\u0ca6\u0ccd\u0ca6\u0cbe\u0cb0\u0cc6,\" which roughly translates to, \"If you vote for Congress, you will be able to vote for Pakistan. Look at the picture, how are the slaves of Pakistan sitting in the corner.\" [...] The image was photoshopped by Twitter user @Atheist_Krishna who had posted it on April 5 with the caption \u2013 \"\u092c\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0915\u094b\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u091c\u0941\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0964 (Opposition reaches Pakistan to gather evidence for the death of terrorists in Balakot)\" \u2013 which suggests that he took a sarcastic jibe at the opposition leaders. The tweet was retweeted over 7,000 times.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "More than 6 lakh high risk pregnancies identified under Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan", "evidence": "According to the official website, \u2018the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan has been launched by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. The program aims to provide assured, comprehensive and quality antenatal care, free of cost, universally to all pregnant women on the 9th of every month. PMSMA guarantees a minimum package of antenatal care services to women in their 2nd/3rd trimesters of pregnancy at designated government health facilities\u2019. [...] The fourth claim is that \u2018more than 6 lakh high risk pregnancies identified\u2019. One of the critical components of the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan is identification and follow-up of high risk pregnancies. Since its inception in 2016, Over 7 lakh women with high risk conditions have been identified.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "mages showing the technological upgrades in the Indian Railways before and after the BJP government in the country", "evidence": "The staff in the Indian rail network are using various innovative technological solutions to improve efficiency, ranging from customer service to maintenance and repair work. Having a workforce management platform helps the staff to plan and schedule processes in a planner software for control over the entire workforce process such as capacity planning, daily task scheduling, real-time rescheduling, routes, employee availability and competing time slots. [...] The Indian rail network is continuously enhancing the passenger experience through digital technologies. The modern features such as facial recognition, emergency talk-back system, WiFi infotainment system, automatic plug-door and step control have completely changed the passenger travel experience. [...] Over the last couple of years, technology and innovation have been changing the face of the Railways as it has embraced digitalisation in all spheres of its operations such as asset management, train signalling, manufacturing, passenger information system and coach factory automation. With the Railways\u2019 digital transformation, the industry will accelerate new railway intelligence thus enabling enhanced industry-wide knowledge and business model innovation.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "20 new super specialty AIIMS \u2013 like hospitals being set up", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal with claims about hospitals and doctors. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "12.68 crore soil health cards have been distributed. This is the combined population of Germany and Spain.", "evidence": "In an infographic published by the government on the 48-months portal, there are three claims related to the goal of doubling farmer\u2019s incomes. The claims pertain to the soil health cards, e-NAM and farm credit. The following article is a fact check of these claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "An auto driver was thrashed for voting for the BJP in the recently held assembly elections in Karnataka", "evidence": "The Karnataka elections was a national spectacle, at least in the English media. But, realistically, why should a voter in say, West Bengal or Bihar care about state elections in Karnataka? For one, all elections have now been \u2018nationalised\u2019, due to the inordinate amount of time that Prime Minister Modi spends on elections and campaigns. Second, all elections, even bye elections, are now being perceived as a harbinger for the upcoming Lok Sabha elections. Can performance in state elections portend performance in the subsequent national election? Empirical evidence shows that state elections can indeed be a good proxy of at least the trends for national elections, if not the actual levels of performance. [...] However, voter behaviour in state elections exhibit a strong overlap with voter behaviour in national elections. As we know, national elections are fought for Lok Sabha seats. Every Lok Sabha seat is an aggregation of a fixed number of state assembly constituencies. So, an analysis of recent performance in state elections should present an interesting insight into trends for the next national election in 2019. What does it foretell for the BJP? [...] According to this analysis, the BJP is losing Lok Sabha seats and at a rapid pace. After the recent Karnataka election, the BJP\u2019s imputed tally of Lok Sabha seats is down to 233, from the 282 it won in 2014", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The payment of wages (amendment) act 2017 is empowering workers", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes three claims about ensuring labour welfare. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A British nationalist and student of politics who covers the Indian elections, Mr. Brandon Davies claimed on Twitter that upon his analysis of 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014 elections, he could say that he had never seen a PM Candidate as stupid as Rahul Gandhi.", "evidence": "Several Facebook users are publishing posts embedding a tweet from a person named Brandon Davies, who describes himself as a British nationalist and student of politics covering the Indian elections. Let\u2019s try to analyze the claims made in the post.The archived version of the post can be seen here. [...] Fact: The man in the picture is a British sailor, George Mills. He died in a yacht accident that happened in South Africa on February 2, 2016. So, the recent tweet regarding Rahul Gandhi is from a fake twitter account created on the name of Brandon Davies using the pic of George Mills in its profile. Hence, the claim is FALSE. [...] Hence, the tweet degrading Rahul Gandhi is from a fake twitter account.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ratan Tata: \u201cIn a country, if Prime Minister\u2019s popularity increases due to the death of 65 soldiers, then nobody can save that country from getting destroyed\u201d", "evidence": "A post is being shared on Facebook by some users claiming that Ratan Tata has commented on the increase in Modi\u2019s popularity in the country after the Pulwama attack. Let\u2019s try to analyze the claim made in the post.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Kuki tribes living in Manipur came from the Burma (Myanmar) as refugees and were later granted ST (Scheduled Tribe) quota in India in 1968", "evidence": "The central argument we put forward for those \u2018hate mongers\u2019 and the public is that the Kukis of Manipur are indigenous peoples of the state and not refugees or foreigners, as we are made to believe. There are ample historical and archaeological evidences to indicate the Kukis lived in their current area and state since time immemorial. As imagined by some groups, they did not enter Manipur (the present colonial boundary of Manipur); the annexation of the northern part of their ancestral domain, the southern mountains of Manipur (roughly present Pherzawl, Churachandpur, Chandel and Tengnoupal districts), into Manipur (Kangla) kingdom in the 19th century make them to be part of Manipur\u2019s \u2018subjects\u2019. Unlike other hill tracts, the annexation of Kuki ancestral land into Manipur was made by sacred covenants signed by the Kuki chiefs and the Maharaj of Manipur in a most solemn manner. They were the covenants of peace and friendship which governed the relationship between the Kukis and the Kangla kingdom. It was under these covenants that the Kukis had sincerely served the Kangla kingdom until India\u2019s independence, not as coolies and beggars but as warriors with their blood and iron.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "India\u2019s longest road tunnel, the Chenani \u2013 Nashri tunnel in Jammu is constructed", "evidence": "At 9.2 km, the 'Chenani-Nashri Highway Tunnel' is the longest road tunnel in the country and is located at an elevation of 1200 meters. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the highway tunnel today. [...] - The 'Chenani-Nashri Highway Tunnel' is not only India's longest highway tunnel but also Asia's longest bi-directional highway tunnel. [...] Last Updated on April 2, 2017 # Chenani-Nashri Highway Tunnel# India's longest tunnel# Longest Tunnel# Jammu and Kahsmir# Prime Minister# Narenda Modi# Auto Industry", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u2018Hindus have the highest fertility rate in World\u2019", "evidence": "Globally, Muslims have the highest fertility rate, an average of 3.1 children per woman \u2013 well above replacement level (2.1), the minimum typically needed to maintain a stable population.6 Christians are second, at 2.7 children per woman. Hindu fertility (2.4) is similar to the global average (2.5). Worldwide, Jewish fertility (2.3 children per woman) also is above replacement level. All the other groups have fertility levels too low to sustain their populations: folk religions (1.8 children per woman), other religions (1.7), the unaffiliated (1.7) and Buddhists (1.6). [...] Meanwhile, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to have a declining share of the world\u2019s population (53% in 2050, compared with 59% in 2010). This will be reflected in the slower growth of religions heavily concentrated in the region, including Buddhism and Chinese folk religions, as well as slower growth of Asia\u2019s large unaffiliated population. One exception is Hindus, who are overwhelmingly concentrated in India, where the population is younger and fertility rates are higher than in China or Japan. As previously mentioned, Hindus are projected to roughly keep pace with global population growth. India\u2019s large Muslim population also is poised for rapid growth. Although India will continue to have a Hindu majority, by 2050 it is projected to have the world\u2019s largest Muslim population, surpassing Indonesia.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A recent judgement by an Indian Court allows both the wife and girlfriend to live in the same house", "evidence": "In India, live-in relationships are not only discouraged but also are not accepted by the members of society due to the sophisticated culture. The parents of a couple may also not allow for such a relationship, and may not allow the couple to reside in the same house. The couples also face issues when they seek residence on rent. Apart from the issue of the place of residence, the couple also faces issues at the workplace and other public places. [...] From the above judgments of various High Courts and Supreme Court of India, it can be concluded that the Indian judiciary has most of the time practiced interpretation of laws while protecting the rights of women and children associated with live-in relationships and certainly the Indian legal mechanism lacks separate legislation which must deal with the cases of live-in relationship and must provide with codified laws, and punitive measures. [...] References - https://www.worldwidejournals.com/indian-journal-of-applied-research-(IJAR)/recent_issues_pdf/2019/December/legal-status-of-live-in-relationship-in-india_December_2019_1575104772_8511093.pdf - https://lawcolloquy.com/journals/PriyaV1C2.pdf - https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol19-issue7/Version-6/D019762529.pdf - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2631831820974585 - https://jcil.lsyndicate.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Judicial-Interpretation-and-change-in-status-of-live-in-relationship-in-India-Sakshi-Shubham.pdf - http://mja.gov.in/Site/Upload/GR/Title%20NO.5(As%20Per%20Workshop%20List%20title%20no5%20pdf).pdf - https://www.indiafilings.com/learn/live-in-relationships-in-india/", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Subramanian Swamy stating that Adani did not acquire the 74% shares of Mumbai Airport from the Indian government, but instead purchased them from multiple foreign partners who Congress sold in 2006", "evidence": "These statements were not made by Dr Subramanian Swamy. In fact, Swami accused Adani of not repaying the loans and using nepotism to obtain stake in Mumbai Airport. Also, Adani Group has 74% stake in Mumbai\u2019s Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, post the stake purchase transaction, with 50.5% being bought from GVK Group and 23.5% Airports Company South Africa (ACSA), and Bidvest Group. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The types of disabilities have been increased from the existing 7 to 21.", "evidence": "- The types of disabilities have been increased from existing 7 to 21 and the Central Government will have the power to add more types of disabilities. The 21 disabilities are given below:- - Physical Disability - Locomotor Disability - Leprosy Cured Person - Cerebral Palsy - Dwarfism - Muscular Dystrophy - Acid Attack Victims - Visual Impairment - Hearing Impairment - Speech and Language Disability - Intellectual Disability - Specific Learning Disabilities - Autism Spectrum Disorder - Mental Behaviour (Mental Illness) - Disability caused due to- - Chronic Neurological Conditions such as - Multiple Sclerosis - Parkinson\u2019s Disease - Blood Disorder - Haemophilia - Thalassemia - Sickle Cell Disease - Multiple Disabilities - Persons with \"benchmark disabilities\" are defined as those certified to have at least 40 per cent of the disabilities specified above. [...] - Similarly, the office of State Commissioners of Disabilities has been strengthened who will be assisted by an Advisory Committee comprising of not more than 5 members drawn from experts in various disabilities.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The Rs.500 note with green security thread closer to Mahatma Gandhi picture is a fake note", "evidence": "Security thread: Rs.1000 notes introduced in October 2000 contain a readable, windowed security thread alternately visible on the obverse with the inscriptions \u2018Bharat\u2019 (in Hindi), \u20181000\u2019 and \u2018RBI\u2019, but totally embedded on the reverse. The Rs.500 and Rs.100 notes have a security thread with similar visible features and inscription \u2018Bharat\u2019 (in Hindi), and \u2018RBI\u2019. When held against the light, the security thread on Rs.1000, Rs.500 and Rs.100 can be seen as one continuous line. The Rs.5, Rs.10, Rs.20 and Rs.50 notes contain a readable, fully embedded security thread with the inscription \u2018Bharat\u2019 (in Hindi), and \u2018RBI\u2019. The security thread appears to the left of the Mahatma's portrait. Notes issued prior to the introduction of the Mahatma Gandhi Series have a plain, non-readable fully embedded security thread.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "WikiLeaks has published the 1st list of black money holders in Swiss banks.", "evidence": "WikiLeaks has never published the list of Indians who have stashed their money in Swiss banks. Hence, the claim stands FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "By subjecting water to immense pressure and directing it through a minuscule nozzle, it can effectively cut through the hardest materials, including rocks, metals, bulletproof glass, and even diamonds", "evidence": "While pure waterjet cutting can be used to cut softer materials, abrasive waterjet cutting is required to cut through harder substances such as metals and ceramics. This is because abrasive particles like garnet or aluminium oxide are added to the high-pressure water stream, which increases the cutting force and allows for effective cutting of hard materials. Therefore, the claim made in the post that water alone can cut through the hardest materials, including rocks, metals, bulletproof glass, and diamonds, is MISLEADING.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Speech and language disability and specific learning disability have been added for the first time.", "evidence": "In an infographic published by the government, certain claims were made regarding provisions of the \u2018Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act\u2019. Here is a fact check of those claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "3.8 crore poor women provided with free LPG connections, target raised to 8 crore.", "evidence": "The Government has launched Pradhan Mantri LPG Panchayat which is an interactive communication platform for rural LPG users on various subjects like safe usage of LPG, its benefit to environment, women empowerment and women health, and also use the forum to motivate the consumers to use LPG regularly as a clean cooking fuel. Government had launched \"Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana\" on 1st May 2016 to provide deposit-free LPG connections to 5 crore women belonging to the Below Poverty Line (BPL) with a budgetary provision of Rs. 8000 crore and the target has now been enhanced to 8 crore with additional budgetary provision of Rs. 4,800 crore. The beneficiaries under the Scheme are identified through Socio Economic Caste Census (SECC) 2011. The Government has now decided to cover the following categories under the Scheme :- (i) All SC/STs households beneficiaries of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana(PMAY) (Gramin), (ii) Antyoday Anna Yojana(AAY) [...] This information was given by Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas Shri Dharmendra Pardhan in reply to a written question in Lok Sabha today.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Numerous universities, 7 IITs, 7 IIMs, 14 IIITs, 1 NIT, 103 KVs and 62 Navodaya Vidyalayas established and have started functioning.", "evidence": "In an infographic published by the government on the 48-months portal, there are three claims relating to education in the country. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A Congress MLA misbehaved with the police when he was stopped by the police while chanting \u2018Pakistan Zindabad\u2019 slogans as part of a Rahul Gandhi\u2019s program in Madhya Pradesh", "evidence": "The incident happened when Asif Mohammad Khan, a former Congress MLA, was addressing a gathering near a mosque in Shaheen Bagh along with supporters. A Delhi Police constable asked Asif if he has prior permission for the gathering from the Election Commission. Former Congress MLA Asif Mohammad Khan, whose daughter Ariba Khan is a candidate in the forthcoming Delhi MCD polls, was arrested on Saturday after a video surfaced of him allegedly abusing and manhandling a police officer in Delhi's Jamia Nagar the day before. A case was registered against him on Friday soon after the incident came to light. [...] Police said that when the constable asked Asif if he had ECI's permission or not, the former legislator turned aggressive and began misbehaving with him. \"Asif used abusive language and manhandled the constable. A complaint was registered against Asif in Shaheen Bagh police station and an investigation is underway,\" ANI quoted the Delhi Police as saying.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Cristiano Ronaldo said that he loves Islam more than anything", "evidence": "A post is being shared on social media claiming that Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo said he loves Islam the most. A photo accompanying the post looks like an interview set-up. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in this post through this article. [...] Fact: The photo in the viral post was captured in January 2022, when Ronaldo received the \u2018Globe Soccer\u2019s Top Scorer of All Time award in Dubai.\u2018 As per news reports, Ronaldo expressed his love towards Dubai, its people and its culture. Nowhere in the news was it reported that Ronaldo said he loves Islam the most. Hence, the claim made in the post is FALSE. [...] To sum up, Cristiano Ronaldo did not say that he loves Islam the most.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "EctoLife is producing 30,000 lab-grown artificial babies every year", "evidence": "An animation video which shows artificial incubation of babies is being widely shared. The video is being shared with a claim that a company named EctoLife is producing 30,000 such lab-grown artificial babies every year. Through this article let\u2019s fact-check the claim made in the post. [...] However, the facility is not in operational stage currently. It is just a concept pitched by Hashem Al Ghaili. He introduced this concept in December 2022. According to Hashem Al Ghaili, Ecto Life could grow around 30,000 babies. He further added that this could help people to produce customized babies. Introducing the concept, Hashem Al Ghaili, shared the same video on his YouTube channel.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Nirav Modi stated before the London court that he didn\u2019t leave India but was threatened by the leaders of a political party to escape and run away from the country.", "evidence": "Nirav Modi\u2019s London Court proceedings were covered by almost all the leading newspapers in India. In the article on The Times of India which covered the same, there was no mention of any such statements made by Nirav Modi as claimed in the FB posts. Hence, the claims made in the posts stand FALSE.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Rahul Gandhi: \u201cSurgical strikes and Air strikes happened during UPA government but we didn\u2019t disclose to anyone, not even to Army and Airforce\u201d.", "evidence": "UPA Did 3 Surgical Strikes But Didn\u2019t Show Off: Rahul Gandhi [...] Congress president Rahul Gandhi on Saturday asserted that the Indian Army had conducted three surgical strikes in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) when the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government was in power, but those operations were kept under the wraps at the force\u2019s behest.(PTI) Congress president Rahul Gandhi on Saturday asserted that the Indian Army had conducted three surgical strikes in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) when the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government was in power, but those operations were kept under the wraps at the force\u2019s behest.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "More people have travelled in airplanes than in AC trains for the first time", "evidence": "An infographic on the government\u2019s 48-month portal makes certain claims about the expansion of the aviation sector under the NDA government during the past four years, including one which states\u2014for the first time\u2014more people have travelled in aeroplanes than in AC trains. [...] Claim 3: More people have travelled in aeroplanes than in AC trains for the first time [...] FACT: We find that for the first time in 2016-17, unlike the previous years, the number of people who travelled by aeroplanes is higher than those who travelled in all AC class of trains. Thus, the claim is TRUE.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "30,000 rupees is provided towards tuition fee and 20,000 as contingency allowance.", "evidence": "Rs. 30,000/- or the actual tuition fees paid, whichever is less. Contingency allowance: Rs 2000/per month for Ten Months. [...] Rs. 30,000/- or the actual [...] Contingency allowance: Rs 2000/per month for Ten Months.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Cost of the Evian brand\u2019s water bottle seen at the family gathering of Tejashwi Yadav is \u20b92900 per liter", "evidence": "evian water comes from a pristine and protected Alpine mountain source. [...] We are currently moving our evian range to a new \u2018click\u2019 cap that is designed to stay attached to the bottle throughout its usage and when recycled. [...] From conveniently sized on-the-go evian water bottle formats that fit in your bag to limited edition designer bottles that elevate any occasion, there\u2019s an evian product to hydrate you any moment in your day.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "2017-18 is the is the best ever year of safety record for the railways and less than 100 accidents were recorded in that year.", "evidence": "Railways'' safety record in 2017-2018 best in 57 years: Official data [...] The Railways has maintained the best safety record in 2017-2018 fiscal in over five decades, according to official figures. [...] Significantly, despite trains having travelled an additional 74 million train km in 2017-2018 as compared to the last five years, accidents have remained at an all-time low.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Former Cricketer Sachin Tendulkar along with his wife met Narendra Modi to show his support for BJP in the General Elections-2019.", "evidence": "Many Facebook users are sharing a post with the picture of Sachin Tendulkar and his wife with Narendra Modi. In the post, it is claimed that Sachin Tendulkar has met Modi to show his support for BJP in the General Elections-2019. Let\u2019s try to analyze the claims made in the post. [...] Fact: The picture in the post is the one taken in the context of Sachin Tendulkar briefing Modi about the release of his biopic \"Sachin: A Billion Dreams\". So, the claim made in the post is MISLEADING. On doing Google Reverse Image search, the picture in the post was found to be the one taken during the meeting of Sachin Tendulkar and his wife with Narendra Modi, to give information about his then-upcoming movie \"Sachin: A Billion Dreams\". \u2018AajTak\u2019 has published an article regarding the same on May 19, 2017. There was no mention regarding Sachin\u2019s support to BJP anywhere in it.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Bharatmala Pariyojana: Phase 1: 5,35,000 crore rupees for expanding highways sector with multi-modal integration", "evidence": "This is a new umbrella program for the highways sector that aims to optimize the efficiency of road traffic movement across the country by bridging critical infrastructure gaps. Special attention has been paid to fulfilling the connectivity needs of areas of economic activity, places of religious and tourist interest, border areas, backward and tribal areas, coastal areas and trade routes with neighbouring countries under the programme. Multi-modal integration is one of the key focuses of this programme. A total of around 53,000 kms of NHs have been identified to improve National Corridor efficiency, of which 24,800 kms are to be taken up in Phase-I, which will be implemented over a period of five years i.e. 2017-18 to 2021-22 in a phased manner. This includes 5,000 kms of the National Corridors, 9000 kms of Economic Corridors, 6000 km of Feeder Corridors and lnter-Corridors, 2000 kms of Border Roads, 2,000 kms of Coastal Roads and Port Connectivity Roads and 800 kms of Green-field Expressways. Total likely fund provision for Bharatmala Phase-I is Rs. 5,35,000 cr. [...] 2.4 New Expressways planned under under Bharatmala Pariyojana Phase-I (i) Delhi-Jaipur Expressway (ii) Delhi-Amritsar-Katra Expressway (iii) Vadodra-Mumbia Expressway (iv) Hyderabad- Vijayawada- Amravathi (HVA) Expressway (v) Nagpur-Hyderabad-Bangalore (NBH) Expressway (vi) Kanpur Lucknow (KL) Expressway (vii) Ring road/ Expressway at Amravathi 2.5 Indian Bridge Management System (IBMS)", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Shashi Tharoor had said that he would even hit a Shivling with a chappal, if needed, to oust Modi.", "evidence": "Shashi Tharoor quoted the Shivling statements as said by an unnamed RSS source to a journalist of \u2018The Caravan\u2019. Those were not his personal remarks. Also, those quoted statements are twisted in the post. Hence, the claim is MISLEADING.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A Muslim boy attacked a Hindu girl in Seoni, Madhya Pradesh, in yet another Love Jihad incident", "evidence": "On January 6, the Supreme Court of India declined to stay controversial laws recently enacted in several states to tackle \"love jihad\" \u2013 a baseless conspiracy theory accusing Muslim men of luring Hindu women into marriage with the aim of forcefully converting them to Islam. [...] By allowing the so-called \"love jihad\" laws to remain in force, the Supreme Court increased the vulnerability of India\u2019s Muslims, who are already subject to immense discrimination and religious persecution under the rule of Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). [...] \"Love jihad\" is not a new conspiracy. Since the 19th century, far-right Hindutva groups in India have been baselessly claiming that Muslim men are predatory. That they are working to seduce Hindu women to convert them to Islam. That they want to use Hindu women\u2019s wombs to produce Muslim babies and alter the demographics of the Hindu-majority country.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Agreement on real time information sharing with Switzerland", "evidence": "The second claim is that \u2018agreement on real time information sharing with Switzerland\u2019. A number of policy related MoUs have been signed with Switzerland. One of such agreements is the \u2018Joint Declaration on Automatic Exchange of Information on Tax Matters \u2013 signed in November 2016\u2019. This agreement allows for real time information sharing of the finances related to Indian nationals with bank accounts in Switzerland. Switzerland and India are among a list of 84 countries that share such information with other countries. Switzerland shared its information with 36 countries, while India shared it with 58 as per the 2018 OECD report on this issue. The report of the OECD committee further states that \u2018in 2014, the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes (the Global Forum) adopted the Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information in Tax Matters (the AEOI Standard), developed by the OECD working with G20 countries. To deliver a level playing field, the Global Forum launched a commitment process under which 100 jurisdictions committed to implement the AEOI Standard in time to commence exchanges in 2017 or 2018\u2019. It is thus clear that the real time information agreement that was signed with Switzerland is part of a larger global initiative and the adoption of the standard developed the OECD.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "India with 5288 tops the list of countries with most universities", "evidence": "The US-based National Science Foundation (NSF) published a report titled \u2018Science & Engineering Indicators 2022,\u2019 that saw India climbing to third place in 2020 from seventh place in 2010. According to the report, six nations contribute more than half of all peer-reviewed Science and Engineering (S&E) papers worldwide. China and America are the major contributors, with a percentage share of 23 and 16, respectively and India occupies the third place with a 5% share. According to a government assessment, just 15.8% of all articles produced by Indian scholars are published in the top ten journals worldwide, and even china (27.6%) is way ahead of us in publishing quality research. Unfortunately, in the most populated country after china, with the largest network of Higher education Institutions in the world (5288 universities) our contribution to scientific research is abysmally low. Compared with the United States (3216) and Indonesia (2595) we have more research institutions at our disposal but the quality of scientific research is atrocious. World University Rankings 2023 conducted by Times Higher Education explicitly shows that Indian institutions are way behind American, European and Chinese Universities in teaching, research, knowledge transfer and international outlook.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWhen the entire opposition unites, then understand that the king of the country is honest\u201d- Chanakya", "evidence": "2. Couldn't resist sending you this link of this small clip from Chandraprakash Dwivedi's CHANAKYA: [...] March 12, 2015 at 4:04 PM hi ri, chanakya is indeed the FATHER OF OUR NATION.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "More line of control violations under NDA than UPA", "evidence": "The posts claim that in the period between 2009-2014 under the UPA-II regime, fewer number of ceasefire violations by Pakistan have taken place. There were fewer terror attacks, lesser casualties of security forces and civilians when compared to the 2014 - 2019, the period under the Modi-led NDA government. The post further cites the South Asian Terrorism Portal (the Facebook posts) and Central Information Commission (tweets) as its respective data sources. [...] While the numbers in the posts shared above are not correct, the data does show that there have been more CFA violations under the NDA than under the UPA. [...] During 2009 - 2013, 628 CFA violations have taken place during the UPA-II. From 2014 - 2019, 3041 CFA violations have taken place during the NDA. None of the numbers as stated in the viral social media posts are from the SATP.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "1054 essential medicines brought under price control regime", "evidence": "Apex think tank Niti Aayog has proposed a change in the manner the government identifies medicines that should be brought under price control. It wants the Drug Price Control Order (DPCO), the rule framed under Essential Commodities Act to fix ceiling prices for drugs, de-linked from the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) prepared by the health ministry. The proposal, part of Niti Aayog's draft Three Year Action Plan, if approved, can open a Pandora's box as criteria for selecting medicines that need to be brought under government price control has always been a contentious issue. For instance, the rationale for the much debated decision to cap the prices of cardiac stents was that the medical device was one of the items in the NLEM, and subsequently notified as an essential medicine under DPCO. If the government decides to delink NLEM from the DPCO, it can lead to a fresh debate on the number, category and class of drugs and medical devices that should come under price control. [...] The policy was challenged in the court by public interest groups, which resulted in a Supreme Court directive that ordered the Central government to ensure that no essential medicines should be out of price control because of the change. The government complied with the Court order by deciding to have NLEM as the basis for the medicines and medical devices that should be brought under price control.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A poster branding PM Modi as a nation robber has been put up in New York", "evidence": "Money Heist-inspired Poster In Hyderabad Calls One 'Mr N Modi' A \u2018Nation Robber\u2019 [...] \"Mr N Modi, we only rob bank, you rob the whole nation,\" the poster read. [...] \"Posters which just says \u2018Mr N_Modi\u2019 was torn by T-BJP Leaders. May be the poster was referring to Nirav Modi? Tearing it was an indication that BJP is aware of who the robbers are,\" he said.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "India has validated elimination of maternal and neo-natal tetanus in may 2015, before the global target of December 2015.", "evidence": "The first claim is that \u2018India has validated elimination of maternal and neo-natal tetanus in May 2015, before the global target of December 2015\u2019. A response in Lok Sabha from August 2016 stated that \u2018WHO has certified Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination (MNTE) in India in May 2015, well before the global target date of December 2015. WHO has also certified India to be free from YAWS, a chronic bacterial disease, in May 2016\u2019. [...] Fact: WHO has certified Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination (MNTE) in India in May 2015, well before the global target date of December 2015. Hence, the claim is TRUE.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Rs. 1,290 crore rupees allocated under National Bamboo Mission to help setting up small industries.", "evidence": "Lack of clarity about the manner of disbursal of the Rs 1,290 crore outlay announced in Budget 2018 is making bamboo farmers and other players skeptical about the revival of the sector that has been long ignored. The rural economy has been given a boost with Finance Minister Arun Jaitley\u2019s allocation for a Restructured National Bamboo Mission. The National Bamboo Mission is a wholly-sponsored central scheme. There is a tinge of skepticism in the people for whom the allocation has been announced. Though the Budget has allocated a total outlay of Rs 1,290 crore under the revised bamboo mission, the money is to be paid over a three-year period. \"On an average, Rs 430 crore will be spent annually. The big challenge this poses is to know how the money will be disbursed, who will qualify for it, and how can people apply for it,\" says Kedar Krushna Panda, assistant vice president, ILFS, in-charge of Tripura Bamboo Mission. Panda says the government has to give more clarity on how farmers can apply for the funds.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Recent visuals of liquor mafia gang assaulting a police officer during Mahagatbandhan\u2019s rule in Bihar", "evidence": "In the context of Bihar\u2019s recent Hooch tragedy, where more than 70 people died after consuming spurious liquor, video of a group of people assaulting a police officer near a railway track is being shared on social media claiming it as recent incident during the current Mahagathbandhan\u2019s rule in Bihar. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] Fact: Video shows liquor mafia gang thrashing ASI Ashutosh Kumar on 05 September 2020 for obstructing their illegal liquor business. On receiving the information, Jakkanpur Police reached the spot with extra force and rescued the injured ASI. However, during this period, Nitish Kumar served as the CM of Bihar with support from the BJP. Hence the claim made in the post is MISLEADING. [...] To sum it up, an old video of liquor mafia assaulting a police officer during NDA\u2019s rule in Bihar is shared as a recent incident during Mahagathbandhan\u2019s rule.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Raghuram Rajan had warned Rahul Gandhi and P Chidambaram about Nirav Modi, but they forced him to remain silent and kept approving loan till May 2014", "evidence": "Raghuram Rajan clearly denied such claims while mentioning Social media has a habit of attributing complete rubbish to him. Hence the claim is FALSE", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Website offering prizes in the name of Mohammed bin Rashid Ramadan Competition", "evidence": "A social media post accompanying a website link offering prizes in the name of Mohammed bin Rashid Ramadan Competition is being widely shared. Let\u2019s fact-check authenticity of the claim made in this post. [...] Fact: There is no such official competition being organised in the name of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. The URL shared is a phishing website intended to steal personal information of the users. Further the domain of the URL is known for hosting phishing websites. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE. [...] To sum it up, website offering prizes in the name of Mohammed bin Rashid Ramadan Competition is fake.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Interview of Bill Gates where he was accused of stealing Microsoft Software and making money by promoting COVID-19 vaccines", "evidence": "A video of Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates being interviewed by a journalist has gone viral. In the video, the journalist accuses Gates of stealing Microsoft software and promoting COVID-19 vaccines to make billions. She grills him with tough questions, and the interview ends abruptly after Gates appears frustrated. Let\u2019s check the veracity of the video. [...] Fact: This viral video was created using DeepFake Technology. In the original video, uploaded on ABC News (Australia) YouTube channel on 31 January 2023, Gates was questioned on climate change, COVID-19 conspiracy theories, rise of Artificial Intelligence, etc. Hence, the claim made in the post is FALSE. [...] After watching the entire video, we discovered that the anchor never asked Gates the questions seen in the viral video. Instead, she asked him about a range of other topics, including climate change, COVID-19 conspiracy theories, Elon Musk buying Twitter, Gates\u2019 association with Jeffrey Epstein, his philanthropic activities, and the rise of artificial intelligence.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Karnataka football team made to wait outside CM Siddiramaiah\u2019s residence and made to sit outside for 3 hours", "evidence": "Karnataka Congress leaders eye chief minister's post if Siddaramaiah vacates seat In Karnataka, amid rumours that CM Siddaramiah may resign and the Chief Minister post may become vacant, Congress leaders are lining up for the post.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Priyanka Gandhi has worn a Christian Cross over her neck during a Congress election rally in Kerala.", "evidence": "A collage with a couple of photos of Priyanka Gandhi is being widely shared on social media. It is being claimed that one photo in the collage shows Priyanka wearing a Rudraksha mala during her visit to Uttar Pradesh and the other photo is of Priyanka wearing a \u2018Christian cross\u2019 over her neck during her Kerala visit. But, FACTLY has found that the photo of Priyanka Gandhi wearing a \u2018Christian cross\u2019 over her neck is photoshopped. In the original image, the chain worn by Priyanka Gandhi does not have a \u2018Christian cross\u2019. The photo was captured during an election rally in Uttar Pradesh 2017. Also, FACTLY has debunked the photo when it went viral in 2019. [...] Fact \u2013 1. Getty Images \u2013 https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/indian-congress-party-leader-priyanka-gandhi-arrives-at-a-news-photo/642274474", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "More civilians killed under NDA than UPA", "evidence": "Claim 3: Total civilians killed under UPA & NDA govt. are 12 & 210 Fact: Total civilians killed under UPA & NDA govt. are 2081 & 1482. So the claim is FALSE A total of 2081 civilians were killed under the UPA government in 10 years, according to 2004-05 & 2013-14 annual reports of Ministry of Home Affairs, whereas a total of 1482 civilians were killed under the NDA government in 4 years, according to a Lok Sabha answer. So, numbers mentioned in the post are wrong.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Social media ads propagating a downloadable variant of Google\u2019s AI chatbot, Bard", "evidence": "- Inside Google Bard\u2019s AI Mechanism - 25 Google Bard Prompts for Social Media Advertisers - A Timeline of Google Bard\u2019s Growth and Future Updates [...] Download the 35 Google Bard Prompts for Social Media Advertisers, your free Google Bard cheat sheet. In addition to the 25 prompts above, we\u2019ve included 10 bonus AI prompts for digital marketers to enhance copy ideas and ad concepts. Get it today and discover Bard\u2019s AI-driven brilliance. [...] The rise of Google Bard cements the undeniable role of AI in social media advertising. With Google Bard at your disposal, you can seize the opportunity to tap into the possibilities that Google Bard offers. As a free tool (for the time being), now is the moment to maximize its features and master the art of Bard AI prompts.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Setu Bharatam project for safer roads. Making all national highways free of railway level crossings, by 2019, by building railway over bridges/under passes. Total outlay of 20, 800 crore rupees.", "evidence": "What is the outlay for the Setu Bharatam project? The second claim talks about the Setu Bharatam project which is initiated for safer roads and making all national highways free of railway level crossings by 2019. The claim is that the total outlay for the project to build railway over bridges/under passes is Rs. 20,800 crores. [...] According to another response in Lok Sabha in March 2018, the government mentioned that \u2018under this programme, construction of 208 ROBs or RUBs on Level Crossings at an estimated cost of Rs. 20,800 crores are included originally. However, due to site requirements/constraints, construction of bypasses, National Highway entrustment to National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) and corridor construction approach etc., 174 ROBs/RUBs are remaining as on date under Setu Bharatam scheme. 90 ROBs have already been sanctioned for Rs. 7101.24 crores. 40 ROBs have already been awarded & 24 ROBs have been taken for execution.\u2019", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "British authorities denied Savarkar the barrister degree and law practice, because Savarkar refused to take the oath of allegiance/loyalty to the British Empire", "evidence": "Many people feel that Savarkar was not called to the Bar because he refused to take a pledge of allegiance to the British Crown. The chain of events was as follows: [...] On 14 July 1909 the benchers gave their verdict: \"None of the charges against Savarkar was proven. However, there is still suspicion about him. Therefore he will not be called to the bar as yet. He is a member of this society and will continue to enjoy the privileges of the membership.\" Savarkar eventually withdrew from Grays Inn in 1910. All this information is given in Savarkar\u2019s letters from London (Samagra Savarkar Vangmaya, Vol.4 pp. 132/3/4)There was never any question of taking a pledge of allegiance to the British Crown. If there was, Savarkar would not have hesitated even for a moment to take such a pledge. Throughout his life, Savarkar had emphasized that Hindus have suffered terribly over the centuries by foolishly sticking to the pledges given to their enemies - Muslims and the British. Time has come for them to be realistic.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Hindus who wish to express their support for the Uniform Civil Code should give a missed call to \u20189090902024\u2019 before 06 July 2023", "evidence": "Update (08 July 2023): The Law Commission of India has also issued a disclaimer notice stating that certain phone numbers circulating on social media, which are erroneously linked to the Uniform Civil Code, are not associated with them. Individuals can express their views on the Uniform Civil Code by visiting the website of the Department of Legal Affairs or by sending an email to the Law Commission of India.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "RBI issued new guidelines to banks to treat scribbled notes as invalid", "evidence": "RBI did not issue any such new guidelines stating scribbled bank notes as invalid. RBI on their website clearly stated that all bank notes with writings or colour stains on them will continue to be legal tender, provided they are decipherable. Lately, the Press Information Bureau (PIB) through a tweet clarified the same saying that bank notes with scribblings on them will still continue to be legal tender. Hence, the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "It is not mandatory for a woman to submit her marriage certificate or divorce decree while applying for passport", "evidence": "NEW DELHI: Making the process to get passports friendlier for divorced or separated women, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has done away with the practice of asking for the name of the spouse, following a recommendation from a Parliamentary panel. The step is among a slew of measures announced by the MEA to bring the passport-seeking process up to date with modern norms. \"In case of divorce or separation, the applicant is not required to provide the name of the spouse in the form while applying for the issue of passport,\" said an MEA official. It is mandatory only for married applicants to provide the name of the spouse in the passport application. [...] Taking a leaf out of the experience of other countries, the MEA has made it non-mandatory for the applicant to provide the names of both mother and father in the application form if the parents are divorced or separated. \"Only one parent\u2019s name \u2014 either mother or father or legal guardian \u2014 is mandatory,\" added the official.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Provided for penalties for offences committed against persons with disabilities (PwDs)", "evidence": "Gehlot informed the media persons that the Bill provides for penalties for offences committed against persons with disabilities. Designated special Courts have been proposed to handle cases concerning violation of rights of PwDs. [...] Bill provides for penalties for offences committed against persons with disabilities. Designated special Courts have been proposed to handle cases concerning violation of rights of PwDs.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The Titanic ship was switched with the HMS Olympic and deliberately sunk as part of an insurance fraud scheme", "evidence": "There is no evidence to support this conspiracy theory. The theory was propagated by British author Robin Gardiner, but it was debunked by many authors and experts, including Steve Hall and Bruce Beveridge. The differences between the Titanic and the Olympic were more than just cosmetic and included many structural differences that would have made it impossible to switch the two ships. The insurance fraud theory also does not hold up to scrutiny. Several documentary films have presented expert evidence to debunk the conspiracy theories surrounding the Titanic disaster. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Bridges over Narmada at Bharuch and Chambal at Kota.", "evidence": "New Narmada Bridge is known as 3rd Narmada Bridge at Bharuch over river Narmada, A extradosed bridge with the longest spans in India and part of the six laning project of a section of NH-8 between Vadodara and Surat. Kota Chambal Bridge is a part of the Kota Bypass located outskirts of the city over the Chambal river in Rajasthan. The cable-stayed bridge is an Iconic Engineering Marvel and around 60-metre-high from the surface. [...] There are more Cable-stayed Bridges in India, completed and under construction such as Kacchi Dargah\u2013Bidupur Bridge,Versova\u2013Bandra Sea Link, Krishnarajapuram bridge,Akkar Bridge Sikkim, Anji Khad Bridge and Nivedita Setu over Hooghly river connecting Howrah with Kolkata.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "GrAMs, electronically linked to e-NAM, to make direct sale to consumers and bulk purchasers.", "evidence": "Gramin Agricultural Markets (GrAMs) The Government has also announced to develop and upgrade existing 22,000 rural haats into Gramin Agricultural Markets (GrAMs) to take care of the interests of more than 86% small and marginal farmers. The GrAMs will be electronically linked to e-NAM and exempted from regulations of Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) which will provide farmers facility to make direct sale to consumers and bulk purchasers.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) introduced in Nov 2015. Around 4 crore doses administered to children.", "evidence": "The annual report (2017-18) of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW) states that \u2018there are three types of Polio viruses namely type-1, 2 and 3 for which the vaccine was provided under Universal Immunization Programme as trivalent oral polio vaccine. Since last case of wild polio virus type-2 was reported in 1999, therefore, Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has recommended switch from trivalent OPV to bivalent OPV (containing only type-1 & 3). The tOPV to bOPV switch happened in India on 25th April, 2016. As part of Global Polio end-game strategy, to mitigate the risk associated with tOPV to bOPV switch, MoHFW has introduced Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) in UIP in November, 2015, which was expanded across the country by June, 2016. Currently, two dose fractional schedule is being followed in the country with vaccination at 6 weeks and 14 weeks of age. Till December, 2017, around 3.45 crore doses of IPV have been administered to children across the country since its introduction\u2019. [...] Fact: MoHFW has introduced Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) in UIP in November, 2015, which was expanded across the country by June, 2016. 4.56 crore doses of IPV have been supplied to the state governments and 3.45 crore doses administered till December 2017. Since the claim was made in May 2018, the number might have reached the 4 crore doses. Hence, the claim is TRUE. However, this shift to IPV is part of the larger global movement against Polio and as mandated by GPEI.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Social security has been made a nationwide phenomenon with Jan Suraksha", "evidence": "Jan Suraksha Schemes have provided an effective social security cover to the people: PM [...] The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi has extended good wishes to all the beneficiaries of Pradhan Mantri Jan Suraksha Schemes on completion of 8 years of the Schemes . [...] \"The #JanSuraksha schemes launched 8 years ago have been a source of strong support for crores of Indians. They have provided an effective social security cover to the people. My best wishes to all the beneficiaries.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Farm credit target has been raised to a record high of 11 lakh crore rupees for 2018-19.", "evidence": "Budget 2018: The farm credit target is likely to be raised by a whopping Rs 1 lakh crore to a record Rs 11 lakh crore in the Budget 2018-19 to improve credit flow in the agriculture sector, according to sources. In the current fiscal, the government has kept a credit target of Rs 10 lakh crore. Of which, Rs 6.25 lakh crore has already been disbursed in the first six months till September 2017, the government data showed. \"The government\u2019s priority is agriculture. There is a possibility that the credit disbursal target for the agriculture sector will further be increased to Rs 11 lakh crore for the next fiscal,\" sources said. Since credit is a critical input in achieving higher farm output, the institutional credit will help delink farmers from non-institutional sources of credit where they are compelled to borrow at usurious rates of interest, they said. Normally, farm loan attracts an interest rate of 9 per cent. But the government has been providing interest subvention to make available short-term farm credit at an affordable rate and help boost farm output. The government is providing 2 per cent interest subsidy to ensure farmers get short-term farm loan of up to Rs 3 lakh at an effective rate of 7 per cent per annum.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Bhutan has become the first country in the world without Mosques", "evidence": "There is only a prayer hall provided for Muslims to offer prayers at Bumthang, Ura Highway, in Semtokha, Bhutan. Apart from this prayer hall, no other prayer hall or Mosque was constructed for Muslims in Bhutan. But there are a few other nations like Monaco and Slovakia where there are no establishments of Mosques for Muslims to offer prayers like Bhutan. Hence, the claim made in the post is Misleading.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "AMRIT pharmacies provide drugs for cancer and cardiovascular diseases at a discount of 60 to 90 percent", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes claims about affordable healthcare, specifically about essential medicines. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Visual capture of the occurrence of snowfall in the great mosque of Mecca", "evidence": "The National Meteorological Center of Saudi Arabia has confirmed that the visuals shown in the post are fake. The official Twitter handle of the Emirate of Makkah Province tweeted that the snowfall video is incorrect and was made with additional effects. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Mob lynched a Christian and set him on fire over blasphemy charges in Pakistan\u2019s Nankana Sahib", "evidence": "In light of a recent incident in Nankana Sahib in Pakistan, wherein a man was lynched and set on fire by mob over blasphemy charges, a social media post claiming that the victim, who was set on fire is a Christian is being widely shared. The viral post also shared a video of mob setting a man on fire, attributing the visuals to the recent incident. Through this article let\u2019s fact-check the claim made in the post. [...] According to the news reports, recently in Pakistan\u2019s Nankana Sahib, a mob killed a man who was accused of blasphemy. Earlier, the man was arrested over blasphemy charges, after a mob attacked him for allegedly desecrating the Quran. Later, the mob entered the police station and dragged him out, beat him to death and set him on fire. [...] To sum it up, man lynched to death over blasphemy allegations in Pakistan is not a Christian.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A group of people getting electrocuted during Sri Ramanavami Procession for dancing in front of a Mosque.", "evidence": "A video showing a group of people being electrocuted by a high-tension wire has been circulating on social media. The post claims that the individuals were part of a group dancing to loud music in front of a mosque during a Sri Ramanavami procession and insinuates that the incident was divine punishment for their disrespectful behaviour. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] According to the media reports (here and here), three men tragically lost their lives due to electrocution while performing stunts during a Ram Navami celebration in Kotra deep/Kodta deep Singh village of Kota district of Rajasthan on 30 March 2023. The incident occurred when seven individuals formed a human pyramid to retrieve a steel ring that was stuck in an overhead high-tension cable. As they attempted to remove the ring, the group received an electric shock. The victims have been identified as Abhishek, 24, Mahendra Yadav, 40, and Lalit Prajapat, 25, all residents of Baroda village. Four other individuals\u2014Amit Mehar, 19, Himanshu, 21, Radhayshyam Mehra, 24, and Palendra Prajapat, 23\u2014also suffered electrocution but survived. [...] To sum it up, the incident in which three people were electrocuted during Ram Navami celebrations in Rajasthan did not take place in front of a mosque.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "India\u2019s National Anthem \u2018Jana Gana Mana\u2019 is declared by the UNESCO as the best anthem in the world.", "evidence": "UNESCO\u2019s official website has a document saying that the news \u2018Jana Gana Mana\u2019 declared by the UNESCO as the best anthem in the world is a rumor. Hence the claim is FALSE", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Payment of wages to workers within 15 days in 85% of the cases as compared to long delays in the past.", "evidence": "Payment of wages \u2013 the rights and responsibilities of workers and employers [...] In most employment relationships, there is both an express and implied duty for the employer to pay their workers wages (unless the worker is in repudiatory breach of contract or has agreed to waive their contractual right to be paid for whatever reason). If the employer fails to pay a worker the full amount that they are owed under the contract then the employer has breached the terms of the contract. If this failure to pay wages is deliberate then this is a fundamental breach of contract and the worker can choose to terminate the contract of employment (and claim constructive unfair dismissal, if they are an employee and wish to do so). Alternatively, the worker can choose to waive the employer\u2019s breach. If the failure to pay is a mistake on the employer\u2019s part then there is probably not a fundamental breach of contract unless the employer\u2019s conduct is repeated or unexplained. The obligation for the employer to pay the employee persists even if the employee is refused permission to come to work (i.e. for medical reasons, because of disciplinary suspension or if there is a work shortage).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Congress party leaders sat before a banner that reads \u2018\u2026Chor Group Meeting.\u2019", "evidence": "A photo of senior Indian National Congress leaders Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi and former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh is being shared by social media users against the background of an image with accompanying text which reads 'Chor Group Meeting' (thief group meeting). [...] The photograph in this report did not contain the words 'Chor Group Meeting'. [...] Evidently, the words 'Chor Group Meeting' were edited onto an old photo of a CWC meeting.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "BBC removes Kashmir from the Indian map", "evidence": "The maps failed to show the divided territory of Kashmir as a disputed region, Indian media reports say. [...] Most maps depict Kashmir as a disputed region provisionally split into areas under Indian and Pakistani control. [...] The move comes after Delhi reportedly raised objections with the US that the India map ignored India's claim on Kashmir while the corresponding map of Pakistan showed Pakistani-controlled Kashmir as part of Pakistan without acknowledging its disputed status, according to Indian media reports.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Scenes of protesters firing machine guns during recent clashes in Manipur", "evidence": "Amid the recent violent clashes in Manipur, a video showing people firing bullets from machine guns is being circulated on social media with the claim that it depicts the ongoing conflict. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] The Manipur clashes are centred around the demand for Scheduled Tribe (ST) status for the non-tribal Meitei community. The unrest began when the BJP-led government launched an eviction drive in February, which some saw as targeting a specific tribal group. Protests escalated on May 3 after the Manipur High Court directed the state to pursue a 10-year-old recommendation to grant ST status to the Meitei community. Tribal groups oppose this move, fearing a loss of job opportunities and the possibility of the Meiteis acquiring land in the hills, pushing the tribals out. The situation intensified with violent protests, arson, and a death on May 3 and 4 following a \"tribal solidarity rally\" against the move to include the Meiteis in the ST list. In response, the government deployed the army to regain control of the situation. Consequently, the video in question predates the recent violent clashes that unfolded in Manipur. We contacted the previous uploaders of the video to determine if it is from a video game or a real incident and if it is indeed real, to gather more information, such as the location and context of the firing. This article will be updated accordingly once the necessary information is obtained.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "India ranked 9th on the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in 2016 \u2013 World Investment Report 2017.", "evidence": "Key information about India Foreign Direct Investment India Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 8.4 USD bn in Dec 2023, compared with an increase of 3.1 USD bn in the previous quarter. See the table below for more data. Explore the most complete set of 6.6 million time series covering more than 200 economies, 20 industries and 18 macroeconomic sectors.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Special banking arrangement of Rs. 10,000 crores to clear fertilizer subsidy dues.", "evidence": "CCEA approves Special Banking Arrangement for payment of outstanding subsidy to fertilizer The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved implementation of Special Banking Arrangement (SBA) for Rs. 10,000 crore for payment of outstanding claims on account of fertilizer subsidy in year 2016-17. CCEA chaired by Prime Minster Narendra Modi also approved that in future, Department of Fertilizers will avail SBA with concurrence of Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance. [...] Accordingly, SBA was worked out with State Bank of India (SBI) for an amount of Rs. 10,000 crore to meet outstanding subsidy claims of fertilizer companies. The loan together with Government interest thereon has been repaid from BE 2017-18 within the sanctioned budget.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Recent picture of US President Joe Biden having ice cream in Ukraine\u2019s capital city Kyiv", "evidence": "A morphed photo showing United States President Joe Biden eating an ice cream cone in front of a take-away counter in Kyiv, Ukraine has gone viral on social media. [...] The photo of Biden having an ice cream outside a restaurant in Kyiv soon went viral with several sarcastic takes and many users actually falling for the morphed image. [...] The same photo is being widely shared on Facebook with one of the captions reading, \"This is a COOL pic of President Biden enjoying an ice cream cone, a chocolate one, in Kyiv, Ukraine!\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Recent picture of Deepika Padukone posing in saffron-coloured heels", "evidence": "BHOPAL: More than a month before its release, the Shah Rukh Khan-Deepika Padukone starrer much awaited Bollywood film, \u2018Pathaan,\u2019 has landed into trouble in BJP-ruled Madhya Pradesh, due to the saffron coloured costume worn by the film\u2019s lead lady in the song, Besharam Rang.\u2019 Peeved over Deepika Padukone wearing a saffron coloured bikini towards the end of the song (first track of the 2023 movie) whose video was released recently, the MP\u2019s Home, Jail and Law Minister Narottam Mishra said on Wednesday, \"The costume used in the song is highly objectionable. The filming of the song in such a manner reveals a polluted mindset.\" [...] \"Since the song is titled \u2018Besharam Rang,\u2019 does that mean that saffron colour is shameless? The objectionable scenes in the concerned song should be banned or deleted at the earliest.\" The MP Congress\u2019s media wing vice-president Bhupendra Gupta mocked the MP home minister on the issue.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Modi government reconstructed the Sharda Peeth temple situated in PoK", "evidence": "Home Minister Amit Shah said on March 22 that the government will move forward to open Sharda Peeth on the lines of the Kartarpur corridor. Sharda Peeth, a revered site for the Hindu community, is located in Neelum Valley in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (PoK) across Teetwal village in Kupwara district of Jammu and Kashmir, along the Line of Control (LoC). [...] He said the architecture and construction of the temple have been done according to mythological scriptures under the aegis of Sharda Peeth. The idol of Sharda Maa was donated by the Sringeri Math on January 24 and has been installed here, he added. \"The reconstruction of Maa Sharda\u2019s temple in Kupwara is a necessary and important step in the direction of discovery of Sharda-civilisation and promotion of Sharda-script. Once upon a time, Sharda Peeth was considered the centre of knowledge in the Indian subcontinent, scholars from all over the country used to come here in search of scriptures and spiritual knowledge. Sharda script is the original script of our Kashmir, which has been named after Maa Sharda,\" he said.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "TRS MLA Harish Rao set to join BJP.", "evidence": "Hyderabad: Fed up of being sidelined, top TRS leader T. Harish Rao is said to be seriously considering plans to move to the BJP on an invitation from top leaders of the party. [...] Mr Harish Rao is expected to make his move after the Lok Sabha election results. The BJP wants to build a strong base in the southern states and Mr Harish Rao\u2019s presence in its ranks could give it a strong footing in Telangana state. The BJP has of late begun attracting leaders to its fold. With the withering away of the Congress, it could emerge as the alternative, with the support of Mr Harish Rao and his team from the TRS.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Under the UPA II, the average annual MSP growth rate was 19.3%, under the NDA government; this has fallen to 3.6%", "evidence": "Official data on the real economy under the NDA regime has been criticised from several quarters for overestimating its own macroeconomic performance and undervaluing that of the UPA regime. Even then, the simple truth which is evident from the official data is that on average, real GDP growth was at least one percentage point higher during the UPA decade than that of the NDA (See Table 2). Not only did the deep slump following the pandemic and lockdown cause major disruption during NDA-II, but slowdown in the economy was already evident under NDA-I after the successive policy shocks of demonetisation and GST rollout. The UPA era had also witnessed the global financial crisis and consequent worldwide recession in 2008-09, which was also a major external shock. [...] The most problematic aspect of UPA era\u2019s growth process was the high inflation that accompanied it, particularly the double digit food inflation (Table 2). The new series of CPI data reflect a sharp decline in the overall consumer inflation rate by the end of NDA-I\u2019s tenure to 3.4%, but a resumption of the inflationary trend under NDA-II, averaging around 6% annually. As was the case with the UPA regime, NDA too has relied upon the Reserve Bank of India to try and control inflation by raising its policy interest rate and managing liquidity.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "A woman gets garlanded, and kisses are blown at her while joining the Congress party in Karnataka", "evidence": "Later, around 20 BJP women parliamentarians led by Union Minister of State for Agriculture Shobha Karandlaje complained to the Speaker and demanded stringent action against the Wayanad MP. The leader from Karnataka alleged that Gandhi blew a kiss at Irani and other women MPs. [...] Karandlaje said he left after throwing the kiss. \"After blowing a flying kiss towards Smriti Irani and all the other women members, he went away. This is a inappropriate, indecent behaviour. Senior members told us that such an incident had never happened in the history of Parliament. So, we filed a complaint with the Speaker, urging him to take the CCTV footage and initiate action against the MP,\" she said. [...] \"Throughout the Bharat Jodo Yatra \u2014 those who joined it and watched it \u2014 were all giving it (flying kiss) as a symbol of love and affection,\" Congress general secretary (organisation) KC Venugopal said.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "A woman can choose whether the name in the passport should be of her mother or the father and not both parents.", "evidence": "Exclusion of father/mother name from passport of minor in single parent custody 1. The online passport application form now permits that an applicant may provide the name of father or mother or legal guardian, i.e., only one parent and not both. This would enable single parents to apply for passports for their children and get passport(s) issued where the name of either the father or the mother is not required to be printed at the request of the applicant. [...] (a) A self-declaration on a plain paper stating that he/she does not want to have biological father/mother\u2019s name on his/her passport and instead of that, the name of the step father/mother be mentioned against the column of father\u2019s/mother\u2019s name. The applicant also has to declare that in future if there is litigation, the entire onus to defend such a case will be on him/her.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "India remains the world\u2019s fastest growing large economy.", "evidence": "India's economic growth is projected to reach 6.2 per cent in 2024 India remains the fastest-growing large economy and its growth is projected to reach 6.2 per cent in 2024, according to the World Economic Situation and Prospects 2024 report published by the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. [...] Though India's growth is projected to reach 6.2 per cent in 2024, it slightly lower than the 6.3 per cent estimated for 2023. This year's growth will be supported by robust domestic demand and strong growth in the manufacturing and services sectors, the UN report said.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "During UPA government\u2019s tenure, the unemployment rate was 2.2% while under NDA government, the unemployment rate is 7.9%.", "evidence": "Fact: As per quinquennial (recurring every 5 years) NSSO surveys on employment & unemployment, the unemployment rate during the UPA was around 2.2%. The unemployment rate during the NDA as per the PLFS 2017-18 was 6.1%. The figure of 7.9% is based on the survey of a Mumbai based private organization. Hence the claim is PARTLY TRUE. According to a Mumbai based organisation, Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, in June 2019, the unemployment rate in India had reached 7.9%. The report has further added that the rate of labour participation has also declined. According to the report, labour participation rate is the proportion of working age population comprising of those above the age of 15 years, that is actively looking for a job, be it employed or unemployed. Unemployment rate has been calculated as the proportion of labour force that is not employed. The sample size used is 5,22, 000. The sampling method has not been mentioned. [...] According to the National Sample Survey Office (68th round), in 2011-12, the unemployment rate stood at 2.2%. This survey was based on 4,56,999 persons spread out across the country selected using appropriate statistical sampling methods. The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) published in May 2019 states that the unemployment rate in India as of 2017-18 was 6.1%. PLFS was based on 4,33,339 persons across the country. The unemployment rate as per earlier NSSO surveys was 2% in 2009-10 and 2.3% in 2004-05.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "The number of ITRs filed during FY 2017-18 is 6.84 crore, a jump of 80.5% compared to FY 2013-14", "evidence": "The government has released provisional figures of direct tax collections for FY 2017-18. According to the data, in FY 2017-18, 6.84 crore income tax returns (ITRs) were filed with the Income Tax Department as compared to 5.43 crore ITRs filed during FY 2016-17, a growth of 26 per cent. Driving the growth in the number of income tax return filings is the growth in new ITR filers. The government data shows the number of new ITR filers has increased to 99.49 lakh (as on 30.03.2018) during FY 2017-18, as compared to 85.51 lakh new ITR filers added during FY 2016-17, a growth of 16.3 per cent. The government also said that refunds amounting to Rs.1.49 lakh crore have been issued during 2017-18. [...] 8) As compared to 3.79 crore ITRs filed in FY 2013-14, the number of ITRs filed during FY 2017-18 (6.84 crore) has increased by 80.5 per cent. 9) The increase in total returns filed and new returns filed during FY 2017-18 is a result of sustained efforts made by the Income Tax Department in following up with potential non-filers through email, SMS, statutory notices, outreach programmes, etc. as well as through structural changes made in law and the government's emphasis on widening of tax net, the finance ministry statement said.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Visuals of a boy offering namaz in the middle of the road", "evidence": "The video was initially shared by a social media user who is based in Dubai. Further, clues like vehicle registration plates, food delivery executives and uniform of security guard suggests that the video is from Dubai. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Chilli Prices were Rs 12000 per quintal then, now is Rs 3000 to Rs 4000 per quintal", "evidence": "Uttam Kumar Reddy said that the chilli farmers were justified in holding a protest seeking supportive price for their produce. Instead of intervening on the issue to bail out distressed farmers, Chief Minister K. Chandrashekar Rao crushed their agitation using intimidating tactics. \"KCR wrongly implicated poor chilli farmers in a fake case. The innocent farmers were immediately arrested and sent to jail. Today the Chief Minister crossed all limits by ordering the police to produce the arrested farmers before the court hand-cuffed. This is the height of arrogance of power,\" he said. [...] Uttam Kumar Reddy reiterated the demand that the State Government immediately procure the chilli by paying Rs. 12,000 per quintal. He warned the TRS Government of serious implications if it continues to neglect the farmers of Telangana State. \"KCR remained a mute spectator to suicide by more than 3,000 farmers. TRS Government did nothing when farmers lost four consecutive crops and when a favourable monsoon increased their production in Rabi season, they were denied remunerative prices. Congress party will not tolerate this injustice with farmers and will launch mass agitation,\" he announced.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Brahmins hold a significant majority in high-level government positions", "evidence": "The PSC annual report for 2017-18 shows that Brahmins secured 33.39 percent of total government jobs, followed by a 20.01 percent share of the Chhetris, from among the 7,718 candidates recommended for civil service positions. [...] \"Brahmins and Chhetris are the two communities conventionally focused on government jobs,\" said PSC Chairman Umesh Mainali. \"So it\u2019s natural that they continue to lead in the number of government jobs as well as applying for them.\" The percentage of fresh recruits in civil service was more than 40 in the fiscal year 2016-17. According to the PSC, 22.96 percent new jobs went to Brahmins and 18.67 percent to Chhetris that year.Massive applications from these two communities also raise their chance for selection in civil service even as the Civil Service Act reserves 45 percent seats for women, indigenous groups, Madhesis, Dalits, people with disability and those from the backward regions. Open competition is held only for 55 percent seats.Forty-four percent of applicants came from the two castes last fiscal year. According to the commission, of the 567,853 total applicants, 26.47 percent were Brahmins and 17.37 percent Chhetris.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The allocation to secondary education is down to Rs 576 crore in 2017-18 from Rs 9990 crore in 2016-17.", "evidence": "288 [Grant 70.) APFROPRIATION ACCOUNTS OF THE CENTRAL [...] Secoudary Eduention \" 62.000 T4821 \u2014TATO Fa \u2014T,470 [...] Secondary Schools, . \u00ab &0rtoo Iusso9 5,201 \u2014S,I71 \u2014 |", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The UPA government constructed only 25 lakh houses in their last 4 years where as the current BJP government in the last 4 years constructed 1.25 crore houses, a difference of 1 crore houses.", "evidence": "- Fact: The UPA in its last 4 years constructed 89.65 lakh houses and not 25 lakh houses. Hence the claim is FALSE. [...] The Prime Minister Narendra Modi while addressing a gathering to mark the Grihapravesh (housewarming) of Prime Minister Awas Yojana- Grameen (PMAY-G) beneficiaries in Maharashtra, claimed that the UPA constructed only 25 lakh houses during their last four (4) years while the current government constructed 1.25 crore houses in the last four (4) years, one crore more houses. Here is a fact check of this claim. [...] As far as UPA\u2019s last four years in concerned, the prime minister was way off the mark. The UPA constructed 89.65 lakh houses, almost 3.5 times the number of houses claimed by the PM. As far as the current government is concerned and if the houses constructed in the last six months is also taken into account, the figure might be closer to the 1.25 crore houses as mentioned by the PM. It has to be noted that this is only the count of rural houses for both governments. If the urban housing numbers are also included, then the numbers for both the governments could be higher.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Rural road connectivity increased from 56% in 2014 to 82% villages.", "evidence": "Has rural road connectivity increased and by how much? The first claim of the government is that rural road connectivity increased from 56% in 2014 to 82% villages. The impact assessment report of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) states that \u2018PMGSY was launched in December 2000 as a special intervention of the Government of India with the broad objective of ensuring sustainable poverty reduction. The scheme aims to provide good quality all-weather single connectivity road to every eligible habitation. Rural roads are a state subject under the Constitution and as such are the basic responsibility of the states. However, under the PMGSY, the construction of good quality and well-engineered roads are fully funded by the Government of India. Maintenance of these roads is the responsibility of the states. The year 2013 saw the launch of PMGSY-II with the objectives of consolidating the existing rural road network and upgrading existing rural roads that provide connectivity to rural growth centres. PMGSY-II envisages sharing of construction costs between the Centre and the states with maintenance costs continuing to be funded fully by the states.\u2019 [...] Fact: By June 2014, 56% of the target habitations under PMGSY were connected by roads. By July 2018, 88% of the target of PMGSY (II) have been connected by roads. Hence, the claim is TRUE. But, it has to be noted that the percentages correspond to the target under PMGSY and not the total habitations in the country.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "A woman with ten kids from ten different men was buried in a Phallus-shaped coffin in Ghana, Africa", "evidence": "The person buried inside the Phallus-shaped coffin is not a woman but a man named John Nii Addo Allotey. When he was alive, he used to perform circumcision. John\u2019s family decided to build a Phallus-shaped coffin for him as an honour to his profession. Hence the claim made in the post is Misleading.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "All students studying Business Management at Seton Hall University in the USA are obligated to study Bhagavad Gita", "evidence": "A post circulating on social media claims that all students studying Business Management at Seton Hall University in the USA are obligated to study the ancient Hindu Scripture Bhagavad Gita. Further, the post also questions the absence of a similar course within the Indian educational system. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] Fact: \u2018The Journey of Transformation,\u2019 the first course in Seton Hall University\u2019s core curriculum, includes not only the Bhagavad Gita but also religious texts from diverse traditions such as Christianity, Hebrew, Greek, and others. Furthermore, it is evident that the Bhagavad Gita has been integrated into the curriculum of various Indian universities and is also referenced in NCERT textbooks at the school level. Hence the claim made in the post is MISLEADING. Upon conducting an internet search to gather more information, we discovered media reports (here & here) regarding this matter. According to these reports, Seton Hall University, a prominent Catholic university located in New Jersey, made the study of the Bhagavad Gita compulsory for all students starting in 2008. The university aimed to introduce a transformative course that would profoundly impact the character and lives of its students.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sangeeta Phogat suffered a devastating 0-10 defeat in the Hungary Ranking Series tournament", "evidence": "A photo is being shared on social media claiming that wrestler Sangeeta Phogat suffered a devastating loss with a score of 0-10 in the Hungary Ranking Series tournament. Sharing the picture, many users taunted Sangeeta Phogat for participating in the protests. Sangeeta Phogat was one of the six wrestlers who took part in the protests against WFI chief Brij Bhushan Singh, who has been accused of sexual harassment. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] When we searched for the details of the claim made in the post, we found the results and videos of the Hungary Ranking Series tournament on the United World Wrestling website. As per the details provided on this website, Sangeeta Phogat in her first round at the Hungary Ranking Series tournament suffered a devastating 0-10 defeat against the US wrestler Jennifer Page Rogers. [...] To sum it up, despite a 10-0 loss in the first round, Sangeeta Phogat made a strong comeback and eventually won the Bronze Medal at the Hungary Ranking Series tournament.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Shram Suvidha Portal has been launched that allocates Unique labour identification number and enables online registration of establishments", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes three claims about ensuring labour welfare. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "20 Gokul Grams are being established and 41 Bull Mother farms modernized.", "evidence": "The second claim is that \u201820 Gokul Grams are being established and 41 Bull Mother farms are modernized\u2019. [...] A response to a question in the Lok Sabha in August 2018 mentions that 20 Gokul Grams and 41 Bull Mother farms are under progress in various states. [...] Fact: 20 Gokul Grams have been sanctioned for 13 states under the scheme. As of August 2018, 20 Gokul Grams and 41 bull mother farms are under progress in various states. Hence the claim is TRUE.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Double taxation avoidance agreement signed with Mauritius, Cyprus, Singapore", "evidence": "On May 10, 2016, India and Mauritius signed a protocol amending the India-Mauritius double income tax treaty that would, among other things, permit India to tax a Mauritian resident on capital gains arising from the sale of shares of Indian companies acquired on or after April 1, 2017. Although equity investments made prior to April 1, 2017 will not be subject to the protocol, the protocol will have a profound impact on foreign investors\u2019 use of Mauritian entities to structure inbound equity investment into India. Foreign equity investors will likely turn away from Mauritius and toward jurisdictions that have more favorable tax treaties with India such as the Netherlands, Cyprus (although it is currently blacklisted in India) and UAE. Although Singapore historically has been among the more favored countries for inbound India investment, the protocol will also apply to Singapore investors because the India-Singapore double income tax treaty links its capital gains tax regime to the capital gains tax regime in the India-Mauritius double income tax treaty.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "153 integrated cluster action plans (ICAPs) for 29 states and 1 UT have been developed.", "evidence": "To create 300 such Rurban growth clusters over the next 3 years, which will be ODF, green and also create agro based and thematic clusters based on skilled manpower and access to economic opportunities. - 267 clusters already identified. 153 integrated Cluster Action Plans (ICAPs), which are the blueprints of investment for 29 states and one UT of Dadra & Nagar Haveli. [...] Organic clusters are being especially developed in tribal, rainfed, hilly and remote areas for the welfare of disadvantaged farmers of these regions.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Allocation in budget 2018 raised to 3 lakh crore rupees, a rise of 20% over previous year.", "evidence": "While funding for health, education and sanitation programmes in Budget 2018-19 appears to be the highest over the last three years\u2013a 13 percent rise from the previous year\u2013the money set aside has declined from actual allocations of 2017-18, according to a FactChecker analysis of Budget data . With an eye on the 2019 general elections, finance minister Arun Jaitley announced the world\u2019s largest national health insurance programme, scholarships for 1,000 doctorate engineering students at the Indian Institutes of Technology and Indian Institute of Science, and the construction of 18.8 million toilets by 2019. The estimated budgetary expenditure on health, education and social protection for 2018-19 is now Rs.1.38 lakh crore, a 13 percent rise over the estimated expenditure of Rs.1.22 lakh crore in 2017-18. [...] On a positive note, the budget for the National Nutrition Mission \u2013a programme that seeks to reduce stunting, undernutrition, anemia and low birth weight of babies\u2013under the women and child development ministry, rose over three times, from Rs 950 crore in 2017-18 (revised estimates) to Rs 3,000 crore in 2018-19 (budget estimate). This restores the government\u2019s commitment to the improving nutrition status among Indian children, after the programme\u2019s budget was cut in the revised estimate for 2017-18. From an allocation of Rs 1,500 crore, the revised estimate came down 36.6 percent to Rs 950 crore for that year.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Bio-toilets are introduced in train coaches only after 2014", "evidence": "Bio-Toilets in Indian Railways: In line with Prime Minister Narendra Modi\u2019s mission of Swacch Bharat, Piyush Goyal-led Indian Railways has fulfilled the pledge of bio toilets in passenger trains. According to the national transporter, 100 per cent of passenger coaches have been fitted with bio toilets. This has ensured that no human waste is discharged from coaches of passenger trains on rail tracks. With this effort of the Railway Ministry, around 2,74,000 litres per day of excreta on rail tracks are being avoided. Indian Railway had said that with this move, human waste led corrosion of rails and fittings costing an amount of Rs 400 crore per annum, is also avoided. As many as 73,078 passenger train coaches have been fitted with 2,58,906 bio toilets. Further, the national transporter has planned to supplement the existing system of bio toilet with vaccum flushing system toilet (bio vaccum toilets), which substantially reduces the requirement of water for flushing, while ensuring effective flushing of fecal matter from the pans. According to Indian Railways, bio vaccum toilets have been provided in a total of 1,372 LHB (Linke Hofmann Busch) coaches and also, it has been decided to provide bio vaccum toilets in air-conditioned LHB train coaches. Besides, sanctions for 8,500 coaches are also available, Indian Railways said.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered.", "evidence": "The second claim is that Produce worth 41,591K crore rupees has been transacted through 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh farmers and sellers registered through the e-NAM portal. As per a response provided by the government in the Lok Sabha in March 2018, \u2018National Agriculture Market (eNAM) is a pan-India electronic trading portal which networks the existing APMC Mandis to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities.\u2019 The government further stated that e-NAM has been deployed 551 regulated wholesale markets in 15 States and 02 UTs across the country as of March 2018. The pilot of the e-NAM was launched in 2016. [...] Claim: Produce worth 41,591k crore rupees has been transacted through 417 Mandis and 87.5 lakh framers and sellers registered. Fact: The e-NAM website shows 585 Mandis in different states and UTs. A total of 1.12 crore farmers have been registered on the platform. The amount of transaction is unverified. The first part of the claim remains UNVERIFIED but the latter two are TRUE.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Minimum wage increased by 42%, directly benefiting 55 lakh workers.", "evidence": "A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers may legally pay to workers or it is the price floor below which workers may not sell their labour. [...] The basic rate of minimum wages for an unskilled worker in the scheduled employment other than agriculture has been proposed at Rs.350 in Area \u2018C\u2019 from the current minimum wage (basic wage + variable dearness allowance) of Rs.246 resulting in an increase of about 42%. The basic rate of minimum wages for an unskilled worker in the scheduled employment \"agriculture\" has been proposed at Rs.300 in Area \u2018C\u2019 from the current minimum wage (basic wage + variable dearness allowance) of Rs.211 resulting in an increase of about 42%. [...] Due to this revision, additional 55 lakh workers would be benefited. This would indeed, be a good gesture on the part of the Government towards the labour fraternity.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Pervez Musharraf has said \u201cBiggest strength of Pakistan is Indian Muslims, not the nuclear bombs. They are converting India into an Islamic nation by population explosion. India can repeal article 370 from Kashmir, India can build Ram Temple, India can win war against Pakistan, but India cannot prevent itself from becoming an Islamic nation\u201d.", "evidence": "Pakistan\u2019s use of the Islamic card had hindered India\u2019s engagement with the region including prohibiting participation in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) despite having one of the largest Muslim populations in the world. India was particularly worried about Pakistan\u2019s membership in the pro-western Baghdad Pact along with Turkey and Iran. The pro-western political, military and strategic partnership fostered a special relationship between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia including the stationing of Pakistani troops in Saudi Arabia and the funding of Pakistani arms acquisitions and its emerging nuclear weapons program. As the war against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan intensified, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) also became a particularly strong Pakistan supporter. These same two Arab countries became the staunchest supporters of the Taliban regime. [...] Turkey under Pakistan\u2019s influence has been highly vocal about India\u2019s decision to abrogate Article 370. India has countered Turkey\u2019s criticism calling it as an internal affair. India is also worried about Turkey\u2019s growing regional aspirations. India to stymie Turkey\u2019s postures has increased dialogue with Cyprus, Greece, and Armenia. [...] On 5 August 2019, the Government of India (GoI) announced the repeal of Article 370 of the Constitution and reorganisation of the Jammu and Kashmir (J & K) State into two union territories. This sparked an unprecedented, if ill-informed, international response, especially to the region's post-decision limits. Indeed, many countries have acknowledged that the reorganisation is India's internal affair and that the J&K issue must be resolved through dialogue between India and Pakistan.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Eating eggs and banana at the same time will kill a man in five minutes.", "evidence": "The mixture of egg and banana will not lead to poisoning. In many dishes like Banana egg pancakes and Banana scrambled eggs, eggs and banana are mixed to make the dish. Also, the image used in the post has been used previously for other posts related to the Iftar party. Hence the claim made in the post is FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "All 34 international airports and all 48 domestic airports have been provided with accessible feature.", "evidence": "(19) Where provided, baggage check-in and retrieval systems shall be on an accessible route complying with 4.3, and shall have space immediately adjacent complying with 4.2. If unattended security barriers are provided, at least one gate shall comply with 4.13. Gates which must be pushed open by wheelchair or mobility aid users shall have a smooth continuous surface extending from 2 inches above the floor to 27 inches above the floor. [...] Section 36.211 Maintenance of Accessible Features Section 36.211 provides that a public accommodation shall maintain in operable working condition those features of facilities and equipment that are required to be readily accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities by the Act or this part. The Act requires that, to the maximum extent feasible, facilities must be accessible to, and usable by, individuals with disabilities. This section recognizes that it is not sufficient to provide features such as accessible routes, elevators, or ramps, if those features are not maintained in a manner that enables individuals with disabilities to use them. Inoperable elevators, locked accessible doors, or \"accessible\u2019\u2019 routes that are obstructed by furniture, filing cabinets, or potted plants are neither \"accessible to\u2019\u2019 nor \"usable by\u2019\u2019 individuals with disabilities.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "More than 1.16 crore antenatal check-ups conducted at over 12,900 health facilities.", "evidence": "The BJP government has published an infographic on the 48- months portal that makes four claims about welfare & benefits to pregnant women. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The colour markers printed on toothpaste represents the type of ingredient used in it", "evidence": "Fact Check: No, Colored Boxes On Toothpaste Tube Don't Represent Its Ingredients [...] Posts shared on social media claim that different colours on the strip at the bottom of toothpaste indicate its ingredients. An image being shared with the posts says that the black stripe represents pure chemical, the red stripe represents natural and chemical composition, the blue stripe shows natural and medicine, and the green stripe shows natural. The image is shared with the caption, \"Meaning behind the colour codes of Toothpaste: BLACK-pure chemical, RED-natural + chemical, GREEN-natural, BLUE-natural + medicine.\" [...] The website of Colgate mentions that colour code means nothing. According to the website, if you want to know what kind of ingredients your toothpaste has, don't look for a coloured block at the end of the tube. Instead, take a look at the packaging for a comprehensive list of ingredients.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "5 Hindus were caught raping a half-burnt dead body in the Sikar district of Rajasthan", "evidence": "The men, who were arrested on August 2, have been formally charged with rape, murder, and destruction of evidence, among other crimes, the Ministry of Home Affairs said in a statement. They could face the death penalty if found guilty. The victim belonged to India\u2019s Dalit community, the most oppressed in Hinduism\u2019s caste-based hierarchy, senior police official Ingit Pratap Singh told CNN. The victim was allegedly gang-raped and killed on August 1 in a southwestern district of the Indian capital, after she had gone to fetch water from a crematorium, he said.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "For pre-matric scholarship for OBCs, the rates of scholarship increased substantially.", "evidence": "The scheme of Pre-matric Scholarship for the benefit of children belonging to Weaker Section amongst OBCs has been formulated and this Scholarship would be helpful in spreading education amongst such children especially amongst the girl child of weaker sections. [...] The scholarships may be given to the students enrolled in class I or any subsequent class of pre-matric stage in the case of day scholars, and class III or any subsequent class of pre-matric stage in the case of hostlers. The scholarship will terminate at the end of class X. The duration of scholarship in an academic year will be 10 months. [...] Source: For Complete information on Pre Matric Scholarship Scheme for Other Backward Classes (OBC) Students for Studies in India, Click here", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Muslim Advocate Adeel Ahmed recently filed a petition in the Supreme Court seeking a ban on Gadar-2 film", "evidence": "A user named Pushpendra Kulshreshtha wrote- \"Muslim advocate Adil Ahmed filed a petition in the Supreme Court to ban Sunny Deol\u2019s upcoming film Gadar 2, this film has been made to hurt the sentiments of Muslims. Another user wrote- \"A jihadi advocate Adil Ahmed has filed a case on Sunny Deol\u2019s film Gadar 2 to be banned. Now it\u2019s our responsibility to hit. Shri Radhekrishna\" [...] Claim Review: Muslims file petition in Supreme Court seeking ban on Gadar-2", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) can only accomodate up to 64 candidates.", "evidence": "While the pre-2006 (M1) and post-2006 EVMs can accommodate up to a maximum of 64 candidates (including NOTA), the upgraded post-2006 EVMs (M3) can cater to 384 candidates. Hence, the claim stands FALSE.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Shark Tank India\u2019s Judge Vineeta Singh played the role of Raju\u2019s Mother in \u20183 Idiots\u2019 movie", "evidence": "Shark Tank India season 1 judge, Vineeta Singh, has continuously been juxtaposed with actress Amardeep Jha, as netizens find both somewhat similar in their appearance. Amardeep Jha has played Raju Rastogi\u2019s (Sharman Joshi) mother in famous movie 3 Idiots. Netizens started a meme fest where Vinita was replaced by actress in some photos. Vinita went a step ahead and moulds herself in actual character of Amardeep Jha in a video. The CEO of Sugar Cosmetics has dressed herself in a saree and got a bit makeover to look like Raju\u2019s mother of movie 3 Idiots. The video has been shared by Vineeta on her Twitter as a response to the viral meme comparing her with Raju\u2019s mother in 3 Idiots. [...] The videos begins with an employee noticing Vinita\u2019s meme on social media. He later goes to Vineeta and talk about approvals of budget. Vineeta, portrayed as Raju\u2019s mother, recreates 3 Idiots scene and says, \"Paise kya ped pe ugte hai? Tumhe pta hai bhindi barah rupay ki ho gayi hai or paneer to sone k daam pe bik raha hai.\" He then left her cabin completely baffled and went to his seat.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Congress Manifesto: \u201cWill withdraw the AFSPA, reduce army presence if voted\u201d.", "evidence": "With the country set to elect the 17th Lok Sabha, the Congress on Tuesday released its election manifesto which among other things promised a review of the AFSPA and reduction in the presence of Army and personnel of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) in Valley. The Congress Manifesto on Kashmir also said a review of both the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act and the Disturbed Areas Act would be carried out, and \"suitable changes will be made in the text of the laws\". \"Congress promises to review the deployment of armed forces, move more troops to the border to stop infiltration completely, reduce the presence of the Army and CAPFs in the Kashmir Valley, and entrust more responsibility to the J&K police for maintaining law and order,\" the party said in the manifesto released by Congress president Rahul Gandhi in New Delhi on Tuesday.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Union Minister of State for Home Affairs of India Kiren Rijiju has been re-elected as Member of Parliament from Arunachal Pradesh", "evidence": "Shri Rijiju was welcomed by Secretary Shri Srinivas Katikithala and other senior officials of the Ministry. Shri Rijiju is a Lok Sabha MP from Arunachal (West), Arunachal Pradesh. Born on 19th November 1971, Shri Rijiju has studied B.A., LLB from Delhi. This is the fourth term of Shri Rijiju as the member of parliament. He earlier served as the Cabinet Minister of Earth Sciences and Food Processing Industries in the Government of India since 2023 till June 2024. He also served as the Minister of State for Home Affairs from 2014 to 2019, Minister of State for Minority Affairs from 2019 to 2021, Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Sports and Youth Affairs from 2019 to 2021 and as the Law minister from 2021 to 2023. Shri Rijiju has keen interest in badminton, football and athletics. He has also participated in National games. Shri Rijiju has written many articles in the Newspapers and Magazine related to Social, Cultural and Political issues. He has special interests in strategic and security affairs. An active social worker since school days, Shri Rijiju led several social movements as a social worker and student leader. He has represented India in various social and cultural events held in many countries. He was adjudged as the best young parliamentarian by the media during 14th Lok Sabha.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Families of the deceased persons to be given an assistance of 4 lakh rupees, up from 2.5 lakh rupees.", "evidence": "Supporting relatives and carers at the end of a patient\u2019s life [...] Effective support can make a considerable difference to the relatives of people who are dying; helping to allay fears, reducing stress and anxiety, and minimising suffering in bereavement. Clear communication around practical considerations (death certificate, funeral arrangements, information around autopsy, etc) and psychosocial support (normalising grief, cultural and spiritual considerations) is key.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Contribution of 12% to EPF for new employees for 3 years by the government in sectors employing large number of people.", "evidence": "Union Budget 2018: Govt to pay 12% employer EPF contribution for 3 years for new workforce [...] The government will pay the employer\u2019s contribution of 12% of basic salary towards the retirement corpus of individuals in the Employees\u2019 Provident Fund (EPF) in the first three years of employment. [...] \"I am happy to announce that the Government will contribute 12% of the wages of the new employees in the EPF for all the sectors for next three years,\" finance minister Arun Jaitley said in his budget speech.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "S.M.S English Medium School in Karnataka designed a Social Studies question paper for 7th standard students, which exclusively asked questions related to Muslim and other communities, indicating bias against Hinduism", "evidence": "The allegation of prejudice in the Social Studies question paper at S.M.S English Medium School has been refuted by the school management. The first-month lessons covered topics on Christianity, Islam, crusades, the Mongols, and renaissance as per the prescribed syllabus. These topics were then included in the unit test for 7th standard students. Hence, the claim made in the post is MISLEADING.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "No organisation associated with Islam participated in the relief work during the Odisha train accident", "evidence": "Reliance Foundation on Monday announced a 10-point relief plan for the victims of the Odisha train accident, which led to the death of 275 people and injured around 1,000 of them. The foundation has also mobilised its disaster management team to aid the relief efforts. [...] The foundation's relief efforts in Odisha are being coordinated with the government and other agencies. The foundation is committed to providing all possible assistance to the affected people.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "atayu, a mythical bird from Ramayana, is found alive for first time in Kaliyug in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh", "evidence": "Video of a huge vulture surrounded by a group of people is being shared on social media claiming that Jatayu (a mythical bird) of Ramayana is found alive for the first time in Kaliyug and gave Darshan in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Visuals of a Hindu girl lying in a pool of blood after being murdered by her Muslim lover in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh", "evidence": "The prime accused in the case released a confession video of the crime and shared it from the girl's Instagram account on Friday, police said. In the confession video, the prime accused is heard saying, \"My name is Abhijeet Patidar and I along with a partner run a business in Patna. We both had an affair with the girl. She was continuously demanding money from my partner and took about \u20b912 lakh from my partner before fleeing to Jabalpur. My partner asked to kill the girl and I did so. We both are involved in the woman's murder.\" Police said the accused also uploaded a video of the girl lying in a pool of blood in the hotel room. However, he later deleted the video. Additional Superintendent of Police (ASP) Shivesh Baghel said, \"The preliminary investigation has revealed that the accused had booked a room on November 6 at Mekhla resort. Going by the CCTV footage of the resort, he stayed alone in his room that night. The next day, the girl came to meet him at the resort in the afternoon and they ordered something to eat. After about an hour, the youth left the hotel alone after locking his room.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "isuals of the people of Pakistan vandalising a mosque in Karachi for its iron and bricks", "evidence": "Vandals Attack Ahmadiyya Muslim Mosque in Karachi, Pakistan Vandals have desecrated two minarets of an Ahmadiyya Muslim Mosque in Karachi, Pakistan. Three thugs entered the Mosque on Martin Road in Karachi, climbed up using a ladder, and desecrated two of its minarets. The upper portion of the minaret has been smashed to bits.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "There were 83,000 common service centers pre 2014. This number has increased to 2.92 lakh post 2014.", "evidence": "\u2018Holistic development driving rural India\u2019 is an infographic published by the government on the 48-months portal. The infographic contains claims about sanitation, service centers and optical fiber connectivity. Here is a fact check of these claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "While Manmohan Singh spent Rs 12 crore per trip i.e. Rs 493 crore on 38 trips, Modi spent only Rs 10 crore per trip i.e. Rs 443 crore on 44 trips.", "evidence": "NEW DELHI: While Prime Minister Narendra Modi has often come under criticism for his frequent foreign tours, it transpires that his predecessor Manmohan Singh is not much behind, either in the number of trips or the expenses incurred on them. While Singh made 38 foreign trips during his second term (2009-14), incurring a total cost of approximately Rs 1,346 crore, Modi has so far undertaken 48 visits, costing nearly Rs 2,021 crore to the exchequer. The expenditure includes the cost of maintenance of the Prime Minister\u2019s aircraft and setting up a secure hotline. According to information provided by the Ministry of External affairs in Parliament, the maintenance of chartered aircraft meant to fly the PM on foreign trips comprises bulk of the expenditure. The total maintenance cost during UPA-II under Singh was about Rs 842 crore while during the current NDA rule it\u2019s about Rs 1,582 crore. The highest amount was probably spent on Modi\u2019s nine-day tour of France, Germany and Canada between April 9 and 17, 2015.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Prices of cardiac stents and knee implants reduced by 50 to 70%\u201d", "evidence": "The BJP government published an infographic on the 48-months portal that makes claims about affordable healthcare, specifically about essential medicines. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A young Dalit man named Lakhan\u2019s head was shaved, and he was assaulted by a mob in Uttar Pradesh\u2019s Meerut", "evidence": "A video is being shared on social media in which a mob is seen shaving a young man\u2019s head and later assaulting him. According to the post\u2019s description, his name is Lakhan, a Dalit, and the incident happened in Meerut. The later part of this post\u2019s description reads, \u2018wonder where are all those leaders who go for photo ops to eat in Dalits house now vanished ?\u2019 Let\u2019s fact-check this claim through this article. [...] Fact: According to the news reports, the incident did happen in Meerut. Some people in the Brahmpuri area assaulted a man named Lakhan Kumar. The police clarified that the assaulters and Lakhan both belong to the Dalit community and related to each other. Hence, the claim made in the post is Misleading. We performed a keyword search on the internet to know if such an incident as claimed in the post happened in Meerut involving a person named Lakhan. This search led us to news reports that contained the same video. According to TV 9 and Amar Ujala, a man named Lakhan Kumar was assaulted by the people of Mangat Puram Basti of the Brahmpuri police station area on allegations of molestation. These media reports did not mention the details regarding Lakhan\u2019s caste.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "A circular in the name of AICTE talks about scrapping the 75% attendance rule for the engineering course.", "evidence": "AICTE: \u2018Scrapping of 75 Per Cent Attendance Rule\u2019 Circular Is Fake. The circular which has become viral on Social Media is misleading and mischievous, said AICTE in a statement. NEW DELHI: All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) said averted the engineering students and teachers that a recent circular issued on AICTE letterhead regarding scrapping of 75% Attendance rule and introducing Vocational Projects as fake. The circular which has become viral on Social Media is misleading and mischievous, said AICTE in a statement. The council also said it has not issued any circular in this regard. \"Your attention in drawn to a fake circular issued on AICTE letterhead regarding scrapping of 75% Attendance rule and introducing Vocational Projects which has become viral on Social Media / Network. The Circular is misleading and mischievous,\" the statement said. AICTE is now planning to lodge a complaint against the fake circular in the Cyber Crime Cell of Delhi Police. The \u2018fake circular\u2019 in question which was addressed to \u2018all Directors/Principals of AICTE approved institutions\u2019 was named \u2018Scrapping of 75% Attendance Rule and introducing Vocational Projects\u2019. General Public is hereby notified that the circular issued by anonymous sources in the name of AICTE is fake and misleading. It is further informed that AICTE has got no connection whatsoecer with the said circular . pic.twitter.com/YOCHKqoXXR \u2013 AICTE (@AICTE_INDIA) January 20, 2018 [...] Click here to View / Dowload AICTE Circular \u2013 Fake Circular on Scrapping of 75% Attendance Rule and Introducing Vocational Projects", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The song \u201cMere Angane Mein\u201d was originally from a 19th-century movie called \u2018Miss Sheela\u2019 (1883)", "evidence": "A post circulating on social media claims that the popular Bollywood song \"Mere Angane Mein\" was originally from a 19th-century movie called \u2018Miss Sheela\u2019 (1883) and that Bollywood has been blatantly copying without giving credit to the original creator. Let\u2019s verify the claim made in the post. [...] Fact: There is no evidence of a movie by the name \"Miss Sheela\" released in 1883. Considering that the first Indian talkie film, \"Alam Ara,\" was released in 1931, and the patent for the gramophone was only granted in 1887, with the first-ever Indian recording taking place in 1902, it is highly implausible that a film called \u2018Miss Sheela\u2019 was released in 1883 with songs recorded on gramophone records. Furthermore, the song \"Mere Angane Mein,\" which has been featured in several Bollywood films, is actually a traditional folk song from Uttar Pradesh. Therefore, the claim made in the post is FALSE. [...] In conclusion, \"Mere Angane Mein\" was inspired by a traditional folk song, and there is no evidence to support the claim that it was copied from a purported 1883 film by the name \u2018Miss Sheela\u2019.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Acid attack victims have been included in the list of people considered as disabled.", "evidence": "The bill originally introduced by the UPA had 19 categories as mentioned in an answer in Lok Sabha. The current government amended the bill to include \u2018Dwarfism\u2019 & \u2018Acid attack victims\u2019 in the types of disabilities. [...] The third claim made by the government is that Acid attack victims have been included in the list of people considered as disabled. \u2018Acid attack victims\u2019 is defined as a person disfigured due to violent assaults by throwing of acid or similar corrosive substance in the Rights of persons with disabilities Act, 2016. Under the new Act, acid attack victims fall under the category of locomotor disability within the larger category of physical disability. [...] Fact: Under the new act, acid attack victims are considered physically disabled. Hence the claim is TRUE. It should also be noted that \u2018acid attack victims\u2019 as a category was not included in the original bill introduced by the UPA.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Concept design of car safety belt in 1960s that goes around the neck", "evidence": "In 1958 Volvo's efforts in creating an effective safety solution resulted in a patent application for Nils Bohlin's three-point safety belt. His design had four important properties: 1) The system consisted of a lap belt and a diagonal belt, 2) the belts were anchored at a low attachment point beside the seat, 3) the belt geometry formed a V shape with the point directed toward the floor and 4) the belt stayed in position and did not move in an impact. [...] Since the 1960s, Bohlin's three-point safety belt has saved many hundreds of thousands of lives and prevented or reduced the severity of injuries among many millions of others. This makes the three-point safety belt the single most important safety device in the car's 120-year history. [...] Since the 1960s, Volvo Cars has worked hard to increase belt usage. For instance, Nils Bohlin conducted a long presentation tour in the US introducing the three-point safety belt to convince the widest possible audience of its benefits.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Financial security of senior citizens with PM Vaya Vandana Yojana, gives 8% interest for 10 years. Investment limit doubled to 15 lakh rupees and scheme extended till 2020.", "evidence": "The fourth claim is that \u2018Financial security of senior citizens has been ensured with PM Vaya Vandana Yojana, that gives 8% interest for 10 years and investment limit doubled to Rs. [...] A document on the LIC website states that \u2018Government of India in the budget speech of 2018-19 has announced the enhancement of maximum limit under Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana to Rs. 15 lakhs per senior citizen. The period of sale for this scheme has also been extended up to 31st March, 2020\u2019. [...] Fact: Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY) provides an assured return of 8% per annum payable monthly for 10 years. The maximum limit under the scheme has been enhanced to 15 lakhs rupees per senior citizen and the period of sale for this scheme has been extended to 31st March, 2020. Hence, the claim is TRUE.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "World\u2019s biggest Anaconda snake which is 134 feet long and 2067 Kgs weight.", "evidence": "A series of low-resolution photos purportedly showing the \"world's largest anaconda\" have been circulating online since at least 2010: [...] The world's largest Anaconda was caught in Amazon forest. This snake had eaten 257 people & 2325 animals. It is 134 feet long and 2067 kg. This anaconda was caught alive by a long struggle after 37 days and killed by the Royal British commando force. [...] This claim contains several giveaways beyond the obviously manipulated photographs. Most obviously, a 134-foot-long snake is more than four times longer than the world's largest snake, the Green Anaconda, which (according to National Geographic) can reach a length of about 30 feet. Even Titanoboa, the enormous Cretaceous fossil discovered in 2012, topped out at under 50 feet.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Disinvestment crossed target of 72,500 crore rupees.", "evidence": "Budget guided by the mission to strengthen agriculture, rural development, health, education, employment, MSME, and infrastructure sectors. [...] Loans to Women Self Help Groups will increase to Rs.75,000 crore in 2019 from 42,500 crores last year. [...] - Disinvestment crossed target of Rs 72,500 crore to reach Rs 1,00,000 crore - Comprehensive Gold Policy on the anvil to develop yellow metal as an asset class.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "In an open letter written by Dr. Devi Shetty, he called on people to gather at the Governor\u2019s residence of each state with a petition to oppose the recently proposed health care service tax which he labels as a \u2018Misery tax\u2019", "evidence": "When I did a 100 heart operations in 1989, I knew it was possible to start a revolution in cardiac surgery: Dr Devi Shetty [...] Theatre of life: Dr Devi Shetty When Devi Shetty was just 14 years old, something remarkable happened in the world of medicine. Christiaan Barnard, a South African cardiac surgeon, performed the world\u2019s first human-to-human heart transplant operation, and the patient lived for 18 days. Shetty, who was studying in a school in Mangalore, Karnataka, was so awed by the development that he decided he would become a heart surgeon. That ambition was reinforced by the respect he saw in people\u2019s eyes for doctors in his town. \"They looked at doctors as if they were gods,\" he recalls.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "More than 6 lakh high risk pregnancies identified.", "evidence": "The BJP government has published an infographic on the 48- months portal that makes four claims about welfare & benefits to pregnant women. This article is a fact check of the claims.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "1000 scholarships per annum are available", "evidence": "ICAPP Scholarship ($1,000 per year) The Institute for Civics and Public Policy (ICAPP) Scholarship is awarded to students with a passion for civics, public policy or public service. ICAPP Scholars will have unique opportunities to pursue a variety of programs sponsored through the Institute for Civics and Public Policy at Ohio Northern University. Two students will be named ICAPP Scholars and awarded a renewable annual scholarship of $1,000. The deadline to apply is Feb. 29, 2024. TO APPLY - CLICK HERE!", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "In 2004, under the Manmohan government, there was no tax on income upto Rs. 50,000. In 2019, under the Modi government, there is no tax on income upto Rs. 5,00,000.", "evidence": "Under his tutelage, the tax system was rationalised. Many controls and regulations that saddled Indian business were scrapped and entrepreneurs found themselves empowered with new business freedoms. Productivity jumped and the industry grew in unprecedented leaps. Years later, India\u2019s industry captains still look to Singh with reverence and gratitude. And there is a general expectation that with the \"reformist\" back at the helm, India\u2019s economy will be in safe hands.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Agro based and thematic clusters for skilled manpower and economic opportunities are being identified", "evidence": "Agro-based clusters in developing countries: staying competitive in a globalized economy [...] Part II [751kb] 5. Agro-based clusters in Asia 6. Agro-based clusters in Africa 7. Conclusions and recommendations 8. Annexes 9. References and further reading \u00a9 FAO 2010", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Nepal bans all Indian TV channels except DD News", "evidence": "New Delhi: Nepal has banned all Indian news channels, except DD News, for alleged propaganda against the country. Reports say that Nepal cable operators have stopped getting signals of Indian news channels. [...] Earlier, Nepal has amended its map which shows some Indian territory as part of it.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Silver foil making process still involves animal products", "evidence": "HYDERABAD: The officials of the State Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) have now started to crack the whip on the process of making silver foil, used on sweets like Kaju kathli and other barfi sweets. [...] \"In Chetha Bazar at Charminar, a lot of silver foil is prepared using the traditional method, In this method, where the \u2018chandi-ka-warq\u2019 or the silver leaf is made by placing silver inside folded buffalo skin and hammering it until the desired thickness is arrived at,\" explained an FSSAI official. Though the traditional practice has been a long used method to make silver foil, recently, FSSAI issued guidelines opposing the mode of preparing the silver leaf. According to the latest guidelines, the silver leaf is not supposed to be prepared using any form of animal origin.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The share of GDP allocated for education (primary, secondary and tertiary) saw an increase from 3.29 per cent in 2004-2005 to 3.83 per cent in 2012-13.", "evidence": "Government spending on education has become a priority action globally to meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of free, equitable, and quality primary and secondary education for all. Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, governments in low and middle-income countries had increased education expenditures to approximately 4.45% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in conjunction with an increased share of education expenditures in overall government spending. Using panel data analysis, this chapter investigates the impact of education spending of 78 low and lower-middle income economies and 111 upper-middle and high-income countries on education outcomes at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of schooling. The study finds that despite additional channels of external funding such as Official Development Assistance loans, it is government spending across all levels of educational enrollments, primary, secondary, and tertiary, that has had a greater impact on education outcomes. We find that government spending on education as a share of GDP has contributed the most toward achieving global development goals. [...] A World Bank study [17] on how the Covid-19 pandemic has affected on education financing reports that due to larger populations in low- and middle-income countries, the share of GDP spent on education is insufficient to achieve the improved quality of education.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Former President Donald Trump \"intends to enact what, in effect, is a national sales tax ... that would raise prices on middle-class families by almost $4,000 a year.\"", "evidence": "CLAIM: Harris said Trump \"intends to enact what, in effect, is a national sales tax\u2014 call it a Trump tax \u2014 that would raise prices on middle-class families by almost $4,000 a year.\" - This figure comes from an estimate by the progressive Center for American Progress Action Fund, which calculated the cost of proposed tariffs on imported goods. The analysis is dense. The CAP Action Fund went through the goods the U.S. Census says we're projected to import in 2025, then calculated what the tariff on them would be and divided that by the number of American households. That figure was then adjusted for government estimates on how much middle-income households spend overall relative to other consumers. The left-leaning group projects this will hit lower- and middle-income households harder, since they spend a larger percentage of their income on goods than high-income households do. [...] \"At the end of the day this is all about the will of the people,\" Trump added. \"You must follow your heart or \u2014 in many cases \u2014 your religion, or your faith. Do what's right for your family. Do what's right for yourself. Do what's right for your children. Do what's right for our country and vote, so important to vote.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Former President Donald Trump is \u201cagainst mail in voting.\u201d", "evidence": "By \u2014 Nicholas Riccardi, Associated Press Nicholas Riccardi, Associated Press By \u2014 Margery A. Beck, Associated Press Margery A. Beck, Associated Press Leave your feedback Share Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/trump-changes-tone-on-mail-in-ballots-and-other-forms-of-early-voting Email Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Trump changes tone on mail-in ballots and other forms of early voting Politics May 17, 2024 5:40 PM EDT Marta Moehring voted the way she prefers in Nebraska\u2019s Republican primary Tuesday \u2014 in person, at her west Omaha polling place. She didn\u2019t even consider taking advantage of the state\u2019s no-excuse mail-in ballot process. In fact, she would prefer to do away with mail-in voting altogether. She\u2019s convinced fraudulent mailed ballots cost former President Donald Trump a second term in 2020. \"I don\u2019t trust it in general,\" Moehring, 62, said. \"I don\u2019t think they\u2019re counted correctly.\" WATCH: Why Trump\u2019s statements on mail-in ballots, election results are \u2018extremely problematic\u2019 But now Republican officials \u2014 even, sometimes, Trump \u2014 are encouraging voters such as Moehring to cast their ballots by mail.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cCandace Owens vows to have Taylor Swift banned from next NFL season.\u201d", "evidence": "This story originated on a self-described satire page.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThere is a direct connection between discriminatory policies within the USDA and the enormous land loss we have seen among Black farmers over the past century.\"", "evidence": "\"When it comes to farming and agriculture, we know that there is a direct connection between discriminatory practices within the USDA and the enormous land loss we have seen among Black farmers in the past century,\" said Sen. Cory Booker of New Jersey, the lead sponsor of the bill. He said the bill \"would enact reforms within the USDA to finally end discrimination within that agency, would protect the remaining Black farmers from losing their land, and would provide land grants to create a new generation of Black farmers and begin to restore the land base that has been lost by Black farmers due to outrageous discrimination over past decades.\" [...] \"The Justice for Black Farmers Act is the most ambitious legislative proposal ever developed to address historic and ongoing discrimination against Black farmers,\" said John Boyd, president of the National Black Farmers Association, and Scott Faber of the Environmental Working Group, two of the six dozen local and national groups that endorsed the bill. \"Black farmers have been systemically denied access to land, subsidies, loans, and other critical tools through government and private discrimination, and the institutional racism that has driven Black land loss is being reinforced through the USDA\u2019s broken policies.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"In the Wisconsin State Assembly this session, more than 75% of GOP bills received a public hearing. Meanwhile, the GOP allowed less than 2% of Democratic bills to have a hearing.\"", "evidence": "Cindy Axne stated on September 18, 2022 in a tweet \"I was named Iowa\u2019s most bipartisan member of Congress by @TheLugarCenter.\" Francesca Hong stated on May 18, 2022 in a tweet \"In the Wisconsin State Assembly this session, more than 75% of GOP bills received a public hearing. Wisconsin Initiative stated on February 23, 2022 in TV ad \"Gov. Tony Evers brought Republicans and Democrats together to cut income taxes for the middle class.\" Jon Erpenbach stated on December 12, 2021 in TV interview The push for high-speed internet for rural areas, from the start, \"was a Democratic thing.\" Joe Biden stated on October 4, 2021 in a speech \"Raising the debt limit is usually a bipartisan undertaking.\" Joni Ernst stated on October 15, 2020 in comments at a debate Says she is ranked \"one of the most bipartisan senators in the Senate in the last 25 years.\" [...] Francesca Hong stated on May 18, 2022 in a tweet \"In the Wisconsin State Assembly this session, more than 75% of GOP bills received a public hearing. [...] Sean Duffy stated on November 30, 2017 in an interview Says special counsel Robert Mueller \"has brought in Democrat campaign donors at a very high level\" on his team of lawyers.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cCaitlin Clark rejects $400 million deal from Nike\u201d saying \u201cnot with that Kaepernick clown.\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "In an unexpected move that has sent shockwaves through both the sports and business worlds, Caitlin Clark, one of the brightest stars in women\u2019s basketball, has turned down a $400 million endorsement deal from Nike. The reason for her rejection? Her disapproval of Nike\u2019s ongoing partnership with Colin Kaepernick, whom she referred to as \"that Kaepernick clown.\" This bold decision by Clark has ignited intense debate and highlighted the intersection of sports, politics, and personal values in the realm of athlete endorsements. [...] For Caitlin Clark, rejecting the $400 million deal is a bold statement that could have lasting implications for her career. Financially, the deal would have provided significant resources and security. However, Clark\u2019s decision underscores her commitment to her personal beliefs and public image. [...] Caitlin Clark\u2019s rejection of a $400 million deal from Nike, citing her disapproval of Colin Kaepernick, is a bold and unprecedented move in the world of sports endorsements. It highlights the complex interplay between personal values, professional opportunities, and public perception.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "California Assembly Bill 1955 \u201cwould allow schools to secretly, socially and perhaps medically transition your child without your knowledge and consent.\"", "evidence": "1. Understand the Core Provisions of AB 1955 - - Prohibits Parental Notification Policies: Bans school districts from adopting rules that would require informing parents of their child\u2019s gender identity/expression without the child\u2019s consent. [...] - What type of gender transition does AB 1955 cover? The bill focuses on \"social transition\" like name/pronoun changes, not medical procedures such as hormone therapy or gender reassignment surgery. [...] - Does AB 1955 require active parental consent for social transition? No, just that schools can\u2019t adopt policies that proactively inform parents without the student\u2019s permission.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\u201cCaitlin Clark has officially joined the Canadian women's Olympic team.\u201d", "evidence": "Caitlin Clark\u2019s early play in WNBA will be her tryout for a roster spot on US Olympic women\u2019s team SPRINGFIELD, Mass. (AP) \u2014 Caitlin Clark\u2019s early play in WNBA will serve as her tryout for a spot on the U.S. Olympic women\u2019s basketball team. [...] There were reports Clark potentially could\u2019ve been part of the 3x3 team. but Clark has said her focus is playing on the 5-on-5 team.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Cristiano Ronaldo was the only European soccer captain who did not wear a rainbow armband at Euro 2020.", "evidence": "Cristiano Ronaldo is refusing to wear the \"One Love\" armband, which advocates for the LGBTQ+ community, during the 2022 World Cup. The world-renowned soccer player, Cristiano Ronaldo, revealed in a press conference that he will not be participating in wearing the \"One Love\" armband. The armband consists of a heart with a rainbow inside of it and the number one. This \"One Love\" band is being used to advocate inclusivity, being that the 2022 World Cup is being held in Qatar, a country where same-sex relationships are illegal. [...] Players who wear the armband are threatened with receiving a yellow card, according to FIFA\u2019s regulations. This yellow card can result in a suspension from the games if the player were to receive another yellow card during the game. Obviously, any mention of social issues is discouraged on the field. Due to the consequences, none of the captains from any of the other national teams have worn the armband, but none have faced backlash like Ronaldo has.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The Trump administration \u201cachieved the lowest African American unemployment rate and the lowest African American poverty rate ever recorded.\u201d", "evidence": "Black poverty, unemployment set record lows on Trump\u2019s watch, and on Biden\u2019s, too [...] During a June 15 visit to Detroit, Trump said, \"We achieved the lowest African American unemployment rate and the lowest African American poverty rate ever recorded.\" [...] The Black poverty rate hit a record low during Trump\u2019s presidency in 2019 at 18.8%. The poverty rate has fallen further under Biden\u2019s presidency, hitting 17.1% in 2022, the last year for which data is available.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Crime statistics \u201cno longer include data from 30% of the country including the biggest and most violent cities.\u201d", "evidence": "In 2021, the FBI required police departments to report data using a new system. That year, data for about 65% of the U.S. population was covered in the FBI\u2019s annual report, rather than the typical 95%. However, as is standard FBI policy, the missing data was estimated using comparable jurisdictions. In 2022, the FBI\u2019s data coverage returned to 94% of the population, and the preliminary numbers for 2023 and 2024 signal that that level of police department participation should continue. The FBI data\u2019s trend lines have generally tracked the patterns in data compiled by other groups \u2014 groups that were not affected by the FBI\u2019s methodological switch.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals \u201cjust ruled Covid vax mandates unconstitutional.\u201d", "evidence": "US appeals court rejects CU\u2019s vaccine mandate, cites \u2018religious animus\u2019 by: Heather Willard [...] DENVER (KDVR) \u2014 A U.S. Court of Appeals ruled on May 7 that the University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine\u2018s COVID-19 vaccination mandate and refusal to include a religious exemption were unconstitutional under the First Amendment, according to court documents. [...] According to the appeals decision, the court found that the administration \"decided that \u2018it is \u2018morally acceptable\u2019 for Roman Catholics to take vaccines against COVID-19 and that any Roman Catholic objections to the COVID-19 vaccine are \u2018personal beliefs,\u2019 not \u2018religious beliefs.'\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\"Apple is \u2026 about to start charging us to use the FaceTime feature.\u201d", "evidence": "The truth is, FaceTime uses your device\u2019s internet connection, so as long as you\u2019re connected to Wi-Fi or have a sufficient data plan, there\u2019s no extra charge to use FaceTime. However, if you\u2019re using FaceTime over a cellular network, it will use your data allowance, which could result in additional charges depending on your phone plan. In this article, we\u2019ll go over how to use FaceTime and avoid any unexpected costs. [...] - Remember that international FaceTime calls do not incur additional charges beyond regular data usage. [...] In conclusion, using FaceTime on your iPhone doesn\u2019t have to cost you extra. With a bit of planning and awareness of your data usage, you can enjoy seamless video and audio calls with your loved ones at no additional charge. Remember to connect to Wi-Fi whenever possible, monitor your data usage, and check your data plan details to avoid any surprises on your phone bill.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Pittsburgh Steelers coach \u201cdirects team to not participate in pride month\u201d calling it \"woke crap\"", "evidence": "News Today, \"Breaki\u043fg: Steelers\u2019 Coach Tomli\u043f Directs Team To Not Participate In Pride Mo\u043fth, \"It\u2019s Woke Crap,\" archived June 13, 2024 [...] Esspots, \"Breaking: Steelers\u2019 Coach Tomlin Directs Team To Not Participate In Pride Month, \"It\u2019s Woke Crap\",\" archived June 13, 2024 [...] News, \"Breaking: Steelers\u2019 Coach Tomlin Directs Team To Not Participate In Pride Month, \"It\u2019s Woke Crap\",\" archived June 13, 2024", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\"Trump can\u2019t be on the Texas ballot because of our state constitution.\"", "evidence": "The U.S. Constitution, not any state\u2019s constitution, sets the qualifications to run for president. They are limited to natural-born citizenship, age (35 by Inauguration Day) and residency in the United States (14 years). Having a felony conviction does not bar Trump from running for president.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Fuddruckers is \u201cclosing ALL locations.\u201d", "evidence": "Fuddruckers isn\u2019t shuttering, the hamburger chain\u2019s CEO said. Other restaurants on a social media list have shut down or will close, however.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"The last administration oversaw the largest increase in murders ever recorded.\"", "evidence": "Biden left out important context when he said that the Trump administration \"oversaw the largest increase in murders ever recorded.\" The increase in the number of murders from 2019 to 2020 was the largest one-year increase since data was systematically recorded in the early 1960s, but this was largely beyond Trump\u2019s control; experts say the spike stemmed from a confluence of the coronavirus pandemic and the societal upheaval after George Floyd\u2019s murder that year.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Kansas City Chiefs said they refuse to participate in Pride Month because \u2018it\u2019s extremely woke.\u2019", "evidence": "As of June 10, the Kansas City Chiefs have not released any statements on social media or its website news page about Pride Month in June. The team\u2019s online shop sells Pride-themed merchandise. The website with the article making the claim contains numerous fake headlines. The story originated on a self-described satire site.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "HarperCollins \u201cremoved 64,575 words from the Bible.\u201d", "evidence": "On 11 July 2015, musician Erica Campbell shared a post on Facebook inferring a conspiracy by Harper Collins regarding the New International Version of the Bible. She claimed that 45 verses and 64,575 words had been removed from the New International Version Bible (NIV). [...] \"Holy Ghost\" is found 89 times in the KJV New Testament, while the NIV translates this as Holy Spirit. As for the word omnipotent (meaning all-powerful) found once in the KJV in Revelation 19:6, \"Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth.\" The NIV correctly translates this as, \"Hallelujah! For our Lord God Almighty reigns.\" Almighty is a synonym for omnipotent and is more easily understood in 21st century English. So the suggestion that 64,575 words had been removed from the New International Version Bible is simply incorrect.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Sen. Lindsey Graham said a newly elected Donald Trump \u201cwill round up and deport LEGAL immigrants.\u201d", "evidence": "Juneau County Wisconsin Republicans . stated on June 25, 2024 in Facebook post: \"Planes full of unvetted \u2018refugees\u2019 are being accepted at the Milw. & Madison airports!\" Robert F. Kennedy Jr. stated on June 27, 2024 in an X livestream: Border Patrol agents take migrants \"to the Yuma airport, put them on a plane to any destination they want. ... And they pay their ticket. And then they get reimbursement from FEMA.\" Donald Trump stated on June 6, 2024 in a campaign rally: Joe Biden\u2019s immigration order limiting asylum is \"pro-child trafficking.\" Donald Trump stated on May 31, 2024 in remarks to reporters: \"Congo, Africa, just released a lot of people, a lot of people from their prisons and jails and brought them into the United States of America.\" Marco Rubio stated on May 19, 2024 in an interview: The number of people in the U.S. illegally is \"upwards of 20, 25, maybe 30 million.\" Eric Swalwell stated on June 9, 2024 in a post on X: Says Sen. Lindsey Graham said a newly elected Donald Trump \"will round up and deport LEGAL immigrants.\" [...] Lindsey Graham stated on August 6, 2024 in an X post: Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz signed \"legislation giving free college \u2026 to illegal immigrants.\" [...] Eric Swalwell stated on June 9, 2024 in a post on X: Says Sen. Lindsey Graham said a newly elected Donald Trump \"will round up and deport LEGAL immigrants.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Audio of President Joe Biden\u2019s interview with Special Counsel Robert Hur leaked.", "evidence": "Audio of President Joe Biden\u2019s interview with Special Counsel Robert Hur has not been released by the Justice Department. One reason the Justice Department cited: fear it would be used to create deepfake. The Justice Department and Hur said the publicly released transcript matches the audio recording, except for minor changes like omitting pauses and duplicated words. A Justice Department spokesperson said the agency is confident a TikTok video that purportedly shows a leaked audio clip of the interview is fake. Three deepfake experts examined the video and told PolitiFact it is a deepfake.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cWage increases have exceeded\u201d the cost of inflation.", "evidence": "What Biden Said: \"Wage increases have exceeded what the cost of inflation\u2026\" The Facts: New data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics shows hourly wage growth topping inflation for the past 12 months. In April, nominal hourly earnings were up 3.9% from a year ago; inflation held at 3.4%. But cumulative inflation has outpaced wage growth for most of the Biden presidency.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cJames Woods leaves Hollywood to join Mel Gibson\u2019s new non-woke film studio.\u201d", "evidence": "On March 31, 2024, the Facebook page SpaceX Fanclub published a post with side-by-side images of Mel Gibson and Mark Wahlberg and a caption claiming the two actors had started a \"non-woke\" film production studio. [...] Breaking: Mel Gibson and Mark Wahlberg Join Hands to Create a Non-Woke Film Production Studio, \"Hollywood Is Saved\" In a bold move shaking up Hollywood, veteran actors Mel Gibson and Mark Wahlberg have teamed up to launch a new film production studio dedicated to preserving traditional storytelling and avoiding the pitfalls of woke culture. The announcement comes as a breath of fresh air for many in the industry who have grown weary of the pervasive influence of political correctness and social activism in filmmaking.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cKyle Rittenhouse\u2019s mom is 38.\u201d", "evidence": "Kyle Rittenhouse\u2019s mother, Wendy Rittenhouse, is 49, not 38.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cElon Musk sues The View and Whoopi Goldberg for $60 million.\u201d", "evidence": "Latest Fact-checksWhoopi Goldberg Facebook posts stated on May 25, 2024 in a Facebook post: \"Elon Musk sues The View and Whoopi Goldberg for $60 million.\" Facebook posts stated on August 5, 2023 in a Facebook post: Country singer Jason Aldean sued \"The View\" co-host Whoopi Goldberg. Viral image stated on August 26, 2020 in a Facebook post: Photo shows Whoopi Goldberg wearing a shirt insulting Donald Trump. Viral image stated on July 22, 2019 in a Facebook post: Says Whoopi Goldberg kept her job and was applauded by ABC after calling Jeanine Pirro a racist slur. Facebook posts stated on May 25, 2024 in a Facebook post: \"Elon Musk sues The View and Whoopi Goldberg for $60 million.\" Facebook posts stated on August 5, 2023 in a Facebook post: Country singer Jason Aldean sued \"The View\" co-host Whoopi Goldberg. Viral image stated on August 26, 2020 in a Facebook post: Photo shows Whoopi Goldberg wearing a shirt insulting Donald Trump. Viral image stated on July 22, 2019 in a Facebook post: Says Whoopi Goldberg kept her job and was applauded by ABC after calling Jeanine Pirro a racist slur. Facebook posts stated on May 25, 2024 in a Facebook post: \"Elon Musk sues The View and Whoopi Goldberg for $60 million.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Joe Biden wants \u201cto quadruple your taxes.\u201d", "evidence": "Trump said Biden \"wants to quadruple your taxes.\" Not even close, according to both Biden himself and independent analyses.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Donald Trump wants to terminate the Affordable Care Act.", "evidence": "Over the weekend, Donald Trump renewed calls to \"terminate\" the Affordable Care Act (ACA), claiming his administration\u2019s failure to repeal the ACA was \"a low point for the Republican party.\" The news comes as the ACA covers more Americans than ever before, with President Biden and Democrats in Congress lowering costs and making enrollment easier. The Trump-MAGA agenda of repealing the ACA is rejected by the American people, costing Republicans at the ballot box repeatedly, and unpopular among voters of all parties. [...] Semafor: Trump Says He Still Wants To Repeal Obamacare. GOP Senators Say Not So Fast. \"Republican Senators are reacting cautiously after Donald Trump said over the weekend that he might try to repeal the Affordable Care Act if he returns to the White House, with some suggesting another push to fully scrap the health law was unlikely\u2026 it\u2019s unclear how much appetite exists among Republicans to try and fulfill a campaign promise that animated their party a decade ago. Sen. J.D. Vance of Ohio, a Trump ally in the Senate, said key planks of Obamacare are \"broadly popular\" with the American public including Republicans, such as rules barring insurers from denying coverage to individuals with pre-existing conditions or charging sick people more for healthcare.\" [Semafor, 11/27/23]", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWalmart has announced starting June 3rd all locations in the U.S. will go back to 24hrs.\u201d", "evidence": "Fact check: Walmart has no plans for immediate return to 24-hour operations [...] \"Great news for late night shoplifters. 24 hour Walmart starts back August 14,2022,\" read an Aug. 9 Facebook post that was shared more than 3,000 times in less than two days. [...] - Charles Crowson, Aug. 11, Email to USA TODAY - Walmart, accessed Aug. 11, COVID-19 FAQs - Walmart, July 29, Tweet - KCEN-TV, Nov. 22, 2021, Walmart, H-E-B may not return to 24-hour service any time soon - USA TODAY, June 1, 2021, Walmart to increase hours Saturday with stores opening at 6 a.m.; senior hours to continue - USA TODAY, Nov. 13, 2020, Walmart extends store hours after cutting them amid COVID-19, weekly senior hour continues - USA TODAY, Aug. 14, 2020, Walmart increases store hours after cutting them in March amid COVID-19; weekly senior hour continues - Walmart, March 18, 2020, Latest Walmart Store Changes to Support Associates and Customers - USA TODAY, March 14, 2020, Walmart cuts hours at 24-hour stores and other locations nationwide starting Sunday due to coronavirus - Walmart, March 10, 2020, The Latest on Walmart's Response to the Coronavirus", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "When Secretary of State Antony Blinken was in Ukraine recently \"he announced that they were going to suspend elections in Ukraine.\"", "evidence": "Secretary of State Antony Blinken related the Biden administration's support for Ukraine during an unannounced visit to the country on Wednesday, his fourth trip to the country since Russia's invasion, the State Department confirmed. [...] \"Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken arrived in Ukraine today to meet with senior Ukrainian officials and demonstrate the United States' unwavering commitment to Ukraine's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and democracy, especially in the face of Russia's aggression,\" State Department spokesperson Mathew Miller said in a statement. [...] Blinken previously visited Ukraine in April 2022, when he traveled to Kyiv with Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin and in September 2022, when he again stopped in Kyiv for meetings and toured Irpin in the Bucha district.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cViolent crime is near a record 50-year low.\u201d", "evidence": "President Joe Biden credited police officers for the nation\u2019s declining crime rate at a ceremony honoring fallen law enforcement members on May 15. [...] \"It\u2019s no accident that violent crime is near a record 50-year low \u2013 a 50-year low. It\u2019s because of extraordinary efforts by all of you in your communities, together with historic steps taken to support you \u2013 to stop the flow of illegal guns, to hold gun traffickers accountable for crimes. It matters, and it matters a lot,\" Biden said. According to data released by the FBI in March, violent crime decreased 6% in 2023 from the year before, with murder down 13% and property crime showing a decrease of 4%. It was the second year in a row that the overall crime rate has gone down.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cElon Musk Fires Entire Cast of \u201cThe View \u201d After Acquiring ABC.\u201d", "evidence": "Musk\u2019s acquisition of ABC leads to shock waves as entire cast of \"The View\" gets fired.In a move that has stunned the world of television, Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, has acquired ABC and promptly fired the entire cast of the long-running talk show, \"The View.\"Sources close to Musk say that he was \"fed up\" with the show\u2019s constant negativity and lack of innovation, and decided to take matters into his own hands.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "NFL referees \u201cflex their authority, eject five players\u201d for kneeling during the national anthem.", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did NFL Referee Eject Players For Kneeling During National Anthem? A post shared on social media purports that a NFL referee ejected five players for kneeling during the National Anthem. [...] The caption reads, \"Anthem Kneeling in the NFL: Referees Flex Their Authority, Eject Five Players. The League Sends a Clear Message! Read More in the Comments.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Bird flu in the U.S. is a \"scamdemic\" timed to coincide with the 2024 presidential elections \u201cby design.\u201d", "evidence": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, \"Highlights in the History of Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Timeline \u2013 2020-2024,\" April 4, 2024 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, \"H5N1 Bird Flu Detections across the United States (Backyard and Commercial),\" April 10, 2024 [...] The Associated Press, \"What to know about the latest bird flu outbreak in the US,\" April 3, 2024", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cU.S. Olympic committee says Lia Thomas is welcome to try out for the men\u2019s team.\u201d", "evidence": "Trans Swimmer Lia Thomas Aims for 2024 U.S. Olympic Team Trials Transgender University of Pennsylvania swimmer Lia Thomas says she hopes to swim in the U.S. Olympic Team Trials despite controversy around her success. \"I intend to keep swimming,\" Thomas said in an interview broadcast Tuesday on Good Morning America. \"It\u2019s been a goal of mine to swim at Olympic trials for a very long time, and I would love to see that through.\" Thomas, who won gold in the 500-yard freestyle at the Women\u2019s NCAA Swimming & Diving Championships in March, has been at the heart of a heated public debate about trans athletes in sport, with some (including 16 of her Penn teammates) arguing she should not be allowed to compete in women\u2019s sports. Thomas competed on Penn\u2019s men\u2019s swim team for four years before taking part in the female NCAA championships in 2022. After graduating from Penn in May, Thomas says she plans to attend law school as well as hopefully swimming in the 2024 U.S. Olympic Team Trials. \"Trans women are not a threat to women's sports,\" she added.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cDr. Sebi\u2019s daughter was sentenced to 155 years in prison for revealing top secret health hacks.\u201d", "evidence": "No, Dr. Sebi\u2019s daughter wasn\u2019t sentenced to prison for \u2018revealing top secret health hacks\u2019 [...] Other Facebook posts now claim that \"Dr. Sebi\u2019s daughter was SENTENCED to 155 years in prison for revealing TOP SECRET health hacks.\" [...] This post and the post about Sebi\u2019s cousin supposedly being \"life in prison\" for revealing \"gatekept health secrets\" seem to follow a formula. Yet another post PolitiFact fact-checked claimed that the cousin of Barbara O\u2019Neill, a former Australian naturopath, was \"sentenced to life in prison for revealing \u2026 gatekept health secrets.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Tariffs are a \u201cdirect, regressive tax on Americans\u201d and President Joe Biden\u2019s new tariffs on Chinese goods will \u201chit every family.\u201d", "evidence": "\"Tariffs are a direct, regressive tax on Americans, and this tax increase will hit every family,\" Polis wrote as he reshared Biden\u2019s post. Experts say the tariffs could amount to a tax increase on many Americans. But they add that the notion that \"every\" American family will be hit is likely exaggerated. [...] \"The consensus has not changed: Tariffs are regressive, in that the people with lowest means will be paying the most when a tariff is placed on a good,\" said Ross E. Burkhart, a Boise State University political scientist who specializes in trade policy.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. called voter ID \u201cracist,\u201d calls NRA a \u201cterrorist organization\u201d and supports affirmative action.", "evidence": "In 2008, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. co-authored a comic book that called voter identification \"racially rancid.\" In a 2008 interview, he said a lot of Americans don\u2019t have a driver\u2019s license, including Black people. But the independent presidential candidate has talked about voter ID differently during his current campaign. After the 2018 mass shooting in Parkland, Florida, Kennedy called the National Rifle Association a \"terror group.\" However in 2023, he said on Fox News \"I don\u2019t consider the NRA a terror group.\" Kennedy made statements supporting affirmative action after a 2023 Supreme Court ruling striking down affirmative action in college admissions.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Former President Donald Trump \u201chas the worst record of job loss of any president.\u201d", "evidence": "Donald Trump is the first president in almost a century to see employment decline nationally between his first and last days in office. Experts widely agree that the president during the Great Depression, Herbert Hoover, also saw jobs lost on his watch, and earlier presidents who served before standardized employment data was collected likely did, too. Economists say the coronavirus pandemic \u2014 the primary reason for the employment decline under Trump \u2014 was so unusual that it merits an asterisk to his record.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"Trump bailed out Wall Street, but not Main Street.\"", "evidence": "DAVID WESSEL, The Wall Street Journal: Most Americans think, and with good reason, that Wall Street got bailed out and Main Street didn't. We have very high unemployment. We lost 8.5 million jobs in the recession. People's houses aren't worth what they paid for them. A lot of them don't have jobs. Their kids are graduating from college and are moving back in. [...] And there are whole subdivisions like this, by the way, that are just lost in this great morass. And so it affects Main Street because Wall Street was too greedy. The greed of Wall Street broke Main Street. [...] NEWSCASTER: There's news today of a federal bail-out for a Wall Street investment firm\u2014", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Says gubernatorial candidate Rebecca Kleefisch \u201cworked with Scott Walker to sign five abortion restrictions into law that took away services and threatened doctors with prison time for providing safe and legal abortions.\u201d", "evidence": "Former Gov. Scott Walker signed a number of abortion restrictions while in office that former Lt. Gov. Rebecca Kleefisch, now running for governor, supported. They include a ban on abortions after 20 weeks, limits on medication abortions, prohibiting the procedure from being covered through the health care exchange, requiring providers to have hospital admitting privileges and preventing providers from getting money from state family planning grants. The abortion ban after 20 weeks carried with it a punishment of up to 3.5 years in prison for a provider who performed the procedure after that timeframe. Although Walker, not Kleefisch, pushed these restrictions through, she has long been a pro-life candidate, and pro-life groups gave her credit for some of them.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Your state will send you free infant formula if you call Enfamil and Similac customer service numbers.", "evidence": "The claim: States will send free baby formula to those who call Similac or Enfamil\u2019s customer service [...] \"Due to the shortage of formula if you call enfamil or similac they will notify the state you can\u2019t find any for your child and the state will send you a 6 pack of 12 Oz cans to your address ! For free!!\" reads a May 16 Facebook post that was shared more than 21,000 times in one day. [...] The phone numbers listed in the post are real, but the claim is not. Calling will give long hold times but no free formula.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Derek Chauvin had his left hand in his pocket while kneeling on George Floyd.", "evidence": "That image is not of the officer who was pinning George Floyd to the ground, killing him slowly and brutally. That image is wretched and causes shivers to run down my spine. But I\u2019ve never killed a person. I am not overtly racist. Insert all the comments here about having black friends, black teammates, black members of the congregation that I pastor who I love deeply and appreciate greatly. I would never find myself in the same position as Derek Chauvin, the officer kneeling on George Floyd\u2019s neck, hands in his pocket, casually looking at the camera. No, the haunting image I cannot get out of my mind, the one I wept as I watched the video and saw myself in, is that of the second police officer. Standing nearby. Rarely looking at George Floyd and Derek Chauvrin. Scanning back and forth, up and down the street. Telling the onlookers that it isn\u2019t that bad. That George Floyd is fine. As I watched the video, I found myself pleading with that man to run over and push Derek Chauvin off of George Floyd. I was vocally begging him to do something. To go stop what was happening. [...] The time has long since come; action is required. In the same way I longed for that second office to push Derek Chauvin off George Floyd, it will take action to to overturn the systems that have their knee on the neck of those around us. That requires all of us.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"Since the mid-'90s, this country has been governed by revolving continuing resolution and omnibus spending bill(s). \u2026 That is the reason we're $33 trillion in debt.\"", "evidence": "For the better part of three decades, lawmakers have been unable to use 12 \"regular order\" appropriations bills to enact federal spending. Instead, Congress has lurched regularly from temporary bills to massive \"omnibus\" measures. In congressional terminology, a \"continuing resolution\" refers to a short-term spending bill at existing funding levels. An \"omnibus spending bill\" is one that extends most or all of government funding, rather than being passed in 12 separate bills that each cover a limited range of federal departments. Blaming the nation\u2019s debt on the lack of following standard appropriations procedures is an exaggeration. Only about one-quarter of federal spending is approved through the annual appropriations process; about three-quarters of spending runs on autopilot, including entitlements and interest payments.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Poll watchers in Philadelphia prevented from entering polling places.", "evidence": "A poll watcher was denied access to one polling site in Philadelphia because the person in charge of that particular polling place was not up to date on the law, which allows watchers to enter any site, not just the ward and division site specified on the watcher\u2019s certificate, said a spokesperson for Philadelphia City Commissioners. The spokesperson also said that the same poll watcher went to another site and was allowed to go in, and there is \"no evidence that it was a systemic problem.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cFor African American families in particular, the homeownership rate remains relatively unchanged since 1968, the year the Fair Housing Act was signed into law.\u201d", "evidence": "Sen. Tim Scott said Black homeownership has been static since 1968 housing law. He\u2019s right. [...] \"For African American families in particular, the homeownership rate remains relatively unchanged since 1968, the year the Fair Housing Act was signed into law,\" the Republican said in an April 11 press release from the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs. [...] We looked at statistics from the U.S. Census Bureau and other government agencies and found they show that Scott is spot-on about Black homeownership rates; they have barely budged since 1968. Scott\u2019s spokesperson said the senator reached his conclusion using the same statistics that we did.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cPrivate insurance gives \u2026 better coverage\u201d than people would get under a Medicaid expansion.", "evidence": "As of summer 2018, 17 states have chosen not to expand Medicaid. However, some are considering placing a portion of or all newly eligible individuals into private insurance. Even some expansion states are considering similar changes, arguing that private plans may produce better quality at a lower cost to the state. Yet, numerous studies comparing the effects of Medicaid versus private coverage have been confounded by selection bias: people who are able to access private insurance differ from those who qualify for Medicaid in observable and unobservable ways. So there remains little evidence on how public and private coverage compare in their effects on low-income adults. [...] It is plausible that private insurance\u2013with broader provider networks, higher reimbursement, and market-based competition\u2013may produce better outcomes than Medicaid. Alternatively, Medicaid may be uniquely designed to provide appropriate health care to low-income adults, who differ in significant ways from the customers typically served by commercial plans. This analysis seeks to shed light on the value of Medicaid versus other coverage types, with important implications for state expansion approaches, as well as the debate over whether to include a public option in the ACA Marketplaces. In an article recently published in JAMA Network Open, Heidi Allen, Sarah H. Gordon, Dennis Lee, Aditi Bhanja and Benjamin D. Sommers use data from Colorado to compare individuals with similar incomes across coverage types, highlighting the key differences between Medicaid and Marketplace insurance.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\"Our Supreme Court has never taken away a constitutional right.\"", "evidence": "Constitutional law scholars say that it\u2019s uncommon, but not entirely unprecedented, for the U.S. Supreme Court to take away a constitutional right. In the 1930s, for example, the court repudiated a 1905 decision to protect \"right of contract\" under the 14th Amendment\u2019s due process clause, which essentially allowed employers and employees to set their own terms of employment and previously led the court to strike down laws setting minimum wage, maximum hours and working conditions. In 1990, a Supreme Court decision reversed an earlier decision that had acknowledged the right to religious exemptions to \"generally applicable\" laws under the First Amendment\u2019s Free Exercise Clause.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Nikki Haley \u201csays the retirement age at 65 is way too low, it must be much higher.\u201d", "evidence": "\"Nikki says the retirement age at 65 is way too low, it must be much higher,\" Trump said of his former U.N. ambassador. [...] This is missing context. When Haley said the federal retirement age of 65 was \"way too low\" she wasn\u2019t talking about current Social Security beneficiaries or people who are close to retiring. She would propose raising the retirement age for younger people, in line with longer life expectancy. [...] Bloomberg Television, Haley Says 65 Is 'Way Too Low' for Retirement Age, Aug. 24, 2023", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Says Donald Trump said \u201cgood\u201d during the final presidential debate in reference to families being separated at the border.", "evidence": "President Donald Trump said \"go ahead\" to moderator Kristen Welker, who was trying to change the subject.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cLego donates model MRI kits to hospitals to help children understand the procedure and reduce their anxiety.\u201d", "evidence": "A Lego employee and physicians at a Danish hospital first developed a Lego model of a magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, machine, in 2015 to help children understand the procedure and feel comfortable before their exams. [...] An Oct. 8 Instagram post shared a photo of the Lego MRI scanner and said, \"Lego donates model MRI kits to hospitals to help children understand the procedure and reduce their anxiety.\" [...] The Lego Foundation, which owns 25% of the Lego Group, said in 2022 that it would expand the project by donating 600 MRI models to hospitals with existing pediatric MRI scanning facilities. Lego also developed training videos that show physicians how to incorporate the model in their interactions with children and their families.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The Electronic Registration Information Center is \u201ca system that\u2019s funded by George Soros.\u201d", "evidence": "In 2012, seven states formed the Electronic Registration Information Center, or ERIC. The partnership, which now includes 33 states, shares voter registration data in an effort to clear the voter rolls of people who have moved or died. ERIC was launched with start-up money from the nonpartisan Pew Charitable Trusts, but is now funded by member states. An organization connected to George Soros gave money to Pew between 2009 and 2011, but it was earmarked for a separate project.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "New York state \u201chospitals reporting thousands of fungus lung infections due to wearing a mask!!\u201d", "evidence": "New York hospitals didn\u2019t report this. There\u2019s no evidence wearing a face mask properly causes fungal lung infections.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThis month alone, more than 16,000 non-citizens have been removed from the voter rolls in 3 states.\u201d", "evidence": "Cases of noncitizens voting are statistically rare. Some noncitizens accidentally end up on voter rolls when applying for driver\u2019s licenses. States and counties have safeguards to check for voter eligibility. [...] In Colorado, ahead of the 2022 midterm election, the secretary of state\u2019s office mistakenly sent postcards to about 30,000 noncitizens who had driver\u2019s licenses encouraging them to register to vote. The office sent a second postcard notifying these noncitizens about the error and worked with county clerks to ensure the ineligible voters did not register. [...] Voting by noncitizens carries high risks that include deportation or incarceration.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz signed a bill \u201credefining \u2018sexual orientation\u2019 to include pedophiles.\u201d", "evidence": "The claim: New Minnesota bill would protect pedophiles as a sexual orientation [...] The bill wouldn't protect pedophiles as a \"sexual orientation.\" Rather, it removed language from the law that linked pedophilia and sexual orientation. An amendment added on April 26 \u2013 two days before this post \u2013 directly says the physical and sexual attraction to children isn't protected by the bill. [...] \"The bill updates outdated language that incorrectly ties pedophilia to a person's sexual orientation,\" Finke said in an email. \"Nothing in the bill changes or weakens any crimes against children, or the state's ability to prosecute those who break the law. Of course, pedophilia is not a sexual orientation \u2013 which is why the language never should have been included in the statutory definition in the first place.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says he is the \u2018ranking member\u2019 of the House select committee investigating the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol.", "evidence": "Jan. 6 Committee has requested cooperation from three additional members of the House of Representatives to provide information for the committee\u2019s investigation into the January 6th attack on the U.S. Capitol and its causes. Letters to the three House members: [...] Congressman Adam Kinzinger (IL-16) will serve on the Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the U.S. Capitol. Kinzinger press release accepting Pelosi's invitation to serve on the Committee. TEXT Pelosi Names Members to Select Committee to Investigate January 6th Attack on the U.S. Capitol:", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Waiting periods for gun purchases may not make a difference, because \"If somebody's decided that they're gonna take their life, they're gonna take their life.\"", "evidence": "Experts say suicide deaths can be unpredictable, but are preventable. Research has found that most attempters act on impulse, but once the acute feelings ease, the vast majority do not go on to die by suicide. Recent studies have also shown a link between 48-hour waiting periods to purchase guns and suicide deaths by firearm. Though further research may be needed, many have found that such waiting periods have at least a moderate effect on reducing those deaths.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Republicans are \u201ctrying to create a fake unemployment crisis.\u201d", "evidence": "The federal fiscal burden threatens the security, liberty, and independence of our nation. The current Administration's refusal to work with Republicans took our national debt from $10 trillion to nearly $19 trillion today. Left unchecked, it will hit $30 trillion by 2026. At the same time, the Administration's policies systematically crippled economic growth and job creation, driving up government costs and driving down revenues. When Congressional Republicans tried to reverse course, the Administration manufactured fiscal crises \u2014 phony government shutdowns \u2014 to demand excessive spending. The Administration's demands have focused on significantly expanding government spending and benefits for its preferred groups, paid for through loans that our children and grandchildren will have to pay. This is the path to bankrupting the next generation.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Gaza has \u201cthe highest number of people facing catastrophic hunger ever recorded by the Integrated Food Security Classification system \u2014 anywhere, anytime.\u201d", "evidence": "On 18 March 2024, a UN-backed report sounded the alarm. It stated that the entire population of Gaza was short of food and predicted that famine would arrive in the north sometime between mid-March and May 2024. United Nations Secretary-General Ant\u00f3nio Guterres said: \"1.1 million people in Gaza are facing catastrophic hunger \u2013 the highest number of people ever recorded, anywhere, anytime.\" [...] In 2004, the UN devised a system for monitoring food insecurity in populations. The system is called the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, or IPC for short. [...] While this process is going on, famine-like conditions may already be afflicting parts of the country. The IPC report on Gaza published in March 2024 estimated that at least 1 in 8 children were acutely malnourished.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Says a 2010 Rockefeller Foundation report shows the COVID-19 pandemic and the international response were \u201cmeticulously planned at least 10 years ago.\u201d", "evidence": "Since 2020 The Rockefeller Foundation has championed a comprehensive Covid-19 national response and recovery plan, focusing our efforts on providing evidence-based information and equitable access to life-saving tools. [...] The Rockefeller Foundation and its partners supported schools efforts to reopen safely amid the pandemic by creating peer networks,developing tools and guidance, and gathering and sharing expert advice to help schools stand up and manage Covid-19 testing programs for students, teachers, and staff. -", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cAntifa is warning that tonight they're moving out of the cities - and into residential areas to 'take what's ours.'\u201d", "evidence": "Seven things you need to know about Antifa [...] Some Antifa groups date the origins of their movement to fights against European fascists in the 1920s and 1930s. Mark Bray, author of Antifa: The Anti-Fascist Handbook, says the modern American Antifa movement began in the 1980s with a group called Anti-Racist Action. Its members confronted neo-Nazi skinheads at punk gigs in the American Midwest and elsewhere. By the early 2000s the Antifa movement was mostly dormant - until the rise of Donald Trump and the alt-right. [...] Like other protest movements dating back to Cold War era West German anarchists, Antifa supporters will often dress all in black, sometimes covering their faces with masks or helmets so they can\u2019t be identified by opposing groups or the police. It's an intimidating tactic \u2013 known as a \"black bloc\" \u2013 which also allows them to move together as one anonymous group. There are also offshoots - one Antifa group in Oregon said they also have a \"snack bloc\" of people who provide food and water for their allies during protests.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Judge Jeff Davis \"spent years defending a convicted cop killer\" and \"tried to get him off the hook.\"", "evidence": "Davis, the incumbent, represented a Florida man convicted in the murder of a corrections officer for 21 years before the man was executed in 2013. The ad exaggerates the nature of the case and Davis\u2019s goal, however. He was seeking to get the death penalty reduced to life in prison. And the ominous narration in the ad implies there is something nefarious in the act of representing a client, a standard part of the American judicial system.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez \u201csays that all young people want to be socialists.\u201d", "evidence": "Ocasio-Cortez, a 28-year-old self-styled champion of the working class who, as the ad shows, can effortlessly change from flats to high heels on an elevated subway train platform, scored a stunning upset victory that not only shocked America but also might signal a new direction for the Democratic Party. It is clear that the movement started by Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) in 2016 had found new life in very un-bro-like fashion. \"I think so many young people are completely disillusioned with mainstream politics and the two-party system, and democratic socialism is something that seems to speak to their concerns and interests,\" said Marisol LeBr\u00f3n, a Latino studies scholar who grew up in Parkchester \u2014 the same Bronx area Ocasio-Cortez is from \u2014 and identifies as queer and Nuyorican. \"The fact that she is a young woman of color helped her connect with young people around the country who identify as progressive or left and are trying to think through party politics in this increasingly repressive moment.\" [...] To this potent stew, Ocasio-Cortez added a Sanders-like appraisal of what ails the American Dream, offering solutions that hew to the \"s\"-word strategies of a group with which she openly identifies, the Democratic Socialists of America. That same \"socialism\" that the center and right often identify with pretentious European thinkers and student-debt-saddled millennials turns out to be a viable approach to the problems of people of color who are segregated out of opportunity for high-quality education, affordable housing and the accumulation of generational wealth.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The coronavirus has seen a \u201cbig surge in New Zealand. It's terrible. We don't want that.\"", "evidence": "New Zealand reported nine new cases on Aug. 17, the day of Trump\u2019s remark. The nation previously went over 100 days without an instance of community spread. The U.S. leads the world in cumulative COVID-19 cases and deaths and has reported more than 50,000 new cases per day for most of August and July.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Bath and Body Works products are not recommended during pregnancy because they are suspected of \u201cdamaging fertility or the unborn child.\u201d", "evidence": "Did you know that Bath & Body works products are actually not recommended to use while pregnant? Yeah, neither did I because I never thought to read their safety data sheets. Like oh, if it\u2019s on the shelves it must be OK for the human body, right? No. Not right. Straight from their safety data sheet it reads and I quote, \"suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child\" and, \"may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.\" I\u2019m sorry, come again??? The products that have been US glorified FOR YEARS because \"they smell good\" or, \"they have the best candles\" have a warning label that use could harm an unborn child, a woman\u2019s hormones AND their organs? And once again I\u2019m reminded that the world doesn\u2019t keep spinning and generate revenue if you and I are healthy. #isaidwhatisaid", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Members of the US Women\u2019s National Soccer team turned their backs on the flag as a 98-year-old World War II veteran played the anthem.", "evidence": "U.S. Women\u2019s National Team head coach Jill Ellis has named the 23 players who will represent the United States in France this summer. [...] DEFENDERS (7): Abby Dahlkemper* (NC Courage), Tierna Davidson* (Chicago Red Stars), Crystal Dunn* (NC Courage), Ali Krieger*** (Orlando Pride), Kelley O\u2019Hara*** (Utah Royals FC), Becky Sauerbrunn*** (Utah Royals FC), Emily Sonnett* (Portland Thorns FC) [...] Fans can follow all the upcoming WNT matches on @uswnt (Twitter, Instagram) and U.S. Soccer on Facebook.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe CBO says (the Build Back Better Act) is $3 trillion of deficit spending.\u201d", "evidence": "Here\u2019s Why Senator Manchin Won\u2019t Support the Build Back Better Act On Sunday, ALEC alumni and US Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia announced his opposition to the Build Back Better Act. For many taxpayers weary of reckless federal spending, surging inflation and looming tax hikes, this was seen as an early Christmas gift. [...] Earlier this month, at the request of Senator Lindsay Graham and Congressman Jason Smith, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released a second score for the Build Back Better Act. This time, the bill was scored over a ten-year period, revealing a major budget deficit increase of $3 trillion. Contrary to some claims, the Build Back Better Act is not fully paid for.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "A person\u2019s immune system \u201ctanks\u201d after their second COVID-19 vaccine dose.", "evidence": "The benefits of prime-boosting with COVID-19 vaccines were initially seen in clinical trials. Early studies of the currently approved COVID-19 vaccines compared the immune responses in people who received one or two vaccine doses. Results showed that after the second dose, people had higher amounts of antibodies to fight the virus, indicating that taking more than one dose would probably increase vaccine effectiveness. [...] The scientists investigated the antibody responses of 250 people vaccinated with the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine against five variants of the coronavirus, including the original \"wild type\" that spread in early 2020 as well as the alpha and delta variants and several other forms. After the first and second dose, the researchers looked to see whether people had antibodies able to prevent infection \u2013 called neutralising antibodies \u2013 for these different forms of the virus. [...] Yet after two doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, the paper suggests protection against symptomatic COVID-19 rises to 93% against the alpha variant and 88% for the delta variant. The Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine also sees a lift: after a second dose it\u2019s 66% protective against alpha and 60% effective against delta.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cMyanmar used Dominion Voting Systems.\u201d", "evidence": "Claims about hacked Dominion Voting Systems machines even extended to Myanmar\u2019s election, although those rumours were even more quickly debunked \u2013 the country used an entirely paper-based voting system. But in Myanmar too, smarter use of technology in elections could minimise the (already tenuous) grounds on which its military challenged the outcome. Tackling messy voter registration rolls using smart phones would be a valuable improvement to election credibility, and give Myanmar\u2019s electoral commission a stronger basis on which to reject claims of fraud. Over 80% of Myanmar\u2019s population has access to a smartphone (not far behind Australia, at 90%), meaning most households could confirm or update their voting details via an app in advance of election day. This would allow authorities to easily remove duplicate entries and the names of those who have died from the electoral roll before election day.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Senate Republicans' move to confirm Judge Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court in an election year is \"not constitutional.\"", "evidence": "\"Of course,\" said McConnell, \"the American people should have a say in the court's direction. It is a president's constitutional right to nominate a Supreme Court justice, and it is the Senate's constitutional right to act as a check on the president and withhold its consent.\" [...] For his part, McConnell argued that the Democrats had at least contemplated a similar tactic back in 1992, when Obama's vice president, Joe Biden, was chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee and mused about urging President George H.W. Bush to withhold any nominees to the high court until the end of the \"political season.\" [...] A previous version of this story incorrectly said that before 2016, the last time a Democratic president made a Supreme Court appointment while Republicans held the Senate was in 1885. The last such appointment was in 1895.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says Amber Alerts are issued for white kids \"but not Black kids in Milwaukee.\"", "evidence": "Fact check: Online post incorrect about Amber Alerts and Black children in Milwaukee [...] \"So Amber Alert works for kids in Baraboo but not Black kids in Milwaukee,\" one Facebook post stated July 6. The text was accompanied by a \"thinking\" emoji. [...] We rate this claim FALSE based on our research. The data actually shows a disproportionately high number of alerts \u2014 based on population \u2014 have been issued precisely for Black children in Milwaukee. Nearly half of all alerts involved Black children, even though only about 1 in 15 state residents is Black. And more than one-fourth of all alerts were initiated by Milwaukee police \u2014 all for Black children.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Ron Johnson has voted against funding for law enforcement and recently opposed a plan to recruit and train new officers \"", "evidence": "RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland [...] Submitted to Michael Pack by Senator Ron Johnson [...] Room SD-419, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Ron Johnson, presiding.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cIndividuals released from incarceration are 129 times more likely to die of a drug overdose during the first two weeks after release.\u201d", "evidence": "\"In their first two weeks after release from incarceration, ex-convicts are 129 times more likely than the general public to die from a drug overdose. The Medicaid Reentry Act seeks to tackle the epidemics of opioid overdoses and recidivism after release from prison by resuming benefits for Medicaid-eligible individuals 30 days before they are released to avoid a gap in coverage,\" said Senator Braun. [...] \"Addiction doesn\u2019t disappear behind bars, yet evidence-based addiction treatment is still too difficult to access for incarcerated individuals,\" said Paul H. Earley, MD, president of the American Society of Addiction Medicine. \"During the first two weeks of reentry, people are 129 times more likely to die of a drug overdose and are at significantly higher risk of suicide, underscoring the need to ensure coordinated care during such a vulnerable time. We commend these bipartisan leaders for introducing the Medicaid Reentry Act and urge Congress to pass this critical legislation quickly in order to reduce the risk of overdose and ultimately save lives.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe know mask mandates work. There\u2019s enough evidence out there between counties that have done it and counties that haven\u2019t.\"", "evidence": "Multiple studies have suggested mask mandates can lead to a decline in COVID-19 cases. Researchers caution that factors like compliance and enforcement should be taken into consideration, but masks have ultimately proven to be an effective tool in combating the virus", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The American Medical Association rescinded a previous statement and now says \"hydroxychloroquine is okay\" for COVID-19.", "evidence": "RETRACTED: Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis [...] RETRACTED: Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: why might they be hazardous? [...] Retraction\u2014Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe Wisconsin voter roll has over 120,000 active voters who have been registered to vote for over 100 years.\u201d", "evidence": "The claim: Wisconsin's voter rolls have over 120,000 active voters who have been registered to vote for more than 100 years [...] \"The Wisconsin voter roll has over 120,000 active voters who have been registered to vote for over 100 years,\" Ivory Hecker, a former reporter for a Fox affiliate in Houston, said in a Jan. 7 Facebook video. \"The margin of victory is 20,000. Yes that\u2019s right: Biden beat Trump by 21,000 votes yet there are over 120,000 people in Wisconsin who are more than 100 years old and they are voters.\" [...] Based on our research, we rate FALSE the claim that Wisconsin's voter rolls have over 120,000 active voters who have been registered to vote for more than 100 years. There are 120,000 voters with a 1918 registration date, but they haven't been registered that long. That date was assigned as a default value when local voter rolls were merged into a single statewide database, since not all local clerks had tracked voters' birthdates.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says of Gov. Tony Evers and 2020 violence in Kenosha after the police shooting of Jacob Blake: \u201cIt took the loss of lives before help finally came.\u201d", "evidence": "MADISON, Wis. -- Gov. Tony Evers on Sunday night condemned the police shooting of Jacob Blake, a man who was shot by a Kenosha officer during a \"domestic incident,\" according to police. \"Tonight, Jacob Blake was shot in the back multiple times, in broad daylight, in Kenosha, Wisconsin,\" Evers said in the statement. \"Kathy and I join his family, friends, and neighbors in hoping earnestly that he will not succumb to his injuries. While we do not have all of the details yet, what we know for certain is that he is not the first Black man or person to have been shot or injured or mercilessly killed at the hands of individuals in law enforcement in our state or our country.\" [...] - Fiance Says Jacob Blake Was Shot In Front Of His Children - Protests, Vandalism Erupt in Kenosha After Police Shooting", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cPutin has stated: Russian citizens (have) 2 options: Stay home for 15 days or in jail for 5 years.\u201d", "evidence": "Furthermore, events within Russia, including the attack and subsequent imprisonment of Russian opposition figure Alexei Navalny, highlight a trend of deepening authoritarianism in the country. International human rights organizations have noted that Russia\u2019s human rights record has continued to deteriorate in recent years. [...] The Russian government is also using legislative measures to suppress opposition voices. In late December 2020, President Putin signed a large number of bills into law, including restrictions on protests, online information, and on individuals and organizations receiving funds from foreign sources for their activities. Civil society space in Russia has continued to shrink, and legal efforts continue to target human rights defenders, and the media. Aggressive state-driven media campaigns discredit the work of civil society, and attacks on civil society actors, as in previous years, remain frequent. [...] These actions are a continuation and acceleration of the violent steps taken by Russia since early 2014 to undermine Ukrainian security and sovereignty, and have rendered the Minsk Agreements moot.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cMike Tyson says he\u2019s willing to box Olympic DUDE with all proceeds to go to a battered women\u2019s charity.\u201d", "evidence": "Message re: Mike Tyson says he's willing to box Olympic Troon", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cFree health allowance is available at no cost.\u201d", "evidence": "President Joe Biden has not announced a new initiative to give Americans more than $5,000 in cash or credit to cover health care. It\u2019s not safe to turn over personal information to unfamiliar websites.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cOne quarter\u201d of today\u2019s $31.4 trillion federal debt \u201cwas accumulated in the four years of my predecessor,\u201d Donald Trump.", "evidence": "Joe Biden stated on January 20, 2023 in a speech at the White House: \"One quarter\" of today\u2019s $31.4 trillion federal debt \"was accumulated in the four years of my predecessor,\" Donald Trump. Joe Biden stated on September 18, 2022 in an interview with CBS' \"60 Minutes\": \"This year, it's going to be over $1.5 trillion (that we\u2019ve) reduced the debt.\" Glenn Grothman stated on May 21, 2022 in Newsletter: \"Nearly 60% of all student loan debt is held by the rich and upper-middle class,\" so forgiveness would give the wealthy a \"financial windfall\" but not really help low-income people. Joe Biden stated on May 10, 2022 in remarks at the White House: \"My Treasury Department is planning to pay down the national debt this quarter, which never happened under my predecessor.\" Abby Finkenauer stated on December 9, 2021 in a tweet: Chuck Grassley was \"voting to slash Medicare\" when voting against the debt ceiling bill. Joe Biden stated on October 4, 2021 in a speech: \"Raising the debt limit is usually a bipartisan undertaking.\" Nikki Haley stated on June 28, 2021 in a Facebook post: \"The national debt is now bigger than our economy. [...] Joe Biden stated on January 20, 2023 in a speech at the White House: \"One quarter\" of today\u2019s $31.4 trillion federal debt \"was accumulated in the four years of my predecessor,\" Donald Trump.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe\u2019ve had more Americans die of fentanyl than the Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam Wars, combined.\u201d", "evidence": "\"We\u2019ve had more Americans die of fentanyl than the Iraq, Afghanistan and Vietnam wars, combined,\" the former South Carolina governor said Dec. 14 at the Atkinson Resort and Country Club. [...] Federal data shows Haley\u2019s math is accurate when measuring national fentanyl deaths against U.S. military deaths. About 127,000 Americans died from drug overdoses involving a synthetic opioid other than methadone (primarily fentanyl) in 2020 and 2021 alone, compared with 65,278 U.S. military personnel who died in Iraq, Afghanistan and Vietnam. [...] Her numbers are right. About 127,000 Americans died from drug overdoses involving a synthetic opioid other than methadone (primarily fentanyl) in 2020 and 2021, compared with 65,278 U.S. military personnel who died in Iraq, Afghanistan and Vietnam.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cPelosi\u2019s $1.9 trillion bailout gives EVERY federal employee a $21,000 bonus check\u2026 they never lost their job!\u201d", "evidence": "Other \"urgent needs\" include $50 million for Planned Parenthood, $685 billion that isn\u2019t scheduled to be spent for another two years \u2013 about a third of the entire cost of the bill, and an additional $1,400 per week, up to $21,000 total, for federal employees who have kids out of school, but ignores millions of parents outside of D.C. who are also suffering through school closures, a crisis that has already forced one million American moms to leave the workforce. [...] When you add it all up, the price tag of Democrats\u2019 bill is jaw-dropping. At $1.9 trillion, it is the single most expensive bill in history. But don\u2019t call it a rescue or relief bill. Call it a Pelosi Payoff. Because the amount of money that actually goes to funding public health is less than nine percent. This is not a serious attempt to fix the real problems of the American people.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\"Tim Walz signed into law driver's licenses for illegal immigrants in Minnesota.\"", "evidence": "\"Tim Walz signed into law driver\u2019s licenses for illegal immigrants in Minnesota, he wanted health care for illegal immigrants in Minnesota, this guy is incredibly left-wing,\" Donalds said.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Bernie Sanders has \u201cnever taken corporate lobbyist money in his *entire political career.*\"", "evidence": "Bernie Sanders Took Money From Big Lobbying Groups, Returned Corporate PAC Donations Bernie Sanders says he\u2019s never taken money from corporate political action committees. An International Business Times review of federal elections records supports that claim \u2014 but Sanders has taken PAC money from business-linked groups that lobby Congress. [...] As Hillary Clinton faces scrutiny for the campaign donations and speaking fees she received from Wall Street firms, she has sought to direct attention to Sanders\u2019 ties to a national Democratic Party committee that\u2019s received some of its funding from the financial sector and other big businesses. The Sanders campaign has struck back at that comparison, and declared last week that he \"has never accepted corporate PAC money in his life.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cStarbucks just announced that they\u2019re going cashless.\u201d", "evidence": "A sign from a Starbucks cafe in the United Kingdom announcing it was going cashless started rumors that the entire company was eschewing cash. But that\u2019s not right.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cTim Ryan when he ran for president two years ago \u2026 supported banning fracking both on public lands and generally speaking.\u201d", "evidence": "Vance: \"He said he supported Ohio\u2019s natural gas industry and he\u2019s always done so, and yet Tim Ryan, when he ran for president, was it two years ago, you supported banning fracking, both on public lands and generally speaking.\" In a climate forum during his 2020 presidential campaign, Ryan said he would \"absolutely\" support a fracking ban on federal lands. [...] A Washington Post analysis of the presidential candidates' views on fracking labeled Ryan as someone who supports more regulations as opposed to an all-out ban. Ryan acknowledged the economic benefits of fracking in the newspaper's questionnaire but said the government needs to \"ramp up our oversight\" to prevent leaks and other problems.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cBernie Sanders wants free health care for all and was asked how he would pay for it. His answer was raise taxes to 52% on anybody making over $29,000 per year.\u201d", "evidence": "Sanders admits he would raise taxes on the middle class to pay for programs Sen. Bernie Sanders, challenged at Thursday night\u2019s Democratic presidential debate on how he would pay for universal health care and his other proposed programs, admitted income taxes on the middle class would have to go up \u2014 but maintained that the savings in medical expenses would more than offset the tax hike. Sanders, who took the first question from NBC correspondent Savannah Guthrie, talked about his Medicare for All proposal for his allotted minute. But when Guthrie followed up and pressed him about taxes on the middle class, he conceded, \"Yes, they will pay more in taxes.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cIn 2021, Minnesotans were roughly five times more likely to move to Florida than vice versa\u201d because they were \u201cfleeing\u201d the state under Democratic Gov. Tim Walz.\"", "evidence": "\"The American people do not want what Tim Walz allowed to happen in Minneapolis coming to their communities,\" he added [...] Walz has also taken fire for Minnesota\u2019s role as a sanctuary state amid an illegal immigration crisis and his stance on transgender surgeries for youth, which is further left than most of the nation. \"In 2021, Minnesotans were roughly five times more likely to move to Florida than vice versa,\" Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis wrote on X, formerly known as Twitter. \"They were fleeing a state that, under Gov. Tim Walz, turned its back on law and order, increased taxes, and imposed unscientific coronavirus restrictions, harming children and destroying businesses. Walz is an unbridled leftist, an Ilhan Omar-style Democrat that puts ideology above all else.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Says Melania Trump is the \u201cfirst FLOTUS to visit troops in a combat zone since 1969.\u201d", "evidence": "Claudia Taylor Johnson (1963-1969) [...] Thelma Patricia Ryan Nixon (1969-1974) Thelma Patricia Ryan Nixon, or Pat, dedicated herself to social issues including education and volunteering. She became the first president\u2019s wife to visit a combat zone when she went to South Vietnam in 1969. She also sought to make the White House more accessible, opening up the property for tours and creating brochures in languages other than English.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cJoe Biden\u2019s margin of the less than 21,000 votes in Wisconsin was the tightest of any state in 2020.\u201d", "evidence": "Wisconsin Supreme Court upholds Biden's win, rejects Trump lawsuit MADISON - The state Supreme Court upheld Democrat Joe Biden's Wisconsin win Monday, handing President Donald Trump a defeat less than an hour before the Electoral College met. [...] Biden edged out Trump in Wisconsin by 21,000 votes, or 0.6%. It was a winning margin of about the size Trump enjoyed four years ago.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Chief Justice John Roberts visited Jeffrey Epstein's private island.", "evidence": "There\u2019s no evidence Chief Justice John Roberts is in the viral picture. The photo was taken in the Dominican Republic, not on Jeffrey Epstein\u2019s private island. There\u2019s no credible evidence that a \"John Roberts\" listed in Epstein\u2019s flight logs is the chief justice, or that the chief justice had a personal relationship with Epstein.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cCongress has one job here: to count electoral votes that have in fact been cast by any state.\u201d", "evidence": "\"Congress has one job here: to count electoral votes that have in fact been cast by any state, as designated by those authorized to do so under state law,\" U.S. Rep. Mike Gallagher, R-Green Bay, said in a Jan. 3, 2020, statement signed by several other members of the House. \"To take action otherwise \u2014 that is, to unconstitutionally insert Congress into the center of the presidential election process \u2014 would amount to stealing power from the people and the states.\" [...] \"There is no authority for Congress to make value judgments in the abstract regarding any state\u2019s election laws or the manner in which they have been implemented,\" the statement from Gallagher and the others said. \"The text of the Constitution is clear. States select electors. Congress does not. Accordingly, our path forward is also clear. We must respect the states\u2019 authority here. Though doing so may frustrate our immediate political objectives, we have sworn an oath to promote the Constitution above our policy goals. We must count the electoral votes submitted by the states.\" [...] He said this in making the broader point that Congress is not tasked in this case with making \"value judgements\" about the legitimacy of those votes. That is a power left to the states. The role of Congress, as laid out in the Constitution and federal law, is effectively to observe the electors sent in by the states.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Eric Schmitt \u201csponsored a bill to spend $480 million of your tax dollars\u201d on cargo hub for airlines \"owned by China's Communist Party\u201d and \"voted to let China buy up Missouri farmland.\"", "evidence": "A bill Schmitt sponsored originally called for $480 million in tax credits, not state expenditures, for the Missouri hub. A law Schmitt voted for allows for limited ownership of Missouri agricultural land by foreign businesses.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Says NBC News\u2019 Kristen Welker \u201cgave thousands of dollars to Obama, Clinton and Biden, is registered as a Democrat & her family spent Christmas with the Obamas at the White House.\u201d", "evidence": "There is no evidence Welker has donated to Democrats or spent Christmas with the Obamas at the White House. While she previously registered as a Democrat, Welker has registered with no party affiliation since 2016, according to the District of Columbia Board of Elections. [...] \"Kristen Welker, of NBC, the next debate moderator chosen by the \u2018unbiased\u2019 Presidential commission, gave thousands of dollars to Obama, Clinton and Biden, is registered as a Democrat & her family spent Christmas with the Obamas at the White House,\" reads the post. It also features an image of Welker in the White House press briefing room with a fabricated news chyron that reads, \"Kristen Walker is not a journalist she\u2019s part of the anti-Trump resistance.\" [...] The claim that Welker and her family \"spent Christmas with the Obamas at the White House\" appears to stem from a picture Welker shared on Facebook in 2012 that shows her posing with Barack and Michelle Obama in a room with holiday decorations. The photo was taken during a White House holiday press party, an NBC spokesperson told the DCNF in an email.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says his Jan. 6, 2021, speech on the White House Ellipse drew the \u201csame number of people,\u201d as the 1963 March on Washington where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his \u201cI Have a Dream\u201d speech.", "evidence": "Later Trump would claim that the crowd he drew to the ellipse outside the White House on Jan. 6, 2021, was the largest crowd that ever assembled on the National Mall, including the crowd that attended the March on Washington and heard the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.\u2019s famous \"I Have A Dream\" speech in 1963. [...] \"If you look at Martin Luther King, when he did his speech, his great speech, and you look at ours \u2013 same real estate, same everything \u2026 if you look at the picture of his crowd and my crowd, we actually had more. They said I had 25,000 people and he had a million people. I\u2019m okay with it, because I liked Dr. Martin Luther King.\" [...] \"If you look at Jan. 6, which a lot of people are not talking about very much, I think those people were treated harshly when you compare them to other things that took place in this country where a lot of people were killed,\" he said. \"Nobody was killed on Jan. 6. I think the people of Jan. 6 were treated very unfairly. They were there to complain about an election.\"", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\"Antifa was already inside the Capitol with floor plans dressed as Trump supporters\" on Jan. 6, 2021, proving the attack \u201cwas 100% a setup.\"", "evidence": "The Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol was not a \"setup\" by antifa activists who were \"already inside the Capitol with floor plans dressed as Trump supporters.\" The viral Facebook post making that claim revived a debunked conspiracy theory. A University of Chicago research group that has examined 900 people charged to date has found no evidence of antifa involvement in the day's events. A video captured amid the attack does not show antifa; it shows a group of pro-Trump rioters, including some whose support for former President Donald Trump has been documented in charging documents, discussing the Capitol\u2019s layout after breaching it.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Marjorie Taylor Greene said, \u201cJesus loves the U.S. most and that is why the Bible is written in English.\u201d", "evidence": "In February 2021, as the news cycle focused on genuine comments made by U.S. Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene about school shootings being hoaxes, some social media users encountered a quote ostensibly uttered by Greene about Jesus and the English language. This meme reads: \"'If English was good enough for Jesus, it's good enough for us,' stated Marjorie Taylor Greene, explaining why Spanish shouldn't be spoken in a Christian Nation like America. Wow! Chew on that for a moment.\" [...] While it's certainly possible that someone, somewhere, at sometime uttered the phrase \"If English was good enough for Jesus, it's good enough for us\" in earnest, this quote is most often used to paint politicians for being, perhaps, more ignorant of history and religion than they actually are.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "During the 2020 Minnesota riots after George Floyd\u2019s murder, Gov. Tim Walz didn\u2019t call in the National Guard, \u201cso, I sent in the National Guard to save Minneapolis.\u201d", "evidence": "Investigating timeline of when Tim Walz called in National Guard amid George Floyd unrest Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz has faced criticism for his response to the public unrest in his state after George Floyd's murder in Minneapolis in 2020. CBS News Confirmed mapped out how long it took Walz to bring in the National Guard during the outrage. CBS News Minnesota reporter Jennifer Mayerle explains the findings.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cInfection rates in Allegany, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties have consistently been among the lowest in the state.\u201d", "evidence": "If Your Time is short \u2022 A look at the data from the end of March to mid-May confirms that the per capita infection rate in Allegany, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties was typically in the bottom one-third of counties in the state. [...] \"While infection rates in Allegany, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties have consistently been among the lowest in the state throughout the COVID-19 crisis, our linkage with Erie County and its higher infection rates means that we don\u2019t meet the metrics for reopening, and our hurting, rural economies must remain shut down for at least another two weeks,\" Borrello said in the statement. [...] We found that, as Borrello had said, Allegany, Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties ranked low in infection rates consistently over that period, while Erie and Niagara started higher and continued to rise:", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cAnything that you lose on the tariff from the perspective of the consumer, you gain in higher wages, so you're ultimately much better off.\u201d", "evidence": "Additionally, under trade diversion, the importing country loses the tariff revenue it had collected on those imports which now come in duty free from its bloc partner. The consumer in the importing partner does gain, because the imported good no longer has to bear the cost of the tariff; however, the consumer\u2019s gain is necessarily less than or equal to the lost customs revenue, so the nation as a whole is less well off . Thus, trade diversion hurts both the importing country and the rest of the world. These loses are greater than the gains to the bloc member that gains exports due to trade diversion. [...] Yi notes that tariff reductions have a far greater impact on these global supply chains than they do on traditional trade. To take the suit example, assume that China, Bangladesh, and the United States each reduces its tariffs by 1 percent and that imported fabric and buttons account for half the cost of the suit made in China; then the cost of producing the suit in China will be reduced by 0.5 percent. Coupled with the 1 percent U.S. tariff reduction, the cost to the U.S. consumer would be reduced by 1.5 percent. If the suit had been wholly produced in China, the cost to the consumer would have been reduced by just the U.S. tariff reduction, or 1 percent.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "President Joe Biden walked \u201conto an empty airplane for no reason.\u201d", "evidence": "Joe Biden slowly boards Air Force One as calls grow for him to drop out of the election [...] US President Joe Biden was seen slowly ascending the small stairs of Air Force One after testing positive for covid on Wednesday.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The United Nations sent out an email instructing staff not to use the words \u201cinvasion\u201d or \u201cwar\u2019\u201d when referring to Ukraine.", "evidence": "An email was sent on March 7 instructing some U.N. staff members not to use the words \"war\" or \"invasion\" when discussing the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The message came from a regional office without clearance and is not considered official U.N. policy, organization officials told PolitiFact. U.N. leaders including Secretary General Ant\u00f3nio Guterres and Rosemary DiCarlo, the organization\u2019s under-secretary-general for political and peacebuilding affairs, used the words in tweets before and after the email was sent.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Gov. Tony Evers \"wanted to increase your taxes by $1 billion just for heating your homes Instead, Republicans cut your taxes by more than $2 billion.\"", "evidence": "Yes, Republicans curbed Evers\u2019 plan to raise taxes by $1 billion and inserted the tax-cut provision [...] Darling claimed that Wisconsin Republicans stopped Evers from raising taxes by $1 billion and instead gave residents the largest tax cut in the state\u2019s history. Evers did plan to raise taxes by $1 billion, although his plan would have included tax cuts for lower-income Wisconsinites. And Republicans did include the largest tax cut in history in their version of the budget that passed in July.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cSince the week ending March 14, Wisconsin actually saw a drop in tourism spending compared to last year of $1.7 billion.\u201d", "evidence": "Decrease in tourism dollars became apparent the week of March 14, with a year-over-year drop of $17 million. Year-over-year decreases continued to mount, with drops of about $200 million per week statewide. A study commissioned by the U.S. Travel Association found year-over-year decreases totaled $1.775 billion from March 14 to May 16.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cMichael Jordan rejects $400 million Disney offer, stating, \u2018I do not collaborate with companies aligned with woke ideologies.\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "Space Sham: NBA star Michael Jordan didn\u2019t slam Disney\u2019s \u2018woke ideologies,\u2019 as some posts claim [...] \"Breaking: Michael Jordan Rejects $400 Million Disney Offer, Stating \u2018I Do Not Collaborate With Companies Aligned With Woke Ideologies\u2019 In Bold Move,\" an Aug. 3 Facebook post said. [...] Reuters, Claims Michael Jordan turned down a Disney ad campaign stem from a satirical website, April 13, 2023", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The United States spent \u201c2 trillion dollars to train and equip the Afghan military over the past 20 years. They fell in a week.\u201d", "evidence": "The $2 trillion figure is considered credible for the 20-year U.S engagement in Afghanistan, but it includes much more than just training and equipping the military. The fall of the Afghan military and government to fall was fast \u2014 nine days from the time Zaranj became the first provincial capital to be seized by the Taliban.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"(Ron) DeSantis' bill would remove: background checks, instruction, training and oversight.\"", "evidence": "Does HB 543 remove gun background checks, instruction, training and oversight, as Newsom claimed? [...] \"If this bill passes as written, there will be no law in Florida requiring government oversight, instruction, training, or a background check to carry a concealed weapon,\" said Aubrey Jewett, a University of Central Florida political science professor. [...] Newsom said DeSantis' legislation would \"remove background checks, instruction, training and oversight.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cHomicides are intraracial. When you look at white-on-white crime, it's 84%. Right? Homicides. White people kill white people.\u201d", "evidence": "Most homicides for which the race of the victim and offender are known are intraracial, meaning they involve people of the same race. A Justice Department report on homicide trends from 1980 to 2008 said 84% of white homicide victims over that 28-year period were killed by other white people, and 93% of Black victims were killed by other Black people. More recent FBI homicide data puts the percentages in the same range.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201c24 of every 100 kids in school today speak Spanish.\u201d", "evidence": "\"Today, it is no exaggeration to say that the future of the success of this country depends on Hispanics having opportunities and the tools they need to succeed,\" he said Sept. 15. \"I know my team here knows, my new team, that 24 of every 100 kids in school today speak Spanish.\" In an interview with Telemundo the same day, he made a similar statement about students, that 24 out of 100 \"are Latinos, Spanish speaking.\" [...] Biden said \"24 of every 100 kids in school today speaks Spanish.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe have 85 million Americans who have no health insurance.\u201d", "evidence": "Bernie Sanders said 85 million Americans have no health insurance. That includes underinsured. [...] \"We have 85 million Americans who have no health insurance,\" Sanders said Dec. 11 on CNN\u2019s \"State of the Union.\" [...] Casca referred us to a 2022 survey by the Commonwealth Fund, a private foundation that is a respected source of health care research. The survey found that 43% of working-age adults 19 to 64, or about 85 million Americans, were uninsured or inadequately insured. Specifically:", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cViolent crime was up under Donald Trump.\u201d", "evidence": "Murders and aggravated assaults shot up dramatically under Trump, while most other types of crime declined. [...] The rate of aggravated assaults also rose under Trump \u2014 by 12.6%. [...] The big jump in the number of murders is entirely due to a 29% rise in Trump\u2019s final year, which also saw millions laid off from jobs due to the COVID-19 pandemic; widespread protests against racism and police brutality following a Minneapolis policeman\u2019s murder of a black man, George Floyd; and a surge in production and sales of firearms.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Children ages 5 to 9 \u201care not affected by\u201d the coronavirus.", "evidence": "Fact-check: Are kids aged 5-9 'not affected by' the coronavirus? [...] Here's why: In a viral video clip, a suburban Atlanta mother who implored her local school board to stop mandating masks for children claimed that kids ages 5 to 9 \"are not affected by\" the coronavirus. [...] A woman in a video clip stated that children ages 5 to 9 \"are not affected by\" the coronavirus.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "In Pompano Beach, Florida, Somali immigrants illegally in the U.S. were in line to get driver\u2019s licenses and \u201call you need to vote is a driver's license.\u201d", "evidence": "\"BREAKING! 100s of illegal migrants in line to get drivers licenses???\" read a screengrab of an X post that overlaid the video on Instagram. \"Isn\u2019t that all you need to be able to vote? 1955 N Federal Hwy, Pompano Beach, FL.\" [...] Florida doesn\u2019t issue driver\u2019s licenses to immigrants in the U.S. illegally, unlike some states. And people must be U.S. citizens to vote in federal elections. A small number of Democratic-led cities let certain noncitizens vote in municipal elections, but cities in Florida are not among them. Nothing in the video proved that the people in line were Somalis or immigrants illegally in the U.S. [...] A video shared on social media claimed to show Somali immigrants in line to get driver\u2019s licenses in Pompano Beach, Florida, and said, \"All you need to vote is a driver's license.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "China \u201chad the largest naval fleet in the world. They had 370 ships. They'll have 400 ships in two years. We won't even have 350 ships in two decades.\"", "evidence": "\"China has built up their military at a scary pace,\" Haley said in Derry, New Hampshire. We won\u2019t even have 350 ships in two decades.\" [...] Haley\u2019s campaign did not respond to an inquiry for this article. The Pentagon\u2019s 2023 China Military Power Report said China\u2019s navy had about 370 warships. The fleet is expected to grow to 395 ships by 2025 and 435 ships by 2030. [...] Haley said China \"had the largest naval fleet in the world. We won\u2019t even have 350 ships in two decades.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"The Postal Service is not losing money because of Amazon. It\u2019s losing money because in 2006, the Republican-led Congress passed a law forcing it to prepay its pensions for 75 years, which no other corporation does ... Without this law, the Postal Service would be turning a profit.\u201d", "evidence": "The Postal Service has experienced years of financial troubles. Last-mile delivery services it provides for Amazon are not the cause of those problems. The 2006 Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act required the Postal Service to pre-fund future retiree health benefits, not pensions. The law put a financial strain on the service, which has defaulted on some of the statutorily prescribed payments. The Postal Service has more financial problems than just the requirements of that law.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\"We put $330 million in general school aids \u2014 the largest in more than a decade.\"", "evidence": "Tony Evers stated on April 14, 2021 in Twitter: \"Regulating and taxing marijuana\u2014much like we do alcohol\u2014would generate more than $165M in revenue starting in 2022\" Tony Evers stated on April 21, 2021 in Twitter: A new state agreement with Foxconn \"will save Wisconsin taxpayers $2.77 billion.\" Tony Evers stated on March 30, 2021 in Twitter: \"It took the Legislature nearly 300 days to act on a (COVID-19) bill during this pandemic.\" Tony Evers stated on March 14, 2021 in TV interview: \"There\u2019s still (only) a handful of school districts\" doing no in-person instruction. Tony Evers stated on January 12, 2021 in Speech: \"The Legislature spent the last decade passing laws deliberately making it even harder for people to access these critical supports when they need it most, exacerbating the problems with our already-outdated system.\" Tony Evers stated on January 12, 2021 in Speech: \"We put $330 million in general school aids \u2014 the largest in more than a decade.\" Tony Evers stated on September 15, 2020 in a media briefing: \"Wisconsin is one of the nine states with the highest rate of infection per capita.\" [...] Tony Evers stated on January 12, 2021 in Speech: \"We put $330 million in general school aids \u2014 the largest in more than a decade.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cElon Musk backs Caitlin Clark, offers $10 million endorsement.\u201d", "evidence": "Elon Musk\u2019s decision to endorse Caitlin Clark is a significant milestone in her career. The $10 million deal not only provides Clark with substantial financial resources but also significantly boosts her profile globally. Musk, the CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, has a massive following on social media, and his support for Clark will likely attract even more attention to her career. Musk announced the endorsement via Twitter, where he has over 100 million followers. \"I\u2019ve been following Caitlin Clark\u2019s career and am incredibly impressed by her talent and determination. I\u2019m proud to offer her a $10 million endorsement to support her journey. I support you, Caitlin Clark,\" Musk tweeted. This public declaration has generated a whirlwind of reactions and discussions across various platforms. [...] Elon Musk\u2019s $10 million endorsement of Caitlin Clark is a landmark moment in the world of sports endorsements. It highlights the growing influence of tech entrepreneurs in the sports industry and underscores the importance of supporting and recognizing talent across different fields. For Caitlin Clark, the endorsement is a testament to her hard work, talent, and potential, providing her with the resources and visibility to further her career and make a positive impact on and off the court.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Says President Donald \u201cTrump promised 13,000 new jobs to the people of #Wisconsin. 3 years later, we\u2019re still waiting\u2026\u201d", "evidence": "Microsoft will also develop an AI innovation lab at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and a \"Data Center Academy\" at Gateway Technical College, where Biden is slated to announce the development, the White House release says. The academy will train 1,000 people in the community for data center and STEM jobs by 2030. The AI lab aims to work with 270 Wisconsin companies by 2030. Microsoft said it is also partnering with United Way to train more than 100,000 people across the state on generative AI. Wisconsinites may be skeptical. In 2017, former President Donald Trump announced that the Taiwanese tech giant Foxconn \u2014 which, among other things, manufactures iPhones \u2014 was building a massive LCD factory in Mount Pleasant, a small town with high unemployment. The company also promised \"innovation centers\" in Racine, Eau Claire, and Green Bay. Trump said Foxconn\u2019s $10 billion investment, which would create 13,000 new jobs, would be the \"eighth wonder of the world.\" Most of it never materialized.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Speaking of an HIV outbreak in Indiana during his time as governor, says \u201cwe immediately deployed health resources.\u201d", "evidence": "But his response to an HIV outbreak in Indiana while he was governor is getting new attention. A reporter challenged Pence about it in a Feb. 29 press conference, saying Pence did not follow the advice of his public health advisers who pushed for a needle exchange program at the outset. [...] \"My health officials came to me. We immediately deployed health resources, but the truth was, is, HIV AIDS was being spread by people sharing needles and intravenous drug use,\" Pence said. \"And the state of Indiana did not allow for providing a needle exchange to citizens. But the CDC came in and made a recommendation, and I declared a public health emergency and made, for 30 days, a needle exchange available in the state of Indiana.\" [...] Pence said his administration \"immediately deployed health resources\" in response to an HIV outbreak in an Indiana County.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cWhen I came into office, Iran had $70 billion in foreign exchange reserves. \u2026 By the time I left, they had nothing. They were broke.\u201d", "evidence": "Recent date from the IMF shows why this theory was persuasive. The IMF\u2019s most recent \"Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia,\" reports that Iran\u2019s \"Gross Official Reserves\" fell from an average of $70 billion in 2000-2017, and $122.5 billion in 2018, to $12.4 billion in 2019 and an amazing $4 billion in 2020. At that level Iran was on a rough par with countries such as Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Armenia, and Georgia. By contrast, in 2020 Algeria had $46.7 billion in reserves, Iraq had $54.1 billion, Libya $51 billion--and Afghanistan $8.6 billion, twice as much as Iran. What explains the collapse in Iran\u2019s reserves? The \"maximum pressure\" campaign. And the argument that 'faced with a continuation and even intensification of that campaign, Iran would have had to negotiate' seems entirely reasonable. [...] Whenever we hear that \"the maximum pressure campaign failed,\" we ought to recall that IMF statistic: Iran\u2019s reserves almost disappeared between 2018 and 2020. The Biden policy, which suggests that Iran will concede more while the pressure on it is reduced, is simply illogical. As the old saying goes, hope is not a strategy.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWisconsin had over 1,400 opioid overdose deaths in 2022.\u201d", "evidence": "In 2021, the latest full year of final data available, there were 1,427 deaths in Wisconsin related to opioids, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services reported. Provisional department data show there were 1,358 opioid overdose or poisoning deaths in 2022. [...] Synthetic opioids, particularly fentanyl, cause the vast majority of Wisconsin opioid deaths, according to the health department.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"Samsung drops out of $1 billion advertising campaign with Olympics.\"", "evidence": "An International Olympic Committee spokesperson told PolitiFact Samsung Electronics Co. has not withdrawn its sponsorship. Samsung has continued to share posts and articles about the 2024 Paris Olympics. This claim was first shared by websites that publish what they describe as \"satire.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Baby boomers didn\u2019t have autism, seizures, allergies and other ailments when they were kids.", "evidence": "Autism, allergies and other diseases and disorders afflicted baby boomers, too If Your Time is short - Today\u2019s childhood diseases and ailments also existed when baby boomers were kids, though in some cases, the rates of such illnesses have increased. [...] \"Baby boomers had measles, mumps and chicken pox,\" said a post shared in a group advocating for \"vaccine rights.\" \"Today\u2019s kids have SIDs, autism, seizures, allergies, diabetes, cancer, speech delay, colic, ear tubes, HFMD, eczema and RSV. Time to start researching why\u2026\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cClassified documents can never be taken out of a (sensitive compartmented information facility), ever.\u201d", "evidence": "Federal officials do not secure TS/SCI information in this way. First, TS/SCI documents are so sensitive that only officials meeting a very high need-to-know bar are allowed to read them. TS/SCI-cleared officials must also follow standard procedures to conduct their TS/SCI \"read.\" They must do so only in a government-approved sensitive compartmented information facility (SCIF), which is specially constructed and hardened to prevent unauthorized entry and electronic eavesdropping. For certain highly sensitive information, readers must sign their names on the document they read. They may discuss the TS/SCI content while in the SCIF but not when outside a SCIF. They read the TS/SCI documents in the presence of an intelligence officer, who later collects all TS/SCI documents, returns them to a TS/SCI-designated safe located within a SCIF, and logs in their return. No one may take a TS/SCI document out of the SCIF to their office or their home, even if there is a strong padlock on their office or personal safe. When an official leaves government service, they are \"read out\" of the TS/SCI program and cut off from further access to TS/SCI material. If an official loses a TS/SCI document, they can lose their TS/SCI clearance\u2014or go to prison if they do something more damaging. These safeguards exist because the sensitivity of TS/SCI information is so grave.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The United States had 589 coal-fired plants 10 years ago, and \u201cwe're down to 504. \u2026 We are the only nation that has reduced our reliance (on) coal energy.\"", "evidence": "Joe Manchin stated on November 16, 2021 in a Senate hearing: The United States had 589 coal-fired plants 10 years ago, and \"we're down to 504. \u2026 We are the only nation that has reduced our reliance (on) coal energy.\" Carol Miller stated on July 28, 2021 in an article in RealClearEnergy: \"We became a net exporter of natural gas in 2017, and until recently, our exports have exceeded our imports.\" Jennifer Granholm stated on September 8, 2021 in an interview on CNN: \"West Virginia University just came out with a study that showed that there will be almost 20,000 jobs created in clean energy in West Virginia if (President Joe Biden\u2019s) agenda is passed.\" Richard Ojeda stated on August 15, 2021 in a tweet: The United States spent \"2 trillion dollars to train and equip the Afghan military over the past 20 years. They fell in a week.\" X posts stated on August 30, 2021 in on social media: \"Near Morgantown, WV, a Moderna shipment truck crashed, hazmat dispatched, airspace shut down and now apparently Emergency Response is claiming the Department of Defense took it over.\" [...] Joe Manchin stated on November 16, 2021 in a Senate hearing: The United States had 589 coal-fired plants 10 years ago, and \"we're down to 504. \u2026 We are the only nation that has reduced our reliance (on) coal energy.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cKamala cast the tie breaking vote to hire 87,000 new IRS agents to go after your tip income.\u201d", "evidence": "Throughout the fall, for instance, Georgia Republican Senate candidate Herschel Walker sent multiple fundraising emails promising to vote to repeal the fictitious 87,000 new IRS agents if he were elected. (He lost.) In September, Nikki Haley, now a GOP presidential candidate, emailed Walker\u2019s supporters asking for donations by appealing to the same sense of grievance over the IRS funding. \"Senator Warnock, votes 96% of the time with Biden, including for open borders, less energy independence, 87,000 new IRS agents, and higher taxes,\" she wrote. [...] But that hasn\u2019t stopped the conspiracy theories. The 87,000 new IRS agents claim appears to emanate from a May 2021 Treasury Department report that said such an investment is estimated to enable the agency to hire roughly 87,000 employees by 2031. But most of those wouldn\u2019t be agents or necessarily even new positions. The increased funding was designed to cover a range of positions, including IT technicians and taxpayer services support staff, as well as experienced auditors who would be largely tasked with cracking down on corporate and high-income tax evaders. [...] Yet there are few signs that Republicans intend to relent on the misleading claim of Biden hiring 87,000 new IRS agents any time soon. Republican insiders say that it\u2019s expected to be a recurring theme at this weekend\u2019s CPAC conference and beyond.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "A Phoenix TV station aired the election results more than a week early.", "evidence": "Claim: Two television stations aired 2012 election \"results\" early. [...] Even so, it will be interesting to compare the \"results\" broadcast over two weeks earlier with the actual 2012 returns. [...] Schortgen, Kenneth Jr. \"Television Stations in Ohio and Arizona Announce Obama Victory Before Election.\" Examiner.com. 22 October 2012. The Daily Caller. \"CBS News Affiliate Calls 2012 Presidential Race For Obama Weeks Ahead of Election.\" 21 October 2012.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cOverdose deaths in WV are up 45% from the prior year.\u201d", "evidence": "Overdose deaths in West Virginia have increased by about 45% between calendar year 2019 and calendar year 2020, according to state data. Preliminary data covering a portion of 2021 shows that the increase has recently accelerated further.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cTexas ranks 3rd highest among states for the number of people who have recovered from\u201d the coronavirus.", "evidence": "Ahead of his this announcement, Abbott shared the statement we\u2019re checking and said Texas is the third highest in the nation for the number of people who have recovered from the coronavirus. [...] The raw counts of recovered cases available show that Texas does rank third, but there is a lot to unpack with this data. Abbott\u2019s office did not return a request for comment seeking information about the data behind his statement. [...] The available figures on cumulative COVID-19 recoveries by state show that Texas ranks third \u2014 but that data has limitations. For one, just 37 states and Washington D.C. have been recording data on recoveries. Also, different standards are in place for determining whether a patient has recovered.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cPete Buttigieg is a favorite candidate of Wall Street and the health care industry.\u201d", "evidence": "That\u2019s in part because Wall Street loves a winner, and Buttigieg \u2014 who is kicking off a two-day swing through New York City that includes three fundraisers \u2014 has been climbing in the polls and leads the pack both in Iowa and New Hampshire. [...] And hedge fund billionaire Paul Tudor Jones, who has predicted the stock market will tank if Warren wins, has called Buttigieg \"my man.\" A review by Forbes found Buttigieg has drawn contributions from 39 billionaires, the third-highest total of active candidates. Buttigieg\u2019s fundraising from Wall Street\u2019s top bank officials is hardly lagging. He\u2019s drawn more than 300 contributions from employees of the top five firms. By contrast, former vice president Joe Biden, another industry favorite, has pulled in roughly 100 donations from employees of the same banks, according to federal campaign records.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cNetflix loses 6 million subscribers within hours of donation announcement.\u201d", "evidence": "\"Netflix loses 6 million subscribers within hours of donation announcement: \u2018The people have spoken,\u2019\" text in an image featuring Harris said in a July 26 Facebook post. The misspelled caption said, \"NETFLIX Lost 6 million subscribes within HOURS of political donation $$$$$ to Kamal Harris' platform.\" [...] We found no evidence to support the claim that Netflix has lost 6 million subscribers as a result of Hasting\u2019s donation. As of April, the company has nearly 270 million subscribers worldwide.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cWhen we discovered, I discovered, that we were doing many, many, too many stop and frisks, we cut 95% of it out.\u201d", "evidence": "The criminalization of youth of color starts young, with the school to prison \u2014 or cradle to grave, according to some \u2014 pipeline, through stop and frisk and racial profiling. This society sees black boys as older and more threatening than they are. [...] Ending stop and frisk and other police practices that disproportionately channel poor people and people of color into the city\u2019s jails. Holding officers involved in the shooting deaths of our brothers and sisters fully accountable.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cWisconsin is 49th in public health spending.\u201d", "evidence": "While public health budgets have shriveled across the country, Wisconsin\u2019s seems to stand out. By one measure, Wisconsin in 2022 ranked 49th among the states in per-capita public health funding \u2014 $72 per person per year compared to a national average of $116. Department of Health Services spokesperson Jennifer Miller acknowledged that \"compared to the rest of the nation, Wisconsin has been significantly underfunding its public health efforts for years.\" [...] Gov. Tony Evers has proposed an unprecedented level of public health funding, Miller said. But Republicans who run the Legislature have rejected many of Evers\u2019 spending proposals.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThis year, it's going to be over $1.5 trillion (that we\u2019ve) reduced the debt.\"", "evidence": "But we\u2019ve chosen a different path: forward, the future, unity, hope, and optimism. (Applause.) I mean it sincerely. We choose to build a better America. [...] We\u2019ve done all this, but then our critics say \"inflation.\" You mean the global inflation caused by the worldwide pandemic and Putin\u2019s war in Ukraine? [...] Well, guess what we did?. We\u2019ve reduced the deficit. (Applause.) The Inflation Reduction Act lowers the deficit by $300 billion over the next 10 years. (Applause.) And that\u2019s on top of the $350 billion I reduced the deficit last year and the $1.5 trillion dollars reducing it this year. (Applause.)", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Black Lives Matter protesters outside the White House faced a more militarized response than rioters who assaulted the Capitol.", "evidence": "The rare display of military might outside the seat of American power was only the beginning. \"I am your President of law and order,\" Trump declared in the Rose Garden, just before curfew descended on Washington on the seventh night of national unrest. Trump threatened to deploy \"thousands and thousands\" of \"heavily armed\" military personnel to quash the protests. As he spoke, officers fired rubber bullets and sprayed chemicals to disperse demonstrators outside the White House gates. Shortly after, twin-engine UH-60 Black Hawk and UH-72 Lakota helicopters swept just above the tree line over the capital\u2019s streets, buzzing a crowd of protesters with a downwash of air, debris and fuel exhaust in an apparent \"show of force,\" a maneuver used to cow insurgents in combat zones.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cIn April last year, our state unemployment rate hit a record low of 2.4%. Last year, Wisconsin had an all-time lowest number of unemployed workers ever in modern history.\u201d", "evidence": "MADISON \u2013 The Department of Workforce Development (DWD) today released the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) preliminary employment estimates for the month of April 2023, which showed Wisconsin's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate dropped to a record low of 2.4%. The total number of unemployed people dropped by 3,700 over the month of April and 13,300 over the year to a new record low of 72,900. In addition, total seasonally adjusted nonfarm jobs increased 3,800 over the month of April and 51,500 year-over-year to hit a new record high of 3,003,600. The total jobs number puts the state 9,600 jobs above the pre-COVID-19 peak in January 2020. Wisconsin's record low unemployment rate of 2.4% for April is down 0.1 percentage points from the March rate of 2.5%, which was the previous record low. The state's labor force participation rate increased by 0.2 percentage point over the month to 64.8%. Nationwide for the month of April, the U.S. unemployment rate was 3.4% with a labor force participation rate of 62.6%.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "In Georgia, it's \"illegal to give people water within 150 feet of a polling place\" and \"punishable by up to a year in prison.\"", "evidence": "Georgia passed a law in 2021 that makes it a misdemeanor, punishable by up to 12 months in jail, to give water to voters within 150 feet of a polling place.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cA few years back,\u201d Mitchell Stadium in Bluefield, W.Va., \u201cwas voted the best high school football field in America.\u201d", "evidence": "In a USA Today contest in 2019, Bluefield\u2019s Mitchell Stadium was voted \"America's best high school football stadium\" based on nearly 6 million votes cast. In a 2023 ranking of the best high school stadiums in each state, the website Stadium Talk chose Mitchell Stadium as the best in West Virginia.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Project 2025 would end gay marriage.", "evidence": "Project 2025 would not end gay marriage, but it calls heterosexual families 'ideal' [...] \"Gay and Married? You won\u2019t be under Project 2025,\" read a July 13 Facebook post that drew a slash through the phrase \"Project 2025.\" Other posts we saw carried similar doomy messages about gay marriage: Project 2025 will \"end marriage equality,\" \"overturn\" the right to gay marriage or \"ban\" gay marriage, they said. During an event hosted by the Center for American Progress, a progressive public policy research and advocacy organization, Texas state Rep. James Talarico, D-Austin, also warned the plan would \"ban gay marriage.\" [...] Social media posts claimed that Project 2025 would \"ban\" or otherwise end gay marriage.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cRon DeSantis is against fracking. He is against drilling\u201d", "evidence": "6 takeaways from second GOP debate: Rivals call out Trump's absence, claw each other \"Ron DeSantis is against fracking. He\u2019s against drilling,\" Haley said. \"He always talks about what happens on day one, you better watch out because what happens on day two is when you\u2019re in trouble. Day two in Florida, you ban fracking, you ban offshore drilling.\" [...] DeSantis campaigned on banning fracking, offshore drilling DeSantis pledged to ban fracking and offshore drilling during his 2018 run for Florida governor.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cBefore the pandemic, just over 40,000 were on continuing UI claims. Now, there are well over 100,000 on state or federal UI benefits.\u201d", "evidence": "Department of Workforce Development datashows that in the week ending on March 7, 2020, there were 41,015 unemployment claims statewide. For the week of May 22, 202, there were 127,745 claims.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201c100 million ballots (Democrats) prefilled now have the wrong name.\u201d", "evidence": "There are no official ballots for the general election yet. The 2024 Democratic presidential nominee will be determined in a virtual nominating process ahead of the Democratic National Convention in August. State deadlines for receiving the presidential nominee\u2019s name for ballot printing generally fall after that.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Higher education is one of America's strongest export sectors. Over 1 million international students studied at American universities, (in the) 2018-19 school year. They contributed over $40 billion to the economy.\u201d", "evidence": "WASHINGTON, D.C., November 18, 2019\u2014The number of international students in the United States set an all-time high in the 2018/19 academic year, the fourth consecutive year with more than one million international students. The total number of international students, 1,095,299, is a 0.05 percent increase over last year, according to the 2019 Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange. International students make up 5.5 percent of the total U.S. higher education population. According to data from the U.S. Department of Commerce, international students contributed $44.7 billion to the U.S. economy in 2018, an increase of 5.5 percent from the previous year. [...] For the tenth consecutive year, China remained the largest source of international students in the United States in 2018/19 with 369,548 students in undergraduate, graduate, non-degree, and optional practical training (OPT) programs, a 1.7 percent increase from 2017/18. India (202,014, +2.9 percent), South Korea (52,250, -4.2 percent), Saudi Arabia (37,080, -16.5 percent), and Canada (26,122, +0.8 percent) round out the top five. Emerging market countries showed some of the strongest growth year over year, especially Bangladesh (+10.0 percent), Brazil (+9.8 percent), Nigeria (+5.8 percent), and Pakistan (+5.6 percent).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Kamala Harris \u201csupported abolishing ICE.\u201d", "evidence": "\"Abolish ICE\" sounds simple and straightforward. It's short enough to fit on a bumper sticker \u2014 as does \"Build the Wall,\" or \"Abolish the IRS.\" It symbolizes Democrats' opposition to Trump's immigration policies, particularly the separation of children and parents at the border. It's a shorthand way to remind lawmakers and the public that Democrats don't like how the president has demonized immigrants \u2014 whether they entered the U.S. legally or not. It also expresses the fear and outrage among immigrant communities who feel that ICE is terrorizing their neighborhoods. [...] Many Democrats think that turning the debate away from Trump's immigration policies and back to a fight over which party is stronger on border security is a loser for Democrats. It's why so many Democratic lawmakers refuse to jump on the \"Abolish ICE\" bandwagon. Even Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders dodged the question, saying only that he wanted to \"create policies that deal with immigration in a rational way.\" Illinois Sen. Tammy Duckworth said abolishing ICE wouldn't accomplish anything, since even without the agency, Trump would still be setting immigration policy. Although Warren and Gillibrand sided with the \"Abolish ICE\" push, California Sen. Kamala Harris, another possible 2020 contender, did not. Harris said she wanted to \"critically re-examine ICE and its role.\" Many Democratic strategists were asking why \u2014 just when the Democrats were winning the immigration debate \u2014 they should adopt a slogan that could backfire on them going into the midterm elections.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Due to U.S. Senate rules, Democrats need \"more than a majority ... to codify Roe vs. Wade.\"", "evidence": "Yes, Democrats do need \u2018more than a majority ... to codify Roe vs. Wade\u2019 [...] \"Because the U.S. Senate is a minority institution, meaning you don't have to get the most votes and still control the chamber, we need to have more than a majority of Democrats in control to codify Roe v. Wade,\" state Sen. Kelda Roys, D-Madison, said May 8, 2022, on \"Capital City Sunday.\" [...] \"So, even if Democrats had 50 or even 59 votes to codify Roe v. Wade, so long as the filibuster rule remains as is, unified Republican opposition can block the bill,\" Ornstein said. \"Right now, all Republicans are opposed. The Democrats could find a way to alter the rule, as was done for confirmations, by majority, but right now at least two of their own won't agree.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "ABC News reporter said \u201cgovernment tried to kill\u201d former President Donald Trump.", "evidence": "ABC News Chief Justice Correspondent Pierre Thomas did not say the \"government tried to kill former President Trump,\" as shortened social media videos claim. In a report that aired July 24 on \"Good Morning America,\" he used the word \"gunman\" several times and named the shooter, Thomas Matthew Crooks, whom the Secret Service killed. FBI Director Christopher Wray said the continuing investigation so far has not found that Crooks had any accomplices in the July 13 assassination attempt against Trump in Butler, Pennsylvania.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "In Afghanistan, \u201cover 100 billion dollars spent on military contracts.\u201d", "evidence": "A Breakdown of U.S. Military Spending in Afghanistan America\u2019s own government watchdog says oversight of the money spent on military efforts in Afghanistan has been poor with hundreds of millions of dollars misspent and corruption rife The U.S. and NATO have promised to pay $4 billion a year until 2024 to finance Afghanistan\u2019s military and security forces, which are struggling to contain an advancing Taliban. Already, the U.S. has spent nearly $89 billion over the past 20 years to build, equip and train Afghan forces.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cNew Haven, Conn., had to issue bonds for a bridge after using funds for that bridge to pay for a police misconduct settlement.\"", "evidence": "NEW HAVEN, Conn. -- The bridge that connects West Haven and New Haven at Kimberly Avenue will be known as Officer Robert Vincent Fumiatti Memorial Bridge in honor of the New Haven cop who died in 2007 from complications after being shot in 2002. Police union official Jeffrey Matchett said it's hard to think of a more fitting tribute to Fumiatti since the bridge links his hometown of West Haven with New Haven, which is where he worked. [...] The bridge dedication was in part work of members of the New Haven and West Haven delegations at the state legislature, said state Rep. Stephen Dargan, D-West Haven. Council 15 had approached him and others with the idea.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says Taylor Swift \u201cannounced a fund raising concert with Beyonc\u00e9 in support of Harris\u201d on July 23.", "evidence": "A recent report about Taylor Swift and Beyonc\u00e9 joining forces to host a fundraising concert in support of VP Kamala Harris for the 2024 Presidential run went viral online. The news was published on UK Discoverer on July 23 after Joe Biden stepped down from the Democratic Presidential race and endorsed Harris to be the Presidential nominee, on July 21. [...] Ariana Grande, Kendrick Lamar, Billie Eilish, and Jay-Z were reported to be among the other artistes to grace the fundraising concert, as stated by UK Discoverer. The website claimed, Taylor and Beyonc\u00e9 issued a joint statement addressing the alleged upcoming concert: [...] Fans were really excited after UK Discoverer's article about Taylor Swift and Beyonc\u00e9's fundraising concert circulated online. Some believed the news and were looking forward to the show. Unfortunately, there will not be any joint concert.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz signed a law that would \u201ctake children away from their parents if the parents don\u2019t want to consent to sex changes.\u201d", "evidence": "Asher Nguyen, a 6-year-old trans girl, looks up at her brother right before Gov. Tim Walz signed an executive order to protect access to gender-affirming care in Minnesota. Her father, Hao Nguyen, testified for the Trans Refuge Bill and spoke at the executive order signing. Photo by Grace Deng/Minnesota Reformer. [...] Gov. Tim Walz signed an executive order Wednesday barring Minnesota\u2019s agencies from cooperating with other states seeking to prosecute people for traveling for gender-affirming care in Minnesota. At the signing, he called on the Legislature to add additional protections by passing the Trans Refuge Bill. He said he would even travel to other states and use his platform to advertise Minnesota as a welcoming place. [...] \"HF146 takes away custody from parents or guardians who deny their children access to gender-affirming health care,\" said Rebecca Delahunt, assistant director of public policy for the Minnesota Family Council.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "My 2018 election was the first time Speaker Robin Vos has lost a Republican-held seat", "evidence": "Robin Joseph Vos (born July 5, 1968) is an American businessman and Republican politician and the 79th speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly, serving in that role since 2013. He has been a member of the Assembly since 2005,[1] representing most of the southern half of Racine County.[2] Vos was also president of the National Conference of State Legislatures.[3] [...] Vos has been described as having a significant role in obstructing Governor Tony Evers.[4] After Evers, the Democratic nominee, won the 2018 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, defeating incumbent governor Scott Walker, Vos was the first public official to propose curbing the incoming governor's powers.[6] He claimed it was to restore a balance of power between the governor and the legislature, despite having previously voted to expand gubernatorial power.[37][38] Vos also said the changes were intended to lock in laws passed by Republicans and to prevent the incoming Democratic administration from fulfilling its campaign pledges, particularly a pledge to withdraw Wisconsin from a lawsuit seeking to overturn the federal Affordable Care Act.[39] The Republican-led legislature was called into a December lame duck session and passed laws decreasing the powers of the incoming governor, limiting early voting, and giving the legislature more control. Walker then signed the bills.[40]", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There is \u201c$500 billion of unspent COVID money\u201d that can be rescinded.", "evidence": "WASHINGTON \u2014 There\u2019s no Republican plan, let alone a bill, to resolve the debt ceiling problem. But some GOP lawmakers are floating one idea to include in a package: rescinding approved but unspent Covid relief funds. Taking back the unused pandemic response money \"certainly could\" be in a debt ceiling measure to avert default, Rep. Tom Cole, R-Okla., the chair of the powerful Rules Committee, said. [...] House Republican aides point to government estimates showing $4.61 trillion has been authorized in Covid-19 spending, but $4.12 trillion has been spent. That leaves nearly $500 billion in unspent funds, although a portion of that has been \"obligated\" to certain pots of money and may be difficult to return to the U.S. Treasury.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "In Milwaukee, \"The (homicide) rate has nearly doubled in the past two years.\"", "evidence": "Social Media stated on May 30, 2024 in a post: Under federal law, former President Donald Trump\u2019s \"felony convictions mean he can no longer possess guns.\" Bryan Steil stated on November 15, 2022 in Twitter: In Milwaukee, \"The (homicide) rate has nearly doubled in the past two years.\" Everytown for Gun Safety stated on October 10, 2022 in an ad: \"Kari Lake is opposed to red flag laws.\" A Better Wisconsin Together stated on September 12, 2022 in Campaign ad: Says Tim Michels \"opposes closing the loophole that allows domestic abusers to buy guns.\" Levar Stoney stated on June 16, 2022 in a tweet.: \"In Virginia, Black people are eight times (8X) more likely than white people to die of gun homicide.\" Cavalier Johnson stated on April 9, 2022 in TV interview: In a recent year, the Milwaukee Police Department \"collected more guns per capita off the streets than in New York.\" Beth Wessel-Kroeschell stated on January 22, 2021 in public comments: \"86% of Americans and 82% of gun owners support requiring all gun buyers to pass a background check.\" [...] Bryan Steil stated on November 15, 2022 in Twitter: In Milwaukee, \"The (homicide) rate has nearly doubled in the past two years.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe state of Washington has already sent out their ballots\u201d for the 2024 presidential election.", "evidence": "To vote in the next election, you must complete your application by 10/21/2024. You can submit your application: [...] By mail to your county voter registration office, received by 10/21/2024. [...] Deadline Alert: If you plan to vote by mail-in ballot in the 2024 GENERAL ELECTION, your completed application must be received in the county office by 5:00 PM on 10/29/2024. Your voted ballot must be returned by 8:00 PM on 11/05/2024.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Project 2025 would \u201cend Head Start.\u201d", "evidence": "The document is the \"180 Day Playbook\" of a group called Project 2025, and it is the plan of attack \u2013 emphasis on the word \"attack\" \u2013 that people surrounding Donald Trump (e.g. Stephen Miller, Mark Meadows) have put together for what they hope will be second Trump administration. [...] - Eliminating the Head Start program. [...] Amazingly, however, Project 2025 calls for \"phasing\" Title I out of existence and turning the responsibility over to the states. North Carolinians familiar with their General Assembly\u2019s cheapskate approach to funding schools will find that notion laughable.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Former President Jimmy Carter \u201cpassed away Tuesday, July 23, at 01:34 am at his home in Plains, Georgia at the age of 99.\u201d", "evidence": "Former President Jimmy Carter, 99, is mourning the death of his beloved wife, Rosalynn Carter, who died on November 19 at age 96. Rosalynn passed away peacefully with her family by her side in the couple\u2019s hometown of Plains, Georgia, according to a news release from The Carter Center. [...] Jimmy Carter was the 39th president of the United States and served as the nation\u2019s chief executive during a time of serious problems at home and abroad. Carter\u2019s perceived mishandling of these issues led to defeat in his bid for reelection. He later turned to diplomacy and advocacy, founding The Carter Center in 1982 with his late wife, Rosalynn. For these efforts, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2002. Carter is the author of more than 30 books, most recently Faith: A Journey for All. He has been in hospice care since February 2023. [...] A devout Christian, Carter was raised Southern Baptist, though he left the Southern Baptist Convention in 2000 after disagreeing with the denomination\u2019s stances that women shouldn\u2019t be pastors and wives should be subservient to their husbands. He and Rosalynn attend Plains\u2019 Maranatha Baptist Church, which they joined in 1981 and where they were both deacons. A well-known Sunday school teacher, Carter first began teaching Bible lessons while at the Naval Academy and continued throughout his life. Hundreds of people from across the country flocked to his Sunday school services at Maranatha for decades until he stopped teaching in late 2019.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "There are nine states \u201cwhere Biden\u2019s name can\u2019t be removed and no one can be added. That\u2019s over 130 electoral votes in the toilet.\u201d", "evidence": "And so it will be used as a way to sort of acolyte Republicans--but give me a break. No one in their right mind in this country believes that anybody other than Joe Biden is responsible for 9 million people being here illegally. Just like nobody believes in this country that our economy is in better shape for working people because of Joe Biden.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cIran has stockpiled 10 times as much enriched uranium as it had\u201d in 2016.", "evidence": "Under a 2015 agreement, Iran limited its enriched uranium to 202.8 kilograms. Trump withdrew the U.S. from the agreement in 2018. International inspectors say Iran now has 2,105 kilograms of enriched uranium.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Kamala Harris \u201creturned\u201d a $5,000 donation Donald Trump made to her campaign in 2011.", "evidence": "President Trump and his daughter Ivanka both made financial contributions to Kamala Harris\u2019s campaign when she was running for reelection as California\u2019s attorney general before she became a senator \u2014 and, eventually, as of Tuesday, a Democratic vice-presidential candidate. The donations were originally noted by McClatchy DC when Harris was running for president in the Democratic primaries last year. According to campaign-finance records, Donald Trump donated a total of $6,000 to Harris\u2019s attorney-general reelection campaigns in 2011 ($5,000) and 2013 ($1,000). Ivanka Trump gave Harris\u2019s campaign $2,000 in 2014. In 2015, months after the elder Trump began spreading the baseless birther conspiracy theory about President Obama on television, Harris donated the $6,000 to a nonprofit that advocates for Central Americans\u2019 rights, her presidential campaign manager told McClatchy last year. [...] Harris is far from the only Democratic lawmaker to have gotten money from the Trumps. Both have also donated to New York Senator Kirsten Gillibrand\u2019s campaigns and, from Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner, New Jersey senator Cory Booker\u2019s. Donald Trump, who donated mostly to Democrats up until 2011 \u2014 including repeated contributions to the campaigns of Chuck Schumer, Harry Reid, and Hillary Clinton \u2014 has defended his political donations to both Democrats and Republicans, claiming they were strategic moves to buy influence. Most of the Democrats Trump has donated to at the state or federal level have been in the Northeast, with the exception of Harris, Reid, and a few more in other parts of the country.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"(The) top issue for college students is the economy.\"", "evidence": "Polling commissioned by Young America\u2019s Foundation found the economy was a top issue of 38% of college students. Wisconsin pollster Charles Franklin said the polling company is reputable, and the questions were even-handed. Other polls, including the Harvard Youth Poll, found economy was the most important issue to young voters, more than abortion.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Says since he took office, the City of Milwaukee has seen the creation of 7,000 new affordable housing units.", "evidence": "Between 1913 and 1917 Milwaukee, Wisconsin\u2018s population increased by 79,000 people, while the housing stock only increased by about 6,000 units \u2013 resulting in a shortage of 7,000 homes. As early as 1910, Mayor Emil Seidel, the first Socialist mayor of Milwaukee, had run on a platform of expanding the amount of low-income housing within the city. But, with his defeat two years later, the idea never moved forward. It was not until 1918 that Mayor Daniel Webster Hoan would again pursue the idea. This would ultimately lead to the development of the first city funded and planned housing project: Garden Homes. [...] The Housing Commission was a ten-man collective of city employees and Milwaukee businessmen that had two goals. The first was to look at how to alleviate the housing problem in the short term, while the second was to look for long-term solutions for Milwaukee\u2018s affordable housing shortage. After two years of research, the Commission believed they found their answer in a municipally funded and planned cooperative housing development.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe\u2019ve seen an 800% increase in the Swanton sector, which is the part of the northern border that I represent, in illegal crossings.\u201d", "evidence": "The northern border has seen increases in illegal crossings of varying amounts, depending upon the time periods that are compared. One comparison, highlighted by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, shows that there was an 846% increase when a four-month period was compared, year-over-year. Learn more about PolitiFact's fact-checking process and rating system.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe racial wealth gap is the smallest it\u2019s been in 20 years.\u201d", "evidence": "Why did the racial wealth gap fall so quickly? One reason is the effect the Civil War and abolition had on white slaveowners. Enslaved people had been a huge form of wealth \u2014 about 15% of the total wealth of white America in 1860. Hence, their liberation reduced the average wealth of white America, thereby shrinking the racial wealth gap. [...] As inspiring as the story is of an oppressed people embracing freedom and working hard to build a better life for themselves against all odds, it's also important to note that a large part of the reason for the steep decline in the racial wealth gap in these early years reflects some simple math. When one group starts off with basically zero wealth, even tiny gains in wealth look huge. When the denominator (the bottom part of the fraction) of the white-to-Black ratio goes from nothing to something, wealth inequality falls sharply. [...] Despite all the ostensible progress Black Americans made in politics, business, and culture in the mid-to-late 20th and early 21st centuries, the economists find there's been very little progress in closing the average racial wealth gap since 1950. By 1950, the ratio of white-to-Black wealth fell to 7 to 1. Today, it's 6 to 1. For every dollar the average white American has, the average Black American has only about 17 cents. (For those wondering about the median, it's even worse: for every dollar the median white household has, the median Black household has just 10 cents).", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cWhen a basketball player or football or baseball player from another team plays in Wisconsin, that one game's salary, they pay Wisconsin income tax on it. ... So if for some reason we do not have the Brewers in Wisconsin all of those player salaries that generate dollars for the State of Wisconsin go away.\"", "evidence": "Withholding from professional athletes total in the millions every year. In 2022, withholding from Major League Baseball teams alone totaled about $12.4 million In 2022, taxes from visiting pro athletes in baseball, basketball and football topped $50 million.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cPrices have increased over 17% in the last two years.\u201d", "evidence": "The actual rate of increase over two years is lower, at 12%, though that\u2019s still substantial. Johnson ignored that wages have also increased, lessening the burden, although not as much as prices have.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe are No. 1 among all large states in having fully vaccinated teenagers. We are No. 2 in all large states for having fully vaccinated five- to 11- year-olds.\u201d", "evidence": "While uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among 12-17 year-olds has increased over time, parents continue to report a more cautious attitude when it comes to vaccinations for children younger than 12. About a quarter (26%) of parents of children between the ages of 5-11 say they will vaccinate their child \"right away\" once a vaccine is authorized for their age group, as do one in five parents with children under 5. Four in ten parents in each age group say they will \"wait and see\" how the vaccine is working before having their younger child vaccinated. One-quarter say they will \"definitely not\" get their 5-11 year-old vaccinated and three in ten parents say the same about their children under age 5. [...] With some schools around the country already open for the 2021-2022 school year and many others set to open later this month, this Vaccine Monitor report examines parents\u2019 views on vaccines and other protective measures in their children\u2019s schools. We find that while most parents of school-age kids say their children attended school at least partially online during the previous school year, a large majority expect school to happen all or mostly in person during the upcoming school year (87% of parents of 12-17 year-olds and 89% of parents of 5-11 year-olds).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cIf you look at the hospitalizations at Ruby Memorial in West Virginia, and around the country, 90% to 95% of those hospitalized are unvaccinated.\u201d", "evidence": "Ruby Memorial Hospital confirmed that at the time of the remark, about 90% to 95% of those hospitalized for COVID-19 were unvaccinated. Nationally, statistics from the CDC published both before and after her comment broadly support those percentages.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201c2022 was the biggest tourism year ever in West Virginia\u201d", "evidence": "West Virginia, A Must-See Destination for 2022 Lonely Planet has named West Virginia a Top 10 Travel Region for 2022. The state was awarded alongside top global destinations such as Burgundy, France and Shikoku, Japan. Not only was West Virginia in the Top Ten, but it came in at number two! See the full list below and read on to find out what makes this region so special. [...] Lonely Planet says \"2022 is the perfect time to discover West Virginia, a still-uncrowded region with unspoiled mountains and unmistakable heritage where the leisurely tempo of Southern small towns converges with the adrenaline sports that attract adventurers from across the continent.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Milwaukee's Marcus Performing Arts Center \u2013 where 'The Daily Show' had been scheduled \u2013 \u201cwas originally located in the \u2018soft perimeter,\u2019 they called it, security-wise\u201d but \u201cwas shifted, understandably so, to the \u2018hard perimeter.\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "Comedy Central\u2019s hit late-night TV series \"The Daily Show\" will set up shop at the Marcus Performing Arts Center in downtown Milwaukee during the 2024 Republican National Convention, taking place July 15-18. Jon Stewart will be in Milwaukee to host a live broadcast of the show from the Marcus Center on Thursday, July 18, following the convention\u2019s final night of programming. The show will be recorded at the Marcus Center on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, with the Daily Show news team sharing hosting duties those nights, according to a news release. [...] \"The Daily Show\" is doing a full week of shows in Milwaukee during the RNC and Chicago during the 2024 Democratic National Convention (August 19-22) as part of its legacy on-the-ground election coverage, \"Indecision 2024.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says he has issued more pardons than \u201cany Wisconsin governor in contemporary history.\u201d", "evidence": "Press Release: Gov. Evers Grants More Pardons Than Any Governor in Contemporary History State of Wisconsin sent this bulletin at 12/28/2021 07:30 AM CST FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: December 28, 2021 Contact: GovPress@wisconsin.gov Gov. Evers Grants More Pardons Than Any Governor in Contemporary History Governor announces another 30 pardons granted, bringing total to 337 MADISON \u2014 Gov. Tony Evers announced today that he has granted another 30 pardons, bringing his total number of pardons granted to 337 during his first three years in office. Gov. Evers has now granted more pardons during his first three years in office than any governor in contemporary history. \"I\u2019m proud of our work to give a second chance to folks who\u2019ve made amends and paid their debt to society,\" said Gov. Evers. \"These individuals have recognized and acknowledged their past mistakes, and this sends a powerful message of redemption as each of them work to build a brighter, better future for themselves and their communities.\" The Governor\u2019s Pardon Advisory Board heard from applicants virtually on Nov. 12, 2021, and applications that were selected for expedited review or recommended by the Board were forwarded to Gov. Evers for final consideration.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Kamala Harris has adopted the Nazi-rooted phrase \u201cStrength Through Joy\u201d as her campaign slogan.", "evidence": "The early front-runner for Harris\u2019s main slogan appears to be \"We are not going back,\" a phrase she uttered in reference to Trump\u2019s proposed policies and the Project 2025 proposal from the conservative Heritage Foundation \u2014 which Trump has distanced himself from. [...] Another option for Harris\u2019s campaign slogan is \"When we fight, we win,\" which she has said in speeches but also uttered in her first campaign video as she moves to the top of the Democratic Party\u2019s ticket. [...] Two similar phrases, which have both been floated as a slogan, are featured on Harris\u2019s X account header and her campaign website.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe passed 27 bills last year, which is the fewest since the Depression.\u201d", "evidence": "Only 34 bills were passed last year, according to data. [...] The 118th Congress is on track to being one of the least functional sessions ever, with only 34 bills passed since January of last year, the lowest number of bills passed in the first year of a congressional session since the Great Depression, according to congressional records. [...] Some of the 34 bills last year were not controversial, like the one that renamed Veterans Affairs clinics and one that minted a coin commemorating the anniversary of the Marine Corps.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe idea that there\u2019s political violence or violence in America like this is just unheard of.\u201d", "evidence": "This past February, Biden sought to dispel that shadow as he stood before Congress to deliver his State of the Union address. \"There\u2019s no place for political violence in America,\" he said. \"And we must give hate and extremism in any form no safe harbor.\" Biden\u2019s speech was punctuated by jeers and name-calling by Republicans. [...] A generation later, political violence in America unfolds with little organized guidance and is fed by a mishmash of extremist right-wing views. It predates the emergence of Donald Trump, but Trump served as an accelerant. He also made tolerance of political violence a defining trait of his party, whereas in the past, both political parties condemned it. At the height of the Patriot movement, \"there was this fire wall\" between extremist groups and elected officials that protected democratic norms, according to Gallaher. Today, \"the fire wall between these guys and formal politics has melted away.\" Gallaher does not anticipate an outbreak of civil strife in America in a \"classic sense\"\u2014with Blue and Red armies or militias fighting for territory. \"Our extremist groups are nowhere near as organized as they are in other countries.\" [...] Three realities mark the current era of political violence in America as different from what has come before, and make dealing with it much harder. The first\u2014obvious\u2014is the universal access to weaponry, including military-grade weapons.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\"The Trump administration handed out taxpayer dollars to a foreign company. Hundreds of homes and farms were bulldozed, and over $500 million in taxpayer dollars were wasted preparing for Foxconn.\"", "evidence": "That illusion has had real costs. State and local governments spent at least $400 million, largely on land and infrastructure Foxconn will likely never need. Residents were pushed from their homes under threat of eminent domain and dozens of houses bulldozed to clear property Foxconn doesn\u2019t know what to do with. And a recurring cycle of new recruits joined the project, eager to help it succeed, only to become trapped in a mirage. [...] Foxconn, according to two employees, turned to one of the few remaining friendly prospects: the Trump administration. Woo flew to DC to meet with Trump trade adviser Peter Navarro, who suggested Foxconn become a vendor to the US General Services Administration (GSA), the agency that procures products for the federal government, according to an employee with knowledge of the visit. Foxconn named the initiative Project Red, White, and Blue.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "During his tenure as mayor of New York City, \u201cstreet homelessness decreased by 28 percent.\u201d", "evidence": "Most New Yorkers I talk to do not know this. They say they thought there were fewer homeless people than before, because they see fewer of them. In fact, during the twelve years of the Bloomberg administration, the number of homeless people has gone through the roof they do not have. There are now two hundred and thirty-six homeless shelters in the city. Imagine Yankee Stadium almost four-fifths full of homeless families; about eighteen thousand adults in families in New York City were homeless as of January, 2013, and more than twenty-one thousand children. The C.F.H. says that during Bloomberg\u2019s twelve years the number of homeless families went up by seventy-three per cent. One child out of every hundred children in the city is homeless.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The GOP-controlled Legislature has \"refused to act on at least 150\" appointees of Gov. Tony Evers.", "evidence": "Chris Larson stated on September 10, 2021 in Twitter: The GOP-controlled Legislature has \"refused to act on at least 150\" appointees of Gov. Tony Evers. Tim Kaine stated on May 24, 2021 in an op-ed on CNBC: \"New Haven, Conn., had to issue bonds for a bridge after using funds for that bridge to pay for a police misconduct settlement.\" Cory Booker stated on February 9, 2021 in a statement: \"There is a direct connection between discriminatory policies within the USDA and the enormous land loss we have seen among Black farmers over the past century.\" Chris Larson stated on November 9, 2020 in Twitter: \"Jurisdictions representing about 80% of WI residents have passed referendums or resolutions in favor of fair maps.\" Chris Larson stated on August 24, 2020 in Facebook post: Police are \"20.8 times more likely to kill than be killed by a criminal.\" Planned Parenthood stated on March 4, 2020 in news release: \"If Roe is overturned, Wisconsin has a law on the books that would immediately make abortion a crime.\" [...] Chris Larson stated on September 10, 2021 in Twitter: The GOP-controlled Legislature has \"refused to act on at least 150\" appointees of Gov. Tony Evers.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cWe're having the largest classes of correctional officers we've ever had before.\u201d", "evidence": "With staggering staff vacancy rates plaguing American prisons, state departments of correction are having to recruit and hire thousands of individuals to serve as correctional officers each year. Among these new recruits are individuals with varying backgrounds and experiences, with most previously working in the service and manual labor sectors. [1,2] With so few individuals coming from occupations related to corrections work (e.g., police, military), the majority of newly hired correctional officers have virtually no experience working within the walls of a prison. [3] [...] With the majority of newly hired officers never having been exposed to prison-related work, correctional training academies are positioned to leave a significant imprint on those who will soon work in our nation\u2019s prisons. [3] Beyond preparing officers to carry out their correctional officer roles, training academies also can create a positive correctional culture and climate that could result in greater longevity on the job. [4] However, the results of our recent study found that training academies are failing in this aspect, with fewer rather than more officers expressing they intend to remain on the job long-term after undergoing training. Thus, what can state departments of correction do to rectify this issue?", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "New York is \"leading the nation with the lowest imprisonment rate of any large state\u201d", "evidence": "New York City, by far the largest city in the state, has an imprisonment rate of 185 per 100,000. This is undoubtedly high, but it is much lower than many other cities across the state. The city of Rochester \u2014 the fourth most populous city in the state \u2014 with an incarceration rate of 1,051 per 100,000 city residents, is more than 5 times the rate in New York City. Syracuse \u2014 the fifth most populous city \u2014 has 864 people in state prison per 100,000 city residents, while the city of Albany has an incarceration rate of 917 per 100,000. Other, even smaller cities like Poughkeepsie and Schenectady experience disproportionate incarceration as well.8 [...] The imprisonment rate in Queens County \u2014 121 per 100,000 residents \u2014 is lower than 52 other counties in New York. \u21a9 These five counties are in the top third highest imprisonment rate counties in New York, with incarceration rates ranging from 312 per 100,000 in Montgomery County to 250 per 100,000 in Franklin County. \u21a9", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cRight now, two-thirds of the U.S. Senate is composed of millionaires.\u201d", "evidence": "Years prior, the court dealt another blow to the law meant to limit the power of wealthy individuals. In 2008's Davis v. FEC, the court struck down the Millionaire's Amendment, which allowed opponents of wealthy self-funding congressional candidates to bypass contribution limits. In recent cycles, self-funding candidates such as Sen. Rick Scott (R-Fla.) and Rep. David Trone (D-Md.) have found success. [...] Eight of the top 10 most expensive Senate races ever occurred after Citizens United with inflation factored in. With $213 million spent \u2014 including $97 million in outside spending \u2014 the hotly contested 2018 Florida Senate race is the most expensive ever. The 2016 Senate battle between Sen. Pat Toomey (R-Pa.) and Democrat Katie McGinty was blanketed by $127 million in outside spending. The candidates spent $53 million. [...] That's in contrast to the record numbers of Americans giving money to political candidates in the most recent presidential and midterm election cycles. High-profile candidates for Congress and the presidency rely on armies of small donors to fund their campaigns. But one check from a wealthy donor, such as 2020 Democratic presidential contender Michael Bloomberg's record $20 million gift to the liberal Senate Majority PAC, could effectively neutralize the efforts of thousands, even millions, of small donors.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "List shows settlements Donald Trump made to 10- to 13-year-old victims of child sex crimes.", "evidence": "When I read about E. Jean Carroll\u2019s victory in her civil case against former President Donald J. Trump, I couldn\u2019t help thinking about a 13-year-old girl who was also raped, allegedly, by both Trump, and the late Jeffrey Epstein. [...] People wondering how Jeffrey Epstein acquired his enormous wealth may find a clue on page 5 of the lawsuit, filed \u2014 and later withdrawn \u2014 by Katie Johnson against Donald Trump and Epstein for allegedly raping her when she was 13 years old.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Kamala Harris \"co-sponsored, fully sponsored\" the Green New Deal.", "evidence": "Donalds told Bream that Harris had \"co-sponsored, fully sponsored this radical Green New Deal, which will cost the American people $100 trillion.\" [...] However, we confirmed through public documentation that Harris did co-sponsor Senate legislation backing the Green New Deal and, to date, still supports the measure\u2019s principles. [...] Rep. Byron Donalds said Harris \"co-sponsored, fully sponsored\" the Green New Deal.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Project 2025 mandates women carry \u201cperiod passports\u201d to \u201ctrack their menstrual cycles\u201d and \u201cmonitor pregnancies.\u201d", "evidence": "In a shocking announcement, Trump\u2019s #Project2025 group proposes the implementation of \"period passports\" for women to track their menstrual cycles. These passports would be mandatory and women would have to present them to police officers during random ID checks to monitor pregnancies. The proposal has sparked outrage and calls for support of Biden-Harris. Stay informed on this controversial development. #WeSupportBidenHarris. BREAKING: Trump\u2019s #Project2025 group says women should be mandated to carry \"period passports\" that track their menstrual cycles and must be kept up to date, and women must present these to police officers during random ID checks to monitor pregnancies.#WeSupportBidenHarris \u2014 Storm (@StormMage18) July 7, 2024 [...] In a shocking development, Trump\u2019s Project 2025 group has proposed a controversial idea that has sparked outrage across the nation. According to a tweet by Storm (@StormMage18), the group suggests that women should be required to carry \"period passports\" to track their menstrual cycles. These passports would need to be kept up to date and presented to police officers during random ID checks to monitor pregnancies. This proposal has raised concerns about privacy, autonomy, and gender equality.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The Associated Press reported \u201cprosecutors are reconsidering bringing charges against former President Donald J. Trump on child rape and molestation charges.\u201d", "evidence": "Former President Donald Trump is facing dozens of criminal charges and will go on trial several times in the next 18 months. [...] Mr Trump has appeared in court three times already to face other charges and denied them all. [...] Do you have any questions relating to Donald Trump's legal cases?", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "C-sections are coded as abortions in hospitals.", "evidence": "Abortion codes (for exclusion)", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Under Joe Biden, there are \u201crecord numbers of new Black entrepreneurs\u201d", "evidence": "Truth 1: There are \"record numbers of new Black entrepreneurs\" under Biden\u2019s leadership [...] \"...President Biden\u2019s commitment to Black America. Delivering real results for us. The lowest black unemployment rate in history. Black child poverty cut in half. Record numbers of new Black entrepreneurs,\" the ad narrator said. [...] The ad also stated that America reached \"record numbers of new Black entrepreneurs.\" This claim is also supported by data from the U.S. Census Bureau.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cDisney and Google bought the rights to the first King James Bible.\u201d", "evidence": "This story originated on a satire site.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Texas and Florida have a \u201cbalanced budget\u201d while California is \u201cin debt $54 billion and New York is \u201cin debt $6.1 billion.\u201d", "evidence": "Your Texas lawmakers are required \u2014 per the state\u2019s constitution \u2014 to pass a balanced budget. They can spend any amount of the surplus before the 2022-23 biennium ends Aug. 31, or they can add all or part of it into the 2024-25 budget. Or they can do nothing with it at all. Exactly how they decide to use this enormous windfall is now the central conversation before the Texas Legislature. [...] Texas\u2019 $32.7 billion surplus is about the size of the budget of South Carolina. It\u2019s larger than the budgets of 24 states. Texas\u2019 overall budget is the third biggest after California and New York, and followed by Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Florida, according to a 2022 survey conducted by the National Association of State Budget Officers.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Says Joe Biden \u201chas issued more executive fiats than anyone in such a short period of time, ever, more than Obama, more than Trump, more than anyone.\u201d", "evidence": "The total number of presidential directives signed by Biden during his first two days in office is greater than the number signed by Trump and Obama over the same period. The available record before FDR isn\u2019t complete enough to definitively say whether Rubio is also right about all presidents, but experts said it\u2019s likely that his claim still holds. It\u2019s worth noting that Biden issued multiple orders directed at a specific issue that\u2019s actively affecting the entire nation: the coronavirus pandemic.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"For 18 months under President Trump, not a single American was harmed in Afghanistan.\u201d", "evidence": "A July 2 Instagram post by conservative activist Brigitte Gabriel said, \"For 18 months under President Trump, not a single American was harmed in Afghanistan.\" The Instagram post included a video clip from \"The Sage Steele Podcast,\" in which U.S. Rep. Wesley Hunt, R-Texas, told a story about Trump negotiating with Taliban leaders over a U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan. Hunt said Trump threatened a Taliban leader, saying that if he harmed any American, he would kill him, then said, \"Do you know for 18 months, not a single American was killed in Afghanistan?\" [...] So, it\u2019s correct that in an 18-month stretch, no U.S. service members were harmed or died in combat. But Gabriel is incorrect to say Trump was in charge during that period.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cWNBA organizers have officially announced an investigation into the referees in all of Caitlin Clark's games for ignoring all dirty actions by her opponents against her.\u201d", "evidence": "There\u2019s no evidence to support this claim.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cResearch illustrates a clear correlation between vitamin D deficiencies and (higher) COVID-19 mortality rates.\u201d", "evidence": "U.S. Rep. Glenn Grothman touted a correlation between vitamin D deficiencies and COVID-19 deaths, suggesting the supplement may help combat the virus. Early research verifies that correlation, but more work needs to be done. Grothman emphasized that point and didn\u2019t imply vitamin D is a cure for COVID-19.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 returns after 10-year mystery\"", "evidence": "March 8, 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappeared off air traffic control radar. Later evidence signaled it likely crashed into the Indian Ocean. Despite an extensive three-year search, the plane has still not been recovered, but debris confirmed to be part of the plane has been found. The flight has not returned.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Says a 1942 Milwaukee YMCA brochure shows children playing a violent, racist carnival game", "evidence": "Racism? ABC News (June 25, 2020) - Gone with the Wind has returned to HBO unaltered. But viewers will hear about its racist stereotyping before they watch it The Guardian (June 25, 2020) - Food brands are phasing out racist mascots. Will sports teams follow? USA Today (June 25, 2020) - Fact check: Racist carnival game featured in 1942 Milwaukee YMCA brochure Battle Creek Enquirer (June 24, 2020) - 'Aunt Jemima' was given key to Albion in 1964. The character, based on a stereotype, is being retired. TODAY (June 24, 2020) - Here's how American brands are changing after facing racial reckoning New York Post (June 23, 2020) - Restaurant changes name from Savage citing \u2018troubled history\u2019 with term Fox News (June 22, 2020) - Restaurant changes name from Savage, cites 'troubled history' with term Politifact (June 22, 2020) - Says a 1942 Milwaukee YMCA brochure shows children playing a violent, racist carnival game [...] Vice News (March 23, 2018) - A Michigan college basement is home to the nation's biggest collection of racist objects Snopes (February 26, 2018) - Was a Violently Racist Carnival Game Once Popular in America? Traverse City Record Eagle (February 26, 2018) - Minstrel shows continued into the 70s, 60s mainstay", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cR. Kelly has been released from United States of America Federal Prison, Chicago.\u201d", "evidence": "A July 1 Instagram post declares that singer R. Kelly \"is out\" despite a 30-year prison sentence handed down in 2022 after he was convicted in New York of federal racketeering and sex trafficking charges. [...] Chicago Tribune, R. Kelly back in Chicago\u2019s federal jail ahead of trial next month, July 13, 2022 [...] ABC News, R. Kelly released from jail after arrest for outstanding child support payments, March 9, 2019", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Says Republican U.S. Sen. Ron Johnson \u201ccalled climate change \u2018bull----\u2019 during a record heatwave\u201d and \u201craked in over $700k in fossil fuel cash.\u201d", "evidence": "A video from a 2021 event showed Johnson calling climate change \"bull----\" Data shows that Johnson has taken over $750,000 in donations from the oil and gas industry But campaign finance reports show that although the industry has donated a large sum to Johnson, other industries are by far larger donors", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"President Zelenskyy\u2019s wife orders 4 million dollar Bugatti\u201d in Paris with U.S. tax money.", "evidence": "A website founded by a former US Marine who now lives in Russia has fuelled a rumour that Volodymyr Zelensky purchased two luxury yachts with American aid money. [...] In October, a widely shared claim on social media stated that President Zelensky's wife spent a fortune on jewellery in New York while the Ukrainian president was in the city speaking to the United Nations. [...] The woman showed a receipt dated 22 September, with Mrs Zelensky's name on it and a bill for $1.1m for a bracelet, earrings and a necklace.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The city of San Francisco posted street signs warning that \u201cstolen goods must remain under $950.\u201d", "evidence": "This is no coincidence. Permissive state and local policies and attitudes have signaled to thieves that San Francisco is a perfect \"shopping\" destination: a mecca for organized retail crime. In 2014, a statewide law (Proposition 47) reclassified nonviolent thefts as misdemeanors for stolen goods worth less than $950. California\u2019s property crime immediately spiked from below the national average to above it and has continued to grow. And San Francisco, as of 2019, had twice the property-crime rate per resident \u2014 1 in 18 \u2014 as the rest of California; not to mention that San Francisco\u2019s rate of violent crime per resident is 50 percent above California\u2019s. [...] These same patterns are afoot here in New York City, where crooks travel from The Bronx, where Duane Reade stores (a subsidiary of Walgreens) are manned by armed guards, to the easy pickings of less-secured Upper West Side locations. As in Frisco, Gotham\u2019s shoplifters steal whatever they can fence. They include ice-cream nabbers, who clear out shelves of H\u00e4agen-Dazs cartons to resell to bodegas and individuals for whatever profit they can turn.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"86% of Americans and 82% of gun owners support requiring all gun buyers to pass a background check.\"", "evidence": "Gun owners and non-owners are also deeply divided on several gun policy proposals, but there is agreement on some restrictions, such as preventing those with mental illnesses and those on federal watch lists from buying guns. Among gun owners, there is a diversity of views on gun policy, driven in large part by party affiliation. [...] Solid majorities of both gun owners and non-owners favor limiting access to guns for people with mental illnesses and individuals who are on the federal no-fly or watch lists (82% or higher favor among each group). In addition, strong majorities favor background checks for private sales and at gun shows (77% among gun owners and 87% among non-owners). The groups are more divided when it comes to three other policy proposals: creating a federal database to track gun sales; banning assault-style weapons; and banning high-capacity magazines. Even so, significant shares of gun owners are open to these proposals. Roughly half of gun owners (54%) say they would favor creating a federal database, and 48% favor a ban on assault weapons. Some 44% of gun owners favor banning high-capacity magazines. Support for these proposals is much higher among non-gun owners, with about three-quarters or more saying they would support each of these proposals.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe weapons that Ukraine used in the early days of this war to fend off the Russian invasion are the weapons that Donald Trump sent, that Barack Obama and Joe Biden had refused to send.\u201d", "evidence": "Fact check: Did Trump send Ukraine weapons that Obama and Biden withheld? [...] Cotton said that Trump provided \"the weapons that Ukraine used in the early days of this war.\" Russia\u2019s invasion started in February 2022 when Biden was president. [...] Ultimately, both the Trump and Biden administrations sent Ukraine \"weapon systems that helped during the 2022 invasion,\" Janda said.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\u201cNew York is one of only 12 states where the average gallon of gas costs more than $2.00.\u201d", "evidence": "That\u2019s because New York is one of only 12 states where the average gallon of gas costs more than $2.00, according to numbers provided by the AAA of Western and Central New York. [...] In New York State, it's $2.18 per gallon, compared to $2.96 a year ago. [...] That's right: she said higher gas prices are just a reality for motorists living in the Empire State. New Yorkers pay $0.65 in taxes for every gallon of gas they buy, and more than $0.45 are state taxes.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Chiefs' Coach Andy Reid \"fires 3 top players for anthem kneeling.\"", "evidence": "Kansas City Chiefs\u2019 Coach Andy Reid didn\u2019t boot his top three players for anthem kneeling [...] \"Chiefs' Coach Andy Reid draws line, fires 3 top players for anthem kneeling,\" said a June 24 Facebook post. [...] SpaceXMania, \"Chiefs\u2019 Coach Andy Reid Draws Line, Fires 3 Top Players For Anthem Kneeling: \u2018Stand for the Game, Not Against the Anthem,\u2019\" February 10, 2024", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cIt wasn\u2019t all women that lost jobs (in the December jobs report), it was mostly Black and Latina women. In fact, white women gained employment.\u201d", "evidence": "Black women are more likely than white women to report that their concerns and preferences regarding birth were disregarded; women with Medicaid coverage reported inadequate postpartum care and support. [...] Compared with white women, non-Hispanic Black women were more likely to report: [...] As these findings illustrate, different women have different experiences with maternity care, childbirth, and parenting. For example, both Black women and those with Medicaid coverage were less likely than white women and those with private health coverage to say they had autonomy about childbirth decisions and were treated with respect by their providers.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "A jury \u201cordered Disney and Lucasfilm to pay\u201d actor Gina Carano $115 million.", "evidence": "FACT CHECK: Did Gina Carano Win $115 Million In Court Case Against Disney? A post shared on social media purports that actress Gina Carano was awarded $115 million in a court case against Disney. [...] The caption reads, \"A Hollywood jury has ordered Disney and Lucasfilm to pay Gina Carano $115 million over Mandalorian firing.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Florida has \u201cthe highest\u201d homeowners insurance in the nation.", "evidence": "The industry-funded Insurance Information Institute found that Floridians pay the highest average home insurance premium at $6,000 a year for 2023. Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis has signed many bills that aim to reduce litigation and fraud, a driver of high insurance premiums. Industry experts hope the new laws will lead to lower premiums, but that will take time. Hurricane-prone Florida will continue to face high costs.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "CNN's David Chalian referred to Michelle Obama as \"Big Mike\" on air during presidential debate coverage.", "evidence": "David Chalian did not mention Michelle Obama. CNN told PolitiFact that this video was digitally altered with fake audio. In the original June 27 video clip, Chalian discussed the results of CNN polls conducted prior to the debate.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cToday in America, 1 in 3 women of reproductive age live in a state with an abortion ban.\u201d", "evidence": "If Roe v. Wade is overturned, 1 in 3 women of reproductive age \u2014 more than 25 million women \u2014 would be living in states without abortion access. Banning abortion care will not stop abortion \u2014 it will stop safe, legal abortion care. And the cost will be women\u2019s lives. We are in a state of emergency for women\u2019s health. Barriers to reproductive care will only worsen health outcomes and exacerbate disparities and inequities. Fighting to make sure women have access to reproductive health care is more important than ever. No Abortion Bans: Not Now, Not Ever [...] Banned abortion from the time a woman is \"known to be pregnant\"; no exceptions for rape and incest state could investigate women for miscarriages most punitive ban signed since Roe was decided, charging doctors with a Class A felony and up to 99 years in prison highest cervical cancer mortality rate in the U.S.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cTwo-thirds of Americans disapprove of Donald Trump not wearing a face mask in public.\u201d", "evidence": "\"Two thirds of Americans disapprove of Donald Trump not wearing a face mask in public, and the vast majority supports elected officials being required to wear masks in government buildings,\" Jackson tweeted. [...] When we reached out to Jackson, he cited an online survey of 1,012 people by Navigator Research, a pollster that works with Democratic and progressive clients. Their poll question asked, \"Do you approve or disapprove of Donald Trump\u2019s decision NOT to wear a face mask while in public?\" [...] Jackson said \"two-thirds of Americans disapprove of Donald Trump not wearing a face mask in public and the vast majority supports elected officials being required to wear masks in government buildings.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cYou\u2019ve raised a lot more money than I have, Bernie.\u201d", "evidence": "Sanders had raised roughly $71 million more than Biden through early March, taking account of both money raised by the candidates\u2019 campaigns and by outside groups supporting the candidate. Combined, Sanders and his allied groups have raised more than $180 million, compared with $109 million for Biden and his allied groups. Sanders does have an edge in \"small-dollar\" donations \u2014 those below $200. About 55% of Sanders\u2019 money was raised that way, compared with 36% for Biden.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"Hospitals murdered patients\u201d with remdesivir, a drug banned from Ebola trials because of \u201c53% kill rate.\u201d", "evidence": "A poison is a substance that can cause death or injury. Remdesivir is a drug that has a documented death rate of 53.1%, among many other adverse effects such as kidney and liver damage. [...] On 22 May 2020 Drugs In Context (DIC) published a report titled\"The journey of remdesivir: from Ebola to COVID-19\". The report was completed on 14 April 2020. The report outlines results of four drugs trialled to treat ebola. Remdesivir resulted in the highest death rate of the four drugs, with a death rate of 53.1%. [...] NIAID was involved in, and provided funding for, the ebola drug trials, and as such was aware of the 53% dealth rate of remdesivir.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "In COVID-19 crisis, \u201conly 20% of African Americans had jobs where they could work from home.\u201d", "evidence": "Black Americans continue to be overrepresented in the lowest-paying service and domestic occupations, including taxi drivers and chauffeurs, food servers, and maids and house cleaners [7]. In such works, face-to-face contact with the public is required and social distancing is difficult to maintain. Nor do these jobs permit working from home, denying disproportionately more African Americans opportunities for the social distancing considered essential to mitigating risk [36]. Those who would voluntarily abandon work to reduce exposure to COVID-19 are sometimes denied the opportunity to do so. African Americans\u2019 occupations render them more likely to be considered \"essential workers,\" including grocery store, food service, health care, and courier workers, and they continue to perform their vocations in an environment of greater risk [37]. A recent study demonstrated that African Americans who were at high risk for severe illness for 1.6 time more likely than whites to live in households containing health-sector workers, and 56.5% of Black adults at high risk live in households were at least one worker is unable to work from home, compared to only 46.6% among whites [38]. If these workers become ill, they are less likely to have paid sick leave [39]. The Family First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA) attempted to redress the problem by bringing paid sick leave to those previously without it, but exemptions greatly restricted the scope of new coverage [40]. Thus, COVID-19 capitalizes on the lack of work flexibility and control over working conditions to illuminate a previously neglected source of health-related risk [36].", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The atmospheric residency time of carbon dioxide is five years and it is quickly sequestered into plants, marine life, oceans and sediments.", "evidence": "Misleading: The residence time of a molecule of CO2 is not the same as the length of time that human-caused emissions keep the amount in the atmosphere elevated.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "El Ni\u00f1o drove record highs in global temperatures suggesting rise may not be down to man-made emissions.", "evidence": "Warming greater than the global average has already been experienced in many regions and seasons, with higher average warming over land than over the ocean (high confidence). Most land regions are experiencing greater warming than the global average, while most ocean regions are warming at a slower rate. Depending on the temperature dataset considered, 20\u201340% of the global human population live in regions that, by the decade 2006\u20132015, had already experienced warming of more than 1.5\u00b0C above pre-industrial in at least one season (medium confidence). {1.2.1, 1.2.2} Past emissions alone are unlikely to raise global-mean temperature to 1.5\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels (medium confidence), but past emissions do commit to other changes, such as further sea level rise (high confidence). If all anthropogenic emissions (including aerosol-related) were reduced to zero immediately, any further warming beyond the 1\u00b0C already experienced would likely be less than 0.5\u00b0C over the next two to three decades (high confidence), and likely less than 0.5\u00b0C on a century time scale (medium confidence), due to the opposing effects of different climate processes and drivers. A warming greater than 1.5\u00b0C is therefore not geophysically unavoidable: whether it will occur depends on future rates of emission reductions. {1.2.3, 1.2.4}", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Harvard study finds that wind turbines create MORE global warming than the fossil fuels they eliminate", "evidence": "The study, which looked at just the United States, said that the turbines would cause more warming in the short term this century than the carbon dioxide America spews into the atmosphere would. [...] Wind advocates emphasized that the Harvard study doesn\u2019t show turbines causing global warming, just local heating. [...] \"The climate effect of burning fossil fuels is cumulative,\" Caldeira said in an email. \"The longer you run a coal plant, the worse the climate change gets. In contrast, the climate effect of wind turbines is what it is. You build the wind turbine. Climate is affected. But as long as you run the wind turbine, the climate change doesn\u2019t get any worse. So in the long run, as far as the climate is concerned, wind turbines are obviously better than fossil fuels.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A windmill could spin until it falls apart and never generate as much energy as was invested in building it.", "evidence": "A book co-edited by Thomas Homer-Dixon contained a passage stating that windmills \"might never generate as much energy as was invested in building [them].\" This passage was written by David Hughes. [...] In August 2015, a meme posted to the Google+ group \"The Secret Society of Anti-AGW-ACC Cultism,\" an organization that claims climate change is a hoax, reproduced the words allegedly written by Thomas Homer-Dixon, the Associate Director of the Waterloo Institute for Complexity and Innovation, on the subject of windmills. As his statements were presented in that meme, Homer-Dixon appeared to have asserted that windmills never produce as much energy as is expended in building them: [...] Hughes did write that some windmills might not recoup their energy-construction costs, but he didn't assert, as the meme implied, that no windmills will ever generate as much energy as was invested in building them. In fact, he allowed that a windmill situated at a good location could pay back the energy costs of creating it in under three years, but that aspect was omitted from the memed version of his quote:", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Blood pressure tracking apps can replace a cuff", "evidence": "CES 2019: Scientists have developed a blood pressure monitoring app to replace the 100-year-old cuff [...] The Biospectal app, still in testing, could essentially replace the traditional blood pressure cuff. [...] The Biospectal health app wants to replace the blood pressure cuff by letting users take a scientific measurement by putting their finger on their smartphone camera.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Autism and vaccination decreased over the same time period among high-income white households from California, indicating a possible causal relationship", "evidence": "Incorrect: The claim\u2019s implication that reducing childhood vaccination is causally related to a fall in autism prevalence contradicts the wealth of studies that have shown vaccines don\u2019t cause autism. Inadequate support: The claim didn\u2019t provide data showing a decline in vaccination among high-income white families of California. The scientific study cited as supporting evidence in the claim doesn\u2019t contain data related to vaccine coverage either.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Peanut allergies are caused by the peanut oil in vaccines", "evidence": "Factually inaccurate: Peanut oil isn\u2019t an ingredient in vaccines. Risk factors for peanut allergies are unclear, but are commonly linked to age, genetics, and history of other allergies\u2014not consumption of peanut oil. [...] The reel claimed that people are \"having peanut allergies because they\u2019ve been jabbed with peanut oil\", drawing an implicit link between the alleged addition of peanut oil to certain vaccines in 1961 and a subsequent rise in peanut allergies since that time. [...] Peanut oil was only briefly tested as an adjuvant ingredient in vaccines in the 1960s. It was never approved as an ingredient for public use in vaccines and isn\u2019t an ingredient in vaccines today. Further, there isn\u2019t evidence to support that peanut oil causes peanut allergies; rather, risk for peanut allergy may instead be linked to factors like age, genetics, and other allergies.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "If masks were effective and necessary, non-mask wearers should be dead by now", "evidence": "Flawed reasoning: The claim implies that masks are ineffective or useless against COVID-19, otherwise non-mask wearers should be dead. However, protective equipment can be recommended or necessary even against diseases that are not systematically deadly. The claim also forgets to consider that the use of masks reduces the propagation of the virus among the population and thus indirectly limits the risk of exposure of non-mask wearers. [...] In August 2020, a post circulating on social media, which received millions of views, questioned how people who are not wearing face masks in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic have still remained alive. Using the rhetorical technique of \"just asking questions\", this claim suggests that masks are ineffective or useless against COVID-19. This reasoning is based on the premise that a protective device is only efficient and necessary if 100% of people not using it dies. Such logic is actually flawed and inconsistent with the available knowledge about the disease. [...] Altogether, this shows that being exposed to SARS-CoV-2 does not give a 100% chance of getting infected, and getting infected does not always result in death. Therefore, it is well within expectations that most people who do not wear masks are still alive, and this cannot be used to make conclusions about the usefulness or efficiency of masks.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cBill Gates\u2019 shoddily-hastened vaccine has been determined to make all animal test subjects get COVID-19 when exposed to the virus\u201c", "evidence": "Bill Gates owns the patent and vaccine for coronavirus. [...] \"Isn\u2019t it Amazing that Bill Gates Owns The Patent For Coronavirus and Owns The Vaccine. He is also A Partner n [sic] the Lab In Wuhan China\" [...] There is not yet an effective Covid-19 vaccine, although trials of potential vaccines are ongoing. So neither Bill Gates nor the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation own the patent for a Covid-19 vaccine.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cVitamin D3 is radiated sheep\u2019s wool mixed with chloroform\u201d, \u201cVitamin D3 IS RAT POISON !!\u201d, \u201cD levels are low because of lack of light and high vitamin A diets.\u201d", "evidence": "A Facebook reel posted in May 2024 referred to vitamin D3 supplements as \"rat poison\", calling them \"radiated sheep\u2019s wool mixed with chloroform\". It also asserted that vitamin D levels are only low due to lack of sunlight and \"high vitamin A diets\" and that only vitamin D3 from the sun is safe. The reel was viewed more than 403,000 times at the time of writing. [...] Vitamin D3 supplements aren\u2019t \"radiated sheep\u2019s wool mixed with chloroform\" [...] Torrens\u2019 description of vitamin D3 supplements as \"radiated sheep\u2019s wool and chloroform\" is inaccurate. The process of artificially synthesizing vitamin D3 parallels the process that occurs in the human body upon exposure to sunlight. Specifically, it involves UV irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol derived from lanolin\u2014a waxy substance extracted from sheep wool. Lanolin is also used in creams to treat skin irritation due to breastfeeding. Neither sheep wool nor chloroform are ingredients in artificial vitamin D3.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThere is a huge boom in cancer, especially in female breast cancer in the younger ages of 45 and below.\u201d", "evidence": "Official figures for breast cancer cases in 2022 aren\u2019t yet available. However, there is no reason to believe that they will have almost doubled. This claim came from misinterpreting projections that were not comparable to years before 2022. The COVID-19 vaccines have been extensively studied, and there\u2019s no reliable evidence that they increase cancer risk.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "5G at 60 GHz \u201cstops the human body and blood absorbing oxygen\u201d; this is what doctors are describing in COVID-19 cases", "evidence": "Incorrect: 5G doesn\u2019t currently use frequencies at 60 GHz, meaning that it cannot be responsible for any observed changes in human health. The electromagnetic frequencies used in 5G don\u2019t deprive the body of oxygen. On the contrary, it is oxygen that absorbs the energy from electromagnetic waves, causing these waves to progressively lose energy with distance. [...] In March 2022, a Facebook reel originating from TikTok that featured conspiracy theorist and former football player David Icke went viral. In it, Icke wrongly claimed that the 60 GHz frequency of 5G \"stops the human body and blood absorbing oxygen\", an outcome compatible with COVID-19 symptoms. The video received more than 455,000 views on Facebook and 345,000 on TikTok. Other iterations of the same claim also appeared on TikTok. [...] The specific claim that 5G radiation blocks oxygen uptake by the blood and the lungs has no scientific basis and is incorrect, as this review will explain. In fact, the claim has been debunked before by fact-checking organizations.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth\u2019s atmosphere has climbed to a level last seen more than 3 million years ago \u2014 before humans even appeared on the rocky ball we call home", "evidence": "The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing several parts per million each year, and has already reached levels not seen since much warmer climates in the geologic past.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Raw manuka honey kills every bacteria scientists throw at it, including antibiotic-resistant superbugs", "evidence": "This Type of Raw Honey Kills Every Kind of Bacteria, Even Super-Bugs! [...] Manuka Honey Kills MRSA & Other Superbugs: [...] The most exciting difference with the manuka honey that was tested, is that none of superbugs killed by the honey were able to build up an immunity against the honey, which is a common problem with today\u2019s antibiotics.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201csunscreen and then skin cancer, it's a direct correlation\u201d; wearing sunglasses increases the risk of sunburn; sunscreen reduces vitamin D production", "evidence": "It\u2019s also perfectly fine to wear a hat and sunglasses to protect your face and eyes while exposing other parts of your body. Since the head is a small part of the body, it will only produce a small amount of vitamin D. [...] In fact, some studies estimate that sunscreen of SPF 30 or more reduces vitamin D production in the body by about 95\u201398% ( [...] SummaryIn theory, wearing sunscreen may reduce the ability to produce vitamin D, but short-term studies have shown it has little or no impact on blood levels. That said, it\u2019s unclear whether frequently wearing sunscreen reduces your vitamin D levels in the long term.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "CO2 is not a greenhouse gas.", "evidence": "Over time, scientists began to develop a more nuanced view of how gases form and act. Not all gases on Earth are greenhouse gases. The amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere depends on sources (natural and man-made processes that produce them) and sinks (reactions that remove the gases from the atmosphere). Carbon dioxide is only part of that equation, and only the second most abundant greenhouse gas on Earth. [...] It\u2019s tempting to think that because CO2 has so many counterparts, it\u2019s not worth worrying about. But just because CO2 isn\u2019t the only greenhouse gas doesn't mean it\u2019s not cause for concern. \"A lot of people use [greenhouse gases] to downplay the importance of carbon dioxide,\" says Davis. \"That\u2019s the biggest issue we face.\" Some gases may be more abundant, but none stand alone\u2014and with CO2 rates rising at unprecedented levels, it\u2019s difficult to estimate just how dire the consequences of unchecked emissions of any kind might be.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cNew Study Links Pfizer\u2019s COVID Vaccine to \u2018Turbo Cancer\u2019\u201d", "evidence": "On 13 July 2023, the website The Florida Standard published an article carrying the headline \"New Study Links Pfizer\u2019s COVID Vaccine to \u2018Turbo Cancer\u2019\". Screenshots of the article\u2019s headline circulated on social media in July 2023, with some users implying that this showed COVID-19 vaccines are unsafe like in this Instagram post. The claim is based on a study published in the journal Frontiers in Oncology in May 2023. [...] In summary, claims that a mouse study by Eens et al. shows COVID-19 vaccination causes \"turbo cancer\" misinterpret the study\u2019s findings and fail to understand its limitations. The Florida Standard article distorted the conclusions of the study by claiming it showed a \"link to \u2018turbo cancer\u2019\", incorrectly lending readers the impression that the study was relevant to humans. In fact, the study used a vaccine dose that was several hundreds of times greater than the human dose\u2014in short, a dose that is irrelevant to vaccination. The mouse that died of lymphoma also showed signs of illness even before it received the vaccine dose, therefore it is doubtful that the vaccination played a role in causing the lymphoma. Taken together, the study provides no evidence supporting the alleged \"link to \u2018turbo cancer\u2019\", and by claiming otherwise, the Florida Standard article misrepresented the study.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Best available data show sea-level rise is not accelerating. Local and regional sea levels continue to exhibit typical natural variability\u2014in some places rising and in others falling.", "evidence": "Although sea level is rising globally, in some places it is rising more quickly than others, and in some places, sea level is even falling. This type of local- and regional-scale sea level change is what is most important when talking about the impacts of sea level on people and communities and how to plan for and manage those impacts. [...] Alaska is a perfect demonstration of variation in regional sea level change: in some places, sea level is rising, and in others it is falling. Along the southern coast of Alaska, the land is rising two-to-four-times faster than the sea thanks to the region's geology (featuring a collision of tectonic plates and glacial rebound, both causing the land to rise). But along the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean, other impacts from climate change are already affecting Alaskan communities in the form of increased storm surges, thawing permafrost, saltwater intrusion and coastal erosion. Furthermore, sea ice is now less protective of the coast because so much of it has melted. The result is that storms are stronger, flooding is more frequent, and coastlines are eroding along parts of Alaska's coast.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 is caused by snake venom, not a virus; snake venom is in the COVID-19 vaccines and causes miscarriage", "evidence": "Scientific evidence gathered in different laboratories around the world has established that the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 and getting COVID-19 increases the risk of pregnancy complications, including miscarriage. Studies so far have shown that COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective at reducing the risk of severe disease and don\u2019t increase the risk of negative pregnancy outcomes. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend that pregnant women get vaccinated against COVID-19.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Human-produced carbon might be one of the factors [of climate change], but there\u2019s simply no evidence that it is a significant one.", "evidence": "Human-induced climate change is something that has been happening for many years and Western countries, like the UK, have played a big role in contributing to carbon emissions over the past 200 years. This means that only looking at who the biggest emitters of greenhouse gases are today is an oversimplification of a very nuanced topic. [...] Let\u2019s be clear, CO2 itself does not cause problems. It's part of the natural global ecosystem. The problem is the quantity of CO2 that\u2019s being produced by us as humans; there hasn\u2019t been this level of CO2 in the atmosphere for thee million years.[2] [...] We\u2019re already seeing the devastating effects of climate change on global food supplies, migration, conflict, disease and global instability, which will only get worse if we don\u2019t act now. Human-made climate change is the biggest crisis of our time. It threatens the future of the planet that we depend on for our survival and we're the last generation that can do something about it.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe unvaccinated Amish rarely get cancer, autism, or heart disease.\u201d", "evidence": "The Amish are a group of traditional Christian people with Swiss origins. They rarely receive vaccines, and they rarely come down with diseases like cancer, autism or heart disease. Coincidence? Let\u2019s dig deeper and find out. [...] The Amish Opt Out of Vaccines and Rarely Develop Autism [...] The vulnerable central nervous systems of the young Amish are spared the onslaught of this volatile toxin thanks to their parent\u2019s unwillingness to believe unquestioningly what they\u2019re told by authorities. As a result, Amish children rarely experience learning disabilities, as well as common US diseases like cancer, heart disease and diabetes.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Study shows myocarditis from COVID-19 vaccination carries serious risk of death", "evidence": "Claim that myocarditis from COVID-19 vaccines carries serious risk of death is based on flawed study [...] It cited the study\u2019s conclusion stating that \"COVID-19 vaccination is strongly associated with a serious adverse safety signal of myocarditis, particularly in children and young adults resulting in hospitalization and death\". [...] Multiple published studies have shown that the clinical course of COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis is mild for the majority, and contrary to the claims by Rose et al. and The Blaze, don\u2019t entail serious risks of hospitalization and death. Studies have also shown that it is COVID-19\u2014not COVID-19 vaccines\u2014that is associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases and other complications. Reliable scientific studies show that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the risks.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Vaccine killed 3.5X more Americans than COVID virus", "evidence": "To date, there have been more than 1.1 million COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective at reducing the risk of severe disease and deathWhile the COVID-19 vaccines have been linked to potentially serious side effects, such as a particular blood clotting disorder and myocarditis, the risk of blood clots and heart inflammation is higher after COVID-19 than after the vaccines. Overall, the benefits of the COVID-19 vaccines outweigh their risks.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cMask study published by NIH suggests N95 Covid masks may expose wearers to dangerous level of toxic compounds linked to seizures and cancer\u201d", "evidence": "Mask study published by NIH suggests N95 Covid masks may expose wearers to dangerous level of toxic compounds linked to seizures and cancer - A study published in April found disposable masks can have toxic chemicals - Experts said this could make newly instated mask mandates ineffective - READ MORE: Mask mania sweeps America...AGAIN [...] But a study quietly re-shared by the National Institutes of Health in spring suggests the tight-fitting mask may expose users to dangerous levels of toxic chemicals. [...] A study published in April found that several disposable masks contain more than eight times the US recommended limit of toxic volatile organic compounds (TVOCs)", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Pfizer documents confirm that mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations contain graphene oxide", "evidence": "There is no graphene oxide in any part of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. The Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccines do not contain any graphene oxide. The ingredient list for both vaccines have been published and tested by outside parties. They were not found to contain any graphene oxide in their formulas, including their lipid nanoparticles. [...] No WHO authorized vaccines produced by Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, CanSino, Sinovac, Sputnik V, or Janssen contain graphene oxide. The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine has not yet published a list of its ingredients in a peer-reviewed or open access publication.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cCOVID Vaccines Were Never Safe for Pregnant Women, Pfizer\u2019s own data show\u201d", "evidence": "Covid vaccines safe in pregnancy, data shows - Published The UK's Health Security Agency says its analysis, external of English data shows Covid vaccines are safe in pregnancy, reinforcing international evidence. [...] \"Every pregnant woman who has not yet been vaccinated should feel confident to go and get the jab and that this will help to prevent the serious consequences of catching Covid in pregnancy,\" she said.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Red Bull contain cocaine and buprenorphine", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: \"Red Bull's got a positive on buprenorphine, which is a toxin, and cocaine. So that's what we're putting in our bodies when we drink Red Bull\" [...] The video showed two people using a saliva drug test on liquid poured from a can of Red Bull, a popular energy drink. The test showed a positive result for the stimulant cocaine and for buprenorphine, a synthetic opioid used to treat opioid dependency. The voices in the video then claimed, \"So that\u2019s what we\u2019re putting in our bodies when we drink Red Bull\", implying that the beverage contained these two drugs. In 2019 and 2020, Snopes and USA Today debunked similar videos claiming that Red Bull and another energy drink called Bang tested positive for various drugs, including methamphetamine, oxycodone, buprenorphine, and ecstasy using a drug urine test.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The pandemic was planned; respiratory illness surge in New York and China isn\u2019t airborne but due to chlorine and benzene in food and water", "evidence": "Characterization of respiratory illness surge (April-June 2021) post-COVID-19 lockdown - PMID: 34914208 - DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25792 Characterization of respiratory illness surge (April-June 2021) post-COVID-19 lockdown", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "New England Journal of Medicine \u201cproves\u201d 80% miscarriage rate among vaccinated women; COVID-19 vaccines harm men\u2019s and women\u2019s fertility", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: New England Journal of Medicine \"proves\" 80% miscarriage rate among vaccinated women; Many women \"will never be able to get pregnant because they had that shot\"; \"The sperm of inoculated men does not swim. The eggs of inoculated women do not grow into embryos\" [...] Northrup\u2019s speech supposedly provided evidence that COVID-19 vaccines harm fertility, particularly in women. However, the data that Northrup cited doesn\u2019t support her claim, as they don\u2019t come from reliable scientific studies but from partial analyses with many critical flaws, as we will explain below. [...] Claims that COVID-19 vaccines cause fertility and pregnancy problems are unsubstantiated and contradict the available evidence. Published studies so far show that COVID-19 vaccines are safe for pregnant women and not associated with pregnancy complications or infertility in men or women. It is COVID-19 itself that increases the risk of pregnancy complications and poses a risk to both the mother and the baby. Contrary to these claims, COVID-19 vaccination helps reduce the risk of harm to the mother and baby.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Queensland Health Researchers find that long COVID doesn\u2019t exist", "evidence": "The Honourable Yvette D'Ath - New research by Queensland Health suggests vaccination could reduce incidence of long COVID - The study was completed when 90 per cent of the state\u2019s population was vaccinated against COVID-19 - Patients surveyed 12 weeks post Omicron infection, in Queensland's highly vaccinated population, reported similar incidence of persistent symptoms as patients who had been infected with influenza In the highly vaccinated population of Queensland, long-COVID symptoms may be no more severe than those seen in influenza, according to new research by Queensland Health. [...] FURTHER INFORMATION - Compared the symptoms of COVID-positive cases and those who tested positive to influenza - The results show long-COVID symptoms can occur in other viral illnesses at the same level of severity - The study is specific to Queensland\u2019s highly vaccinated population and ran between June and September 2022 with more than 3,100 participants", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The CDC found a 236% increased risk of autism in African-American boys associated with the MMR vaccine", "evidence": "On 24 August 2014 a CNN iReport claiming intentional suppression of data relating to 340% increased risk of autism among specific populations of African-American boys following MMR vaccinations went viral. The story seemed to disappear mysteriously, further fueling the notion that an intentional coverup was underway. [...] What got lost in the brouhaha over Dr. Thompson's \"confession,\" allegations about a \"cover-up\" at the CDC, and threats of whistleblower lawsuits was what should have been the main point: Did collected data actually prove that the MMR vaccine produces a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys? The answer is no, it did not. [...] For a thorough analysis of the flaws and misinformation associated with the current CDC autism \"cover-up\" conspiracy theory, we recommend the posts on the subject at ScienceBlogs, which note of the claim at the heart of this matter (i.e, allegedly suppressed proof of a 340% increased risk of autism in African-American boys after MMR vaccination) that:", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cNo discernible benefit of covid-19 vaccination in pregnancy\u201d; \u201chigher rate of neonatal and all-cause readmissions among babies born to vaccinated mothers\u201d", "evidence": "Getting COVID-19 while pregnant is associated with a higher risk of developing severe disease and pregnancy complications. Abundant data show that vaccination during pregnancy is safe for the mother and the unborn child and effectively reduces the risks of complications from the disease.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201c\u2026a virus is not the cause of an illness. It\u2019s a necessary cause [\u2026] but it is not the cause.\u201d", "evidence": "Just like other infectious agents, viruses cause disease by disrupting normal cell function. They do this in a variety of ways. Some viruses make repressor proteins that stop the synthesis of the host cell's proteins, RNA, and DNA. Viral activity may weaken cell membranes and lysosomal membranes, leading to cell autolysis. Some viral proteins are toxic to cells, and the body's immune defenses also may kill virus-infected cells. Viruses are classified using a variety of criteria, including shape, size, and type of genome. Among the DNA viruses are the herpes viruses that cause chicken pox, cold sores, and painful genital lesions, and the poxvirus that causes smallpox. Significant RNA viruses that cause human disease include rhinoviruses that cause most common colds; myxoviruses and paramyxoviruses that cause influenza, measles, and mumps; rotaviruses that cause gastroenteritis; and the retroviruses that cause AIDS and several types of cancer.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Each of these ingredients [thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde, sodium deoxycholate] is a known neurotoxin", "evidence": "Incorrect: Neither ovalbumin (the main protein in egg white) nor sodium deoxycholate is neurotoxic, as the article claims. Both substances are generally safe. [...] This article published in Health Nut News, shared more than 120,000 times, was originally published on the website Complete Health and Happiness. The article discusses the purported dangers of ingredients in the flu vaccine. It claims that the flu vaccine contains several \"contaminants\", specifically thimerosal, ovalbumin, formaldehyde and sodium deoxycholate, which it labels as known neurotoxins. [...] The other ingredients mentioned in this article, ovalbumin and sodium deoxycholate, are also not known neurotoxins. Ovalbumin is the main protein found in egg white, which is consumed daily by many people in much greater quantities than is found in the flu vaccine, without any ill effects. It can, in rare cases, trigger an allergic reaction, not unlike other food allergies (e.g. peanuts, shellfish).", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: Vitamin K shots are dangerous because of toxic levels of aluminum; Hepatitis B vaccines contain toxic ingredients; Tylenol causes autism; hospitals aren\u2019t a safe place to give birth [...] The claim that vitamin K shots are dangerous to neonates because they contain toxic levels of aluminum has appeared before, such as in this post by Children\u2019s Health Defense, an anti-vaccine website that often disseminates vaccine disinformation. Similar claims have been reviewed in the past and found to be inaccurate. [...] The claim that vitamin K shots are dangerous because they contain 20,000 times the recommended amount of aluminum is inaccurate. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that the total allowable exposure to aluminum through the intravenous route not exceed five micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day. One microgram is one thousandth of a milligram, or one millionth of a gram.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Alzheimer\u2019s disease is a \u201cphysician-caused disease\u201d that arises due to nutritional deficiencies", "evidence": "Alzheimer\u2019s disease most commonly occurs in individuals aged 65 and above and research so far suggests that the disease is caused by the abnormal buildup of protein in amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. This buildup causes neurons to lose their connections, leading to impaired memory and cognitive ability. The risk of Alzheimer\u2019s is associated with genetic and environmental factors, including nutritional deficiencies.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines can be sexually transmitted to unvaccinated people; vaccines cause blood discoloration and weaken immune system", "evidence": "There are also reports of people who have been fully vaccinated getting sick with COVID-19. This is expected \u2013 no vaccine is 100% effective against all forms of the illness it's designed to protect against. People who had weakened immune systems before they got vaccinated may be especially prone to a post-vaccination case of COVID-19 if they're exposed to an infected person during their contagious period. [...] Just as with other vaccines, the COVID-19 vaccines can cause temporary effects soon after they enter the body and start teaching the immune system to go after the coronavirus. The most common reactions are headaches, arm pain, body aches, chills or fever lasting a few hours to a few days. Taking an over-the-counter painkiller can help ease these. The CDC has more information about what to expect and what to do if you experience a vaccine reaction. [...] People with weakened immune systems may be less protected by a COVID-19 vaccine than someone with a healthy immune system, but they are still encouraged to get vaccinated.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ancient civilizations once inhabited Antarctica, as shown by the pyramids there, but the continent\u2019s position and climate rapidly changed due to \u2018tectonics and pole shift\u2019.", "evidence": "Factually inaccurate: There is no evidence of ancient civilizations or pyramids in Antarctica. The pyramid-shaped landform shown in recent social media videos is called a \u2018horn\u2019 or \u2018pyramidal peak\u2019 and forms naturally as glaciers carve (i.e., erode) different rock faces. There is also no evidence for a rapid shift in the climate or position of Antarctica on Earth; studies show that Antarctica slowly drifted over millions of years through tectonic plate movements. On 20 March 2024, a video on YouTube claimed that \u2018Antarctica has pyramids from an ancient civilization\u2019, and that \u2018the continent\u2019s surface flash-froze as it rapidly shifted on Earth\u2018. [...] There is no evidence of an ancient civilization, nor any pyramids in Antarctica, contrary to claims from viral videos on social media. There are, however, several pyramid or semi-pyramid shaped mountains called \u2018horns\u2019 or \u2018pyramidal peaks\u2019, which form through glacial erosion. These peaks are well-documented in Antarctica and many other glaciated areas around the world, such as Switzerland and Peru. Contrary to other claims made in these videos, Antarctica did not experience a sudden change in climate due to a sudden shift in the poles or Antarctica\u2019s position on Earth. Scientific evidence shows that Antarctica slowly drifted to its current position over millions of years through tectonic plate movement.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Aluminum in vaccines causes neurological damage and autism", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: Aluminum in vaccines causes neurological damage and autism Several Facebook posts containing screenshots of Google search results purporting to show evidence linking aluminum in vaccines with neurological damage and autism were published in early March 2020. An article published by Collective Evolution in mid-February reported a similar claim made by Christopher Exley, professor of bioinorganic chemistry at Keele University, based on the findings of his study[1]. [...] Taken together, the evidence shows that the amount of aluminum from vaccines is very unlikely to increase the circulating aluminum levels in plasma so as to be a concern, while the amount of aluminum crossing the BBB is too low to represent a concern. Therefore, the claim that aluminum from vaccines is responsible for neurotoxicity (and therefore neurological diseases) is near-impossible.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction\"", "evidence": "Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction | ABS-CBN News", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Childhood vaccines contain \u201cmixed up toxins\u201d including formaldehyde, aluminum, aborted fetal DNA, fetal bovine serum, monkey kidney cells, mercury, pig circoviruses", "evidence": "\"There is no vaccine that includes everything on this list,\" Dr. Kawsar R. Talaat, associate professor of international health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, told us in a phone interview. \"I think that they have gathered these ingredients and use different names for them in order to scare people as much as possible.\" [...] Anyone can check the Johns Hopkins database or consult the package inserts to see that none of the current flu vaccines contains ethanol, aluminum dye or aluminum, any type of acetone, \"monkey kidney cells\" or Vero cells, \"fetal cow serum\" or bovine serum, barium, E. coli, \"cow muscle tissue,\" \"DNA from pig circoviruses (PCV)\", \"embryonic guinea pig cells,\" human albumin (a protein naturally made in the liver), \"Mueller\u2019s media (containing cow extracts),\" or dextrose (a type of sugar), as the meme incorrectly claims. [...] Vaccines may also contain some leftover products from the manufacturing process. As explained by CHOP\u2019s Vaccine Education Center, since the ingredients of the vaccine come from biological systems, it\u2019s sometimes impossible to completely remove substances used during the process. Although most of the time the amounts that remain in the vials are insignificant, the substances still need to be listed.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Salt and corn gluten meal are used to kill mice, they are hazardous to humans", "evidence": "Some rodenticides contain sodium chloride\u2014table salt\u2014and corn gluten meal. This combination forms a thick plug that physically obstructs the airway of rodents. Because rodents are anatomically unable to vomit, this leads to suffocation and death. These rodenticides aren\u2019t hazardous to other animals and humans, who are physiologically different from rodents. Humans can safely eat processed food containing sodium chloride and corn-derived products, as long as they are part of a balanced diet.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Autopsies performed by the Italian pathologists [have] shown that [COVID-19] is not pneumonia but it is disseminated intravascular coagulation\"", "evidence": "Tang et al [7] described the outcome of 183 patients admitted to the Tongji Hospital in Wuhan with RNA detection confirmed 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The authors observed that disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a frequent occurrence in worsening of COVID-19 pneumonia. Coagulation abnormalities and marked increase of D-dimer were often associated with increased mortality or concomitant severe thromboembolic complications. Surprisingly, the authors noted that in the Chinese population, the prevalence of thromboembolic events was particularly elevated among patients with severe lung failure. Similar prevalence was observed by Cui et al in 81 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), where the prevalence of major thromboembolism was around 25% [8]. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) at prophylactic doses are associated with a reduced 28-day mortality in more severe COVID-19 patients [9], displaying a sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) score \u2265 4 (40.0% vs. 64.2%, P = 0.029) or D-dimer levels more than six-fold the upper limit of normal (32.8% vs. 52.4%, P = 0.017). Comparably, but slightly higher records of thromboembolic complications (up to about 30%) were observed in Italian patients admitted in ICU (unpublished data). [...] COVID-19 produces a sort of DIC which is usually characterized by hypercoagulability. The exact pathogenetic mechanism of COVID-19-related DIC is unclear, although inflammatory drive and cytokine release may be responsible for the observed coagulation impairment leading to thromboembolic complications. IL-6 may stimulate up-regulation of fibrinogen synthesis by the liver and the virus may bind directly to endothelial cells causing alveolar damage.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Blank COVID-19 vaccine safety inserts show there are no safety and effectiveness studies for these vaccines", "evidence": "There are strict precautions in place to help ensure the safety of all COVID-19 vaccines. Before receiving validation from WHO and national regulatory agencies for emergency use, COVID-19 vaccines must undergo rigorous testing in clinical trials to prove that they meet internationally agreed benchmarks for safety and efficacy. [...] The vaccines must be proven safe and effective in large Phase III clinical trials. Some COVID-19 vaccine candidates have already completed their Phase III trials and are being used globally, and many other vaccine candidates are being developed and are still in the trial phase. [...] As with any vaccine, it is essential to closely monitor the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines that are used in immunization programmes. If a serious health problem is reported following vaccination, a thorough investigation should take place by the public health programme in the country.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "the U.S. Climate Reference Network[...] finds there has been no warming for the past 14 years at least", "evidence": "On the whole, these and other studies find consistent results. While the Sun's influence is detectable in Earth's temperature records, the global-scale warming influence of human-produced greenhouse gases is likely to be far stronger than even a very strong Grand Solar Minimum. [...] For the past million years at least, Milankovitch cycles have coincided with 100,000-year-long ice ages punctuated by short intervals of rapid warming. Although there are pieces of the puzzle experts still don\u2019t understand, the key climate influence seems to be changes in the amount of incoming sunlight, or insolation, reaching the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere during the summer. The Northern Hemisphere is key to the ice ages because massive ice sheets can only grow over land, not ocean, and most of Earth\u2019s land area has been concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere for at least tens of millions of years.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Moderna was already producing COVID-19 vaccines before the beginning of the pandemic", "evidence": "The VRC worked with a company called Moderna to use this information to quickly customize their prototype approach to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. By early February, a COVID-19 vaccine candidate had been designed and manufactured. This vaccine is called mRNA-1273. By March 16, 2020, this vaccine had entered the first phase of clinical trials. Other vaccines, including a similar one from Pfizer and BioNTech SE, entered clinical trials not long after. On December 18, 2020, after demonstrating 94 percent efficacy, the NIH-Moderna vaccine was authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for emergency use. Just days earlier, the similar Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine had become the first COVID-19 vaccine to be authorized for use in the United States. [...] Moderna, Inc. (n.d.). Moderna\u2019s Work on a COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate. Retrieved December 10, 2020, from https://www.modernatx.com/modernas-work-potential-vaccine-against-covid-19", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Babies under six months shouldn\u2019t drink water as it can result in health risks", "evidence": "Fact check: Giving water to babies is unsafe before 6 months, can lead to brain damage, death [...] \"BABIES CANT HAVE WATER BEFORE 6 MONTHS,\" reads the post. \"Please educate yourself before you harm your baby. Water dilutes the sodium levels in babies and can cause seizures, coma, brain damage or death.\" [...] Pediatricians told USA TODAY giving water to babies under 6 months old can be hazardous to their health because their kidneys can't process much water. They recommended the exclusive use of breast milk or formula for the first six months.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "So that means that probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases", "evidence": "How does this warming compare to previous changes in Earth\u2019s climate? How can we be certain that human-released greenhouse gases are causing the warming? How much more will the Earth warm? How will Earth respond? Answering these questions is perhaps the most significant scientific challenge of our time. [...] Greenhouse gases are only part of the story when it comes to global warming. Changes to one part of the climate system can cause additional changes to the way the planet absorbs or reflects energy. These secondary changes are called climate feedbacks, and they could more than double the amount of warming caused by carbon dioxide alone. The primary feedbacks are due to snow and ice, water vapor, clouds, and the carbon cycle. [...] The largest feedback is water vapor. Water vapor is a strong greenhouse gas. In fact, because of its abundance in the atmosphere, water vapor causes about two-thirds of greenhouse warming, a key factor in keeping temperatures in the habitable range on Earth. But as temperatures warm, more water vapor evaporates from the surface into the atmosphere, where it can cause temperatures to climb further.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sea level rise could reach six or seven feet by the year 2100.", "evidence": "Sea level could rise by as much as 1 or 2 meters (3.3-6.6 feet) by the year 2100 Continuing greenhouse gas emissions growth could result in a sea level rise of 0.5 meters (20 inches) to as much as 1 or 2 meters (3.3-6.6 feet) by the year 2100. [...] Yes, I couldn\u2019t agree more. I actually wrote a paper regarding a survey of sea-level scientists. The concluding statement was that most experts estimate a larger sea-level rise by AD 2100 than the IPCC\u2019s Fifth Assessment Report AR5 projects:", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines cause leprosy", "evidence": "Incorrect: The increase in reported leprosy cases started before COVID-19 vaccines became available to the public. Thus, vaccination couldn\u2019t have caused them. Inadequate support: Studies reporting a leprosy reaction in people recently vaccinated against COVID-19 don\u2019t show that vaccines cause leprosy. In fact, leprosy reactions are inflammatory reactions occurring among people who were already infected with leprosy-causing bacteria before being vaccinated. A reel posted on Instagram in early January 2024 claimed that COVID-19 vaccines caused leprosy. The video mentioned a surge in leprosy cases in the U.S., where \"none of the traditional risk factors are being found\" and that medical journals had been establishing a correlation between COVID-19 vaccines and the surge in leprosy cases. The reel was viewed more than 30,000 times. [...] However, these reports don\u2019t imply that the vaccine caused leprosy. Instead, the immune response to vaccination might increase the likelihood of leprosy reactions, which are inflammatory reactions in people already infected with M. leprae. Indeed, vaccination and infections caused by other pathogens have been identified before as possible risk factors for developing leprosy reactions[6,7]. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccines don\u2019t cause leprosy; for the vaccine to trigger a leprosy reaction, the person needs to be already infected with M. leprae.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cMost of the victims of the Spanish flu didn\u2019t die from the Spanish flu. They died from bacterial pneumonia. And the bacterial pneumonia was caused by [...] wearing masks\u201d", "evidence": "Scientific studies have associated flu with a higher risk of secondary infection with other viruses and bacteria. Face masks are effective at reducing the spread of viral respiratory infections like COVID-19 and the flu. Face masks are safe to use and not associated with an increased risk of bacterial pneumonia or other health problems.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Abortion is never medically necessary", "evidence": "Certain life-threatening conditions during pregnancy can make abortion medically necessary in order to save the mother\u2019s life. Preserving both the life of the mother and child by inducing early delivery, as the video suggests, is only possible if the fetus\u2019 gestational age is advanced enough that it stands a chance of survival outside the womb. As this is not always the case, early delivery is not always a suitable alternative to abortion.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The WHO declaration of a public health emergency is a scheme to use vaccines \u201cstocked up in warehouses\u201d; bird flu, parvovirus B19, and monkeypox are \u201crebranding\u201d of the same virus", "evidence": "Following the PHEIC for mpox in 2024, Rizza Islam, a figure known for promoting vaccine misinformation, made claims suggesting that mpox, bird flu, and parvovirus B19 are merely rebranded versions of the same virus. He further claimed that this was a ploy to push for more vaccinations and make use of existing vaccines \"stored up in warehouses\". Islam also implied that the goal of this was financial profit, writing \"No viruses = no injections given which = a MAJOR LOSS of $\" . [...] Furthermore, the claim that mpox, bird flu, and parvovirus B19 are rebranded versions of the same virus is not supported by scientific evidence. Indeed, each of these viruses is a clearly identified and well-characterized, distinct biological entity. [...] In summary, viruses like mpox, parvovirus B19, and the viruses responsible for bird flu are all different from each other. They were identified at different times and in different places. Their genomes are structured differently, and they belong to separate families of viruses. Thus, Islam\u2019s claim is incorrect as they aren\u2019t a \"rebranding\" of each other. Scientifically established facts distinguish these viruses from each other.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Coronavirus contains 'HIV insertions'", "evidence": "Titled \"Uncanny similarity of unique inserts in the 2019-nCoV spike protein to HIV-1 gp120 and Gag,\" the paper claimed to find similarities between the new coronavirus and HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The use of the word \"uncanny\" in the title, together with \"unlikely to be fortuitous\" in the abstract, led some to think that the authors were suggesting the virus had somehow been engineered by humans.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "A public information film on the coronavirus was released in the 1970s", "evidence": "A three-minute video titled \"Coronavirus \u2013 1970s Public Information Film\" offering recommendations to prevent coronavirus infections went viral at the end of 2023. The video circulated on social media platforms including X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok. One Facebook post sharing the video in November 2023 received over 50,000 views and 2,000 shares. The video\u2019s title and retro appearance resembled the public information short films that the U.K. Central Office of Information (COI) produced and distributed during television advertising breaks. The COI was created in 1946 to replace the British Ministry of Information, which was responsible for government publicity and propaganda during the Second World War, and was active until 2011. [...] However, the video shared on social media isn\u2019t an actual public information film but a work of satire. It is also not from the 1970s.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe clothing industry contributes up to 10% of the pollution driving the climate crisis.\u201d", "evidence": "Vieira Luxe is a supporter of sustainable fashion and we weave this into our business ethos. Knowing the impact the industry has on climate change, we seek to be a part of the movement towards a more eco-friendly future. Our company is devoted to taking part in this development away from fast fashion by working with shops nationally. Thus, providing you the best quality dresses at outlet prices. Our company is here to stand for sustainable fashion, beginning with the recycling of companies overstock and discontinued garments. The clothing industry contributes up to 10% of the pollution driving the climate crisis, and we Americans throw away an average of 82 pounds of textile waste per year! This all boils down to cut-rate prices, overconsumption, and a culture of convenience. By implementing sustainable fashion practices, such as shopping overstock, we can reduce these carbon emissions and help to repair our planet. Vieira Luxe is dedicated to promoting sustainability , and will work to reduce the fashion industry\u2019s carbon footprint in any way we can.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cFauci frankensteined Covid bats on our soil a year before the pandemic, but then acted all shocked when the virus started spreading\u201d ; Fauci\u2019s goons went to the Wuhan lab, bottled up a virus and brought it to a lab in America\u201d", "evidence": "Some coronaviruses pose a threat to human health, as illustrated by the 2003 SARS outbreak and the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the coronaviruses that have been thoroughly studied is WIV-1, because it can infect humans. However, WIV-1 is only loosely related to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and thus isn\u2019t responsible for the pandemic.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cthe COVID vaccines have killed millions of people worldwide, an estimated 1 death per 1,000 doses on average in a standard population\u201d", "evidence": "Unlike many other countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, New Zealand experienced fewer deaths compared to the pre-pandemic baseline in 2020 and 2021, as a result of COVID-19 restrictions. Since the restrictions were lifted, mortality rates in the elderly have risen. This is likely due to a return of respiratory viruses like the flu, and likely represents a return to baseline mortality, not an increase in excess mortality due to COVID-19 vaccines. Published studies so far have found no association between COVID-19 vaccines and an increased mortality risk.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Unapproved genetically modified organisms in the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines could permanently change our DNA", "evidence": "There are no genetically modified organisms in the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines; no evidence these vaccines modify our DNA [...] In November 2023, Gentry Gevers, host of the Break Away USA podcast, posted a screenshot of a tweet by journalist Rebekah Barnett on Instagram that read \"Australian GP sues Pfizer and Moderna over unapproved GMOs in mRNA Covid vaccines\". It also claimed \"the human genome could already be permanently altered\". [...] COVID-19 mRNA vaccines don\u2019t contain organisms. As such, the claim that they contain \"unapproved GMOs\" is inaccurate. One example of a COVID-19 vaccine that does contain a GMO and is regulated as such is the AstraZeneca-Oxford COVID-19 vaccine, as it uses a modified adenovirus vector to deliver the genetic material of the spike protein into cells.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 mRNA vaccines aren\u2019t vaccines, according to court ruling", "evidence": "\"The Supreme Court has ruled that vaccinated people worldwide are products, patented goods, according to US law, no longer human,\" a robotic voice narrates. \"Through a modified DNA or RNA vaccination, the mRNA vaccination, the person ceases to be human and becomes the owner of the holder of the modified GEN vaccination patent because they have their own genome.\" [...] The Supreme Court did not rule that anyone who received an mRNA vaccination is now a non-human patent. The claim stems from a misreading of a 2013 Supreme Court ruling that had nothing to do with mRNA vaccines and predated the COVID-19 pandemic. [...] And the ruling had nothing to do with the mRNA technology used in some COVID-19 vaccines, it was about synthetic complementary-DNA constructs, said Jorge Contreras, director of the program on intellectual property and technology law at the University of Utah, as well as the author of \"The Genome Defense: Inside the Epic Legal Battle to Determine Who Owns Your DNA.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Vaccines contain unhealthy levels of aluminum; Japan\u2019s elimination of vaccines has reduced infant mortality", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: Vaccines contain unhealthy amounts of aluminum and heavy metals which cause autism; infant mortality and autism rates in Japan are lower than those in the U.S. because Japan stopped requiring childhood vaccinations; rise in autism rates in the U.S. is due to rise in childhood vaccines; children's underdeveloped immune systems can\u2019t handle the number of vaccines they receive [...] Aluminum levels in vaccines are safe and don\u2019t cause autism [...] As we reported in a previous claim review, infants receive approximately 4.4 milligrams of aluminum via vaccines administered in the first six months of life. This is in the form of aluminum-containing salts that act as adjuvants to enhance the immune response to vaccination, which have been used in vaccines for more than 70 years.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "A \u201czapper\u201d can kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses; it cures all diseases", "evidence": "Hulda Regehr Clark (18 October 1928 in Rosthern, Saskatchewan \u2013 3 September 2009 in Chula Vista, California)[1][2] was a Canadian naturopath, author, and practitioner of alternative medicine. Clark claimed all human disease was related to parasitic infection, and also claimed to be able to cure all diseases, including cancer and HIV/AIDS, by \"zapping\" them with electrical devices which she marketed.[3] Clark wrote several books describing her methods and operated clinics in the United States. Following a string of lawsuits and eventual action by the Federal Trade Commission, she relocated to Tijuana, Mexico, where she ran the Century Nutrition clinic. [...] - Parasites: Clark said people have parasites that cause numerous problems. She described herbal and electronic methods to remove them, such as her Zapper device (see below). [...] - Zapper: A device to pulse low voltage direct current (DC) through the body at specific frequencies. Clark said this device kills viruses, bacteria and parasites. In one case, a patient with a cardiac pacemaker suffered arrhythmias as a side effect of her \"Zapper\".[18]", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "[T]he raw data, the actual thermometer data[...] shows that the US has been cooling for 80 to 90 years. But the graphs they release to the public show warming trend, and it's all because they've altered the data.", "evidence": "NOAA\u2019s US temperature record shows that US was warmest in the 1930\u2019s and has generally cooled as CO2 has increased. This wrecks greenhouse gas theory, so they \"adjust\" the data to make it look like the US is warming. [...] The fabricated temperatures have warmed four degrees since 1970, relative to the adjusted temperatures which were based on actual station data. This shows that the warming trend in the US claimed by NOAA is based on computer models, not actual thermometer data or even adjusted thermometer data. [...] Science doesn\u2019t get any worse than how NOAA handles US temperature data. NASA uses the NOAA data as the basis for their temperature graphs, which have also been massively altered to turn cooling into warming.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cAn accurate reporting by Pfizer would have shown equal numbers of clinical trial deaths in the vaccine and placebo groups and thus, no benefit of vaccination\u201d", "evidence": "All attention has focused on the dramatic efficacy results: Pfizer reported 170 PCR confirmed covid-19 cases, split 8 to 162 between vaccine and placebo groups. But these numbers were dwarfed by a category of disease called \"suspected covid-19\"\u2014those with symptomatic covid-19 that were not PCR confirmed. According to FDA\u2019s report on Pfizer\u2019s vaccine, there were \"3410 total cases of suspected, but unconfirmed covid-19 in the overall study population, 1594 occurred in the vaccine group vs. 1816 in the placebo group.\" [...] Another reason we need more data is to analyse an unexplained detail found in a table of FDA\u2019s review of Pfizer\u2019s vaccine: 371 individuals excluded from the efficacy analysis for \"important protocol deviations on or prior to 7 days after Dose 2.\" What is concerning is the imbalance between randomized groups in the number of these excluded individuals: 311 from the vaccine group vs 60 on placebo. (In contrast, in Moderna\u2019s trial, there were just 36 participants excluded from the efficacy analysis for \"major protocol deviation\"\u201412 vaccine group vs 24 placebo group.) [...] By my count, Pfizer apparently reported 8 cases of confirmed, symptomatic Covid-19 in people positive for SARS-CoV-2 at baseline (1 in the vaccine group, 7 in the placebo group, using the differences between Tables 9 and 10) and Moderna, 1 case (placebo group; Table 12).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Vaccines have caused an \"explosion\" of childhood cancer; vaccine package insert states vaccines weren\u2019t tested for mutagenic effect", "evidence": "Shared antigen vaccines target antigens commonly expressed across multiple cancer types compared to personalized cancer vaccines targeting specific mutations in an individual\u2019s tumor, making them off-the-shelf and low-cost immunotherapies. [...] Sahin, U. et al. Personalized RNA mutanome vaccines mobilize poly-specific therapeutic immunity against cancer. Nature547, 222\u2013226 (2017).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Countries that sign pandemic treaty cede their sovereignty to the WHO, allowing WHO to control domestic policies, force vaccination, lockdowns, and arrest of vaccine opponents", "evidence": "The COVID-19 pandemic exposed shortcomings in pandemic preparedness and response in countries around the world. The pandemic accord and recent amendments to the existing International Health Regulations (IHR) are aimed at improving future responses to pandemics. The work and negotiations on both the accord and the IHR amendments have been led and are decided by WHO Member States, which comprise all members of the United Nations (except Liechtenstein), the Cook Islands, and Niue.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe greatest trick the CDC ever pulled was convincing the world you can be sick without having symptoms\u201d", "evidence": "In January last year the CDC and the WHO adopted a sort of fraudulent bedside manner: \u2018Don\u2019t fret about Covid, there\u2019s no evidence of human-to-human transmission.\u2019 Remember that? At the time, Dr Dean wasn\u2019t so sure. She watched the YouTube videos of Chinese authorities welding apartment doors shut to keep residents indoors, and thought: \u2018This is real.\u2019 [...] At the same sort of time, Charity Dean was acting on her intuition and wrote a battle plan for California that included measures such as social distancing. But her boss, former CDC employee Sonia Angell, responded by simply excluding her from meetings. She told Dr Dean not to use the word \u2018pandemic\u2019: \u2018You\u2019re scaring people.\u2019 \u2018Shit, they should be scared,\u2019 said Dr Dean. She noticed, says Lewis, when the CDC made a curious pivot, from downplaying the virus to behaving as if it could never have been contained. Later, Dr Dean told Lewis: \u2018The greatest trick the CDC ever pulled was convincing the world containment wasn\u2019t possible.\u2019", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Father of Global Warming\u2019 Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong", "evidence": "CLAIM: \u2018Father of Global Warming\u2019 Scientist Finally Admits Theory Is Wrong [...] a new study that compares real-world data to the original Scenario B model \u2014 finding no correlation \u2014 has received Hansen\u2019s backing, with the \"Father of global warming\" admitting he is \"devastated\" by the way his data has been used by climate alarmists. [...] The article expands on this by claiming that the inaccurate analysis \"has received Hansen\u2019s backing\", and that Hansen admitted he was \"\u2018devastated\u2019 by the way his data has been used by climate alarmists\". No source is provided for these statements. The headline of the Western Journal commentary claimed \"Father of Global Warming\u2019s Theory Devastated by Actual Data\", but there is no quote in which Hansen supports this claim. [...] So the other statement attributed to Hansen by the NewsPunch and Principia Scientific article\u2014that he \"finally admits theory is wrong\"\u2014is also invented, as Hansen did not say this.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\"Cat parasite\" causes toxoplasmosis; toxoplasmosis increases ghrelin hormone levels", "evidence": "Toxoplasmosis is caused by an infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite is most commonly found in contaminated food (especially raw and undercooked meat), but it can also be found in cat feces. Most T. gondii infections in people with healthy immune systems are asymptomatic and resolve on their own within a few weeks or months. Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the stomach and often called the \"hunger hormone\". There is currently no evidence supporting an association between toxoplasmosis and increased ghrelin hormone levels. [...] A Facebook reel shared on 6 June 2024 claimed that a so-called \"cat parasite\" causes toxoplasmosis. It also claimed that toxoplasmosis leads to an increased release of the ghrelin hormone (commonly known as the \"hunger hormone\"), which in turn leads a host of other health issues including \"depression, highs and lows, irregular heartbeat, muscle twitching, brittle hair, dry skin, psoriasis, [and] unregulated sleep cycles\". [...] The \"cat parasite\" claim has received media attention in the past, primarily addressing the potential link between T. gondii, mental illness, and risk-taking behavior. However, there is no apparent evidence for an association between toxoplasmosis and an increase in the ghrelin hormone. We explain below.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "HPV vaccine increases the risk of developing cervical cancer", "evidence": "Falcaro, M. et al. The effects of the national HPV vaccination programme in England, UK, on cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia incidence: a register-based observational study. Lancet398, 2084\u20132092 (2021). [...] Lei, J. et al. HPV vaccination and the risk of invasive cervical cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.383, 1340\u20131348 (2020). [...] Hildesheim, A. et al. HPV co-factors related to the development of cervical cancer: results from a population-based study in Costa Rica. Br. J. Cancer84, 1219\u20131226 (2001).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201c99.2% of U.S. COVID deaths in June were unvaccinated people\u201d", "evidence": "In a stunning reflection of the efficacy of vaccines and an indication of the impact that widespread inoculation could have, an analysis of government data published Thursday by the Associated Press found nearly all Covid-19 deaths in the U.S. last month were among people who weren\u2019t vaccinated against the virus. Center for Disease Control and Prevention data reviewed by AP showed just 150 of the more than 18,000 Covid-19 deaths in May resulted from \"breakthrough\" infections in fully vaccinated people. In other words, 99.2% of the people who died from Covid-19 last month weren\u2019t fully vaccinated against the virus.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Sweetgum balls contain the same active ingredient that Tamiflu contains, which is shikimic acid; It kills viruses including SARS-CoV-2", "evidence": "The TikTok video was correct in saying that sweetgum seeds contain shikimic acid[1]. However, this is at even lower levels than star anise and is not a commercial source for Tamiflu manufacturing. The video claimed that cutting the gum balls and soaking them in vodka would release \"nature\u2019s cure\". Given that a critical industrial purification process struggles to extract enough shikimic acid from these sources, it seems unlikely that this method would be effective. The video also makes reference to using sweetgum balls to treat COVID-19. However, as mentioned previously, Tamiflu works by targeting a specific protein in the flu virus. There is no equivalent of the neuraminidase protein in the SARS-CoV-2 virus, so the drug cannot act in the same way that it does with flu[4]. To claim that shikimic acid can help treat COVID-19 would need evidence from research. In summary, shikimic acid is not the active ingredient in Tamiflu. Shikimic acid is chemically altered to produce Tamiflu and will not have the same effect. The amount of shikimic acid in sweetgum balls is very low and it is difficult to extract.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Switzerland stops COVID-19 vaccines due to safety concerns", "evidence": "Reports of suspected adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines in Switzerland \u2013 update 24.09.2021 [...] The reports of adverse reactions received and analysed to date do not alter the positive benefit-risk profile of the COVID-19 vaccines used in Switzerland. This largely confirms their known side effects profile. Known side effects of COVID-19 vaccines are listed in the continually updated medicinal product information texts published on www.swissmedicinfo.ch. [...] You can find the latest report on suspected adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines in Switzerland at the following permalink: www.swissmedic.ch/covid-19-vaccines-safety-update-en", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "[NASA] has been adjusting temperatures from the past[...] downward, while adjusting current-day temperatures upward, and those changes are responsible for most of the claimed global warming during that time.", "evidence": "CLAIM: [NASA] has been adjusting temperatures from the past\u2014temperatures from as long ago as the mid-1800s\u2014downward, while adjusting current-day temperatures upward, and those changes are responsible for most of the claimed global warming during that time. [...] In the unscientific formulation of [some], this means that the adjustments for this effect make the past warmer and the recent temperatures colder. But overall, the estimated global warming actually becomes smaller when taking into account all the adjustments\u2014the opposite of [that claim]. [See figure in Mark Richardson\u2019s comment below.] [...] Raw data show more global warming since 1880 than is reported by NOAA [or shown in other datasets]. This is because NOAA \"adjusts\" temperature data to fairly compare different measurement times, places, and technologies. The cooling effect of adjustments on global temperatures has been shown lots of times, such as with the graph below for 1880\u20142013 temperatures.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "\u201cMyocarditis and pericarditis only occur after vaccination and not after COVID-19 infection.\u201d", "evidence": "New research highlights the exclusive occurrence of myocarditis and pericarditis in vaccinated adolescents and children, suggesting a need for reevaluation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies in younger populations while considering broader clinical implications for post-vaccination adverse events. A recent preprint from Oxford University researchers reveals that myocarditis and pericarditis only occur in children and adolescents following COVID-19 vaccination, not infection. The study, which evaluated more than a million English minors, found that vaccinated adolescents experienced higher incidences of these heart inflammations compared to children. Despite this, vaccinated adolescents had lower chances of COVID-19 infection and severe outcomes than their unvaccinated counterparts. [...] - Most myocarditis and pericarditis cases occurred after the first vaccine dose, with more than half requiring hospitalization or emergency care.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Forward projections of solar cyclicity imply the next few decades may be marked by global cooling rather than warming, despite continuing CO2 emissions.", "evidence": "Throughout its long history, Earth has warmed and cooled time and again. Climate has changed when the planet received more or less sunlight due to subtle shifts in its orbit, as the atmosphere or surface changed, or when the Sun\u2019s energy varied. But in the past century, another force has started to influence Earth\u2019s climate: humanity. [...] Each cycle exhibits subtle differences in intensity and duration. As of early 2010, the solar brightness since 2005 has been slightly lower, not higher, than it was during the previous 11-year minimum in solar activity, which occurred in the late 1990s. This implies that the Sun\u2019s impact between 2005 and 2010 might have been to slightly decrease the warming that greenhouse emissions alone would have caused. [...] It takes decades to centuries for Earth to fully react to increases in greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide, among other greenhouse gases, will remain in the atmosphere long after emissions are reduced, contributing to continuing warming. In addition, as Earth has warmed, much of the excess energy has gone into heating the upper layers of the ocean. Like a hot water bottle on a cold night, the heated ocean will continue warming the lower atmosphere well after greenhouse gases have stopped increasing.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccination of pregnant women is connected to an increase in U.S. infant mortality rate in 2022", "evidence": "COVID-19 vaccines are safe during pregnancy, both for the mother and the unborn child. Getting COVID-19 vaccines while pregnant doesn\u2019t increase the risk of infant mortality. In fact, being protected against severe COVID-19 may lower the risk of pregnancy complications.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Vitamin B17 \u201cwas banned by the US because of its cancer-killing properties\u201d", "evidence": "In June 2016 an image macro became newly popular (likely due to a concurrent cancer conspiracy rumor) on social media, holding that the bitter almond tree had been banned across the United States since 1995 because it contains high levels of the cancer-fighting vitamin B17 (also known as Laetrile): The claim was an old and deceptively multi-layered one, asserting that the bitter almond tree had been banned across the United States, that the ban was enacted in a particular year (1995), that the banned substance contained levels of Vitamin B17 sufficient to prevent and treat cancer, and that the unspecified powers that be explicitly and unquestionably banned the plant solely because it could save people's lives by fighting cancer. [...] Following the investigation by FDA, the USAO, and the USPIS, the U.S. District Court for Eastern District of New York placed Vale's illegal sales and promotion of Laetrile \u2014 also known as amygdalin, \"Vitamin B-17\", or apricot pits \u2014 under injunction in April 2000. Defying the court order, Vale set up a shell corporation in Arizona, and continued to ship the product from the basement of his own home to customers passed on to him by his New York firm. For these activities, Vale was found guilty 11 months ago of three counts of criminal contempt, and ordered to be held without bail pending his sentencing.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cSince the vaccine rolled out, [a midwife]\u2019s seen no normal placenta [\u2026] they\u2019re all compromised\u201d", "evidence": "Factually inaccurate: The claim is directly contradicted by clinical results showing that vaccinated women don\u2019t experience a higher rate of placental defects. [...] Reporting on her earlier interview of midwife Ellen Jasmer, Wolf stated that Jasmer had seen \"no normal placenta [\u2026] since the vaccine rolled out\". Wolf said that some of the placentas were \"shrunken, so not big enough to deliver a normal baby\" and that \"midwives were reporting that they ha[d] to deliver babies early because the placenta can\u2019t sustain a full-term baby\". Wolf also alleged that vaccination compromised the health of newborns as they were \"rushed to the hospital within a day because they are in respiratory distress and [Jasmer had] never seen that so frequently before\". [...] Wolf also claimed that vaccinated individuals could compromise the placenta of unvaccinated people through a process called shedding. This is most likely a reference to the claim that vaccinated individuals release spike proteins that can be spread to unvaccinated individuals. But there is no data or plausible biological mechanism suggesting that COVID-19 vaccines can cause shedding, as Health Feedback explained in an earlier review, and Wolf failed to produce any supporting evidence in the video.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cMSM Silent As Court Holds PCR Covid Tests 97% Inaccurate - Unfit for Purpose\u201d", "evidence": "PCR tests work by detecting a virus\u2019 genetic material in biological samples like blood or saliva. These tests are highly sensitive and specific. Trace amounts of viral genetic material, left behind after an initial infection is over, can still be detected by PCR tests even when the infected person is no longer contagious. While PCR tests are excellent at detecting current and recent infections, there can be uncertainty when it comes to using them to determine if a person is still contagious.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "HPV vaccines are ineffective and cause side effects including autoimmune and neurological disorders, based on VAERS reports", "evidence": "An article published by Children\u2019s Health Defense on 7 November 2023 claimed that a campaign for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in low- and middle-income countries will result in a \"mass casualty event\" due to serious side effects caused by the vaccine. Purported side effects of the HPV vaccine include autoimmune and neurological disorders such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). We previously reviewed a claim that HPV vaccines cause autoimmune and neurological diseases and found that it was unsupported. [See scientists\u2019 feedback.] [...] The article claimed that side effects of HPV vaccination involve neurological and autoimmune disorders, including chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), but scientific evidence doesn\u2019t support these conclusions.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Poppers are the cause of Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma", "evidence": "AIDS-related illnesses, like tuberculosis and Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma, are the main causes of death among people living with HIV with inadequate access to HIV care. Early in the HIV epidemic, it was proposed that poppers were linked to cases of Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma in people with AIDS. However, research has debunked this hypothesis, showing that Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma develops in people who are HIV-positive irrespective of poppers use and heavy poppers use isn\u2019t linked to an increased risk of developing Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma. In reality, Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma is an opportunistic cancer that appears in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with advanced AIDS.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Blocks of color printed on toothpaste tubes indicate whether the toothpaste is made of safe ingredients", "evidence": "Toothpaste ingredients generally contain at least a few basic components. These include a mild abrasive, which helps remove debris and surface stains; humectants, which reduce water loss that would otherwise cause toothpaste to dry out; and detergent, which helps clean teeth and is responsible for toothpaste foam. Toothpaste is generally safe when used as directed. However, it\u2019s not meant to be eaten. Ingesting large quantities of toothpaste can cause stomach upset, although long-term repercussions are unlikely.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Magnetic poles reversals involve the Earth flipping vertically and momentarily stopping its rotation, causing cataclysmic events during 6 days.", "evidence": "Magnetic poles reversals do occur, but don\u2019t involve the earth\u2019s poles physically changing positions. The liquid core of the planet moves, generating variations of the magnetic field and occasionally, magnetic poles shift. There is no evidence that magnetic poles' reversal have had any influence on climate in the Earth\u2019s history or generated the kind of extreme weather events claimed, by contrast carbon dioxide concentration has been shown to influence global climate in the past and present.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "there has been no reduction in oceanic pH levels in the last century", "evidence": "The acidity of the upper ocean has increased by about 30% (meaning its pH has dropped about 0.1 units) over the past century due to human emissions of CO2.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Discovery Of Massive Volcanic CO2 Emissions Discredits Global Warming Theory", "evidence": "Massive volcanic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions contributing to an extreme global ocean deoxygenation event over 120 million years ago has modern day implications for understanding a climate warming \"tipping point,\" according to new research published in Nature, led by a scientist at Ocean Networks Canada, a University of Victoria initiative. [...] \"Our work shows that massive volcanic carbon emissions led to a rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the crossing of a climate-warming threshold, or tipping point, that resulted in widespread ocean deoxygenation. Following this, Earth's climate system then remained in a warmed state for over two million years,\" says Bauer, who began the work while at Hong Kong University's Department of Earth Sciences and completed it at UVic.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cNo one has died of cancer or heart disease since the COVID-19 thing started\u201d", "evidence": "No, cancer and heart disease deaths didn\u2019t disappear during the pandemic If Your Time is short - COVID-19 was the third leading cause of death after cancer and heart disease in 2020 in the United States, according to provisional federal mortality data. [...] The Lancet, The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer deaths due to delays in diagnosis in England, UK: a national, population-based modelling study, Aug. 1, 2020", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Viruses don\u2019t exist, terrain theory explains why diseases occur", "evidence": "Diseases can have infectious and non-infectious causes. Germ theory holds that certain diseases can be caused by microorganisms. This theory is key to our modern ability to prevent, diagnose, and treat infectious diseases. It explains why things like antibiotics, vaccines, and improvements in sanitation produced public health breakthroughs. While some diseases can be caused by deficiencies in the individual, in keeping with the concept of the terrain theory, such as Vitamin C deficiency, this doesn\u2019t mean that all diseases are caused by imbalances in the body.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Mammograms don\u2019t prevent cancer; mammograms contribute to cancer development", "evidence": "However, naturopath Barbara O\u2019Neill claimed that mammograms actually contribute to cancer rather than prevent it. In an interview posted on TikTok in May 2024, O\u2019Neill was asked about mammograms and stated that \"it\u2019s pushed to prevent and it does not prevent\". She further added that repeated mammograms contribute to breast cancer because of the radiation sent through the breast and because of breast tissue damage that allegedly occurs during the test. This video generated 1.6 million views on TikTok at the time of writing. It was also posted on Facebook. [...] O\u2019Neill\u2019s claim that mammograms don\u2019t prevent cancer is also inaccurate. Indeed, regular screening allows early detection of cancer, and early diagnosis is associated with an increased chance of survival. According to Cancer Research UK, all women diagnosed at an early cancer stage will survive for at least five years. This statistic falls to three out of ten women if the diagnosis is made at a late cancer stage. [...] Periodic mammography screening doesn\u2019t cause nor contribute to cancer growth, contrary to Barbara O\u2019Neill\u2019s claim. In fact, regular mammograms do the opposite. By allowing for early detection of cancer, mammograms improve the success of cancer treatment and increase the chance of survival.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Most likely the primary control knob [on climate change] is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.", "evidence": "\"No. Most likely the primary control knob is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in,\" Perry said in the June 19 interview. [...] Perry misidentified climate change\u2019s main \"control knob,\" but he\u2019s not the first Trump administration department head to fudge the facts on our warming planet. [...] Energy Secretary Rick Perry said, \"Most likely the primary control knob (for the earth\u2019s temperature) is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cOfficial CDC data: 143,233% surge in fatal cancers among Vaxxed Americans\u201d", "evidence": "Safety data and multiple studies show that COVID-19 vaccines effectively reduce the risk of severe or fatal COVID-19 cases, while the risk of serious side effects from vaccination is very small. But COVID-19 vaccines come with tighter reporting requirements than earlier vaccines, which results in more adverse event reports to vaccine safety databases compared to other vaccines. This doesn't indicate any safety issues but instead reflects an increased reporting rate.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Zero Amish Children Diagnosed with Cancer, Diabetes or Autism; Amish children are largely unvaccinated; Covid death rates among Amish communities are 90 times lower than for the rest of America", "evidence": "\"The Amish are a perfect example of a large group of people who are largely unvaccinated,\" testified to the Pennsylvania State Senate.\"You won\u2019t find kids with ADD, with autoimmune disease, with PANDAS, PANS, with epilepsy. You just don\u2019t find any of these chronic diseases in the Amish.\" [...] Given five Amish people died in Lancaster County, PA, \"the Amish died at a rate 90 times lower than the infection fatality rate of the United States of America.\" [...] \"They did not lock down. They did not mask. They did not social distance, They did not vaccinate, and there were no mandates in the Amish community to get vaccinated. They basically ignored every single guideline that the CDC gave us. Ignoring those guidelines meant a death rate 90 times lower than the rest of America.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "CO2 concentrations are increasing in Earth\u2019s atmosphere faster than they have in the last 50,000 years.", "evidence": "Chemical analysis of natural CO\u2082 rise over the last 50,000 years shows that today's rate is 10 times faster Today's rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide increase is 10 times faster than at any other point in the past 50,000 years, researchers have found through a detailed chemical analysis of ancient Antarctic ice. [...] \"Our research identified the fastest rates of past natural CO2 rise ever observed, and the rate occurring today, largely driven by human emissions, is 10 times higher.\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Doctors are \u2018injecting poison\u2019 into babies every two months.", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: \u2018Can we abnormalize taking a healthy baby to the doctor every two months, injecting poison into his/her arm, returning home with a sick baby\u2014and then referring [to] it as a \"wellness visit\". Utter madness.\u2019 [...] Owens described vaccination as \"injecting poison\", which is in line with many anti-vaccination claims that mislead about the safety of vaccine ingredients. Health Feedback has addressed several of these claims previously: [...] The childhood vaccine schedule is designed to protect against various infectious diseases. Contrary to the misleading claim of \"injecting poison\", vaccines are carefully formulated to train the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens without causing the disease.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas so it is the main cause of recent global warming", "evidence": "Recent climate changes, however, cannot be explained by natural causes alone. Research indicates that natural causes do not explain most observed warming, especially warming since the mid-20th century. Rather, it is extremely likely that human activities have been the dominant cause of that warming.[2] [...] When sunlight reaches Earth\u2019s surface, it can either be reflected back into space or absorbed by Earth. Once absorbed, the planet releases some of the energy back into the atmosphere as heat (also called infrared radiation). Greenhouse gases like water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) absorb energy, slowing or preventing the loss of heat to space. In this way, GHGs act like a blanket, making Earth warmer than it would otherwise be. This process is commonly known as the \"greenhouse effect.\" [...] Other greenhouse gases - Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas and also the most important in terms of its contribution to the natural greenhouse effect, despite having a short atmospheric lifetime. Some human activities can influence local water vapor levels. However, on a global scale, the concentration of water vapor is controlled by temperature, which influences overall rates of evaporation and precipitation.[2] Therefore, the global concentration of water vapor is not substantially affected by direct human emissions.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines are \u201can unqualified disaster\u201d; they didn\u2019t \u201c[halt] viral spread\u201d and they caused \u201chigh morbidity and mortality rates\u201d", "evidence": "\"The COVID-19 vaccines have caused widespread death and disease.\" FACT: They haven\u2019t. The COVID-19 vaccines are known to cause some temporary side effects, such as fatigue. But widespread death and serious disease? Such claims often trace back to an unverified federal database that has become a breeding ground for anti-vaccine misinformation. [...] Social media users have tried to link the deaths of celebrities and specific people to the COVID-19 vaccines. Those claims haven\u2019t panned out.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "[It] is nearly impossible to categorize post-vaccine deaths as vaccine-related", "evidence": "Serious adverse events are rare following immunization and, in most cases, data are insufficient to determine a causal association. [...] Anaphylaxis following immunization with PCECV has been rarely reported. Temporally associated neurologic events have also been very rarely reported but causal association with vaccination has not been established. [...] Vaccine providers are asked to report, through local public health officials, any serious or unexpected adverse event felt to be temporally related to vaccination. An unexpected AEFI is an event that is not listed in available product information but may be due to the immunization, or a change in the frequency of a known AEFI. Refer to Reporting Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) in Canada for additional information about AEFI reporting.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cSecret CDC Report confirms nearly 120k Youngsters 'Died Suddenly' in the USA by Oct. 2022 following roll-out of COVID Vaccines\u201d", "evidence": "Studies and epidemiological data show that COVID-19 vaccination isn\u2019t associated with a higher risk of death. On the contrary, given that COVID-19 is a significant cause of excess deaths, vaccination would help to reduce excess deaths by reducing people\u2019s risk of developing severe disease.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Based on the increase of solar activity during the twentieth century, it should account for between half to two-thirds of all climate change", "evidence": "It is clear from many lines of evidence that human activities\u2014not solar activity\u2014are responsible for modern climate change.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Ventilators, not COVID, killed hospitalized COVID patients", "evidence": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has claimed >4 million lives globally, and these deaths often occurred in hospitalized patients with comorbidities. Therefore, the proposed review aims to distinguish the inpatient mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation risk in COVID-19 patients treated with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and/or the antiviral agents. [...] Citation: Saha S (2022) Death and invasive mechanical ventilation risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and/or antiviral agents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. PLoS ONE 17(6): e0270196. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270196 [...] - Outcome: The primary outcome of interest will be all-cause inpatient deaths. The secondary outcome will include eventual invasive mechanical ventilation requirements in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A trial must report either one or both of these outcomes to be eligible.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cthose who have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 with mRNA shots will lose 25 years of their life\u201d", "evidence": "COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective at preventing severe disease. Large clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance didn\u2019t find evidence that all-cause mortality increases in vaccinated people. Studies suggest that COVID-19 vaccines have helped save lives instead, by preventing millions of COVID-19 deaths globally.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cFor every one person who dies: 19 more require hospitalization; 18 of those will have permanent heart damage for the rest of their lives\u201d", "evidence": "> One study published in March found that out of 416 _hospitalized_ Covid-19 patients, 19% showed signs of heart damage. [...] Assuming 19 in 100 require hospitalization, according to the study: 19% of 19 will have heart damage or 3.61. Similar breakdown for other points. [...] > 59,076,000 people with permanent heart damage.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ice cores from Greenland show no significant warming, casting doubt on the climate change theory", "evidence": "After years of research on the Greenland ice sheet \u2013 which CNN visited when the cores were drilled \u2013 scientists reported Wednesday in the journal Nature that temperatures there have been the warmest in at least the last 1,000 years \u2013 the longest amount of time their ice cores could be analyzed to. And they found that between 2001 and 2011, it was on average 1.5 degrees Celsius warmer than it was during the 20th century. [...] During pre-industrial times, there were no weather stations in Greenland that gathered temperature data like today. That\u2019s why the scientists relied on paleoclimate data, such as ice cores, to study the region\u2019s warming patterns. The last robust ice core analysis in Greenland ended in 1995, and that data didn\u2019t detect warming despite climate change already being apparent elsewhere, H\u00f6rhold said. [...] Significant warming in Greenland\u2019s ice sheet is nearing a tipping point, scientists say, which could trigger catastrophic melting. Greenland holds enough ice that if it all melted, it could lift global sea levels by roughly 24 feet, according to NASA.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Antarctic sea-ice extent is increasing to record levels. Antarctica is getting colder; its sea ice and ice cap are not melting", "evidence": "Sea ice surrounding Antarctica reached a new record high extent this year, covering more of the southern oceans than it has since scientists began a long-term satellite record to map sea ice extent in the late 1970s. The upward trend in the Antarctic, however, is only about a third of the magnitude of the rapid loss of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. The new Antarctic sea ice record reflects the diversity and complexity of Earth\u2019s environments, said NASA researchers. Claire Parkinson, a senior scientist at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center, has referred to changes in sea ice coverage as a microcosm of global climate change. Just as the temperatures in some regions of the planet are colder than average, even in our warming world, Antarctic sea ice has been increasing and bucking the overall trend of ice loss. [...] Since the late 1970s, the Arctic has lost an average of 20,800 square miles (53,900 square kilometers) of ice a year; the Antarctic has gained an average of 7,300 square miles (18,900 sq km). On Sept. 19 this year, for the first time ever since 1979, Antarctic sea ice extent exceeded 7.72 million square miles (20 million square kilometers), according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center. The ice extent stayed above this benchmark extent for several days. The average maximum extent between 1981 and 2010 was 7.23 million square miles (18.72 million square kilometers).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "I am talking about the slaughter, death, and starvation of 6 billion people this century\u2014that's what the science predicts.", "evidence": "Apocalyptic rhetoric blankets the news. Various groups claim various disasters, up to and including that billions will die within the next few decades. Greta Thunberg and President Trump shout at whoever will listen, engaging in a private (read: not private) Twitter war the rest of the time. [...] The thing is, that\u2019s not what science actually predicts. Not really. Even if we did do something drastic enough to destroy the world, there is always enough life left after an extinction to go on \u2013 someday, anyway. We just probably wouldn\u2019t be around to see it. [...] Let\u2019s consider for a moment the claim by Extinction Rebellion\u2019s Roger Hallam: \"I am talking about the slaughter, death, and starvation of 6 billion people this century\u2014that's what the science predicts.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Toxic vaccine ingredients in the MMR vaccine cause encephalopathy", "evidence": "Acute encephalopathy followed by permanent brain injury or death associated with further attenuated measles vaccines: a review of claims submitted to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program - PMID: 9481001 - DOI: 10.1542/peds.101.3.383 [...] Objective: To determine if there is evidence for a causal relationship between acute encephalopathy followed by permanent brain injury or death associated with the administration of further attenuated measles vaccines (Attenuvax or Lirugen, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Kansas City, MO), mumps vaccine (Mumpsvax, Merck and Co, Inc, West Point, PA), or rubella vaccines (Meruvax or Meruvax II, Merck and Co, Inc, West Point, PA), combined measles and rubella vaccine (M-R-Vax or M-R-Vax II, Merck and Co, Inc, West Point, PA), or combined measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (M-M-R or M-M-R II, Merck and Co, Inc, West Point, PA), the lead author reviewed claims submitted to the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. [...] Conclusions: This clustering suggests that a causal relationship between measles vaccine and encephalopathy may exist as a rare complication of measles immunization.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The pH for the coronavirus varies from 5.5 to 8.5. What we need to do to defeat the coronavirus is to consume more alkaline foods above the virus\u2019 pH level.", "evidence": "Now, a message claims that the pH value of the novel coronavirus ranges between 5.5 and 8.5 and thus, one should consume alkaline food that are above the pH level of the virus so as to prevent its spread. This information is being attributed to a research published in the Journal of Virology. [...] pH VALUES, COVID-19 AND ALKALINE FOODS pH levels range from 0 to 14, with pH values less than 7 being acidic and more than 7 being basic in nature. [...] \"Viruses do not have pH values. Rather no living organism has pH values. The relation between alkaline foods and the novel coronavirus is totally baseless.\"Dr Shaheed Jameel, leading virologist", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cAll these vaccines are causing harm to our kids\u201d; \u201cThe fully unvaccinated kids are always healthier\u201d; \u201cvaccines are causing chronic disease in America\u201d", "evidence": "Campaigners have been gathering outside schools, handing out what they claim are legal documents or \"notices of liability\" to head teachers, warning them not to vaccinate children. [...] This was determined by doctors who examined the patient and had access to their medical records and test results. [...] These campaigns appear to be having a wide reach, with protests at schools across the UK.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The way urine reacts to salt is a test for pregnancy", "evidence": "Home pregnancy test kits detect pregnancy by picking up on the presence of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine. Pregnancy can also be detected at the clinic using a blood test for hCG. The claim that pregnancy can be confirmed by the way salt reacts to urine appears to borrow elements from how home pregnancy test kits work. However, there\u2019s no known mechanism by which salt reacts to the presence of hCG, and thus it isn\u2019t a reliable method for confirming pregnancy.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Scientists were caught 'adjusting' sea level data to create false impression of rising oceans", "evidence": "Global sea levels have been ticking steadily higher by about an eighth of an inch (3.2 millimeters) each year since scientists began measuring them two decades ago. That\u2019s why Carmen Boening, a research scientist at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, was so shocked in 2010 and 2011, when she saw a quarter-inch (five-millimeter) drop in sea level \u2013 a sudden reversal of the trend. [...] Scientists will continue learning more about the ocean\u2019s intricacies, correcting assumptions and revising old estimates. But Willis warns against losing sight of the strong global trend toward rising sea levels.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Solar forcings are not too small to explain twentieth century warming. In fact, their effect could be equal to or greater than the effect of CO2 in the atmosphere.", "evidence": "The warming influence of CO2 has been much greater than that of the Sun over the past century, and the pattern of observed climate change cannot be explained by solar forcing.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Placing raw onion on the bottom of the feet eliminates illness", "evidence": "A video circulating on Facebook is spreading unproven claims about the supposed benefits of raw onions. In the video, Barbara O'Neill, an Australian naturopath and health lecturer, suggests placing raw onions on the soles of the feet to treat illnesses like colds and coughs. [...] Claims that placing onions on the soles of the feet can effectively alleviate cold or cough symptoms due to larger pores in that area are not supported by scientific evidence and consequently not endorsed by medical professionals. [...] There is no medical evidence to support the claim that placing raw onions on the soles of the feet can specifically target the chest or alleviate congestion. This claim is a myth and is a common folk remedy that lacks scientific credibility.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Earth about to enter 30-YEAR \u2018Mini Ice Age\u2019", "evidence": "During the winter months, colder weather typically doesn\u2019t phase residents of the midwest or northeast United States. But things may get chillier in the coming years as scientists are predicting a mini-ice age with temperatures dropping in 2021, all thanks to the sun\u2019s solar cycle. [...] The models show that two of the sun\u2019s magnetic waves will decrease and become out of sync starting in 2021. As a result, the solar cycles will end up canceling each other out, sending the world into a mini-ice age that will last 33 years. [...] \"I hope global warming will be overridden by this effect, giving humankind and the Earth 30 years to sort out our pollution,\" Zharkova told Sky News. \"We have to be sorted by that time and prepare everything on Earth for the next big solar activity,\" she said.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cDissolution of Spike Protein by Nattokinase: Holy Grail of COVID-19 Vaccine Detoxification\u201d; long COVID is caused by persistent spike protein in the body", "evidence": "Degradative Effect of Nattokinase on Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 - PMID: 36080170 - PMCID: PMC9458005 - DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175405 Degradative Effect of Nattokinase on Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged as a pandemic and has inflicted enormous damage on the lives of the people and economy of many countries worldwide. However, therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. SARS-CoV-2 has a spike protein (S protein), and cleavage of the S protein is essential for viral entry. Nattokinase is produced by Bacillus subtilis var. natto and is beneficial to human health. In this study, we examined the effect of nattokinase on the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. When cell lysates transfected with S protein were incubated with nattokinase, the S protein was degraded in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that S protein on the cell surface was degraded when nattokinase was added to the culture medium. Thus, our findings suggest that nattokinase exhibits potential for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection via S protein degradation.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The cyclical activity of the Sun as well as other variations in solar and earth activity, and NOT anthropogenic CO2 emissions, are responsible for climate change", "evidence": "Planetary Alignments, Solar Activity and Climatic Change [...] Historical data suggest a relation between the changing level of solar activity and climatic change on Earth. Since there is also evidence that the solar cycle of activity is influenced by the alignments of the planets, through tidal interactions with the Sun, it seems that climatic change might be predicted by studying these alignments. [...] Recent cyclic changes in climate and in abundance of marine life", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Measles vaccine caused Samoa measles outbreak", "evidence": "Kennedy\u2019s charity shared a Nov. 19 letter he wrote to Samoan Prime Minister Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi, in which Kennedy encouraged officials to examine the MMR vaccine. \"To safeguard public health during the current infection and in the future, it is critical that the Samoan Health Ministry determine, scientifically, if the outbreak was caused by inadequate vaccine coverage or alternatively, by a defective vaccine,\" he wrote. [...] The World Health Organization estimated that in 2018, only 31 percent of infants in Samoa received the measles vaccine, a drop from 60 to 70 percent in previous years. The WHO attributed the extremely low rate in part to a public health scandal: Last year, two infants in Samoa died within hours of receiving the MMR vaccine. The country temporarily halted its vaccine program, but the vaccine did not cause the deaths. Two nurses improperly mixed the vaccines with a liquid muscle relaxant instead of water. The pair were sentenced to five years in prison for manslaughter. [...] Several countries, including Australia and New Zealand, which is contending with its own measles outbreak, have sent nurses and vaccines to Samoa. By mid-November, the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund delivered 110,500 doses of measles vaccine.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The DTaP vaccine causes SIDS", "evidence": "Although cases of SIDS have occurred after the DTaP vaccine, there is no evidence to support the claim that the DTaP vaccine has caused these cases. Studies show that DTaP vaccines, and vaccination in general, are not associated with an increased risk of SIDS.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Flat-topped landforms, such as buttes and mesas, are the remains of giant ancient trees. Tree features can be seen in Devils Tower, for example \u2013 the large hexagonal columns are fibers of a tree that would have been 19,000 feet tall. Other tree features can be seen in buttes and mesas, such as sloped sides and flat tops that look like tree stumps after trees are cut down.", "evidence": "The videos linked above claim that certain landforms (e.g., buttes and mesas) are remnants of giant ancient trees. However, as we will detail below, this is incorrect because it is inconsistent with over a century of evidence from geological research. Through this research, geologists determined that certain rock types are more resistant to weathering and erosion than others. When exposed to natural elements \u2013 such as wind, rain, and heat \u2013 certain rocks are more resistant to decomposition (i.e., weathering) and displacement (i.e., erosion). As a result, some rocks more quickly break down and are transported away by wind, water, and gravity, while others remain in place longer. This process is key to the shaping of many landforms \u2013 including plateaus, mesas, buttes, and pinnacles, shown in Figure 1 below.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths", "evidence": "There is no link between COVID-19 vaccination and an increased risk of stillbirth, despite such claims online. In fact, vaccination has been shown in multiple studies to reduce the risk of stillbirth by protecting pregnant people and their babies from the coronavirus. [...] A meta-analysis of 111 studies, which included more than 42,000 pregnant women, found that COVID-19 significantly increased the risk of premature delivery, preeclampsia, neonatal death, maternal death and stillbirth. The risk of stillbirth among those with COVID-19 was nearly 2.4 times higher than for women without COVID-19. [...] Given that COVID-19 increases the risk of stillbirth, it\u2019s reasonable to think there might have been an increase in stillbirth rates over the past couple of years. The most recent national data only go up to 2020, and the rate of 5.74 deaths per 1,000 births was not significantly different from the rate of 5.70 in 2019. This fact was mentioned by Thorp in the Epoch Times article, although he cherry-picked a comparison with 2018, when the rate was slightly higher.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Arctic sea ice is not melting and there is no indication that we should expect the Arctic sea summer ice to disappear completely, as predicted", "evidence": "Studies differ widely in their predictions of when summer sea ice will melt completely. Current climate models tend to underestimate the rate of sea ice retreat.10) Prior to the events of 2007, the IPCC forecasted an ice-free Arctic for the latter part of the twenty-first century.11) The panel reported that \"the projected reduction [in global sea ice cover] is accelerated in the Arctic, where some models suggest that summer sea ice cover could disappear entirely in the high-emission A2 scenario in the latter part of the 21st century.\"12) Most studies published since the sea ice collapse of 2007 expect a dramatic reduction of summer ice by the mid-2020s. In an interview with National Geographic, Mark Serreze from the National Snow and ice Data Center (NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado is on record saying the Arctic\u2019s summer sea ice will fully melt around 2030. Other scientists do not expect the summer ice to survive beyond 2017.13)", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Doctors murdered to protect Big Pharma profits and silence holistic health practitioners", "evidence": "One of the cases Elizabeth most often refers to in hers series is that of Teresa Sievers. Dr. Sievers was involved in holistic medicine and her murder was complex and mysterious enough to be featured on the CBS program \"48 hours.\" However, the investigation ultimately ended in the arrest of her husband on the suspicion that he paid a man to kill her for a life insurance payout. The case is still working its way through the courts. Another notable case involved the brutal and premeditated killing of a Southern California doctor who combined conventional and holistic medicine, Weidong \"Henry\" Han. Dr. Han, along with his wife and five year old daughter, were killed by a former business partner for financial gain, as reported by the Associated Press: [...] - Jessica Colker, wife of a holistic doctor (killed by a convicted rapist recently released from jail who later turned himself in)", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cThe Government has released their initial plans to force a vaccine on everyone\u201d; \u201cThree potential vaccines are currently in Stage 3 trials in the United States and could be ready in weeks\u201d", "evidence": "Several COVID-19 vaccines are currently being developed, but it is extremely unlikely that they will be released within three weeks. It is also unlikely that a COVID-19 vaccine will be compulsory for everyone. Even if a COVID-19 vaccine candidate successfully reaches Phase 3 of clinical trials, it must still go through a long process of approval and manufacturing.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Health authorities like the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discourage people from wearing face masks", "evidence": "The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends wearing masks if you choose to, and in specific places and situations. [...] - Don't put masks on anyone who has trouble breathing or is unconscious or otherwise unable to remove the mask without help. [...] Experts do not recommend using face shields instead of masks. It's not clear how much protection shields provide. But wearing a face mask may not be possible in every situation. If you must use a face shield instead of a mask, choose one that wraps around the sides of your face and extends below your chin.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "The measles outbreak is directly caused by illegal immigration", "evidence": "A Facebook meme incorrectly blames the measles outbreak in the U.S. on immigrants from South America. The virus, however, was eliminated there in 2016. The recent uptick in measles cases is due to travelers returning from countries with outbreaks. The outbreak of measles in the U.S. and around the world is due largely to inadequate vaccination rates in some communities, not illegal immigration, as one popular meme on Facebook claims. The meme shows a picture of a baby who appears to be infected with measles and says: \"Thanks to a highly effective vaccination program the Measles virus was eliminated from the U.S. in 2000. Thanks to the immigrants who illegally cross the U.S. Mexican border, and the Democrats who refuse to stop them, the Measles virus has been declared a public health emergency in 2019.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "May 2024 auroras were caused by experiments from High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) experiments", "evidence": "The High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) is a research facility that uses a high-power, high-frequency transmitter to study the physical properties and behavior of the highest point of the atmosphere, the ionosphere. Radio transmissions from HAARP only cause small effects in the ionosphere that last for a brief span of a few seconds. HAARP is incapable of causing the magnitude of aurora effects witnessed in May 2024; evidence shows these effects were caused by mass ejections of magnetized plasma from the Sun.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is sort of the voice of the consensus, concedes that there has been no increase in extreme weather events.", "evidence": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations. Its job is to advance scientific knowledge about climate change caused by human activities.[1] The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) set up the IPCC in 1988. The United Nations endorsed the creation of the IPCC later that year.[2] It has a secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, hosted by the WMO. It has 195 member states who govern the IPCC.[3] The member states elect a bureau of scientists to serve through an assessment cycle. A cycle is usually six to seven years. The bureau selects experts in their fields to prepare IPCC reports.[4] There is a formal nomination process by governments and observer organizations to find these experts. The IPCC has three working groups and a task force, which carry out its scientific work.[4] [...] - ^ \"What is the IPCC?\". Energy & Climate Intelligence Unit. 18 October 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2022.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Scientists predicted global cooling and were wrong, so they are wrong about global warming", "evidence": "Scientists increasingly predict warming, 1970s [edit]In the early 1970s, evidence that aerosols were increasing worldwide and that the global temperature series showed cooling encouraged Reid Bryson and some others to warn of the possibility of severe cooling. The questions and concerns put forth by Bryson and others launched a new wave of research into the factors of such global cooling.[59] Meanwhile, the new evidence that the timing of ice ages was set by predictable orbital cycles suggested that the climate would gradually cool, over thousands of years. [...] Such media coverage heralding the coming of a new ice age resulted in beliefs that this was the consensus among scientists, despite this not being reflected by the scientific literature. As it became apparent that scientific opinion was in favor of global warming, the public began to express doubt over how trustworthy the science was.[59] The argument that scientists were wrong about global cooling, so therefore may be wrong about global warming has been called \"the \"Ice Age Fallacy\" by Time author Bryan Walsh.[79]", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Fungi are the cause of cancer", "evidence": "Fungi, such as yeasts, molds, and dermatophytes, are primarily associated with common skin infections like athlete's foot and nail fungus. However, recent research has raised questions about their potential role in cancer development. While no direct evidence suggests that fungus directly causes cancer, there is a link worth exploring. [...] While the potential connection between fungus and cancer is intriguing, there's no need to panic. Here are some practical measures you can take to minimize your risk: [...] The potential link between fungus and cancer is a complex and evolving area of research. While no definitive evidence suggests that fungus directly causes cancer, remaining vigilant about your health is essential. Take preventive measures, practice good hygiene, and consult with professionals for early detection and treatment of fungal infections.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cNew medicine normalizes blood sugar levels after the first use\u201d", "evidence": "- Researchers may have discovered a safe new way to manage blood sugar non-invasively. Exposing diabetic mice to a combination of static electric and magnetic fields for a few hours per day normalizes blood sugar and insulin resistance. The unexpected and surprising discovery raises the possibility of using electromagnetic fields (EMFs) as a remote control to manage type 2 diabetes. Researchers from the University of Iowa may have discovered a safe new way to manage blood sugar non-invasively. Exposing diabetic mice to a combination of static electric and magnetic fields for a few hours per day normalizes two major hallmarks of type 2 diabetes, according to new findings published Oct. 6 in Cell Metabolism. \"We've built a remote control to manage diabetes,\" says Calvin Carter, PhD, one of the study's lead authors and a postdoc in the lab of senior author Val Sheffield, MD, PhD, professor of pediatrics, and of ophthalmology and visual sciences at the UI Carver College of Medicine. \"Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) for relatively short periods reduces blood sugar and normalizes the body's response to insulin. The effects are long-lasting, opening the possibility of an EMF therapy that can be applied during sleep to manage diabetes all day.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Whooping cough vaccine was never necessary, DTaP vaccine is linked to sudden infant death syndrome", "evidence": "Whooping cough causes the body to produce very thick mucus that can block the airways, which induces violent coughing. This coughing, also called paroxysmal coughing, can be strong enough to break ribs, burst blood vessels, and produce hernias. Other complications associated with whooping cough are bacterial pneumonia, seizures, and brain inflammation. Childhood vaccination helps to prevent diseases that are associated with potentially serious complications leading to disability and death.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Surface air temperatures at the bottom of the world have risen three times faster than the global average since the 1990s.", "evidence": "The South Pole is warming at a rate nearly three times faster than the global average, scientists have discovered. And much of that warming is linked to climate cycles happening thousands of miles away in the tropics. [...] The study, led by Kyle Clem of Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand, examined surface air temperatures at the world's southernmost weather observatory: the Amundsen-Scott station, located almost directly on top of the geographic South Pole. It's a lonely, snow-covered outpost in the middle of the Antarctic continent, in a place where winter temperatures can drop below minus 100 degrees Fahrenheit. The researchers found that temperatures there have been rising by about a degree Fahrenheit each decade since the start of the 1990s. That's about three times faster than the global average.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cBuy yourselves charcoal activated tablets [\u2026] it will counteract most date rape drugs\u201d", "evidence": "- A single dose of activated charcoal is recommended for people who come to the emergency department within four hours of taking drugs. This acts to prevent absorption of the medication. It is a black powder that is mixed with water and given to you to drink. Side effects can include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are experimental, \u201cineffective and harmful\u201d", "evidence": "Factually inaccurate: COVID-19 mRNA vaccines went through multiple stages of clinical testing to ensure their safety and effectiveness. As they\u2019ve already cleared clinical trials, they\u2019re no longer experimental. The trials and real-world data have also shown that COVID-19 vaccines are effective at reducing the risk of severe disease and death. A Facebook reel posted on 26 April 2024 by the Pastor Chris Facebook page, which has more than two million followers, claimed that COVID-19 vaccines are \"ineffective and harmful\". In the reel, faith leader and preacher Chris Oyakhilome called COVID-19 mRNA vaccines \"terrible\". This was followed by remarks from several individuals\u2014Robert Malone, Sucharit Bhakdi, and Peter McCullough\u2014all of whom have spread COVID-19 vaccine misinformation. [...] The claim that the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are \"harmful\" is misleading. While COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are indeed linked to a slight increase in the risk of myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle), COVID-19 itself is associated with a greater risk of heart inflammation and other health complications[3]. On balance, the benefits of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines outweigh their risks.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "There are no FDA-approved COVID-19 vaccines on the U.S market as of May 2023", "evidence": "- The Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 vaccine is no longer available in the United States. All government-issued doses expired on May 7, 2023. [...] At the time of this publication, three COVID-19 vaccines are currently approved under a BLA or authorized under an EUA by FDA: [...] Shortly following the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines CDC launched a v-safe pregnancy registry to collect additional data on COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy. At the time the registry closed in May 2023 there were approximately 23,000 pregnant individuals enrolled. Data collected from the v-safe pregnancy registry did not indicate any safety concerns based on the reactogenicity profile and adverse events observed among pregnant individuals. Additionally, side effects were similar in pregnant and nonpregnant populations. Specific neonatal outcomes data published in The New England Journal of Medicine, along with pregnancy complication data from 275 completed pregnancies presented at the March 1, 2021 ACIP meeting are included in Table 1.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Patent US5676977A is for AIDS, patent US8835624B1 is for H1N1, patents US7897744B2 and US8506968B2 are for SARS", "evidence": "US5676977A - Method of curing AIDS with tetrasilver tetroxide molecular crystal devices - Google Patents Method of curing AIDS with tetrasilver tetroxide molecular crystal devices Download PDFInfo - Publication number - US5676977A US5676977A US08/658,955 US65895596A US5676977A US 5676977 A US5676977 A US 5676977A US 65895596 A US65895596 A US 65895596A US 5676977 A US5676977 A US 5676977A - Authority - US - United States - Prior art keywords - aids - ism - pathogens - destroying - virus - Prior art date - Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.) [...] - 1996 - 1996-05-31 US US08/658,955 patent/US5676977A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related - 1997 - 1997-05-29 EP EP97927896A patent/EP1024817A4/en not_active Withdrawn - 1997-05-29 WO PCT/US1997/009411 patent/WO1997045133A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation - 1997-05-29 IL IL12728797A patent/IL127287A/en not_active IP Right Cessation", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "VAERS data are \u201ccrystal clear\u201d: \u201cthe COVID vaccines are killing people\u201d", "evidence": "A blog post shared on Facebook claimed that COVID-19 vaccines have killed some 676,000 people in the U.S. [...] \"VAERS data is crystal clear,\" the headline read. \"The COVID vaccines are killing an estimated 1 person per 1,000 doses (676,000 dead Americans).\" [...] There is no evidence that COVID-19 vaccines have killed people in the U.S. in large numbers, let alone 676,000. We rate the claim Pants on Fire!", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The long-term tide gauge datasets are all in agreement that there is no acceleration", "evidence": "Peer-reviewed global analyses of both tide gauge and satellite data have demonstrated that sea level rise has, in fact, accelerated in recent decades.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "2019 novel coronavirus contains 'pShuttle-SN' sequence proving laboratory origin", "evidence": "He claimed in February 2020 that SARS-CoV-2 contains a genetic sequence, thus proving that the virus was probably engineered in a laboratory, was repeatedly discredited by researchers and fact-checkers.[8] [...] - ^ Teoh, Flora (February 10, 2020). \"2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) does not contain \"pShuttle-SN\" sequence; no evidence that virus is man-made\". Science Feedback. Health Feedback. Retrieved September 16, 2024.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Peer-reviewed studies, geologic records, and all the studies have shown that we have actually cooled since the Roman Warming Period, and likely since the Medieval Warming Period.", "evidence": "Claim that the Earth has cooled since Medieval or Roman times is contradicted by available data [...] Research does not show a Medieval Warm Period warmer than the present day [...] Earth\u2019s mean temperature over the last 2,000 years shows two previous periods when temperatures were warmer than they are now; from 1\u2013200 A.D., an epoch called the Roman Warm Period, and more recently the Medieval Warm Period from 900\u20131100 A.D.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "[A] series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth\u2019s polar ice sheets.", "evidence": "The studies that this article points to make no such claim. This research characterizes the varying temperature conditions at the base of glaciers that cause them to either freeze to the ground or sit on thawed ground. This has important implications for understanding how different portions of the ice sheet will respond to global warming, but it does not explain the glacial ice loss measured over the last century.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Bill Gates-funded company released genetically modified mosquitoes in the U.S. and caused a malaria outbreak", "evidence": "Genetically modified mosquitos released in US not tied to Gates, malaria cases | Fact check [...] \"Bill Gates Develops Malaria Drugs, Then Releases Genetically Modified Mosquitoes into the U.S. \u2013 Now Texas and Florida Are Detecting the Disease, Gates-Funded CDC Is Recommending Those Drugs,\" reads the article's headline. [...] While the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation provided funding to the company Oxitec for \"mosquito field trials\" in September 2020, none of those funds were used to release genetically modified mosquitoes in the U.S. The mosquitoes released by the company in April 2021 were incapable of carrying or spreading malaria.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "this coronavirus genome contained sequences of another virus [\u2026] the HIV virus (AIDS virus)", "evidence": "The genome of the SARS-CoV was recently sequenced [8, 9]. Since it is a member of the Coronaviridae [10], the S2 protein is believed to play a central role in viral entry. Although we found no sequence homology between the SARS-CoV S2 and HIV-1 gp41, a comprehensive sequence analysis reveals that all the above-mentioned elements of gp41 are present also in S2. [...] Herein, we report the identification of the sequence in SARS-CoV S2 protein that is analogous to the C-HR of HIV-1 gp41. This led us to the suggestion that the viral entry mechanisms are analogous and therefore a therapeutic strategy that is being applied against the HIV-1 can be adopted to fight SARS-CoV. [...] SARS-CoV genomic sequence information (NC_004718) was retrieved from GenBank at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The SARS-CoV E2 precursor protein accession number is gi|30023954. This precursor is believed to be post-translationally processed to reveal S1 and S2, as confirmed in other Coronaviridae viruses.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Flu shots spread the flu", "evidence": "The flu vaccine does come with some side effects, but spreading the flu is not one of them. Flu vaccines are made from inactivated virus particles which are no longer infectious and therefore cannot cause the flu.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "a [group] of people is injecting fruits with blood containing HIV and AIDS", "evidence": "Red discoloration in fruit is the result of plant diseases caused by a variety of bacteria and fungi. It is not the result of injected blood. Transmitting HIV through food is also almost impossible, excepting very rare cases involving pre-chewed food given to infants.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A soup made of garlic, onions, thyme, and lemon can replace the flu shot and cure other illnesses such as the common cold and norovirus", "evidence": "Indeed, scientists remain divided on garlic\u2019s ability to combat colds and flu. Last March, a major investigation by the respected global research organisation, the Cochrane Database, found that increasing your garlic intake during winter can cut the duration of cold symptoms\u2013from five-and-a-half days to four-and-a-half. [...] - 1/2 teaspoon cayenne powder - 1/2 cup fresh ginger - 2 1/4 cups sliced onions - 1 1/2 teaspoons chopped fresh thyme - 26 garlic cloves, peeled - 1/2 cup coconut milk - 3 1/2 cups organic vegetable broth - 4 lemon wedges [...] Melt butter in heavy large saucepan over medium-high heat. Add onions, thyme, ginger and cayenne powder and cook until onions are translucent, about 6 minutes. Add roasted garlic and 26 raw garlic cloves and cook for 3 minutes. Add vegetable broth; cover and simmer until garlic is very tender, about 20 minutes. Working in batches, puree soup in blender until smooth. Return soup to saucepan; add coconut milk and bring to simmer. Season with sea salt and pepper for flavour.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "The spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccines is toxic and causes diseases and deaths; nattokinase can counter these effects", "evidence": "No scientific evidence supports McCullough\u2019s claim that the spike protein exposure induced by COVID-19 vaccination is toxic, as Health Feedback explained in earlier reviews. As others did before, McCullough misinterpreted the results of studies that evaluated the effect of the viral spike protein, not the one induced by vaccination. [...] After spending the interview enumerating the wide range of harmful effects that COVID-19 vaccines allegedly cause, McCullough talked about a dietary supplement supposedly capable of countering them all. This supplement contained nattokinase, an enzyme that was first isolated from a traditional Japanese dish called natto and made of fermented soybeans. [...] No evidence suggests that the spike protein induced by COVID-19 vaccination is toxic. McCullough\u2019s claims that COVID-19 vaccines caused a rise in mortality and medical conditions are also unsupported by scientific evidence. Instead, studies show that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective at preventing severe COVID-19 and death.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Global COVID Vaccine Safety study shows that COVID-19 vaccines are dangerous, inadequately tested; getting vaccinated is more dangerous than getting COVID-19", "evidence": "The researchers also noted that the health risks associated with COVID-19 infection are much higher than those associated with vaccination. \"[M]ultiple studies demonstrated higher risk of developing the events under study, such as [Guillain-Barr\u00e9] syndrome), myocarditis, or ADEM, following SARS-CoV-2 infection than vaccination,\" they wrote. For example, the risk of experiencing a neurological event after a COVID-19 infection is 617-times higher than it is after a COVID-19 vaccination. The risk of myocarditis and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 are also much higher after a COVID-19 infection than a vaccination. Overall, \"[t]he odds of all of these adverse events is still much, much higher when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), so getting vaccinated is still by far the safer choice,\" said Jacob Glanville, CEO of the biotechnology company Centivax, who was not involved in the study. (Choi, The Hill, 2/19; Johnson, Forbes, 2/19; Gale, Bloomberg, 2/18; Choi/Weixel, The Hill, 2/20)", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cSalt does not raise blood pressure\u201d", "evidence": "Campaign groups, such as CASH (Consensus Action on Salt and Health), have successfully worked with Government and food manufacturers to bring down the amount of salt in processed foods, which has resulted in falls in blood pressure figures \u2013 a key indicator that reducing your salt intake reaps results. [...] Although salt does not affect blood glucose levels, it\u2019s important to limit the amount you eat as part of your diabetes management because too much salt can raise your blood pressure. People with diabetes are more likely to be affected by high blood pressure, which increases the risk of heart disease, stroke and kidney disease. [...] Being aware of the sources of added salt and following a few simple steps you can easily reduce the amount of salt you eat.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "there are no studies that prove vaccines don\u2019t cause autism", "evidence": "The press release, stating that \"CDC concedes in federal court that there are no studies that prove vaccines don\u2019t cause autism\", is founded on the recently concluded proceedings of a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) lawsuit filed by ICAN against the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The lawsuit requested that the CDC produce studies showing that the DTaP, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, PCV13 (pneumococcal conjugate) and inactivated polio vaccines\u2014the vaccines used within the first six months of life\u2014do not cause autism. The CDC responded with a list of 20 peer-reviewed studies[1-20], several of which can already be found on its website. However, ICAN inexplicably concluded that this list meant that \"there are no studies that prove vaccines don\u2019t cause autism\", because \"it has no studies to support that [DTaP, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, PCV13 and inactivated polio vaccines] do not cause autism\". Many studies have already shown that vaccines don\u2019t cause autism and no biological mechanism has ever been found to support this link, despite the pseudoscientific theories behind thimerosal and aluminum adjuvants.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cCoronavirus quickly spread around the world as early as October 2019\u201d", "evidence": "The next severe pandemic will not only cause great illness and loss of life but could also trigger major cascading economic and societal consequences that could contribute greatly to global impact and suffering. The Event 201 pandemic exercise, conducted on October 18, 2019, vividly demonstrated a number of these important gaps in pandemic preparedness as well as some of the elements of the solutions between the public and private sectors that will be needed to fill them. The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, World Economic Forum, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation jointly propose these recommendations. [...] The Event 201 pandemic exercise, conducted on October 18, 2019, vividly demonstrated a number of these important gaps in pandemic preparedness as well as some of the elements of the solutions between the public and private sectors that will be needed to fill them. The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, World Economic Forum, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation jointly propose the following: [...] October 15, 2019 - Players for Event 201, a pandemic exercise, include global business leaders and prominent government and public health leaders\u2014livestream open to all", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "We do not know if CO2 is the cause of global warming", "evidence": "We know that CO2 causes global warming through the greenhouse effect based on overwhelming evidence from data collected over decades of investigation. There is international scientific consensus that elevated atmospheric-CO2 from human emissions is not just a cause of global warming, it is the leading cause of global warming.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Masks do nothing to prevent the spread of pathogens", "evidence": "Face masks are safe to use and are not associated with oxygen deficiency. Although more research is needed to better establish the efficacy of face masks in reducing disease transmission and the mechanisms behind their efficacy, a growing evidence base indicates that face masks have a beneficial effect in reducing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19. However, masks do not provide 100% protection and must also be combined with other transmission control measures such as physical distancing and good hand hygiene.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2", "evidence": "Global sea level has risen significantly over the last century, and at an accelerating rate. Multiple lines of evidence clearly demonstrate that this is largely due to the expansion of warming seawater (an inescapable consequence of the laws of physics) and the melting of glacial ice on land.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "AIDS was cured in more than a dozen patients", "evidence": "The first person to be cured of HIV was Timothy Ray Brown, an American who received a pioneering stem cell transplant back in 2007, six years before Franke. There are now seven patients who have been cured. The latest case was revealed at AIDS 2024, the 25th International AIDS Conference, in Munich last week, although this patient has requested anonymity. [...] Finally, and most important, in many cases, such stem cell transplants do not eliminate the virus from the body. An international collaboration called IciStem has begun collecting tissue from the dozens of HIV patients who have received such transplants. The goal is to understand more about why individuals like Franke have been cured while others were not. \"The question is why was it successful in these seven cases?\" says Christian Gaebler, the doctor at Berlin\u2019s Charit\u00e9 hospital who presented data on the latest patient to be cured at AIDS 2024. \"Were there features in the patient which gave them a better starting point to achieve HIV remission or was there something unique about the immune responses of the donor, which created a better chance of depleting these HIV reservoirs.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "the IPCC is wrong \u2212 the sun, not CO2, drove modern global warming", "evidence": "This article presents a long list of inaccurate claims, but focuses on the idea that the Sun\u2014rather than human-caused greenhouse gas emissions\u2014is responsible for global warming. The available evidence and research clearly shows that this claim is incorrect. Measured patterns of warming, and monitoring of incoming solar energy, rule out the Sun as the source of warming.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "There isn\u2019t yet any empirical evidence for their claim that greenhouse gases even cause temperatures to increase.", "evidence": "Human-caused global warming is not a theoretical, future prediction\u2014it has already occurred. Warming of the atmosphere and oceans is extensively documented, and the role of increased greenhouse gases in this warming has been determined from multiple lines of evidence.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "18 proxies tell us the world was the same or warmer 1,000 years ago", "evidence": "Thermometers, ice cores, isotopes. Because each of these approaches measures slightly different things - atmosphere versus ocean, gases versus isotopes, temperatures hundreds of years ago versus temperatures millions of years ago, seasonal versus annual versus time-averaged temperatures - matching them up with one another and building one continuous record of temperature through Earth\u2019s history is a difficult task. This problem becomes even harder as we move further back in time because our ability to assign an exact age to a measurement decreases. To ensure we make the most accurate measurements possible, each proxy requires a specific expertise in the field and in the lab in addition to an understanding of how these methods work in modern settings through empirical observations and/or experimentation. Because these proxies tell us slightly different stories, scientists applying different methods to the geologic record with the same goal of better understanding and quantifying ancient Earth\u2019s temperatures must collaborate to tell the complete story of our planet\u2019s past. Events like the Paleoclimate Symposium at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History provide forums in which scientists can share their knowledge, discuss these problems, and reach a working consensus as a community.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Sweden Bans Mandatory Vaccinations Over 'Serious Heath [sic] Concerns'", "evidence": "Mandatory vaccination was not \"banned\" in Sweden because of \"serious health concerns\" as claimed by multiple outlets", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The current solar minimum could last for more than three decades which could lead to temperatures plummeting across the globe, scientists have warned.", "evidence": "Why did Earth\u2019s surface temperature stop rising in the past decade? [...] During the last decade, a longer than usual solar minimum cycle, several volcanic eruptions, and relatively low amounts of water vapor in the stratosphere may have helped cool the atmosphere temporarily. But recent research suggests that the Earth\u2019s natural climate variability\u2014natural, short-term fluctuations in the climate system that occur on a year-to-year basis or longer\u2014may have played the most pivotal role of all by transferring excess heat from the Earth\u2019s surface into the deep ocean. [...] Kosaka Y., and S-P. Xie (2013) Recent global-warming hiatus tied to equatorial Pacific surface cooling. Nature, 501, 403-407, doi: 10.1038/nature12534", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Vaccines, MTHFR mutation, and glyphosate lead to autism in children with brain injury", "evidence": "Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism with autism: evidence of genetic susceptibility - PMID: 26956130 - DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9815-0 Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism with autism: evidence of genetic susceptibility Autism (MIM 209850) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disease that manifests within the first 3 years of life. Numerous articles reported that dysfunctional folate-methionine pathway enzymes may play an important role in the pathophysiology of autism. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical enzyme of this pathway and MTHFR C677T polymorphism reported as risk factor for autism in several case control studies. However, controversial reports were also published. Hence the present meta-analysis was designed to investigate the relationship of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism with the risk of autism. Electronic databases were searched for case control studies with following search terms - 'MTHFR', 'C677T', in combination with 'Autism'. Pooled OR with its corresponding 95 % CI was calculated and used as association measure to investigate the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of autism. Total of thirteen studies were found suitable for the inclusion in the present meta-analysis, which comprises 1978 cases and 7257 controls.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "U.S. deaths from COVID-19 hit 1 million", "evidence": "The United States is nearing 1 million deaths from covid \u2014 a number that few thought possible when the pandemic began. In March 2020, Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said that based on modeling of the pace of the coronavirus\u2019s spread in the U.S. at that time, \"between 100,000 and 200,000\" people may die from covid. Reaching a million deaths seemed even more improbable when safe and effective vaccines came onto the market in December 2020. More than 60% of the 977,000 deaths have occurred since then.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth\u2019s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as \u201cwarming\u201d[...]. In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet", "evidence": "It was the year 1958, to be precise, when NASA first observed that changes in the solar orbit of the earth, along with alterations to the earth\u2019s axial tilt, are both responsible for what climate scientists today have dubbed as \"warming\" (or \"cooling,\" depending on their agenda). In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet by driving SUVs or eating beef, in other words. [...] As for earth\u2019s obliquity, or its change in axial tilt, the below two images (Robert Simmon, NASA GSFC) show the degree to which the earth can shift on both its axis and its rotational orientation. At the higher tilts, earth\u2019s seasons become much more extreme, while at lower tilts they become much more mild. A similar situation exists for earth\u2019s rotational axis, which depending on which hemisphere is pointed at the sun during perihelion, can greatly impact the seasonal extremes between the two hemispheres. Based on these different variables, Milankovitch was able to come up with a comprehensive mathematical model that is able to compute surface temperatures on earth going way back in time, and the conclusion is simple: Earth\u2019s climate has always been changing, and is in a constant state of flux due to no fault of our own as human beings.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cAutism is nothing more than mercury toxicity\u201c; vaccine ingredients are toxic", "evidence": "Vaccines do not cause autism or mercury toxicity. The amount of mercury that infants receive through their diet is more than twice the amount ever contained in vaccines. Scientific evidence shows that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) arises through a combination of genetics and environment. Twin studies demonstrate a strong heritable component to ASD, with heritability estimates ranging from about 30 to 90%. Many genes involved in ASD risk are associated with brain and neuronal development.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Study in Italy shows nearly 1 in 3 COVID vaccine recipients have neurological side effects, indicating an \u201cunacceptable\u201d safety profile", "evidence": "Mild neurological effects of the COVID-19 vaccine include weakness, numbness, headache, dizziness, imbalance, fatigue, muscle spasms, joint pain, and restless leg syndrome are more common, while tremors, tinnitus, and herpes zoster are less common. On the other hand, severe neurological complications included Bell's palsy, Guillain\u2013Barre syndrome (GBS), stroke, seizures, anaphylaxis, and demyelinating syndromes such as transverse myelitis and acute encephalomyelitis [10]. Among these, the most dangerous neurological complication caused by COVID-19 vaccines, especially adenovirus-based, is cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in women of childbearing age [8]. [...] Hosseini, R., Askari, N. A review of neurological side effects of COVID-19 vaccination. Eur J Med Res 28, 102 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-00992-0", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Melting of Arctic sea ice and polar icecaps is not occurring at \u2018unnatural\u2019 rates and does not constitute evidence of a human impact on the climate.", "evidence": "Global temperatures have risen an average of 1.4\u02da F since 1880. Sea ice in the Arctic has thinned and decreased in the last few decades; the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are decreasing in mass. The North and South Poles are warming faster than anywhere else on Earth. Glaciers are retreating on mountains all over the world. Spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere has decreased over the last 50 years. [...] Here is how scientists know that the climate change we are experiencing is mainly due to human activity and not a result of natural phenomenon. [...] Evidence from ocean sediments, ice cores, tree rings, sedimentary rocks and coral reefs show that the current warming is occurring 10 times faster than it did in the past when Earth emerged from the ice ages, at a rate unprecedented in the last 1,300 years.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "ADHD is a fake disease invented by Big Pharma to drug children for profit", "evidence": "I\u2019ve been seeing this story making the rounds about how the alleged \"inventor\" of ADHD (a Dr. Eisenberg) had a sort of deathbed confession, and, in an interview with Der Spiegel 7 months before he died at 87, said, \"ADHD is a prime example of a fictitious disease.\" Leon Eisenberg, the father of ADHD, is quoted as saying in Der Spiegel that \"ADHD is a fictitious disease\" (shortly before his death). [...] We found that the German-language version of Der Spiegel ran an article in 2012 that skeptically examined the large increase in diagnoses of mental disorders in recent years and quoted Dr. Eisenberg on that subject. A software-based translation of that article from German to English does describe Dr. Eisenberg as the \"father of ADHD\" and report that during his \"last interview\" he said something similar to \"ADHD is a prime example of a fictitious disease.\" However, when one allows for the vagaries of translation from German to English and reads the statement in context, it's clear that Dr. Eisenberg wasn't asserting that ADHD isn't a real disorder, but rather that he thought the influence of genetic predispositions for ADHD (rather than social/environmental risk factors) were vastly overestimated:", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cNo childhood vaccine has ever been through a double blind placebo controlled trial.\u201d", "evidence": "I think they mean that we haven\u2019t done the best study. Those of us in the scientific and medical fields frequently demand well-designed studies \u2014 like double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trials \u2014 so why not apply that same requirement to vaccines? Why hasn\u2019t anybody ever done that study? [...] The placebo group shouldn\u2019t have any side effects \u2014 nothing significant, anyway. Sure, some of these kids will have autism, allergic reactions, or other problems \u2014 because, well, these things happen \u2014 but we\u2019ll know it isn\u2019t because of the vaccines. We would compare the rates of these side effects to those in the vaccine group. If the rates of, say autism, are the same in the vaccine group as the placebo group, we could conclude that vaccines don\u2019t cause autism. [...] Hopefully, you\u2019ve realized (if you didn\u2019t already) why we haven\u2019t done this study \u2014 and why we never will. Vaccines prevent disease \u2014 in your child, your child\u2019s friends, and people who can\u2019t be vaccinated. Vaccines save lives. No, we don\u2019t have a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing our vaccine schedule to placebo. But we do have some pretty convincing evidence. Check it out for yourself.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Thai princess \u201cmost likely a victim of the jab\u201d, Thailand \u201ccould become the first country in the world to nullify the contract between the government and Pfizer\u201d", "evidence": "Top Thai authorities including advisors to the King have been in discussions with Prof. Sucharit Bhakdi and are prepared to see to it that the Pfizer contracts are declared null and void!! The Royal Family has been alerted that the princess is most likely a victim of the jab!! The Thai Princess who collapsed 23 days after her booster is still in a coma. The Royal Family have been alerted that the purported diagnosis of a bacterial infection is \u2018ridiculous\u2019 and that she is most likely the victim of the jab. Thai Government Vows to be \"First Country\" to Declare Pfizer Contracts \"Null\" After Princess Drops of Heart Attack, Dr. Bhakdi Presents \"Fraud\"", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "\"A third of Antarctic ice shelf risks collapse as our planet warms\"", "evidence": "A third of Antarctic ice shelf risks collapse at 4\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels, as accurately described in CNN article", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "You have a 0.03[%] chance of dying from [COVID-19] in the state of California. [...] it\u2019s similar to the flu.", "evidence": "We\u2019ve tested over 4 million\u2026 which gives us a 19.6% positive out of those who are tested for COVID-19. So if this is a typical extrapolation 328 million people times 19.6 is 64 million. That\u2019s a significant amount of people with COVID; it\u2019s similar to the flu. If you study the numbers in 2017 and 2018 we had 50 to 60 million with the flu. And we had a similar death rate in the deaths the United States were 43,545\u2014similar to the flu of 2017-2018. We always have between 37,000 and 60,000 deaths in the United States, every single year. No pandemic talk. No shelter-in-place. No shutting down businesses\u2026", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cThere is a cure to every d!isease\u201d; herbs can cure cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer\u2019s", "evidence": "Herbal remedies and traditional medicines are used by millions of people around the world. Chamomile can make us feel soothed and relaxed, while ginger can boost digestion and echinacea is thought to support the immune system. Medicinal herbs, leaves and roots are used to prevent and treat common ailments from colds and anxiety to nausea and skin ailments. [...] Today, plants are helping to cure some of the world's deadliest diseases. According to the World Health Organisation, globally the most common causes of death are heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections and Alzheimer diseases and other dementias. Diarrhoeal diseases, cancer and diabetes are also big killers. There are treatments that were originally derived from nature available for almost all of them. [...] Childhood leukaemia is treated with drugs derived from the Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus, a decorative herb native to the island of Madagascar. The Indigenous People of the island traditionally use the plant to treat diabetes. When western researchers were investigating its chemical properties in the 1950s, they realised that extracts from the plant contained chemicals with anti-cancer properties.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Pfizer admits that vaccinated people can shed the vaccine on unvaccinated people", "evidence": "CLAIM: Pfizer admits in its COVID-19 clinical trial protocol document that vaccinated people can \"shed\" the vaccine, emitting materials that can spread to unvaccinated people by inhalation or skin contact. [...] THE FACTS: Pfizer\u2019s COVID-19 vaccine does not shed from person to person, nor has the company admitted any such thing. \"The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is a synthetic mRNA vaccine and does not contain any virus particles. Because there is no virus produced in the body, no shedding occurs within the human body,\" Pfizer spokesperson Jerica Pitts told The Associated Press in an email. \"The vaccine cannot be inhaled via shedding and can only enter the human body through an administered dose.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The EU could SEIZE and SCRAP your old car if it doesn't meet their criteria as part of their climate agenda.", "evidence": "Every year, only about two-thirds of the 10 million end-of-life cars in Europe are recorded as having been deregistered and scrapped. The rest disappear, according to a European Commission report published this week.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age.", "evidence": "['Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction', 'The sun has gone into 'lockdown' which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists', 'The polar bear population has been growing.', \"Ironic' study finds more CO2 has slightly cooled the planet\", 'Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age.'] [...] [[{'id': '449467966088806767', 'distance': 7.698919773101807, 'entity': {'text': 'Over the coming 25 or 30 years, scientists say, the climate is likely to gradually warm. However, researchers also say that this phenomenon can be stopped if human emissions are reduced to zero.'}}]] [[{'id': '449467966088806767', 'distance': 16.795665740966797, 'entity': {'text': 'Over the coming 25 or 30 years, scientists say, the climate is likely to gradually warm. However, researchers also say that this phenomenon can be stopped if human emissions are reduced to zero.'}}]]", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "More people are dying now than at the peak of the pandemic; the COVID-19 vaccines are the cause of the excess deaths seen in late 2022", "evidence": "Excess deaths in 2022 among worst in 50 years - Published [...] Covid is still killing people, but is involved in fewer deaths now than at the start of the pandemic. Roughly 38,000 deaths involved Covid in 2022 compared with more than 95,000 in 2020. We are still seeing more deaths overall than would be expected based on recent history. The difference in 2022 - compared with 2020 and 2021 - is that Covid deaths were one of several factors, rather than the main explanation for this excess.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Unprecedented climate change has caused sea level at Sydney Harbour to rise approximately 0.0 cm over the past 140 years.", "evidence": "The rate of sea-level rise [...] Present-day sea-level rise is a major indicator of climate change1. Since the early 1990s, sea level rose at a mean rate of \u223c3.1 mm yr\u22121 (refs 2, 3). However, over the last decade a slowdown of this rate, of about 30%, has been recorded4,5,6,7,8. It coincides with a plateau in Earth\u2019s mean surface temperature evolution, known as the recent pause in warming1,9,10,11,12. Here we present an analysis based on sea-level data from the altimetry record of the past \u223c20 years that separates interannual natural variability in sea level from the longer-term change probably related to anthropogenic global warming. The most prominent signature in the global mean sea level interannual variability is caused by El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation, through its impact on the global water cycle13,14,15,16. We find that when correcting for interannual variability, the past decade\u2019s slowdown of the global mean sea level disappears, leading to a similar rate of sea-level rise (of 3.3 \u00b1 0.4 mm yr\u22121) during the first and second decade of the altimetry era. Our results confirm the need for quantifying and further removing from the climate records the short-term natural climate variability if one wants to extract the global warming signal10. [...] Church, J. A. & White, N. J. Sea-level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st century. Surveys Geophys.32, 585\u2013602 (2011).", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "That one little burp by Mt. Etna has already put more than 10,000 times the CO2 into the atmosphere than mankind has in our entire time on the Earth", "evidence": "As with all volcanoes, the magma inside Etna holds gas bubbles, such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and water. Etna is one of the gassiest volcanoes on Earth, pumping out more carbon dioxide than any other volcano, said Keith Putirka, an igneous petrologist at California State University, Fresno, who has studied Etna's deep magma system. \"Even though Etna isn't a massive volcano, it puts out massive amounts of carbon dioxide,\" Putirka told LiveScience's OurAmazingPlanet. \"If you threw several more Mount Etnas onto the planet, you could really drive climate change in a serious way.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Chemtrails contain toxic substances such as barium salts that are 10 thousand times more toxic to your nervous system than lead", "evidence": "Barium-induced health effects appear quickly following high-level acute exposure. Symptoms usually resolve soon after exposure ceases. Chronic exposure may result in kidney damage. [...] More information about barium can be obtained from your regional poison control center; your state, county, or local health department; the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR); your doctor; or a clinic in your area that specializes in occupational and environmental health. If the exposure happened at work, you may wish to discuss it with your employer, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Ask the person who gave you this form for help in locating these telephone numbers. [...] ATSDR. 2005. Toxicological profile for barium and barium compounds (draft for public comment). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Unvaccinated children pose no threat to anyone", "evidence": "\"A completely unvaccinated child is unprotected against harmful and contagious diseases, such as measles, pertussis and chicken pox. Children who skip vaccines also pose a risk of transmitting diseases to other patients. This can be especially risky exposure for vulnerable populations, including infants too young to receive vaccines, elderly patients, patients with weakened immune systems or pregnant women.\" [...] Seventeen percent say a completely unvaccinated child shouldn't be allowed to use the waiting room, and 27% say unvaccinated children should wear masks in the waiting room to protect the most vulnerable patients. The remaining 28% of parents say the primary care office should allow unvaccinated children to continue getting care with no restrictions. [...] \"Any parent \u2013 and particularly parents of infants or immunocompromised children \u2013 should ask their child's primary care provider about policies surrounding unvaccinated children.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sugar causes cancer; eliminating sugar from the diet can cure cancer", "evidence": "Understanding the Link between Sugar and Cancer: An Examination of the Preclinical and Clinical Evidence - PMID: 36551528 - PMCID: PMC9775518 - DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246042 Understanding the Link between Sugar and Cancer: An Examination of the Preclinical and Clinical Evidence Per capita sugar consumption has increased in the United States to over 45 kg per year. The average person in the US currently consumes significantly more added sugar in their diet than the World Health Organization's, the American Cancer Society's, and the American Heart Association's recommendations for daily sugar consumption. Evidence from epidemiologic and preclinical studies demonstrates that excess sugar consumption can lead to development of cancer and progression of disease for those with cancer independent of the association between sugar and obesity. Human epidemiologic studies and mechanistic preclinical studies in multiple cancers support a causal link between excess sugar and cancer. Preclinical studies show that high-sucrose or high-fructose diets activate several mechanistic pathways, including inflammation, glucose, and lipid metabolic pathways. Although human studies are limited, compelling human and primate studies have explored the link between added sugar and metabolic syndrome (MetS), a risk factor for cancer. Substantial evidence suggests a causal link between MetS and added sugar, indicating important implications in the association between excess sugar consumption and cancer.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide. I hope my readers can recognize the absurdity of their claims. \u2026 increasing sunspots are linked to increases in earth temperature", "evidence": "The effects of CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions far outweigh the effects of solar forcing on global warming. 100% of the global warming trends observed after 1950 can be attributed to anthropogenic factors.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "there is no relationship between temperature and carbon dioxide emissions by humans[...] carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate", "evidence": "While CO2 constitutes a small percentage of the gases in the atmosphere, it is a critically important \"knob\" controlling Earth's climate. When the concentration of CO2 increases, more outgoing heat energy is absorbed, raising surface temperatures.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccine mRNA cannot be broken down; COVID-19 vaccines cause excess death and unprecedented blood clots", "evidence": "By \u2014 Matthew Herper, STAT News Matthew Herper, STAT News Leave a comment 0comments Share Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/why-would-a-covid-vaccine-cause-rare-blood-clots-researchers-have-found-clues Email Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Tumblr Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Why would a COVID vaccine cause rare blood clots? Researchers have found clues Health Apr 14, 2021 6:22 PM EDT A week after receiving the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, a 37-year-old woman in Norway went to the emergency department with fever and persistent headaches. A CAT scan of her head showed a blood clot in blood vessels involved in draining the brain, but her levels of platelets, involved in clotting, were low. She was treated with platelet infusions and a blood thinner, but had a bleed in her brain the next day. She underwent surgery to relieve the pressure on her brain but died two days later. This is the side effect, known as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, that has caused a week of worries around the COVID-19 vaccine developed by AstraZeneca.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "[climate models] systematically over-estimate the sensitivity of climate to carbon dioxide ... and modelers exclude forcings and feedbacks that run counter to their mission", "evidence": "In a more systematic evaluation of the sensitivity of a model to cloud parameterization, Mitchell et al. (1987) and later Senior and Mitchell (1993) examined the response of a GCM model to a doubling of CO2 when different versions of a cloud parameterization were employed in the same model. The results of their studies are summarized in Fig. 13 showing a sequence of global warming predictions as different feedbacks are systematically introduced. The first estimate corresponds to the warming in the absence of feedback, the next with water vapor feedback added, the third with snow/ice albedo feedbacks added to water vapor feedback and finally the case when cloud feedback is added. Senior and Mitchell (1993) found that the presence and absence of microphysical and optical thickness feedbacks, which were permitted in different versions of the parameterizations, produce a range in warming between 1.9\u00b0 and 5.4\u00b0C. Yao and Del Genio (2002) also reported that the 2 \u00d7 CO2 sensitivity of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) GCM was similarly dependent on the details of the moist convection and large-scale cloud parameterizations. [...] The sensitivity of coupled ocean\u2013atmospheric models to cloud feedbacks differs from the sensitivity of models with fixed SSTs (e.g., Ma et al. 1994; Williams et al. 2003; and also acknowledged in Cess and Potter 1988). CMIP (Meehl et al. 2000), under the auspices of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Working Group on Coupled Models (WGCM) was created specifically to examine and compare coupled models forced by 1% yr\u22121 increases in CO2.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines are \u201cexperimental poison\u201d; COVID has gone away", "evidence": "Andrew Tate peddles debunked claim about COVID-19 vaccines being \"experimental poison\" in Piers Morgan interview [...] Factually inaccurate: COVID-19 vaccines aren\u2019t experimental, as they completed multiple phases of clinical trials that established their safety and effectiveness. They also don\u2019t contain ingredients that are toxic. Contrary to Tate\u2019s implication, COVID-19 isn\u2019t \"gone\". The disease is still around and several countries are experiencing a rise in cases and hospitalization in the winter of 2023. [...] The COVID-19 vaccines aren\u2019t \"poison\". Product information sheets listing the ingredients of various COVID-19 vaccines can be found here. None of the ingredients are present in dangerous amounts.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Climate change is not happening, there is no significant man-made global warming now, there hasn't been any in the past, and there's no reason to expect any in the future.", "evidence": "Coleman's central claim in this video\u2014that there is no human-caused climate change\u2014is contradicted by a wealth of evidence and decades of published, peer-reviewed, scientific research. There is no evidence to support his claim.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cSARS is the research developed by humans, weaponizing a life system model to actually attack human beings\u201d", "evidence": "At the moment, investigations are still underway to determine where SARS-CoV-2 originated and how it came to infect humans. Both the natural and lab leak hypotheses rely on circumstantial evidence that can\u2019t prove nor disprove either theory. However, no credible evidence indicates that the virus was engineered. Based on prior disease outbreaks, the most likely hypothesis is that SARS-CoV-2 arose naturally and that zoonotic infections were the reason for the spread of the virus in humans.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Colloidal silver is effective for any infection", "evidence": "Silver has demonstrated broad antimicrobial activity in topical applications on wounds and burns. However, no scientific studies indicate that ingestion or nasal spray of colloidal silver treats infection inside the body or supports the immune system. Long-term use of colloidal silver can result in argyria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin, and can interfere with the action of other medicines.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Bones \u201care not made of calcium\u201d; wild yam is a treatment for osteoporosis", "evidence": "Potential medicinal uses for wild yam include the treatment of menopause symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and muscular cramps. Wild yam is a plant that people have used for centuries in alternative medicine. There are various other names for wild yam, such as colic root, devil\u2019s bones, rheumatism root, or China root. While there are over 600 species of wild yam, only 12 are edible. [...] Wild yam is a natural substance, but this does not mean it is free from side effects. In small doses, wild yam is considered safe for most people. However, large amounts of wild yam can lead to side effects, including:", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Every election year has a disease; coronavirus has a contagion factor of 2", "evidence": "\"Every election year has a disease,\" the speech bubble has the woman saying. It then lists the acronyms and names of seven major infectious diseases, linking their outbreak to years:", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Marijuana is non-addictive, cures cancer, and grows brain cells", "evidence": "Cannabis as an Anticancer Agent: A Review of Clinical Data and Assessment of Case Reports - PMID: 34370591 - PMCID: PMC8864433 - DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0045 Cannabis as an Anticancer Agent: A Review of Clinical Data and Assessment of Case Reports [...] Keywords: antineoplastic; cancer; cannabis; marijuana.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Published studies show that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines cause metabolic cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death", "evidence": "There is evidence that the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine can cause myocarditis, particularly in cases of the previous exposure. With most patients presenting after both doses of the vaccine, or after the first dose with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, there may be a possibility of a hypersensitivity reaction occurring after the previous exposure [61, 64]. This reaction may be a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction due to the two- to three-day period between vaccine administration and onset of symptoms seen in most patients [56, 64]. The first vaccine dose could act to sensitize the immune system, while the second dose causes the activation of the effector phase of the immune system [64]. Activated immune cells may migrate to the myocardium leading to release of cytokines into the myocardium. This process can stimulate further immune cells to enter the myocardium, leading to inflammation and the patient may present with myocarditis.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "There is nothing wrong with the thyroid in patients with Hashimoto\u2019s disease; vitamin B is a cure for Hashimoto\u2019s disease", "evidence": "Hashimoto\u2019s disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the thyroid. Over time, it may impair the secretion of thyroid hormones and cause symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as fatigue, muscle soreness, dry skin, and sensitivity to cold. A standard treatment for Hashimoto\u2019s disease is hormone replacement using a synthetic thyroid hormone.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical", "evidence": "This meme utilizes a widely circulated fake image purporting to show a 1977 Time magazine story titled \"How To Survive The Coming Ice Age\". The cover is actually from 2007, for a story titled \"The Global Warming Survival Guide\". While a claim of global cooling did appear a couple times in the 1970s in popular media, that did not reflect the understanding of climate scientists at the time.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A study showed a \u201cweakened immune response in kids injected with Pfizer\u2019s COVID-19 shot\u201d; \u201cThe mRNA Covid jabs damage immune responses to other viruses in children\u201d", "evidence": "Understanding COVID-19 in children: immune determinants and post-infection conditions [...] Ouldali, N. et al. Hyper inflammatory syndrome following COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in children: a national post-authorization pharmacovigilance study. Lancet Reg. Health Eur.17, 100393 (2022). [...] Zambrano, L. D. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccination against multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children among persons aged 12\u201318 years \u2014 United States, July\u2013December 2021. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.71, 52\u201358 (2022).", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "HPV vaccine may lead to elimination of cervical cancer", "evidence": "In August of 2020, the World Health Assembly adopted the global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. Vaccines against the human papillomavirus (HPV) can prevent the vast majority of the world\u2019s 570,000 annual cases of cervical cancer. Increasing access to the HPV vaccine, as well as screening and treatment, for women and girls living in low- and middle-income countries is an important step for global gender equity, potentially leading to the elimination of cervical cancer within the next 100 years. HPV Vaccination is a Critical Step Towards Cervical Cancer Elimination", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "unadjusted data suggests that temperatures in Australia have only increased by 0.3 degrees over the past century, not the 1 degree usually claimed", "evidence": "Both adjusted and unadjusted temperatures show that Australia\u2019s climate has warmed since 1910. Since 1955 adjusted and unadjusted data are virtually identical. It is also during this time that most of the warming has occurred in Australia. [...] Australian mean temperature change over the last century is best represented by a bilinear model, with a period of relatively no change from 1910 through to 1950, followed by a period of relatively rapid warming from 1950 to present. When characterised this way, both adjusted and unadjusted data show virtually identical warming over this latter period. [...] While there is no significant trend in Australian temperatures prior to 1950 in either the ACORN-SAT or AWAP dataset, the difference in the adjusted and unadjusted climatologies for this period causes differences in the overall temperature change from 1910 to 2018. Taking a simple linear trend, Australia warmed by around 1.39 \u00b0C from 1910 to 2018 in the ACORN-SAT data, compared with a change of 0.89 \u00b0C in the AWAP data\u2014a difference of around 0.50 \u00b0C in more than 100 years.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 RNA vaccines weren\u2019t made with messenger RNA; vaccine RNA cannot be broken down in the body", "evidence": "Traditional vaccines put a weakened or inactivated germ into our bodies. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, like the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines, teach cells how to make a protein that triggers an immune response if someone gets infected. When the vaccine is injected into the upper arm, the mRNA enters cells near the site of the injection and tells the cells to start making the same protein that is found in the COVID-19 virus. The immune system recognizes this protein and begins producing antibodies that can fight the virus if the vaccinated person is later infected. None of the vaccines interact with or alter your DNA in any way, and therefore cannot cause cancer. MRNA is not the same as DNA and cannot be combined with DNA to change your genetic code. The mRNA is fragile and it delivers the instructions to your cells to make antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The mRNA does not enter the nucleus of the cell \u2014 the part that contains your DNA. Therefore, there is no truth to the myth that somehow the mRNA vaccine could inactivate the genes that suppress tumors. [...] RNA breaks down easily and quickly unless it is kept at low temperatures. In the body, this isn\u2019t a problem because RNA does not need to exist long in order to carry out its function. But vaccines may need to be kept stable for days or even weeks before they are administered. This has not been nearly as much of a concern with conventional vaccines. Weakened or inactive versions of a virus can remain stable longer without requiring low temperatures.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The ice caps were going to melt. They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records", "evidence": "President Trump also made incorrect statements regarding sea ice cover. While scientists have indicated that the Arctic and Antarctica saw record lows for sea ice in 2017, President Trump suggested that sea ice cover is expanding, stating: \"The ice caps were going to melt, they were going to be gone by now, but now they\u2019re setting records, so OK, they\u2019re at a record level.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Drinking bottled water with an acidic pH is bad for your health", "evidence": "- Sports drinks: Sports drink companies use fit, muscular athletes to advertise their products, but what they don\u2019t advertise is the amount of sugar they contain. A 32-ounce bottle often has 56 to 76 grams of sugar, which equals 14 to 19 teaspoons, and the pH level of a typical sports drink is around 2.9. - Bottled water: The brand of bottled water you buy makes a surprisingly big difference when it comes to acidity. Common brands like Dasani and Aquafina are actually acidic enough to be harmful to your teeth. Look for bottled water with a pH level between 7 and 9. Some of the best brands include Essentia, Evian, and Fiji. [...] - Water: Water is truly the only beverage your body needs to survive, so the more water you drink, the better. Filtered tap water and bottled water with a healthy pH level will pose no problems for your teeth. Plus, staying hydrated allows you to produce healthy amounts of saliva. Tap water containing fluoride, which is fairly common today, has the added benefit of strengthening the enamel of your teeth.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Highly infectious HIV 'VB' variant makes people ill twice as quickly", "evidence": "Their analysis, published Thursday in the journal \"Science,\" showed that patients infected with what they call the \"VB variant\" had 3.5 to 5.5 times higher levels of the virus in their blood than those infected with other variants, as well as a more rapidly fading immune system. [...] In patients infected with the VB variant, CD4 decline occurred twice as fast compared to other variants, \"placing them at risk of developing AIDS much more rapidly,\" the researchers said. [...] 'Critical' to diagnose and treat early \"Because the VB variant causes a more rapid decline in immune system strength, this makes it critical that individuals are diagnosed early and start treatment as soon as possible,\" the press statement noted.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Per FDA guidelines, babies are too small to safely handle the amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines", "evidence": "exceeded this threshold many times over. Federal health officials have not conceded that this amount of thimerosal in vaccines exceeded the FDA's more relaxed threshold of 0.4 micrograms per kilogram of body weight. In most cases, however, it clearly did. [...] For a 22-pound baby (ten kilograms), the threshold would be 1 microgram. The DTP (and DTaP) vaccine contained 25 micrograms of thimerosal per dose, as does the Hepatitis B vaccine. [...] The EPA's threshold is 0.1 micrograms per kilogram of body weight. For an eleven-pound baby, the EPA's safe threshold would be 0.5 micrograms. Although thimerosal has been removed from these vaccines today in the United States, in the 1990's, Aventis Pasteur's DTaP vaccine contained 25 micrograms of thimerosal. GlaxoSmithKline's Hepatitis B vaccine contained 12.5 micrograms of thimerosal. Wyeth", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "[SARS-CoV-2] is spreading quickly from gas pumps. Shopping carts as well.", "evidence": "FULL CLAIM: [SARS-CoV-2] is spreading quickly from gas pumps. In response to the spread of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, many social media posts bear warnings about the virus from unnamed friends and family members working in health fields. One such claim on Facebook, shared more than 16 million times since it was first posted 16 March 2020, states that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, \"is spreading quickly from gas pumps [and] shopping carts as well.\" The claim is partially correct, in that early studies show that SARS-CoV-2 could potentially be spread through contact with contaminated objects[1]. However, there is not yet any direct evidence that this has occurred and the number of people who might contract the virus this way is unknown. [...] The claim that SARS CoV-2 \"is spreading quickly from gas pumps [and] shopping carts as well\" is of \"Neutral\" credibility. One of the characteristics that makes SARS CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, so problematic is its environmental stability, especially on stainless steel and plastics[4]. That means that the virus can potentially be transmitted between people by means of contaminated objects (fomites). The more people touch a particular object the higher the chance that one of those people carried viable SARS CoV-2 on their hands, thus creating a fomite. Clearly, both gas pump handles and grocery carts are frequently touched by many different people, making both suitable fomites that could aid the spread of COVID-19. The following things need to be considered, though:", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "If the tongue is 'crooked', if it goes to one side or the other that is also an indication of a stroke.", "evidence": "Tongue deviation can be useful for detecting stroke, but needs to be considered together with other more common signs of a stroke, according to the BE-FAST acronym (balance, eyes, face, arms, speech).", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Apeel contains harmful ingredients", "evidence": "As is so often the case with \"proprietary\" industrial products like toxic perfumes (read more in my blog on microscopic toxins in perfumes), natural flavors (read more in my blog, Hidden Sources of MSG), and other food additives, the actual ingredients in Apeel are far from clear unless you do your own research. [...] The assurance Apeel gives us is typical corporate jargon: \"Apeel products do not contain hazardous ingredients that will cause harm to people or the environment within the context of their intended use.\" [...] According to an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) document, Apeel\u2019s product is also .66% citric acid. Link here. So for anyone avoiding this widely-used but toxic food additive, Apeel is a no-go.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "The polar bear population has been growing. Polar bears are thriving even where sea ice is diminishing.", "evidence": "There is no scientific evidence that the global polar bear population is growing in size. Climate change induced losses in sea ice habitat is the most important threat to polar bear survival. Two polar bear subpopulations have already been negatively impacted by sea ice loss.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The models predicted about three times the amount of warming in the world we\u2019ve seen since [1988].", "evidence": "Most of these models are long since obsolete, replaced by far more advanced generations. And yet, most of them were spot on in their projections of how much the Earth would warm in the years after they were published in response to greenhouse gas emissions. Fourteen out of 17 models were found to be accurate. The new study highlights a critically important, but sometimes overlooked, point about the way climate models work. The amount of warming they predict is a direct consequence of the greenhouse gas emissions they assume for the future. And accurately predicting carbon emissions is notoriously difficult\u2014it depends on many human factors, including population growth, economic shifts and changes in the energy landscape. [...] One example is a famous climate model developed by NASA researcher James Hansen, whose congressional testimony on climate change in the 1980s helped catapult the issue into the public spotlight. Hansen\u2019s 1988 model ultimately predicted about 50% more warming for the coming decades than actually occurred, giving fodder to skeptics\u2019 arguments that scientists were exaggerating the issue of global warming.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Vitamins C and D are now finally being adopted in the conventional treatment of SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin C at extremely high doses acts as an antiviral drug, actually killing viruses; vitamin D helps the body fight SARS-CoV-2 infection and can cut infection risk.", "evidence": "A meta-analysis of findings from 25 randomized controlled trials found daily or weekly vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of acute respiratory infections, and the effect was stronger in those with low baseline vitamin D levels. Daily doses between 800 and 2,000 IU appeared to be most effective. The analysis further showed treatment regimens that included large boluses (30,000 IU vitamin D or more) did not reduce infection risk.184 Nevertheless, a controlled trial in nursing home residents found monthly 100,000 IU boluses of vitamin D, in addition to standard daily doses of 400\u20131,000 IU, resulted in greater respiratory infection prevention than standard daily dosing alone, but was associated with a higher risk of falling (a known adverse side effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation).185 [...] Siddiqui M, Manansala JS, Abdulrahman HA, et al. Immune Modulatory Effects of Vitamin D on Viral Infections. Nutrients. Sep 21 2020;12(9)doi:10.3390/nu12092879 [...] Hemil\u00e4 H. Vitamin C and Infections. Nutrients. Mar 29 2017;9(4)doi:10.3390/nu9040339", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201c5G plays a part in this \u2018plandemic\u2019\u201d ... The cases of COVID-19 are \u201cdirectly related to electromagnetic radiation exposure by 5G\u201d", "evidence": "5G doesn\u2019t cause COVID-19, but the rumor it does spread like a virus People\u2019s fear of 5G technology is rational. Such technology does emit radiation, even if it\u2019s at low levels. But 5G isn\u2019t all that different from 4G, and it certainly doesn\u2019t cause COVID-19 despite such rumors having spread rapidly across the globe. [...] Another explanation for why folks might associate 5G with COVID-19 is that such technology emits invisible electromagnetic waves that people fear could impact their health. \"People are much more worried about things [like radiation] that they cannot see,\" said Starobinski.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "CDC Admits 98 Million Americans Received Polio Vaccine In An 8-Year Span When It Was Contaminated With Cancer Virus", "evidence": "Polio vaccines were indeed contaminated by SV40 at a point in time, but the claim that SV40 causes cancer in humans is not supported by scientific evidence. [...] This article by Dave Mihalovic, published on Waking Times and reproduced in several other websites, has been shared more than 21,000 times and is trending on Facebook. The article claims that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) \"admits 98 million Americans received polio vaccine in an 8-year span when it was contaminated with cancer virus\". It also asserts that this information was later \"quickly removed\" by the CDC. [...] Overall, the claim contains a grain of truth in that polio vaccines were indeed contaminated with SV40 at a point in time and that people did receive these contaminated vaccines. But the claim that SV40 causes cancer in humans is premature \u2013 the current state of scientific evidence is not sufficient to support a causal link between SV40 and cancer. A review by Tam et al. discussed in detail the challenges involved in evaluating this link, particularly when using past epidemiological studies (such as determining exposure levels, improvements in cancer diagnosis over the past decades)[10]. Further studies will be needed to provide a definitive answer.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "During the last hundred years the temperature is increased about 0.1\u00b0C because of carbon dioxide. The human contribution was about 0.01\u00b0C.", "evidence": "The unpublished paper by Kauppinen & Malmi is deeply flawed and the claims that (1) CO2 has caused only 0.1 degC of warming and that (2) only 10% (0.01 degC) of this warming is from human activity are both unsupported claims. [...] Finally, after using a bunch of nonsense calculations to say that 0.1 \u00b0C warming is from CO2, they say that 90% of the change in CO2 is caused by the oceans. This violates conservation of mass from basic chemistry13: the oceans are actually absorbing CO214,15 which, again, is the complete opposite of what Kaupinen and Malmi claim. Without claiming the opposite of reality, their conclusions cannot be supported. [...] Careful analysis that attempts to take into account all major factors and their evolution in time indicates that anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gasses account for more than 100% of the observed warming on the century timescale (requiring cancellation from cooling influences). See the summary graphic from Carbon Brief, below.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "\u201cCharcoal absorbs and neutralizes poisons\u201d; charcoal can treat diarrhea and bloating", "evidence": "Activated charcoal is a special form of carbon that\u2019s effective at binding to other substances (adsorption). It\u2019s used in emergency rooms to treat some cases of poisoning. When the charcoal comes into physical contact with the poison in the gastrointestinal tract, the charcoal adsorbs the poison. This reduces the amount of poison absorbed by the body and thus reduces the poison\u2019s effect on the body. However, activated charcoal can\u2019t reverse the effects of poison already absorbed and can\u2019t act as a substitute for medical attention.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "COVID-19 vaccines contain proteins from HIV; \u201cif you have taken the third dose, go and take a test for AIDS, then sue your government\u201d", "evidence": "Several studies have shown that booster doses are effective in people with HIV and other immunocompromised people, leading to substantial increases in antibody levels. A large US study that covered the period when the Delta and Omicron variants were circulating in the United States showed that immunocompromised people \u2013 including people living with HIV \u2013 who received a third vaccine dose were significantly less likely to be admitted to hospital with severe COVID-19 or experience a breakthrough infection when compared to immunocompromised people who had been vaccinated without boosting (Sun). An Israeli study of the effects of a fourth vaccine dose showed that by the sixth week after receiving this fourth dose, recipients were 77% less likely to develop severe COVID-19 disease than people of the same age who had only received three doses (Bar-On). [...] - COVID-19 vaccines are safe in people with HIV. There is no evidence that people with HIV have a higher rate of side effects after vaccination or unusual side effects. There is no evidence that any COVID-19 vaccine interacts with HIV treatment or causes HIV viral load to increase. - COVID-19 vaccines are effective in most people with HIV. They stimulate strong antibody responses in people with HIV with higher CD4 counts. People with lower CD4 counts (below 200) have weaker responses to vaccination and their antibody responses after vaccination may dwindle faster than those of people with higher CD4 counts.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "\u201cBill Gates explains that the COVID vaccine will use experimental technology and permanently alter your DNA\u201d", "evidence": "Coronavirus: Bill Gates \u2018microchip\u2019 conspiracy theory and other vaccine claims fact-checked - Published", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "An Aerial View of a High Way Built in Sri Lanka Misusing Public Funds !!", "evidence": "It is confirmed that the bridge shown in these social media posts is not a bridge built in Sri Lanka. Accordingly this bridge appears to be the Raiwind Flyover in Lahore, Panjab, Pakistan, which was constructed in 2017. At the same time, there has been a wide discussion about this and there are reports that the government has made this construction in such a complex shape according to certain conventions.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Former and Current Prez are using the same set of prez advisors !!", "evidence": "Does it really matter whether former political advisors get elected to public office? Former advisors are likely to have more skills than other newly elected legislators, allowing them to hit the ground running when it comes to performing the duties of their office. In this sense, a voter might see electing a former advisor as the smart choice, since they are likely to be more effective than candidates without political experience. Are former advisors likely to use these skills and networks to further their constituents\u2019 interests, however? Indeed, we have good reason to think that former political advisers bring more than their expertise in the process of politics, but may even approach their responsibilities differently in the first instance. A central question each representative must confront is to whom they should be responsive. One difference between former advisors and those with other types of pre-legislative experience might be their views on the nature of mass-elite linkages in representative style ( [...] The phenomenon of former advisors becoming elected officials also informs the personalization of politics. Personalization refers to a \"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Eating Fruits On An Empty Stomach Cures Cancer!", "evidence": "Social media posts circulating in Indonesia claim that eating fruit on an empty stomach will \"cure cancer\". The claim has circulated online in the Southeast Asian nation since at least 2013. It also recently recirculated in French-speaking African countries. But experts told AFP there is no scientific evidence to support the claim. [...] Indonesian experts also told AFP that eating fruit on an empty stomach cannot \"cure\" cancer. [...] \"There has been no scientific evidence that eating fruit on an empty stomach will cure cancer,\" he told AFP.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "America\u2019s Most Famous Burger , Owned By China !!", "evidence": "Recently, there was a viral article claiming that America\u2019s most famous burger brand is no longer American. The above article attached to the claim referring to China has been shared by the social media users, leading them to be confused about whether this piece of news was real. [...] Determining the \"Most Famous\" burger brand in America may be a personal decision. However, if sales numbers were considered, McDonald's would have topped the food chain. [...] Fact Crescendo has found that the articles attached to the above claim are misleading. China does not own America's most famous burger. McDonald's present headquarters are in Chicago, Illinois, and are managed by Chris Kempczinski.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Quality of HappyCow Cheese in SL Market is Lower Than Original Product!!", "evidence": "Happy Cow processed cream cheese is especially fine and easy to spread. [...] Happy Cow processed cheese in portions are especially soft and creamy. Produced from the finest ingredients, their taste can vary from mild to spicy. [...] Happy Cow cheese triangles are especially soft and creamy. Produced from the finest ingredient", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Ten-Foot-Tall Giant Skull Found In Pahiyangala Cave, Sri Lanka !", "evidence": "Narasi yang beredar, tengkorak raksasa ditemukan di Gua Pahiyangala. Juru bicara Departemen Arkeologi Sri Lanka membantah narasi itu. Ia menyampaikan, tidak ada temuan signifikan baru-baru ini yang dilaporkan di Gua Pahiyangala. [...] - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Loxodonta_africana-cyclotis_skulls_PZSL.png - https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/no-evidence-of-a-10-foot-tall-giant-skull-found-in-pahiyangala-cave/", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Climate Change Is A Scam !!", "evidence": "The claim: Human-caused climate change is a hoax [...] One Facebook user posted on April 19 claiming, among other things, that \"man-made climate change (is a) scam.\" [...] The claim that human-caused climate change is a hoax is FALSE, based on our research. The scientific consensus is that climate change is a product of human-produced gases that trap heat on Earth. Both government organizations and papers in scientific journals have concluded with a high degree of certainty that climate change is human-made.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Future government led by the Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB) would close down all liquor shops-Sajith", "evidence": "While it's clear that Sajith Premadasa and the SJB are advocating for stricter regulations on liquor licenses and a crackdown on irresponsible practices in the alcohol industry, the assertion that all liquor shops and taverns will be closed under their government is misleading. Sajith stresses that he would take steps to cancel liquor licenses issued as bribes if he came to power, but he never mentions a total ban on all liquor stores.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Janitha Perera has become the Miss Australia for Miss Universe 2022", "evidence": "First, we checked whether there were any international media reports about Janitha Perera's victory as Miss Universe Australia 2022. However, we were not able to find such media reports nor any reports about Miss Universe Australia 2022 grand finals. [...] According to our investigation, it's clear that Janitha Perera has not become Miss Universe Australia -2022 so far. She was only selected to contest for Miss Universe Australia -2022 national finals which would be held September 2022. Like Janitha many other contestants were also selected from other Australian states, all of whom will be vying for the top spot in grand finals in September 2022. Title:Janitha Perera-Miss Australia-Miss Universe -2022?", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Houses being burnt due to election violence !!", "evidence": "Mashonaland East and West provinces have been particularly badly affected and numbers of reported incidents of violence are on the increase in Harare. Victims report receiving death threats unless they vote \"correctly\" in a second round of voting should it be found that there was no outright winner of the presidential vote. Many of the casualties have seen their homes, food reserves and livestock destroyed and are now displaced. Hundreds of homesteads are reported to have been burnt in Manicaland and Mashonaland East. Perpetrators of the violence include so-called \"war veterans\" and supporters of the ruling party, as well as police officers and soldiers. State actors are accused of working hand-in-hand with ZANU-PF supporters. Individuals have been abducted from their homes by members of the military, in uniform and in plain clothes, as well as by ZANU-PF supporters.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Modern Graduation Gown Evaluated From Traditional \"Abaya\" Dress of Muslim Women!!", "evidence": "The abaya has come a long way from being a traditional garment to becoming a fashion statement. This evolution has transformed the abaya from a symbol of religious modesty to a stylish and trendy item in many women's wardrobes. With its origins in the Arabian Peninsula, the abaya has been traditionally worn by women to cover their bodies in a loose-fitting and modest manner. However, in recent years, designers have put a contemporary spin on this traditional garment, incorporating intricate embroidery, embellishments, and modern cuts to create unique and fashionable abayas. Today, women of all backgrounds and cultures are embracing the abaya, not only as a way to adhere to religious dress codes but also as a way to express their individual style. From catwalks to red carpets, the abaya has become a symbol of empowerment and self-expression for women around the world. Whether paired with jeans and sneakers for a casual look or a sequined gown for a glamorous event, the abaya continues to evolve and capture the attention of fashion enthusiasts everywhere. [...] Modern abayas come in a wide range of styles, colors, and materials. They feature intricate embroidery, sequins, beads, and even Swarovski crystals. The designs have become more fitted and tailored, accentuating a woman's silhouette while still maintaining the modesty and elegance associated with the traditional abaya. This evolution has allowed women to embrace their cultural heritage while also expressing their individual style and personality.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "If no one shakes the jar with different species of ants, there is no conflict between ants !", "evidence": "Ants communicate using pheromones, which are chemical signals they use to identify each other and maintain social order within their colonies. When ants from different colonies or species come into contact, they may engage in aggressive behaviors like fighting. However, simply shaking a jar with ants inside is unlikely to trigger widespread violence between them. [...] Ant communication and behavior are based on complex biological and ecological factors such as pheromones, not on artificially induced conflicts as suggested by a misattributed statement or fictional works. The concept of shaking a jar to make ants fight is not supported by scientific evidence and does not reflect real ant behavior. [...] No, the argument is not correct. Ants do not automatically start fighting if an \"enemy\" is identified solely based on shaking a jar. While some species of ants may exhibit aggressive behavior towards intruders, it's not triggered by mere agitation of their environment.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Hyderabad Police Issued A Warning Against Soft Drinks Containing The Ebola Virus!", "evidence": "A post is being widely circulated on social media, claiming that Hyderabad Police have warned people against consuming any soft drink. It claims that an employee working in one of the soft drink manufacturing units had added his blood, contaminated by the Ebola virus, to the product. The post is being shared on Facebook with a caption in Hindi: \u0939\u0948\u0926\u0930\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e, \u092b\u0948\u0902\u091f\u093e, 7 \u0905\u092a, \u0915\u094b\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0932\u093e, \u092e\u093e\u0909\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928 \u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942, \u092a\u0947\u092a\u094d\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0915 \u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0915 \u0907\u092c\u094b\u0932\u093e \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0916\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0932 NDTV \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0947\u091c \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0939 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0907\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0926\u0947 \u0905\u0932-\u0926\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0932-\u0916\u0948\u0930:- \u0939\u0941\u091c\u0942\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0939\u0926\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u092c\u0940\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 (English translation: Hyderabad Police have given information all over India. Please do not take any cold drinks like Maaza, Fanta, 7 Up, Coca-Cola, Mountain Dew, Pepsi, etc., for the next few days as one of the company\u2019s employees mixed it with blood contaminated with the dreaded Ebola virus. This news was reported yesterday by the NDTV channel. Please help the people of Islam by sharing this message as soon as possible. Do tell this message to your family.)", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "SJB and JVP to make an interim government under the premiership of Karu Jayasuriya", "evidence": "According to our investigation, we were able to find out that the viral messages of a alleged meeting at President House with SJB and JVP where an agreement was made for both parties to form a collation government under the premiership of former speaker Karu Jayasuriya is misleading.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "WhatsApp Will NOT Record Your Calls; Devices Will NOT Be Monitored By The Government", "evidence": "Our investigation reveals that even after the new privacy updates, WhatsApp calls would not be recorded, devices will be not monitored, and the government will not be able to check your content after being connected.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Indian Rupee Has Become The World`S Fourth Most Recognized Currency", "evidence": "India has taken a significant step toward achieving this status for the rupee. [...] Can the Indian rupee become the new dollar? #rupee #dollar [...] In fact, the rupee is already well on it\u2019s way to becoming an international currency. In December 2022, India and Russia completed their first trade settlement in rupees, as part of the International Settlement of Trade. Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Mauritius and some other countries are already considering the settlement of bilateral trade in Indian rupees.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The Woman Accompanying Dhanushka To Court Is His Lawyer!", "evidence": "Sri Lanka Cricket hires new lawyers for Dhanushka Gunathilaka Lawyer Ananda Amaranath, who was handling Dhanushka Gunathilaka\u2019s case in court on Monday (November 07), has withdrawn from the case. [...] Meanwhile Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC) has decided to pay legal fees on behalf of Dhanushka Gunathilaka.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Benjamin Netanyahu Was Named \u2018Killer Of The Year\u2019 By TIME Magazine!", "evidence": "\u2018TIME\u2019 magazine does not identify a title as \u2018Killer of the Year\u2019, and they haven\u2019t bestowed such a title on Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "McLarens Is The Local Representative Of Sinopec Fuel Operations In Sri Lanka!", "evidence": "McLarens has no connection with Sinopec for oil distribution in Sri Lanka. The local representative of Sinopec Company in Sri Lanka is Sinopec Oil Lanka Private Limited, located in Hambantota.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Clip Of Students Watching The Hardship Of Their Parents !!", "evidence": "This clip of students watching the hardship of their parents is edited! [...] The video claiming the Japanese students watch their parents\u2019 hardship in class was edited. According to the sources we found, the students in the clip are Chinese, not Japanese. And the original videos and pictures do not connect with watching the parents/adults\u2019 hardship. Title:A clip of students watching the hardship of their parents is edited", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Cadavar Collecting Machines Developed By China !!", "evidence": "Speaking in the House of Lords on 12 January, Lord Alton of Liverpool said that the cadavers used in an international touring show called Real Bodies, which was seen at the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham in 2018, \"were probably people who had been executed\" in China. [...] However, in an earlier debate in the House of Lords last October, Lord Alton noted that \"in 2018, we pointed out that the US organisers, Imagine Exhibitions, were unable to provide any evidence of consent for the use of these cadavers. The organisers merely said that the cadavers were unclaimed bodies obtained from Dalian Hoffen Bio-Technique Company China. Imagine Exhibitions CEO, Tom Zaller, admitted in an interview that the bodies were \u2018absolutely from China\u2019 but added that there was \u2018no documentation\u2019 to prove their identities or to show they had agreed in life to donate their corpses in death.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Male Population Was Less Than Half Of Female Population According To 2019 UN Report? Here\u2019s The Truth\u2026", "evidence": "Countries over 50 percent (shown in orange) have a higher female population, while those below 50 percent (shown in purple) have a higher male population. [...] But as we move through adulthood, the sex ratio declines. In 2021, among 50-year-olds the ratio was close to 100. Among 70-year-olds, there were only 86 men per 100 women. In the very oldest age bracket, people aged 100 and older, there were only 24 men per 100 women. [...] For some countries, you can see that the decline in the sex ratio with age is even more extreme \u2014 in Russia, for example, by age 50 there were only 91 males per 100 females in 2021. By 70 years old, there were around half as many men as women.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Cardinal Stepping Down As Archbishop Of Colombo!!", "evidence": "No truth in Cardinal stepping down as Archbishop of Colombo [...] Media Spokesman of the Archdiocese of Colombo, Rev. Father Jude Chrysantha Fernando, rejected speculation in some media reports that His Eminence Rt. Rev. Dr. Malcom Cardinal Ranjith had decided to step down from the position of Colombo Archbishop. [...] Title:No truth in Cardinal stepping down as Archbishop of Colombo", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Short Film \u201cSorry\u201d Won An Oscar For The Best Short Film!", "evidence": "Short films awarded the coveted Best Short Film Oscar exhibit exceptional craftsmanship, innovative storytelling techniques, and a clear artistic vision. [...] BestOscar Best Short Film Movies \u2013 Wrap Up The Oscar for Best Short Film recognizes outstanding achievements in the field of short filmmaking.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "An illuminated swirl over the skies of Iceland!!Alien Invasion?", "evidence": "Dying SpaceX Rocket Caused Illuminated Swirl Over Iceland, Not Alien Invasion! [...] Contrary to claims suggesting alien involvement, the illuminated swirl seen over Iceland was a natural phenomenon caused by the death throes of a SpaceX rocket. This occurrence is not unprecedented and is known as a \"SpaceX spiral,\" which is expected to become more common with the increasing frequency of Space X satellite launches. Therefore, there is no evidence to support the claim of alien invasion or extraterrestrial activity related to this event. Title:SpaceX Rocket's Death Throes Cause Illuminated Swirl Over Iceland, Not Alien Invasion", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Ravi and Kiriella left the country !!", "evidence": "Kiriella also claimed that the proposed Status of Forces (SOFA) agreement has so far only amounted to letters being exchanged. \"The agreement was initiated by President Chandrika Kumaratunga.These were done by your Governments.We are bound to implement those agreements signed by previous Governments. We will send all the drafts to the Attorney General. They will ensure that there\u2019s nothing in them that are harmful to the country\u2019s sovereignty. We will only sign them after obtaining the approval of the Attorney General,\" he added. [...] However, Kiriella told Parliament that when Foreign Minister Tilak Marapana was in the US conducting negotiations on extending the SOFA, he had insisted that any US citizen suspected of an offence committed in this country will be subjected to Sri Lankan jurisdiction. [...] The recent withdrawal of the Electricity (Amendment) Bill will stagnate the development of renewable energy power plants in the country, Power and Renewable Energy Minister Ravi Karunanayake said yesterday.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "consuming cold drinks after eating mangoes can be fatal !!", "evidence": "How does the consumption of cold drinks after eating mangoes affect the body's system by giving poison? [...] Consuming cold drinks after eating mangoes can have varying effects on the body. While the ingestion of mango products like iced mango or mango extract-based cold foods can offer nutritional benefits and cooling effects [1][2], it is crucial to be cautious about potential risks associated with foreign material aspiration, as seen in a case involving a fatal incident due to aspiration of a mango fruit drink [3]. Additionally, the concentration of heavy metals like lead in mango fruit juices, especially powdered and liquid forms, can pose health risks, particularly for children, due to potential exposure above recommended levels [4]. Therefore, it is essential to be mindful of the quality and composition of mango-based products and their interactions with other substances to avoid any adverse effects on the body's system.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "University Of Peradeniya Offers Dozens of Free Online Courses !!", "evidence": "Online Learning Platform Faculty of Management University of Peradeniya", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Not Sonam Kapoor\u2019s Performance At King Charles\u2019 Coronation !", "evidence": "Sonam Kapoor, who is currently busy with her parenting duties with her son Vayu, has been invited to King Charles\u2019 Coronation Concert. This will mark Sonam\u2019s first royal event which will also see guests like Tom Cruise, Katy Perry, Lionel Richie, Andrea Bocelli, and other prominent global celebrities. Sonam Kapoor is currently residing in London with her businessman husband Anand Ahuja. [...] Social media users were quick to react to Sonam Kapoor delivering a performance at King Charles\u2019 coronation concert. One of the users quipped, \"What did King Charles do to deserve this..\" Another mentioned, \"I think Sonam should be paying Charles for watching her performance.\" One user asserted, \"As a trained Kathak dancer, @sonamakapoor\u2019s performance is abysmal & England should\u2019ve asked someone who is a prolific dancer to perform at the coronation. This is why nepotism is impugned. King Charles & #SonamKapoor are perpetual \"nepo babies\" who have very little to offer.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Sajith Forward -Anura Backward !(Presidential Election Survey by Mass Media News)", "evidence": "Elections Commission Chairman R.L.A.M. Ratnayake said that Anura Kumara Dissanayake, leader of the JVP-NPP combine and Sajith Premadasa have emerged as the first two in the race. While Anura was leading the race with over 42 per cent votes, Sajith emerged second with 35 per cent votes. However, with no candidate securing 50 percent plus one vote, the second preference votes are now being counted. The three-cornered race and the fragmented electorate had made the fight tough for both Sajith and Anura. Incumbent President Ranil Wickremesinghe emerged a distant third while, the scion of the Rajapaksa clan, Namal Rajapaksa secured less than four per cent votes. The Tamil common candidate Pakiyaselvam Ariyanenthiran emerged second after Sajith in the Tamil-dominated northern Sri Lanka. In Jaffna, Ariyanentiran leads the race, while districts like Trincomallee in the East had voted for Anura. The southern districts begin from Colombo. [...] Anura\u2019s emergence and his likely ascent to the Sri Lankan executive presidency are meteoric as he secured a mere 3.2 per cent votes in 2019 election. Gotabaya Rajapaksa then won with 69 lakh votes, only to be brought down from power by the people in 2022.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\"An Important Police Message That Everyone Should Read\" - Released by Sri Lanka Police", "evidence": "Today marks the 157th anniversary of the Sri Lanka Police Service, an institution that has played a pivotal role in the country's history. The origins of this service trace back to 1795 when the British introduced a policing system to safeguard the warehouses in the Colombo port. However, it wasn't until 1866 that an official police service was established, with Mr. G. W. R. Campbell appointed as its first Inspector General of Police. [...] The Sri Lankan Police have a rich history of service, with exceptional contributions during the thirty years of war in our country and during calamities like the Tsunami. Their dedication deserves the highest praise, especially for their efforts in securing the country and its people during the COVID-19 pandemic. In recognition of their outstanding service, the Sri Lanka Police are taking a renewed approach to ensure peace and security by combatting the underworld, drug-related crimes, and theft. They tirelessly work day and night to ensure the safety and well-being of the nation, and their efforts should be commended by the people.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Fans Throwing Eggs At The Brazil Team After Their Elimination At FIFA World Cup?", "evidence": "Unrelated and old video shared as fans throwing eggs at Brazil team after their elimination at FIFA World Cup [...] After Brazil\u2019s elimination from the quarterfinals at the FIFA World Cup 2022, a video showing a group of angry fans throwing eggs at a bus is widely circulating on social media with the claim that it shows how Brazilian fans welcomed Brazil\u2019s National football team after their elimination from the FIFA World Cup 2022. [...] Title:Unrelated and old video shared as fans throwing eggs at Brazil team after their elimination at FIFA World Cup", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Vokzvagon factory launched in Kuliyapitiya !!", "evidence": "The Western Automobile Vehicle Assembly factory in Kuliyapitiya is not a Volkswagen factory. This misconception stems from a miscommunication in 2017. The factory is currently focused on assembling Chinese brands and has no connection to the German automobile manufacturer. Therefore, the recently inaugurated vehicle assembly factory is not a Volkswagen factory.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Putin Did Kneel Before Xi Jinping", "evidence": "Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping: An increasingly unequal relationship [...] In their meeting, Mr Putin conceded that China has \"questions and concerns\" about the situation in Ukraine. It was an unexpected admission, by the Kremlin, that Russia's so-called special military operation is causing some anxiety in Beijing. [...] The summit Mr Putin and Mr Xi are attending is a meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, or SCO. Along with Russia and China, members include four Central Asian states - Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan - as well as India and Pakistan.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "General Shavendra Silva and his wife travelled on a private jet, spending public money during a time of economic crisis in Sri Lanka !!", "evidence": "Against this backdrop, viral social media posts allege that Chief of Defence Staff General Shavendra Silva is utilising private jets at the expense of public funds in Sri Lanka. Our investigation aims to shed light on the veracity of these claims and provide a clearer understanding of the situation. [...] As per the sources close to the defence ministry of Sri Lanka the photo depicts General Shavendra Silva and his wife in a special jet provided by the Indian Air Force. The sources clarified that the Sri Lankan government did not fund this trip. [...] While the social media posts correctly identified General Shavendra Silva's travel on a special jet, the claim of misuse of public funds for this trip is misleading. The travel was facilitated by the Indian Air Force for General Silva to attend the passing out ceremony of the Indian Military Academy as the chief guest.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Heartwarming Story Of The Hospitalized Patient And His Feathered Friend !!", "evidence": "They discovered a nesting duck who had flown into the hospital\u2019s courtyard and was forced to protect her eggs in the center of a bustling hospital. Not wanting to disturb the soon-to-be-mother and her hatchlings, Travis Ihle, EVS Director, and his team reached out to the Pocono Wildlife Rehab to see how best to handle the situation. With their trusted consultants, the team blocked a section of the courtyard so their fine-feathered friend could nest in peace. Soon the new ducklings arrived, and it was time to head towards home. The team was ready and had constructed a pathway from the courtyard through the hospital lobby using saved supply boxes. The new family was smoothly escorted out of the facility and into carriers. Once secured, they were transported to the nearest creek and set loose.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Sounds Coming From The Universe, Captured by NASA!!", "evidence": "NASA\u2019s Perseverance Rover Microphone Captures Sounds from Mars [...] This set of sounds from the surface of Mars were recorded by the microphone on the side of NASA\u2019s Perseverance Rover on Feb. 20, 2021. In the first set, sounds from the rover itself dominate. In the second set, the sound was filtered to make sounds from Mars more audible. You can hear a little wind in the second set.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "WEF Orders Global Water Rationing System !!", "evidence": "The claim: The World Economic Forum ordered governments to start rationing water There is no evidence the WEF ordered governments around the world to ration water sent to people's homes, nor that it declared water is not a human right. Read more", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "No matter who comes to power, we will not let them govern - Tharindu Uduvaragedare", "evidence": "This is an altered video. Tharindu criticises the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce and does not refer to sabotaging the operations of any future government.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "List of Israeli Products to Boycott!!", "evidence": "Boycott products from Israeli manufacturers and supporters. Play your part in the Israeli-Hamas conflict by joining the global Israeli Products boycott movement. [...] While it may not be possible to physically help the Gazans physically one must boycott Israeli manufactured products and companies that support Israel. This boycott may compel Israel to stop its brutal attacks on the Gaza Strip by reducing its revenues. [...] It is worth noting that the boycotts have already been proven effective. For instance, McDonald\u2019s shares fell by a whopping 1.89% after the boycott campaign started. Moreover, Pepsico shares fell to the lowest point after the Arab boycott campaign of Israeli products. The boycott hence underlines the power of collective action in forcing the Israeli forces to stop attacks on Gaza", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Porcupines Don`t Harm Agricultural Crops !", "evidence": "Addressing the threat to crops posed by porcupines involves a comprehensive understanding of their behaviors and deterrent strategies. As nocturnal feeders, porcupines have a predilection for succulent stems, leaves, and the bark of trees which can result in the girdling that damages or kills young trees and plants. Effective and humane prevention techniques are critical for farmers and land managers to protect their investments without harming the local wildlife. The integration of physical barriers, such as properly installed electric fences, can be a successful method to safeguard agricultural areas. These strategies, coupled with an awareness of porcupine habitats and feeding patterns, are essential components in mitigating the negative impacts of porcupines on crops, thus ensuring coexistence and minimal disruption to both agricultural activities and porcupine populations. [...] In addressing the challenge of protecting crops from porcupines, it's crucial to consider a variety of methods and practices. These often involve deterrents, repellents, and humane removal techniques. This FAQ section will offer guidance on the best practices to safeguard agricultural lands and residential properties from porcupine damage.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk Attended Mukesh Ambani`s Son\u2019s Wedding !", "evidence": "Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg and Bob Iger will join Indian business and political leaders and cricket stars as well as Bollywood celebrities for a pre-wedding event to celebrate the <a href=\"https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/fashion/2023/01/18/inside-anant-ambani-and-radhika-merchants-big-fat-indian-wedding/\" target=\"_blank\">marriage of Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant</a>. Ambani, 28, is the youngest son of<a href=\"https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/money/2023/01/09/billionaires-mukesh-ambani-switches-gears-to-focus-on-reliances-75bn-green-energy-plans/\" target=\"_blank\"> Indian billionaire Mukesh Ambani</a>, one of the world's richest men, while Merchant, 29, is the daughter of industrialist Viren Merchant. The lavish three-day celebration, to be held from Friday to Saturday, in <a href=\"https://www.thenationalnews.com/travel/2024/02/26/jamnagar-gujarat-ambani-wedding/\" target=\"_blank\">Jamnagar</a>, Gujarat, on India's west coast, is also set to feature performances by pop star Rihanna, Punjabi singer Diljit Dosanjh, Bollywood music duo Ajay-Atul and American illusionist David Blaine, according to an official Reliance Industries guest list seen by <i>The National</i>. The event is a precursor to the main wedding on July 12 in Mumbai. Besides Meta's Zuckerberg and Disney's Iger, other top business leaders attending the Jamnagar celebration include Sundar Pichai, chief executive of Alphabet; Larry Fink, chairman and chief executive of BlackRock; Shantanu Narayen, chief executive of Adobe; and Jay Lee, executive chairman of Samsung Electronics.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Pfizer CEO Says That Pfizer Aims To Reduce The World Population By 50%", "evidence": "A viral video in which Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla allegedly says that by 2023 his goal is to reduce the population of the world by 50% is edited and misleading. While many have argued that pharmaceutical companies are evil, this particular claim is pretty outlandish. In the edited video, Bourla appears to say: \"By 2023 we will reduce the number of people in the world by 50%.\" Numerous people across social media shared the edited footage, including one Facebook user who asked, \"Who will arrest these two men and set up a citizens court to try them for charges of premeditated mass murder?\" The video also spread on WhatsApp. The video was an edited version of an actual conversation Bourla participated in at the World Economic Forum in late May 2022. In the real video, he says: \"I think that is really fulfilling of a dream that we had, together with our leadership team when we started in '19. The first week we met in January of '19 in California to set up the goals for the next five years \u2013 and one of them was by 2023, we will reduce the number of people in the world that cannot afford our medicines by 50 percent. I think today this dream is becoming reality.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Around 30,000 children are begging in the streets of Sri Lanka !!", "evidence": "Comments - Alarming Rise in Sri Lanka\u2019s Child Begging Crisis", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Misleading Claims On DCD Levels In Milk Powder", "evidence": "DCD misinformation \"These inaccurate testing results have caused a lot of confusion for the public and we want to ensure that people know that they can continue to consume Anchor, a product that many Sri Lankans grew up on,\" said Clement. [...] Fonterra hopes that by working with the Sri Lankan government it can \"correct the misinformation about DCD in Fonterra\u2019s milk powder products, following the inaccurate testing results produced by Sri Lanka\u2019s Industrial Technology Institute (ITI).\" [...] Concerns about DCD first emerged in January 2013, when it was revealed that low levels of the substance had been discovered in samples Fonterra milk powder.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Claims Of Flowers Blooming In The Himalayas Once In 400 Years!", "evidence": "Misleading Claim With Footage Of Fox Tail Lily As \u2018Mahameru\u2019 Blooming In The Himalayas Once In 400 Years. [...] The Himalayas are home to many natural beauties. According to some research, several rare medicinal plants and flowers can only be found in the Himalayas. A video of a flower blooming is presently trending on social media. Many of you have probably seen a video claiming that a flower only blooms once every 400 years in the Himalayas. [...] Title:Misleading Claim With Footage Of Fox Tail Lily As \u2018Mahameru\u2019 Blooming In The Himalayas Once In 400 Years.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Coconut Oil is good. But vegetable oil is bad", "evidence": "Coconut oil is touted as a superfood with all kinds of potential health benefits, including weight loss, blood sugar control, reduction of cholesterol and decreased risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. However, like butter, coconut oil is solid at room temperature and primarily composed of saturated fat. Most other vegetable oils (including several mentioned in the column on healthy cooking oils) are primarily unsaturated fat, which are viewed as a more beneficial type of fat. [...] A 2023 summary of peer-reviewed studies confirms that while coconut oil has fewer detrimental effects on total and LDL cholesterol compared to butter, it can be more damaging compared to unsaturated vegetable oils.[2] Another 2021 meta-analysis concludes that coconut oil significantly raises both LDL and HDL blood cholesterol levels, adversely affecting cardiometabolic health. The benefits of increased HDL cholesterol appear to be outweighed by the drawbacks of increased LDL cholesterol.[3] [...] Taste, pleasure and cultural traditions all matter when it comes to food. For this reason, coconut oil cannot be categorized as \"good\" or \"bad.\" It has a distinctive flavor and is a rich energy source for people worldwide.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Before the Aragalaya Gas Prices of Sri Lanka Low and After Aragalaya,Prices Increased !!", "evidence": "In conclusion, the allegations against President Wickremesinghe and Aragalaya activists for the increase in gas prices are misleading. The timeline of events reveals that the price surge mainly occurred towards the end period of former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa's tenure, and in the subsequent period, the prices dropped and increased by comparatively smaller margins. Furthermore, understanding the broader context of global and economic factors is essential when evaluating claims related to gas prices in Sri Lanka.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sudha Murty was helped by a lecturer named Usha Bhattacharya when she was travelling without ticket On train from Bombay to Bangalore in her childhood....", "evidence": "A viral forward claiming to be the life story of Infosys chairperson Sudha Murty is being widely shared online. It is claimed that a stranger named Mrs. Usha Bhattacharya paid for the train ticket of a runaway girl named Chitra while travelling from Bombay to Bangalore and took the girl to an NGO so she could be taken care of. It goes on to state that the little girl grew up to be the Infosys chairperson Sudha Murty and wife of co-founder of Infosys, Narayana Murthy. [...] Newschecker also found a video on the popular YouTube channel BeerBiceps in which Sudha Murty recollects her childhood. In the video, Sudha Murty can be heard thanking her parents and teachers for all their support, and also describes her growing up years in Karnataka. She also describes her engineering education in Karnataka, where she was the only woman in her batch. She does not mention any stint in Bombay or about relocating to Delhi, proving that the story is not autobiographical.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The Origins Of \u201cHello\u201d Was Linked To Graham Bell`s Girl Friend!", "evidence": "Our investigation reveals that the social media post claiming that the word \"Hello\u201d term had origins as it was the surname of Alexander Graham Bell's girlfriend is misleading.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Israeli Attacked On Gaza Tower Recently !!", "evidence": "\u2018Give us 10 minutes\u2019: How Israel bombed a Gaza media tower [...] Still, at 3:12pm (12:12 GMT), the first Israeli strike came. Five minutes later, al-Jalaa tower crashed to the ground after being hit by three missiles that sent a dark cloud of dust and debris into the air. There have been no immediate reports of casualties. [...] BREAKING: Israeli air raid flattens building that houses Al Jazeera and other international media outlets in Gaza City.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "IOC Requests Against Filling Fuel Tanks To The Maximum Limit, Due To Rising Heat In SL!", "evidence": "A viral claim says Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) has warned customers against filling their vehicles' fuel tanks to the maximum limit as they might explode. In a purported circular, the company said this might happen due to increasing temperature. However, the Press Information Bureau (PIB) has debunked this claim in their fact check. \"It is perfectly safe to fill fuel in vehicles up to the limit(max) as specified by the manufacturer,\" PIB said. Fact Check: Vehicle Will Explode if Fuel Tank is Full in Summer? Indian Oil Denies Advisory, Says Safe to Fill Up to Maximum as Specified by Manufacturer. 'Don't Fill Fuel Tanks to Maximum': Claim: @IndianOilcl has issued a warning & asked not to fill petrol in your vehicle to the maximum limit #PIBFactCheck \u25b6\ufe0f This claim is #Fake \u25b6\ufe0f It is perfectly safe to fill fuel in vehicles up to the limit(max) as specified by the manufacturer", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Fathima Sadha (Sadha Haroon) Has Been Selected As The First Sri Lankan Female Astronaut !", "evidence": "Fathima Shahda (from Negombo) has been selected as Sri Lanka's first Muslim woman astronaut, according to a tweet shared by media personnel. https://twitter.com/Ahmath_Sadique/status/1559743519257808896?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1559743519257808896%7Ctwgr%5E91f54190719f5cedc1e6b31019e9b3798f69a6cc%7Ctwcon%5Es1_c10&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublish.twitter.com%2F%3Fquery%3Dhttps3A2F2Ftwitter.com2FAhmath_Sadique2Fstatus2F1559743519257808896widget%3DTweet", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Is The Train Timing Display At Mt. Lavinia Railway Station Available Only In English And Chinese? Find Out The Truth\u2026", "evidence": "The Railway Department is to launch an investigation into a notice board placed at the Mount Lavinia railway station which is in mandarin (Chinese). The notice board gives the long distance train times in English and Mandarin. [...] The Assistant Director of the Commission Sivapragashan Madhivanan had told Colombo Gazette that some Chinese institutions operating in Sri Lanka have displayed name boards in Mandarin, which is a violation of Article 4 of the Constitution of Sri Lanka.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Wasim Akram alleged that the performance of the Sri Lanka cricket team in the Asia Cup final match was suspicious !!", "evidence": "Fake Statements Attributed to Wasim Akram Related to Sri Lanka\u2019s Dismal Performance in the Asia Cup Finals! [...] Viral social media posts claimed that the former Pakistani cricketer and current cricket commentator Wasim Akram alleged that the performance of the Sri Lanka cricket team in the Asia Cup final match was suspicious, implying that a match-fixing arrangement could have happened. [...] Title:Fake Statements Attributed to Wasim Akram Related to Sri Lanka\u2019s Dismal Performance in the Asia Cup Finals!", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "UNHCR Survey On Sri Lankan Presidential Polls !!(Document)", "evidence": "Secretary-General says Internal Review Panel Report on Sri Lanka will be made public in interests of transparency, accountability, legitimacy, credibility (SG/SM/1463914, 14 November 2012): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sgsm14639.doc.htm - Secretary-General forwards Sri Lanka Expert Panel Report to Human Rights Council, High Commissioner for Human Rights (SG/SM/13791-HR/5072, 13 September 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sgsm13791.doc.htm - Secretary-General releases Expert Panel\u2019s report on accountability with respect to final stages of Sri Lanka conflict (SG/SM/13524, 25 April 2011): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sgsm13524.doc.htm - Secretary-General holds first meeting with Sri Lanka Panel of Experts (SG/SM/13104, 17 September 2010): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/sgsm13104.doc.htm - Secretary-General reiterates call on Sri Lanka for urgent action to normalize conditions around United Nations Offices (SG/SM/13006, 9 July 2010): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/sgsm13006.doc.htm - Secretary-General to recall Resident Coordinator in Sri Lanka, close UNDP Regional Centre following \u2018unacceptable\u2019 Colombo disruption (SG/SM/13005, 8 July 2010): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/sgsm13005.doc.htm - Secretary-General names Panel of Experts to advise on accountability for possible rights violations during Sri Lanka conflict (SG/SM/12967, 22 June 2010): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/sgsm12967.doc.htm - Secretary-General concerned about growing violence in lead-up to Presidential election in Sri Lanka (SG/SM/12709, 20 January 2010): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/sgsm12709.doc.htm - Secretary-General welcomes steps by Sri Lanka for internally displaced persons (SG/SM/12622, 23 November 2009): http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sgsm12622.doc.htm - Secretary-General strongly regrets decision by Sri Lankan government to expel spokesman for", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Wearing Masks Will Increase Mortality !!", "evidence": "Data synthesis DerSimonian Laird random effects meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of mask wearing, handwashing, and physical distancing measures on incidence of covid-19. Pooled effect estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed, and heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Cochran\u2019s Q test and the I2 metrics, with two tailed P values. [...] Mask wearing and covid-19 incidence\u2014Six studies with a total of 2627 people with covid-19 and 389 228 participants were included in the analysis examining the effect of mask wearing on incidence of covid-19 (table 1).364357606366 Overall pooled analysis showed a 53% reduction in covid-19 incidence (0.47, 0.29 to 0.75), although heterogeneity between studies was substantial (I2=84%) (fig 5). Risk of bias across the six studies ranged from moderate36576066 to serious or critical4363 (fig 2). Mask wearing and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, covid-19 incidence, and covid-19 mortality\u2014The results of additional studies that assessed mask wearing (not included in the meta-analysis because of substantial differences in the assessed outcomes) indicate a reduction in covid-19 incidence, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality. Specifically, a natural experiment across 200 countries showed 45.7% fewer covid-19 related mortality in countries where mask wearing was mandatory (table 1).49 Another natural experiment study in the US reported a 29% reduction in SARS-CoV-2 transmission (measured as the time varying reproductive number Rt) (risk ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.75) in states where mask wearing was mandatory.58", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "US Military Bases Around China! (Map)", "evidence": "In recent years, US military bases around China have captured the world\u2019s attention, sparking discussions and speculations about the US military\u2019s intentions and impact on the Asia-Pacific region. This article aims to delve into the significance of these US military bases, particularly in Japan and South Korea, while addressing their presence\u2019s various controversies and issues. [...] US military bases around China have raised concerns among neighboring countries and China itself. These countries fear that the US might use its bases to expand military capabilities in the region further, potentially escalating tensions. [...] US military bases around China significantly shape the strategic landscape of the Asia-Pacific region, impacting regional security and stability. While they serve essential purposes in safeguarding US interests, they also invite controversies and challenges.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Sri Lanka to gift two female elephants to Pakistan !!", "evidence": "The story of unfortunate death of an elephant in a Pakistani Zoo gone viral and reached far away in the world. An elephant at a Pakistani Zoo, called \u2018Noor Jehan\u2019 was ill far many months. She was under treatment. A team of doctors came for abroad to treat her and things were improving for her. However, due to lack of care by zoo staff, she fell in a pond, this made her health worse. After fighting for her life, on eid day, April 22, 2023, she was died. The unfortunate story of Noor Jehan echoed across the world. In a response, Honorary Consul of Sri Lanka General Yasin Joyia confirmed Pakistan that they will be getting two elephants from Sri Lanka as a gift. Though in Sri Lanka there is a ban on export of elephants, however, they have decided to make an exception to the rule and provide Pakistan with two female elephants. One elephant will be for Karachi zoo and one will be for Lahore zoo. Previously in Lahore zoo, in 2017 an elephant name Suzi was died. So Lahore zoo was also missing an elephant. Sri Lanka decided to bridge this gap of Lahore zoo as well as Karachi zoo with courteous gift of two elephants. [...] Coming back to the elephants gift by Sri Lanka, they will arrive in Pakistan in few days. They will be named by Sri Lankan govt itself before sending them to Pakistan. A proper announcement will be made soon about the timeline of their arrival in Pakistan.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Heroin Samples Found In Yukthiya Operation Are Fake!!", "evidence": "Debunking Viral Claims Of Fake Heroin Samples in Yukthiya Operation! [...] The claims circulating on social media, suggesting that the Yukthiya operation is connected to fake heroin samples, are unsubstantiated. The issue of identifying bread floor and paracetamol capsules from heroin samples mentioned in the screenshot predates the Yukthiya operation. The ongoing mission is separate from this issue, and there is no evidence supporting the claim that the drugs seized during Yukthiya are fake. [...] Title:Viral Claims Stating Fake Heroin Samples Found in Sri Lanka's Yukthiya Operation Debunked", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Geckos are deadly venomous animals !!", "evidence": "Are geckos poisonous or venomous? Geckos are neither venomous nor poisonous. However, the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) and other large lizards, such as the Mexican beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) and Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), are venomous. That said, deaths due to bites from these big venomous lizards are extremely rare\u2014dating back to 1939. [...] Some people think that geckos are dangerous because of the culture they belong to. Depending on their cultural background and upbringing, their superstitions regarding geckos can either be positive or negative. For example, geckos are considered symbols of good luck in Turkey but they are generally thought to be signs of bad omens in India.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Pencil Packing Work-From-Home Opportunities For Nataraj Pencils!", "evidence": "Looking for a way to earn from home? Consider the Natraj Pencil Packing Job opportunity. As part of this role, you\u2019ll receive all the necessary materials to get started. Joining the Natraj Pencil Packing Job Work From Home team not only connects you with a respected organization but also provides valuable packaging industry experience. Contribute to Natraj\u2019s mission of delivering quality stationery products worldwide while enjoying the flexibility of working remotely. [...] Embark on a journey of flexibility and opportunity with the Natraj Pencil Packing Work From Home job. This unique platform caters to individuals seeking a flexible work arrangement, offering a chance to join Natraj\u2019s esteemed packaging team. Your role will involve meticulously packaging each pencil, ensuring they are ready for delivery to valued customers. [...] Natraj Pencil Packing Job Work From Home role, your primary responsibility is to carefully and efficiently pack Natraj pencils into appropriate packaging materials. This involves inspecting pencils for defects, ensuring they\u2019re in top condition, and neatly arranging them in designated packaging. Attention to detail is key to maintaining product quality and presentation. Additionally, following Natraj\u2019s packaging guidelines and meeting production targets are essential. As a remote worker, you\u2019ll create a conducive workspace, manage your time effectively, and coordinate with the company for a smooth workflow.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Tamil Recently Introduced As The Language Of Courts And Administration In North & East in Sri Lanka !!", "evidence": "Let me take a moment to briefly reflect upon the policy formworks that have impacted the language situation in the country. In 1966, ten years after the passage of the Sinhala Only Bill, the use of Tamil as the language of administration in Northern and Eastern provinces was begun after the implementation of the provisions of Tamil Language (Special Provisions) Act No. 28 (1958) mostly due to pressure from Tamil political parties. In 1987, through the 13th amendment to the Constitution Tamil was also decreed an Official Language of the state and the legal basis for parity between Sinhala and Tamil was clearly established by law. In addition, both languages were also defined as \u2018national languages\u2019 while recognizing English as the \u2018link language.\u2019 Section 21 of the Constitution under the 16th Amendment offers extensive provisions and rights for the language of administration to be available in both Sinhala and Tamil. In addition, Section 23 of the same amendment provides that the language of legislation will be Sinhala and Tamil while a translation of these legislative enactments and laws must be available in English. Further, Section 24 of the same amendment provides that the languages of the courts in the country will be Sinhala and Tamil.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Any form of vaccination after COVID19 vaccination can be life threatening", "evidence": "COVID-19 vaccines are safe, and getting vaccinated will help protect you against developing severe COVID-19 disease and dying from COVID-19. You may experience some mild side effects after getting vaccinated, which are signs that your body is building protection. [...] Like any vaccine, COVID-19 vaccines can cause side effects, most of which are mild or moderate and go away within a few days on their own. As shown in the results of clinical trials, more serious or long-lasting side effects are possible. Vaccines are continually monitored to detect adverse events. [...] After vaccination, it usually takes a few weeks for the body to build immunity against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. So it\u2019s possible a person could be infected with SARS-CoV-2 just before or after vaccination and still get sick with", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Fact Check: German Village Shaped Like A Human Fingerprint ? Find Out The Truth..", "evidence": "From our investigation, it is clear that the image claimed to be an aerial image of a German city resembling a human fingerprint is neither a real photograph nor an accurate visual depiction of a real village in Germany. The image is a digital creation by an artist called Jacob Eisinger, which featured in the MODUS magazine cover in February 2015.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sri Lanka Has the Largest Number of Ministers and Highest Taxes", "evidence": "Fact Check: Are Sri Lanka\u2019s Taxes the Highest in the World, and Does It Have the Most Ministers? [...] Recently, social media posts have been spreading claims that Sri Lanka has the highest tax burden globally and the largest number of ministers. [...] Both claims are misleading. Sri Lanka does not have the highest tax rates in the world, and it does not have the largest number of ministers. Many countries in Europe and Asia have higher tax burdens, and several other nations maintain larger cabinets.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Vegan Leather Is not Sustainable!!", "evidence": "In the realm of carbon footprints, the average passenger vehicle emits about 400 grams of CO2 per mile. It's important to note that while veganism aligns with ethical and environmental concerns, being vegan does not equate to being 100% environmentally friendly. Veganism primarily addresses animal exploitation while also contributing to the broader sustainability discourse.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Footage Of Matheesha Getting Blessings From Dhoni !", "evidence": "Fact Check: Matheesha Pathirana Touches MS Dhoni\u2019s Feet Before Bowling [...] New Delhi: Matheesha Pathirana was making headlines when a photo and video got viral claiming that the young Sri Lanka pacer was taking blessings from skipper MS Dhoni by touching down his feet before bowling his over. [...] To people who thought Pathirana was taking blessings from Thala \ud83d\ude02\ud83d\ude02 pic.twitter.com/BKfQdPVx03 \u2014 \ud83c\udfb0 (@StanMSD) March 29, 2024", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Additional 15% Tax Introduced On Women\u2019s Sanitary Napkins?", "evidence": "Meanwhile, a number of posts have been circulating on social media and mainstream media during last week of November stating that an additional 15% tax on sanitary napkins was introduced in the 2021 budget proposal. Our investigation revealed that these misleading posts were prompted by the new budget proposal to change the existing 30% import tax to 15% import tax and 15% CESS respectively. A Facebook account named Amanda Abeysooriya posted: \"15% tax on sanitary napkins # Budget2021\". [...] We consulted the media secretary of State Minister of Money & Capital Market and State Enterprise Reforms, Ajith Nivard Cabraal, who stated that the claims on new budget proposal suggesting a new 15% tax on women\u2019s sanitary napkins, is totally misleading.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "A Recent Incident: Mob Destroying President Wickremesinghe`s Banner !!", "evidence": "A video circulating on social media shows a group of people destroying a banner featuring President Ranil Wickremesinghe in broad daylight. Many users claim this is a recent incident related to the upcoming presidential election. We conducted a thorough fact-check to verify the authenticity of the claim. [...] K. Kotagala, a provincial newspaper reporter from Walasmulla, confirmed that no recent incident involving the destruction of a Wickremesinghe banner had occurred in the area. He suggested that this might be an older event. [...] The viral video claiming that a banner of President Ranil Wickremesinghe was recently destroyed in relation to the upcoming election is misleading. The event shown in the video is most likely from 2022 during the \"Aragalaya\" protests, and no such recent incident has been reported in the Tangalle or Walasmulla areas. As per our analysis, the location is near the Thangalle bus stand and clock tower.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Maggi Noodles in Unhealthy !!", "evidence": "Maggi is a slow poison that harms all individuals' health, luring them through its tasty nature. But, taste goes secondary to health, doesn't it? Of course, yes, but why not know all the downsides before questioning the Maggi you love! So, given below are the cons of eating Maggi: [...] One of the main health drawbacks of eating Maggi quite usually in the female sector is the undergoing of weaker metabolic processes, which makes you less energetic. Hence, it may reduce their activity power by a considerable amount. This results in a weaker body, making women feel ill and lazy in the long run. [...] The composition of one of the unhealthiest fat, trans fats, makes Maggi unhealthy for all the people who ingest Maggi weekly. Furthermore, trans fats require even longer than saturated fatty acids to break down in the system. Furthermore, trans fats raise blood cholesterol levels while decreasing the benefits of healthy fats. Increased trans-fat intake could lead to obesity, heart disease, and dietary deficits. Being put to use excessively, trans fats are used just to reduce the in-house cost of production, aiming at incurring higher profits for the corporation, at the stake of the health of the Maggi lovers!", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Marian Members Rosa and Subhash got Death Threats !!- Nalin Perera", "evidence": "You Searched For \"Nalin Perera\" [...] No Death Threats Received by Marians Members Subash and Rosa Due to Political Stances-Marians", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sajith Worshipped to Ratta !!", "evidence": "Sajith Premadasa (Sinhala: \u0dc3\u0da2\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dca \u0db4\u0dca\u0dbb\u0dda\u0db8\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc3, Tamil: \u0b9a\u0b9c\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc7\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b9a; born 12 January 1967) is a Sri Lankan politician. He is the current leader of the Opposition of Sri Lanka and Member of Parliament for Colombo District.[1] He is the current leader of the Samagi Jana Balawegaya.[2] [...] - ^ \"Sajith's Kurunegala rally draws mammoth crowd\". Sunday Observer. 7 September 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019. - ^ \"Sajith Premadasa's Controversial Speech At Mathugama Rally Causes Ripples Among Working Committee Members Ahead Of Crucial Meeting\". www.asianmirror.lk. Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Members of Parliament Failed to Declare Their Assets !!", "evidence": "KUALA LUMPUR (Dec 5): An extended deadline for Members of Parliament (MPs) to declare their assets lapsed today, but 62 lawmakers failed to file their statements. [...] Next was PAS which had 18 MPs not making the declaration. One MIC MP and one MCA MP had not declared their assets as well. The sole MCA MP who has not declared his assets is Dr Wee Jeck Seng, who was only sworn as MP for Tanjung Piai on Nov 18.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Anura Kumara Dissanayake to Lead Both JVP and NPP Illegally !!", "evidence": "A National People\u2019s Power (NPP) delegation led by its leader comrade Anura Kumara Dissanayake was invited to India for talks with India\u2019s External Affairs Minister Dr S. Jaishankar, the National Security Adviser (NSA) Mr Ajit Doval and the Foreign Secretary Mr Vinay Mohan Kwatra. Dr Jaishankar\u2019s social media posts denoted positive and productive discussions that centred on bilateral relationships, and mutual benefits. Comrade Anura is also the leader of the JVP. This is not the first engagement of the JVP with the Indian government although this recent visit is being subject to much debate and criticism mostly by political pundits. Social media posts from those affiliated with the NPP and the JVP have interpreted this visit as a recognition by India the potential of comrade Anura of winning the next presidential elections. Previously, diplomats did not endeavour to engage with the JVP because it was not seen as a strong enough political force. Circumstances have now changed with the NPP increasingly gaining more visibility, popularity and credibility, particularly among the lower middle class.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Oatmeal is the highest sprayed crop with pesticides, particularly glyphosate !!", "evidence": "A recent video circulating on social media platforms has sparked concerns by claiming that oatmeal, particularly the inorganic variety, is toxic to the body and can significantly reduce one\u2019s lifespan. The video suggests that oatmeal is among the most heavily sprayed crops with pesticides, specifically mentioning glyphosate, a chemical that has been banned in several countries. The video warns viewers to avoid oatmeal unless in extreme survival situations, citing the detrimental effects of glyphosate on human health. Additionally, the presenter promotes a book titled \"The Herbal Tablets,\" which purportedly contains essential health information that can improve one\u2019s well-being and longevity. [...] However, the claim that oats are the \"highest sprayed crop with pesticides\" is misleading. While oats do receive glyphosate treatment, many other crops, such as soybeans and corn, are also treated with glyphosate and may receive higher overall pesticide applications depending on the region and farming practices. Read more [...] In summary, the claims made in the viral video contain elements of truth but are presented in a misleading manner. While glyphosate is used on oats and has been linked to health risks in certain contexts, the levels found in food products are generally considered safe by regulatory bodies. The claim that oatmeal is one of the most pesticide-heavy crops and should be avoided entirely is an exaggeration not supported by the broader scientific consensus. Additionally, while glyphosate is banned in some countries, it remains widely used and regulated in many others.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Dilith Jayaweera\u2019s Withdrawal from Presidential Race !!", "evidence": "Did Dilith Jayaweera withdraw from the presidential race? A letter stating that businessman Dilith Jayaweera, leader of Mawbima Janata Party, has claimed to withdraw from contesting in the upcoming presidential election is circulating on social media. [...] Posts on Facebook with captions such as \"Dilith Jayaweera out of presidential race\" caught the attention of FactSeeker, and proceeded to fact-check the said claim.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Sajith Violates Election Law by Holding a Welfare Program in a School !!", "evidence": "Did Sajith Premadasa Violate Election Law by Holding a Welfare Program in a School? [...] The viral photo and associated claims are misleading. The welfare program in the photo took place before the election announcement and the activation of election laws. Therefore, Sajith Premadasa did not violate any election regulations.And photo does not depict teacher's summit.It's a photo of the teachers of Mahagamasekara school. Title:Did Sajith Premadasa Violate Election Law by Holding a Welfare Program in a School?", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "In a letter to AKD, Sijeewa Senasinghe Said The Allegations They Made Against AKD Were Just Fabricated Stories and NOT Realities!!", "evidence": "Sujeewa Senasinghe (Sinhala: \u0dc3\u0dd4\u0da2\u0dd3\u0dc0 \u0dc3\u0dda\u0db1\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d82\u0dc4; born 13 December 1971) is a Sri Lankan lawyer and former politician.[1] He was a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and the State Minister for International Trade until 2019.[2] [...] - ^ \"SUJEEWA SENASINGHE\". Directory of Members. Parliament of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 12 March 2013. [...] - ^ \"Sujeewa Senasinghe steps down from Politics\". News First. 28 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Kandy Dalada Perahera should be held Without Elephants - Harini Amarasuriya", "evidence": "Of these, the most important is the Esala Mangallaya for which the Dalada Perahera is one of the most colourful and vibrant cultural celebrations in Sri Lanka. Esala, according to the Sinhalese Calendar, is the month of July/August This is the month in which Kandy gets into a festive mood. Shopkeepers and hoteliers pile up their stock to cater to the massive crowds that throng the city. Maligawa and its premises are gaily decorated and are illuminated with strings of lights, including the esplanade. [...] The Kandy Easala Perahera (Sri Dalada Perahera) will be held on 10th August to 20th August 2024. There are 11 perahera processions during these days. The most vibrant perahera is the Final Randoli Perehera procession on 19th August 2024. [...] The Esala Perahera proper begins as the cannon booms. Leading the Perahera is the band of whip crackers who crack their whips in a rhythmic pattern announcing it that the Esala Perahera is on. Immediately following are two o flag bearers carrying the two flags of the Sathara Korale (known as Ira Kodiya) embossed with the symbols of the sun and the moon indicating the wish that this Perahera be held until the sun and the moon last. Next comes the Peramunerala, attired in the traditional white dress and riding a caparisoned elephant and carrying the sannasa, the royal charter to hold the Perahera. Following him is the Gajanayake, the Maligawa official in charge of the elephants, elegantly dressed in traditional Kandyan dress carrying the ankusaya the instrument by which elephants are controlled.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "All Tea Bags Contain Harmful Microplastics!!", "evidence": "In summary, while scientific evidence supports the presence of microplastics in tea bags and their associated risks, more detailed research is needed to fully understand their impact on human health. The video raises important concerns, but the current knowledge still requires further investigation.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "If Ranil Wins,I will be the PM - Ravi", "evidence": "An alumnus of the Royal College of Colombo, Sri Lanka\u2019s most prestigious educational institution, Wickremesinghe won his first parliamentary election in 1977. After serving as an important minister in his uncle JR and his successor Ranasinghe Premadasa\u2019s Cabinet for long, in a quirk of fate, he became the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka after the assassination of President Premadasa in 1993. [...] Towards the end of 2014, something unthinkable happened. Wickremesinghe secretly joined hands with his rival Chandrika to oust Rajapaksa. Their joint candidate Maithripala Sirisena shocked the Rajapaksa camp by defeating the all-powerful Mahinda in the Presidential elections. It was a high point in Ranil\u2019s long political journey. He became the Prime Minister, promising to abolish the executive presidency, which he could not do. In an evening coup in the winter of 2018, Sirisena shocked Wickremesinghe by dismissing him and installing Mahinda as the PM. After two months of political uncertainty and backroom negotiations, Mahinda lost the trust vote and Ranil returned as the PM again.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Fruits are successfully grown in empty lands in Thailand by simply dropping seeds out of vehicle windows !!", "evidence": "Thailand\u2019s tropical climate and fertile soil is ideal for growing some of the world\u2019s most delicious and exotic fruits. You\u2019ll see fruits stalls in every corner of the country. You\u2019ll also see people walking along busy streets, chomping on colourful, and, at times, weird-looking Thai fruits.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Udeshika Prabodini, A Female Cricket Player Is Very Poor Financially !!", "evidence": "Recently, social media has been abuzz with claims regarding Sri Lankan cricketer Udeshika Prabodini. The posts suggest Prabodini, who is 38 and one of the senior-most players in the team, is financially struggling. Prabodini played a key role in Sri Lanka's recent Asia Cup victory as the opening bowler. [...] He emphasised that Udeshika has been playing for the Sri Lanka cricket team since 2008 and is financially stable. As a contract player, she gets a monthly salary in addition to the other special allowances all the team players get on special assignments and tours. [...] The claims circulating on social media about Udeshika Prabodini\u2019s financial struggles and her use of public transportation are unfounded. Prabodini\u2019s family is well-equipped with vehicles, and her choice is public transport as she does not favour driving vehicles.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Nutella has the potential to cause cancer !!", "evidence": "A controversy over palm oil threatens to cast a pall over Nutella, the delicious chocolate-hazelnut spread made by the Italian company Ferrero. Headlines like \"Nutella Can Cause Cancer, Study Warns\" have circulated across the internet this week, but is Ferrero really including an ingredient that might give consumers cancer? The study, released by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) last May, does not say that Nutella can cause cancer. What the study does say is that palm oil, an ingredient in Nutella, releases potentially carcinogenic chemicals when refined at high temperatures. Palm oil, derived from the fruit of palm trees, is used in plenty of food. When refined at around 200 degrees Celsius, the study says, palm oil releases a contaminant known as glycidyl fatty esters (GE) in higher levels than other vegetable oils. Previous studies have shown that GE can cause tumors in rats and mice, leading EFSA to characterize it as a \"potential health risk\" for children and anyone who consumes it in high amounts. [...] Nutella\u2019s cancer risks may be overblown by the press, but there are still plenty of good reasons not to eat palm oil. Palm oil plantations have been linked to deforestation, air pollution, and illegal labor practices. Although Ferrero says it sources palm oil from sustainable plantations, it has still come under criticism from environmentalists. France\u2019s ecology minister urged the public to \"stop eating Nutella\" in 2015, adding that it should be made with \"other ingredients.\"", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Ranil Has Been Selected As ADB President !1", "evidence": "Former Sri Lankan president Ranil Wickremesinghe has NOT been appointed as the next President of the ADB. The election process is still ongoing, and the final outcome will be announced at the end of November 2024.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Trump Plagiarize from \u201cLegally Blonde\u201d !!", "evidence": "President Trump Is Being Accused of Plagiarizing a Speech From \u2018Legally Blonde\u2019 Elle Woods for president. President Trump is accused of copying a Legally Blonde speech, and the similarities are uncanny. In a viral TikTok video by Truth Lies Shenanigans, the account, which goes by the handle @tlsliveshow, edits one of Donald Trump\u2019s speeches with the speech that Reese Witherspoon\u2018s character, Elle Woods, gives at the end of Legally Blonde when she and the rest of her class graduate from Harvard Law School. (Watch the video here.) The speeches aren\u2019t identical, but there are a lot of similarities between the messages and the words that both Trump and Elle use. This may be why the TikTok has been viewed more than 2 million times and has received more than 500,000 likes. Here\u2019s how Truth Lies Shenanigans cut the TikTok to show the similarities between Trump and Elle\u2019s speeches.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Oatmeal is Unhealthy !!", "evidence": "In conclusion, despite recent social media claims suggesting that oats have no nutritional value and inhibit mineral absorption, these assertions are unfounded. The primary concern about oats revolves around their phytic acid content, which can bind minerals and reduce their bioavailability. However, the impact of phytic acid on mineral absorption should be considered in context, as its effects vary depending on individual dietary patterns and overall nutritional intake. Furthermore, phytic acid also offers several health benefits, including antioxidant properties, potential cholesterol management, blood sugar regulation, and reduced risk of chronic diseases. Ultimately, consuming oats as part of a balanced diet can contribute to overall health and well-being, providing numerous benefits without leading to nutrient deficiencies.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Presidential Election of SL Will Be Held On September 28 or October 5 !!", "evidence": "COLOMBO, Sri Lanka (AP) \u2014 Sri Lanka will hold its presidential election on Sept. 21 in a crucial vote that will decide the future of the South Asian nation still struggling to recover from its economic collapse in 2022, which provoked mass protests and forced the former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa to flee the country and later resign. [...] Namal Rajapaksa, the heir apparent to the once-powerful Rajapaksa clan, is also contesting. Namal\u2019s candidacy will test whether his powerful clan \u2014 which has produced two presidents \u2014 can retain its hold on the country after many of its members were pushed into the political wilderness. His father, Mahinda Rajapaksa, is credited with crushing the Tamil armed separatist movement in 2009. [...] Sri Lanka has a powerful executive presidential system with the President being the head of state, government, cabinet and the armed forces. The prime minister has some powers like recommending Cabinet ministers.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "China Has Chosen A Design Inspired By The Palestinian Flag For The Paris Olympics 2024 !!", "evidence": "A post shared on social media purports the Chinese athletes\u2019 uniforms at the Paris Olympics were inspired by the Palestinian flag. [...] A post shared on Facebook alleged Chinese athletes are wearing uniforms at the Paris Olympics that were inspired by the colors of the Palestinian flag. The image shows a woman holding a bow with red fabric attached while wearing a green top with black pants. The caption reads, \"China has chosen a design of the Palestinian flag for the Paris 2024 Olympics. World\u2019s most loved country. We will NEVER stop sharing. \u15b4\u1587\u15f4\u15f4 \u146d\u15e9\u14aa\u15f4STI\u144e\u15f4 !!\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Income Tax Refund Of Rs 15,490 Approved For Taxpayers !!", "evidence": "A message on social media claims that an revenue tax refund of Rs 15,490 has been approved for particular person taxpayers. In order to get it, the viral message declare that individuals must confirm their checking account numbers if these usually are not appropriate. The message has additionally a hyperlink to confirm the checking account. \"You have been approved an income tax refund of Rs. 15,490/-, the amount will be credited to your account shortly. Please verify your account number 5XXXXX6755. If this is not correct, please update your bank account information by visiting the link below,\" the viral message said. The viral message turned out to be faux. The central authorities\u2019s nodal company\u2019s reality examine division has refuted the viral message. It mentioned that Income Tax has not despatched this message. \"A viral message claims that the recipient has been approved for an income tax refund of Rs 15,490,\" PIB mentioned in a tweet, including that, \"Income Tax has not sent this message.\"", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Electricity Bill To Be Reduced By 22.5% !!", "evidence": "Colombo (News 1st): PUCSL has announced a reduction in electricity tariff, effective from August. [...] Therefore, the Electricity tariff will be reduced by 22.5% effective from today. [...] The commission has also approved electricity tariff reductions for places of worship, hotels, and public spaces.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "A Japanese journalist found i phone 13 in 1980 !!", "evidence": "This is a little change of pace but related to more and more of what is being revealed. It does look like an iPhone and it would be hard to understand why someone in 1980 would be faking or know how to fake something like that. Curious what everyone thinks.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Salaries for state workers should be increased to Rs. 1000. - JVP", "evidence": "On May 1, Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe declared that his government was increasing estate workers\u2019 daily wage to 1,700 rupees ($US5.72), up from the current 1,000 rupees. He made the announcement at a May Day rally organised by the Ceylon Workers Congress (CWC) at Kotagala in the Nuwara-Eliya district. [...] In April 2021, President Gotabhaya Rajapakse\u2019s government announced a 1,000-rupee daily wage via a gazette notification in an attempt to undermine estate workers\u2019 strikes for a higher wage. The PA initially rejected the increase only to accept it after judicial intervention. However, it then devised various methods, including increasing daily production targets, to avoid paying the higher daily wage. [...] The All Ceylon Workers Union, which is controlled by the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP), has called for a 2,000-rupee daily wage for estate workers. It has no significant following in the estates, however, and always falls into line with the other unions\u2019 pro-company wage policy.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Russia Declares War Against The USA!!", "evidence": "The devastating Russian-Ukrainian war has been ongoing for several years, with the United States and NATO providing support to Ukraine. In this context, a significant amount of misleading information regarding the situation is being spread on social media. Social Media Posts Social media posts claim that Russia has declared war against the USA. FB | [\u2026] [...] Social media posts claim that Russia has declared war against the USA. [...] The claim that Russia has declared war against the USA is unfounded and incorrect. The rhetoric from Russian officials reflects escalating tensions but does not amount to a declaration of war. Social media users should be cautious about misinterpreting or amplifying such statements without verifying the facts through reliable sources.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "EMF Radiation From Wi-Fi Routers Effects On Plant Growth And Human Health !!", "evidence": "Abstract: With the rapidly increasing number of artificial sources of electromagnetic fields, it needs research of their effects to living organisms. The most common object of these studies is primarily a human who is exposed to electromagnetic radiation in the environment, at home and at workplaces. In this area are also observed the changes in behavior of animals and plants caused by the high frequency electromagnetic radiation. Plants are very sensitive because they can perceive a lot of perceptions from the environment. In this article, we observed the effects of Wi-Fi radiation on the growth plants, namely garden cress. One sample was exposed to long-term electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of Wi-Fi router. The second sample was exposed minimum to that radiation. It has been shown that long-term exposure of Wi-Fi radiation in the vicinity of the cress causes changes in growth and development as well as visible changes of discoloration and vitality. [...] The experiment has demonstrated the negative effects of Wi-Fi radiation on the plants of garden cress, but for the confirmation of that argument will be necessary to repeat this experiment. The result was the slowing of plants growth, physiological and metabolic changes and genetic mutations that can lead to death of the plants. It is therefore necessary to continue research this issue, to be able to more accurately describe the changes in plants caused by high-frequency electromagnetic fields.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "\u201cSarwajana Balaya Movement\u201d Has Decided To Support National People\u2019s Power (NPP)", "evidence": "Several nationalist political parties and civil society groups joined hands to form a new political movement titled \"Sarvajana Balaya\" in Colombo yesterday.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Saudi Arabia Is The Only Country Without Rivers !!", "evidence": "There are 19 countries around the world with no rivers in them. Most of the larger ones are in the Middle East, but a few are found in other locations like Europe or Pacific Islands. [...] Asia has 8 countries with no rivers and almost all are located on the Arabian Peninsula. The one exception is Maldives, which is a chain of islands in the Indian Ocean. [...] Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the world with no rivers at 830,000 square miles. Or put another way, it\u2019s slightly more than 3 times the size of the state of Texas!", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk Is Giving Away Bitcoin Or Ethereum Freely !!", "evidence": "Imagine waking up one day to find Elon Musk has launched an exciting new cryptocurrency giveaway celebration tied to SpaceX\u2019s latest rocket launch. A YouTube video shows Musk announcing that SpaceX will distribute $100 million in free Bitcoin, Ethereum, Dogecoin and other tokens. All you need to do is visit the SpaceX website, send some crypto to a designated wallet address, and double your money! [...] The SpaceX cryptocurrency giveaway scams are elaborate ruses designed to deceive victims into transferring valuable digital assets into the wallets of opportunistic fraudsters. By impersonating Elon Musk and SpaceX, these cunning scammers have managed to pilfer millions in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum and Dogecoin from unsuspecting users. [...] No. Any crypto giveaways promoting rewards in Bitcoin, Ethereum, Dogecoin or other assets tied to SpaceX or Elon Musk are completely fake. SpaceX has never actually conducted any crypto giveaways.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Posting No-Consent Message Prevents Meta From Using Your Content For AI Training", "evidence": "Upon our fact-checking, along with information from Meta, confirms that user posts on Meta platforms cannot stop Meta from utilizing their content for AI training. To prevent their data from being used in this way, users must adhere to the procedures set by Meta. Spreading misleading chain messages can result in the dissemination of misinformation and cause confusion.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Letter On Sajith\u2019s Participation In ITN`s Debate With Anura !!", "evidence": "Circulating Letter on Sajith's Participation in Debate with Anura Is Fake [...] The letter circulating on social media, claiming that opposition leader Sajith Premadasa is ready to attend a debate with Anura Kumara Dissanayake on June 6, is fake. This has been confirmed SJB media secretary, and corroborated by an official letter from MP Nalin Bandara to ITN's chairman. Title:Circulating Letter on Sajith's Participation in Debate with Anura Is Fake", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Elon Musk Has Publicly Stated He Was Shocked From Hearing Hadunneththi`S Allegations", "evidence": "- \"Elon Musk's Disturbing 'Truth'\". The Atlantic. November 16, 2023. Archived from the original on November 16, 2023. Retrieved November 16, 2023. [...] - ^ Elsesser, Kim (November 19, 2021). \"Weeks After Elon Musk's Tits Joke, Allegations Of Rampant Sexual Harassment Surface At Tesla\". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. [...] - ^ a b Hern, Alex (June 18, 2014). \"Elon Musk says he invested in DeepMind over 'Terminator' fears\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2015.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Walmart Has Returned To 24-Hour Operations!", "evidence": "A few days ago, numerous social media users claimed that Walmart would resume 24-hour operations in all its stores from August 14. The retail giant had stopped offering round-the-clock service in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. A widely shared post on X, previously known as Twitter, stated, \"Walmart has announced that starting June 3rd, all locations in the U.S. will go back to 24 hours.\" [...] Walmart has quashed the latest rumors suggesting a return to 24-hour operations. \"There are no current plans to return our stores to 24-hour operations,\" stated Walmart spokesperson Joe Pennington in an email to Snopes.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Piyumi Wijesekera\u2019s Was Selected to a NASA\u2019s Mars Mission !!", "evidence": "Misleading Posts About Piyumi Wijesekera's Participation in NASA's Simulated Mars Mission [...] The claim that Piyumi Wijesekera is going on a NASA mission to Mars is misleading. Piyumi Wijesekera, along with Jason Lee, Stephanie Navarro, and Shareef Al Romaithi, is part of NASA\u2019s Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA) mission. This mission is a simulated Mars mission, not an actual space mission. The purpose of HERA is to study how crew members adapt to isolation, confinement, and remote conditions similar to what astronauts would experience on long-duration space missions. [...] Piyumi Wijesekera is not currently selected to go on an actual Mars mission. She is participating in a simulated mission as part of NASA\u2019s research to prepare for future deep space exploration. The social media posts suggesting otherwise are inaccurate and misleading.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The humans are carnivorous species !!", "evidence": "The first humans were mega-carnivores who took down prey with savvy hunting skills, a controversial new study suggests. [...] The ancient human species Homo habilis was eating meat at least 2.6 million years ago, Ben-Dor said. Another early human species, Homo erectus, seems to have been a particularly enthusiastic meat eater by 1.8 million years ago; its teeth and gut shrank compared with earlier ancestors \u2014 adaptations for digesting meat instead of plants \u2014 and it used stone tools capable of butchering meat. [...] Despite the limited evidence from humanity's early evolution, the researchers said there is more work to be done to show whether these human ancestors truly were specialized carnivores. This might include more work on the abundance of animals of different sizes throughout the Pleistocene, explorations of genetic changes over time that would have altered humans' ability to digest different foods and comparisons of trends in prey size over time.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Dasun Shanaka was selected for CSK !!", "evidence": "CSK has not picked Dasun Shanaka; he is replacing the injured player Kane Williamson in the Gujarat Titans squad for IPL 2023.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Astronaut Buzz Aldrin Said The Moon Landing Was Fake", "evidence": "A video viewed more than 42,000 times on Instagram claims to show former astronaut Buzz Aldrin as he \"admits [the] Moon landing was fake\". [...] During his response Mr Aldrin says: \"I think I know\u2026 Because we didn't go there.\" This part of his longer answer has been presented as proof that the 1969 Moon landing was faked\u2014a longstanding conspiracy theory which we have written about before. [...] But this doesn\u2019t mean Mr Aldrin \"admitted\" the Moon landing was faked. Here\u2019s what Mr Aldrin said in full: \"That's not an eight-year-old's question. That's my question. I want to know. But I think I know. Because we didn't go there. And that's the way it happened.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Biden going to declare and activate the Selective Service Act and begins drafting 20 years old to war!!", "evidence": "The Facebook video appears to show Biden mid-sentence, saying, \"invoke the Selective Service Act, as is my authority as president.\" He continues, \"Remember, you\u2019re not sending your sons and daughters to war. You\u2019re sending them to freedom.\" Text overlaid on the video reads, \"NO WAY The draft.\" This is not genuine footage of Biden, however. The video was originally posted to X, the platform formerly known as Twitter, by The Post Millennial. Its caption reads, \"AI imagines what would happen if Biden declares and activates the Selective Service Act and begins drafting 20 years old to war.\" AI imagines what would happen if Biden declares and activates the Selective Service Act and begins drafting 20 years old to war pic.twitter.com/896Htrtteu \u2014 The Post Millennial (@TPostMillennial) February 27, 2023", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Sri Lankan Government Distributing Free Solar Panels To The General Public !!", "evidence": "Sri Lanka paying households to produce solar energy [...] Sri Lanka has launched a scheme to encourage people to produce their own electricity. The government will provide solar panels to homes at a subsidised rate. [...] Currently 50% of Sri Lanka\u2019s electricity is produced through renewable energy. The government wants to push this to 60% by 2020 and 70% by 2030.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Is 5G Radiation Harmful And Lethal For Birds And Humans?", "evidence": "Surprisingly, some people feel passionately that 5G signals are harmful to humans, despite there being zero credible evidence and zero physical plausibility. Some people believe that the secret purpose of installing 5G technology is to harm humans. The problem with this type of conspiracy theory (i.e., the widespread poisoning of public spaces by conspiring organizations) is that political and technology leaders are also human and also use public spaces. If the people responsible for implementing 5G technology were really causing harmful electromagnetic radiation to be broadcast into public spaces, they would also be harming themselves, their children and their loved ones. While there may indeed be a handful of evil or mentally ill people that are happy harming themselves and their loved ones while harming others, it is absurd to think that effectively all political and technology leaders, at all levels, in all countries, are happy harming themselves and their loved ones.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Heated Argument Between Mark Zuckerberg And Elon Musk Over Meta Platforms\u2019 Outage", "evidence": "Elon Musk and Mark Zuckerberg are going to have a cage match, or at least that\u2019s what they\u2019ve been telling the world. The whole thing started in June because of an internal Meta meeting recording The Verge heard, in which Meta chief product officer Chris Cox said Meta\u2019s Twitter competitor Threads would be \"sanely run\" in a clear jab at Musk\u2019s Twitter reign. When a Twitter user warned Musk about Zuckerberg\u2019s jiu-jitsu training, Musk responded that he was \"up for a cage match if he is lol.\" Zuckerberg seemingly accepted in an Instagram post the same day. [...] Elon Musk says he\u2019ll fight Mark Zuckerberg \"any place, any time, any rules.\"Musk famously challenged the Meta CEO to a cage match last year that Zuckerberg agreed to but never happened. [...] Elon Musk and Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg\u2019s cage match will be livestreamed on Musk\u2019s Twitter, which is currently rebranding to X, according to a post from Musk early this morning. Musk says the proceeds will go to charity for veterans.", "stance": "insufficient-contradictory"}
{"claim": "Drone-Operated Mobile Toilets In China!", "evidence": "Fact Check: Not a royal flush! AI pic viral as Chinese app-based mobile drone toilet [...] \"China has developed a mobile drone toilet that can be requested via an app remotely,\" claimed several tweets featuring a photo of a pristine white portable toilet fitted with propellers, sitting in the middle of what looks like a public park. The archived version of one such tweet can be seen here. [...] Shared on May 15, 2023, this post featured several other designs of similar mobile drone toilets. In these posts, Mulloor made it clear that these designs were made using Midjourney, a generative artificial intelligence program that generates images from \"prompts\", similar to OpenAI's DALL-E and Stable Diffusion.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Facebook Decided To Charge For Social Media Usage From All Users!", "evidence": "In September 2023, Facebook users shared a message that claimed the social media platform would soon be charging users $7.99 per month \u2014 that apparently being the only way users could continue to access the company's app and website. The posts also said that the supposedly bombshell tech news was reported by \"Channel 13 News.\" . [...] So now they are doing it, we just saw on Channel 13 News, that Facebook will be charging all users starting Monday. You can do an \"opt-out\" by posting the above. Hold your fingers over and copy. Bye Bye ads However, Facebook did not make any announcements about charging users in order to use its services: not $4.99, as we previously reported, not $7.99, nor any other amount of money.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "China Is Not Ready To Amortize SL\u2019s Outstanding Debt!(letter)", "evidence": "Forged Letter Goes Viral Claiming That China is Not Ready To Amortize SL's Outstanding Debt! [...] With such background, a letter has been circulating for weeks on social media. The letter says China cannot amortize Sri Lanka's loans as China is also suffering from economic problems due to the consequences of Covid 19 pandemic. [...] Title:The letter claiming that China is not ready to amortize the Outstanding Debt of Sri Lanka is Forged \u2013 Chinese Embassy in Colombo", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Okapathana College- A School Located In Rathnapura District,Sri Lanka", "evidence": "There is no verifiable evidence to support the existence of Okapathana Vidyala or a village named Okapathana in Rathnapura, Sri Lanka. Claims circulating on social media about students' achievements from this purported school, including the creation of satellites, robots, etc., appear unfounded and should be treated with skepticism. It is essential to rely on credible sources and conduct thorough fact-checking before accepting or sharing information, especially regarding extraordinary and sensationalised claims.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Tyson Foods Teamed Up With Protix To Create Insect Protein for Humans !!", "evidence": "Tyson Foods has announced a strategic investment in Protix for more sustainable protein production. The companies stated that the investment will support the growth of the insect ingredient industry and expand the use of insect ingredient solutions. Tyson Foods, Inc., one of the world\u2019s largest food companies, has reached an agreement for a two-fold investment with Protix, the leading global insect ingredients company. The strategic investment will support the growth of the emerging insect ingredient industry and expand the use of insect ingredient solutions to create more efficient sustainable proteins and lipids for use in the global food system. The agreement combines Tyson Foods\u2019 global scale, experience and network with Protix\u2019s technology and market leadership to meet current market demand and scale production of insect ingredients. Kees Aarts, CEO of Protix, said: \"We are very excited to announce the next step in our international growth strategy. Tyson Foods\u2019 and Protix\u2019s strategic partnership advances our joint work towards creating high-quality, more sustainable protein using innovative technology and solutions. Moreover, we can immediately use their existing byproducts as feedstock for our insects. This agreement is a major milestone for Protix and significantly accelerates our ambition to grow through international partnerships.\"", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "Zelensky Tell World Leaders To Spend All Their Money On Weapons To Attack Russia!!", "evidence": "Zelensky urges world leaders to stand with Ukraine as he presents \u2018victory plan\u2019 to UN [...] Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky urged world leaders to stand with Ukraine in the war against Russia as he presented his \"victory plan\" to the UN General Assembly. [...] At the UN Security Council earlier in the week, Mr Zelensky argued that Russia needs to \"be forced into peace\", saying there\u2019s no point in pursuing peace talks with Mr Putin.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Pipe Water In Colombo Not Suitable For Consumption, Due To Chlorine Shortage And Purification Issues", "evidence": "In urban areas it is necessary to have high elevated storage facilities, such as storage water tanks on top of buildings, elevated water towers and ground storage reservoirs on top of hills or high elevated ground. At present Colombo city uses around 300,000 m3 of water on the average per day. Accordingly, the minimum high-elevated storage has to be 100,000m3 to 125,000m3, and ground-storage facilities should be 200,000 m3 to 175,000 m3. After the completion of the ongoing GCWRP project, the elevated storage in Colombo city will total up to 82,500 m3. After commissioning of Maligakanda new reservoir, a decision has to be taken \u2018with regard to the Maligakanda rectangular concrete reservoir, which is around 125 years old, along with piping and valves. For this purpose a panel of experts may have to be appointed by the NWSDB for ascertaining their condition. This would need this reservoir and the components to be isolated from the distribution network for checking the condition for stability, whether they are suitable for further use or, whether they would have to be replaced with a new reservoir along with the other components.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "An Organized Criminal Group Posing As Government Officials For TIN Registration in Sri Lanka!", "evidence": "There is no credible evidence to support the social media claims about an organised group posing as government officials requesting ID and TIN numbers. The Defense Ministry and the Ministry of Public Administration have not reported any such incidents, and there are no media reports substantiating the claims. Therefore, the social media posts can be considered misleading.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "The research unit of Akuressa Coop, led by NPP, has developed a novel wood apple mixed chocolate product !!", "evidence": "In conclusion, the wood apple chocolate innovation results from Suchindra Dilumge's entrepreneurial spirit and expertise, and there is no link to Akuressa Co-op or NPP. We encourage social media users to focus on accurate information, acknowledge the achievements of individuals like Suchindra Dilumge, and verify details before sharing to avoid the spread of misinformation.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "Beware Of Hoax WhatsApp Message Asking To Register For Free Laptops Offered By The Government\u2026", "evidence": "A registration link is being shared widely on social media asking students to fill up so that they can get free laptops being provided by the government. The post claims that the government is providing free laptops as schools and colleges are closed due to COVID-19. Let\u2019s fact-check the claim made in the post. Claim: Registration link to get free laptops being provided by the government. [...] On clicking the link given in the post, it redirects the user to a blog \u2013 \"https://registration-for-your-laptop.blogspot.com/\". If the government is providing laptops, it does the registration through an official portal, not through a blog. Also, on filling up the details in the registration form given on the website, it redirects again to a different page, where the user is asked to share the link with 10 other people to complete the registration. No government initiative or scheme asks people to share a link on WhatsApp to complete the registration. It is a fraudulent website.", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "Since President RW Assumed Office In July 2022, Sri Lanka Has NOT Repaid Foreign Loans !!", "evidence": "-Human Rights Watch (Lanka-e-News -15.Jan.2023, 11.10 pm) The change of presidents of Sri Lanka in 2022 did not lead to any improvement in the country\u2019s human rights record, Human Rights Watch said today(12) in its World Report 2023. During 2022, thousands of Sri Lankans too Read more >> [...] (Lanka-e-News-25.March.2022, 8.35 pm) President Gotabhaya Rajapaksa has agreed to set up a multi-billion dollar fund from the Tamil Diaspora for development in the North and East. The fund is not for repaying loans in Sri Lanka but only for development ac Read more >> [...] (Lanka-e-News-18.March.2022, 3.25 am) According to China's foreign financial sector information, it is reported that Sri Lanka has not been able to repay the foreign loan due to China. Sri Lanka owes $ 53.596 million to China Development Bank, $ 17 millio Read more >>", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "A Rat Moved On The Space X Falcon 9 Engine On Its Way To Space", "evidence": "Our investigation found that the viral video depicting the mouse moving here and there on the outer surface is digitally manipulated and not natural. In the original video, there is an unclear moving object, and some researchers say it depicts crystalised waste from the rocket's engine. However, there is still no conclusion about it. But, it's improbable that a living animal can survive outside the rocket due to the circumstances.", "stance": "insufficient-refutes"}
{"claim": "Climate Change is a tool used for Depopulation!!", "evidence": "List of areas depopulated due to climate change This article lists several areas, regions, and municipalities that have either been completely or markedly depopulated, or are involved in plans for depopulation or relocation due to anthropogenic climate change. Several factors created or worsened by climate change can be responsible for necessitating managed retreat or the relocation of people and/or infrastructure. These include rising sea levels, increased flooding risk, changes to the makeup of the land (e.g. a habitable area becoming a wetland), coastal erosion, increased susceptibility to dangerous cyclones, droughts, water shortages, wildfires, and other factors, all of which can overlap with each other to enhance the risk of danger or inhabitability of a formerly populated region. [...] Lists [edit]Completely depopulated [edit]Significantly impacted [edit]Gallery [edit]See also [edit]- Climate migration - Environmental migrant - Managed retreat - List of landmarks destroyed or damaged by climate change", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "The CID Arrested The President Of The Kelaniya Student Union At the Airport !", "evidence": "COLOMBO (News 1st) - The Chairman and an activist of the Student Union of the University of Kelaniya were arrested by Thalangama Police. [...] The Chairman of the Student Union of the University of Kelaniya Kelum Mudannayake, and activist Dilshan Harshana were arrested by Thalangama Police when they visited the Police Station to provide a statement.", "stance": "refutes"}
{"claim": "US Ambassador Julie Chung Has Been Recalled To Washington !!", "evidence": "Chung, Julie \u2013 Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka \u2013 August 2021 [...] Julie Chung, a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, class of Minister-Counselor, was most recently the Acting Assistant Secretary of the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs at the U.S. Department of State. She has repeatedly demonstrated her ability to lead diverse interagency teams effectively and to provide strong leadership even in extreme security environments. As Chief of Staff in Baghdad, she coordinated civilian-military foreign assistance with thirteen agencies and sections, and managed the interagency Emergency Assistance Coordination Team in response to suicide bombings. In Bogota, she managed the U.S. government\u2019s largest extradition program, including paramilitary and narco-trafficking cases. While working in the Office of Korean Affairs in Washington, she frequently traveled to North Korea to implement the U.S.-North Korea Agreed Framework. With extensive diplomatic experience across three geographic regions, Ms. Chung is well-qualified to be the U.S. Ambassador to the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Ms. Chung was the Director and Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Japan in the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, and served as Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Cambodia and Economic Counselor at the U.S. Embassy in Thailand. As the United States representative to the G24 in Bogota, she led initiatives focused on demining, labor, and human rights. She was a public affairs officer in Vietnam, an economic officer in Japan, and a consular officer in Guangzhou, China.", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "New Phone Scam in Which Criminals Can Access Your Phone Data Once You Call Back a Number From A Missed Call !!", "evidence": "Can you get \"hacked\" by calling a number? I am curious if calling the number would do something to my phone. How could a hacker possibly access sensitive information just by tricking someone into calling. [...] - If you call them, the spammer can find out if that phone number is owned by an actual person. The spammer can also easily fake the same area code as you, and set up a clever social engineering trick that may involve you thinking with the wrong head.", "stance": "insufficient-supports"}
{"claim": "The Oppenheimer Actor, Cillian Murphy, Corrected Prince Harry On His Nationality !!", "evidence": "Cillian Murphy is an Irish actor who has been making waves in the entertainment industry for years. He recently gained even more attention for his leading role in Christopher Nolan's latest film, Oppenheimer, which put him in the world's spotlight. Recently, a video of him speaking to Prince Harry has emerged and gone viral on [\u2026] Cillian Murphy is an Irish actor who has been making waves in the entertainment industry for years. He recently gained even more attention for his leading role in Christopher Nolan's latest film, Oppenheimer, which put him in the world's spotlight. Recently, a video of him speaking to Prince Harry has emerged and gone viral on social media. [...] Title:Did the Oppenheimer actor, Cillian Murphy, Correct Prince Harry on his Nationality?", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Bluetooth headphones emit the EMF wave that increases cancer risk !!", "evidence": "Some scientists are arguing that these headphones could potentially lead increase cancer risk due to the fact they emit radio frequency (EMF) radiation when they are used. In 2015, a group of scientists around the world signed a petition directed to the United Nations and World Health Organization that expresses their concern about exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF). The petition, which started circulating around the internet again in early 2019, also says that EMF has the potential to increase the risk of neurological disorders, DNA damage, cellular distress, and changes to the reproductive system. [...] Ultimately, when it comes to wireless headphones, its dangers aren\u2019t all that clear. Despite extremely low frequency EMF being possibly carcinogenic to humans, researchers have still not observed a direct connection. Bluetooth headphones specifically have their power density exposures that is 10 to 400 times lower than those of cell phones, according to Dana-Farber\u2019s David Kozono, MD, PhD. Power density is the rate of power that an EMF produces per the unit area. \"I would therefore expect it would be more difficult to observe an association between Bluetooth headphone use and cancer,\" Kozono says. \"Data are lacking however to conclude with certainty that there is or is not a risk of increased cancer.\"", "stance": "insufficient-neutral"}
{"claim": "Fox News Tweets that 68% of individuals who used Ivermectin to treat or prevent COVID-19 are suffering from long-term bowel and urinary incontinence.", "evidence": "Candace Owens @ @RealCandaceO Well, this explains a few things Fox News @ 'NEWS @FoxNews lvermectin's hidden cost: New studies show that 68% of those who used ivermectin to treat or prevent Covid are suffering long-term bowel and urinary incontinence PM - May 12, 2022 397 49 836 AM - Mav 13. 2022 #candace#owens#well#explains#things#fox#news#lvermectins#hidden#new#studies#show#used#ivermectin#treat#prevent#covid#suffering#long#term 0 comment durfblurf 22d 397", "stance": "supports"}
{"claim": "CCTV Footage Of A Burglary In Sri Lanka", "evidence": "We verified that the video viral on social media in Sri Lanka claiming to be CCTV footage of a Robbery at Rathmalana was actually part of an awareness video from Kerala, India.", "stance": "refutes"}