Stars and Galaxies
PART I: EXPLORING THE SKY. 1. Here and Now. Where Are You? When Is Now? Why Study Astronomy? 2. A User's Guide to the Sky. The Stars. The Sky and Celestial Motion. The Cycles of the Sun. Astronomical Influences on Earth's Climate. 3. Cycles of the Moon. The Changeable Moon. Lunar Eclipses. Solar Eclipses. Predicting Eclipses. 4. The Origin of Modern Astronomy. The Roots of Astronomy. The Copernican Revolution. Planetary Motion. Galileo Galilei. Modern Astronomy. 5. Gravity. Galileo and Newton. Orbital Motion and Tides. Einstein and Relativity. 6. Light and Telescopes. Radiation: Information from Space. Telescopes. Observations on Earth: Optical and Radio. Airborne and Space Observatories. Astronomical Instruments and Techniques. Nonelectromagnetic Astronomy. PART II: THE STARS. 7. Atoms and Spectra. Atoms. Interactions of Light and Matter. Understanding Spectra. 8. The Sun. The Solar Atmosphere. Solar Activity. Nuclear Fusion in the Sun. 9. The Family of Stars. Star Distances. Apparent Brightness, Intrinsic Brightness, and Luminosity. Stellar Spectra. Star Sizes. Star Masses--Binary Stars. A Census of the Stars. 10. The Interstellar Medium. Studying the Interstellar Medium. Components of the Interstellar Medium. The Gas-Stars-Gas Cycle. 11. The Formation and Structure of Stars. Making Stars from the Interstellar Medium. The Orion Nebula: Evidence of Star Formation. Young Stellar Objects and Protostellar Disks. Stellar Structure. The Source of Stellar Energy. 12. Stellar Evolution. Main-Sequence Stars. Post-Main-Sequence Evolution. Star Clusters: Evidence of Evolution. Variable Stars: Evidence of Evolution. 13. The Deaths of Stars. Lower-Main-Sequence Stars. The Evolution of Binary Stars. 14. Neutron Stars and Black Holes. Neutron Stars. Black Holes. Compact Objects with Disks and Jets. PART III: THE UNIVERSE. 15. The Milky Way Galaxy. Discovery of the Galaxy. Structure of the Galaxy. Spiral Arms and Star Formation. The Nucleus of the Galaxy. Origin and History of the Milky Way Galaxy. 16. Galaxies. The Family of Galaxies. Measuring the Properties of Galaxies. The Evolution of Galaxies. 17. Active Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes. Active Galactic Nuclei. Supermassive Black Holes. 18. Modern Cosmology. Introduction to the Universe. The Big Bang Theory. Space & Time; Matter & Energy. Twenty-First-Century Cosmology. PART IV: LIFE. 19. Astrobiology: Life on Other Worlds. The Nature of Life. Life in the Universe. Intelligent Life in the Universe. Afterword. Appendix A: Units and Astronomical Data. Introduction. Fundamental and Derived SI Units. Appendix B. Observing the Sky.