Out of Many: A History of the American People
PREFACEOut of Many, A History of the American People, Brief Third Edition, offers a distinctive and timely approach to American history, highlighting the experiences of diverse communities of Americans in the unfolding story of our country. These communities offer a way of examining the complex historical forces shaping people's lives at various moments in our past. The debates and conflicts surrounding the most momentous issues in our national life—independence, emerging democracy, slavery, westward settlement, imperial expansion, economic depression, war, technological change—were largely worked out in the context of local communities. Through communities we focus on the persistent tensions between everyday life and those larger decisions and events that continually reshape the circumstances of local life. Each chapter opens with a description of a representative community. Some of these portraits feature American communities struggling with one another: African slaves and English masters on the rice plantations of colonial Georgia, or Tejanos and Americans during the Texas war of independence. Other chapters feature portraits of communities facing social change: the feminists of Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848; the sitdown strikers of Flint, Michigan, in 1934; and the African Americans of Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955. As the story unfolds we find communities growing to include ever larger groups of Americans: The soldiers from every colony who forged the Continental Army into a patriotic national force at Valley Forge during the American Revolution; the movie-goers who dreamed a collective dream of material prosperity and upward mobility during the 1920s; and the Americans linked in overgrowing numbers in the virtual communities of cyberspace as the twenty-first century begins.We prepared this brief edition to serve the needs of one-semester courses, teachers who assign supplemental readings, or anyone interested in a more condensed narrative of American history. While this volume is about two-thirds the length of the full-length version, it retains the distinct point of view that makes it unique among all college-level American history texts. The community focus remains fully in place as the integrating perspective that allows us to combine political, social, and cultural history.Out of Many is also the only American history text with a truly continental perspective. With community vignettes from New England to the South, the Midwest to the far West, we encourage students to appreciate the great expanse of our nation. For example, a vignette of seventeenth-century Santa Fe, New Mexico, illustrates the founding of the first European settlements in the New World. We present territorial expansion into the American West from the point of view of the Mandan villagers of the upper Missouri River of North Dakota. We introduce the policies of the Reconstruction era through the experience of African Americans in the Sea Island of South Carolina. This continental perspective drives home to students that American history has never been the preserve of any particular region.In these ways Out of Many breaks new ground, but without compromising its coverage of the traditional turning points that we believe are critically important to an understanding of the American past. Among these watershed events are the Revolution and the struggle over the Constitution, the Civil War and Reconstruction, and the Great Depression and World War II. In Out of Many, however, we seek to integrate the narrative of national history with the story of the nation's many diverse communities. The Revolutionary and Constitutional period tried the ability of local communities to forge a new unity, and success depended on their ability to build a nation without compromising local identity. The Civil War and Reconstruction formed a second great test of the balance between the national ideas of the revolution and the power of local and sectional communities. The Depression and the New Deal demonstrated the impotence of local communities and the growing power of national institutions during the greatest economic challenge in our history. Out of Many also looks back in a new and comprehensive way—from the vantage point of the beginning of a new century and the end of the Cold War—at the salient events of the last fifty years and their impact on American communities. The community focus of Out of Many weaves the stories of the people and of the nation into a single compelling narrative.   SPECIAL FEATURESWith each edition of Out of Many we have sought to strengthen its unique integration of the best of traditional American history with its innovative community-based focus and strong continental perspective. A wealth of special features and pedagogical aids reinforces our narrative and helps students grasp key issues.Community and Diversity. Out of Many, Brief Third Edition, opens with an introduction, titled "Community and Diversity," that acquaints students with the major themes of the book, providing them with a framework for understanding American history. Immigration and Community: The Changing Face of Ethnicity in America. This feature, new to this edition, highlights the impact of the immigrant experience on the formation of American communities. There are four Immigration and Community features in the book. The first covers the colonial period through 1800, the second covers from 1800 to 1860, the third covers from 1860 to 1930, and the last covers the period since 1930. Each is four pages long and opens with an overview of the character of immigration during the period in question. This overview is followed by a section called "In Their Own Words" that consists of extracts from primary sources written by immigrants themselves and by native-born Americans in response to the new arrivals. Study questions at the end of each Immigration and Community feature ask students to relate issues raised in the overview and documents to broader issues in American history. History and the Land. These features focus on the geographical dimension of historical change to give students an appreciation of the relationship between geography and history. Each elucidates an important historical trend or process with a map and a brief explanatory essay. American Communities. Each chapter opens with an American Communities vignette that relates the experience of a particular community to the broader issues discussed in the chapter. Maps. Out of Many, Brief Third Edition, has more maps than any other American history textbook. Many maps include topographical detail that helps students appreciate the impact of geography on history. Overview tables. Overview tables, also new to this edition, provide students with a summary of complex issues. Graphs, charts, and tables. Every chapter includes one or more graphs, charts, or tables that help students understand important events and trends. Photos and illustrations. The abundant illustrations in Out of Many, Brief Third Edition, include many images that have never before been used in an American history text. None of the images is anachronistic—each one dates from the historical period under discussion. Extensive captions treat the images as visual primary source documents from the American past, describing their source and explaining their significance. Chapter-opening outlines and key topics lists. These pedagogical aids provide students with a succinct preview of the material covered in each chapter. Chronologies. A chronology at the end of each chapter helps students build a framework of key events. Review Questions. Review questions help students review, reinforce, and retain the material in each chapter and encourage them to relate the material to broader issues in American history. Recommended Reading and Additional Bibliography. The works on the annotated Recommended Reading list at the end of each chapter have been selected with the interested introductory student in mind.   CLASSROOM ASSISTANCE PACKAGEIn classrooms across the country, many instructors encounter students who perceive history as merely a jumble of names, dates, and events. The key to bringing dimension to our dynamic past for students is a scholarship-laden, pedagogically rich text accompanied by a multimedia classroom assistance package that brings the 1600s through the 1990s alive. The package that accompanies Out of Many, Brief Edition, includes print and multimedia supplements that are designed to reinforce and enliven the richness of our past and inspire students with the excitement of studying the field of history.   PRINT SUPPLEMENTS  Instructor's Resource ManualThe Instructor's Resource Manual contains chapter outlines, detailed chapter overviews, activities, discussion questions, readings, and information on audio-visual resources that can be used in developing and preparing lecture presentations.   Test Item FileThe Test Item File offers more than 1,500 multiple-choice, true-false, and essay test questions. It also includes multiple choice and map questions from the study guide that can be used for quizzes.   Prentice Hall Custom TestThis commercial-quality computerized test management program, for Windows and Macintosh environments, allows users to create their own tests using items from the printed Test Item File. The program allows users to edit the items in the Test Item File and to add their own questions. Online testing is also available.   Transparency PackThis collection of over 160 full-color transparency acetates provides the maps, charts, and graphs from the text for use in classroom presentations.   Study Guide, Volumes I and IIThe Study Guides are designed according to an SQ3R (Survey-Question-Read-Recite-Review) methodology. Each chapter includes a brief overview, a list of chapter objectives, an extensive questioning technique applied to chapter topics, study skills exercises, identification of terms, multiple-choice, fill-in-the-blank, matching, short answer, and essay questions. In addition, each chapter includes two to three pages of map questions and exercises.   Documents Set, Volumes I and IIPrepared by John Mack Faragher, Yale University, and Daniel Czitrom, Mount Holyoke College.The authors have selected and carefully edited more than 300 documents that relate directly to the theme and content present in the text and organized them into five general categories: community, social history, government, culture, and politics. Each document includes a brief introduction as well as a number of questions to encourage critical analysis of the reading and to relate it to the content of the text. The documents are available for a nominal fee to the student with the purchase of the textbook.Retrieving the American Past:A Customized U.S. History ReaderWritten and developed by leading historians and educators, this reader is an on-demand history database that offers 59 compelling modules on topics in American History. Approximately 35 pages in length, each module includes an introduction, several primary source documents, secondary source documents, follow-up questions, and recommendations for further reading. By deciding which modules to include and the order in which they will appear, instructors can compile the reader they want to use. Instructor-originated material—other readings, exercises—can be included. Contact your local Prentice Hall Representative for more information about this exciting custom publishing option.   Understanding and Answering Essay QuestionsPrepared by Mary L. Kelley, San Antonio College.This brief guide suggests helpful study techniques as well as specific analytical tools for understanding different types of essay questions and provides precise guidelines for preparing well-crafted essay answers. This guide is available free to students upon adoption by the instructor.Reading Critically About History: A Guide toActive ReadingPrepared by Rose Wassman and Lee Ann Rinsky.This guide focuses on the skills needed to learn the essential information presented in college history textbooks. Material covered includes vocabulary skills, recognizing organizational patterns, critical thinking skills, understanding visual aids, and practice sections. This guide is available free to students upon adoption by the instructor.   Themes of the TimesThe New York Times and Prentice Hall are sponsoring Themes of the Times, a program designed to enhance student access to current information of relevance in the classroom. Through this program, the core subject matter provided in the text is supplemented by a collection of current articles from one of the world's most distinguished newspapers, The New York Times. These articles demonstrate the vital, ongoing connection between what is learned in the classroom and what is happening in the world around us. To enjoy the wealth of information of the The New York Times daily, a reduced subscription rate is available. For information call toll-free: (800) 631-1222.Prentice Hall and The New York Times are proud to cosponsor Themes of the Times. We hope it will make the reading of both textbooks and newspapers a more dynamic, involving process.   MULTIMEDIA SUPPLEMENTS   History on the Internet:A Critical Thinking GuideThis guide focuses on developing the critical thinking skills necessary to evaluate and use online sources. The guide also provides a brief introduction to navigating the Internet, along with complete references related specifically to the History discipline and how to use the Companion Website™ available for Out of Many, Brief Edition. This 96page supplementary book is free to students with the purchase of the textbook.Mapping American History: InteractiveExplorations CD ROMPrepared by Gerald Danzer, University of Illinois-Chicago.This unique multimedia resource provides over 150 interactive map activities and exercises organized by the chapters in the text. Designed to develop map reading, analysis, and literacy skills, the program also hells reinforce and review the content of each chapter. Available for Windows and Macintosh environments, the program uses audio, video, photographs, and illustrations to provide a complete multimedia experience. The software is available for a nominal fee with the purchase of the textbook.   Companion Website™Address: prenhall/faragherStudents can now take full advantage of the World Wide Web to enrich their study of American history through the Out of Many Companion Website™. Features of the website include, for each chapter in the text, objectives, study questions, map labeling exercises, related links, and document exercises. A faculty module provides material from the Instructor's Resource Manual and the maps and charts from the text in Powerpoint™ format.   Powerpoint™ Images CD ROMAvailable for Windows and Macintosh environments, this resource includes the maps, charts, graphs, and other illustrations from the text for use in Powerpoint" as well as over 200 color photographs. Organized by chapters in the text, this collection of images is useful for classroom presentations and lectures.--This text refers to thePaperbackedition.