We Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism- Ashamnu and Al Chet (Prayers of Awe)
Rabbi Tony Bayfield, CBE, DD (Lambeth), is president of the Movement for Reform Judaism in the United Kingdom. He teaches personal theology at the Leo Baeck College in London. He contributed toWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef, andAll These Vows—Kol Nidre (all Jewish Lights).Rabbi Will Berkovitzis the senior vice president of Repair the World, a national organization that seeks to make service a defining element of American Jewish life.Dr. Annette M. Boeckleris lecturer for liturgy at Leo Baeck College in London and manager of its library. She studied theology, Jewish studies, and Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Germany and Switzerland andchazzanutboth privately (with cantor Marcel Lang,z"l, and cantor Jeremy Burko) and at the Levisson Instituut in Amsterdam. She contributed toAll These Vows—Kol Nidre,May God Remember: Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Dr. Marc Zvi Brettleris the Dora Golding Professor of Biblical Studies at Brandeis University. He contributed to all volumes of the My People's Prayer Book: Traditional Prayers, Modern Commentaries series, winner of the National Jewish Book Award, and toMy People's Passover Haggadah: Traditional Texts, Modern Commentaries; Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef;All These Vows—Kol Nidre;May God Remember: Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor; andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights). He is coeditor ofThe Jewish Annotated New TestamentandThe Jewish Study Bible, which won the National Jewish Book Award; co-author ofThe Bible and the Believer; and author ofHow to Read the Jewish Bible, among other books and articles. He has also been interviewed on National Public Radio’sFresh Airby Terry Gross.Dr. Erica Brown, an inspiring writer and educator, is scholar-in-residence for the Jewish Federation of Greater Washington. She consults for the Jewish Agency and other Jewish non-profits, and is a faculty member of the Wexner Foundation. She is an Avi Chai Fellow, winner of the Ted Farber Professional Excellence Award, and the recipient of a Covenant Award for her work in education. She is author ofConfronting Scandal: How Jews Can Respond When Jews Do Bad Things; Inspired Jewish Leadership: Practical Approaches to Building Strong Communities, a finalist for the National Jewish Book Award, andSpiritual Boredom: Rediscovering the Wonder of Judaism; and co-author ofThe Case for Jewish Peoplehood: Can We Be One?(all Jewish Lights). She contributed toWe Have Sinned:Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef andAll These Vows—Kol Nidre (both Jewish Lights). She lectures widely on subjects of Jewish interest and leadership. She lives in Silver Spring, Maryland, with her husband and four children, and can be reached at www.EricaBrown.com.Rabbi Lawrence A. Englander, CM, DHL, has been rabbi of Solel Congregation of Mississauga, Ontario, since its inception in 1973. He is author ofThe Mystical Study of Ruth, former editor of theCCAR Journal, and a contributor toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor; andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (both Jewish Lights).Lisa Exleris a senior program officer in the education and community engagement department at American Jewish World Service (AJWS).Rabbi Elyse D. Frishmanis editor of Mishkan T'filah: A Reform Siddur and rabbi of The Barnert Temple in Franklin Lakes, New Jersey. She contributed toWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet, andWho by Fire, Who by Water—Un’taneh Tokef (Jewish Lights).Rabbi Shoshana Boyd Gelfandreceived her rabbinic ordination in 1993 at The Jewish Theological Seminary in New York. She has served as chief executive of the United Kingdom Movement for Reform Judaism and prior to that was vice president of the Wexner Heritage Foundation in New York. Currently she is director of JHub, an operating program of the London-based Pears Foundation. She contributed toAll These Vows—Kol Nidre,May God Remember: Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (both Jewish Lights).Rabbi Edwin Goldberg, DHL, noted lecturer, is coordinator of the Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR) editorial committee on the forthcoming High Holy Days prayer book. He is the incoming senior rabbi at Temple Sholom in Chicago and the former spiritual leader at Temple Judea in Coral Gables, Florida. He has a doctorate in Hebrew literature from Hebrew Union College. He is author ofSaying No and Letting Go: Jewish Wisdom on Making Room for What Matters Most(Jewish Lights). He contributed toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (Jewish Lights).Rabbi Edwin Goldberg, DHL, is available to speak on the following topics:Can Swords Become Plowshares? Jewish Views on War and PeaceShort, Short Stories from the Talmud and How They Can Change Our LivesMindfulness and the Rebbes: Why Liberal Jews Should Learn about ChasidismA Brief but Vital History of Modern IsraelSaying No and Letting Go: Jewish Wisdom and Texts on Doing Much More with LessClick here to contact the author.Rabbi Andrew Goldstein, PhD, is the rabbinic advisor to the European Union for Progressive Judaism and coeditor ofMachzor Ruach Chadashah. He contributed toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Dr. Joel M. Hoffmanlectures around the globe on popular and scholarly topics spanning history, Hebrew, prayer, and Jewish continuity. He has served on the faculties of Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, and Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion in New York. He is author ofAnd God Said: How Translations Conceal the Bible's Original MeaningandIn the Beginning: A Short History of the Hebrew Language, and has written for the internationalJerusalem Post. He contributed to all ten volumes of the My People's Prayer Book: Traditional Prayers, Modern Commentaries series, winner of the National Jewish Book Award; toMy People’s Passover Haggadah: Traditional Texts, Modern Commentaries; and toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un’taneh Tokef andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Rabbi Lawrence A. Hoffman,PhD, has served for more than three decades as professor of liturgy at Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion in New York. He is a world-renowned liturgist and holder of the Stephen and Barbara Friedman Chair in Liturgy, Worship and Ritual. His work combines research in Jewish ritual, worship and spirituality with a passion for the spiritual renewal of contemporary Judaism.He has written and edited many books, includingAll the World: Universalism, Particularism and the High Holy Days; May God Remember: Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor, We Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef andAll These Vows—Kol Nidre, the first five volumes in the Prayers of Awe series; the My People's Prayer Book: Traditional Prayers, Modern Commentaries series, winner of the National Jewish Book Award; and he is coeditor ofMy People's Passover Haggadah: Traditional Texts, Modern Commentaries(all Jewish Lights), a finalist for the National Jewish Book Award.Rabbi Hoffman is a developer of Synagogue 3000, a transdenominational project designed to envision and implement the ideal synagogue of the spirit for the twenty-first century.Rabbi LawrenceA. Hoffman, PhD, is available to speak on the following topics:A Day of Wine and Moses: The Passover Haggadah and the Seder You Have Always WantedPreparing for the High Holy Days: How to Appreciate the Liturgy of Rosh Hashanah and Yom KippurThe Essence of Jewish Prayer: The Prayer Book in Context and Worship in Our TimeBeyond Ethnicity: The Coming Project for North American Jewish IdentitySynagogue Change: Transforming Synagogues as Spiritual and Moral Centers for the Twenty-First CenturyClick here to contact the author.Rabbi Walter Homolka, PhD, DHL, is rector of the Abraham Geiger College for the training of rabbis, executive director of the Zacharias Frankel College, and a professor of Jewish studies at Universityof Potsdam in Germany. He is author of many books, includingThe Gate to Perfection: The Idea of Peace in Jewish Thought, coauthor ofHow to Do Good & Avoid Evil: A Global Ethic from the Sources of Judaism(SkyLight Paths), and a contributor toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (both Jewish Lights).Rabbi Delphine Horvilleuris the rabbi of congregation MJLF (Mouvement Juif Libéral de France) in Paris. She was ordained at Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion in New York in 2008 and is one of two women rabbis in France. She is the creative director of Le Café Biblique, a pluralistic group of Jewish study, and chief editor ofTenou'a(www.tenoua.com), a French magazine of Jewish thought. She contributed toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor, Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights). She is author ofEn Tenue d ’Eve(Grasset), a renewed understanding of modesty and women’s bodies in Jewish thought.Rabbi Elie Kaunfer, named one of the top fifty Jewish leaders byThe Forward, and one ofNewsweek's top fifty rabbis, is co-founder and executive director of Mechon Hadar (www.mechonhadar.org), an institute that empowers Jews to build vibrant Jewish communities. Mechon Hadar has launched the first full-time egalitarian yeshiva program in North America, Yeshivat Hadar (www.yeshivathadar.org), where Rabbi Kaunfer teaches Talmud. A Dorot Fellow and Wexner Graduate Fellow, Rabbi Kaunfer co-founded Kehilat Hadar (www.kehilathadar.org), an independent minyan in Manhattan committed to spirited traditional prayer, study and social action. He was selected as an inaugural Avi Chai Fellow, known as "The Jewish Genius Award."Dr. Reuven Kimelmanis professor of classical Judaica at Brandeis University. He is the author ofThe Mystical Meaning of Lekha Dodiand Kabbalat Shabbat and of the audio booksThe Moral Meaning of the BibleandThe Hidden Poetry of the Jewish Prayerbook. He contributed toWho by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Rabbi Lawrence Kushneris one of the most widely read authors by people of all faiths on Jewish spiritual life. He is the best-selling author of such books asInvisible Lines of Connection: Sacred Stories of the Ordinary; God Was in This Place & I, i Did Not Know: Finding Self, Spirituality and Ultimate Meaning; Honey from the Rock: An Introduction to Jewish Mysticism;The Book of Letters: A Mystical Hebrew Alphabet;The Book of Miracles: A Young Person's Guide to Jewish Spiritual Awareness;The Book of Words: Talking Spiritual Life, Living Spiritual Talk;Eyes Remade for Wonder: A Lawrence Kushner Reader;I'm God, You're Not: Observations on Organized Religion and other Disguises of the Ego;Jewish Spirituality: A Brief Introduction for Christians;The River of Light: Jewish Mystical Awareness;The Way Into Jewish Mystical Tradition; and co-author ofBecause Nothing Looks Like God;How Does God Make Things Happen?;Where Is God?;What Does God Look Like?; andIn God's Hands.He is the Emanu-El Scholar at San Francisco's Congregation Emanu-El and an adjunct professor of Jewish mysticism and spirituality at Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion.Rabbi Lawrence Kushner is available to speak on the following topics:• Jewish Mystical Imagination• Rymanover's Silent Aleph: What Really Happened on Sinai• Zohar on Romance and Revelation• What Makes Kabbalah Kabbalah• Sacred Stories of the Ordinary: When God Makes a Surprise Appearance in Everyday LifeClick here to contact the author.Rabbi Noa Kushneris founding rabbi of The Kitchen. One part indie-Shabbat community, one part San Francisco experiment, and one part tool kit for DIY Jewish practice. The Kitchen is building a connected, spiritually alive Jewish generation and a new resonance approach to religious life. She contributed toWho by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef, All These Vows—Kol Nidre andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Rabbi Daniel Landesis the director androsh hayeshivahof the Pardes Institute of Jewish Studies in Jerusalem. Pardes brings together men and women of all backgrounds to study classical Jewish texts and contemporary Jewish issues in a rigorous, challenging and open-minded environment.Rabbi Landes is also a contributor to the My People's Prayer Book: Traditional Prayers, Modern Commentaries series, winner of the National Jewish Book Award andMy People's Passover Haggadah: Traditional Texts,Modern Commentaries,a finalist for the National Jewish Book Award; Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un’taneh Tokef;We Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet and All These Vows—Kol Nidre (all Jewish Lights).Rabbi Ruth Langer, PhD, is professor of Jewish studies in the Theology Department at Boston College, where she also serves as associate director of its Center for Christian-Jewish Learning. She received her PhD in Jewish liturgy and her rabbinic ordination from Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion. She contributed toWho by Fire, Who by Water— Un'taneh Tokef andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—Ashamnu and Al Chet (both Jewish Lights).Catherine Madsenis the author ofThe Bones Reassemble: Reconstituting Liturgical Speech; In Medias Res: Liturgy for the Estranged; and a novel,A Portable Egypt.She is librettist for Robert Stern's oratorio "Shofar" (on the CD Awakenings, Navona Records NV5878), and bibliographer at the Yiddish Book Center. She contributed toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Rabbi Jonathan Magonet, PhD, is emeritus professor of Bible at Leo Baeck College in London, where he was principal (president) from 1985 to 2005. He is coeditor of three volumes ofForms of Prayer(the prayer books of the British Movement for Reform Judaism) and editor of the eighth edition ofDaily, Sabbath and Occasional Prayers.He contributed toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Rabbi Dalia Marx, PhD, is a professor of liturgy and midrash at the Jerusalem campus of Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion and teaches in various academic institutions in Israel, and Europe. Rabbi Marx earned her doctorate at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and her rabbinic ordination at HUC–JIR in Jerusalem and Cincinnati. She is involved in various research groups and is active in promoting progressive Judaism in Israel. Rabbi Marx contributed toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights). She writes for academic journals and the Israeli press, and is engaged in creating new liturgies and midrashim.Ruth W. Messingeris the president of American Jewish World Service. She contributed toWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—Ashamnu and Al Chet,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef andAll These Vows—Kol Nidre (both Jewish Lights).Rabbi Charles H. Middleburgh, PhD, is rabbi of the Cardiff Reform Synagogue and director of Jewish studies at Leo Baeck College in London, where he has taught since 1984; and coeditor with Rabbi Andrew Goldstein, PhD, of the Liberal JudaismMachzor Ruach Chadashah. He contributed toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Rabbi Jay Henry Mosesis director of the Wexner Heritage Program at The Wexner Foundation. Previously, he served for five years as associate rabbi at Temple Sholom of Chicago. Rabbi Moses has taught at Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion, the Jewish Community Center in Manhattan and its Makom: Center for Mindfulness, and in many other adult education settings. He contributed toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (Jewish Lights).Rabbi Aaron D. Panken, PhD, teaches Rabbinic and Second Temple literature at Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion in New York. He is author ofThe Rhetoric of Innovation(University Press of America), and contributed toMay God Remember: Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Rabbi Jeffrey K. Salkinis recognized as one of the most thoughtful Jewish writers and teachers of his generation. He has helped people of all ages find spiritual meaning in both the great and small moments in life.A noted author whose work has appeared in many publications, including theWall Street Journal, Reader's Digest, and theCongressional Record, Rabbi Salkin is editor ofThe Modern Men's Torah Commentary: New Insights from Jewish Men on the 54 Weekly Torah Portions; and author ofBeing God's Partner: How to Find the Hidden Link Between Spirituality and Your Work, with an introduction by Norman Lear; the bestsellerPutting God on the Guest List: How to Reclaim the Spiritual Meaning of Your Child's Bar or Bat Mitzvah; For Kids—Putting God on Your Guest List: How to Claim the Spiritual Meaning of Your Bar or Bat Mitzvah; andRighteous Gentiles in the Hebrew Bible: Ancient Role Models for Sacred Relationships(all Jewish Lights), among other books.  Rabbi Jeffrey K. Salkinis available to speak on the following topics:• Is God on Your Guest List?• Where Are the Men?• While You Were Out, God Called• The Secret War Against Israel (or, Why John Lennon Was Wrong)• Outside the Red TentRabbi Marc Saperstein, PhD, formerly principal of Leo Baeck College, currently serves as professor of Jewish history and homiletics at Leo Baeck College and as professor of Jewish studies at King's College London. Previously he taught for twenty-nine years at three leading American universities. He has published four books on the sermon as source for Jewish history and culture, and contributed toWho by Fire, Who by Water—Un’taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Rabbi Jonathan P. Slater, DMin, was ordained at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America and has a doctor of ministry degree from the Pacific School of Religion. He is the author ofMindful Jewish Living:Compassionate Practiceand codirector of programs at the Institute for Jewish Spirituality, as well as an instructor in meditation at the JCC in Manhattan and other venues. He contributed toWho by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef, We Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—Ashamnu and Al ChetandAll These Vows—Kol Nidre(both Jewish Lights).Rabbi David A. Teutsch, PhD, is the Wiener Professor of Contemporary Jewish Civilization and director of the Center for Jewish Ethics at the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College, where he served as president for nearly a decade. He was editor in chief of the seven-volumeKol Haneshamahprayer book series. His bookA Guide to Jewish Practice: Everyday Living(RRC Press) won the National Jewish Book Award for Contemporary Jewish Life and Practice. He is also author ofSpiritual Community: The Power to Restore Hope, Commitment and Joy(Jewish Lights) and several other books. He contributed toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Dr. Ellen M. Umanskyis the Carl and Dorothy Bennett Professor of Judaic Studies at Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut. She is currently working on a book focusing on Judaism, liberalism, feminism, and God. She contributed toWho by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef, We Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—Ashamnu and Al ChetandAll These Vows—Kol Nidre(both Jewish Lights).Rabbi Margaret Moers Wenig, DD, teaches liturgy and homiletics at Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion in New York and is rabbi emerita of Beth Am, The People's Temple. She contributed toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Dr. Ron Wolfson, visionary educator and inspirational speaker, is Fingerhut Professor of Education at American Jewish University in Los Angeles and a cofounder of Synagogue 3000. He is author ofRelational Judaism: Using the Power of Relationships to Transform the Jewish Community; The Seven Questions You're Asked in Heaven: Reviewing and Renewing Your Life on Earth; Be Like God: God's To-Do List for Kids; God's To-Do List: 103 Ways to Be an Angel and Do God's Work on Earth; Hanukkah, PassoverandShabbat,all Federation of Jewish Men's Clubs Art of Jewish Living family guides to spiritual celebrations;The Spirituality of Welcoming: How to Transform Your Congregation into a Sacred Community;A Time to Mourn, a Time to Comfort: A Guide to Jewish Bereavement and Comfort;and, with Rabbi Lawrence A. Hoffman,What You Will See Inside a Synagogue(all Jewish Lights), a book for children ages 6 and up. He contributed toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor, Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Dr. Ron Wolfson is available to speak on the following topics:Building Good Tents: Envisioning the Synagogue of the FutureGod's To-Do ListThe Seven Questions You're Asked in HeavenBlessings and Kisses: The Power of the Jewish FamilyA Time to Mourn, a Time to ComfortClick here to contact the author.Dr. Wendy Zierleris professor of modern Jewish literature and feminist studies at Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion, New York. She is translator and coeditor with Rabbi Carole Balin ofTo Tread on New Ground: The Selected Writings of Hava Shapiro(forthcoming) and aBehikansi atah(Shapiro's collected writings, in the original/Hebrew). She is also author ofAnd Rachel Stole the Idolsandthe feminist Haggadah commentaryfeatured inMy People's Passover Haggadah: Traditional Texts, Modern Commentaries(Jewish Lights), a finalist for the National Jewish Book Award. She contributed toMay God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un’taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).Rabbi Daniel G. Zemelis the senior rabbi of Temple Micah in Washington, D.C. He contributed toJewish Men Pray:Words of Yearning, Praise, Petition, Gratitude and Wonder from Traditional and Contemporary Sources,May God Remember:Memory and Memorializing in Judaism—Yizkor,Who by Fire, Who by Water—Un'taneh Tokef,All These Vows—Kol Nidre, andWe Have Sinned: Sin and Confession in Judaism—AshamnuandAl Chet (all Jewish Lights).