Reason at Work: Introductory Readings in Philosophy
Introduction. The Elements of Argument. Part I: Ethics. Joel Feinberg, Psychological Egoism. James Rachels, The Challenge of Cultural Relativism. J.L. Mackie, The Subjectivity of Values. John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism. Norman E. Bowie and Robert L. Simon, Some Problems with Utilitarianism. Immanuel Kant, Morality and Rationality. Thomas Nagel, Moral Luck. W.D. Ross, What Makes Right Acts Right. Aristotle, The Nature of Moral Virtue. G.E.M. Anscombe, Modern Moral Philosophy. James Rachel, The Ethics of Virtue. Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence and Morality. Judith Jarvis Thomson, A Defense of Abortion. Part II: Social and Political Philosophy. Plato, What Do We Owe Our Country? Martin Luther King, Jr., Letter from the Birmingham City Jail. Thomas Hobbes, Authority and Security. John Locke, Limited Government as Defender of Property. James Madison, The Federalist, No. X. John Stuart Mill, On Liberty. David Lyons, Human Rights and the General Welfare. Joel Feinberg, The Nature and Value of Rights. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice. Robert Nozick, Distributive Justice. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Communism. Michael Walzer, In Defense of Equality. Part III: Theory of Knowledge. Plato, Knowledge as Justified Belief. Descartes, Certain Knowledge. John Locke, Empiricism. David Hume, The Problem of Induction. Nelson Goodman, The New Riddle of Induction. Lawrence Bonjour, Foundationalism. W.V.O. Quine, The Interdependence of Beliefs. Lawrence Bonjour, The Coherence Theory. Edmund L. Gettier, Is Justified True Belief Knowledge. Robert Audi, Knowledge, Justification and Truth. Thomas S. Kuhn, Objectivity, Value Judgments, and Theory Choice. Philip Kitcher, Believing Where We Cannot Prove. Part IV: Metaphysics. John Locke, Real and Nominal Essence. Irving Copi, Essence and Accident. Saul Kripke, Metaphysical Necessity. John Locke, Personal Identity. Thomas Reid, Of Identity and Mr. Locke. Bernard Williams, The Self and the Future. Derek Parfit, Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons. Kathleen V. Wilkes, Fugues, Hypnosis and Multiple Personality. B.F. Skinner, Hard Determinism. G.E.Moore, Free Will. Roderick Chisholm, Human Freedom and the Self. Harry Frankfurt, Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person. Part V: Philosophy of Religion. Saint Anslem and Gaunilo, The Ontological Argument. Saint Thomas Aquinas, Five Proofs for the Existence of God. David Hume, The Teleological Argument. Ernest Nagel, A Defense of Atheism. Richard Swinburne, The Problem of Evil. Steven M. Cahn, The Problem of Goodness. Anthony Flew, R.M. Hare, Basil Mitchell, Theology and Falsification. Nelson Pike, Divine Omniscience and Voluntary Action. John Hick, The New Map of the Universe of Faiths. Part VI: Philosophy of Mind. Rene Descartes, Dualism. Gilbert Ryle, Descartes' Myth. Daniel Dennett, Carlesian Materialism. B.F. Skinner, Behaviorism. Daniel Dennett, Skinner Skinned. Jerry A. Fodor, The Mind-Body Problem. Paul M. Churchland, Eliminative Materialism. A.M. Turnig, Can Machines Think? John Searle, Is the Brain's Mind a Computer Program? Paul M. Churchland and Patricia S. Churchland, Could a Machine Think?