Corrections in the 21st Century
Frank Schmalleger, PhD, is Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke. He also serves as director of the Justice Research Association, a private consulting firm and think tank, based in Palm Beach, Florida, focusing on issues of crime and justice.Dr. Schmalleger holds a bachelor’s degree from the University of Notre Dame and both a master’s and a doctorate in sociology from Ohio State University with a special emphasis in criminology. From 1976 to 1994, he taught criminal justice courses at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke, serving for many years as a tenured full professor. For the last 16 of those years, he chaired the Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Criminal Justice. As an adjunct professor with Webster University in St. Louis, Missouri, Dr. Schmalleger helped develop a graduate program in security management and loss prevention that is currently offered on U.S. military bases around the world. He taught courses in that curriculum for more than a decade, focusing primarily on computer and information security. Dr. Schmalleger also has taught in the New School for Social Research online graduate program, helping build the world’s first electronic classrooms for criminal justice distance learning.Dr. Schmalleger is the author of numerous articles and many books, including Criminal Justice Today (Prentice Hall, 2011), Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction (Prentice Hall, 2010), Criminology Today (Prentice Hall, 2009), and Criminal Law Today (Prentice Hall, 2011). He is founding editor of the journal Criminal Justice Studies (formerly The Justice Professional ) and has served as imprint advisor for Greenwood Publishing Group’s criminal justice reference series. Dr. Schmalleger is also the creator of a number of awardwinning Web sites (including cybrary.info and crimenews .info) and founder and codirector of the Criminal Justice Distance Learning Consortium, a project of the Justice Research Association.John Ortiz Smykla, PhD, is professor and chair of the Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies at the University of West Florida. Previously, he was professor of criminal justice at the University of Alabama, where he served as department chair for 10 years, and at the University of South Alabama, where he served as department chair for 3 years.Dr. Smykla teaches courses in corrections and research methods. He teaches online, face-to-face, and using a blended format at the University of West Florida. He has taught twoway interactive corrections courses across several campuses of the University of Alabama system and has supervised more than 50 master’s and doctoral students. Dr. Smykla earned the interdisciplinary social science PhD in criminal justice, sociology, and anthropology from Michigan State University. He holds bachelor’s and master’s degrees in sociology from California State University at Northridge.Dr. Smykla has authored or edited four corrections books. His coauthored data set Executions in the United States, 1608–2003: The Espy File is one of the most frequently requested criminal justice data files from the University of Michigan’s Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research.Dr. Smykla has published more than 40 research articles on corrections issues, including “The Human Impact of Capital Punishment,” “Effects of a Prison Facility on the Regional Economy,” “Jail Type and Inmate Behavior,” “Juvenile Drug Courts,” and, most recently, “Correctional Privatization and the Myth of Inherent Efficiency.” Dr. Smykla has delivered more than 50 conference papers in the United States and abroad. In 1986, he was a Senior Fulbright Scholar in Argentina and Uruguay.Dr. Smykla is a member of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences and the Southern Criminal Justice Association. In 1996, the Southern Criminal Justice Association named him Educator of the Year. In 1997, he served as program chair for the annual meeting of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. In 2000, he served as president of the Southern Criminal Justice Association. Dr. Smykla is a member of the Mobile County Metro Jail Planning Committee and a member of Friends of the Holman Prison Faith- Based Restorative Justice Honor Dorm, Atmore, Alabama.