Analog and Digital Signal Processing
LIST OF TABLES / PREFACE / FROM THE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION 1. OVERVIEW Introduction / Signals / Systems / The Frequency Domain / From Concept to Application 2. ANALOG SIGNALS Scope and Objectives / Signals / Operations on Signals / Signal Symmetry / Harmonic Signals and Sinusoids / Signal Symmetry / Harmonic Signals and Sinusoids / Commonly Encountered Signals / The Impulse Function / The Doublet / Moments / Problems 3. DISCRETE SIGNALS Scope and Objectives / Discrete Signals / Operations on Discrete Signals / Decimation and Interpolation / Common Discrete Signals / Discrete-Time Harmonics and Sinusoids / Aliasing and the Sampling Theorem / Random Signals / Problems 4. ANALOG SYSTEMS Scope and Objectives / Introduction / System Classification / Analysis of LTI Systems / LTI Systems Described by Differential Equations / The Impulse Response of LTI Systems / System Stability / Application-Oriented Examples / Problems 5. DISCRETE-TIME SYSTEMS Scope and Objectives / Discrete-Time Operators / System Classification / Digital Filters / Digital Filters Described by Difference Equations / Impulse Response of Digital Filters / Stability of Discrete-Time LTI Systems / Connections: System Representation in Various Forms / Application-Oriented Examples / Problems 6. CONTINUOUS CONVOLUTION Scope and Objectives / Introduction / Convolution of Some Common Signals / Some Properties of Convolution / Convolution by Ranges (Graphical Convolution) / Stability and Causality / The Response to Periodic Inputs / Periodic Convolution / Connections: Convolution and Transform Methods / Convolution Properties Based on Moments / Correlations / Problems 7. DISCRETE CONVOLUTION Scope and Objectives / Discrete Convolution / Convolution Properties / Convolution of Finite Sequences / Stability and Causality of LTI Systems / System Response to Periodic Inputs / Periodic Convolution / Connections: Discrete Convolution and Transform Methods / Deconvolution / Discrete Correlation / Problems 8. FOURIER SERIES Scope and Objectives / Fourier Series: A First Look / Simplifications Through Signal Symmetry / Parseval's Relation and the Power in Periodic Signals / The Spectrum of Periodic Signals / Properties of Fourier Series / Signal Reconstruction and the Gibbs Effect / System Response to Periodic Inputs / Application-Oriented Examples / The Dirichlet Kernel and the Gibbs Effect / The Fourier Series, Orthogonality, and Least Squares / Existence, Convergence, and Uniqueness / A Historical Perspective / Problems 9. THE FOURIER TRANSFORM Scope and Objectives / Introduction / Fourier Transform Pairs and Properties / System Analysis Using the Fourier Transform / Frequency Response of Filters / Energy and Power Spectral Density / Time-Bandwidth Measures / Problems 10. MODULATION Scope and Objectives / Amplitude Modulation / Single-Sideband AM / Angle Modulation / Wideband Angle Modulation / Demodulation of FM Signals / The Hilbert Transform / Problems 11. THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM Scope and Objectives / The Laplace Transform / Properties of the Laplace Transform / Poles and Zeros of the Transfer Function / The Inverse Laplace Transform / The s-plane and BIBO Stability / The Laplace Transform and System Analysis / Connections / Problems 12. APPLICATIONS OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM Scope and Objectives / Frequency Response / Minimum-Phase Filters / Bode Plots / Performance Measures / Feedback / Application of Feedback: The Phase-Locked Loop Problems 13. ANALOG FILTERS Scope and Objectives / Introduction / The Design Process / The Butterworth Filter / The Chebyshev Approximation / The Inverse Chebyshev Approximation / The Elliptic Approximation / The Bessel Approximation / Problems 14. SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION Scope and Objectives / Ideal Sampling / Sampling, Interpolation, and Signal Recovery / Quantization / Digital Processing of Analog Signals / Compact Disc Digital Audio / Dynamic Range Processors / Problems 15. THE DISCRETE-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM Scope and Objectives / The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform / Connections: The DTFT and the Fourier Transform / Properties of the DTFT / The Transfer Functions / System Analysis Using the DTFT / Connections / Ideal Filters / Some Traditional and Non-traditional Filters / Frequency Response of Discrete Algorithms / Oversampling and Sampling Rate Conversion / Problems 16. THE DFT AND FFT Scope and Objectives / Introduction / Properties of the DFT / Connections / Approximating the DTFT by the DFT / The DFT of Periodic Signals / Spectral Smoothing by Time Windows / Applications in Signal Processing / Spectrum Estimation / Matrix Formulation of the DFT and IDFT / The FFT / Why Equal Lengths for the DFT and IDFT? / Problems 17. THE Z-TRANSFORM Scope and Objectives / The Two-Sided z-Transform / Properties of the z-Transform / Poles, Zeros, and the z-Plane / The Transfer Function / The Inverse z-Transform / The One-Sided z-Transform / The z-Transform and System Analysis / Frequency Response / Connections / Problems 18. APPLICATIONS OF THE Z-TRANSFORM Scope and Objectives / Transfer Function Realization / Interconnected Systems / Minimum-Phase Systems / The Frequency Response: A Graphical Interpretation / Application-Oriented Examples / Allpass Filters / Application-Oriented Examples: Digital Audio Effects / Problems 19. IIR DIGITAL FILTERS Scope and Objectives / Introduction / IIR Filter Design / Response and Matching / The Matched z-Transform for Factored Forms / Mappings from Discrete Algorithms / The Bilinear Transformation / Spectral Transformations for IIR Filters / Design Recipe for IIR Filters / Problems 20. FIR DIGITAL FILTERS Scope and Objectives / Symmetric Sequences and Linear Phase / Window-Based Design / Half-Band FIR Filters / FIR Filter Design by Frequency Sampling / Design of Optimal Linear-Phase FIR Filters / Application: Multistage Interpolation and Decimation / Maximally Flat FIR Filters / FIR Differentiators and Hilbert Transformers / Least Squares and Adaptive Signal Processing / Problems 21. MATLAB(R) EXAMPLES Introduction / ADSP Toolbox and Its Installation / MATLAB Tips and Pointers / Graphical User Interface Programs / The ADSP Toolbox / Examples of MATLAB Code / REFERENCES / INDEX