The Human Body in Health and Disease
PrefaceThe Human Body in Health and Disease is an invitation to discover more about yourself and how your body works, both when it is healthy and when it is suffering from disease. It is intended for anyone interested in gaining a basic understanding of the human body, and seeing how that information can be used to diagnose and treat various diseases. You don't need a background in biology or science to follow the concepts presented here. We've designed this book to make it easy for you to build a foundation of basic knowledge (What structure is that? How does it work? What happens if it doesn't work?). We've also organized the material to provide a framework for understanding related information obtained outside of the classroom.There are three general themes in The Human Body in Health and Disease. The first is that the human body functions as an integrated and coordinated unit. Coordination exists at all levels, from single cells, the smallest living units in the body, to organs like the brain, heart, and lungs. The second theme, which is closely related to the first, is that the components of the body work together to maintain a stable internal environment. These two themes are introduced in Chapter 1 and reinforced in all subsequent chapters. The third theme is that diseases fall into a relatively limited number of categories. Those general categories remain valid no matter which body system is considered. For example, diseases resulting from infection or tumors may affect any system. An awareness of these common patterns will help you organize new information and make it possible for you to make predictions about the cause, effects, and treatment of specific diseases. This third theme is introduced in the chapter on human diseases (Chapter 6) and it forms the organizing principle behind the Disorders sections in Chapters 7-22.GENERAL FEATURES OF THIS 1300KNo two people use books the same way, and everyone has a different learning style. We have organized each chapter to help you learn the important material, whatever your particular learning style. The three key features are (1) an emphasis on concepts and concept organization, (2) clearly organized and integrated illustrations, and (3) extensive review materials and self-tests.AN EMPHASIS ON CONCEPTSLearning Objectives: Each chapter begins with a short list of learning objectives. These objectives focus attention on the key concepts presented in the chapter text.System Brief. Each of the chapters that deals with a major body system begins with an overview of that system's functions. After this quick summary of what the system does, we spend the rest of the chapter discussing the hows and the whys.The Use of Analogies: Whenever possible, the basic functions of the human body are related to familiar physical principles or events in everyday life. This helps to create a mental picture that makes it easier to follow abstract concepts.Clinical Notes: Most chapters include at least one boxed clinical note. These boxes, found near the relevant narrative, provide useful insights into the relevance or application of important concepts.Discussions of the Effects of Aging on Body Systems: These discussions summarize the structural and functional changes associated with aging and relate them to normal anatomy and physiology. An understanding of the aging process is becoming increasingly important because the proportion of the population over age 65 is increasing dramatically.Disorders of Each Body System: These discussions begin with an overview of the signs and symptoms of the diseases for that body system followed by information about diagnostic procedures. Concept maps organize the diseases according to their underlying causes. The diseases for each body system may change, but these recurring causes of disease will help you understand the underlying links between diseases, no matter which body system you're studying.An Emphasis on Vocabulary Development: Important terms are highlighted in the page margins near their first appearance in the narrative. The word roots are shown, and once you are familiar with them you will be able to understand the meaning of most new terms before you find their formal definitions.Concept Checkpoints: A few questions are placed near the end of each major section in a chapter. These questions are a quick way to check your reading comprehension. The answers are located at the end of the chapter; if you find you've made an error, you can reread the appropriate section before continuing through the chapter.Cross-referencing: A concept link icon and page reference will be found wherever the development of a new concept builds on material presented earlier in the text.Thumb-tabs: Color-coded thumb-tabs are associated with icons representing specific systems. This combination makes it easy for you to find a particular section within the book.INTEGRATED AND COMPREHENSIVE ILLUSTRATIONSOne View, One Vision: The art program and the text evolved together, and the layout helps you correlate the information provided by the text and the illustrations. All of the illustrations were done by the same two illustrators, so the color usage and presentation style is consistent throughout the book.Integrating Structural Relationships at All Levels: You are most familiar (and probably most comfortable) when dealing with individuals, organ systems, or organs—things that can easily be seen. You are probably much less comfortable when dealing with events at the molecular or cellular level. The Human Body in Health and Disease includes keystone figures that bridge the gap between the immediate, large-scale world and the unfamiliar microscopic world of cells and tissues.Figure Dots: Each figure callout in the text is followed by a red dot that refers the reader to the red dot that precedes the figure captions. The dot in the text provides a convenient placemark for the reader, making it easy to return to the narrative after studying the figure.EXTENSIVE CHAPTER REVIEW MATERIALEach chapter ends with an extensive Chapter Review that will help you study, ply, and integrate new material into the general framework of the course. Each chapter Review contains the following elements:Key Words and Selected Clinical Terms: The most important key terms or words in the chapter are listed in this section, along with their definitions.Study Outline: The Study Outline reviews the major concepts and topics in their order of presentation in the text. Relevant page numbers are indicated for major headings, and related key terms are boldfaced. For ease of reference, the related figure and table numbers are indicated as appropriate.Review Questions: The basic review questions are intended to test the understanding and recall of basic concepts and related terminology The Short Essay questions encourages you to combine and relate the basic concepts of the chapter and to promote critical thinking skills. The Applications questions require you to synthesize and apply concepts to real-world problems.OTHER USEFUL FEATURESThe appendices contain material that most students and instructors will use at some time in the course.Appendix I reviews the systems of weights and measures used in the text. You should review this material while reading Chapter 1, because this will prevent confusion and distress later in the text.Appendix II contains a list of foreign word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms.Glossary/lndex: The glossary provides pronunciations and definitions of important terms.ANCULLARIESThe ancillary package has been carefully crafted and integrated with the textbook to meet the needs of the instructor and the student.For The InstructorInstructor's Manual and Test Item File (by Steven Bassett, Southeast Community College). Complete with teaching strategies that are linked to the chapter opening learning objectives, this unique ancillary also contains answers for the textbook's end-ofchapter questions. To simplify the task of developing lectures, this ancillary also includes a topic outline for each chapter. Presented in an easy-to-read grid format, the outline relates key vocabulary terms, illustrations, and transparency acetates to each topic from the text. The test item file includes over 2,000 questions. It is filled with multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank questions that are linked to the textbook's learning objectives, as well as questions that will challenge students to synthesize two or more objectives. (0-13-017265-0)Prentice Hall Custom Test. Offering complete question editing capabilities, this electronic version of the Test Item File can be launched from either Windows or a Macintosh platform. (Windows: 0-13-018895-6, Macintosh: 0-13018896-4)Transparency Acetates. This set of over 200 full-color transparencies includes key illustrations from the textbook. To simplify their integration into lectures, each transparency has been linked to its topic in the Instructor's Manual's topic outline. (0-130