Graphic Arts Problem Solving
Preface. Acknowledgments. PART ONE SKILL BUILDERS: Pretest. ADDITION: Introduction. A New Way To Add. Long-List Addition. Checking Addition. Casting Out Nines. SUBTRACTION: Addition Done Backwards. Simplifying Subtraction. Checking Subtraction. MULTIPLICATION: Multiplication table Patterns. The Peasant's Multiplication Method. Numbers that End in Five multiplied by Themselves. Another Multiplication Technique. Multiplying by Eleven. Multiplying Near One Hundred. Zeros in Multiplication. Simplifying Multiplication Problems. Checking Multiplication. DIVISION: Reverse Multiplication. Peasant's Division Method. Making the Hard Problems Simple. Canceling Zeros. "Nearly Right," or Rounding Your Answers. Predicting Remainders. DECIMALS AND PERCENTAGES: Decimal-The Basics. Adding and Subtracting Decimals. Multiplying Decimals. Dividing Decimals. Percentages. The 24-Hour Clock and the Decimal Clock. B ASIC FRACTIONS: Fractions! What Are They? The Inch Ruler. Testing the Equality of Fractions. Simplifying Fractions. Fractions that Are "Not Proper." Adding and Subtracting Fractions. Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers. MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF FRACTIONS: Multiplying Fractions. Multiplying Whole and Mixed numbers by Fractions. Converting and Reducing Fractions. Dividing Fractions. Canceling to Simplify Fractional Problems. Avoiding Confusion in Dividing Fractions. PART TWO PROBLEM SOLVING: MEASUREMENT USED IN PRINTING: Customary Measurement. International Measurement. SI Area Measurement. Points and Picas. Adding and Subtracting Points & Picas. Ems, Ens, & Thins. Triangulation. Temperature. DESIGN AND COPY PREPARATION. Ratios. Proportions. Scaling with the Calculator. Scaling with the Proportion Wheel. Cropping. Other Uses for Proportions. DESKTOP PUBLISHING: Type Parameters. Eight Easy Steps to Copyfitting. Costing Desktop Publishing. P ROCESS PHOTOGRAPHY: Exposure Controls. The Two Types of Copy. Establishing the Correct Exposure. The Light Integrator. The camera Operator's Sensitivity Guide. IMAGE ASSEMBLY: Stripping Screens & Halftones. Dot Percentage. Screen Ruling. Screen Angle. PRESSROOM: The Offset Principle. The pH Scale. Conductivity. Densitometry. Micrometer. BINDERY & FINISHING: The Signature Dummy. Folding. Making a Dummy in Six Simple Steps. Checking for Correct Pagination. Imposition. Planning for Color. PRINTING MANAGEMENT: The Importance of Record Keeping. Averages. Graphics & Charts. How Charts Can Confuse & Distort the Facts. Interest. How to Make Money with Other People's Money (O.P.M.). Return on Investment. Discounts. Your Paycheck, benefits, Taxes, & Withholdings. Statistical process Control (S.P.C.). PAPER USE: The Ways Paper Is Packaged. How to Read a Paper Label. How to Read a Paper Catalog. Paper Cutting. ESTIMATING & PRODUCTION PLANNING: PART II: Who is the Estimator? The Estimator's Paperwork System. Some Estimating Decisions. Policies. APPENDIX A: GRAPHIC ARTS TOOLS: Calculator. Rulers, Line Gauges, and Scales. Proportion Wheel. Micrometer. Gray Scale. APPENDIX B: ROMAN NUMERALS FOR THE PRINTER: Roman Numeral Reference Table. APPENDIX C: USEFUL TABLES: Fraction to Decimal to Metric (mm) Conversion Chart for Denominators of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, & 64. Fraction to Decimal Conversion Chart for Denominators of 5 & 10. Fraction to Decimal Conversion Chart for Denominators of 9. Pica to fraction to Decimal Conversion Chart for Denominators of 3 & 6. Picas & Points to Decimal Inches Conversion Chart. Fractions to Picas and Points. SI and Conventional Measurement Conversions. Percentage to Fraction Conversion or Aliquot Parts of 100. minutes to Decimal Hours Conversion Table. Multiplication Table to 20. ANNOTATED ANSWERS TO EXERCISES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX