Life and Death: A Reader in Moral Problems
Preface. I. ETHICAL THEORIES. A. Classical Theories. 1. Immanual Kant: Deontological Ethics. 2. John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism. 3. Thomas Hobbes: Contractual Ethics. B. Relativism and Objectivism. 4. Herodotus: Custom is King. 5. Ruth Benedict: A Defense of Ethical Relativism. 6. Louis P. Pojman: A Defense of Ethical Objectivism. II. THE SANCTITY OF LIFE AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE. 7. The Bible: Genesis and Psalm 8: The Devine Creation of Humanity. 8. Albert Schweitzer: Reverence for Life. 9. Jonathan Glover: Against the Sanctity of Life Doctrine. 10. H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr.: The Sanctity of Life and the Concept of a Person. 11. Daniel Callahan: The Sanctity of Life Principle: The New Consensus. III. DEATH AND THE MEANING OF LIFE. 12. Plato: Death and Immortality. 13. Epicurus: Death is Nothing to Us. 14. Richard Taylor: Does Life Have a Meaning? 15. Lois Hope Walker: Religion and the Meaning of Life and Death. 16. Jeffrie Murphy: Rationality and the Fear of Death. 17. Prasannatma Das: A Hindu Theory of Life and Death. IV. SUICIDE. 18. Thomas Aquinas: Suicide is Unnatural and Immoral. 19. David Hume: On the Naturalness of Suicide. 20. Albert Camus: Life is Absurd. 21. Richard Brandt: On the Morality and Rationality of Suicide. 22. Margaret Pabst Battin: Suicide: A Fundamental Right? V. EUTHANASIA. 23. Yale Kamisar: Against Legalizing Euthanasia. 24. Glanville Williams: For Legalizing Euthanasia: A Rejoinder. 25. James Rachels: Active and Passive Euthanasia. 26. Thomas Sullivan: Active and Passive Euthanasia: An Impertinent Distinction? 27. The Oregon Law on the Right to Die.VI. WHAT IS DEATH? THE CRISIS OF CRITERIA. 28. Robert M. Veatch: Defining Death Anew. 29. David Mayo and Daniel Wikler: Euthanasia and the Transition from Life to Death. VII. ABORTION. 30. John Noonan: Abortion Is Morally Wrong. 31. Judith Jarvis Thomson: A Defense of Abortion. 32. Baruch Brody: Against an Absolute Right to Abortion. 33. Mary Anne Warren: The Personhood Argument in Favor of Abortion. 34. Harry J. Gensler: The Golden Rule Argument Against Abortion. 35. Don Marquis: Why Abortion is Immoral. 36. Gerald H. Paske: Abortion and the Neo-Natal Right to Life: A Critique of Marquis' Futurist Argument. VIII. HUMAN CLONING. 37. Leon Kass: The Wisdom of Repugnance. 38. National Bioethics Advisory Board: Against Cloning Human Beings. 39. Richard Lewontin: The Confusion over Cloning. 40. Gregory E. Pence: Will Cloning Harm People? IX. DEATH PENALTY. 41. Immanual Kant: Retributivism: The Right to Capital Punishment. 42. Thurgood Marshall: The Death Penalty is a Denial of Human Dignity. 43. Burton Leiser: A Retributivist Justification of the Death Penalty. 44. Hugo Adam Bedau: Against Retributive Justification of the Death Penalty. 45. Sidney Hook: The Death Sentence: Limited Use. 46. Ernest van den Haag and Louis Schwartz: The Death Penalty: Pro and Con. X. ANIMAL RIGHTS. 47. Immanuel Kant: We Only Have Indirect Duties to Animals. 48. Peter Singer: All Animals are Equal. 49. R.G. Frey: A Utilitarian Critique of Animal Rights. 50. Tom Regan: The Radical Egalitarian Case for Animal Rights. 51. Robert White: The Case for Animal Experimentation. 52. Tom Regan: The Case Against Animal Experimentation. 53. Mary Anne Warren: Difficulties with the Strong Animal Rights Position. 54. Carl Cohen: The Case Against Animal Rights. 55. James Rachels: Vegetarianism and "The Other Weight Problem". XI. WAR. Introduction. 56. Robert Phillips: Just War Theory. 57. Jan Narveson: A Critique of Pacifism. 58. Cheyney Ryan: A Defense of Pacifism. 59. The U.S. Catholic Bishops: Against the Use of Nuclear Weapons. 60. Charles Krauthammer: On Nuclear Morality. 61. Douglas Lackey: Missiles and Morals. 62. William James: The Moral Equivalent of War. XII. WORLD HUNGER. 63. Garrett Hardin: Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor. 64. William Murdoch and Allen Oaten: Population and Food: Metaphors and the Reality. 65. Peter Singer: Famine, Affluence and Morality. 66. Richard Watson: Reason and Morality in a World of Limited Food. 67. John Arthur: Famine Relief and the Ideal Moral Code.