Philosophy Through the Ages
Preface. 1. THE PRE-SOCRATES. The Birth of Philosophy. Monastic Materialism. Thales. Anaximander. Anaximenes. A Mathematical Universe. Pythagoras. Theano of Crotona. The Pythagoreans. Aesara of Lucania. Explanation of Change. Heraclitus. Parmenides. Zeno. Empedocles. Anaxagoras. The Atomists. Atoms. 2. SOCRATES AND THE SOPHISTS. The Sophists. Protagoras. Gorgias. Thrasymachus. Socrates. 3. PLATO. 4. ARISTOTLE. 5. HELLENISTIC PHILOSOPHY. The Cynics. Diogenes. The Epicureans. Epicurus. The Stoics. The Skeptics. Sextus. Mystery Cults. The Neoplatonists. Plotinus. 6. THE MEDIEVAL WORLD. St. Augustine. The Not-So-Dark Ages. John Scrotus Erigena. St. Anselm. Islamic Philosophy. Avicenna. Averroes. Jewish Philosophy. Moses Mainonides. High Point of the Middle Ages. St. Thomas Aquinas. 7. MODERN PHILOSOPHY: THE REFORMATION, SCIENCE, AND RATIONALISM. Martin Luther. The Rise of Science. The New Science. Thomas Hobbes. The Continental Rationalists. Descartes. the Cartesian Method. Benedict de Spinoza. Gottfried Liebniz. 8. BRITISH EMPIRICISM: LOCKE, BERKELEY, AND HUME. 9. IMMANUEL KANT: CRITICAL PHILOSOPHY. 10. IDEALISM AND MATERIALISM: HEGEL AND MARX. 11. UTILITARIANISM: WOLLSTONECRAFT, BENTHAM, MILL, TAYLOR. 12. INDIVIDUALISM: KIERKEGAARD, NIETZSCHE, RAND. 13. PRAGMATISM. Peirce, James, Dewey. 14. PROCESS PHILOSOPHY. Bergson, Whitehead. 15. ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY: RUSSELL, LOGICAL POSITIVISTS, AND WITTGENSTEIN. 16. PHENOMENOLOGY. Husserl, Heidegger. 17. EXISTENTIALISM. Sartre, de Beauvoir, Camus. GLOSSARY. INDEX.