Residential Geothermal Systems: Heating and Cooling Using the Ground Below
CONTENTS   (75 Color illustrations and charts, wide 8.5" x    8.5" format)About This Book1 ~ THE FURNACE BELOW Rise in Price of Oil in Last Decade | Source of Geothermal Energy | Geothermal Gradient | Avg. Annual Earth Temp. | Geothermal Acronyms | Geothermal Advantages | Geothermal Disadvantages2 ~ WHAT'S IT ALL ABOUT? Fossil Fuels' Heating Capacity | Geo vs. Conventional System | 30% Federal Tax Credit | COP-the Efficiency of a Geo-system | Sizing the Heat Pump for Heating | Design Heat Load | Insulate First! | Homeowner Estimate of Heat Load | Comparison of Electric Heat Backup Cost vs. Geo | Importance of not being Short-Looped | R-values of Insulating Materials | Sensible & Latent Heat | Infiltration Loss | Block Load Calculation | Manual-J Calculation/Software | Design Cooling Load | Heat Gain | Fuel Usage Comparison: Geo vs. Fossil Fuel3 ~ BASIC GROUND LOOP SYSTEMS A Primitive Loop System | Shortcoming of Primitive Loop System | Overview of Loop Systems | Ground Coupled Loop Systems | Horizontal Straight & Slinky Design |Vertical Ground Coupled Loop Systems | Ground Water Coupled Loop Systems-Singlet, Doublet and SCW | Surface Water Coupled Loop Systems | Direct Exchange (DX) Systems4 ~ THE REFRIGERATOR The Icebox and Latent Heat of Fusion |Latent Heat of Vaporization | Components of A Refrigerator-Evaporator, Compressor, Condenser & Capillary Tube |Operation of a Refrigerator | A Refrigerator is a Heat Pump! | The 3 Rules that Apply to All Heat Pumps5 ~ THE GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP The Primitive Loop Enhanced | Water-to-Air Systems | Hydronic (Water-to-Water) Systems | Ductless Mini-Split Systems | Heat Pump Selection Criteria | Electrical Cost to Run Heat Pump | Heat Pump Installation | Desuperheater..Free Hot Water? | Guideline For Desuperheaters | Plumbing Setup with/without Buffer Tank | 7 Primary Hot Water Heaters that can be used with Desuperheater | Auxiliary Heat Strips and Balance Point | Thermostats-Set It and Forget It | Maintenance of Heat Pumps | Annual System Inspection Report | Heat Pump Components | Air Handler Coil | Formicary Corrosion | Water/Refrigerant Heat Exchange Coil | Accumulator | Filter-drier | Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV) | Reversing Valve | Compressor-Scroll Type | Heat Pump Problems and Causes | Heat Pump Performance | Heat of Extraction/Rejection | Heating Capacity6 ~ THE HORIZONTAL GROUND LOOP High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) | Fusion Welding | Thermal Conductivity of Ground Materials | The Straight Single Loop | Multiple Straight Loops in Series | Multiple Straight Loops in Parallel | Slinky Loop Design | Spiral Loop | Sizing a Closed Horizontal Loop | Ground Conductivity Factor | Trench Length per Ton | No. of Parallel Loops/Heat Pump |Laminar vs. Turbulent Flow | Example of Reynolds No. Calculation | Reynolds No. for Various Pipe Sizes/Flow Rates | Water Viscosity Variation with Temp. | Horizontal Loop Boring | Use of a Drip Hose on a Loop Field | Underground Earth Temp. Variation | Antifreeze-Methanol & Glycols,% Needed | Loop Headers and Manifold | Reverse Return Loop Plumbing | Loop Flow Center | Size and No. of Loop Pumps Needed | Pond Loops-Slinky/Matt & Coiled Loop7 ~ THE VERTICAL GROUND LOOPVertical Loop Basics | Borehole Depth/Ton | Conductivity and Diffusivity of Soil Types |Borehole Conductivity Testing | Sizing Vertical Boreholes | Borehole Depth/Ton for 3/4",1" & 1 1/4" Pipe | Ground and Annulus Conductivity Adjustment | Vertical Loop Configuration | Grouting Borehole-GeoClips | Flushing and Purging-Purge Cart | Antifreeze %8 ~ OPEN LOOP SYSTEMS Doublet (2 Wells-Production & Injection) | Pressure Tank | Solenoid Valve | Calculation of Well Pump Size | Best Efficiency Point of Pump | Pitless Adaptor | Torque Arrestor | Singlet (1 Well) | Pump and Dump9 ~ STANDING COLUMN WELLLarger Well Size Needed | Underground Condition Required | Bleeding | Advection | Porter Shroud10 ~ (DX) DIRECT EXCHANGE SYSTEMWater/Refrigerant Heat Exchange Interface Not Needed | Sacrificial Anode | Comparison To Water (GX) Systems | Vertical DX Systems | Depth/Ton Needed | Borehole Separation & Thermal Interference | Horizontal DX Systems | Cathode Protection System | Ground Acidity (pH) Consideration | Potential (Refrigerant) Problems11 ~ MANUAL-J Description Of | Why it is Mandatory | Sample Manual-J Report | System Performance Bin Data | Terminology of Manual-J Report | Cost of Geo-system: Ductwork-Heat Pump-Optional Equip.12 ~ HOMEOWNER'S DILEMMAS What Size Heat Pump? | Problems Downsizing to Smaller Heat Pump | Analysis of a 4 Ton vs. 3 Ton Heat Pump | Horizontal or Vertical Ground Loop? | Single Deep Borehole or Multiple Shallower Boreholes? | Comparison of a Single 450' Borehole vs. 3 150' Boreholes | Heat Pump Systems: Package-Split Units-Ductless Mini-split | Water-to-Air or Water-to-Water (Radiant) System?13 ~ FINAL STEPS 8 Full Page Flowcharts Summarizing The Questions to be Asked and Tasks to be Performed by the Homeowner Planning to Install a Geo-system.APPENDICESAverage Annual Ground Temp. in US, Canada, Australia and Europe |Heat Capacities of Various Substances |Heat Pump Manufacturers: DX- Split-Packaged Units |Useful Formulas/////////////////////////////////////////////////