The Modern Voyage
13. Cultural Context: Renaissance, Reformation, and the Rise of Modern Science. 14. Early Empiricists: Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes. 15. Rene Descartes: Founder of Modern Philosophy. 16. Benedict Spinoza: Rationalist and Mystic. 17. Gottfried Leibniz: The Optimistic Rationalist. 18. Cultural Context: The Enlightenment and the Age of Newton. 19. John Locke: The Rise of Modern Empiricism. 20. George Berkeley: Following the Road of Empiricism. 21. David Hume: The Scottish Skeptic. 22. Immanuel Kant: Finding the Powers and Limits of the Mind. 23. The Nineteenth-Century Cultural Context: Romanticism, Science, and the Sense of History. 24. G.W.F. Hegel: Biographer of the World Spirit. 25. Karl Marx: A Philosophy of the Changing World. 26. Soren Kierkegaard: The Founder of Religious Existentialism. 27. Friedrich Nietzsche: The Founder of Secular Existentialism. 28. Nineteenth-Century Empiricism: Comte, Bentham, and Mill.