The Accidental Republic: Crippled Workingmen, Destitute Widows, and the Remaking of American Law
John Witt paints his portrait of industrializing America with the subtlety of a master and on an immense canvas. His magisterial history is much more than an account of the rise of workers compensation, still one of our greatest social reforms. Witt vividly recreates the social context of the late 19th century industrial world - workers' appalling injury and death rates, their mutual help and insurance associations, mass immigration, the rise of Taylorist management, the struggles to give new meaning to the free labor ideal, the encounter between European social engineering and American anti-statism and individualism, and the politics and economics of labor relations in the Progressive era. Out of these materials, Witt shows, the law helped fashion a new social order. His analysis has great contemporary significance, revealing both the alluring possibilities and the enduring limits of legal reform in America. It is destined to become a classic of social and legal history. (Peter H. Schuck, author ofDiversity in America: Keeping Government at a Safe Distance)John Witt shows us the power of perceptive legal history at work. Within the tangle of compensation for industrial accidents, he discovers not only a legal struggle whose outcome set the pattern for many 20th century interventions of government in economic life, but also a momentous confrontation between contract and collective responsibility. Anyone who finds American history absorbing will gain pleasure and insight from this book. (Viviana Zelizer, Princeton University, author ofThe Social Meaning of Money: Pin Money, Paychecks, Poor Relief, and Other Currencies)In 1940 Willard Hurst and Lloyd Garrison inaugurated modern socio-legal studies in the United States with their history of workers' injuries and legal process in Wisconsin. Two generations later, John Fabian Witt'sThe Accidental Republicmarks the full maturation of that field of inquiry. Deftly integrating a legal analysis of tort doctrine, a history of industrial accidents, and a fresh political-economic understanding of statecraft, Witt demonstrates the significance of turn-of-the-century struggles over work, injury, risk, reparation, and regulation in the making of our modern world. Sophisticated, comprehensive, and interdisciplinary,The Accidental Republicis legal history as Hurst and Garrison imagined it could be. (William Novak, The University of Chicago, author ofThe People's Welfare: Law and Regulation in Nineteenth-Century America)Emerging from legal history,Accidental Republicoffers a broad political narrative that explores how Americans confronted the hazards and insecurities of industrialization...A very fine book that is consistently engaging to read. (Jennifer KleinBusiness History Review2004-09-01)Witt carefully reconstructs the uncertain path that ultimately led to the adoption of workmen's compensation...Witt's narrative is brimming with rich insights...Workmen's compensation, as he persuasively argues, represented a dramatic, although deeply contested, paradigm shift from free labor to risk and insurance that extended beyond the workplace to the building of the twentieth-century social welfare state. (Barbara Y. WelkeJournal of American History2005-06-01)Witt offers compelling evidence of the dangers workers faced as the United States rapidly industrialized after the Civil War...The book describes the numerous experiments in social, institutional, and legal reform that attempted to craft some form of protection for workers and, in the case of accidental death, their survivors...The book traces how the sheer number of industrial accidents and the attendant destitution of families deprived of their breadwinner challenged the societal notion that injuries were individual problems between employers and workers...Witt's superb efforts will hopefully stimulate other historical examinations of dangerous work in America. (Robert ForrantLabor History2005-08-01)The Accidental Republicis a book about the origins of workmen's compensation, and it is probably the best book we will ever get on the subject. But it is also about much more. It is about the relationship between risk and industrial capitalism, about whether fingers are worth thirty dollars or sixty dollars, and about the political representation of pain--how it has been measured, commodified, expressed, and silenced. It is also about democratic institutions that distinguished brave soldiers and helpless trainmen from unworthy scoundrels...It is about the relationship between sympathy and citizenship and about finding a place for unfortunate people in a fortunate society. It is a book about risks, not only about why we foolishly attempt to control them, but why, even then, we still need to take them. It is, at bottom, a profound examination of how we value our fellow gamblers in the two riskiest collective enterprises of American life: capitalism and democracy...The Accidental Republicis a masterful work of legal history that will leave scholars in numerous fields arguing for years to come. (Christopher CapozzolaGeorgetown Law Journal2005-08-01)