Machiavelli in Hell
This intellectual biography of  the 16th century Italian quotes exclusively from Machiavelli's own words rather than quoting others who commented upon him. In this way de Grazia, a professor at Rutgers, paints a colorful portrait of the man entirely in the context of his time. InThe PrinceMachiavelli had famously examined the dilemma of  the ruler who must find a resolution between political necessity and ethical behavior. By thus inventing 'realpolitik' Machiavelli entered the language of political discourse, and got himself rather a bad name. De Grazia's book, which won aPulitzer Prize, goes some way to rehabilitating him, suggesting that his immoral means were put to good political ends.