Icarus at the Edge of Time
Product DescriptionFrom one of America's leading physicists--a moving and visually stunning futuristic re-imagining of the Icarus fable written for kids and those journeying with them toward a deeper appreciation of the cosmos.With a minimum of words set on 34 full color boardbook pages, Icarus travels not to the sun, but to a black hole, and in so doing poignantly dramatizes one of Einstein's greatest insights.Unlike anything Brian Greene has previously written,Icarus at the Edge of Timeuses the power of story, not pedagogy, to communicate viscerally one small part of the strange reality that has emerged from modern physics. Designed by Chip Kidd, with spectacular images from the Hubble Space Telescope, it's a short story that speaks to curiosity and wisdom in a universe we've only begun to fathom.Unlike anything Brian Greene has previously written,Icarus at the Edge of Timeuses the power of story, not pedagogy, to communicate viscerally one small part of the strange reality that has emerged from modern physics. Designed by Chip Kidd, with spectacular images from the Hubble Space Telescope, it's a short story that speaks to curiosity and wisdom in a universe we've only begun to fathom.An Interview with Author Brian GreeneQ: After writing two big four-hundred-plus page bestselling books, what made you decide to write an illustrated book for all ages?A: There's an emotional side to science which the general public rarely experiences. When Einstein's calculations in 1916 showed that his new  general theory of relativity could explain strange aspects of the planet Mercury's motion, he experienced--by his own description--heart palpitations.  He'd revealed a fundamental cosmic truth and it filled him with awe and reverie. Yet, by contrast, in the public sphere science is still largely  viewed as merely a cold body of knowledge. To many people, science is aloof, distant, abstract. I remember, some years back, reading a poem of  Whitman’s about an astronomy student who grows tired and frustrated by his professor's teachings, and blissfully leaves the class to go outside,  look skyward, and simply experience the wonderment of the star filled heavens. There are many for whom this poem would resonate. This highlights  for me the need for people to connect with science in a new way--outside of the classroom and beyond the textbooks. My two previous books tried to  make some heady ideas of modern physics widely available, and they did this through straightforward exposition. InIcarus At The Edge Of Time,  my intention is to open a different kind of avenue onto science--a more visceral, more emotional side that a fictional narrative more readily accesses.Q: Where did the idea to re-imagine the Icarus legend (set in outer space and involving black holes!) come from?A: I recently told my two and a half year old son a bedtime story that involved space travelers moving near the speed of light. Within days  he was telling his own animated stories of dinosaurs and monsters outrunning a new and wonderful concept--"the speed of dark." Which got me  thinking. Storytelling is our most basic and powerful means of communication. We listen with a different kind of intensity--and open ourselves  most fully--to a gripping tale. So why not allow some of science’s greatest wonders to be experienced not through pedagogy but through the force  of narrative? Science in fiction, as opposed to science fiction. Scientific insights that are absorbed rather than  studied.Icarus At The Edge Of Timeis my first attempt to explore this terrain. Instead of a journey near the sun--a "light" star--Icarus heads to a  black hole--a "dark" star. And then the wonders of Einstein's relativity kick in, warping the more familiar ending into a painful conclusion,  to be sure, but perhaps one that's more hopeful than the original.Q: The story of Icarus is a cautionary tale, what do you think it has to say when applied (as it is here) to the nature of scientific  exploration of the universe?A: Great scientists are great adventurers, boldly exploring unknown terrain--"anxiously searching" as Einstein once put it "for a truth one feels  but cannot find, until final emergence into the light." Icarus's fearlessness fits this profile to a "T". But there's another side to scientific  exploration. Scientific research has the capacity to reveal realms that turn the status quo on its head. And when this happens, we're often not  prepared--as a society we're often not sufficiently mature--to take on the responsibility that such new realms can require.From nuclear knowledge to stem cells, from global climate change to cloning, science not only opens up new vistas but confronts us with  profound challenges. In this new version of the Icarus tale, Icarus's unrestrained explorations take him, literally, to a startling new  realm--one in which the universe as he knew it becomes forever beyond his reach. We can imagine him maturing into his new life and  experience, but we also feel the wrenching pain of his being torn from his familiar reality--and from his family--and entering a completely  new world--the very process of maturation we collectively navigate as science rewrites the rules of what's possible.Q: Who do you see as the audience for this book?A: The intended audience is broad. While I've found that science-enthusiasts get a big kick out of the story (it's not often that general  relativity is the lynch pin in a narrative!), I wrote the story with two kinds of imaginary readers looking over my shoulder--adults who don't  generally have much contact with science, and kids who love a short adventure story.Q: Since the writing of your last book you have become a father. How has fatherhood impacted you as a writer?A: I feel a stronger urge to go beyond a connection with readers that's purely intellectual. The intellectual side is critical of  course. But I think you communicate far more effectively if you can engage the reader on multiple levels. I've always felt this way. But  I now experience it everyday--all the time--with my son, and also my one-year-old daughter. Fatherhood has heightened my recognition that to  communicate you need an emotional link.Q: Your passion for science and making it come alive for people of all ages is well known--as evidenced through your founding of  The World Science Festival and also in a recentNew York Timesop-ed in which you wrote about "the powerful role science can play in  giving life context and meaning," and stated, "It's the birthright of every child, it's a necessity for every adult,  to look out on the world . . . and see that the wonder of the cosmos transcends everything that divides us." How do you feel  about the way Science is taught in most schools today and what would be the biggest changes you would recommend?A: We need to get beyond the urge--however important--of merely teaching kids the results of science, the methods of science. We need to  communicate the stories of science. If a kid thinks of science as a subject taught in a classroom, we've failed. Kids need to think of  science as the greatest of adventure stories as we've sought to understand ourselves and the universe around us. Kids need to recognize  that science is a perspective, a way of life--it's something you hold with you long, long after you leave the classroom.Q: What were some of the books that most inspired your passion for Science?A: When I was really young, it wasn't actually books that inspired me. It was great teachers. From my dad (a self-educated high-school drop-out) to  a couple of public school teachers where I grew up in New York City, I was fortunate to be surrounded by people who knew how to nurture and excite  a young mind.Q: So do you think anyone will ever actually find out what happens at the center of a black hole?A: Absolutely. But not by jumping in.Q: Is it a challenge, as a physicist and mathematician to write in a way that everyone understands?A: It is a challenge, but for me its both a useful and exciting one. I find that translating cutting-edge research into more familiar  language forces me to strip away extraneous details and zero in on the core ideas. Often, this helps me to organize my own thoughts and has  even suggested research directions. And it's exciting to see ideas that are close to my heart and those of other researchers in the field reach  a wider audience. The questions we are tackling are universal, and everyone deserves the right to enjoy the progress we're making.Q: What are black holes and what do they tell us about the nature of universe?A: Black holes are regions of space filled with such intense gravity that anything which gets too close, even light, is unable to  escape. Although Albert Einstein’s insights led to the idea of black holes, he remained skeptical about their  existence. Yet, in the decades since, a wealth of astronomical observations have provided strong evidence that black holes not  only exist in the cosmos, they’re commonplace.Black holes have a profound effect on time: their gravitational force pulls on time itself, slowing its rate of passage  ever more as one gets ever nearer a black hole’s edge. Because of this, black holes provide for a specific kind of time travel. Were  you to hover near the edge of a black hole, time for you would pass more slowly than for everyone else who remained far away. On  returning to Earth you would thus find that hundreds or even thousands of years had elapsed, depending on the size of the  black hole and how close you ventured to its edge.Scientists still haven’t figured out what happens at the very center of a black hole. Einstein’s mathematics breaks down and so provides  no insight. Some scientists have suggested that a black hole’s center is where time comes to an end while others have  proposed that it’s a portal to another universe. Finding the definitive answer is widely recognized as one of the great remaining  challenges in our continuing quest to understand space, time and the cosmos.Q: How close are we to really understanding the nature of the universe?A: Sometimes I think the final theory is just around the corner. Sometimes I think such thoughts are naive. The bottom line is I don't  know, but what we're learning is so startling, that in a way it doesn't matter. When or if we reach the deepest understanding, it  will be a major moment for our species. But until then, making progress at unraveling the cosmos is its own reward.Q: Where did you get the idea to illustrate this book with photos from the Hubble Space Telescope?A: That was Chip Kidd's idea. On reading the story he immediately felt that an abstract, as opposed to literal,  visual treatment would be most effective. I agreed completely. And was kind of blown away when he came up with this design.  It is so simple, but so powerful.(Photo Credit: Andrea Cross)Designer Chip Kidd Discusses His Vision forIcarus at the Edge of TimeQ: So Chip, where did the inspiration for this design come from?A: The genesis, if you will, of the design and art direction ofIcarus at the Edge of Timerepresents (for me),  a prime example of design challenges at its purest and most exhilarating. In the spring of 2007, Marty Asher (Brian Greene's editor  at Knopf) brought me Brian's manuscript of a fable of a teenage boy-genius (Icarus) who lives on a starship heading back to Earth  after a generations-long mission and, against the stern warnings of his scientist father, commandeers a sort of pod-ship to go  explore a black hole. When he returns from doing so, he finds that everything he knew has changed, and he learns a devastating lesson.The story takes place in deep space, and as I was reading it, my mind instantly flashed to those incredible  images that have been beamed back from the Hubble telescope. A quick investigation into the Hubble website bore out the fact  that a) these images are in the public domain, and b) you can literally download good hi-resolution files of them from the site.  Honestly, this discovery made me feel good about paying my taxes for the first time in decades. Anyway, the idea was born to  illustrate the text metaphorically rather than literally. Although it is a fantastic tale, Brian grounds it in very real science,  so the most appropriate thing was to show actual pictures of space (which happen to be jaw-droppingly gorgeous) as opposed to having  someone draw or paint them.In that sense it became like designing the cover ofJurassic Parkall over again--you start with something concrete and real  (a diagram of an existing T-Rex skeleton) and apply it to a fictional conceit. So you end up with what just might be outside Icarus's  window as he hurtles through space. Added to that is a graphic element that represents the approaching and receding black hole,  which is literally that--a small black circle appears smack dab in the center of the second spread and slowly grows as you read the book.  Then, when it's so relatively large it threatens to completely consume everything, it slowly starts shrink (as Icarus pulls the  pod-craft back away from it), until by the end of the book it disappears and is replaced by the Earth. If you have trouble picturing  that, you'll just have to see the book! I thank Brian for the opportunity to work on it, and urge you all to check it  out. Learning scientific space-physics was never so beautiful. –CK(Photo Courtesy of Chip Kidd)A Look InsideIcarus at the Edge of Time(Click on Images to Enlarge)