Electrical Control for Machines
CHAPTER I 1.1 Transformers and Power Supplies 1.2 Control Transformers 1.2 Transformer Regulation. 1.3 Temperature Rise in a Transformer 1.4 Operating Transformers in Parallel 1.5 Constant Voltage Regulators (CVR) 1.6 Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS). CHAPTER 2 Fuses, Disconnect Switches, and Circuit Breakers 2.1 Protective Factors 2.2 Fuse Construction and Operation 2.3 Fuse Types 2.4 Let-Thru Current and I2t 2.5 Voltage and Frequency Surges 2.6 Circuit Breaker Types 2.7 Programmable Motor Protection 2.8 Electrical Metering and Voltage Protection 2.9 Selecting Protective Devices CHAPTER 3 Control Units for Switches and Communication 3.1 Oil-Tight Units 3.2 Push-Button Switches 3.3 Selector Switches 3.4 Heavy-Duty Switches 3.5 Indicating Lights 3.6 General Information on Oil-Tight Units 3.7 Circuit Applications 3.8 Annunciators 3.9 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). 3.10 Membrane Switches 3.11 Liquid Crystal Displays CHAPTER 4 Relays 4.1 Control Relays and Their Uses 4.2 Timing Relays 4.3 Latching Relays 4.4 Plug-in Relays 4.5 Contactors CHAPTER 5 Solenoids 5.1 Solenoid Action 5.2 Solenoid Force and Voltage 5.3 Low Voltage 5.4 Over Voltage 5.5 AC Solenoids in DC 5.6 DC Solenoids on AC 5.7 50 and 60 Cycle Solenoids 5.8 Solenoid Temperature Rise 5.9 Circuit Applications 5.10 Variable Solenoids 5.11 Proportional Valves 5.12 Servo Valves CHAPTER 6 Types of Control 6.1 Open Loop vs. Closed Loop 6.2 Closed-Loop Control 6.3 Proportional Control 6.4 Proportional-Integral 6.5 Proportional-Integral-Derivative CHAPTER 7 Motion Control Devices 7.1 Importance of Position Indication and Control 7.2 Limit Switches-Mechanical 7.3 Limit Switch Symbols 7.4 Circuit Applications 7.5 Proximity Limit Switches 7.6 LED Indicators 7.7 Solid State Outputs 7.8 Detection Range 7.9 Hysteresis 7.10 Attenuation Range 7.11 Speed 7.12 Magnet-Operated Limit Switch 7.13 Vane Switches 7.14 Linear Position Displacement Transducers 7.15 Angular Position Displacement Transducers 7.16 Use or AC Synchronous and DC Stepping Motors 7.17 Servo Positioning Control 7.18 Sensing Theory 7.19 Flow Monitors CHAPTER 8 Pressure Control 8.1 Importance of Pressure Indication and Control 8.2 Types of Pressure Switches 8.3 Circuit Applications CHAPTER 9 Temperature Control 9.1 Importance and Temperature Indication and Control 9.2 Temperature Controllers 9.3 Controller Outputs 9.4 Additional Terms 9.5 Temperature Switches (Thermostats) 9.6 Circuit Applications CHAPTER 10 Time Control 10.1 Selected Operations 10.2 Types of Timers 10.3 Synchronous Motor-Driven Timers 10.4 Solid-State Timers 10.5 Circuit Applications CHAPTER It Count Control 11.1 Preset Electrical Impulses 11.2 Circuit Applications 11.3 Solid-State Counters CHAPTER 12 Control Circuits 12.1 Placement of Components in a Control Circuit CHAPTER 13 Motors 13.1 AC Motors-Theory of Operation 13.2 Polyphase Squirrel Cage Induction Motors 13.3 Single Phase Motors 13.4 Resistance Split-Phase Motors 13.5 Capacitor Start Motors 13.6 Permanent Split-Capacitor Motors 13.7 Shaded-Pole Motors 13.8 DC Motors 13.9 Brushless DC Motors CHAPTER14 Motor Starters 14.1 Overload Relays 14.2 Across-the-Line (Full Voltage) Starters 14.3 Reversing Motor Starters 14.4 Multispeed Motor Starters 14.5 Reduced-Voltage Motor Starters 14.6 Solid-State Motor Starters 14.7 Starting Sequence CHAPTER 15 Introduction to Programmable Controllers 15.1 Primary Concepts in Solid State Control 15.2 Introduction to Programmable Logic Controllers 15.3 Programmable Logic Controllers Concepts 15.4 Input/Output (1/0) 15.5 Processor 15.6 Memory 15.7 Power Supplies 15.8 Programming 15.9 Examine On/Examine Off 15.10 Peripheral and Support Devices 15.11 Data Communication Highway 15.12 Converting from Relay Logic to PLC 15.13 PLC Application in Industry CHAPTER 16 Quality Control 16.1 Quality and Quality Control 16.2 Electrical and Electronic Circuits Used in Quality Control 16.3 Quality Achieved Through Machine and Process Monitoring 16.4 Process Tolerance (Standards) 16.5 Information Systems 16.6 Data Acquisition Systems 16.7 Personal Computer Software 16.8 Quality is Related to the Type of Control Being Used 16.9 Poor Quality As a Result of System Errors CHAPTER 17 Safety 17.1 Worker Safety 17.2 Electrical Worker"s Safety 17.3 Machine Safety 17.4 Diagnostic Systems 17.5 Machine Safety Circuit 17.6 Programmable Controllers in Safety 17.7 Other Safety Conditions CHAPTER 18 Troubleshooting 18.1 Safety First 18.2 Analyzing the Problem 18.3 Major Trouble Spots 18.4 Equipment for Troubleshooting 18.5 Motors 18.6 Troubleshooting a Complete Control Circuit 18.7 Troubleshooting the Programmable Logic Circuit 18.8 Electronic Troubleshooting Hints CHAPTER 19 Designing Control Systems for Easy Maintenance. . 19.1 Design Considerations 19.2 Diagrams and Layouts 19.3 Locating, Assembling, and Installing Components APPENDIX A Summary of Electrical Symbols APPENDIX B Units of Measurements APPENDIX C Rules of Thumb APPENDIX D Electrical Formulas APPENDIX E Use of Electrical Codes and Standards APPENDIX F Application of Electrical Heat APPENDIX G Power Factor Correction APPENDIX H Concepts Used in Programmable and Solid State Controllers APPENDIX I Selecting a Transformer GLOSSARY INDEX