An Introduction to Gravity Modification: A Guide to Using Laithwaite's and Podkletnov's Experiments and the Physics of Forces for Empirical Results
Dr. Andrew Beckwith, astrophysicist, writes in the Foreword of Solomon's book An Introduction to Gravity Modification, "If Solomon is correct, then interstellar travel is possible."This field is so advanced that none of the scientific funding authorities, the National Science Foundation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Air Force Research Labs & the Navy Research Labs have a category for this type of research in their BAAs. If the US is to remain number one, it is now time they do so.To facilitate gravity modification as a space propulsion technology and propose new avenues towards interstellar travel, Solomon has had to take propulsion physics out of the realm of particle-based physics while staying close to the experimental data. The discovery of the Non-Inertia (Ni) Field unifies gravity, electromagnetism and mechanical forces without the use of particle-based physics. These findings were published in the September 2011 issue of the Canadian AIP journal, Physics Essays. (physicsessays.org/doi/ref/10.4006/1.3595113).The Ni field is the first major break from traditional gravitational theories in 346 years, since Newton, because one does not need to know the mass of the gravitating body to calculate gravitational acceleration. In 2008 Nobel Laureate (1999), Gerardus 't Hooft, had shown that the absence of matter does not guarantee flatness. Noting 't Hooft's work, Solomon had taken a different route and discovered the new massless formula for gravitational acceleration, g = τc2. That gravitational forces are not only "independent" of the presence or absence of matter, but one can now determine the gravitational forces present in spacetime by noting the local non-mass properties of spacetime in that local region. That means that in Nature there is an intermediate step between the mass source of the gravitational field and the gravitational field itself. Restated, how does quantized matter create non-quantized classical-like gravitational fields? Therefore, this will have a major impact on our theories on dark matter and dark energy. Further, Solomon has, for the first time proposed a test for natural versus theoretical gravitational fields.But what about particles? CERN's LHC recently discovered a new particle, a new boson. We all agree that the discovery of this new boson is a tremendous discovery.  If it turns out that this new boson is not Higgs, this would lead to a tremendous and exciting research in reworking the Standard Model. So there are happy endings either way.However, as Solomon shows in his book, unlike quantum mechanics, force is not carried by particles. Let's review. Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity shows that anything that travels at the velocity of light cannot have length. The Lorentz-Fitzgerald transformation requires its length be zero. Remember the recent FTL neutrino fuss? So how can photons exhibit a wave function of non-zero length? The answer starts on page 195. The wave function is the photon's effect on spacetime and not the photon itself, but since it is the effect, it is unique to the particle, and therefore easily mistaken for the particle itself.An Introduction to Gravity Modification is the result of a 12-year (1999-2011) study into the theoretical and technological feasibility of gravity modification that presents the new physics of forces by replacing relativistic, quantum, and string theories with process models. Gravity, electromagnetism and mechanical forces are unified by Ni fields, and obey a common equation g = τc2 (note, no mass in this equation). Yes, unification at last, which the Standard Model has not been able to complete.Yes, we are living in exciting times, new physics, new engineering & new technologies. From the physics of propulsion to the engineering of propulsion engines. Answering the question, how does one build these new engines? The book details a start on how to approach the building of such engines, by explaining how Laithwaite's big wheel experiment works (the new massless solution is, a=ωsωd√h) and how Ni fields explains Podkletnov's experiments, and why Podkletnov's experiments are so difficult to reproduce.Solomon shows (page 231) that a General Relativity type theory can be broken into two parts the omega function (or source part) and the tensor part. Eric Davis who authored "Interstellar travel by means of Wormhole Induction Propulsion" (1998) (labs.adsabs.harvard.edu/ui/abs/1998AIPC..420.1502D) is operating on the tensor side, while Solomon proposed changes to the omega function. Bear in mind that the electron's acceleration (Principle of Equivalence is relevant here) is far greater in a much weaker magnetic field than Davis proposes. Therefore, a tensor based theoretic for a propulsion theory is not likely to be as productive as an omega function based propulsion theory.Finally, one is able to derive a definition for gravity modification. Gravity modification is defined as the modification of the strength and direction of the gravitational acceleration without the use of mass as the primary source of this modification, in local space time. It consists of field modulation and field vectoring. Field modulation is the ability to attenuate or amplify a force field. Field vectoring is the ability to change the direction of this force field. This definition excludes the use of relativistic, quantum or string theories to solve the gravity modification problem as these theories require mass, momentum exchange and conservation of mass-energy to solve their equations. This is a major shift in paradigms.The extensive numerical modeling and the early (1999-2001) experimental evidence with electrical circuits that can change their own weight, suggest that semiconductor chips will be the future of propulsion engines. Imagine by 2020 Intel, AMD, Texas Instruments, Motorola, Samsung, Hitachi, Fujitsu & TSMC are building the propulsion engines of the future, on semiconductor chips. Amazing. Not just a shift in technology, but a shift in industrial resources.The mathematical discovery of the photon's spatial probability field (governed by the new Var-Gamma probability distribution) leads to the unification of shielding, transmission, cloaking, invisibility and resolution as a single common phenomenon. Solomon shows that the Var-Gamma spatial probability field gives similar if not the same results as Oulton, Sorger, Genov, Pile and Zhang's (2008) nano wire waveguide model results.The new photon model leads to the definition of subspace and more importantly how one can experimentally verify the existence of this subspace. Subspace provides an avenue for interstellar travel, by seceding out of spacetime at embarkation, into subspace and merging back into spacetime from subspace, at arrival. Why is this likely? This is because the new Var-Gamma spatial probability field provides a better fit with radiation shielding experimental data than quantum theory, and leads to spectrum independent photon analytics.Note that, even though quantum mechanics is heavily dependent on probability functions, quantum mechanics has not even begun to explain what probability fields are and how they are implemented in Nature.This book reaches out to a wider audience, and not just to the theoretical physicist; to engineers and technologist who have the funding to experiment; just as Nobel Laureates (1978) Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson experimented with the Holmdel Horn Antenna and discovered the microwave background radiation. The mathematics is easier than that taught in theoretical physics and therefore accessible to a wider audience such as these engineers & technologists.And yes, one day in the near future, all internal combustion & rocket engines will be replaced by semiconductor chips that mimic the behavior of electrons in a magnetic field, and then only will non-government funded Commercial Space be viable.--This text refers to an alternatePaperbackedition.