Emancipation Betrayed: The Hidden History of Black Organizing and White Violence in Florida from Reconstruction to the Bloody Election of 1920
"This is a compelling tale, one that helps to adjust the view that blacks were powerless in the 50 years after Reconstruction ended.... Recommended." - J. A. Luckett, Choice: Current Reviews For Academic Libraries "As both an essential teaching of American history and a critical resource for understanding grassroots organizing today, Paul Ortiz's Emancipation Betrayed deserves the widest possible audience." - Randy Shaw, Beyondchron.org "Paul Ortiz's lyrical and closely argued study introduces us to unknown generations of freedom fighters for whom organizing democratically became in every sense a way of life. Ortiz changes the very ways we think of Southern history as he shows in marvelous detail how Black Floridians came together to defend themselves in the face of terror, to bury their dead, to challenge Jim Crow, to vote, and to dream." - David R. Roediger, author of Colored White: Transcending the Racial Past"