development of new competencies needs to be facilitated through new models of learning structured around principles of innovation relevance to a specific situation and social and community engagement learning has to happen also on the side of stakeholders of the ameridian communities including policymakers development agencies and commercial entities resulting emigration or immigration demands total or partial restructuring of occupations and ways of production for example loss of soil fertility in some areas could cause an influx of labour from these areas to others potentially with sensitive ecosystems