it then looks at trends in several indicators of biodiversity species abundance eg mean species abundance or msa threatened species forest area deforestation and marine fish stocks and the implications of businessasusual trends continuing to the year under the oecd environmental outlook baseline scenario the chapter provides an overview of the different policy instruments available for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use ranging from regulations to marketdriven approaches such as payments for ecosystem services pes some more ambitious policy scenarios are examined such as the implications of meeting the aichi biodiversity target under the convention on biological diversity cbd to expand the global protected area network to at least of terrestrial land by