in addition triggers to undertake eia are provided for in environmental management frameworks also declared in terms of the national environmental management act and through the biodiversity act see annex a if a threatening process is involved andor if activities target endangered or critically endangered ecosystems as listed in terms of that act in addition provision is made in the regulations for developers responsible for illegal developments to apply for retroactive environmental authorisations biodiversity offsets could thus also be required retroactively an acceptable tradeoff is not always possible however signifying the presence of limits on the type or extent of biodiversity that may be appropriate to include in an offset scheme bbop iccm and iucn ifc kiesecker et al