similarly unexpected events and various types of uncertainties family members health shocks a lack of education and little or no ownership of productive assets especially land are important in the intergenerational transmission of poverty in addition inadequate asset endowments both physical and human limit households access to opportunities financial markets and credit basic services and social networks that create persistent effects on poverty and hunger social and other forms of exclusion also make it extremely difficult for the poorest and the hungriest to escape deprivations the focus has been on the poorest and the hungriest