there is also more accountability and demand for results across the different levels of education systems to deliver good quality education from to expenditure per student in primary secondary and postsecondary nontertiary educational institutions increased by percentage points on average across oecd countries but between and investment in education fell in nearly onethird of oecd countries as a result of the economic crisis resulting in a decrease of expenditure per student in a few countries evidence on student performance shows that efficient investment and distribution of resources according to countries needs priorities and capacities is important at both system and institutional level oecd b oecd c oecd