without this first step precious development dollars will continue to be spent without an analysis of the impact on related infrastructure assets and on the system as a whole a variety of established statistical models and other techniques as well as tools are available that use rulebased approaches indicators random sampling or statistical outlier detection to aid with maintaining high quality data tools like openrefine can also be used to cleanup data to some extent although there is no substitute for collection of highquality data to begin with its easy to adopt an all or nothing approach to information security