the type and quality of jobs can have direct effects on health through occupational hazards or may affect health indirectly through income security or through psychological and social mechanisms in central and eastern europe the roma people routinely suffer deprivation in bulgaria for example their life expectancy at any age is five to six years below the rest of the population while their infant mortality rate is six times the national average in hungary infant mortality among the roma is nearly four times the average for the country while in romania it is two and a half times greater in indonesia in mortality among nonjavanese children was per cent higher than among javanese while nonchinese children had mortality rates nearly four times higher than the rate observed among chinese children whose parents are likely to be wealthier social determinants of health new york oxford university press the widening gap in mortality by educational level in the russian federation american journal of public health vol in latin america the prevalence of child diarrhoea and maternal mortality is significantly higher among indigenous people than among nonindigenous