for example oecd modelling of the potential impacts of a major flood in paris found that to of the direct flood damages would be suffered by the infrastructure sector while to of business losses were caused by disruption to the transportation and electricity supply and not by the flood itself ensuring that infrastructure is climate resilient will help to reduce direct losses and reduce the indirect costs of disruption existing infrastructure may need to be retrofitted or managed differently given climate change lastly additional infrastructure such as sea walls will need to be constructed to address the physical impacts of climate change