a study of the city of toronto and its metropolitan area conducted in gives an idea of the costs that congestion can produce oecd b the average commuting time in toronto was one of the highest among metropolitan regions in the oecd with congestion imposing costs estimated at cad billion per year in particular it focuses on the development of efficient public transportation systems implementing pricing and other mechanisms for affecting vehicle ownership and use incorporating new technologies in managing transportation challenges adopting new modes of work and reforming land use and urban planning the development of bus and rail networks can therefore play an important role in reducing traffic congestion