a good or service may be valued as a means to reach a specific humanfocused end such as good health safety satisfaction or happiness instrumental values do not exist in a world without humans as it is the human valuation that defines this value for example we assume that the conservation of historical sites wetlands andor species is motivated by the contribution this makes to individuals wellbeing the goods and services generated by an ecosystem or cultural landscape can create and contribute to peoples welfare either by being used directly or indirectly use value but can also be valued even if it is not used nonuse value