this provides a powerful impetus for the traditional drr community seeking to redress practice that has for many years seen ex ante action articulating the complex risk drivers from which disasters materialize eclipsed by action responding to the manifestation of disasters translating this shift into informed systemsbased decisionmaking investment and practice in all contexts and at all scales and reflecting this in local to national strategies is arguably the principal preoccupation of this community contexts in which humanitarian response and drr are implemented are therefore more complicated and challenging than is often acknowledged or represented in policy and programmatic documents