hard conditionalities have had positive effects on children s school enrolment in some contexts but in others the results of conditional transfers for children are often no better than unconditional ones or are associated with the existence and quality of public services moreover women s time and efforts to meet conditionalities bring no additional social benefits the loss in women s wellbeing imposed by conditionalities can be greater than the cash benefit as evidenced in the case of guatemala this provides support for the removal of conditionalities where sexdisaggregated data exist statistics show that coverage for women is lower this is particularly the case in countries with contributory pension systems as women s low and intermittent formal employment patterns make them less able than men to make payroll contributions in contributory pension systems a way of recognizing unpaid care and domestic work is through credits