such youth are more at risk as they are unable to secure enough work and income to climb out of poverty even in the developed world young people seeking initial employment are increasingly at risk in terms of underemployment as employers respond to weak demand or avoid the costs of formal employment including healthcare and social security mandates by providing parttime work to new entrants moreover quality parttime workincluding internships that provide no monetary compensation but offer jobrelevant skills development often excludes the poorest youth who cannot afford to work for little or no pay