agarwal argues that gender norms often prevent women from acting overtly in dieir own selfinterest and this may result in the appearance of compliance mabsout and van staveren point out that womens ability to exercise dieir bargaining power derived from earnings are affected by social norms and inequalities in markets including labour market as well as state support or actions or lack thereof however only a few studies have examined the factors affecting womens role as household managers and care providers using household and other surveys