The Eblana Theatre, originally intended as a newsreel venue, in the basement of the building was used as a theatre venue from 1959 to 1995.

(meta data) TITLE: Grande dame of Eblana

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Phyllis Ryan, above: has plans for a play about a transvestite.

Eblana productions: top, Rosaleen Linehan and Des Keogh in Funnybones (1966); far right, Brenda Fricker and Niall Buggy in Black Rosie (1970); right, Cecil Sheridan in The Good Old Days (1965).

Photographs from The Company I Kept by Phyllis Ryan (Town House, £18.99 in the UK)

"There aren't many actors over the age of 40 who didn't get their first chance with Gemini," declares Phyllis Ryan.

Now in her 70s, Ryan is a lady small in stature but large in reputation.

When still a schoolgirl, she was accepted for the Abbey Theatre School of Acting and then joined the company at 17.

After some years with the Abbey, she went into the management side, forming Gemini Productions in 1958, with Norman Rodway.

Gemini's base for many years was the Eblana Theatre, underneath Busaras.

We are used to hearing the Eblana mentioned in fairly derogatory terms, along the lines of: "The only public toilet in Dublin with its own theatre".

In fact, the Eblana was originally designed as a news cinema.

It went on to become a well-attended, well-respected little theatre, in the days before the Project or Andrew's Lane.

And, while somewhat eccentric in location, the Eblana was also undeniably a clever, imaginative addition to a national transport centre.

For instance, Gemini was the first theatre company to produce John B. Keane's The Field and Big Maggie.

The original Bull was the late Ray McAnally.

It also produced a revised version of The Year of the Hiker.

These were huge popular successes, and undoubtedly helped the profile of the company, as well as being financial successes.

Gemini moved out of the Eblana in the mid-1980s.

Of the now defunct Eblana, Ryan says: "If the entrance could be changed so that you didn't have to go past the ladies loo to get to it - if you made the entrance at the side that bank place is on, it would make all the difference for the theatre".

Gemini's last production as a company was in the early 1990s.

Apart from the odd small grant for certain productions, it never received any regular State funding.

"It's nearly impossible to function well without a subsidy of some sort," Ryan admits.

"I never thought I'd hear myself saying that.

But to do really good work, you do need the money."

Gemini's last production was Keane's The Matchmaker at the Tivoli.

This month, to mark 40 years of Gemini Productions, The Matchmaker will run at Dublin's HQ for six weeks, starring Anna Managhan and Des Keogh.

Michael Scott is directing the show, in association with Gemini.

In 1996, Ryan published her memoirs, The Company I Kept, which recounted stories of the many people she has known in her long career.

Hilton Edwards left his sick bed in hospital to attend a gala tribute to her in 1981.

She met Anne Yeats, who was studying theatre design at the Abbey, and who took her to the Yeats' home, to visit.

They had to be quiet for fear that "Daddy might be working".

She met Frank O'Connor, Lennox Robinson, and F.R. Higgins.

Lennox Robinson wanted her to smoke for a part in a play when she was 17, in the days before the health risks of nicotine were really known and she ended up a life-long smoker.

In the late 1940s, Ryan played Pegeen Mike in a London production of Synge's Playboy of the Western World.

She arrived to discover that Maire O'Neill, Synge's love, and inspiration for the Playboy, was playing the Widow Quin.

On the last night of the show, O'Neill, who had sadly developed a debilitating drink problem, took her aside.

She had, she said, all of Synge's love letters with her in the dressing room, and she wanted Ryan to take them to Ireland, to deposit them at a solicitor's office.

Whether the letters really were in the dressing room, or whether O'Neill was imagining their presence there, Ryan refused the offer, but had a bittersweet story to tell forever after.

So did Ryan keep diaries or journals during these years?

There are vividly-recalled passages in The Company I Kept about her acting days as a young girl.

There are also candid and honest recounts of the intense emotions of a young girl undergoing a series of romantic crushes, and see-sawing between emotional highs and lows.

Micheal Mac Liammoir was a particular god from the age of 11, and is mentioned as early as the second sentence of her memoirs.

The playwright, Denis Johnston, is another person she recalls in her memoirs.

Looking up from my notebook during the interview, in a moment of serendipity, I saw Jennifer Johnston, daughter of the playwright, walking through the hotel lobby.

For a couple of minutes, it's hard to concentrate on what's being said: I'm half expecting an informal procession from Ryan's past to appear behind Jennifer Johnston.

In the past few years, since the publication of the book, she has had several cameo roles both in film and theatre.

"I keep on thinking I'll have a period when nothing happens, but it never does."

She intends to finish a second book of memoirs next year; the book is already halfwritten.

There are also two plays she wants to produce under the Gemini umbrella, when The Matchmaker's run is over.

She is reluctant to talk about one of them, as the rights are still under discussion, but the other is "about a transvestite and his world", by an Australian writer.

Notwithstanding the general abandonment of social niceties these days, it is still a little surreal to hear the word "transvestite" being spoken by a lady of a certain age, sitting in the Shelbourne, wearing a hat, and sipping Lapsang Souchon tea.

The family provided by the theatrical world seems to have often substituted for her own family life.

Her husband spent most of their married life apart from her, and she left her two small children with her mother for long periods, when acting jobs turned up in Britain.

Doris, her only sibling, now lives in California and they have not seen each other for 10 years.

She has not seen Blair, her sister's only child, since he was a small boy.

"But he has promised to bring Doris over to see me," she says hopefully, her eyes bright.

"There are great big lonely gaps in my life," she admits.

But she's talking about her professional life.

"We've lost actors like Marie Keane, Donal McCann, Ray McAnally.

I keep casting people in my head, and then remembering they're dead.

But I don't feel like they're too far away.

Holes keep opening up in your life," she reflects, with a tiny smile.

As for retiring from the active service of theatre life?

"I can't think of a life where I wasn't doing what I've always done, and which I absolutely love," she says with absolute conviction.

The Matchmaker opened at HQ, Middle Abbey Street, Dublin, this week, for a limited run.

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Busáras was designed by Michael Scott and his team of young architects and designers between 1945 and 1953. It was built against a background of public opposition which centred on the external appearance, function and excessive cost – over £1,000,000 before completion in 1953. Simultaneously loathed by some of the populace and loved by architectural purists, the building was designed in an International Modern style between 1945 and 1953. A number of the original fixtures and fittings designed by Scott still exist, including terrazzo floor tiles, and large timber wall panels.
 One of the first modern buildings in Dublin that attempted to integrate art and architecture, utilising elements like glass facades and a pavilionised top storey, the building won the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland (RIAI) Triennial Gold medal in 1955. It was featured on the highest value stamp issued in the "Architecture" definitive postage stamp set issued in 1982 by the P&T, the forerunner of An Post.


Currently, SriLankan operates an all-Airbus fleet with the exception of its discontinued Air-Taxi services.

(meta data) TITLE: Weliamuna Report recommends criminal prosecution of SriLankan Chairman, CEO

## Weliamuna Report recommends criminal prosecution of SriLankan Chairman, CEO

A Board of Inquiry has found shocking details of corruption running into billions of dollars, manipulations of service contracting, recruitment of unqualified staff and major security breaches at Sri Lankan Airlines under the former government, revealed a press release issued by the Prime Minister's Office.

The panel headed by anti-corruption advocate and senior lawyer J. C. Weliamuna found instances of gross abuse of power by former Chairman Nishantha Wickramasinghe whose penchant for young Air Hostesses cost the debt-ridden airline even more problems.

The former government of President Mahinda Rajapakse made management changes to carry out a re-fleeting of the airline with brand-new aircraft costing $2.3 billion despite the availability of more cost effective alternatives.

The Weliamuna report recommends criminal investigations into the entire re-fleeting process and have noted instances where former Chairmen Wickramasinghe, a brother-in-law of Mahinda Rajapakse, should be prosecuted.

The Board of Inquiry (BOI) found evidence of Wickramasinghe and Sri Lankan CEO, Kapila Chandrasena falsifying documents to lease a luxury sports utility vehicle for the use of Wickramasinghe.

This was in addition to a luxury Mercedes Benz vehicle and a Prado super luxury vehicle.

The purchase of vehicles pales into insignificance when compared to irregularities in the re-fleeting exercise and a fiasco involving the launch of an air taxi service which was eventually abandoned causing millions of dollars in losses to SriLankan Airlines.

The management of Sri Lankan staff knowingly ignored conflict of interest in companies and individuals hired to advise the national carrier on procurements leading to a reasonable assumption that they were all corrupt deals.

A Cabin crew member had been released from the Airline to work at the Presidential Secretariat following a request from the then Presidential Secretary Lalith Weeratunga, but she was actually released for Namal Rajapaksa's political work.

She had been paid by the airline, including allowances for cabin work although there is no explanation of what services she provided except that she had been over paid more than 4.2 million rupees.

The BOI recommends that the SriLankan Airlines take action to recover the overpaid amounts from the staff member who has been identified in the report and direct prosecutions of those who authorized misappropriation of public finance.

The BOI also found that several applicants who repeatedly failed entrance tests were eventually recruited on verbal requests from the management.

The former Chairman had also created a post of "SLA Brand Ambassador" and appointed his known companion, an Air Hostess even though no such designation was known to the national carrier.

The couple had travelled abroad on tickets bought by Sri Lankan from other airlines too.

"In our investigation, we can conclusively hold that former Chairman's association with cabin crew members exposed Sri Lankan Airlines to abuse of power, causing reputational risks as well as financial losses.

"BOI can also hold that there was no corporate culture in the board or the top management to raise such issues when a senior officer or the Chairman was involved in such behavioral issues adversely affecting the company"

The BOI has found CEO Chandrasena unsuitable for the job and was surprised to discover that he was paid a minimum monthly salary of 1.5 million rupees on top of other perks and he had also enjoyed salaries simultaneously from his other appointments.

There had been a time when he drew a salary as Mobitel CEO as well as Mihin Lanka CEO.

The BOI recommends criminal prosecutions of Chandrasena as well as Wickramasinghe, among other senior management staff.

The BOI also found that a London station manager who tried to stop the illegal practice of sending motor spare parts for the use of former president's son Yoshitha had been suddenly transferred out on the direction of the former President Rajapaske.

The airline had also tried to hush up two serious flying mishaps involving the chief pilot Druvi Perera and Captain U. A. V. Pathirana.

Two staff members involved in alleged human smuggling had got off lightly raising serious concerns whether few employees continue to support a criminal human smuggling ring.

The BOI also raised questions about the suitability of appointing a retired Army Major General, P. Chandrawansa, who did not have aviation security experience on a salary of 450,000 rupees, without following recruitment procedure and accused him of engaging in political activities while in the employment of Sri Lankan Airlines.

The BOI recommends the termination of services, or immediate disciplinary action for breaching company rules.

Security Department was among the most politicized.

The BOI praised two senior pilots -- Patrick Fernando and Ranga Amadoru -- who had resigned in protest against attempts to lower pass marks of recruit pilots.

"Their resignation effectively prevented the selection of unsuitable candidates in the 2013 Cadet Pilot intake.

In view of their bold stand taken to protect professional standards, BOI recommends that they be commended."

The report also lists major fraud in the award of tenders and singles out a duty free deal and the sale of wine as one of the blatantly corrupt deals of Sri Lankan requiring a criminal investigation.

BOI points out the corrupt manner in which General Sales Agents were appointed in many countries on behalf of the airlines and manipulations made.

BOI also recommends criminal investigations on the involvement of Udayanga Weeratunga former Ambassador to Russia and Dilan Ariyawansa in several GSA appointments.

Finally the BOI has concluded that the management culture was a major contributory factor for abuse of power and external interference into the business of Sri Lankan Airlines.

Last modified on Monday, 06 April 2015 05:18

« Speech by President Maithripala Sirisena, at the Plenary Session of the Boao Forum for Asia 2015, on 28 March 2015

The Sinhala and Tamil New Year Customs and rituals »

#### Three new envoys present credentials to President

#### RETARDATION OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS

#### Lanka exports to USA reach US$ 3 bn mark

Economy - Development - ProvincialAug 19, 2019

#### Premier inaugurates automobile assembly plant in Welipenna

#### Hi-tech boats to ensure speedy health service

#### Despite challenges, Gov.t keeping economy steady - PM

#### Opportunity created for officials to perform their duties – President

President - Parliament - Prime MinisterAug 19, 2019

#### 31 Colonels Promoted to Brigadier Rank

#### 1913 hotline for illicit liquor from tomorrow

#### Dimuth stars as Sri Lanka sniff victory

In 2008 when Emirates pulled out, the accumulated profit of SriLankan was Rs. 9.288 billion in that financial year. From 2008 to 2015, when the government administration ran it, the loss for the seven years was Rs. 128.238 billion (US$875 million).
 Following the ownership transfer, SriLankan took the decision to promote Colombo as a hub for flights to Asia. The first destination of the expansion plan was Shanghai, China; the route was initiated on 1 July 2010. The airline commenced flights to Guangzhou, China on 28 January 2011. SriLankan joined the Oneworld alliance on 1 May 2014. During 2014 it started to renew and increase its fleet, with purchases of Airbus A330 & A350 models.


The founders' initial attempt at dealing with their constrained exhibition space was to create the Virtual Museum Of Bad Art, a CD-ROM with a cast of 95 people that presented the MOBA art collection in a fictional imaginary museum.

(meta data) COPYRIGHT: permission-on-file

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Backyard Computing, 73 Parker Road, Needham, MA 02194, 617/444-6757, Isacco@world,std,com, $19.95.

You've probably never set foot inside the Museum of Bad Art, possibly because it doesn't exist.

But that little technicality certainly won't stop you from enjoying the Virtual Museum of Bad Art (MOBA), the funniest CD-ROM satire I've ever seen.

Using a mouse, you can wander from room to room, eavesdrop on staff and visitors, and view the artwork itself (which is not a particularly recommended option).

There's a guy bemoaning having been stood up on a blind date at the museum and gradualy becoming aware of the painting that's in front of him ("This is really bad."), A connoisseur extolling the virtues of the frames ("A good frame, and you're halfway there."), and Some pseudointellectuals discussing the remarkable variety of styles by Unknown (the artist who has the most pictures hung at MOBA).

There's even a gift shop, where clicking on an item produces an order form to fill out.

How do you create a tour of someplace that doesen't exist?

The art is definitely real--plucked from various trash heaps over the years by curator Scott Wilson and director Jerry Reilly and usually on display in Reilly's basement--and hung temporarily in various Boston locations to be photographed along with visitors and staff played by the "Friends of MOBA".

I had to fiddle around a good bit to set up and run the CD-ROM, and the graphics were sometimes posterized--all of which seemed to blend with the charm of MOBA itself.

This is the perfect gift for that artsy--or antiartsy--friend.

Real or imaginary or somewhere in between, MOBA is a hoot.

(Reprinted with permission from the December 1995

Copyright by McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York,

The Museum Of Bad Art was established in 1994 by antique dealer Scott Wilson, who discovered what has become the museum's signature piece—"Lucy in the Field with Flowers"—protruding from between two trash cans on a Roslindale-area curb in Boston, among some garbage waiting to be collected. Wilson was initially interested only in the frame, but when he showed the picture to his friend Jerry Reilly, Reilly wanted both the frame and the painting. He exhibited "Lucy" in his home, and encouraged friends to look for other bad art and notify Wilson of what they found. When Wilson acquired another "equally lovely" piece and shared it with Reilly, they decided to start a collection. Reilly and his wife, Marie Jackson, held a party in their basement to exhibit the collection to date, and hosted a reception they facetiously titled "The Opening of the Museum Of Bad Art".
 Regular showings of the pieces collected by Wilson, Reilly, and Jackson (and those donated by others), became too much for Reilly and Jackson's small home in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, as hundreds of people attended the receptions.


On May 1, 2019, Harris was named to the 23 player roster for the 2019 Women's World Cup.

(meta data) TITLE: Meet the USA's 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Team

##### Current Roster - World Cup France 2019

Adrianna FranchAshlyn HarrisAlyssa Naeher

Morgan BrianJulie ErtzLindsey HoranRose LavelleAllie LongSamantha Mewis

Tobin HeathCarli LloydJessica McDonaldAlex MorganChristen PressMallory PughMegan Rapinoe

USWNT StatsUSWNT LineupsSHOW YOUR STRIPES.

BECOME A U.S. SOCCER INSIDER.join usUSMNTThe Future is us.

##### Current Roster - Concacaf Gold Cup 2019

Reggie CannonOmar GonzalezNick LimaAaron LongDaniel LovitzMatt MiazgaTim

Michael BradleyWeston McKennieDjordje MihailovicChristian

Tyler BoydJonathan LewisJordan MorrisGyasi Zardes

Tyler AdamsTim WeahClint DempseyLandon DonovanTim Howard

USMNT StatsUSMNT LineupsSHOW YOUR STRIPES.

BECOME A U.S. SOCCER INSIDER.join usAll Teamsone nation.

U-23 WNTU-20 WNTU-19 WNTU-18 WNTU-17 WNTU-16 GirlsU-15 GirlsU-23 MNTU-20 MNTU-19 MNTU-18 MNTU-17 MNTU-16 BoysU-15 Boys

Beach Soccer WNTBeach Soccer MNTParalympic SoccerFutsal

# Meet the USA's 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Team

Six Players Named to Third Women's World Cup Team, Carli Lloyd Named to her Fourth; 11 Players Named to First Women's World Cup RosterU.S. SoccerMay 1 2019

U.S. Women's National Team head coach Jill Ellis

has named the 23 players who will represent the United States in France

"Selecting a World Cup team is a long process, and I want to thank the

players – the ones that made the final team and the ones that didn't – for

all of their hard work over the past two and a half years," said Ellis.

"They all pushed each other in every training session and every game and

challenged the coaches to make some tough decisions.

been through adversity and success, and it's a group that has the talent,

confidence, experience and desire to help us win the World Cup."

#### 2019 USA FIFA WOMEN'S WORLD CUP ROSTER BY POSITION (Club)

Adrianna Franch* (Portland Thorns FC), Ashlyn Harris** (Orlando Pride),

Abby Dahlkemper* (NC Courage), Tierna Davidson* (Chicago Red Stars),

Crystal Dunn* (NC Courage), Ali Krieger*** (Orlando Pride), Kelley

O'Hara*** (Utah Royals FC), Becky Sauerbrunn*** (Utah Royals FC), Emily

Morgan Brian** (Chicago Red Stars), Julie Ertz** (Chicago Red Stars),

Lindsey Horan* (Portland Thorns FC), Rose Lavelle* (Washington Spirit),

Allie Long* (Reign FC), Samantha Mewis* (NC Courage)

Tobin Heath*** (Portland Thorns FC), Carli Lloyd**** (Sky Blue FC), Jessica

McDonald* (NC Courage), Alex Morgan*** (Orlando Pride), Christen Press**

(Utah Royals FC), Mallory Pugh* (Washington Spirit), Megan Rapinoe

The roster will not become official until it is submitted to FIFA on May

24, which is the deadline for all teams to submit their final squads

selected 12 players who were part of the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup

The roster averages 80 international caps per player and

has a combined total of 94 Women's World Cup appearances.

#### THREE MORE HOME GAMES BEFORE FRANCE

The Women's World Cup roster will make up the squad for the USA's final

three matches before departing for Europe.

by Volpi Foods, takes place in May and will start when the USA faces South

Africa on Sunday, May 12, at 1:30 p.m. PT at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara,

From there, the USA will travel to St. Louis, Missouri for its

second match, facing New Zealand on Thursday, May 16, at 7 p.m. CT at Busch

The U.S. players will then have their final break before the World Cup and

regroup in New Jersey to conclude the Send-Off Series vs. Mexico on Sunday,

Fans can follow all the upcoming WNT matches on @uswnt (Twitter, Instagram)

Thailand, Chile and Sweden in Group F at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.

Thailand on June 11 (3 p.m. ET) at Auguste Delaune Stadium in Reims.

USA then faces Chile on June 16 (12 p.m. ET) at Parc des Princes in Paris,

followed by Sweden on June 20 (3 p.m. ET) at Stade Océane in Le Havre.

READ: 5 Things to Know About the USA's Opponents in Group F

The format calls for seven matches to win the tournament, including four in

the knockout rounds, up from six matches it took to win the Women's World

Cups for all the tournaments from 1991-2011.

Of the 23 players named to the roster, Carli Lloyd has the most

experience in the Women's World Cup, having played 18 matches while

scoring seven goals, six at the 2015 tournament.

Five players own double-figure World Cup

cap numbers in Ali Krieger (13 World Cup caps), Alex Morgan (12), Megan

Crystal Dunn, Morgan Brian, Julie Ertz and Samantha Mewis were part of

the U.S. team that won the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Japan,

while Alyssa Naeher and Morgan were part of the U.S. team that won the

2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Chile.

that won the 2002 FIFA U-19 Women's World Cup in Canada.

Sixteen players on the roster have represented the USA in a FIFA

Women's World Cup at the U-17 level, U-20 level or both.

Davidson is the youngest player on the roster at age 20.

Brian was the youngest player on the 2015 FIFA Women's

Just under half the roster (11 players) are

Two players make their first World Cup roster at age 31 in Long, who

was a member of the 2016 Olympic Team, and McDonald, who is the top

American scorer in the history of the NWSL.

age of the U.S. roster is 28 years old, the same as the USA's 2015

Six players have previously scored in a Women's World Cup tournament,

All 23 players on the roster play domestically in the National Women's

Eight of the nine NWSL clubs are represented on the

roster with the Portland Thorns FC, reigning champion North Carolina

Courage and the Chicago Red Stars having four players each. The Utah

Royals and Orlando Pride have three players each while Reign FC and the

TagsWNT Morgan Brian Abby Dahlkemper Alex Morgan Crystal Dunn Samantha Mewis Mallory Pugh Julie Johnston Tierna Davidson Megan Rapinoe Kelley Ohara Becky Sauerbrunn Adrianna Franch Alyssa Naeher Ashlyn Harris Ali Krieger

Lindsey Horan Christen Press Tobin Heath Carli Lloyd

Rose Lavelle Jessica Mcdonald 2019 FIFA Womens World Cup

USWNT vs Chile 6 16 2019 USWNT vs. Sweden - 6/20/2019

International career.:Senior national team, 2009–present.

On July 12, 2016, Harris was named an alternate for the 2016 Olympic Games. Following Hope Solo's suspension after the 2016 Olympics, Harris along with Alyssa Naeher were competing for the U.S. WNT number one keeper spot. Naeher and Harris split the remaining games of 2016 equally.
 In 2017 Harris started one game at the 2017 SheBelieves Cup and the Naeher started two. As 2017 progressed, Naeher emerged as the number one keeper for the U.S., and got most of the starts in goal. Due to a quad injury sustained in May, Harris only appeared in 3 games for the U.S in 2017.
 In 2018 Harris remained as the back-up keeper to Alyssa Naeher. She was named to the final 20 player roster for the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship.


The ICC announced their team of the tournament on 15 July 2019 with Kane Williamson being named as player of the tournament and captain of the team.

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The twelfth edition of the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup had some remarkably consistent performers over seven weeks.

Here are eleven of the best, making our star-studded team of the tournament, led by Kane Williamson, the New Zealand skipper

Ranked second in the MRF Tyres ICC ODI Batting Rankings, Rohit Sharma had a record-breaking World Cup, showing why he's one of the most feared batsman in limited-overs cricket.

The right-handed opener notched up a match-winning, unbeaten century in India's opening game against South Africa, and followed it with four more three-digit scores, including back to back ones against England, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Rohit's five centuries are now the most ever by a batsman in a single World Cup, beating Kumar Sangakkara's tally of four, which he made in successive games in 2015.

In the absence of his regular opening partner Shikhar Dhawan, who was ruled out due to thumb injury, Rohit led the Indian batting with 648 runs in nine innings - the highest in the tournament - and threatened to break Sachin Tendulkar's all-time World Cup record of 673 runs, which he achieved in the 2003 edition.

The England opener had a decisive impact on his team's result in a manner unlike anyone else in the tournament.

Roy instilled a much-needed sense of energy in his team, after they lost back-to-back games to Sri Lanka and Australia, when Roy was sidelined due to hamstring injury.

His impact was felt in England's must-win games, against India and New Zealand in the round-robin, and against Australia in the semi-final, as he stitched together three successive century stands with his opening partner Jonny Bairstow.

Having scored 443 runs from seven innings at an impressive strike-rate of 115.36, Roy forms a formidable opening partnership with Rohit Sharma in this XI.

CWC19: Jason Roy – The unstoppable opener

The bedrock of New Zealand's batting right through the tournament, Williamson was an immovable object at the crease and an astute captain, who impressed with his tactical nous.

The New Zealand captain completes the formidable top order in this XI, with his solidity and reliability, and also leads the team of the tournament.

Williamson scored 578 runs at an impressive average of 82.57 and emerged as the Player of the Tournament.

His ability to extract the best from his players and leading from the front makes him the perfect man to lead the World Cup XI.

CWC19: WI v NZ - Williamson's sublime 148

England's run machine over the years, Joe Root was the glue that held their famed batting together through the tournament.

The Yorkshire batsman finished as the fifth highest run-scorer of the tournament, with 556 runs from 11 innings.

Root's flawless technique and ability to keep the scoreboard moving by rotating the strike and finding the boundaries as and when required makes him a perfect No.4 in this line-up.

CWC19: ENG v WI - Highlights of Root's 100*

Bangladesh's torch-bearer in this World Cup, Shakib is an automatic entrant into the best XI.

Arguably the most valuable player of the 2019 World Cup, Shakib excelled both with bat and ball as he became the first cricketer to ever achieve the double of 500 runs and 10 wickets in a single edition of the tournament.

The top-ranked player in the MRF Tyres ICC All-rounder Rankings excelled as a No.3 batsman for Bangladesh, finishing with 606 runs at a staggering average of 86.57, but occupies the No.5 position in this side, given the quality of the top order.

CWC19: WI v BAN - Highlights of Shakib Al Hasan's 124*

The England all-rounder set the tournament on fire with his breathtaking catch to dismiss Andile Phehlukwayo in the opener against South Africa, after a match-defining innings of 89 earlier in the day.

Known for his grit and fighting spirit, Stokes stood tall during the tough times for England, scoring 82* and 89 after top-order failures against Sri Lanka and Australia.

He was at it again in the final, standing between New Zealand and the trophy, and eventually put in a match-defining performance, first in regulation time, and then in the Super Over.

Along with his skilful medium-pace bowling, Stokes brings great value to this team, as a second all-rounder, alongside Shakib.

CWC19: Eng v SA – Stokes defies logic to grab a stunner in the deep

The 2019 World Cup featured some of the finest wicket-keeper batsmen of this era in MS Dhoni and Jos Buttler, not to forget the promising Shai Hope and Mushfiqur Rahim.

Yet, it was Alex Carey, playing for the first time in the tournament, who grabbed eyeballs with his consistent performances.

With his team down at 92/5 against Trans Tasman rivals New Zealand, Carey backed his instincts, scoring a steady 72-ball 71 - an innings of immense skills and staggering fortitude.

He showed his fighting spirit in the semi-final clash against England as well, when he made a 70-ball 46 after being hit by a Jofra Archer bouncer that cut open his jaw early in his innings.

Carey finished the tournament with 375 runs from nine innings.

CWC19: NZ v AUS - Alex Carey batting highlights

Player of the Tournament in the previous edition, Mitchell Starc brought fierce pace and immaculate discipline to once again be his team's most lethal weapon with the ball.

Starc finished with 27 wickets from 10 matches - an all-time World Cup record, surpassing Glenn McGrath's tally of 26 wickets in the 2007 edition.

The tall-left arm pacer produced match-defining spells on a consistent basis and proved to be effective in every phase of the game.

Nissan POTD - Starc dismisses Stokes with an outstanding inswinging yorker

The Barbados-born pacer had an instant impact on the hosts' bowling line-up, with his aggressive brand of new-ball bowling.

A smooth and rhythmic run-up, natural pace, and immaculate discipline were the most striking characteristics of Archer's bowling.

Sharing the new ball with the experienced Chris Woakes and shouldering the responsibility of bowling tough overs at the death, Archer excelled on both fronts, finishing as the joint-third highest wicket-taker, with 20 scalps to his name.

CWC19: ENG v BAN - Jofra Archer's brutal 3/29

While New Zealand's new-ball combination of Trent Boult and Matt Henry launched salvos, Lockie Ferguson stood apart as their strike bowler.

With his raw pace and hard-hitting lengths, Ferguson troubled some of the top batsman in the World Cup, such as Faf du Plessis, David Warner and Steve Smith and finished with 21 wickets - the second highest in the tournament - from nine matches.

CWC19: NZ v SA - Ferguson bowls du Plessis with a brilliant yorker

Hailed by former New Zealand skipper Brendon McCullum as "the best all-format bowler" in world cricket, Bumrah personified precision, hitting consistent lines and lengths with the efficiency of a metronome.

The top-ranked bowler in MRF Tyres ICC ODI Rankings, Bumrah controlled one end, which often resulted in his partners reaping dividends at the other end.

Bumrah picked up 18 wickets in the tournament and became the second-fastest Indian bowler to complete 100 wickets in ODIs.

CWC19: How Jasprit Bumrah became one of the most feared fast bowlers in the world

Boult was impressive as ever with his pace and accuracy, especially with the trademark in-swinging yorker.

He was responsible for one of two hat-tricks in this year's tournament, snaring it at the hallowed turf at Lord's, against Australia, and took 17 scalps in all to finish second on New Zealand's wicket charts.

However, despite his spectacular performances through the tournament, New Zealand's pace spearhead finds himself as the 12th man in this world-beating team.

##### 'He's added a different dynamic' – Root excited by what Archer offers

##### 'Test format suits my game' – Rahkeem Cornwall chuffed at maiden call-up

##### 'I had that hunger' – Karunaratne cherishes tough hundred

##### Steve Smith hopes to play third Test, but quick turnaround is a hurdle


One of the main focuses of the project was to improve the underground storm drain system of stormwater collected from eight northwest communities, including Silver Springs and Varsity.

(meta data) TITLE: Dale Hodges Park — O2 Planning + Design

Client The City of Calgary Location Calgary | Alberta | Canada

The riparian, floodplain and upland ecosystems of the Bow River Valley are among the most important natural features in Calgary.

The City of Calgary's acquisition of the former Klippert gravel pit, located along the northern bank of the Bow River and now within Bowmont Park (renamed Dale Hodges Park), presented an outstanding opportunity restore native riparian habitats and bring people back to the river through recreation and park amenities.

An additional primary focus was the treatment of stormwater prior to entering into the river.

A team comprised of O2, Source 2 Source Inc., Sans Facon for Watershed+ and AECOM worked collaboratively to transform the site.

Structured around a series of designed aquatic and upland habitats, the flow of water within the park begins in the upstream residential communities where runoff travels through pipes before daylighting in the park.

The aquatic journey within the park expresses the integration of water engineering, public art, landscape architecture and ecological design.

The forms of the water structures and landforms are inspired by natural river morphology as well as hydrologic and sedimentation processes.

O2 and S2S sculpted polishing marshes and wet meadows, their forms inspired by anabranches or river scrolls.

The scrolling forms in the landscape enhance filtration, create diverse habitats, and provide more depth to store water when necessary.

The network of pathways and boardwalks mimic and contrast these forms: visitors can read the river's story over time.

The final outflow stream discharges to an important trout habitat area, designed to serve as refuge during river flood conditions.

The project has received numerous local and national awards for its innovative approaches to integrating stormwater management, public art, and public spaces along the banks of a dynamic river.

Photographs courtesy of Wilco Southwest.

A City of Calgary press release described the Park as a "one-of-a-kind", "beautiful stormwater treatment facility" that filters and treats stormwater through a combination of natural and man-made processes.


According to the CDC, rapid diagnostic tests have a sensitivity of 50–75% and specificity of 90–95% when compared with viral culture.

(meta data) TITLE: Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Influenza: Information for Clinical Laboratory Directors

| Health Professionals | Seasonal Influenza (Flu)

Starting in 1996, Alexa Internet has been donating their crawl data to the Internet Archive.

Flowing in every day, these data are added to the Wayback Machine after an embargo period.

The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20160116154455/http://www.cdc.gov:80/flu/professionals/diagnosis/rapidlab.htm

# Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Influenza: Information for Clinical Laboratory Directors

Information for Clinical Laboratory Directors

Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Influenza Table 1: Influenza Virus Testing Methods Table 2: Characteristics of Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests

The availability and use of influenza rapid diagnostic tests by laboratories and clinics have substantially increased in recent years.

Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) are screening tests for influenza virus infection.

They can provide results within 30 minutes.

More than 10 RIDTs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (see Influenza Diagnostic Table).

Some rapid influenza diagnostic tests utilize an analyzer reader device to standardize result interpretation.

One RIDT that uses an analyzer device is an immunoassay

One rapid immunofluorescence assay uses an analyzer device

RIDTs differ in some important respects:

Some can identify influenza A and B viruses and distinguish between them in respiratory specimens.

Some can identify influenza A and B viruses but cannot distinguish between them in respiratory specimens.

Some tests are waived from requirements under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA).

Most tests can be used with a variety of respiratory specimen types (see Influenza Diagnostic Table), but the accuracy of the tests can vary based on the type of specimen collected (for example throat swab versus nasal swab).

FDA approval is based upon specific specimen types.

RIDTs vary in terms of sensitivity and specificity when compared with viral culture or RT-PCR.

Product insert information and research publications indicate that:

Specimens to be used with RIDTs generally should be collected as close as is possible to the start of symptoms (e.g., less than 4 days after illness onset).

In very young children, influenza viruses can be shed for longer periods; therefore, in some instances, testing for a few days after this period may still detect influenza viruses.

Immunosuppressed persons may have detectable influenza viruses in respiratory specimens for prolonged periods (weeks to months).

##### Predictive Value Depends Upon Prevalence

The positive and negative predictive values vary considerably depending upon the prevalence of influenza (level of influenza activity) in the patient population being tested.

False-positive (and true-negative) influenza test results are more likely to occur when disease prevalence is low, which is generally at the beginning and end of the influenza season.

False-negative (and true-positive) influenza test results are more likely to occur when disease prevalence is high, which is typically at the height of the influenza season.

##### Clinical Considerations of Testing When Influenza Prevalence is Low

When influenza prevalence is relatively low, the positive predictive value (PPV) is low and false-positive test results are more likely.

By contrast, when influenza prevalence is low, the negative predictive value (NPV) is high, and negative results are more likely to be true.

The false pos. rate is the number of false positives/number of total positives, or 1-PPV.

The interpretation of positive results should take into account the clinical characteristics of the case and the prevalence of influenza in the patient population being tested (e.g., level of influenza activity in the community).

If an important clinical decision is affected by the test result, the rapid test result should be confirmed by another test, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

##### Clinical Considerations of Testing When Influenza Prevalence Is High

When influenza prevalence is relatively high, the NPV is low and false-negative test results are more likely.

When influenza prevalence is high, the PPV is high and positive results are more likely to be true.

The false neg. rate is the number of false negatives/number of total positives, or 1-NPV.

The interpretation of negative results should take into account the clinical characteristics of the patient and the prevalence of influenza in the patient population being tested (e.g., level of influenza activity in the community).

If an important clinical decision is affected by the test result and influenza is still suspected, then the rapid test result should be confirmed by another test, such as RT-PCR.

Many factors should be considered when selecting a test, including the following:

Tests with high sensitivity and specificity will provide higher positive and negative predictive values.

Types of specimens that provide the most accurate results.

Information about these characteristics can be found in product inserts and scientific articles, and by contacting the manufacturers.

##### Changes in Recommended Procedures Can Affect Test Results

Modification by the user can affect test performances and increase false-positive and/or false-negative rates.

Using specimens for which the test is not optimized

Using swabs that did not come with the rapid test kits [unless recommended (see package insert for specific instructions)].

##### When Is Use of Rapid Diagnostic Tests Beneficial?

Testing during an outbreak of acute respiratory disease can determine if influenza is the cause.

During influenza season, testing of selected patients presenting with acute respiratory illnesses compatible with influenza can help establish whether influenza is present in a specific patient population and help health-care providers determine how to use their clinical judgment for diagnosing and treating respiratory illness.

(Testing need not be done for all patients.)

Otherwise, RIDTs do not address the public health need for influenza virus isolates that can only be obtained through the collection of specimens for viral culture.

Influenza virus isolates are essential for determining the match between circulating influenza virus strains and those virus strains contained in the vaccine and for aiding in the selection of new vaccine strains.

##### Table 1: Influenza Virus Testing Methods

Viral tissue cell culture (conventional; yields live virus)

NP4 swab, throat swab, NP2 or bronchial wash, nasal or endotracheal aspirate, sputum

Rapid cell culture (shell vials; cell mixtures; yields live virus)

Immunofluorescence, Direct (DFA) or Indirect (IFA) Florescent Antibody Staining [antigen detection]

NP4 swab or wash, bronchial wash, nasal or endotracheal aspirate

RT-PCR5 (singleplex and multiplex; real-time and other RNA-based) and other molecular assays [influenza viral RNA or nucleic acid detection]

Rapid Molecular Assay [influenza viral RNA or nucleic acid detection]

Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests6 (antigen detection)

NP4 swab, (throat swab), nasal wash, nasal aspirate

Serologic (antibody detection) testing is not recommended for routine patient diagnosis.

Ref: Leland, et al. 2007, Clin Micro Rev 20: 49-78.

Approved respiratory specimens vary among FDA cleared influenza assays.

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, including FDA-approved test systems, reference laboratory testing using ASR or lab-developed reagents

Chromatographic- and/or fluorescence-based lateral flow and membrane-based immunoassays

Rapid molecular assays can provide results in less than 30 minutes.

Alere i Influenza A&B was FDA cleared for use with both nasal swabs (direct) and NP or nasal swabs in VTM.

It was CLIA-waived for use with nasal swabs (direct) only.

Roche Cobas Influenza A/B was cleared and CLIA-waived by FDA for use with nasopharyngeal swabs only.

##### Table 2: Characteristics of Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests (Antigen Detection Only)1

BD Veritor™ System for Rapid Detection of Flu A+B4 (CLIA-waived),

BD Veritor™ System for Rapid Detection of Flu A+B4 (Moderately Complex), (Becton Dickinson & Co.)

LifeSign LLC Status Flu A&B (Princeton BioMedtech Corp.)

ClearView Exact II Influenza A&B Test or

Print-friendly Version PDF [214 KB, 3 pages]

List may not include all test kits approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Approved respiratory specimens according to manufacturer's package insert.

Note that test performance may vary if other respiratory specimens are used.

Distinguishes between influenza A and B virus infections.

Does not distinguish between influenza A and B virus infections when used alone.

Disclaimer: Use of trade names or commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Department of Health and Human Services.

How do I view different file formats (PDF, DOC, PPT, MPEG) on this site?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Signs and symptoms.:Symptoms of influenza.

It can be difficult to distinguish between the common cold and influenza in the early stages of these infections. Influenza symptoms are a mixture of symptoms of common cold and pneumonia, body ache, headache, and fatigue. Diarrhea is not usually a symptom of influenza in adults, although it has been seen in some human cases of the H5N1 "bird flu" and can be a symptom in children. The symptoms most reliably seen in influenza are shown in the adjacent table.
 The specific combination of fever and cough has been found to be the best predictor; diagnostic accuracy increases with a body temperature above 38°C (100.4°F). Two decision analysis studies suggest that "during local outbreaks" of influenza, the prevalence will be over 70%. Even in the absence of a local outbreak, diagnosis may be justified in the elderly during the influenza season as long as the prevalence is over 15%.
 The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) maintains an up-to-date summary of available laboratory tests.


The school's original Anglo Saxon motto, "Nyle ye drede", means "fear nothing" and is adopted by the school as a whole.

(meta data) TITLE: Girls' Schools Association | Sydenham High School GDST - Girls' Schools Association

Find out about upcoming open day events here

Sydenham High School, GDST, is an independent day school for girls aged 4-18 years.

Founded in 1887, by the Girls' Public Day School Trust, we pride ourselves on enriching young minds in a way that will endure a lifetime.

The Senior School at Sydenham High School is particularly distinctive and the girls and the staff are immensely proud of their school.

Everyone remarks on the warm, friendly, and ambitious feel to the Senior School and the genuine sense of community and belonging.

The school's original Anglo Saxon motto, 'Nyle ye Drede', means 'Fear nothing' and underpins all that we do.

Sydenham High is selective but diverse, welcoming girls with wide-ranging talents and backgrounds into a close community that is large enough to offer choice and flexibility but compact enough to ensure that no girl is overlooked.

As a high achieving school, we strive to ensure that every girl reaches, or exceeds, her potential by offering exceptional learning opportunities which harness individual strengths.

Girls at Sydenham High are not just academically successful; they are ambitious, open-minded and possess the necessary self-belief to outstrip all expectations.

They are also well rounded, happy, down to earth, and much more besides.

Above all, our school is simply bursting with warmth, creativity, talent and, excellence in all that we do.

Our declared aim is for every student to reach her fullest potential.

We are selective but diverse, welcoming girls with wide-ranging backgrounds and abilities into a close community that is large enough to offer choice and flexibility but compact enough to ensure that every student is valued.

We develop girls' intellects, fire their imaginations and challenge their talents.

In particular, Our Aspire (Year 7 & 8) and Stretch (Year 12) programmes aim to provide experiences for students to stretch and challenge themselves and develop skills beyond the classroom.

The structure of the GDST also provides opportunities for girls to meet, learn and compete with their peers across the Trust's 25 schools and academies.

We have an excellent reputation for helping bright girls with mild specific learning difficulties, such as dyslexia, to thrive in an academically selective school.

There is a dedicated unit staffed by specialists who provide support to both girls and their parents throughout their school career.

Every girl is assessed and has a personalised learning approach that she, her parents and her teachers understand.

Our approach is always to teach girls the coping strategies that will enable them to overcome their specific barriers to learning.

Girls learn in the same lessons as other students but may drop Latin in Year 8 to take communications skills lessons.

Scholarships awarded at age 11: academic plus one each for music, drama, art and sports.

Means-tested bursaries for talented pupils at year 7 and 12 who would not otherwise be able to attend the school.

School TypePre-Prep, Prep, Junior, Senior, Sixth Form

Exams 16+A Levels, Extended Project Qualification (EPQ)

Prep School: £4,387 per term or £13,161 annually

Senior School: £5,579 per term or £16,737 annually

Sydenham High School15 & 19 Westwood HillSydenhamLondonSE26 6BL

Sydenham High School is an independent school for 4- to 18-year-old girls located in London, England. Sydenham High School was founded by the Girls’ Public Day School Trust in 1887.   Since then, the original school of 20 pupils has been transformed into a school of 600 girls. The school is separated into the senior and junior schools, each with a separate site located close to one another on Westwood Hill, Sydenham.
 In April 1934, the school moved to Horner Grange, a former house built for diamond magnate William Knight in 1884, where he lived until his death in 1900. The premises subsequently became a hotel before the school bought the freehold. It was damaged by fire in 1997, but the building was restored.


In 1943, Sir John gave the house and grounds to the National Trust, on condition that he and his descendants could continue living in the house.

(meta data) TITLE: Introducing the Dashwood Baronets | National Trust

Portrait of Sir Francis Dashwood on display at West Wycombe Park

A baronet is the holder of a hereditary baronetcy awarded by the British Crown.

A baronetcy is the only hereditary honour which is not a peerage.

A baronet is styled "Sir" like a knight, but ranks above all knighthoods except for the Order of the Garter (and the Order of the Thistle in Scotland).

Baron and baronet are both titles of nobility, but they are different.

The rank of baron is the lowest in the peerage.

The term baronet has medieval origins and Edward III is known to have created eight English baronets in 1328.

However, as a result of the Union of England and Scotland in 1707, all future baronetcies were styled as baronets of Great Britain.

The first of these baronets was Sir Francis Dashwood, a merchant and an Alderman of London.

He was the son of Francis Dashwood, an alderman of the City of London, and Alice Sleigh.

Francis was a successful London merchant importing silk and other luxury goods through the East India Company.

He was knighted in 1702 and became the sole owner of the West Wycombe Estate in 1706 when he bought out his brother's half share in the estate.

Sir Francis was MP for Winchelsea between 1708 and 1712.

He died on 4 November 1724 at Hanover Square in London.

Sir Francis was born in December 1708 at Westminster.

He was the son of Sir Francis, 1st Bt. and his second wife, Lady Mary Fane.

Only 16 when he inherited his father's estate, Sir Francis was sent on a Grand Tour of Europe which aroused in him a passion for classical Italian art and architecture (as well as an appetite for high living and extreme devotional practices of the Roman church).

Sir Francis co-founded the Dilettanti Society with the aim of promoting knowledge and understanding of classical art and taste in England.

Sir Francis championed many of the society's activities which led to shaping the vision of his famous development of West Wycombe Park in the neo-classical style.

He married Sarah Ellys, a wealthy widow, and Sarah's money funded many of Sir Francis' developments at the park.

Sir Francis was MP for New Romney and Weymouth and he was named Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Bute ministry of 1762.

In that year he entered the House of Lords as Lord Le Despencer and subsequently proved himself an excellent joint-Postmaster General – a post he held from 1766 until his death.

At that time, Benjamin Franklin held a similar position in the Colonies.

He became a close friend of Sir Francis and was a frequent visitor to West Wycombe.

Maybe as an escape from his political duties, Sir Francis found an outlet with the formation of the Hell-Fire Club (more properly known as the 'Monks of Medmenham').

The society took the form of a mock religious order, the activities of which have been very much exaggerated but elaborate mock religious ceremonial, drinking and free love may well have played some part in their meetings.

Sir Francis died on 11 December 1781, with no legitimate heir.

## Sir John Dashwood-King, Third Baronet

He was the son of Sir Francis, 1st Bt. and his third wife, Lady Mary King.

Sir John was baptised with the name of John Dashwood but in 1742 his name was legally changed to John Dashwood-King by Act of Parliament.

He graduated in 1753 with a Bachelor of Civil Law and was MP for Bishop's Castle between 1753 and 1756.

In 1761 he married Sarah Moore a descendant of John Milton – the source of several Milton relics at West Wycombe Park – and they had three children.

Sir John succeeded to the title of 3rd Baronet on 11 December 1781 but was over 60 when he inherited and he actually spent very little time at West Wycombe.

Sir John was born in 1765 the son of Sir John, 3rd Bt. and Sarah Moore.

He married Mary Anne Broadhead on 29 August 1789 and they had five sons and two daughters.

He succeeded to the title of 4th Baronet on 6 December 1793 and was MP for Wycombe between 1796 and 1831.

Sir John, 4th Bt. is chiefly remembered as a keen huntsman and on his inheritance he established a pack of hounds at West Wycombe Park.

Rumours of his wife's affair with the Prince of Wales led to an unhappy marriage and he died alone in 1849 in lodgings in Baker Street, London.

## Sir George Henry Dashwood, Fifth Baronet

He was the son of Sir John, 4th Bt. and Mary Anne Broadhead.

Unlike his father, Sir George loved West Wycombe into which he moved after his marriage to his cousin Elizabeth Broadhead in 1823.

Sir George held the office of MP for Buckinghamshire between 1832 and 1835 and MP for Wycombe from 1837 to 1862.

He succeeded to the title of 5th Baronet on 22 October 1849 and shortly after embarked on a campaign of refurbishment of West Wycombe which had scarcely been touched since the death of Sir Francis, 2nd Bt.

Sir George died in 1862 without issue, leaving his widow with a life tenancy on the house.

She was to live at West Wycombe for a further 27 years.

## Sir John Richard Dashwood, Sixth Baronet

Sir John was born in 1792 and was the younger brother of Sir George, 5th Bt. but he never actually lived at West Wycombe and he died in 1863, the year after he inherited the title of 6th Baronet.

## Sir Edwin Hare Dashwood, Seventh Baronet

Sir Edwin was born in 1825 and was the nephew of Sir George, 5th Bt.

He emigrated to New Zealand in 1848 and in 1852 married Roberta Henrietta Abercomby.

He inherited as 7th Baronet in 1863 but was unable to move into West Wycombe house as it was still occupied by the Dowager Lady Elizabeth.

## Sir Edwin Abercromby Dashwood, Eighth Baronet

He was the son of Sir Edwin, 7th Bt. and Roberta Abercomby.

He succeeded to the title of the 8th Baronet on 8 May 1882.

He married Florence Norton on 24 August 1889 and they had one child, Florence Emily Dashwood.

Sir Edwin lived in New Zealand until the death of the Dowager LadyDashwood in 1889.

On moving to West Wycombe he found the estate in a very parlous state and to pay Lady Dashwood's executors Sir Edwin mortgaged the estate but he died suddenly, shortly afterward, in 1893.

## Sir Robert John Dashwood, Ninth Baronet

He married Clara Adelaide Ida Conyers Lindsay on 25 July 1893 and succeeded to the title of 9th Baronet on 7 April 1893.

He held the offices of Member of the Buckinghamshire County Council and Justice of the Peace for Buckinghamshire.

Sir Robert was the younger brother of Sir Edwin, 8th Bt.

He continually struggled with the mortgage, debts and court cases emanating from the Dowage Lady Dashwood's legacy and died suddenly, like his brother, in 1908 aged 49.

## Sir John Lindsay Dashwood, Tenth Baronet

He was the son of Sir Robert, 9th Bt. and Clara Lindsay.

He was educate at Wellington College and Magdalen College, Oxford.

Sir John succeeded to the title of 10th Baronet when he was just 13.

He fought in the First World War and gained the rank of Acting Major in the Tank Corps and Flight Lieutenant in the No. 902 (Middlesex) Balloon Squadron, Auxiliary Air Force.

Sir John Lindsay Dashwood, Tenth Baronet

In 1919 Sir John returned from the war to a very much neglected West Wycombe which continued to be crippled by the 8th Baronet's mortgage and debts.

He decided to sell the estate but the sale was cancelled though much of the contents of the house were sold.

Sir John married Helen Moira Eaton on 20 December 1922 and it was largely due to her determination that the house was kept and made habitable.

In 1929, Sir John sold the entire village of West Wycombe to the Royal Society of Arts which handed it over to the National Trust in 1934.

In 1925, he gave West Wycombe hill (excluding the mausoleum) to the National Trust and in September 1943 West Wycombe Park was accepted by the National Trust on the condition that the family could remain living in the house.

## Sir Francis John Vernon Hereward Dashwood, Eleventh Baronet

He was the son of Sir John, 10th Bt. and Helen Eaton.

Sir Francis was educated at Eton College and graduated from Christ Church College, Oxford in 1948 with a Bachelor of Arts and in 1953 with a Master of Arts.

He graduated from Harvard Business School and was a successful business man, fluent in Russian.

He held the offices of Member of the Buckinghamshire County Council between 1951 and 1952 and High Sheriff of Buckinghamshire in 1976.

Sir Francis John Vernon Hereward Dashwood, Eleventh Baronet

Sir Francis succeeded to the title of 11th Baronet on 9 July 1966, but prior to the death of his father he had already restored the Hell-Fire Caves as a tourist attraction and been instrumental is introducing an number of improvements to West Wycombe House.

In 1957, he married Victoria de Rutzen and the couple dedicated themselves to restoring the house and park according to the designs and vision of Sir Francis, 2nd Bt..

Victoria died in 1976 and the following year Sir Francis married Marcella Scarafia an Italian film actress, and the work of restoring the estate continued.

In 1987, Sir Francis published a family history and autobiography "The Dashwoods of West Wycombe".

## Sir Edward John Francis Dashwood, Twelfth Baronet

Sir Edward John Francis Dashwood, Twelfth Baronet

Sir Edward was born on 25 September 1964.

He is the son of Sir Francis, 11th Bt. and Victoria de Rutzen.

He married Lucinda Nell Miesegaes and they have three children.

Sir Edward was educated at Eton College and graduated from Reading University with a Bachelor of Science degree.

He is registered as a Professional Associate of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.

He succeeded to the title of 12th Baronet on 9 March 2000.

## Discover more atWest Wycombe Park, Village and Hill

Visit West Wycombe Park, Village and Hill

He received only one offer, of £10,000 (£581,000 in 2022), so the house was withdrawn from sale. Forced to live in a house he disliked, the village of West Wycombe was sold in its entirety to pay for renovations. Not all these renovations were beneficial: painted 18th century ceilings were overpainted white, and the dining room was divided into service rooms, allowing the large service wing to be abandoned to rot.
 A form of salvation for West Wycombe was Sir John's wife: Lady Dashwood, the former Helen Eaton, a Canadian and sister of American novelist Evelyn Eaton, was a socialite who loved entertaining, and did so in some style at West Wycombe throughout the 1930s. Living a semi-estranged life from her husband, occupying opposite ends of the mansion, she frequently gave "large and stylish" house parties.
 During World War II, the house saw service as a depository for the evacuated Wallace Collection and a convalescent home. A troop of gunners occupied the decaying service wing, and the park was used for the inflation of barrage balloons. During this turmoil, the Dashwoods retreated to the upper floor and took in lodgers to pay the bills, albeit very superior lodgers, who included Nancy Mitford and James Lees-Milne, who was secretary of the Country House Committee of the National Trust and instrumental in the Trust's acquisition of many such houses.


It has educated many players who have become regulars in the Bundesliga and Germany.

(meta data) TITLE: The Bayern Munich Academy Way

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/TheseFootballTimes

For one club, ascendency includes 27 domestic league titles, 18 DFB-Pokal titles and six German Super Cup titles.

But in what form does dominance reveal itself?

Five European Cups, one UEFA Cup, one Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, two Intercontinental Cups and one Club World Cup.

Bayern, long one of German and world football's goliaths, has entered a phase of unprecedented success in domestic and continental football, and as a global brand.

The Bavarian giants share a common modus operandi with the world's elite football clubs – and then some.

For a club so synonymous with German footballing lore, Bayern Munich the club literally embodies football development.

In 1963, when the regional Oberligas combined and consolidated to form the Bundesliga, Bayern were not among the five teams from the Oberliga Süd (Oberliga South) to enter the Bundesliga as another Munich team.

TSV 1860 München, captured the championship.

A mere two years later, in 1963, they gained promotion with some exceptional young players like Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller, Peter Kupferschmidt, Rainer Ohlhauser, Rudolf Nafziger and Sepp Maier.

Excellence is no accident and Bayern Munich has set the standard in total player development.

It comes as no surprise that Bayern, a club that boasts a rich history of success on the field at the senior level, understands the intricacies of building from the ground-up.

The development that takes place at the Säbener Strasse youth academy extends far beyond football drills.

At any given time, the Bayern academy has approximately 170-190 players in the youth program.

A club that has produced the likes of Bastian Schweinsteiger, Markus Babbel, Holger Badstuber, Dietmar Hamann, Philipp Lahm, Mats Hummels, Toni Kroos, Thomas Müller, Emre Can and David Alaba champions its cause to be the most successful club domestically whilst providing the bulk of the talent in the national side ranks at every age group.

Matthias Sammer, former sporting director at Bayern, understands the reality of the global game: "In football, it's not about egos, it's about success.

Based on my experience, German football needs to grasp very quickly that we simply cannot use a standard approach when it comes to dealing with players."

Bayern Munich's philosophy typifies qualities like excellence, perfection, attention to detail, unity, diversity and innovation.

The club motto, Mia san Mia, translates to 'We are who we are' and in football there is perhaps no greater truth.

Teams, players and coaches are defined by style but ultimately remembered by results.

Bayern's dominance starts from the groundwork at the academy.

In 1995, Karl-Heinz Rumminegge and Uli Hoeness set out to restructure the standard of football played at Bayern Munich and in doing so came to the prophetic realisation that the best academies in the world train their core players instead of just buying new ones.

Tharealisationon accomplished two defining principles that have both allowed Bayern to not only rise to the top, but stay there as well.

The first concept was fiscal responsibility.

It simply makes better business sense to develop talent rather than depend on development schemes and systems from other clubs to create a player that fit the club's needs.

Secondly, Die Roten realised that to dominate domestic and European football, it needed players who were groomed to be technically and tactically adept while playing the Bayern Munich way; it means living and breathing the club's tradition, philosophy, and mentality on and off the pitch.

The new era of youth development at Bayern is the culmination of some of the best coaches, technical directors, and players in German football.

In the early-2000s, when German football hit rock bottom and revamped its national program and initiative, Bayern Munich's director of youth football, Werner Kern, was not shy in vision for building establishing one of the best football academies in the world: "In order to establish the best football education it must have the best of everything: the best coaches, the best team environment, the best age-oriented challenges, the best training conditions and equipment."

It should be duly noted that Germany's ascension to the pinnacle of the game coincides with the Bayern Munich's revamped system.

Such visions into total football development mirror those of other football clubs noted for their unique and successful methodology for player development like Ajax and Barcelona.

At Bayern, players are scouted first in the region surrounding Munich and then in the rest of the southern portion of the country.

The goal is to attract and retain local talent before the search is extended.

The club also uses Talent Day, a mass weekend tryout for admission into the academy.

Evaluations are rigorous, involving 500 players from all over Germany and the world; seven players from that group will make it to the Bayern Munich Junior Team.

Current manager of the Bayern Munich junior team, Wolfgang Dremmler – another former Bayern star – asks the pertinent questions and details the procedure for such an event: "Does the boy put his heart and soul into his football?

How good is his movement, how are his skills in terms of coordination?

It's quite easy to recognize things like that.

You see it during the games, exactly how a boy conducts himself and the energy he puts in.

"We don't specifically test any technical skills – no one has to go dribbling through cones.

We just let the kids play, with or without a goalkeeper, without a dead-ball line – just like it is in the streets.

There is nothing to win and there are no trophies to hand out.

Fun, emotion and desire are the only things that matter."

Players in the academy play age-appropriate football.

The youngest groups, under-7 to under-10, play on condensed pitches in seven-a-side formations.

Goalkeepers are made to play in small-sided matches to increase their technical proficiency and confidence with the ball at their feet.

To create complete players, youngsters are made to play a variety of positions while learning the fundamentals of the game well before any tactical implementation takes place.

At this level, teams often set up in a 2-3-1-1 formation.

At Bayern, the belief is a player must be able to play well enough without tactical rigidity if he has any hope of playing within a tactical framework.

At the under-12 level, 11-v-11 is played and the sides deploy a 4-3-3 formation.

At the under-15 level, players who live far from the training ground will join residency.

During residency at Säbener Strasse, players continue their formal academic education and have access to the physiotherapists, doctors, staff, and other teams within the club structure.

At this level, the players will continue to play the type of football expected of them from the senior team and as a result, this is the transitioning point where development goes from bottom-up to top-down.

Players must look to play possession-based football and constant movement and is the standard.

The barometer for quality is seldom the scoreline, but rather the style and fluidity of the football on display.

Efficiency is trained into the players to eliminate needless and reckless running.

The team operates as unit as players understand their role is to serve the team over themselves.

Passes are counted, consistent with the modern belief that 10 to 15 passes must be made to start an attack from the back through the midfield.

Ball circulation has become a staple of Bayern Munich's football and possession is the team's best form of defence and attack.

When the ball is lost, the team presses to recover possession and begins circulating the ball and probing for attacking opportunities.

Training is age-specific but the competition for the young sides is often against older teams to provide a comprehensive and challenging competitive environment for players in Bayern's youth system to compete against each year.

Another aspect is the hyper-organization the club uses to categorize players in a multitude of competencies.

Players are identified as leaders, role players (who can play a variety of positions with proficiency), and squad players.

Part of the categorising exercise is to assess the targeted growth plans for each age division, each position, and as an individual – all while using one system of play consistent with senior team so there are no surprises when players are integrated into the first team.

The three-pronged approach ensures complete and holistic development.

A player who falls short of being able to excel in his development will likely not succeed at Bayern, however that player will be successful elsewhere, which is a success for the club, too.

It does neither the club nor the player any good to be retained if the player will not play.

This meticulous approach also guarantees players are part of the machine.

Players fit the system; the system does not fit the player.

As such, individualized coaching is provided for each player as they are ultimately investments.

Coaches analyze character, footballing ability, capacity to learn complex systems of play, growth potential, the ability to handle difficulty while absorbing skills, honing technique, and maximizing a player's mental and athletic output.

Part of the evaluation process is personality testing where players are assessed in areas including confidence, sensitivity, arrogance and humility.

To succeed at Bayern Munich, players must balance the pressure of playing for the Bavarian giants while performing under the scrutiny that comes with being a part of one of world football's giant clubs.

On the footballing front, the education Bayern instils in its players revolves around versatility, intelligence, technical and physical dominance on the pitch.

Players have access to the senior team's training session and see how the players under Pep Guardiola's tutelage operate and carry themselves.

The intention is to show them what the finished product looks like.

Youth players often join the senior team in training camps.

"They need to take a chance, don't be scared and go for it.

They've got fully involved, they're improving day-by-day and have integrated really well.

Integration on its own isn't enough to make it.

You've got to do more as a young player."

The approach is certainly working at Germany's premier football club.

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The FC Bayern Munich Junior Team is the youth academy for German football club Bayern Munich. The Junior Team was created in 1902 and restructured in 1995.


The next day, the ZDF issued a statement saying that it was not a coup d'état and that President Robert Mugabe was safe, although the situation would return to normal only after the ZDF had dealt with the "criminals" around Mugabe responsible for the socio-economic problems of Zimbabwe.

(meta data) TITLE: Military urges calm in Zimbabwe after it seizes key sites in capital | World news | The Guardian

(meta data) AUTHOR: https://www.theguardian.com/profile/jasonburke

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/theguardian

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2017-11-14T13:29:40-0500

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# Military urges calm in Zimbabwe after it seizes key sites in capital

Military spokesman says President Robert Mugabe and his family were 'safe and sound and their security is guaranteed'

Jason Burke Africa correspondent and a correspondent in Harare

First published on Tue 14 Nov 2017 13.29 EST

Soldiers stand beside military vehicles just outside Harare

The military in Zimbabwe says it has temporarily taken control of the country to "target criminals" around the president, Robert Mugabe, amid high tension and reports of explosions in Harare.

Soldiers have sealed access to parliament, government offices and courts in the capital, residents said.

Access to the president's official residence was also blocked by troops.

## Zimbabwe army denies coup against Mugabe as it takes control of Harare – live

A military spokesman, Maj Gen SB Moyo made an announcement on state television early on Wednesday saying Mugabe and his family were "safe and sound and their security is guaranteed".

Troops had seized the network's offices late on Tuesday night.

Moyo said the army was targeting "criminals around" Mugabe, who were "committing crimes that are causing social and economic suffering in order to bring them to justice".

The takeover comes amid a bitter battle over who will succeed 93-year-old Mugabe.

Mugabe is 'safe and sound' Zimbabwe's army says – video

Emmerson Mnangagwa, the veteran vice-president and former spy chief who has strong support among many in Zimbabwe's armed forces, was unceremoniously fired last week.

The move opened the road to power open to Grace Mugabe, the president's 53-year-old wife, and a rival faction within the ruling Zanu-PF party.

The finance minister, Ignatius Chombo, a member of Grace Mugabe's G40, was reportedly among those detained by the military.

#### Who is Grace Mugabe and why is she controversial?

Grace Mugabe is the 52-year-old first lady of Zimbabwe.

Born in South Africa, she married Robert Mugabe, 40 years her senior, in 1996.

Initially struggling to emerge from the shadows of the president's popular first wife, Sally, who died in 1992, Mugabe appeared by her husband's side for official functions but rarely got involved in politics herself, focusing publicly on her charity work while gaining a reputation for legendary shopping expeditions.

In 2009 a British photographer alleged that she punched him repeatedly in the face when he tried to take a picture of her in Hong Kong.

She has since been implicated in several incidents outside Zimbabwe: in Singapore, in Malaysia and most recently in South Africa, where she allegedly assaulted a model in August.

The unveiling of Grace Mugabe as a potential successor to her husband began in 2014, when she became head of the ruling party's women's league and the state propaganda machine began talking up her political acumen.

Before the events of 14 November her path to power had received a boost when her main rival, the vice-president , Emmerson Mnangagwa, was fired on 6 November.

The feud between Mugabe and Mnangagwa had been bitter – in October she publicly denied poisoning him after he fell ill at a rally in August.

Insisting it was not a coup, Moyo said "as soon as [the armed forces] are done the situation will come to normalcy".

"We urge you to remain calm and limit unnecessary movement.

However, we encourage those who are employed and those with essential business in the city to continue their normal activities as usual," he said.

Moyo said the army had acted because the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation had been ordered not to broadcast a statement from the military on Monday and "the situation in our country has moved to another level".

Cancelling all leave for members of the military, he urged the security forces to "cooperate for the good of our country".

He warned "any provocation will be met with an appropriate response".

There were reports of a number of loud explosions and some incidents of members of the armed forces harassing passers-by during the night.

Residents of Harare said the city was quiet on Wednesday morning, though the usually busy streets were empty.

There was no sign of any disturbance elsewhere in the country.

A witness told Agence France-Presse that gunfire had erupted near Mugabe's private residence in the suburb of Borrowdale early on Wednesday, but there was no independent confirmation of the report.

Nelson Chamisa, the deputy head of opposition MDC party, called for "peace, constitutionalism, democratisation, the rule of law and the sanctity of human life".

The US embassy in the capital tweeted out a message citing "ongoing uncertainty."

A statement later posted by the embassy told US citizens in Zimbabwe to "shelter in place until further notice".

The British embassy said that due to the "uncertain political situation" British nationals should remain at home.

Military convoys had been seen driving through the capital earlier on Tuesday, sparking rumours of a coup attempt just a day after the country's military chief – flanked by other senior officers – warned that he was prepared to "step in" to end turmoil in Zanu-PF.

Zimbabwe's government accused the head of the armed forces of "treasonable conduct" in the early evening, ratcheting up the tension.

Mugabe, the only leader Zimbabwe has known in 37 years of independence, spent Tuesday afternoon in a cabinet meeting, but his whereabouts overnight were unknown.

In its statement the military said they continued to recognise the president as commander in chief of the armed forces.

Mugabe's sacking of Mnangagwa came as a shock to many observers.

Emmerson Mnangagwa was sworn in as president of Zimbabwe on 24 November, capping a dramatic few weeks that began when he was sacked as vice-president by Robert Mugabe on 6 November.

Mnangagwa, a 75-year-old former intelligence chief, had been locked in a battle with the first lady, Grace Mugabe, to succeed her husband as president.

His sacking – an attempt to clear Grace's path to power - was a tactical error that triggered a military takeover, Mugabe's impeachment by parliament, and his resignation.

Mnangagwa has strong support within the security establishment and among veterans of Zimbabwe's 1970s guerrilla war, when he earned the nickname "the crocodile".

Despite allegations about his role in atrocities in the 1980s, much of the international community had long seen him as being the most likely figure in Zimbabwe to guarantee a stable transition and implement economic reforms.

Nicknamed "the crocodile" from his time fighting in the country's liberation wars, Mnangagwa has strong support among veterans and within the security establishment that he once ran.

He had been considered the mostly likely candidate to succeed Mugabe if the president decided to step down or died in office.

Mnangagwa's sacking was widely seen as a move to pave the way for Grace Mugabe to take power instead.

It caused widespread discontent among Mnangagwa's supporters and exposed deep factional divides within Zanu-PF ranks.

On Monday, Gen Constantine Chiwenga, the head of Zimbabwe's military, called a press conference to warn that troops could intervene if long-term political allies continued to suffer.

"We must remind those behind the current treacherous shenanigans that, when it comes to matters of protecting our revolution, the military will not hesitate to step in," Chiwenga said in a statement read at a news conference packed with 90 senior officers from key units, in a show of military unity.

The statement was initially carried on state media, then removed from the airwaves, but the government was slow to respond, with no word from Mugabe himself.

After the cabinet meeting on Tuesday, however, a statement was issued by Simon Khaya-Moyo, the government spokesman and national secretary for information and publicity, accusing Chiwenga of "treasonable conduct".

"Such conduct stands unreservedly condemned not only in the party ... but also in the [region] and the entire African continent where subversion of constitutional authority is ... regarded as absolute anathema," the statement read.

Mugabe's authoritarian rule has been anchored by support from the military but the ageing leader has systematically dismissed veterans of the liberation struggle from party posts in recent years, leaving the top echelons stacked with officials who did not fight in the independence war.

War veterans broke ranks with him in 2016 and have vowed to form a broad front with the opposition to challenge his rule.

Chris Mutsvangwa, the head of the war veterans' group, told reporters in Johannesburg last week that Grace Mugabe was "a mad woman" who had won power through a "coup ... by marriage certificate".

Mutsvangwa issued a statement from Johannesburg on Wednesday praising the military for carrying out "a bloodless correction of gross abuse of power" that would return Zimbabwe to "genuine democracy."

Grace Mugabe is a deeply divisive figure in Zimbabwe with limited popular support.

She has been tarnished by an alleged assault against a model she had found with her sons in a luxury apartment in Johannesburg in September.

Granted diplomatic immunity after the incident, she was allowed to leave South Africa despite a police inquiry, and denies any wrongdoing.

Reports of extravagant purchases, including property in South Africa and a Rolls-Royce, have also angered many Zimbabweans.

Pictures of one of the first lady's sons apparently pouring most of a bottle of champagne over a luxury watch worth tens of thousands of dollars in a nightclub were shared widely on social media this week.

The crisis comes at a time when Zimbabwe faces severe economic problems.

The country is struggling to pay for imports due to a shortage of dollars, which has also caused acute cash shortages.

On the evening of 14 November 2017, elements of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces (ZDF) gathered around Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe, and seized control of the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation and key areas of the city.


Harney died at his home near Orlando, Florida, in 1889, just months after Harney County, Oregon was named for him.

(meta data) TITLE: William Selby Harney (1800-1889)

A brash, opportunistic cavalry officer with an explosive temper and a vindictive predilection for conflict with Indians, fellow officers, and foreign powers, Gen. William Selby Harney led the U.S. Army's Department of Oregon from 1858 to 1860.

During his time in Oregon, he expanded military roads and protection while waging war against Native people in Washington Territory and narrowly avoiding war with Great Britain.

Born on August 22, 1800, Harney was a tall, redheaded Tennessean who counted Andrew Jackson as his mentor and Jefferson Davis as his friend.

After accepting an officer's commission in 1819, he used his connections to the Democratic Party to rise quickly through the army's ranks.

Service in the Seminole Wars in the 1830s honed his skill and reputation in savage warfare against Indians, as did later duty in the Mexican War in 1847, frontier service in Texas in the late 1840s and 1850s and the Plains and Midwest in the 1850s, and a return campaign to Florida in 1857.

In 1855, at the Battle of Ash Hollow in western Nebraska, soldiers under his command indiscriminately killed Brulé Lakota men, women, and children, earning Harney the sobriquets The Butcher and The Big Chief Who Swears.

Harney did not focus his hair-trigger temper solely on Native peoples.

He physically assaulted subordinates, intimidated junior officers, executed deserters in the Mexican War, and bludgeoned to death a family female house slave.

Despite—and arguably because of—his reputation, many residents of Oregon and others in the West advocated for his presence, and newspapers welcomed his alacrity and aggressive practice of "rough and ready, sledgehammer warfare."

Harney's dedication to a martial life left little room for a personal one.

He fathered a child, Mary Caroline, through a relationship with Ke-Sho-Ko, a mixed-blood Winnebago woman, while posted to Fort Winnebago in the early 1830s, but abandoned them both upon his reassignment.

In 1833, in St. Louis, he married Mary Mullanphy and converted to Catholicism.

Her family's wealth and status helped further his ambition to rise in the army.

He fathered three children with Mary, but after 1850 he would see her only twice.

In 1853, she relocated with their children to France, where she died in 1860.

In 1858, in response to conflict provoked by the encroachment of white miners en route to Washington and British Columbia gold fields on traditional Native lands in central Washington Territory, the U.S. Army divided its Pacific Division, creating a new Department of Oregon that encompassed Washington and most of Oregon Territories.

Harney was placed in command of the new department and its nearly two thousand soldiers, with a goal of retribution against the Yakama, Palus, Spokane, Coeur d'Alene, and other Northwest peoples who had defeated a column of more than 150 soldiers led by Col. Edward Steptoe.

On his way to the department's headquarters at Fort Vancouver, where he arrived on October 24, 1858, Harney found the fighting over and treaties already prepared.

Through his friend Father Pierre-Jean DeSmet, he communicated to tribal leaders his commitment to enforcing the peace.

He then opened the country east of the Cascades to whites, assuring resettlers of the army's protection, and initiated the survey and construction of military roads to improve transportation between the interior and the Willamette Valley.

It was a strategy that appealed to settlers but strained relations with the region's Native peoples.

Harney's undoing in the Pacific Northwest stemmed from his antagonism of Great Britain, which brought two nations to the brink of war.

Following the shooting of a Hudson's Bay Company's pig by an American citizen in June 1859, Harney sent troops to occupy San Juan Island, the ownership of which was in dispute and under negotiation.

Following the arrival of British warships, he escalated the situation by sending reinforcements and directing a lieutenant to proclaim that the island was U.S. territory.

Learning of the crisis, President James Buchanan dispatched Winfield Scott, the army's commanding general, to the Columbia River, where he chastised Harney and discussed his reassignment.

He was relieved of his departmental command on June 8, 1860, and ordered to "report in person to the Secretary of War."

The confrontation was dubbed the "Pig War."

Harney led the Department of the West from St. Louis until he was again relieved of command in 1861 due to his perceived indecision during the Missouri secession crisis.

After retiring in 1863, he served with the Indian Peace Commission, and in 1884 he married Mary St. Cyr.

Harney died at his home near Orlando, Florida, in 1889, just months after Harney County was named for him.

He is the namesake of the Oregon community of Harney, Harney Valley, Harney Lake, and Fort Harney (1867-1880).

Courtesy Oregon Hist. Soc. Research Lib., Orhi4396

McLoughlin House Unit of Fort Vancouver National Historic Site

General William S. Harney: Prince of Dragoons.

Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2001.

Army Regulars on the Western Frontier, 1848-1861.

Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001.

Schlicke, Carl P. General George Wright: Guardian of the Pacific Coast.

Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.

Shine, Gregory P. "An Indispensable Point": A Historic Resource Study of the Vancouver Ordnance Depot and Arsenal, 1849-1882.

Vancouver, Wash.: National Park Service, 2008.

Friday Harbor, WA: Griffin Bay Bookstore, 1999.

On August 14, 1848, Congress created Oregon Territory, a vast stretch of western America that included all or portions of five present-day states, including Washington.

Within less than a decade, though, Congress agreed to split the area by calving off a new territory—Washington.

The creation of Washington Territory in 1853 ...

Fort Vancouver, a British fur trading post built in 1824 to optimize the Hudson's Bay Company's operations in the Oregon Country, was the headquarters and central supply depot for the HBC's operations west of the Rocky Mountains.

It was, according to the company's governor Sir George Simpson, "the great centre of ...

Although a late arrival to the Oregon Country fur trade, for nearly two decades in the early nineteenth century the British Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) dominated the region's social, economic, and political life while ensuring profit to its shareholders.

This quest for profit—achieved through the pioneering extraction of the Pacific ...

The treaty with the Confederated Bands of Kalapuya (1855) is the only ratified treaty with the Kalapuyan groups who are indigenous to the Willamette Valley.

The treaty dispossessed the Kalapuyans and their descendants of their aboriginal lands and effectively transferred the vast wealth of the Willamette Valley to non-Indians.

Native American Treaties, Northeastern Oregon (essay)

After American immigrants arrived in the Oregon Territory in the 1840s, representatives of the United States established policies for indigenous peoples in northeastern Oregon.

By that time, the government had honed its policies and protocols in dealing with Native people, which included treaties, war, removal, and concentration on reservations.

The treaty council held at Waiilatpu (Place of the Rye Grass) in the Walla Walla Valley in May and June of 1855 forever changed the lives of Native Americans living in north-central and eastern Oregon.

The fate of the Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla Indians who lived in that part ...

From 1848 to 1855, the United States made several treaties with the tribes of western Oregon.

Those treaties cleared the way for increased settlement by Americans and other immigrants into the Willamette Valley, as Native people were removed to reservations to eliminate conflicts and competition.

This entry was last updated on Jan. 15, 2019