It was introduced in 1986 and was originally called the Satellite Tour, before being renamed with its present title in 1990.

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Flowing in every day, these data are added to the Wayback Machine after an embargo period.

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The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20100722071906/http://www.europeantour.com:80/tourgroup/history/index.html

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Tour History 1901— PGA founded with offices in Bishopgate, London 1966— PGA Offices moved to Oval cricket ground, London1971 — John Jacobs appointed Tournament Director-General of the PGA (1.10.71).This

marked the official birth of The PGA European Tour1972

— The Tour started with, in addition to John Jacobs, John Bywaters MBE as Secretary of the PGA, George Simms as Press & PR Advisor and, in the field, Arthur Crawley-Bovey as Tournament Director and Eddie Carter as Recorder—

Prize money and points from European tournaments included in Order of Merit1975— Ken Schofield appointed First Secretary and Executive Director, following John Jacobs (1.01.75)— Tour title: PGA Tournament Players' Section— Order of Merit based on prize money instead of points1976— Tour title: PGA Tournament Players' Division— Sunday finishes started in selected tournaments— Pre-tournament Pro-Ams introduced— Annual Qualifying School started at three courses in UK with 127 cards to be won1977— Tour title: PGA European Tournament Players' Division— Safari Tour co-sponsored by the PGA ETPD— 36-hole cut raised from 50 and ties to 65 and ties—

Neil Coles made Chairman of TPD Committee Representatives with Angel Gallardo as Vice-Chairman1979— Tour title: PGA European Golf Tour— European players included in Ryder Cup teams— Qualifying School moved to Portugal 1980— "Order of Merit" changed to "Official Money List"— Minimum number of tournaments to be played for inclusion on Official Money list raised from five to seven1981— PGA European Golf Tour offices moved from the Oval to Wentworth in Surrey (16.4.81)— R & A granted exemption into The Open Championship to the top ten (in the top 25), not otherwise exempt, at the State Express Classic1982— Tour title: PGA European Tour— Prize money (Reserve Money) paid to those finishing beyond 65th— Introduction of performance statistics— Qualifying School moved to La Manga, Spain— The Tunisian Open at El Kantaoui makes the start of an expansion programme by The European Tour to take the professional game global and further popularise the sport.1984— PGA European Tour made a limited Company— Formation of PGA European Tour Enterprises Ltd with George O'Grady as Managing Director— "Official Money List" changed back to "Order of Merit"— Placing in Order of Merit to obtain membership at end of season reduced from 150 to 125— Pre-Qualifying for entry to Qualifying School started at La Manga1985— Introduction of the All-Exempt Tour (tournament pre-qualifying discontinued)—

Winter base of PGA European Tour set up at La Manga, Spain1986— Introduction of Associate, Temporary and Affiliated Memberships— Formation of PGA European Tour South office in Barcelona—

Pre-Qualifying for Qualifying School introduced in two stages— PQ1 in UK and PQ2 in Spain—

Minimum number of tournaments to be played for inclusion in the Order of Merit raised from seven to nine— Introduction of the Satellite Tour— Exemption into The Open Championship reduced from the top ten (in the top 25) to the top five (in the top 25), not otherwise exempt, at the Car Care Plan International1987— Introduction of the one-ball rule— Agreement announced at PGA Championship that Volvo would become first corporate sponsor to commence in1988— First Senior British Open 1988— Volvo Tour sanctioned by The PGA European Tour started with prize money exceeding £10m— Formation of PGA European Properties and Tour Developments companies— Placing in Order of Merit to retain Membership at end of season reduced from 125 to 120— Introduction by Volvo of bonuses to be paid to the top 15 in the Volvo Order of Merit providing that they played in the Volvo Masters.

This money was "official"1989— PGA European Satellite Tour started with its own Order of Merit with the top five being eligible for full PGA European Tour Membership the following season under Category 11(b).

Best nine results in three different countries to count— Apollo Week Training School first staged1990— PGA European Tour and Professional Golfers' Association announced formation of the Ryder Cup Joint Venture (21.11.90)— PGA European Satellite Tour renamed PGA European Challenge Tour— Challenge Tour Rankings required a minimum of five tournaments to qualify for inclusion— Establishment of the PGA European Tour Andalucian headquarters at San Roque, Spain— Qualifying School moved to Massane Montpellier and La Grande Motte in France— Additional office opened in Chobham, Surrey (November)— Twice yearly re-ranking of those who won cards at the previous autumn's Qualifying School introduced— First Seniors event staged in Geneva and won by Neil Coles1991— Number of cards available under Category 11(b) raised from top five of Challenge Tour Rankings to top ten— Number of cards available at Qualifying School reduced from top 50 to 40— Formation of PGA European Tour Productions (26.4.91)— a joint venture company with Trans World International1992— Exemption period for tournament winners in Category 5 reduced to the rest of the year plus two years (from three years)— Introduction of new Exemption Category whereby a player finishing in top ten of a tournament will be exempt for the next tournament— Start of the PGA European Seniors Tour with minimum of two events for inclusion in Money List— Formation of European Golf Design (19.2.92)— a joint venture company with International Management Group— Formation of PGA European Tour Courses (IMG) Limited— a joint venture company with International Management Group— First PGA European Tour Course acquired at Collingtree Park (August 1992)— Challenge Tour Rankings— Best 15 results to count with a minimum of six tournaments to be played to qualify for inclusion— PGA European Tour Physiotherapy Unit introduced1993— Combined Volvo Tour, Seniors Tour and Challenge Tour events totaled more than 100 with total prize money exceeding £25 million— Three-year television agreement with Sky Sports announced— Minimum number of tournaments to be played for inclusion in the Order of Merit raised from nine to 11— Ryder Cup Qualifying Points List extended to include points earned over a complete calendar year (September to August)— PGA European Seniors Tour Money List— Minimum number of events to qualify for inclusion raised to three1994— 20th Anniversary of start of BBC Television coverage of Tour events— Valderrama in Spain announced as first Continental host venue for The Ryder Cup (1997)— Challenge Tour Rankings—

All cheques to count1995— First ten in Ryder Cup Qualifying Points List to be in the team automatically, with the Captain having two choices— Ryder Cup Qualifying Points List to include points earned from winnings in the Masters Tournament, US Open Championship and US PGA Championship— The PGA European Tour and Volvo announced a partnership extension for a further four year period from 1996 to 1999.

Volvo to remain as principal sponsor of the Tour; PGA European Tour to revert to and operate under its own name— Further four year television agreement with Sky Television announced to include 1997 and 1999 Ryder Cups, and exclusive live broadcasts of 26 tournaments each season from 1997 to 2000— Number of cards available at Qualifying School raised to include top 40 and ties — Combined Volvo Tour, Seniors Tour and Challenge Tour events had total prize money exceeding £30 million— The Golf Channel renews its contract with The European Tour to continue exclusive tournament coverage in the United States, Canada and Japan through 2003— In Spain Canal+ signs enhanced contract to broadcast extensive coverage of The European Tour—

The European Tour, on behalf of The European Ryder Cup Committee, signs a new four year contract with Sky Television to include exclusive, live coverage of the 2001 and 2003 Ryder Cups in addition to a minimum of 33 Tour events annually, and announces that BBC Television has committed to a new contract through 2003 to guarantee strong and increased terrestrial highlight coverage of The Ryder Cup in 2001 and 20031996— 25th Anniversary of the foundation of The PGA European Tour— Bernard Gallacher awarded OBE in New Year's Honours— The Top 115 (previously 120) in the 1996 Order of Merit to qualify for Category 11 Membership in 1997 with those in positions 116-150 qualifying for Category 13 Membership— The leading 15 players (previously ten) from the final 1996 European Challenge Tour Rankings to qualify for Category 11(b) Membership in 1997— PGA European Tour and BBC Television sign a new four year contract which will extend to more than 25 years a partnership that has seen the Tour's most prestigious events given outstanding coverage— The Brabazon Course at The Belfry, Sutton Coldfield, England, announced as host for The Ryder Cup in 2001— Ken Schofield appointed CBE and Sam Torrance MBE in The Queen's Birthday Honours— The PGA European Tour, The PGA Tour, the PGA Tour of South Africa, The PGA Tour of Australasia and the PGA Tour of Japan announce the formation of the International Federation of PGA Tours1997— Tournament Committee approves the three United States Majors (Masters Tournament, US Open Championship and US PGA Championship) to count towards minimum number of 11 tournaments for inclusion in Order of Merit.

Money won is not official— Category One Membership of European Tour reformed (effective 1998) to comprise the four Major Championships and winner of the Order of Merit (Exemption period ten years).

Category 2 reformed to comprise Volvo PGA Championship, Deutsche Bank-SAP TPC of Europe, Smurfit European Open, Canon European Masters and Volvo Masters.

(Exemption period five years)— Prize Money for the 1997 Volvo Masters increased to a record £1,000,000, and Volvo PGA Championship to £1,100,000— European Seniors Tour announce the introduction of an all-exempt system.—

John Jacobs, "father" of The European Tour, awarded the OBE in The Queen's Birthday Honours— Dr James McDaid, T.D. Irish Minister for Tourism, Sport and Recreation, and Ken Schofield announce a unique partnership between the European Tour and Failte Ireland involving a major new joint eight year marketing strategy for Irish golf holidays.

The strategy will culminate in The Ryder Cup taking place in Ireland in 2005— The PGA European Tour, as a Member of The International Federation of PGA Tours, announce the launch in 1999 of the World Golf Championships– a series of events that will feature the game's top players competing against each other in a variety of competitive formats on the international stage1998— European Challenge Tour celebrates Tenth Anniversary season— Volvo PGA Championship Prize Fund increased to £1,200,000 with landmark first prize of £200,000— Record European Tour Prize Money of £1,250,000 announced for Smurfit European Open— Colin Montgomerie appointed MBE in The Queen's Birthday Honours List for services to golf, prior to collecting a record sixth successive Order of Merit title— Sam Torrance reaches milestone by playing in his 600th European Tour event 1999— Three World Golf Championships starting this year in addition to the four Major Championships to count towards the 11 tournaments in which a player must compete for Membership of The European Tour— Money won from the World Golf Championships in addition to the US Open Championship and the US PGA Championship to be official in the Order of Merit— Official Money won on the 1999 European Tour to be presented in euros with both the Order of Merit and The Ryder Cup Points Table being calculated using the new European currency— The European Tour and Volvo announce an extension to their partnership, first established in 1988, through to and including the 2002 season— The Kildare Hotel and Country Club – The K Club – announced as host venue for The Ryder Cup in 2005— Bob Charles made a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the New Year's Honours List—

Paul Lawrie becomes the first player since 1963, when the qualifying system was introduced, to win The Open Championship after successfully making it through final Qualifying.

In all he played 112 holes at Downfield and Carnoustie to become the first Scot to win on home soil since Tommy Armour in 1931— The Golf Channel renews its contract with The European Tour to continue exclusive tournament coverage in the United States, Canada and Japan through 2003— In Spain Canal+ signs enhanced contract to broadcast extensive coverage of The European Tour—

The European Tour, on behalf of The European Ryder Cup Committee, signs a new four year contract with Sky Television to include exclusive, live coverage of the 2001 and 2003 Ryder Cups in addition to a minimum of 33Tour events annually, and announces that BBC Television has committed to a new contract through 2003 to guarantee strong and increased terrestrial high light coverage of The Ryder Cup in 2001 and 20032000— Money won from the Masters Tournament to be official in the Order of Merit— 36-hole cut raised from 65 and ties to 70 and ties— World Cup of Golf becomes fourth event in the World Golf Championships — Tommy Horton appointed MBE in the New Year's Honours— Sir Michael Bonallack, who becomes a Non-Executive Director of The European Tour Board of Directors; Neil Coles, who by winning the Microlease Jersey Seniors Open at the age of 65 years and 10 months becomes the first golfer in history to win a professional event in six different decades; and John Jacobs, 'father' of The European Tour, elected to the World Golf Hall of Fame— Colin Montgomerie becomes to first player to win the Volvo PGA Championship three years in succession—

Paul Lawrie, winner of the 128th Open Championship at Carnoustie in 1999, appointed MBE in The Queen's Birthday Honours List— Record prize money of £2,000,000 announced for the Volvo Masters— Lee Westwood becomes only the fourth golfer in European Tour history to capture six titles in one season on the way to finishing Number One in the Order of Merit with a record €3,125,146 (£1,858,602)— Six Partners – IBM, Ireland 2005, KPMG, Lucent Technologies, Pfizer and Regus – announced for The 34th Ryder Cup to be played at The Belfry on September 28-30, 20012001— The European Tour celebrates its 30th anniversary with confirmed record money of €97,143,310 (£60,399,735)—

Björn Nordberg joins The European Tour as a Non-Executive Director— Volvo PGA Championship prize money increased to a record £2 million— Ireland's Des Smyth wins the Madeira Island Open to become the oldest winner on The European Tour at 48 years and 34 days, surpassing the 48 years and 14 days of Neil Coles— Tiger Woods, the World Number One, makes history by winning the Masters Tournament to become the first player to hold all Major Championships simultaneously— Bernhard Langer of Germany elected to World Golf Hall of Fame— The Scottish Open returns to The European Tour International Schedule after an absence of five years, with a record prize fund of £2.2 million— The Board of The European Tour announces the findings of an Independent Audit to Members— New Zealand's Michael Campbell made an Officer of New Zealand Order of Merit Award for services to golf in The Queen's Birthday Honours List—

John Jacobs, the founding father of The European Tour, inducted into the World Golf Teachers Hall of Fame— Eamonn Darcy plays 600th European Tour event at Trophée Lancôme.

Roger Chapman and Malcolm Mackenzie make their 500th appearances in 2001— The 34th Ryder Cup at The Belfry postponed until September 2002 in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States.

Future Ryder Cups switched to even years— Host venues announced for 2010 and 2014 Ryder Cups with The Celtic Manor Resort staging the 2010 edition and The Gleneagles Hotel hosting the event in 2014.

A rotation system throughout the Continent announced for 2018 to 20302002— Max Faulkner awarded the OBE in The Queen's New Year's Honours List, half a century after his victory in The Open Championship at Royal Portrush.

Faulkner later received the award from The Prince of Wales at an investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace—

John Jacobs OBE, founding father of The European Tour, accorded Life Membership of the Professional Golfers Association, only the eighth person to receive that honour— Mark Mouland of Wales and Scotland's Gordon Brand Jnr receive awards from The European Tour for reaching the landmark of 500 tournaments at the Novotel Perrier Open de France and Volvo PGA Championship respectively— The Golf Channel reach agreement with The European Tour to show European Tour events in the United States, Canada and Japan through 2007— The European Tour Sport Relief Challenge raises a grand total of £35,692 for charity—

Neil Coles, Chairman of The European Tour Board of Directors, extends his own record as the oldest winner on the European Seniors Tour, winning the Lawrence Batley Seniors Open at the age of 67 years and 276 days.

Sadly, Lawrence Batley dies, aged 91, in August— The European Tour Physiotherapy Unit, which had travelled to more than 300 tournaments throughout Europe, celebrates its tenth anniversary during the BMW International Open in Munich— Tony Jacklin and Bernhard Langer inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in Florida2003— Sam Torrance, Europe's winning Captain in The 34th Ryder Cup, awarded an OBE in the New Year's Honours List, seven years after receiving an MBE.

European Team win Golf Writers' Trophy for 2002.—

Schofield, Executive Director of The European Tour, awarded the PGA of Europe's Christer Lindberg Bowl for his contribution to golf.

Sir Michael Bonallack succeeds Jaime Ortiz Patiño as President of the PGA of Europe— The Senior British Open, presented by MasterCard, accorded "Major" status, 16 years after the event was founded by The European Tour and IMG—

The Golf Channel Presenter, Renton Laidlaw, named as the 2003 recipient of the PGA of America's Lifetime Achievement Award in Journalism— Sky Sports secures exclusive live rights to The Ryder Cup, two Major Championships and a minimum of 34 tournaments on The European Tour International Schedule in a series of new long-term agreements— The R&A announce that they will introduce International Final Qualifying for The 2004 Open Championship at Royal Troon— The European qualification process for The 35th Ryder Cup changed to reflect the growing influence of the Official World Golf Ranking.

The change will see five players qualify through accumulating World Ranking points over a 12 month period with five further places via the traditional Ryder Cup points list based on the Order of Merit— Mark McCormack, founder, Chairman and CEO of IMG and the man universally recognised as the inventor of sports marketing, died in a New York hospital in May, having been in a coma since January when he suffered cardiac arrest—

Peter Alliss, a leading professional and Ryder Cup player before becoming one of the most respected commentators on television with the BBC, is accorded Honorary Life Membership of The European Tour— BBC Sport and The European Tour sign a new five-year agreement, ensuring that BBC golf coverage will continue across BBC1, BBC Radio Five Live and BBCi until 2008—

John Jacobs OBE, the founding father of The European Tour, is honoured by the Association of Golf Writers with the Michael Williams Outstanding Services Award—

Pádraig O'hUiginn, who for 11 years between 1982 and 1993 was Secretary of the Department of the Taoiseach, becomes a Life Vice President of the Tour in recognition of his pivotal role in cultivating professional golf in Ireland.—

Ulf Lauren, former Chief Executive of PLM and Chairman of the Swedish Golf Federation and Scandinavian Masters, becomes a Life Vice President of the Tour in recognition of his contribution to tournament Golf in Sweden—

Scotland's Bernard Gallacher, who played in eight Ryder Cups between 1969 and 1983 and Captained Europe on three occasions, in 1991, 1993 and1995, accorded Honorary Life Membership of The European Tour— Ken Schofield CBE, Executive Director of The European Tour since 1975, to step aside at end of 2004

George O'Grady, his deputy since 1989, announced as his successor2004— The Red Bull Physiotherapy Unit is launched on The European Tour during he 61st Telecom Italia Open in Milan after a substantial re-fit— John Jacobs, the Founding Father of The European Tour and leading television commentator, Peter Alliss, accept invitations to become Honorary Members of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews.—

A new administration and structure confirmed for The Ryder Cup to include the introduction of the PGAs of Europe and with The European Tour becoming Managing Partner and the PGA Founding Partner— The 50th edition of the PGA Championship, and by coincidence the 1000th event on The European Tour, was held at Wentworth Club, with Scotland's Scott Drummond lifting the title—

The European Tour and Volvo announce a new global strategy for Volvo, which sees the company's title sponsorship of the PGA Championship and the Order of Merit come to an end, but the Volvo Masters and the Volvo China Open contracted until the end of 2007, taking Volvo's participation to a minimum of 20 years— The HSBC World Match Play Championship becomes an officially sanctioned tournament on The European Tour International Schedule with results counting towards The European Tour Order of Merit and the Official World Golf Ranking—

Ken Schofield CBE, outgoing Executive Director of The European Tour, receives the Association of Golf Writers Award for Outstanding Services to Golf— To coincide with their 70th and 80th birthdays respectively

, England's Neil Coles, Chairman of The PGA European Tour, and Christy O'Connor of Ireland accorded Honorary Life Membership along with John Panton of Scotland in recognition of their outstanding contributions to the game2005— George O'Grady succeeds Ken Schofield, CBE, as Chief Executive of The European Tour (01.01.05)—

BMW and The European Tour announce a new partnership to develop the BMW Championship – the PGA Championship – at Wentworth Club from 2005 to 2008.

Additionally, BMW become Official Car to The European Tour— The European Tour, as Managing Partner of Ryder Cup Europe LLP, confirms the composition of The Ryder Cup Policy Board as part of the new administration put in place ahead of The 36th Ryder Cup at The K Club—

Welshman Brian Huggett honoured for his Contribution to Golf by the Professional Golfers' Association in Cardiff— The European Tour supports the Tsunami Aid Appeal with a $100,000 donation to Indonesia during the Enjoy Jakarta Standard Chartered Indonesia Open in Jakarta—

Aberdeen Asset Management announce a three year deal to sponsor the Senior British Open Championship, which paid its first visit to Royal Aberdeen Golf Club—

The European Seniors Tour announces that Bahrain will become the latest new venue on the schedule, staging the 2005 Arcapita Seniors Tour Championship—

The 1000th edition of the Official World Golf Ranking was published on Monday, May 30, following the completion of the BMW Championship and other events around the world.

Tiger Woods was ranked Number One that week while Bernhard Langer was the first to achieve that official position—

The first US Open Qualifier held in the UK at Walton Heath sees Michael Campbell qualify for the Championship at Pinehurst No. 2.

He goes on to win his first Major Championship— New Zealand's Michael Campbell accorded Honorary Life Membership of The European Tour to mark his accomplishment of winning the US Open Championship at Pinehurst No. 2— The 36-hole cut on The European Tour to revert to 65 and ties for the 2006 season following five years at 70 and ties2006— Bernhard Langer, Europe's victorious Ryder Cup Captain at Oakland Hills, awarded an Honorary OBE from The Queen for his services to golf— Mark McCormack, founder of IMG, inducted posthumously into the World Golf Hall of Fame at St Augustine in Florida — Frenchman Adrien Mörk carded the first official score of 59 in the history of The European, Challenge and Seniors Tours during the second round of the 2006 Tikida Hotels Agadir Moroccan Classic on the Challenge Tour— Ian Woosnam, Europe's Ryder Cup Captain in 2006, reaches the milestone of 500 events on The European Tour International Schedule at the BMW Championship at Wentworth Club—

Carl Mason of England became only the third golfer to go through the €1m barrier in European Seniors Tour earnings after Tommy Horton and Noel Ratcliffe.

Mason achieved the feat at the 2006 FIRSTPLUS Wales Seniors Open in June— Muirfield in Scotland is announced as the venue for The 2007 Senior British Open Championship, presented by Aberdeen Asset Management, from July 26-29, 2007.

It will be the first time Muirfield has featured on the European Seniors Tour— Sam Torrance becomes the first player in European Tour history to notch up 700 tournaments when he tees up in The Barclays Scottish Open at Loch Lomond—

Challenge Tour receives direct support from The Ryder Cup, with tournaments in Ireland (Ryder Cup hosts in 2006), Wales (Ryder Cup hosts in 2010) and Scotland (Ryder Cup hosts in 2014) primarily funded by Ryder Cup Europe— The Open de France ALSTOM celebrates its 100th anniversary at Le Golf National in Paris—

Junior Golf Ireland receives a cheque for €50,000 from The Ryder Cup European Development Trust— The English quartet of Maurice Bembridge, David Creamer, Malcolm Gregson and Jim Rhodes all reach 200 events on the European Seniors Tour.

The only other player to have reached this milestone is Tommy Horton, also of England— Ken Schofield CBE, former Executive Director of The European Tour, succeeds Sir Michael Bonallack as President of the Golf Foundation—

England's Malcolm Mackenzie becomes the fourth player to reach 600 tournaments on The European Tour at the BMW International Open in Munich following Sam Torrance, Roger Chapman and Eamonn Darcy— Seve Ballesteros honoured by The European Tour to commemorate the 30th anniversary of his first Tour victory in the 1976 Dutch Open—

Ireland's Taoiseach Bertie Ahern and representatives of Ryder Cup Europe LLP handed over 20 minibuses purchased from a series of initiatives involving The Ryder Cup, which raised €800,000 for the Links Golfing Society.

Sales of the Official Ryder Cup programme raised a further €61,756 for the Society and the Darren Clarke Foundation— Paul Casey completes a remarkable double by following his success as winner of the RBS Shot of the Year by being named The European Tour Golfer of the Year for 20062007—

The amount of money injected into the Irish economy by The 2006 Ryder Cup in Ireland reached a record €143 million, according to a report by Deloitte & Touche, jointly commissioned by Ryder Cup Europe and Fáilte Ireland (The Irish Tourism Development Authority)— www.europeantour.com, the Official Website of The European Tour, celebrated its 10th anniversary during the BMW PGA Championship at Wentworth Club— Austria played host to a major European Golf Congress, organised by The European Tour and the European Golf Association, following on from the success of 2006's inaugural 'East meets West' conference in Vienna— Sky Sports and BBC Sport secured live rights to over 40 tournaments on The European Tour International Schedule in a new four year agreement which runs from 2009 to 2012 inclusive.

For the first time, Sky Sports and BBC Sport will collaborate to produce four events jointly—

Five time Major Champion Seve Ballesteros announced his retirement from golf at the age of 50 during an emotional press conference, prior to The Open Championship at Carnoustie, where Padraig Harrington ended eight years without a European Major winner—

The major governing organisations in golf announced that they had agreed in principle to an Anti-Doping Policy for professional golf on a global basis that will be accomplished in two phases.—

The European Tour and Leisurecorp, the company developing Dubai's leading residential golf community at Jumeirah Golf Estates, announced an initial five-year partnership to create the Dubai World Championship, the world's richest golf tournament with a US$10,000,000 prize fund and a US$10,000,000 Bonus Pool2008- The European Challenge Tour, which was launched in 1989, celebrated its 20th anniversary- Barry Lane became only the fifth player to clock up 600 tournament appearances in the Commercialbank Qatar Masters presented by Dolphin Energy-

The European Tour regained the ownership and control of The PGA European Tour Courses after reaching an agreement with businessman Denis O'Brien which saw the Tour take control of the existing network of licensed international venues- The Ryder Cup Development Trust, set up in 2004, announced that in excess of €2.2 million had been raised to assist grassroots projects across the Continent of Europe- Leisurecorp, the company developing Dubai's leading residential golf community at Jumeirah Golf Estates, unveiled the improved and re-branded European Tour Physiotherapy Unit at a ceremony in Spain-

Paul Broadhurst of England and Australia's Peter Fowler became the latest players to reach 500 tournaments on The European Tour at the BMW PGA Championship and The European Open respectively-

The European Tour's drugs policy commenced with random testing during the 2008 season- The International Golf Federation announced the creation of an Olympic Golf Committee to drive its efforts for the sport's inclusion in the 2016 Olympic Games-

The new Twenty Ten course and clubhouse – the only golf course in history to be purpose built for The Ryder Cup – was officially opened on the eve of The Celtic Manor Wales Open-

Two long-standing events on The European Tour celebrated special anniversaries, with the UBS Hong Kong Open being played for the 50th time and the BMW International Open for the 20th occasion- The R&A announced an increase in the number of places at The 2009 Open Championship from 20 to 30 for both The 2008 European Tour Order of Merit and US PGA Tour Money List- The Omega European Masters to be co-sanctioned for the first time in 2009 following an historic agreement between The European Tour and the Asian Tour- The eagerly-awaited Race to Dubai, covering 52 tournaments over a 12-month season, was launched during the HSBC Champions in Shanghai with the climax taking place at Jumeirah Golf Estates in November 2009 2009-

Colin Montgomerie announced as European Captain for The 2010 Ryder Cup.

Montgomerie also made it 500 appearances as a professional on The European Tour when he played in the Open de Andalucia de Golf 09-

Nick Faldo knighted in the Queen's Birthday Honours.

Only the second golfer to be knighted after Sir Henry Cotton- Christy O'Connor and José Maria Olazábal inducted into World Golf Hall of Fame- HSBC Champions elevated to World Golf Championships event for the first time- Golf wins bid to be part of the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro at the International Olympic Committee's 121st Session in Copenhagen-

The six bidding nations for 2018 Ryder Cup are confirmed as France, Germany, Holland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden- Emma Villacieros made Honorary Life Vice President of The European Tour- The West Course at Wentworth Club closes immediately after the BMW PGA Championship for extensive renovations and the redesign of several holes, including the signature 18th which will have an elevated green behind a new water hazard- Seve Ballesteros presented with Lifetime Achievement Award at BBC Sports Personality of the Year ceremony, and is also made R&A Honorary Member

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In 2016, anti-abortion activist Jeremy Fraser won the party's leadership in what was called an "invalid takeover" by Skowronski.

(meta data) TITLE: Anti-Abortion activists stage an "invalid takeover" of Alberta's Social Credit Party | daveberta.ca – Alberta Politics

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## 7 thoughts on "Anti-Abortion activists stage an "invalid takeover" of Alberta's Social Credit Party"

The Invisible Hand July 22, 2016 at 2:07 am

Did Mr. Skowronski specify what made the takeover "invalid"?

I would imagine he thinks it is invalid because he lost.

If Kenney wins the PC leadership I believe that you are going to see the same sort of thing happen to the Centre parties.

You are going to have a lot of small c conservatives joining the Alberta Party or the Liberal Party and attempting to influence the direction of those parties.

Neither I, nor 4 other card carrying Alberta Social Credit Party members I contacted on this matter received any communications regarding this meeting.

Not sure where the appeal to the Alberta authorities went, but the fact they are allowed to form another political party shows that yes, invalid does not really apply in today's 'democracy' .

It was a Fildebrandt moment as it were in actions being the opposite fo the supposedly high moral character being professed.

Worse, evidence shows most abortions occur because of false financial constraints, and in underhandedly sinking the last monetary reform party in Alberta, these people have ensured that a non-coercive method of saving thousands of lives is not to be.

If anything, they are worse than the mainstream politicians in their secrecy and hypocrisy.

I'm not sure if the modern day Socreds (as opposed to the historic ones who governed Alberta) are even worthy of a blog post…except perhaps as an answer to the question of what will happen to the PCs and Wildrose if a new right of centre party is formed which unites conservative Albertans.

That is, the old parties would continue to exist on paper, but only a handful of people would join, run or vote for them.

The BC Social Credit party exists on paper as well, although I believe the leadership is vacant.

The same thing has happened to Saskatchewan's PCs and Liberals, after the right was united under the Saskatchewan Party banner.

And those so-called phony conservatives are conservative in name only.

In any other province they'd be Liberal or even NDP so they should stop pretending they're conservatives, be true to their principles, and move over to a centrist party like the Liberals.

Neither social, nor credit, not even much of a party.

This joke has lasted far beyond its useful life.

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Dave Cournoyer is a writer and political watcher living in Edmonton, Alberta.

Contact him at david.cournoyer@gmail.com.

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Four candidates running for Conservative Party nomination in Calgary-Forest Lawn

UCP and NDP close in 2019 post-election fundraising reports

Federal Nomination Update: Conservatives will choose a Calgary-Forest Lawn candidate on August 29

on Jason Kenney ramps up the old Tory patronage machine, begins purging NDP appointees from public agencies, boards and commissionsDavid on What the heck is

The opinions expressed on this blog represent my own and not those of my employer or any organization I may be affiliated with.

In addition, my thoughts and opinions change from time to time.

I consider this a necessary consequence of having an open mind.

This blog is intended to provide a semi-permanent point in time snapshot and manifestation of the various ideas running around my brain, and as such any thoughts and opinions expressed within out-of-date posts may not the same, nor even similar, to those I may hold today.

History.:Alberta Social Credit in the 21st century.

In early November 2007, Len Skowronski replaced Lavern Ahlstrom as leader of the party.
 The party fielded eight candidates for the 2008 general election on March 3. The party received 0.22% of the total or 2,051 votes, a decline of 1.0% from the previous election. The best individual riding result, and the only result over 3.0 percent, was for Wilf Tricker in Rocky Mountain House, who received 6.4% of the vote, finishing fifth in a field of seven candidates, just 0.62% behind the Green candidate and well ahead of the NDP and Separation Party of Alberta candidates.
 It fielded three candidates in the 2012 election, and garnered 0.023% of the total vote. Its six nominated candidates won 832 votes in the 2015 election, 0.056% of the total vote—an increase of 0.033% over its 2012 result.


It is the eighth university in Ireland, and the fourth in the Dublin Region, following Trinity College Dublin, University College Dublin, and Dublin City University.

(meta data) TITLE: Dublin set to get a brand new technological university

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/siliconrepublic

# Dublin set to get a brand new technological university

Coming together of Irish institutes of technology will create a powerhouse of innovation and learning.

Ireland's first dedicated technological university was formally announced today (17 July) at Grangegorman in Dublin by An Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, TD, along with Minister for Education and Skills, Richard Bruton, TD; Minister for Finance and Public Expenditure and Reform Paschal Donohoe, TD; and Minister for Higher Education Mary Mitchell O'Connor, TD.

The university will represent the merger of Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), IT Tallaght and IT Blanchardstown.

While centred on the new Grangegorman campus close to Dublin's north inner city, the existing campuses of DIT, IT Tallaght and IT Blanchardstown are expected to remain in place.

The three ITs had submitted a joint application for technological university status.

It is understood that the other ITs in Ireland, including Cork, Limerick, Tralee and Letterkenny, applied for the status but the Dublin consortium's bid succeeded.

The new university will add to a powerful existing cluster of universities in Dublin, including Dublin City University, Trinity College Dublin (TCD) and University College Dublin.

The coming together of the Dublin ITs as well as the collaboration between the existing universities in Dublin to create a technological quarter in Dublin's docklands, including a new €1bn campus for TCD, signals greater collaboration between Irish academic bodies.

It has long been the opinion of academics and science policymakers that Ireland's universities and colleges, while of a high global standard, on their own would struggle to compete with the scale of leaders such as Stanford or Harvard – combined, though, they could be a force to be reckoned with.

In recent months, we reported how funding cuts were blamed by the Irish Universities Association for Irish universities failing to make the top 100 of the QS World University Rankings 2019.

The new technological university will be required to maintain the current industry-focused approach of the ITs as well as reflect the needs of enterprises and regional stakeholders.

The coming together of ITs was also a prerequisite in the bidding process.

No doubt the centring of more university resources in Dublin will be met by grumbling and claims of neglect for the regions.

However, if Ireland wants to field the legions of engineers that the fast-growing tech giants such as Google, Amazon, Facebook, Intel and Microsoft require, it needs resources of scale.

Prof Tom Collins, chair of the three institute's governing bodies, spoke at the announcement: "The members of the Technological University Dublin Alliance are delighted to receive confirmation today from An Taoiseach that we are to become Ireland's first technological university (TU Dublin) in 2019.

This is the historic culmination of seven years of hard work and commitment on the part of our three institutes."

DIT president Prof Brian Norton said: "This is a milestone day that marks the beginning of a new type of Irish university that will revolutionise higher education in this country.

TU Dublin will be positioned at the convergence of the arts, business, science and technology, and will strengthen the Greater Dublin region and its prominence as a location that encourages and supports knowledge advancement, sustainable development and inclusive education.

"After many years of laying the groundwork, today is the realisation of our long-held collective ambition to become a technological university, and the beginning of an exciting new chapter in higher learning in Ireland."

This article was updated to confirm the announcement of Ireland's first dedicated technological university and include comments from professors Tom Collins and Brian Norton.

Related: government & policy, Institutes of Technology Ireland, Dublin, education, higher education, TU Dublin

John Kennedy is an award-winning technology journalist who served as editor of Siliconrepublic.com for 17 years.

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Technological University Dublin (Irish: "Ollscoil Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Atha Cliath") or TU Dublin is Ireland's first technological university, established on 1 January 2019, taking over all functions and operations of the three preceding institutions.
 The university was formed by the amalgamation of three existing institutes of technology in the Dublin area – Dublin Institute of Technology, Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown, and Institute of Technology, Tallaght, and it is the second-largest third-level institution in Ireland based on student population of 28,500, behind University College Dublin.


In June 2017, the University of Chicago announced plans to renovate the interior and reopen the former station entrance as a part of their Arts Block complex.

(meta data) TITLE: University of Chicago to renovate, reopen historic CTA Green Line station

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 19-08-23

# University of Chicago to renovate, reopen historic CTA Green Line station

The University of Chicago will renovate the interior of the shuttered, 125-year-old Chicago Transit Authority Green Line stationhouse in Washington Park as part of an ongoing effort to establish a major arts and culture corridor, called the Arts Block, along East Garfield Boulevard.

The Chicago Transit Authority announced today that its board approved a contract for the University, through its Lake Park Associates subsidiary, to lease the historic station, following a competitive bidding process.

The station, which the CTA said is one of the oldest rapid transit stations in the United States, has been closed since a new station opened across the street in 2001.

The University will invest $219,000 toward renovating the station, which will be re-opened as a welcome center for the Arts Block and for the Washington Park neighborhood.

The welcome center is expected to open in 2018 and will include space for community-focused programming, such as an incubator for small, local businesses.

"Leasing the station to expand its use underscores the University's commitment to supporting vibrant mid-South Side neighborhoods and to finding new ways to engage with local residents and visitors to the South Side," said Derek R.B. Douglas, vice president for civic engagement and external affairs.

"We look forward to engaging the community to consider future uses for the space."

The University announced in June 2016 that it is working with community partners to develop the Arts Block.

In addition to the welcome center, plans include the Green Line Arts Center, which will be an interdisciplinary hub for music, dance, theater and film production, and an outdoor, public green space that will feature an open-air pavilion.

Proposed projects on the block are dependent on donor support.

The Arts Block efforts build on the success of the University's community-focused Arts Incubator and Place Lab, and on retail enterprises along the block, including the Currency Exchange Café and BING Art Books.

Theaster Gates, professor in the Department of Visual Arts and director of Arts + Public Life, who is leading the vision for the Arts Block, said the historic CTA station is well situated as a place to provide way-finding for visitors to the neighborhood and is an important addition to the corridor.

"Arts and culture can transform communities by helping people to visualize new possibilities," said Gates.

"The Garfield Green Line CTA station is a historic cultural asset and physical space that will become a new place for creativity and opportunities for the community."

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UChicago announces plans for Arts Block in Washington Park

University provides updates, seeks community input on plans for Arts

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Another station on Garfield Boulevard, in the median of the Dan Ryan Expressway, serves the Red Line. During the closure of the Dan Ryan branch of the Red Line from May through October 2013, Garfield station served as the terminus of several temporary bus routes in order to mitigate the effects of the closure. Each of the bus routes transferred passengers from the sites of closed Red Line stations south of 69th street to Garfield station, where fares were waived while the Red Line remained closed. This 'L' stop is close to the University of Chicago and is the closest 'L' station to the Museum of Science and Industry, although the museum is more than two miles away from the station. People looking to go to either of these destinations can take the 55 bus.
 One station entrance is the oldest entrance on the CTA system. The entrance closed in 2000 and was filled in with cement in 2013. The front of the entrance remains.


He and the Browns mutually parted ways before the teams' home opener on September 27, 2015.

(meta data) TITLE: Browns part ways with O-line coach Andy Moeller - NFL.com

# Browns part ways with O-line coach Andy Moeller

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The Cleveland Browns are moving on from suspended offensive line coach Andy Moeller.

"The Browns and Offensive line Coach Andy Moeller have mutually agreed to part ways, effective immediately," the team said in a statement written in conjunction with Moeller's agent, Paul R. Sheehy.

"While no charges were filed in connection with the recent accusations asserted against him, and which Andy vehemently denies, he has advised the Browns that he desires to devote his full attention and focus on his family.

Andy states that this was a difficult decision but the right one for him, his family, and the Club at this point in time."

The Browns suspended Moeller indefinitely earlier this month after his fianceé accused him of assault at his home in Berea, Ohio.

Berea prosecutor Jim Walters announced last week that Moeller would not be charged in the case, per the Akron Beacon Journal.

Moeller previously served a two-game suspension for violating the NFL's personal conduct policy as a Ravens assistant in 2011.

That ban stemmed from Moeller's arrest on drunken-driving charges.

In Moeller's absence, assistant offensive line aide George DeLeone has taken over Cleveland's front five for a team that ranks 25th on the ground heading into Week 4.

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Here's the best photos from this week's games so far.

Andy Moeller is an American football coach and former player. He is the son of Gary Moeller. Moeller was a player for the Michigan Wolverines football team, and served with the team for eight years before joining the Baltimore Ravens. He replaced John Matsko in 2011 after Matsko was fired. In the spring of 2011, Moeller was arrested for DUI, and was sentenced to 60 days in jail, though all but two of the days were suspended; Moeller was also placed on probation. The arrest was his third alcohol-related in four years. The NFL eventually suspended Moeller for the first two games of the 2011 NFL season. After winning Super Bowl XLVII, Juan Castillo became the run game coordinator and the new offensive line coach, making Moeller the assistant OL coach. In September 2015, Moeller was suspended indefinitely by the Browns for allegedly assaulting a woman in his home.


It began digital publishing in 2008 and became Western Canada's largest online-only publication by 2016.

(meta data) TITLE: Vancity Buzz launches in Toronto and Montreal | Marketing Magazine

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# Vancity Buzz launches in Toronto and Montreal

Eight-year-old digital publisher becomes Daily Hive

Vancity Buzz, an eight-year-old digital publisher specializing in hyper-local news coverage, has rebranded itself as Daily Hive as it expands from its Western Canada roots into Toronto and Montreal.

"The time is right for us to evolve, and branching out from Vancouver and [continuing to use the Vancity Buzz name] didn't make sense," said Daily Hive editor-in-chief and partner Farhan Mohamed of the rebrand.

"As great as the Vancity Buzz brand is, it has its geographical restraints; we can't open up in another city [using that name]," he added.

"We want to take the buzz everywhere, but it needs a home.

Childhood friends Karm Sumal and Manny Bahia launched Vancity Buzz in a South Vancouver basement in 2008.

The site began as an information source for local events (its initial tagline was "Your inside source for Vancouver happenings") before eventually expanding into breaking news.

Mohamed said the company started to find its footing during the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, and further solidified its community standing with its coverage of the Vancouver Canucks' 2011 run to the Stanley Cup Final.

According to Mohamed awareness of Vancity Buzz among its core (18-35) audience has grown from 20% to more than 90% in recent years.

Eight years after its launch, it boasts 7.5 million monthly page views and a devout social media following that includes more than 304,000 fans on Facebook and another 153,000 Twitter followers.

Last year, the Downtown Vancouver BIA named Vancity Buzz its first-ever recipient of "The Emerging Leader Award," presented to what it described as "young leaders who are already changing our downtown for the better" and helping residents and businesses think of the city and its downtown in "fresh and interesting" ways.

The company's Vancouver success led the partners to launch a Calgary version, Calgary Buzz, in 2015.

That venture currently boasts 17,133 followers on Facebook and another 2,027 followers on Twitter.

The publisher caters to an audience that wants to make an impact in their community, said Mohamed.

"It's the ones who are trying to disturb the peace," he said.

"We didn't want to conform to any traditional norms.

We wanted to shake up an industry, and I think there are a lot of other people like us in our age range."

The Daily Hive officially launched in Toronto and Montreal Wednesday, while the company has grown to a full-time staff of 23 – up from three at this time in 2014 – and more than 60 freelance contributors.

Like most pure-play digital ventures, Daily Hive is comfortable working in the branded content space, with Mohamed singling out a recent Molson-sponsored series focusing on the city's best patios as an example of its work in the space.

"Native advertising is something that's a huge revenue generator for us," said Mohamed.

"The majority of our funds come through advertising, so we're always looking for ways we can stay ahead of the curve.

But whatever we put up on the site, regardless of what it is, has to be great content."

Regular advertisers on the Vancity Buzz site include Airbnb, local jeweller Ann-Louise Jewellers, footwear retailer Kintec and the food delivery service Skip the Dishes.

While the company does not disclose its financial results, previous reports have pegged its annual revenues in the seven figures.

The company has also hired Notable.ca's former Montreal editor-in-chief/manager and occasional Breakfast Television contributor Karolina Jez as its city editor in Montreal.

The company is expected to announce its Toronto city editor in the next week, said Mohamed.

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"Daily Hive", formerly known as "Vancity Buzz", is an online newspaper in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.


Marie Wilcox is the last fluent speaker of Wukchumni, a dialect of Tule-Kaweah, which is a Yokutsan indigenous language spoken by the Tule-Kaweah Yokuts of California.

(meta data) TITLE: Opinion | 'Who Speaks Wukchumni?' - The New York Times

Skip to contentSkip to site indexLog InToday's PaperOpinion|'Who Speaks Wukchumni?'

Aug. 18, 2014VideoThis short documentary profiles the last fluent speaker of Wukchumni, a Native American language, and her creation of a comprehensive dictionary.

Throughout the United States, many Native American languages are struggling to survive.

According to Unesco, more than 130 of these languages are currently at risk, with 74 languages considered "critically endangered."

These languages preserve priceless cultural heritage, and some hold unexpected value — nuances in these languages convey unparalleled knowledge of the natural world.

Many of these at-risk languages are found in my home state of California.

Now for some, only a few fluent speakers remain.

This Op-Doc tells the story of Marie Wilcox, the last fluent speaker of the Wukchumni language, and the dictionary she has created.

I met her through the Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival, an organization that encourages the revival of languages like Wukchumni.

Through training and mentorship, it has supported Ms. Wilcox's work for several years.

Ms. Wilcox's tribe, the Wukchumni, is not recognized by the federal government.

It is part of the broader Yokuts tribal group native to Central California.

Before European contact, as many as 50,000 Yokuts lived in the region, but those numbers have steadily diminished.

Today, it is estimated that fewer than 200 Wukchumni remain.

Like most Native Americans, the Wukchumni did not write their language until recently.

Although several linguists documented the grammar of the Wukchumni language in the 20th century, Ms. Wilcox's dictionary is the longest work of its kind.

Ms. Wilcox has also recorded an oral version of the dictionary, including traditional Wukchumni stories like the "How We Got Our Hands" parable featured in the film.

The pronunciation of the language, including intricate accents, will be preserved, which will assist future learners of the language.

For Ms. Wilcox, the Wukchumni language has become her life.

She spent more than seven years working on the dictionary and she continues to refine and update the text.

Through her hard work and dedication, she has created a document that will support the revitalization of the Wukchumni language for decades to come.

Along with her daughter Jennifer Malone she travels to conferences throughout California and meets other tribes who also struggle with language loss.

Although Wukchumni is now being taught to tribe members at a local career center, the language still struggles to gain traction and move beyond a rudimentary level.

Few seem able to dedicate the time needed to learn Wukchumni and become fluent speakers.

Without additional resources and interest, I fear the language, in any meaningful form, may soon exist only in Ms. Wilcox's dictionary.

Op-Docs is a forum for short, opinionated documentaries, produced with creative latitude by independent filmmakers and artists.

Learn more about Op-Docs and how to submit to the series.


Keane is an Advisory Board Member of Spirit of America, a 501(c)(3) organization that supports the safety and success of Americans serving abroad and the local people and partners they seek to help.

(meta data) TITLE: General Jack Keane | Spirit of America

General Jack Keane served 37 years in the Army, rising to the rank of four-star General.

Most recently, he held the position of the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army.

During his four years in this job as Chief Operating Officer of the United States Army, he managed operations of more than 1.5 million soldiers and civilians in over 120 countries and an annual budget in excess of $110 billion dollars.

Throughout his tenure in this position the Army has fought and won wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, while supporting numerous worldwide peace operation, maintaining readiness, and transforming to a faster, more deployable force.

As the Vice Chief of Staff, General Keane developed and maintained strong relationships, on behalf of the Army, with Congress, the media, opinion leaders, national security policy makers, and the American people.

In doing so, he delivered over 400 speeches in four years, communicating critical Department of Defense and Army messages.

He testified before Congress on 18 separate occasions on subjects as diverse as the war in Iraq, Military Health Care, the Budget, Environmental Law, Army Readiness and Army transformation.

General Keane was a career paratrooper who commanded at every level to include the 18th Airborne Corps and Fort Bragg, NC; the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) and Fort Campbell, KY; and the Joint Readiness Training Center.

He also served as the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the United States Atlantic Command prior to becoming the Army's Vice Chief of Staff, and was featured in Tom Clancy's book, AIRBORNE.

General Keane is a combat veteran having served as a platoon leader and company commander in Viet Nam.

His units deployed to Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia and Kosovo.

General Keane graduated from Fordham University business school in 1966 with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Accounting and holds a Masters of Arts Degree in Philosophy from Western Kentucky University.

His military education includes the Infantry Officers Basic and Advanced Courses, the United States Army Command and General Staff College, and the United States Army War College.

General Keane is the recipient of an honorary PH.D in Law from Fordham University and an honorary PH.D in Public Service from Eastern Kentucky University.

General Keane's Army awards and decorations include: two Defense Distinguished Service Medals, two Army Distinguished Service Medals, the Silver Star, five Legions of Merit, the Bronze Star Medal, the Ranger Tab, the Combat Infantryman's Badge, the Master Parachutist Badge, and the Air Assault Badge.

Since his retirement from the Army, General Keane is currently President GSI, LLC, is senior advisor to Kohlberg, Kravis, Roberts and Co. and advisor to Chairman and CEO, URS Corporation.

He is a director of METLIFE, Inc and General Dynamics Corporation.

General Keane serves as a member of the Department of Defense Policy Board.

He is also a military contributor and analyst for ABC News.

General Keane is married to the former Theresa W. Doyle.

They have two adult children, Matthew and Daniel.

General Keane is currently a member of the Spirit of America advisory board.

Learn more about our work helping America's troops, diplomats, and local people in the world's toughest places.

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He said, "You're going to get about 15 minutes at best and put it all out there. And when you walk out of that room, feel good that you got it all out there." So that was sound advice, and I did put it all out there. Keane was asked by Vice President Cheney to go back on active duty and lead the surge in the field. When Keane declined, Cheney pressed him to come work in the White House and oversee both the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq; Keane again declined. Keane ended up briefly working at the White House and then later traveled to Iraq several times to advise General Petraeus.
 Keane currently sits on the board of directors of  General Dynamics, and is a consultant/strategic advisor for Academi. Keane was a lobbyist for AM General, the firm that produces the Humvee. In October 2016, Keane became the AM General's executive chairman.


As of April 2013, the movie is reported to have survived but without a projection print as of yet.

(meta data) TITLE: Observations on film art : Silent films, old and new

Reinventing Hollywood: How 1940s Filmmakers Changed Movie Storytelling

Christopher Nolan: A Labyrinth of Linkages pdf online

Pandora's Digital Box: Films, Files, and the Future of Movies pdf online

Planet Hong Kong, second edition pdf online

Ozu and the Poetics of Cinema pdf online

Exporting Entertainment: America in the World Film Market 1907–1934 pdf online

CinemaScope: The Modern Miracle You See Without Glasses

Constructive editing in Pickpocket: A video essay

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A Celestial Cinémathèque? or, Film Archives and Me: A Semi-Personal History

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Preface, Croatian edition, On the History of Film Style

Reinventing Hollywood: How 1940s Filmmakers Changed Movie Storytelling

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017.

The Rhapsodes: How 1940s Critics Changed American Film Culture

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016.

Christopher Nolan: A Labyrinth of Linkages

Digital Box: Films, Files, and the Future of Movies

299 pages, 11 × 8.5 inches, 441 color illustrations

Frodo Franchise: The Lord of the Rings and Modern Hollywood

400 pages, 6 × 9 inches, 12 color illustrations;

to Amazon | go to The Frodo Franchise blog]

Textbook written with Kristin Thompson and Jeff Smith.

Textbook written with Kristin Thompson (first-named author).

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« "We didn't have a sense that VERTIGO was special":

Scoping things out: A new video lecture »

Sunday | April 21, 2013 open printable version

February and March have been good to silent cinema.

Time for a round-up of some highlights as we impatiently anticipate Il Cinema Ritrovato, coming up in a little over two months.

In reporting on the 2010 and 2011 programs of Il Cinema Ritrovato, I highlighted one of the festival's major revelations, that of the silent films of Albert Capellani.

These generous doses of Capellani's splendid films were put together by Mariann Lewinsky, who realized his importance after she included some of his shorts in her annual "Cento Anni Fa" programs.

In my entries I argued that Capellani was revealed as one of the early cinema's great masters.

(The 2010 entry is here, and the 2011 one here.)

Not surprisingly, during the intervening years, scholars have been busy researching Capellani's films and career.

March 6 to 24 saw a major retrospective at the Cinémathèque Française.

(Information on the program is still available online, as is a detailed press release.)

Shortly before it began, the first biography appeared: Christine Leteux's Albert Capellani: Cineaste du Romanesque, with a foreword by Kevin Brownlow.

Leteux discovered Capellani in May of 2012, thanks to seeing Notre-Dame de Paris and Les Misérables at the Forum des Images in Paris.

Setting out to learn more about the filmmaker, she realized how thoroughly his memory had nearly vanished from film history.

She sought out and received the cooperation of his grandson, Bernard Basset-Capellani, whom she describes as "intarissable" (inexhaustible) on the subject.

The result is a solid, traditional biography, with chapters mostly organized around the companies for which Capellani worked (Pathe, SCAGL, World, Mutual, and so on) and some of his key films (Les Misérables, The Red Lantern).

The prose style is easily readable French, at least to someone like me with an average knowledge of the language.

For an interview with Leteux concerning the book, see here.

The book is on sale at the Cinémathèque's shop, which unfortunately does not sell online.

It was supposed to be available on Amazon.fr, but so far is not.

The easiest way for those outside France to order it is through three third-party book-sellers on amazon.fr, all offering it at the cover price of 14.90 €.

Leteux's book is a vital source for anyone interested in early cinema.

I was pleased to see that the last chapter ends with some quotations from my second entry on Capellani, ending with "With the end of the main retrospective, however, it is safe to say that from now on anyone who claims to know early film history will need to be familiar with Capellani's work."

The book includes a filmography and list of films available on DVD.

These include a new one, a restoration of The Red Lantern by our friends at the Cinematek in Brussels, available on Amazon.fr or directly from the Cinematek's shop.

The French-language historical journal on cinema, 1895, timed its March, 2013 issue to coincide with the Cinémathèque's retrospective.

I have not had a chance to see it yet, but the table of contents is available here.

The only online purchasing source for individual issues I have found is here; the page gives a lengthy summary of the contents.

Mariann continues to search for more surviving prints for restoration and eventual inclusion in future editions of Il Cinema Ritrovato.

She has sent me some tantalizing news about recent discoveries and restorations.

There will be a third Capellani season in 2014.

This will probably include some of the director's American films: Social Hypocrites (now restored), Flash of the Emerald (the one surviving reel), Inside of the Cup (surviving but so far with no projection print), Eye for Eye (two surviving reals), Sisters, and the French film Le Nabab.

Other possible restorations include House of Mirth, La belle limonadiere, and Oh Boy!

A description of the 2013 Ritrovato festival is available here.

Early this year we posted our annual list of the ten best films of ninety years ago.

It featured the classic early documentary, Robert Flaherty's Nanook of the North.

In March our friends at Flicker Alley released a two-disc Blu-ray edition of Nanook paired with the 1934 Danish feature, The Wedding of Palo (Palos Brudefærd).

The latter is one of those titles that one occasionally encounters on the fringes of older historical surveys, but it has been difficult indeed to see.

This new print is a 2012 restoration from a George Eastman House original 35mm nitrate copy.

Nanook is familiar enough, but The Wedding of Palo is not.

It was made by the Danish explorer and anthropologist Knud Rasmussen, who appears in a brief introductory passage.

Clearly he was influenced by Flaherty's work.

He combines a simple fictional narrative with documentary scenes of traditional Inuit life in eastern Greenland.

The basic story involves the heroine Navarona, whose brothers are reluctant to lose their housekeeper by allowing her to marry.

Two men of the tribe court her and come into violent jealous conflict.

Interjected are sequences of a salmon hunt, a festival, a traditional song duel between the two rivals, and a polar-bear hunt.

The staged dialogue scenes involve sound recording, with no subtitles but the occasional brief intertitle to translate.

As in Nanook, the non-professional actors are remarkably natural, especially the "actress" portraying the heroine.

There is a cute young boy brought in at intervals for comic appeal, and the members of the village seem always to be laughing and enjoying a suspiciously carefree life.

The film has the advantage of more spectacular scenery than that in Flaherty's film, with huge mountains and glaciers in place of the vast ice-covered vistas (see bottom image).

As usual, the Flicker Alley team has gone beyond the call of duty with this release.

It includes not only the two features, but six bonus films, as described in the press release:

Nanook Revisited (Saumialuk) by Claude Massot was made in the same locations used by Flaherty.

It shows how Inuit life changed in the intervening decades, how Flaherty consciously depicted a culture which was then already vanishing, and how Nanook is used today to teach the Inuit their heritage.

Nanook Revisited was produced in 1988 on standard definition video for French television.

Dwellings of the Far North (1928) is the igloo-building sequence of Nanook re-edited and re-titled as an educational film; Arctic Hunt (1913) and extended excerpts from Primitive Love (1927) are by Arctic explorer Frank E. Kleinschmidt; Eskimo Hunters of Northwest Alaska (1949) by Louis deRochemont shows many activities seen in Nanook thirty years after, and Face of the High Arctic (1959) depicts the ecology of the region, produced by the National Film Board of Canada.

Altogether, the films run an impressive 281 minutes.

There's also a booklet with excerpts from Flaherty's book, My Eskimo Friends, an essay by Lawrence Millman, "Knud Rasmussen and The Wedding of Palo," and notes on the films.

Snow White and the Seven (?) Bullfighting Dwarves

In 2011, a French film, The Artist, gained huge attention in the infotainment media as a modern version of silent cinema, winning yet another Best Picture Oscar for the Weinstein brothers.

It was a reasonably successful imitation of mid- to late 1920s cinema during the transition to sound.

Now a much better modern silent film has arrived, Pablo Berger's Blancanieves, a loose version of the Snow White story transposed to 1920s Spain.

A famous bullfighter is paralyzed after being gored in the ring.

His wife dies in childbirth and his scheming nurse marries him.

She keeps his daughter, Carmen, away from her father by setting her to work as a downtrodden servant in his country estate.

Upon her father's death, the evil wife schemes to have her killed, and she escapes to the protection of a troupe of six bullfighting dwarves who, possessing uncertain arithmetic skills, bill themselves as seven bullfighting dwarves.

While The Artist was a fairly good imitation of 1920s Hollywood filmmaking, Blancanieves is a pastiche of the 1928-29 era of European silent cinema.

It draws on what I have termed the International Style of filmmaking, a late 1920s blend of influences from the French Impressionism, German Expressionism, and Soviet Montage movements.

One could almost pass it off as a genuine film of the era.

At times there are subjective effects à la Impressionism.

A superimposition conveys Carmen's memories of her father's crucial instructions to her, and superimposed images of hands waving handkerchiefs present the enthusiam of the crowd's plea for the bull to be pardoned.

This was also the period in which the power of the wide angle lens, particularly in close-ups and in low-angle shots, was exploited, initially in Soviet cinema and then all over Europe.

Blancanieves is full of such shots, as in the frame at the top of this entry and in these two shots from the opening scene:

There are also montage sequences, building up to flurries of very short shots.

This accelerated-editing technique is typical of both Soviet and French filmmaking of the era.

The too-frequent use of handheld camera in Blancanieves detracts somewhat from the feeling of authenticity.

In the late 1920s, cameras were too heavy to be handheld.

They could be strapped to the body of the cinematographer with harnesses, but that creates a subtly different look.

And during the late 1920s, shots with the camera holding on a character while the background spins around behind him or her would have been achieved by placing both camera and actor on a large turntable.

(This effect apparently was pioneered in Germany in the mid-1920s).

But the occasional dramatic lighting effects, particularly in the climactic scene, are distinctly reminiscent of German cinema.

In general, the narrative is charming and amusing.

The heroine's pet rooster provides exactly the sort of comic relief that is common in films of the 1920s, and the story has an effective fairy-tale quality.

I found the ending a bit disappointing and certainly not typical of the films of the 1920s.

Still, Berger has clearly watched an enormous number of 1920s European films and absorbed their styles.

He can imitate the International Style remarkably well, telling a tale that is appropriate to the 1920s and yet has a touch of humor that doesn't belittle the silent era.

Blancanieves was released in the US on March 29 and is currently making the rounds of art-houses and festivals.

Other entries discussing the International Style and wide-angle filming at the end of the silent era can be found here and here.

Last Modified: Sunday | April 21, 2013 @ 20:29 open printable version

on Sunday | April 21, 2013 at 8:29 pm and is filed under Art cinema, Directors: Capellani, Documentary film, Film comments, Film history, National cinemas: Denmark, National cinemas: Spain and Portugal, Silent film.

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In January 1921 a film adaptation of the novel was released, directed by Albert Capellani, and featuring William P. Carleton as John Hodder, David Torrence as Eldon Parr, and Edith Hallor as Alison Parr.


The organization aims to reform Taiwan's referendum laws and push for legislative review of the CSSTA, along with other cross-strait pacts and economic bills.

Student protesters form new group to tackle referendum rules | Society | FOCUS TAIWAN - CNA ENGLISH NEWS

FOCUS TAIWANCNA|Español|フォーカス台湾|Mobile|Business|Publications|Service|PhotosjapaneseespañolU.S. dollar down in Taipei tradingTaiwan shares open higherNew pro-independence political party launched in T...Taiwan to expand hand luggage checks to arrivals f...

Farm losses from recent rains estimated at almost ...Sunday's headlines newsTaiwan thanks Republican National Committee for supportive resolutionHome > Society

# Student protesters form new group to tackle referendum rules

Lin Fei-fan and Chen Wei-ting, the two main leaders of a recent student-led occupation of the Legislature, established a new organization on Sunday with the primary aim of pushing for reform of the country's referendum law.

Specifically, the new group, called Taiwan March, will advocate lowering the voter turnout threshold for a national referendum, which is currently 50 percent.

To this end, it will launch a petition seeking at least 100,000 signatures within six months, for an amendment to the Referendum Act, Lin said at a press conference.

In its broader efforts to push for political reforms, Taiwan March will collaborate with other civic groups to discuss draft bills on public issues such as free economic pilot zones in Taiwan and oversight of cross-strait agreements, Lin said.

The discussions will also include legislative review of a trade-in-services pact with China, he said, referring to the issue that spurred the student-led protests in Taiwan in March.

Chen, the more emotive of the two leaders, said Taiwan March has no intension at this point of evolving into a political party or joining any individual campaign for the year-end elections - not even that of the green-leaning independent Ko Wen-je who is running for Taipei mayor.

Lin and Chen led the Sunflower Movement, a series of protests organized by a coalition of students and civic groups from March 18 to April 10 against the cross-strait service trade pact.

(By Wen Kuei-hsiang and Jeffrey Wu)ENDITEM/pc

(Click here for a timeline of major events of the Sunflower Movement between March 17 and April 7.)

## Taiwan to expand hand luggage checks to arrivals from Philippines

## Farm losses from recent rains estimated at almost NT$17 million

## First case of domestic dengue fever in Taipei this year confirmed

## Magnitude 4.8 earthquake jolts eastern Taiwan

## Hualien forest office loses track of bear cub released into the wild

## Two handed life sentences for murder of baby girl

## Hundreds of Filipinos celebrate Ilocano heritage in Taichung

## Premier gives nod to minimum wage hike

## Taiwan passport to allow Hoklo, Hakka, indigenous language names

## Man missing hand, makes hands for others

In a meeting with Taiwanese politician James Soong on 7 May 2014, CPC General Secretary Xi Jinping said that economic integration between China and Taiwan was mutually beneficial, would bring positive results for both sides and should not be disturbed. Xi appeared to address the Sunflower Movement indirectly, saying China wanted to know more about the concerns of people in Taiwan.  Soong urged Beijing to be more tolerant of Taiwan's centrist and pluralist views.
 On May 18, Lin Fei-fan, Chen Wei-ting and Huang Kuo-chang formed a new organization, Taiwan March.


Olivier offered her the chance to work and study at the Bristol Old Vic, advising her to play anything they threw at her to get experience; she was under contract to the Rank Organisation, which vetoed the idea.

(meta data) TITLE: Jean Simmons: an unforgettable English rose | Film | The Guardian

(meta data) AUTHOR: https://www.theguardian.com/profile/philipfrench

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/theguardian

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2010-01-23T12:44:15-0500

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# Jean Simmons: an unforgettable English rose

Philip French pays tribute to the Rank Organisation starlet who went on to become one of Hollywood's most luminous actresses

First published on Sat 23 Jan 2010 12.44 EST

Jean Simmons and Marlon Brando in the 1955 film Guys and Dolls

Photograph: Everett Collection / Rex Features

Jean Simmons, who has died at the age of 80 of lung cancer in Santa Monica, California, was among the finest, most beautiful British movie actresses of the postwar years.

She was one of only two from that great 1940s flourishing of our native industry under J Arthur Rank to become a major star in Hollywood; the other was Deborah Kerr, with whom she twice appeared.

Born in 1929, the daughter of a gym teacher who had represented Britain in the 1912 Olympics, she grew up in Cricklewood, north London, of which she once disloyally remarked: "No Cricklewood girl would ever admit to being from there."

She got a deal of work as a child actress, without becoming a child star (her most memorable early appearance is singing at a forces concert in the morale-building wartime favourite The Way to the Stars), then found fame as a teenager.

She is often spoken of as a demure English rose, and indeed a 2004 American TV documentary was called Jean Simmons: Rose of England, and she crossed the Atlantic at a time when British actresses were not required to adopt American accents.

But the early roles that established her reputation were dangerously troubled figures in postwar British classics: Estella, the wilful agent of the destructive Miss Havisham in David Lean's Great Expectations (1946); the eastern temptress in the Himalayan convent in Powell and Pressburger's Black Narcissus (1947); and Ophelia in Laurence Olivier's Hamlet (1948).

In his review of Hamlet, America's greatest film critic of the time, James Agee, said she was "the only person in the picture who gives every one of her lines the bloom of poetry and the immediacy of ordinary life".

She received the first of her Oscar nominations for the part, though she had never read or seen a Shakespeare play before, and Olivier's suggestion that she go to drama school was vetoed by the Rank Organisation.

Rank then sold her contract to Howard Hughes, and she went to Hollywood in 1950 with her husband, Stewart Granger, then a major star and 16 years her senior, whom she had worked with on the romantic comedy Adam and Evelyne (1949).

The capricious Hughes ill-used her talent.

She flourished, however, as soon as she broke free of him, becoming for more than a decade one of the dominant performers in an industry where the studio system was in decline.

The first great part was playing the Roman patrician converted to Christianity in the widescreen epic The Robe (1953), the first feature made in CinemaScope.

In it she acted opposite Richard Burton, and at different times she co-starred with Robert Mitchum, Spencer Tracy (she called her first child Tracy Granger), Gregory Peck, Paul Newman, Marlon Brando, Burt Lancaster and Cary Grant, and was directed by Otto Preminger, George Cukor, Joseph L Mankiewicz, William Wyler, Stanley Kubrick, Stanley Donen and her second husband, Richard Brooks (with whom she had a daughter named Kate after Katharine Hepburn).

Simmons was impressive in her first Hollywood role as a homicidal psychopath in the noir thriller Angel (made under Hughes's auspices) and in 1958 gave one of her greatest performances as an overbearing academic's wife experiencing a breakdown in Home Before Dark.

Her characteristic roles at this time were strong but never sanctimonious super ego figures, people of moral stature, as varied as the Salvation Army officer Sarah Brown in Guys and Dolls (which allowed her to sing and show her delightful sense of comedy), the schoolmarm acting as a restraining influence during a Texas range war in The Big Country, the slave Verina courted by Kirk Douglas in Spartacus, and the dedicated evangelist in Elmer Gantry.

There are unforgettable scenes in all these pictures.

From the mid-70s onwards, her work was mainly for television in such mini-series as The Thorn Birds and North and South, and her career came full circle when she played Miss Havisham in a television version of Great Expectations.

She made a notable return to London and the stage in 1975 as Desirée Armfeldt in a West End production of Stephen Sondheim's A Little Night Music, a role created on Broadway by Glynis Johns, another British expatriate and Simmons's closest friend.

She was excellent, and infinitely superior to Elizabeth Taylor in the film version.

Most recently she came out of retirement to appear in a final movie in Britain, David Rocksavage's Shadows in the Sun, playing a frail, terminally ill poet determined to hang on to her family house in East Anglia, who dies shortly after watching an alfresco production of that wise play about departure and death, The Tempest.

It opened last June, the same day that Spartacus was reissued, and it was a deeply moving experience to see the two performances, separated by nearly half a century, on the same day.

Biography.:"Great Expectations" and stardom.

I thought acting was just a lark, meeting all those exciting movie stars, and getting £5 a day which was lovely because we needed the money. But I figured I'd just go off and get married and have children like my mother. It was working with David Lean that convinced me to go on. Simmons had support roles in "Hungry Hill" (1947) with Margaret Lockwood and the Powell-Pressburger film "Black Narcissus" (1947), playing an Indian in the latter alongside Sabu. Simmons was top-billed for the first time in a drama, "Uncle Silas" (1947). She followed it with "The Woman in the Hall" (1947).
 Neither of those films was particularly successful. But Simmons was then in a huge international hit, playing Ophelia in Laurence Olivier's "Hamlet" (1948), for which she received her first Oscar nomination.