johnmiceeee/5503h1 huggingface dataset:
user: What theories do Roland Faber and Catherine Keller combine with Whitehead's ideas?

assistant: poststructuralist, postcolonialist, and feminist theory
user: Who authored "Syntheism - Creating God in the Internet Age"?

assistant: Alexander Bard and Jan Söderqvist
user: Why is there difficulty in defining process theology ?

assistant: process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests
user: What was Whitehead's technical definition of religion?

assistant: "an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone."
user: What did Whitehead believe religion did with strong emotions?

assistant: religion takes deeply felt emotions and contextualizes them within a system of general truths about the world
user: What purpose did Whitehead believe religion served?

assistant: a kind of bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society
user: What did Whitehead believe was the job of religion regarding philosophy?

assistant: It is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people.
user: What is Mary Parker Follett known for?

assistant: pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior
user: What do Margaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton view as commonalities between Whitehead and Follett?

assistant: ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference."
user: What book did Stout and Jeanine M. Love author that further examines the on between Whitehead and Follett?

assistant: Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration
user: What did many asset managers decide to do to the detriment of their clients?

assistant: continue to invest client funds in over-priced (under-yielding) investments
user: What led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets?

assistant: a conflict of interest
user: Who is compensated based on the volume of client assets they have under management?

assistant: Professional investment managers
user: What is the incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management?

assistant: to maximize their compensation
user: What rationale did asset managers who continued to invest in over-priced investments to the detriment of their clients use?

assistant: plausible deniability
user: Who was Southern California-based IndyMac a spin-off of?

assistant: Countrywide Financial
user: On what date did IndyMac fail?

assistant: July 11, 2008
user: Which financial institution was the first one visible to run into trouble in the United States?

assistant: IndyMac
user: Before its failure, which savings and loan association was the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States?

assistant: IndyMac Bank
user: Who was IndyMac's parent corporation?

assistant: IndyMac Bancorp
user: When did Moody's and Standard & Poor downgrade a significant number of IndyMac's MBS bonds?

assistant: April 2008
user: If IndyMac's downgraded MBS bond ratings had been in effect at March 31, 2008, what would the bank's capital ratio have been?

assistant: 9.27%
user: What was the value of IndyMac's MBS bonds retained in its MBS portfolio that were downgraded in April 2008?

assistant: $160 million
user: What was one of the agencies that downgraded a significant number of IndyMac's MBS bonds in April 2008?

assistant: Moody's
user: Who is the Senator that asked FDIC if it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on brokered deposits?

assistant: Charles Schumer (D-NY)
user: What does the abbreviation FDIC stand for?

assistant: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
user: How much of IndyMac's total deposits of $18.9 billion on March 31, 2008 were considered brokered deposits?

assistant: a little over $7 billion
user: Had the FDIC disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits on this date, the threat of brokered deposit losses would have been $500 million a month?

assistant: June 30
user: How much was the threat of brokered deposit losses per month to IndyMac?

assistant: $500 million
user: How much in deposits did account holders withdraw from IndyMac in late June 2008?

assistant: $1.55 billion
user: What percent of IndyMac's deposits were withdrawn by account holders in late June 2008?

assistant: 7.5%
user: What was the value of loans IndyMac was forced to hold when the secondary mortgage market collapsed in late 2007?

assistant: $10.7 billion
user: Who is the Senator that released a letter to the FDIC and OTS that prompted a "run" on IndyMac?

assistant: Charles Schumer
user: What was the underlying cause of the failure on IndyMac?

assistant: unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated
user: What was the name of the bridge bank established to assume control of IndyMac Bank's assets, liabilities and deposit accounts?

assistant: IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB
user: What is the maximum amount of funds the FDIC guarantees in insured accounts?

assistant: US$100,000
user: How many IndyMac account holders held funds in excess of the FDIC's insured amount of US$100,000?

assistant: roughly 10,000 depositors
user: On what date did the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship?

assistant: July 11, 2008
user: On what date did the FDIC plan to open IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB?

assistant: July 14, 2008
user: How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008?

assistant: Over 100
user: Who is the investment bank that was feared to collapse in March 2008 and was sold in a fire-sale to JP Morgan Chase?

assistant: Bear Stearns
user: When did the financial institution crisis hit its peak?

assistant: September and October 2008
user: When did Lehman's former CEO appear before Representative Henry A. Waxman?

assistant: Oct. 6, 2008
user: What firm filed the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history?

assistant: Lehman Brothers
user: The equivalent of a bank run on which funds occurred in September 2008?

assistant: money market funds
user: How much was withdrawn from money markets during one week in September 2008?

assistant: $144.5 billion
user: What was the record high for the TED spread on October 10, 2008?

assistant: 4.65%
user: Economist Paul Krugman explained the credit crisis via the implosion of which system?

assistant: shadow banking system
user: What is the system with nearly equal the importance of traditional commercial banking?

assistant: shadow banking system
user: The shadow banking system could not provide funds to mortgage firms and other corporations without the ability to obtain which funds?

assistant: investor funds
user: What was Timothy Geithner's position during the fall of 2008?

assistant: U.S. Treasury Secretary
user: How much of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen until June 2009?

assistant: nearly one-third
user: What is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing?

assistant: the collapse of the shadow banking system
user: What institution reported that the traditional banking systems does not have the capital to close the gap in the lending mechanism?

assistant: Brookings Institution
user: What is likely to vanish forever, as a result of excessively loose credit conditions?

assistant: some forms of securitization
user: As of June 2009, the Brookings Institution reports that traditional banking system does not have enough of what to close the lending gap?

assistant: capital
user: How much net worth did Americans lose between June 2007 and November 2008?

assistant: more than a quarter
user: In November 2008, how much was the U.S. stock index down from its 2007 high?

assistant: 45%
user: In November 2008, how much had housing prices drop from their 2006 peak?

assistant: 20%
user: How much was home equity valued in the United States at its peak in 2006?

assistant: $13 trillion
user: How much was home equity valued in the United States in mid-2008?

assistant: $8.8 trillion
user: According to economist Dean Baker, a homeowner who has no equity if this type default risk?

assistant: serious
user: What is one of the major problems with the economy in November 2008?

assistant: loss of close to $6 trillion in housing wealth
user: How many homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago, have little no equity as of November 2008?

assistant: Tens of millions
user: How did profit prospects for businesses look in November 2008 compared to November 2007?

assistant: much worse
user: What investment bank stated on October 6 that 2008 would see a global recession lasting for at least two years?

assistant: UBS
user: On October 16, 2008, how long did UBS predict the United States' recession would last?

assistant: three quarters
user: Relative to the size of its economy, what country's banking collapse was the largest experienced by any country in economic history?

assistant: Iceland
user: What was one of the actions taken by government to fix the financial crisis?

assistant: capital injection
user: According to The Brookings Institution report in June 2009, how much growth did U.S. consumption account for between 2000 and 2007?

assistant: more than a third
user: For the first quarter of 2009, what was the annualized rate of decline in GDP in Germany?

assistant: 14.4%
user: For the first quarter of 2009, what was the annualized rate of decline in GDP in Mexico?

assistant: 21.5%
user: Who depended on the U.S. consumer as a source of global demand?

assistant: the rest of the world
user: What is one reason for the decline in growth around the world in 2009?

assistant: recession in the U.S.
user: How much were remittances sent from migrant workers in 2007?

assistant: $251 billion
user: What does Bruno Wenn of the German DEG recommend to attract new investors?

assistant: sound economic policymaking and good governance
user: According to Overseas Development Institute, what is one reason for the reduction in growth in developing countries?

assistant: falls in trade
user: What area of the world was less severely affected by the credit crunch according to The World Bank report In February 2009?

assistant: Arab World
user: Arab countries entered the financial crisis in exceptionally strong positions giving them a cushion against this?

assistant: global downturn
user: What was the U.S. unemployment rate in October 2009?

assistant: 10.1%
user: What was the average hours per work week in October 2009?

assistant: 33
user: What was the annual rate of decrease for the output of goods and services produced by labor and property in 4Q 2008 and 1Q 2009?

assistant: 6%
user: The U.E. employment rate was 10.2% in October 2009, which was the highest rate since what year?

assistant: 1983
user: The decline of gross domestic product also caused a decline in innovation, evidenced by the flat-lining of what?

assistant: patent applications
user: Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address which problem?

assistant: faulty risk-weightings
user: What term describes creating risk-free assets out of high risk collateral?

assistant: financial engineering
user: What did European regulators introduce to increase the oversight of banks?

assistant: Basel III regulations
user: Who argued that regulations led to excessive lending to risky governments?

assistant: Johan Norberg
user: When did the U.S. recession that began in December 2007 end?

assistant: June 2009
user: When does the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis to?

assistant: 2008
user: What was the name of the article that appeared in TIME magazine in April 2009 declaring the crisis over?

assistant: More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over."
user: On what date did President Barack Obama declare that the markets are stabilized?

assistant: January 27, 2010
user: Who led global economic growth after the financial crisis?

assistant: "emerging" and "developing" economies
user: How much global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014?

assistant: 69%
user: What relationship between advanced and emerging/developing was completely overturned by the financial crisis of 2007?

assistant: global economic growth
user: How much global GDP did "advanced" economies account for from 2007 to 2014?

assistant: 31%
user: Who believed that the growth of the commercial real estate bubble indicated that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis?

assistant: Krugman
user: When did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders issue a report about commercial mortgage-backed securities?

assistant: December 2010
user: According to business journalist Kimberly Amadeo, when did the first signs of decline in real estate occur?

assistant: 2006
user: According to most analysts, what crisis took place after the crisis in residential real estate?

assistant: the crisis in commercial real estate
user: What is one investment assigned safe ratings by the credit rating agencies?

assistant: collateralized debt obligation
user: How much did the pool of money invested worldwide in fixed income investments grow in size from 2000 to 2007?

assistant: roughly doubled in size
user: What is an example of a product Wall Street invented to answer the demand for income generating investments?

assistant: mortgage-backed security
user: In the 2000s, investors were seeking higher yields than those offered by this investment?

assistant: U.S. Treasury bonds
user: What is the name of the securities that enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime?

assistant: collateralized debt obligation
user: What was the outcome of collateralized debt obligations?

assistant: extending or increasing the housing bubble
user: What type ratings did securities first in line receive from rating agencies?

assistant: investment-grade ratings
user: What type pool do collateralized debt obligations place their payments from mortgages into?

assistant: single pool
user: What securities had lower credit ratings but potentially a higher rate of return?

assistant: Securities with lower priority
user: How much had average U.S. housing prices declined by September 2008?

assistant: over 20%
user: When was the peak of U.S. housing prices?

assistant: mid-2006
user: How many foreclosure proceedings were initiated by lenders in 2007?

assistant: nearly 1.3 million
user: What was the percentage increase on foreclosure proceedings from 2007 to 2008?

assistant: 81%
user: How many U.S. mortgages were either delinquent or in foreclosure by September 2009?

assistant: 14.4%
user: Was was the federal funds rate target lowered to by the Federal Reserve in 2003?

assistant: 1.0%
user: What is one reason the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target to 1.0% in 2003?

assistant: to combat a perceived risk of deflation
user: In the early 2000s, what type bubble did some economists believe the Fed needed to create to replace the Nasdaq bubble?

assistant: a housing bubble
user: What contributed greatly to the severity of the financial crisis of 2007?

assistant: excessive credit growth
user: What encouraged borrowing from 2000 to 2003?

assistant: Lower interest rates
user: Per Bernanke, how much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004?

assistant: $650 billion
user: What percentage of GDP was the U.S. current account deficit in 2004?

assistant: 5.8%
user: What emerging economies did the U.S. borrow money from between 1996 and 2004 to finance its imports?

assistant: Asia and oil-exporting nations
user: What type account is needed by the U.S. to balance an account deficit?

assistant: capital account
user: Where did the U.S. obtain capital to finance its imports?

assistant: foreign funds
user: Beginning in July 2004, what did the Fed do to make ARM rates more expensive for homeowners?

assistant: raised the Fed funds rate
user: How did U.S. housing and financial assets react to the housing bubble burst?

assistant: dramatically declined in value
user: Richard M. Bowen III testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding his tenure at which financial institution?

assistant: Citigroup
user: How many underwriters was Richard M. Bowen III responsible for at Citigroup?

assistant: 220
user: What percent of mortgages purchased by Citigroup in 2006 were defective?

assistant: 60%
user: In 2006, how many mortgage companies were contractually responsible to meet Citi's standards?

assistant: 1,600
user: During 2007, what was the percent of defective mortgages not underwritten to Citi's standards?

assistant: over 80%
user: Who was the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company?

assistant: Clayton Holdings
user: According to Clayton Holdings, how many mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 met underwriting standards?

assistant: 54%
user: How many investment and commercial banks were included in Clayton Holdings' analysis of January 2006 to June 2007 loans? 

assistant: 23
user: Per Clayton's analysis of loans issued from January 2006 to June 2007, what percent of loans did not meet minimal standards of any issuer?

assistant: 28%
user: How many mortgage loans did Clayton Holdings review in their analysis?

assistant: 900,000
user: What is the name for lending that entices borrowers to enter into unsafe secured loans?

assistant: Predatory lending
user: What company used a classic bait-and-switch method by advertising low interest rates?

assistant: Countrywide Financial
user: Which type loan would the consumer be put into instead of the 1% or 1.5% interest rate loan as advertised?

assistant: adjustable rate mortgage (ARM)
user: What was created when the interest charged was greater than the amount of interest paid?

assistant: negative amortization
user: What type predatory lending method did Countrywide Financial use?

assistant: classic bait-and-switch
user: Who sued Countrywide for unfair business practices and false advertising?

assistant: California Attorney General Jerry Brown
user: What type mortgages allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments?

assistant: adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs)
user: Who made the decision to seize Countrywide after their financial condition deteriorated?

assistant: Office of Thrift Supervision
user: What type credit did borrowers obtaining mortgages from Countrywide have?

assistant: weak credit
user: What economist believed that regulations did not keep up with financial innovation?

assistant: Paul Krugman
user: Who was the U.S. Treasury Secretary dealing with the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007?

assistant: Timothy Geithner
user: Which group's study suggested that Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices?

assistant: OECD
user: It has been argued that what did not keep up with financial innovation?

assistant: regulatory framework
user: What type financial instruments are off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives?

assistant: complex
user: What are the type financial instruments that were difficult for creditors and regulators to monitor?

assistant: complex financial instruments
user: How many U.S. investment banks significantly increased their financial leverage from 2004 to 2007?

assistant: five
user: U.S. investment banks Increased their financial leverage and also increased their vulnerability to what?

assistant: financial shock
user: Changes in what intended to keep U.S. banks competitive with their European counterparts?

assistant: capital requirements
user: How much debt did the top five U.S. investment banks report in fiscal year 2007?

assistant: over $4.1 trillion
user: What financial institution went bankrupt and was liquidated in 2007?

assistant: Lehman Brothers
user: What is an example of something that can be detrimental if too many individuals pursue the same behavior?

assistant: saving more during adverse economic conditions
user: What is it called when too many consumers attempt to save or pay down debt at the same time?

assistant: paradox of thrift
user: What will happen if too many consumers save or pay down debt simultaneously?

assistant: can cause or deepen a recession
user: Who is the economist who described a "paradox of deleveraging"?

assistant: Hyman Minsky
user: Financial institutions cannot all de-leverage simultaneously without a decline in the value of this?

assistant: their assets
user: Who was the U.S. Federal Reserve vice-chair in April 2009?

assistant: Janet Yellen
user: What happened soon after the massive credit crunch hit?

assistant: we were in a recession
user: What was one of the actions businesses took to preserve cash?

assistant: cancelling planned investments
user: What occurred in nearly every corner of the economy after the financial crisis of 2007?

assistant: balance sheet deleveraging
user: What is an example of financial innovation pertinent to the financial crisis?

assistant: adjustable-rate mortgage
user: What is the abbreviation for a form of credit insurance called credit default swaps?

assistant: CDS
user: What is the financial innovation that bundles subprime mortgages?

assistant: mortgage-backed securities (MBS)
user: What happened to the usage of financial innovation products in the years leading up the financial crisis?

assistant: expanded dramatically
user: When did the issuance of CDO peak?

assistant: Q1 2007
user: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance in Q1 2004?

assistant: $20 billion
user: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance at it's peak in Q1 2007?

assistant: over $180 billion
user: What percent of CDO assets were subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt in 2007?

assistant: 36%
user: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance in Q1 2008?

assistant: under $20 billion
user: What effect did the introduction of innovative financial products have on a single mortgage?

assistant: multiplied the number of actors connected
user: What did institutions rely more on as increasing distance from underlying assets occurred?

assistant: indirect information
user: What is a type of indirect information that financial institutions and investors used to judge the risk?

assistant: computer models of rating agencies
user: In what year did a group of computer scientists build a model for ratings produced by rating agencies that turned out to be accurate for what happened in 2006-2008?

assistant: 2005
user: What is the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on addition risk called?

assistant: pricing of risk
user: According to several scholars, what prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis?

assistant: lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures
user: How should risk levels have been disclosed according to several scholars?

assistant: straightforward, readily understandable format
user: What was the outcome of the financial crisis since risk levels were not adequately disclosed?

assistant: far more disruptive
user: What are the reasons market participants did not understand the impact financial innovation products would have?

assistant: a variety of reasons
user: How much did JPMorgan estimate was the average recovery rate for high quality CDOs that had been liquidated?

assistant: approximately 32 cents on the dollar
user: How much did JPMorgan estimate was the average recovery rate for mezzanine CDOs that had been liquidated?

assistant: approximately five cents for every dollar
user: How much did banks estimate was the value of CDOs sold between late 2005 to the middle of 2007?

assistant: $450bn
user: What firm insured obligations of various financial institutions using credit default swaps?

assistant: AIG
user: How much money did taxpayers provide in government support to AIG during 2008 and early 2009?

assistant: over $180 billion
user: What did AIG receive for promising to pay Party A in the event that Party B defaulted?

assistant: a premium
user: Who commented that the super-boom got out of hand when products became so complicated that risk could not be accurately calculated?

assistant: George Soros
user: Who did rating agencies rely on for information to rate financial innovation products?

assistant: the originators of synthetic products