johnmiceeee/5503h1 huggingface dataset:
user: Aside from Italo-Dalmatian, what is another term for the group that Italian languages belong to?

assistant: Romance
user: Campidanese Sardinian is a variant of what language?

assistant: The Sardinian language
user: What language family does Gallurese belong to?

assistant: Italo-Dalmatian
user: What language family does Ligurian belong to?

assistant: Gallo-Romance
user: Where is the Catalan Algherese dialect spoken?

assistant: Sardinian
user: Along with British English, what is the major variant of the English language?

assistant: American English
user: What are the two major variants of Serbo-Croatian?

assistant: Serbian and Croatian
user: Are British and American English regarded as distinct languages, or dialects of a single language?

assistant: dialects of a single language
user: Do regional linguists treat Serbian and Croation as distinct languages or as dialects of a single language?

assistant: distinct languages
user: Why are Serbian and Croatian often treated like distinct languages?

assistant: the two countries oscillate from being brotherly to being bitter enemies
user: Along with Serbian, with what language is Macedonian mutually intelligible?

assistant: Bulgarian
user: What do Bulgarian linguists regard the Macedonian language as?

assistant: a Bulgarian dialect
user: During the Lebanese Civil War, what language did Lebanese Christians sometimes use officially?

assistant: Lebanese Arabic
user: What script did Lebanese Christians sometimes use to write Lebanese Arabic during the civil war?

assistant: Latin
user: Along with Morocco and Tunisia, in what country are the Darijas spoken?

assistant: Algeria
user: During what century did the Russian government claim that Ukrainian was a Russian dialect?

assistant: 19th
user: What Russian government claimed that Ukrainian was not a distinct language?

assistant: the Tsarist Government
user: The conquest of western Ukraine by what country altered the language of Ukraine?

assistant: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
user: What Ukrainian political group was involved in the defeat of the German Empire?

assistant: Bolsheviks
user: Who did the Ukrainian Bolsheviks conquer the Ukraine from?

assistant: Whites
user: After what war did Moscow begin to repress the Ukrainian language?

assistant: World War II
user: Why did Moscow begin to repress the Ukrainian language?

assistant: Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers
user: Surzhyk is a dialect intermediate between the Ukrainian language and what other language?

assistant: Russian
user: Who was the president of Moldova in 1996?

assistant: Mircea Snegur
user: In what year was a Moldovan-Romanian dictionary published?

assistant: 2003
user: Fear of what caused the Moldovan parliament to reject changing the name of the country's language to Romanian in 1996?

assistant: Romanian expansionism
user: Who was the head of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova?

assistant: Ion Bărbuţă
user: From the time of the Ming dynasty, what city was the capital of China?

assistant: Beijing
user: At its founding. what was the official language of the Republic of China?

assistant: Standard Mandarin
user: From the perspective of historical linguists, what are Romance languages dialects of?

assistant: Latin
user: What do many historical linguists consider modern Greek to be a dialect of?

assistant: Ancient Greek
user: Tok Pisin might be regarded as a dialect of what language?

assistant: English
user: With what romance language does Spanish not have a high degree of mutual comprehensibility?

assistant: French
user: What is the reason for French and Italian not being very mutually comprehensible?

assistant: French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change
user: Along with foods and family relationships, what sorts of words are similar in French and Italian?

assistant: body parts
user: When forming compound tenses in Spanish, what auxiliary is no longer used?

assistant: sere
user: What language could all Western languages be considered dialects of?

assistant: Interlingua
user: Researchers at what organization study and develop Interlingua?

assistant: International Auxiliary Language Association
user: What was the nationality of high school students who learned Interlingua in a notable linguistic experiment?

assistant: Swedish
user: Along with Italian and Spanish, what language could Swedish Interlingua learners translate?

assistant: Portuguese
user: Along with Standard Average European, from what concept was Interlingua derived?

assistant: the international scientific vocabulary
user: What term is used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820?

assistant: the Classical period
user: What years are termed the Baroque period? 

assistant: 1600–1750
user: What is the period from 1750 to 1820 called?

assistant: the Classical period
user: What time period is known at the common practice period?

assistant: between 1550 and 1900
user: How is European art music distinguished from non-European and popular music?

assistant: its system of staff notation
user: What method is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches, tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music?

assistant: Western staff notation
user: What popular styles practice improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation?

assistant: jazz and blues
user: Since it is written down, classical music can attain a high level of what? 

assistant: complexity
user: How is European art music distinguished from many other musical forms?

assistant: its system of staff notation
user: How long has the system of staff notation been in use?

assistant: since about the 16th century
user: Jazz and blues use ad libitum and what other ornamentation? 

assistant: improvisation
user: When did the term "classical music" appear? 

assistant: the early 19th century
user: What period is referred to as a "golden age"?

assistant: the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven
user: What year is the earliest reference to 'classical music'?

assistant: 1836
user: What book holds the earliest reference to 'classical music'?

assistant: Oxford English Dictionary
user: What 'age' is the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven referred to as?

assistant: golden age
user: What two characteristics of classical music can not be attributed to other genres?

assistant: use of a printed score and the performance of very complex instrumental works
user: The use of a printed score and the performance of very complex instrumental works are characteristics of what?

assistant: classical music
user: J.S. Bach's fugues create a coherent harmonic logic that would be impossible for what other style of music?

assistant: live improvisation
user: The score determines how various parts are coordinated, pitch, and what other detail?

assistant: rhythm
user: Who's fugues achieve a remarkable marriage of boldly distinctive melodic lines?

assistant: J.S. Bach's
user: The score does not provide complete and exact instruction on how to do what?

assistant: perform a historical work
user: In what era were many works designed for basso continuo accompaniment? 

assistant: the Baroque era
user: Vibrato and glissando are possible on stringed, brass, woodwind and what other style instrument?

assistant: the human voice
user: Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical what?

assistant: improvisation
user: What was Mozart noted for?

assistant: his ability to improvise melodies in different styles
user: Instrument currently used in most classical music where invented before what period?

assistant: the mid-19th century
user: A symphony orchestra includes members of the string, woodwind, percussion and what other family of instruments?

assistant: brass
user: What does a symphony orchestra have that is missing from a concert band?

assistant: a string section
user: What was an early version of the trombone called? 

assistant: sackbut
user: Loud, shrill, and outdoor instruments were referred to as 'haut', while quieter, more intimate instruments were referred to as what?

assistant: bas
user: What genre was predominately Gregorian chant during the earlier medieval period?

assistant: liturgical
user: When did the Polyphonic vocal genre begin to develop?

assistant: during the high medieval era
user: What word means using a single unaccompanied vocal melody line?

assistant: monophonic
user: What has disappeared, then been recreated in order to perform music of the period?

assistant: authentic instruments
user: Modern day instrument may be classified as brass, string, woodwind and what other classification?

assistant: percussion
user: Brass instruments were traditionally played by profession guild members during what era?

assistant: the Renaissance
user: Stringed instruments during the Renaissance included the viol, the lyre, the cittern, the lute and what other instrument?

assistant: the hurdy-gurdy
user: The tambourine, bells and rumble-pot are all what type of instrument?

assistant: Percussion
user: Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for an increasingly elaborate what?

assistant: polyphonic style
user: What liturgical form besides motets endured throughout the entire Renaissance period?

assistant: masses
user: Monody, the madrigal comedy, and intermedio are all precursors to what?

assistant: opera
user: The cello, contrabrass and fortepiano were new instruments during what period?

assistant: Baroque
user: What happened to the shawn and the wooden cornet during the Baroque period?

assistant: fell into disuse
user: What was less standardized during the Baroque era?

assistant: the types of instruments used in ensembles
user: Two violins, a viola, and a cello make up what type of group?

assistant: a classical era string quartet
user: Keyboard instruments included the pip organ, harpsichord and what other instrument?

assistant: clavichord
user: What is an example of a stringed chordal instrument during the Baroque period?

assistant: a lute
user: From the 1750's to the early 1830's is the era of Mozart and what other composer?

assistant: Haydn
user: Classical music can mean all Western art music or more specifically from the 1750's to when?

assistant: the early 1830s
user: The broad meaning of classical music stretches back from today to what era?

assistant: the Medieval era
user: The theorbo and what other Baroque instrument fell into disuse?

assistant: rackett
user: The violin, cello, contrabass and what other instrument form the string section of the orchestra?

assistant: viola
user: The flute, oboe and bassoon are all what type of instrument?

assistant: Woodwinds
user: What instrument fell out of use after the 1760s?

assistant: the harpsichord
user: What instrument was the precursor of the tuba?

assistant: the ophicleide
user: PIccolo, contrabassoon, and trombones add to the triumphal finales of what piece by Beethoven?

assistant: Symphony No. 5
user: How long was symphonic instrumentation faithful to Beethoven's after he died?

assistant: several decades
user: What did Beethoven expand in his Symphonies, 3, 5, 6 and 9?

assistant: timbral "palette"
user: A Piccolo and trombones provides the illusion of storm and what in Beethoven's Sixth Symphony?

assistant: sunshine
user: What instrument did the modern piano take over for in the Romantic era?

assistant: fortepiano
user: What wasn't rich enough for many Romantic composers?

assistant: the standard orchestral palette
user: Classical sections were expanded in the Romantic era for a fuller and bigger what?

assistant: sound
user: When do saxophones first appear in scores?

assistant: the late 19th century
user: Saxophone was featured as a solo instrument in what Sergei Rachmaninoff piece?

assistant: Symphonic Dances
user: How is the saxophone features in Ravel's Bolero?

assistant: as a member of the orchestral ensemble
user: The euphonium usually played parts marked as what?

assistant: "tenor tuba"
user: What is the name of the modified member of the horn family appearing in several works by Strauss?

assistant: The Wagner tuba
user: Which symphony of Anton Bruckner's does the Wagner tuba have a prominent role in?

assistant: Symphony No. 7 in E Major
user: Who wrote the ballet Swan Lake?

assistant: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
user: What will orchestras use to augment their regular rosters?

assistant: freelance musicians
user: What type of instrument appears occasionally in the 20th and 21st century styles of classical music?

assistant: Electric
user: In what did the bagpipe fill an important role?

assistant: early classical music,
user: What instrument gained prominence in the 19th and 20th century?

assistant: the acoustic guitar
user: Vihuelas and hurdy-gurdies are currently associated with what type of music?

assistant: popular
user: What type of temperament became accepted during the 18th century?

assistant: equal temperament
user: When did equal temperament become accepted as the dominant musical temperament?

assistant: the 18th century
user: What does a B.mus. or M.mus. degree include?

assistant: individual lessons from professors
user: Performance of classical music requires proficiency in what type of reading?

assistant: sight-reading
user: Familiarty with the style expected for any given composer is required for what kind of performance?

assistant: classical music
user: Billy Joel and Elton John have both had what type of training?

assistant: classical
user: What gender of musician has historically made up a large amount of professional orchestras?

assistant: male
user: What year did the Vienna Philharmonic first accept women?

assistant: 1997
user: Which major orchestra was the last to appoint a woman to a permanent position?

assistant: the Berlin Philharmonic
user: Who was the principal flute for the Vienna Philharmonic in 1996?

assistant: Dieter Flury
user: In what year did the Vienna Philharmonic face protests in the US?

assistant: 1997
user: Who was the first woman admitted to the Vienna Philharmonic?

assistant: Anna Lelkes
user: How many female members were part of the Vienna Philharmonic in 2013?

assistant: six
user: Who was the Vienna Philharmonic's first female concertmaster?

assistant: Albena Danailova
user: What type of audition are expected to eliminator gender or racial prejudice?

assistant: 'blind' auditions
user: In what section of the New York Philharmonic do women outnumber men?

assistant: violin
user: Works of classical repertoire exhibit what in their use of orchestration and harmony, and form?

assistant: complexity
user: The concerto, symphony, sonata and opera are examples of what type of musical forms?

assistant: sophisticated
user: How many movements are symphonies written in the Classical period usually divided into?

assistant: four
user: What, typically, is the speed of the second movement in a classical piece?

assistant: slow
user: What era has the 21st century has been characterized by?

assistant: the contemporary/postmodern musical era
user: Who is classified as Romantic, but also uses counterpoint and fugue?

assistant: Brahms
user: Some authorities reverse terminologies to refer to the common practice period as a what?

assistant: era
user: A Contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era is described with what prefix?

assistant: neo
user: What century were Neoclassical compositions written in?

assistant: 20th-century
user: Who suggested that Western classical music is rooted to ancient Egyptian art music?

assistant: Burgh
user: What can Plainsong or Gregorian chant also be called?

assistant: Monophonic chant
user: When did Monophonic chant stop being the dominant form?

assistant: 1100
user: The notation of music on a what began to take shape at this time?

assistant: staff
user: When was the movable-type printing press invented?

assistant: the 15th century
user: The sahwm was an early family member of what instrument?

assistant: the oboe
user: When did many of the ideas that make up western classical music take shape?

assistant: The common practice period
user: Basso continuo and complex tonal counterpoint characterize what type of music? 

assistant: Baroque
user: What did music become during the Baroque era  in comparison with earlier periods?

assistant: more complex
user: What form began to take shape during the Baroque era? 

assistant: the sonata form
user: Major and minor what are means for managing dissonance and chromaticism?

assistant: tonalities
user: What did vocalist add to melodies beginning in the Baroque era?

assistant: embellishments
user: What does equal temperament enabled in hard to tune keyboard instruments?

assistant: a wider range of chromatic possibilities
user: What became more standardized during the classical era?

assistant: The basic forces required for an orchestra
user: How many muscians, at most, could make up a chamber ensemble during the classical period?

assistant: 10
user: What type of instrument was somewhat standardized int eh Baroque era?

assistant: double reeded
user: Free-form pieces like nocturnes and preludes were a break from what era?

assistant: Classical
user: Composers and musicians began to construct lives independent of what in the 19th century?

assistant: the nobility
user: What class increased it's interest in music during the 19th century?

assistant: middle classes
user: What instrument became widely popular in the middle class in the 19th century?

assistant: The piano
user: What size of choirs have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?

assistant: over 400
user: What size orchestras have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?

assistant: over 150
user: What allowed Brass instruments to play a wider range of notes?

assistant: rotary valves
user: Edvard Grieg and Antonin Dvorak used what kind of music in their compositions?

assistant: traditional music of their homelands
user: What style does 20th century classical music encompass?

assistant: post-Romantic
user: Composers rejected the traditions of the common practice period during what era?

assistant: Modernism
user: Who asked why is music composed by women so marginal to the standard 'classical' repertoire?

assistant: Musicologist Marcia Citron
user: What type of view is that classical music is primarily written musical tradition?

assistant: modernist
user: Why is written musical notation effective? 

assistant: contains the technical instructions for performing the work
user: Did student who actively listen to classical music before studying have higher or lower scores?

assistant: higher
user: What happened to the scores of students who listened to rock and roll or country?

assistant: moderately lower
user: Who experience a significant leap in their academic performance?

assistant: students who used classical during the course of study
user: How many IQ points of a students' does the Mozart effect temporarily boost?

assistant: 8 to 9 points
user: How much did the Governor of Georgia budget per year to provide every child with a CD of classical music?

assistant: $105,000
user: What harmed the music industry in the 20th century according to Shawn Vancour?

assistant: the commercialization of classical music
user: Who argued that the commercialization of classical music was harmful to the music industry?

assistant: Shawn Vancour
user: Why was the commercialization of classical music harmful to the music industry according the Shawn Vancour? 

assistant: inadequate representation.
user: What does classical music convey in movies and television?

assistant: refinement or opulence
user: What piece by Vivaldi is used as a cliche to convey opulence?

assistant: Four Seasons
user: What piece by Mozart is used as a cliche to convey refinement?

assistant: Eine kleine Nachtmusik
user: Performers can use their knowledge of what to help interpret a written score?

assistant: the work's idiom
user: There is still controversy about how to perform works, even though scores provide what?

assistant: key elements of the music
user: What can solo performers exhibit during a cadenza?

assistant: their virtuoso skills on the instrument
user: What type of performances of Baroque ear Operas require improvisation?

assistant: authentic performances
user: An example of improvisation in an opera is Beverly Sills variation of what movement of Handel's Giulio Cesare?

assistant: Da tempeste il legno infranto
user: TV commercials using Richard Strauss' Also sprach Zarathustra have now become what?

assistant: clichéd
user: What piece is often used in the horror genre?

assistant: "O Fortuna" of Carl Orff's Carmina Burana
user: Who wrote in the Hall of the Mountain King?

assistant: Edvard Grieg
user: Dovrak has used what type of themes to impart a nationalist flavor?

assistant: folk
user: How are performers expected to play a work due to written transmission?

assistant: in a way that realizes in detail the original intentions of the composer
user: When did details that composers put in their scores increase?

assistant: the 19th century
user: Admiration of performers for new interpretations can be seen when composers feel the performer achieve what?

assistant: a better realization of the original intent than the composer
user: What do classical performers often achieve?

assistant: high reputations for their musicianship
user: When was improvisation in classical music performance common?

assistant: the Baroque and early romantic eras
user: When did improvisation begin to lessened strongly?

assistant: the second half of the 19th and in the 20th centuries
user: What part did Mozart and Beethoven often improvise?

assistant: the cadenzas to their piano concertos
user: What is the name for the practice of singing strictly by the score in opera?

assistant: come scritto
user: What did Brahms sometimes use in his Academic Festival Overture?

assistant: student drinking songs
user: Pachelbel's Canon has influenced popular songs since what decade?

assistant: the 1970s
user: What phenomenon sees classical musicians achieving success in popular music?

assistant: the musical crossover phenomenon
user: Baroque or Classical era influence can be seen in what modern musical style?

assistant: heavy metal
user: Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads play what instrument?

assistant: electric guitar
user: What is the largest Indo-European ethno-linguistic group in Europe?

assistant: Slavs are the largest Indo-European ethno-linguistic group in Europe.
user: What areas of the world do Slavs inhabit?

assistant: They inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia.
user: What was colonised by the East Slavs?

assistant: The East Slavs colonised Siberia and Central Asia.
user: What portion of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities?

assistant: Presently over half of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities
user: Slavic mercenaries settled where?

assistant: Slavic mercenaries fighting for the Byzantines and Arabs settled Asia Minor and even as far as Syria.
user: West Slavic people consist of which nationalities?

assistant: Poles, Czechs and Slovaks
user: East Slavic people consist of which nationalities?

assistant: Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians
user: South Slavic people consist of which nationalities?

assistant: Serbs, Bulgarians, Croats, Bosniaks, Macedonians, Slovenes, and Montenegrins
user: West and East Slavs are sometimes combined into a single group called what?

assistant: North Slavs
user: *Slověninъ, plural *Slověne, is the Slavic autonym reconstructed in what?

assistant: Proto-Slavic
user: Old 9th century documents describing Slavs were written in what language?

assistant: Old Church Slavonic
user: Who wrote about the Slavs in Byzantine Greek in the 6th century?

assistant: Procopius
user: Procopius' contemporary Jordanes referred to the Slavs in what language?

assistant: Latin
user: What slavic word denotes "people who speak the same language?"

assistant: slovo
user: Who considered *Slověninъ do be a derivation from slovo?

assistant: Roman Jakobson
user: Slovo, slava, and slukh all originate from what Proto-Indo-European root?

assistant: *ḱlew
user: The Ancient Greek κλῆς (klês - "famous") helped create what famous name?

assistant: Pericles