johnmiceeee/5503h1 huggingface dataset:
user: What interdisciplinary fields has anthropology been central in the development of?

assistant: cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies
user: What has sociocultural anthropology been heavily influenced by?

assistant: structuralist and postmodern theories
user: When was there an epistemological shift away from positivist traditions in anthropology?

assistant: During the 1970s and 1990s
user: What questions came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology?

assistant: nature and production of knowledge
user: What have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades?

assistant: cohesion
user: What draws together the axes of cultural and social anthropology?

assistant: Sociocultural anthropology
user: What kind of distinction is lacking between social and cultural anthropology?

assistant: hard-and-fast
user: What studies the way people make sense of the world around them?

assistant: Cultural anthropology
user: What is the attempt to understand other societies on their own terms?

assistant: cultural relativism
user: What can refer to both a methodology and the product of ethnographic research?

assistant: Ethnography
user: What is one of the foundational methods of social anthropology?

assistant: Participant observation
user: What is a needlessly complicated word which means "conceptual"?

assistant: emic
user: What does accepting other cultures in their own terms moderate?

assistant: reductionism in cross-cultural comparison
user: Why type of anthropology is the study of social organization a central focus of?

assistant: Sociocultural
user: What patterns does sociocultural anthropology get up in the morning to learn about?

assistant: consumption and exchange
user: What do Ethnoarchaeologists gain a better understanding of by studying living human groups?

assistant: past human groups
user: How are long dead human groups presumed to have lived and behaved as compared to still living populations?

assistant: in similar ways
user: What are artifacts, faunal remains and human altered landscapes the evidence of?

assistant: cultural and material lives of past societies
user: What is the analysis of linguistic forms and processes linked to?

assistant: interpretation of sociocultural processes
user: What subdivision of anthropology seeks to understand the process of human communications?

assistant: Linguistic
user: What related fields do linguistic anthropologists draw on?

assistant: sociolinguistics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, semiotics, discourse analysis, and narrative analysis
user: What have several anthropologists noted about Western artistic endeavors and their place in non-Western contexts?

assistant: do not exist
user: What formal features in objects do anthropologists of art focus on?

assistant: evident 'aesthetic' qualities
user: What is the trend to transform the anthropology of 'art' into an anthropology of?

assistant: culturally specific 'aesthetics'
user: Who used the term anthropology to describe the natural history of man?

assistant: Étienne Serres
user: When was a chair created for anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History?

assistant: 1850
user: What organization was formed by members whose primary objective was the abolishment of slavery?

assistant: Société Ethnologique de Paris
user: What were theorists in diverse fields beginning to notice between animals and languages?

assistant: similarities
user: What did the theorists suspect these patterns were the result of?

assistant: processes or laws unknown to them then
user: What was Darwin's On The Origin of Species for theorists?

assistant: epiphany
user: When did Wallace and Darwin unveil the theory of evolution?

assistant: late 1850s.
user: What was there a rush to do with the theory of evolution?

assistant: bring it into the social sciences
user: What organization was Broca in the process of disentangling himself from?

assistant: Société de biologie
user: If Broca were alive today, what would his profession be?

assistant: neurosurgeon
user: How did Waitz define anthropology?

assistant: the science of the nature of man
user: What would anthropology use to differentiate man from the animals nearest him?

assistant: comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology
user: What did Waitz stress that the data of comparison must be?

assistant: empirical
user: In what year did Richard Francis Burton break away from the Ethnological Society of London?

assistant: 1863
user: What path of exploration did the Anthropological Society of London follow?

assistant: anthropology
user: Representatives from where were present in the Anthropological Society of London?

assistant: French Société
user: Whose work did Hunt stress in the first volume of The Anthropological Review?

assistant: Waitz
user: What did the 20th century see the expansion of anthropology departments into?

assistant: majority of the world's higher educational institutions
user: What does a forensic archaeologist become stimulated to do in the presence of buried victims?

assistant: recreate the final scene
user: From how many nations does the WCAA boast members from?

assistant: about three dozen
user: What type of anthropology tries to understand the social aspects of mass media?

assistant: Media anthropology
user: Media such as a radio and television have started to make their presences felt since what years?

assistant: early 1990s
user: Following audiences in their everyday responses to media is encompassed by what type of context?

assistant: media reception
user: What type of anthropology concerns itself with the study of photography and film?

assistant: Visual
user: What are performances, art, and the production of mass media grouped under?

assistant: visual representation
user: What term is visual anthropology sometimes used interchangeably with?

assistant: ethnographic film
user: Economic anthropology covers what scope of human economic behavior?

assistant: historic, geographic and cultural
user: Who was the Polish-British founder of Anthropology?

assistant: Bronislaw Malinowski
user: What does political economy in anthropology apply Historical Materialism to?

assistant: traditional concerns
user: What did Political Economy introduce questions of to theories of social structure and culture?

assistant: history and colonialism
user: What have Political Economists most recently focused on the issues of?

assistant: industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism
user: What type of anthropology is used to analyse and find solutions to real world problems?

assistant: Applied
user: Included in applied anthropology is researcher involvement as well as activism in what communities?

assistant: participating
user: Development anthropologists would like to know why if a goal is to alleviate poverty, that poverty is doing what?

assistant: increasing
user: When it comes to plans and outcomes, what do development anthropologists look at between them?

assistant: gap
user: What does it mean if people are related by descent?

assistant: one's social relations during development
user: Kinship patterns can included people who are relatives by what cultural ritual involving the exchange of rings and sometimes dowry?

assistant: marriage
user: What type of anthropology focuses on a political agenda rather than on contributing to science?

assistant: Feminist
user: What does feminist anthropology self-reports as seeking to reduce in research findings?

assistant: male bias
user: What type of anthropology do feminist anthropologists inclusively specialize in?

assistant: birth anthropology
user: Nutritional anthropologists investigate the interplay between economic systems and what?

assistant: food security
user: If environmental changes in a community affect access to food, then there is an eventual connection to what?

assistant: globalization
user: What does psychological anthropology particularly focus on in a particular culture group?

assistant: humans' development and enculturation
user: What aspects define a cultural group?

assistant: its own history, language, practices, and conceptual categories
user: Psychological anthropology examines how our models of social processes are informed by what?

assistant: understanding
user: What methods and theories do cognitive anthropologists use to explain cultural innovation?

assistant: cognitive sciences
user: What are two examples of methods and theories of cognitive science?

assistant: experimental psychology and evolutionary biology
user: Cognitive anthropologists want to know how the way people perceive and related to the world around them is linked to what?

assistant: implicit knowledge
user: From what basis do political anthropologists examine the structure of political systems?

assistant: structure of societies
user: When did the new development of a stateless society come about?

assistant: the 1960s
user: The presence of states, bureaucracies and markets makes for what type of social setting?

assistant: "complex"
user: Who did a comparative work on a Balinese state?

assistant: Geertz
user: What type of anthropology originated as a sub-focus group?

assistant: Cyborg
user: What the sub-group of cyborg anthropology very closely related to, in addition to STS?

assistant: the Society for the Social Studies of Science
user: What does cyborg anthropology study about humankind and technological systems humans have built?

assistant: its relations
user: Which sub-specialty of anthropology takes an active role in looking at how humans interact with their environment?

assistant: Environmental
user: What is the focus of most of the field work in environmental anthropology today?

assistant: political ecology
user: What do many characterize the new perspective as being more informed with?

assistant: culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more.
user: The data interpretation of environmental anthropology can be used to prevent what type of exploitation?

assistant: corporate
user: How does an someone interested in ethnohistory learn more about cultures and customs?

assistant: by examining historical records
user: Ethnohistory can study the history of what types of groups which may or may not exist today?

assistant: ethnic
user: What does ethnohistory use both historical and ethnographic data as?

assistant: its foundation
user: What do the methods of ethnohistory go beyond the standard use of?

assistant: documents and manuscripts
user: Who is fond of quoting a remark from the 1960s?

assistant: Ulf Hannerz
user: What is a stereotype of traditional anthropologists? 

assistant: notoriously agoraphobic
user: One would be studying how the dynamic of a city is affected if one were looking directly at different what?

assistant: social issues
user: What does the field of anthrozoology overlap with?

assistant: number of other disciplines
user: What type of effects are a major focus of the anthrozoologic research?

assistant: positive
user: What are some of the diverse range of fields scholars come to Anthrozoology from?

assistant: anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy
user: What branch of anthropology studies human behavior and the relation between primates?

assistant: Evolutionary
user: Which humans does evolutionary anthropology concern itself with the biological and cultural evolution of?

assistant: past and present
user: What evidence does evolutionary anthropology draw on to understand the human experience?

assistant: many lines
user: What type of anthropology commitment is noticing and documenting genocide?

assistant: Ethical
user: What are good topics to attract the attention of an anthropologist?

assistant: racism, slavery, and human sacrifice
user: Nutritional deficiencies and colonialism are just two theories of the root cause of Man's inhumanity towards whom?

assistant: man
user: Why can one find thousands of anthropological references to the topics?

assistant: depth of an anthropological approach
user: What were Boas' peers doing in the 1940s?

assistant: active in the allied war effort
user: What groups formed the Axis forces?

assistant: Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan
user: The Office of Strategic Services is an example of what type of posting during the War?

assistant: intelligence
user: Why are several anthropologists dismissed from their jobs, according to David H. Price?

assistant: communist sympathies.
user: What do groups of anthropologists object to the use of anthropology for benefit of?

assistant: the state
user: What type of briefings are forbidden for members of certain anthropologist bodies to give?

assistant: secret
user: Who are anthropologists working with along with other social scientists? 

assistant: the US military
user: What efforts focus on better understanding and meeting of local needs in Afghanistan?

assistant: Counterinsurgency
user: What does the AAA feel is incompatible with working with the military?

assistant: ethics
user: What would an idea shared by virtually all human cultures be considered?

assistant: human universals
user: To be able to do fieldwork, an anthropologist must first travel to what?

assistant: a community in its own setting
user: How do anthropologists typically like to divide up the world?

assistant: relevant time periods and geographic regions
user: Olduwan, Mousterian, and Levalloisian are all types of what?

assistant: tool
user: Mapping cultures is central to both the sciences of anthropologists and who else?

assistant: geographers
user: What do some authors state anthropology developed as the study of?

assistant: "other cultures
user: What other cultures are said to be separated by space, what is actually meant?

assistant: non-European/non-Western societies
user: Who published a book with unnecessarily long title, "Exploring the City: Inquires Toward an Urban Anthropology"?

assistant: Ulf Hannerz
user: When did anthropologists stop looking for cultures far away and instead began to "look across the tracks"?

assistant: only in late 1960s
user: What has become common for social anthropologists to do since the 1980s?

assistant: set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region
user: Setting research in the North Atlantic region allows looking at connections between locations rather than being limited to what?

assistant: research to a single locale
user: What has there been a shift toward broadening the focus beyond?

assistant: daily life of ordinary people
user: Governmental and nongovernmental organizations and businesses are all settings which are fair game to do what in?

assistant: research
user: Who was implicated in the attempted assassination of Joseph I?

assistant: The Távora family and the Duke of Aveiro
user: Who was expelled from the country after the assassination attempt on Joseph I?

assistant: The Jesuits
user: In what year did Joseph I make his minister the Count of Oeiras?

assistant: 1759
user: What act finally broke the power of the aristocracy?

assistant: Sebastião de Melo prosecuted every person involved, even women and children
user: In which year was the Count of Oeiras made the Marquis of Pambal?

assistant: 1770
user: How long did the Marquis of Pombal rule Portugal?

assistant: until Joseph I's death in 1779
user: What did Pombal's enlightenment promote at the expense of individual liberty?

assistant: autocracy
user: Was the new Count of Oeiras opposed by anyone after the Tavora affair?

assistant: knew no opposition
user: What was Pombal's "enlightenment" an apparatus for?

assistant: crushing opposition, suppressing criticism, and furthering colonial economic exploitation
user: To where did Prince Regent Joao VI of Portugal transfer his court?

assistant: Brazil
user: What was the name of the pluricontinental state formed by Portugal and Brazil in 1815?

assistant: United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
user: Until when did the King of Portugal remain in Brazil?

assistant: until the Liberal Revolution of 1820
user: By what year had the situation in Europe cool down enough so that Joao VI would have been able to safely return to Lisbon?

assistant: 1815
user: What provoked the modernization and expansion of the Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus?

assistant: the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family
user: When were railroad tracks being installed Portugese Africa?

assistant: before the turn of the 20th century
user: During what period were the Portugese Africa's cities founded or redeveloped?

assistant: Scramble for Africa
user: Why were the Portugese Africa territories' borders formally established?

assistant: to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa
user: What new Portugese Africa's coastal towns were developed during the Scramble for Africa?

assistant: Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia
user: On what day were King Dom Carlos I and and his heir, Prince Royal Dom Luis Filipe, Duke of Braganza, murdered?

assistant: 1 February 1908
user: Under the rule of King Dom Carlos I, on what two days was Portugal declared bankrupt?

assistant: on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902
user: On what day was King Manuel II overthrown?

assistant: 5 October 1910
user: During the Portuguese First Republic, what creating a fertile ground for chaos and unrest?

assistant: Political instability and economic weaknesses
user: What action affirmed Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation?

assistant: relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa
user: What are three international organizations that Portugal belongs to?

assistant: United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries
user: Which three Western European countries have a lower Social Progress ranking than Portugal?

assistant: France, Spain and Italy
user: In 2001, Portugal was the first country in the world to do what?

assistant: decriminalized the usage of all common drugs
user: What was Pelayos' plan?

assistant: to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors
user: In which battle did Pelayos defeat the Moors?

assistant: Battle of Covadonga
user: What was the war of Christian reconquest, started by Pelayos, known as in Portugese?

assistant: Reconquista Cristã
user: Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided?

assistant: dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring
user: Who annexed the County of Portugal into the Kingdom of Asturias?

assistant: King Alfonso III
user: In which year was Vimara Peres knighted?

assistant: 868 AD
user: What was Vimara knighted as?

assistant: First Count of Portus Cale
user: What three names did Portugal become known as after Vimara Peres was knighted?

assistant: Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália
user: During the internecine struggles, what did the the people of Country of Portugal struggle with?

assistant: maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture
user: The County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia to establish what?

assistant: the Kingdom of Portugal
user: By which language was the Astur-Leonese replaced?

assistant: Castilian (Spanish Language)
user: Who was de Melo's second marriage to?

assistant: the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun
user: Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal?

assistant: Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo
user: What title did Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa hold?

assistant: Queen consort of Portugal
user: Who arranged the widow de Melo's second marriage?

assistant: Queen consort of Portugal
user: Who was not pleased by de Melo's second marriage?

assistant: King John V of Portugal
user: What type of natural disaster was the city center of Lisbon designed to resist?

assistant: earthquakes
user: How were earthquakes simulated on the architectural models?

assistant: marching troops around the models
user: Did Lisbon suffer any epidemics from the calamity?

assistant: Lisbon suffered no epidemics
user: What are some of Lisbon's tourist attractions?

assistant: The buildings and big squares of the Pombaline City Centre
user: How did de Melo contribute to the study of seismology?

assistant: by designing an inquiry that was sent to every parish in the country
user: How long is the Portugal-Spain border?

assistant: 1,214 km (754 mi)
user: What two autonomous regions have their own governments in Portugal?

assistant: Azores and Madeira
user: What is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union?

assistant: Portugal–Spain
user: Which two groups followed the first inhabitants?

assistant: Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples
user: In which centuries did Portugal establish the first global empire?

assistant: 15th and 16th centuries
user: In Portugal, which city was destroyed in the 1755 earthquake?

assistant: Lisbon
user: Which Portugese colony was lost to China in 1999?

assistant: Macau
user: By what group was the Portugal region settled?

assistant: Pre-Celts and Celts
user: To what four peoples did the settlement of Portugal give rise?

assistant: Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes
user: During what years was the Portugal region incorporated in the Roman Republic?

assistant: 45 BC until 298 AD
user: From what old Germanic word is Alenquer originate?

assistant: Alankerk
user: In what year did Lusitania become a Roman province?

assistant: 27 BC
user: What was the Northern province of Lusitania known as?

assistant: Gallaecia
user: What are two large Roman sites that still exist today in Portugal?

assistant: Conímbriga and Mirobriga
user: How far apart are Conimbriga and Coimbra?

assistant: 16 km
user: How long did it take the Umayyad Caliphate to defeat the Visigoths?

assistant: a few months
user: In what year did Portugal become a part of Umayyad Caliphate's empire?

assistant: 711
user: In which year did Umayyad Caliphate's empire collapse?

assistant: 750
user: Under whom did the Western part of Umayyad Caliphate's empire gain its independence?

assistant: Abd-ar-Rahman
user: How long did it take the Emirate to become the Caliphate of Codoba?

assistant: almost two centuries
user: Which which kingdoms did the taifas establish diplomatic relations?

assistant: the Christian kingdoms of the north
user: To which taifa did most of Portugal fall into?

assistant: Taifa of Badajoz
user: What are converts to Islam called?

assistant: Muwallad or Muladi
user: Where were the Berbers originally from?

assistant: Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa
user: In which region of Portugal did the Muslim population stay?

assistant: Algarve region, and south of the Tagus
user: Who was the eldest son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of?

assistant: García, became king of León
user: Who was the second son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of?

assistant: Ordoño, reigned in Galicia
user: Who was Alfonso III's third son and what area did he receive?

assistant: Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capital
user: Which years were plagued by the Black Death?

assistant: 1348 and 1349
user: What is the longest standing alliance in the world?

assistant: Portugal made an alliance with England
user: In which Portugese region is there still visible English influence?

assistant: Oporto region
user: Which three Atlantic archipelagos did Portugal discover?

assistant: Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde
user: What title was given to de Melo in 1755?

assistant: Prime Minister
user: Who ended discrimination against difference Christian sects in Portugal?

assistant: Sebastião de Melo
user: Why did e Melo demarcate the region for production of Port?

assistant: to ensure the wine's quality
user: Among which class did de Melo's reforms gain him the most enemies?

assistant: especially among the high nobility
user: Who was the first person to try to ensure the wine's quality in Portugal?

assistant: Sebastião de Melo
user: Did de Melo impose strict laws only on one class of people?

assistant: upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class