johnmiceeee/5503h1 huggingface dataset:
user: Who did Tsongkhapa send in his place to Nanjing?

assistant: his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes
user: When was Chosrje Shākya Yeshes sent to Nanjing?

assistant: 1414
user: Who believed the Ming reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet?

assistant: Dawa Norbu
user: What didn't the Ming send to replace the Mongols when they left Tibet?

assistant: an army
user: What does Yiu Yung-chin claim the Ming did not possess?

assistant: Tibet
user: What was the name of the  eunuch?

assistant: Yang Sanbao
user: Where did the Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao?

assistant: Tibet
user: When did Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao into Tibet?

assistant: 1413
user: Why did Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao into Tibet?

assistant: the allegiance of various Tibetan princes
user: Why did the emperor pay a small fortune in gifts?

assistant: to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states
user: Until what year frame did the Gelug exchange gifts with the the Ming?

assistant: 1430s
user: What was the Gelug not mentioned in?

assistant: the Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu
user: Regardless of their sectarian affiliations, who did the Ming grant titles to?

assistant: various lamas
user: Who was the viceregal Sakya regime overthrown by?

assistant: the Phagmodru myriarchy
user: Who believed that the Ming had no real authority over Tibet?

assistant: Melvyn C. Goldstein
user: What years did the Rinpungpa regime start and end?

assistant: 1435–1565
user: Who believed that the titles given to Tibetan leaders did not confer authority?

assistant: Melvyn C. Goldstein
user: What years did the Tsangpa start and end?

assistant: 1565–1642
user: What year did the Jianwen Emperor reign start and end?

assistant: 1398–1402
user: Who aided the Yongle Emperor?

assistant: the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao
user: Who was Yongle Emperor's father?

assistant: the Hongwu Emperor
user: When did the Yongle Emperor invite Deshin Shekpa to his court?

assistant: March 10, 1403
user: Who did the Yongle Emperor send to Tibet?

assistant: Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang
user: Why did the Yongle Emperor send Hou Xian and Zhi Guang to Tibet?

assistant: to seek out the Karmapa
user: When did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to Nanjing?

assistant: 1407
user: Where did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang travel through on their way to the Karmapa?

assistant: through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan
user: Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the Karmapa?

assistant: Nanjing
user: Who did the Emperor give the place of honor at his left to?

assistant: the Karmapa
user: Who sat on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric?

assistant: Kublai
user: Who showed a great amount of respect to Deshin Shekpa?

assistant: the Yongle Emperor
user: At what temple did the ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents take place?

assistant: Linggu Temple
user: What title was Deshin Shekpa given at Nanjing?

assistant: Great Treasure Prince of Dharma
user: Who did Deshin Shekpa persuade the Yongle Emperor to give the title to?

assistant: religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects
user: Who imposed on the military might on Tibet in the past? 

assistant: the Mongols
user: Hok-Lam Chan states that Deshin Skekpa was only invited for what purpose? 

assistant: religious purposes
user: What was said to be the  Yongle Emperor plans?

assistant: to send a military force into Tibet
user: Why was the Yongle Emperor said to have been planning to send military forces into Tibet?

assistant: to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools
user: Who convinced the Yongle emperor not to send military forces into Tibet?

assistant: Deshin Shekpa
user: Who did the Yongle Emperor have a conflict with?

assistant: Jianwen Emperor
user: Who aided the legitimacy of the Yongle Emperor's rule?

assistant: Deshin Shekpa
user: What served as a legitimizing tool for the emperor's succession to the throne?

assistant: Deshin Shekpa's miracles
user: According to Norbu who failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship?

assistant: Chinese Communist historians
user: Who believe that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet?

assistant: Josef Kolmaš
user: What years did the Zhengtong Emperor reign?

assistant: 1435–1449
user: Who maintains an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor?

assistant: The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC
user: Who had a message delivered to them by Zhengtong?

assistant: Great Treasure Prince of Dharma
user: When was the edict written?

assistant: after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court
user: Who did the Ming cut off all relations with?

assistant: the Karmapa hierarchs
user: What year did the Ming cut off the Karmapa hierarchs?

assistant: 1446
user: When did  Deshin Shekpa  die?

assistant: 1415
user: Who did the Ming court think the representatives were sent by?

assistant: the Karmapa
user: What did Yongle want to trade with Tibet?

assistant: tea, horses, and salt
user: where did the trade route pass through?

assistant: through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan
user: Why does Van Praag believe the Ming court set up a diplomatic delegation with Tibet?

assistant: to secure urgently needed horses
user: What visual images and symbols were on furnishings from the silk workshops?

assistant: Tibetan Buddhist
user: Wang and Nyima believed horses were collected from Tibet as what kind of tax?

assistant: a mandatory "corvée" tax
user: Who was the leader of the Tümed Mongols?

assistant: Altan Khan
user: Who did Altan Khan overthrow?

assistant: the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony
user: Who convinced the Ming to reopen their border markets in 1573?

assistant: Altan Khan
user: When did the Hongwu Emperor use military force in Tibet?

assistant: the 14th century
user: When was the Marquis Mu Ying commissioned to quell?

assistant: November 1378
user: How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying capture?

assistant: 30,000
user: Who was ordered to force a Tibetan assault into Sichuan?

assistant: Ming general Qu Neng
user: What did the mid Ming dynasty discussion focus mainly on?

assistant: recovery of the Ordos region
user: Who used the the Ordos region as a place to stage raids? 

assistant: the Mongols
user: Why did P. Christiaan Klieger believe that the Ming court supported high Tibetan lamas?

assistant: to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes
user: What policy does Luciano Petech and Sato Hisashi claim the Ming held towards the Tibet?

assistant: divide-and-rule
user: When did the Ming hold the divide and rule policy?

assistant: after the Sakya regime had fallen
user: Who did Yongle Emperor fail to build a solid relationship with?

assistant: fifth Karmapa
user: Who did the Yongle Emperor give patronage to?

assistant: many different Tibetan lamas
user: Who were the Rinpungpa leaders related to?

assistant: the Phagmodrupa
user: When did the the prince of Rinbung occupy Lhasa?

assistant: 1498
user: What was the most important event to the Gelug?

assistant: New Years ceremonies and prayers
user: When was Gelug was given the right to conduct the New Years prayer?

assistant: 1518
user: When did the Zhengde Emperor rule? 

assistant: 1505–1521
user: Who's company did the Zhengde Emperor enjoy?

assistant: the company of lamas
user: Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama?

assistant: Mikyö Dorje
user: Who said Tibet  wasn't an integral part of of China?

assistant: Chinese writers of the early 20th century
user: What does Sperling claim did not have any control over Tibet?

assistant: China's intervening Ming dynasty
user: Since what century has Sperling described Ming and Tibet's relation being problematic for China? 

assistant: the 13th century
user: When was the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion?

assistant: the 18th century
user: During Which dynasty does Josef Kolmaš claim Tibet was considered an organic part of China?

assistant: the Qing dynasty
user: Josef Kolmaš  states that Tibet became subject to what government? 

assistant: the Chinese central government
user: Who does P. Christiaan Klieger claim to have had a mutual role of religious prelate?

assistant: the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans
user: Who does P. Christiaan Klieger believe undertook the former imperial tributaries?

assistant: the Republic of China and its Communist successors
user: Where does P. Christiaan Klieger work?

assistant: the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco
user: Who was the  vice royalty of the Sakya regime established by?

assistant: the Mongols
user: The Sakya regime established what kind of relationship between the Tibetans and Mongol converts?

assistant: patron and priest relationship
user: When was Tibet included into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China?

assistant: the 13th century
user: Who does the article claim had two itinerant high commands over Tibet?

assistant: the Ming
user: When did the Jiajing Emperor reign? 

assistant: 1521–1567
user: What ideology was sponsored at the Ming court?

assistant: the native Chinese ideology of Daoism
user: What establishment did the politics at court shift in favor of? 

assistant: Neo-Confucian establishment
user: Which embassy did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject?

assistant: the Portuguese embassy
user: Who did the Neo-Confucian establishment have animosity towards?

assistant: Tibetan Buddhism and lamas
user: Evelyn S. Rawski claims that Ming's relationship with Tibetan prelates ended during who's reign?

assistant: Jiajing
user: What region did the Tumed Mongols move into?

assistant: the Kokonor region
user: Which frontier did the Tumed Mongols raid?

assistant: the Ming Chinese frontier
user: The presence of the Altan Khan in the west reduced whos influence? 

assistant: the Ming
user: When did Altan Khan make peace with the Ming dynasty?

assistant: 1571
user: Who did Altan Khan invite to meet him in Amdo?

assistant: the third hierarch of the Gelug—Sönam Gyatso
user: What practice did Altan Khan put to an end?

assistant: the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice
user: Who did Altan Khan persuade to convert to Gelug Buddhism?

assistant: the Mongol princes and subjects
user: What did Altan Khan threaten the Mongol princes and subjects with if they did not convert?

assistant: execution
user: Who did the Mongol princes ask to grant them titles?

assistant: the Dalai Lama
user: Why did the Mongol princes ask for titles?

assistant: Committed to their religious leader
user: To make the Mongol-Tibetan alliance stronger who became the 4th Dalai Lama?

assistant: the great-grandson of Altan Khan
user: Who was the first Dalai Lama to have political control over Tibet?

assistant: the 5th Dalai Lama
user: When did the 5th Dalai Lama gain political control over Tibet?

assistant: In 1642
user: Who was given the grandiose title?

assistant: Sonam Gyatso
user: Who granted Sonam Gyatso the title of grandiose?

assistant: Altan Khan
user: Who did Sonam Gyatso send gifts to?

assistant: Zhang Juzheng
user: Who did the Ming dynasty showed favors to?

assistant: the third Dalai Lama
user: What was the the third Dalai Lama allowed to do?

assistant: pay tribute
user: What title was Sonam Gyatso granted in 1587?

assistant: the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama
user: In 1653 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to?

assistant: the fifth Dalai Lama
user: In 1713 who did the Qing emperor grant a title to?

assistant: the fifth Panchen Lama
user: What title was the fourth Dalai Lama granted? 

assistant: Master of Vajradhara
user: Who was the fourth Dalai Lama?

assistant: Yonten Gyatso
user: When did the Wanli Emperor grant the title Master of Vajradhara to Yonten Gyatso?

assistant: 1616
user: Who did the Wanli Emperor invite to Beijing in 1616?

assistant: Yonten Gyatso
user: Why didn't Yonten Gyatso make it to Beijing?

assistant: he died
user: What were the Mongols trying to reclaim?

assistant: their old vassal of Tibet
user: Who's lack of concern helped the Mongols jump at a chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet?

assistant: the Ming court
user: Who took control of the whole of Central Tibet?

assistant: Karma Phuntsok Namgyal
user: When did Karma Phuntsok Namgyal reign?

assistant: 1611–1621
user: Who did Ü-Tsang king have an alliance with?

assistant: the Karmapa
user: Who refused an audience with the Ü-Tsang king?

assistant: The fourth Dalai Lama
user: Who did the 5th Dalai Lama beg for help from?

assistant: the Mongol prince Güshi Khan
user: Which enemies did Güshi Khan defeat? 

assistant: the Gelugpas
user: When did the  Ü-Tsang forces surrender?

assistant: 1642
user: Who did Güshi Khan organize a welcome ceremony for?

assistant: Lozang Gyatso
user: What did Güshi Khan present as a gift to the Dalai Lama?

assistant: his conquest of Tibet
user: Who did Güshi Khan enthrone the ruler of Tibet?

assistant: the Dalai Lama
user: Who did Güshi Khan grant the governing authority to?

assistant: the regent Sonam Chöpel
user: The title of 'King of Tibet belonged to whom?

assistant: Güshi Khan
user: Who did the the Chinese Ming dynasty fall to?

assistant: the rebellion of Li Zicheng
user: According to Kolmaš who accepted an invite from a Manchu to send envoys to the capital at Mukden?

assistant: the Dalai Lama
user: Who was said to have treated the Dalai Lama as an independent sovereign of Tibet?

assistant: Shunzhi
user: Who tried to spread their territory into Tibet?

assistant: the Dzungar Mongols
user: When did the Kangxi Emperor occupy Lhasa?

assistant: 1720
user: When did the Qianlong Emperor reign? 

assistant: 1735–1796
user: In addition to playing music, what other function can the iPod perform?

assistant: data storage
user: What is the smallest data capacity for an iPod product?

assistant: 2 GB
user: What is the largest data capacity for an iPod product?

assistant: 128 GB
user: What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle?

assistant: 2 GB
user: Which operating systems are compatible with iTunes?

assistant: Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows
user: What's the name of the software used to manage music and other media on Apple devices?

assistant: iTunes
user: Prior to iOS 5, how many apps were required to play music and videos on iPhone and iPad?

assistant: one
user: In mid-2010, which Apple device had higher sales than iPod?

assistant: iPhone
user: With what iOS release did Apple standardize media apps on all their products?

assistant: iOS 5
user: In what year did iPhone sales surpass those of iPods?

assistant: 2010
user: What are the titles of the standard media apps on current Apple devices?

assistant: "Music" and "Videos"
user: Which generation of iPod Touch was made availalbe in July of 2015?

assistant: sixth
user: What radio was the primary inspiration for the look of the iPod?

assistant: Braun T3 transistor radio
user: How large was the hard drive on the original iPod?

assistant: 5 GB
user: What other popular music player did Apple compare their new product to?

assistant: the Walkman
user: What is the name of Apple's hardware engineering chief who helped design the iPod?

assistant: Jon Rubinstein
user: Which company worked with Apple in creating the user interface for the iPod?

assistant: Pixo
user: What was the name of the font used prior to the release of the iPod Mini?

assistant: Chicago
user: In what year was the 6th gen iPod Classic released?

assistant: 2007
user: The 6th gen iPod Classic and 3rd gen iPod nano featured which font?

assistant: Helvetica
user: What software did Apple use as the basis for their iPod software?

assistant: PortalPlayer
user: In what year was a special edition of the iPod produced?

assistant: 2006
user: For what musical group was a special edition of the iPod first made?

assistant: U2
user: What color was the metal on the U2 version of the iPod?

assistant: black
user: What type of media was included with purchase of the U2 version of the iPod?

assistant: video
user: Of what band did Apple present a special edition iPod 5G?

assistant: U2
user: In what year did apple release the special U2 model of the iPod?

assistant: 2006
user: Apple was involved in a lawsuit with which company in 2007?

assistant: Burst.com
user: Who previously applied for a patent for an iPod-like device?

assistant: Kane Kramer
user: In what year did Kane Kramer apply for his patent?

assistant: 1981
user: What did Kane Kramer call the device for which he wanted a patent?

assistant: IXI
user: What was the name of the previously-patented music player from 1981?

assistant: IXI
user: Who was the holder of the previous patent for the "plastic music box"?

assistant: Kane Kramer
user: Who came up with the name for Apple's portable mp3 player?

assistant: Vinnie Chieco
user: What film inspired the name of the iPod?

assistant: 2001: A Space Odyssey
user: Who first trademarked the iPod name?

assistant: Joseph N. Grasso
user: In what year was Apple given rights to the iPod name?

assistant: 2005
user: What movie inspired the iPod name?

assistant: 2001: A Space Odyssey
user: What was the name of the copywriter that proposed the name "iPod"?

assistant: Vinnie Chieco
user: Who held the original trademark for the iPod name?

assistant: Joseph N. Grasso
user: What version of iTunes contained the leaked photos of new iPod colors?

assistant: 12.2
user: What was the latest version of iTunes as of mid-2015?

assistant: 12.2
user: Who first leaked the photos of the new iPod color scheme?

assistant: Pierre Dandumont
user: What audio deficiency was found in the 3rd gen iPods?

assistant: weak bass response
user: What kind of headphones could partially mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen iPods?

assistant: high-impedance
user: What is an example of a device that could entirely mitigate the bass response issues of the 3rd gen iPods?

assistant: external headphone amplifier
user: What part of audio output was substandard on 3rd generation iPods?

assistant: bass
user: What component was to blame for the weak bass of the 3rd generation iPod?

assistant: undersized DC-blocking capacitors
user: What acoustic element could be distorted by different audio settings in iPods prior to 2007?

assistant: Bass
user: Name four sound profiles that would result in bass distortion on pre-2007 iPods.

assistant: R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster
user: iPods released before what year had issues with distorted bass?

assistant: 2006
user: What EQ settings were known to have issues with bass distortion?

assistant: R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster
user: What type of sensory issue was a concern prior to the release of 5th gen iPods?

assistant: hearing loss
user: In what markets did 6th gen iPods limit the highest volume of the player?

assistant: EU
user: What was the limit imposed on how loud the iPod could play sounds in the EU?

assistant: 100 dB
user: What is the highest volume output level of European 6th-generation iPods?

assistant: 100 dB
user: What country originally pulled iPods due to higher-than-allowed volume levels?

assistant: France
user: What was the first type of connection used by the iPod to charge and transfer files?

assistant: FireWire
user: What type of connector was originally required to upload songs or recharge the iPod?

assistant: FireWire
user: What iPod feature allowed for USB connections with the device?

assistant: 30-pin dock connector
user: Which generation of iPod Classic was the first to abandon use of FireWire in transferring files?

assistant: fifth
user: Starting with which generation of iPod Nano was FireWire charging functionality no longer available?

assistant: fourth
user: What kind of connection is provided on the iPod Shuffle for both audio output and file transfer?

assistant: 3.5 mm minijack
user: Which generation iPod was the first to include the 30-pin dock connector?

assistant: third generation
user: Which model of iPod combined the headphone jack and data port?

assistant: Shuffle
user: What interface was gradually phased out for both charging and data transfer?

assistant: FireWire
user: Which iPod accessory was made by Apple but is no longer produced?

assistant: iPod Hi-Fi
user: What part of the iPod is needed to communicate with peripherals?

assistant: dock connector
user: The majority of peripherals for iPod are produced by what kinds of companies?

assistant: third parties
user: What's the name of the now-discontinued accessory manufactured by Apple, that connected via the iPod's dock connector?

assistant: iPod Hi-Fi
user: What new connector did Apple unveil on September 12, 2012?

assistant: Lightning
user: What other Apple product was unveiled on September 12, 2012?

assistant: seventh generation iPod Nano
user: What's Apple's code name for the newer 8-pin dock connector?

assistant: Lightning
user: What was the first iPod Touch generation to feature the Lightning connector?

assistant: fifth generation
user: What is the name of an Apple-produced iPod accessory?

assistant: iPod Hi-Fi
user: What is an example of an iPod accessory made work exercise?

assistant: Nike+iPod pedometer
user: What are six companies that made some of the first peripherals for the iPod?

assistant: Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation
user: What can A/V cables be used to connect the iPod to?

assistant: TV
user: What company was first to create a means of connecting the iPod to an automobile?

assistant: BMW
user: In what year did Apple reveal that it would provide compatibility with a wide range of auto manufacturers?

assistant: 2005
user: Which company provides the ability to connect to iPods as a standard feature in their automobiles?

assistant: Scion
user: Which car company first offered iPod connectivity as a standard feature on their whole product line?

assistant: Scion
user: What companies have developed iPod interfacing for their stereo systems?

assistant: JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon
user: What has become a standard inclusion in cars for several different auto companies?

assistant: audio input jacks
user: Which type of iPod car integration product is illegal in certain countries?

assistant: FM transmitters
user: What audio integration feature has become standard on many car models?

assistant: audio input jacks
user: In 2007, which airlines made deals to include iPod connections on their planes?

assistant: United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates
user: Where can people using iPods on planes view the device's interface?

assistant: individual seat-back displays
user: What are two airlines that considered implementing iPod connections but did not join the 2007 agreement?

assistant: KLM and Air France
user: Which airlines first agreed to install seat connections for iPods?

assistant: United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates
user: In what year did airlines first start to accommodate the iPod?

assistant: 2007
user: What is the name of an audio format developed by Apple?

assistant: Apple Lossless
user: What are some examples of audio formats supported by the iPod?

assistant: MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless
user: What was the first model to support JPEG and other still image formats?

assistant: iPod photo
user: How many hosts are recognized by an iPod the first time they're used?

assistant: one
user: What will be erased if an iPod is set to sync with a different computer?

assistant: library
user: What must an iPod be connected to before iTunes can synchronize?

assistant: host computer
user: Where are the controls located on the 3rd gen iPod Shuffle?

assistant: earphone cable
user: What kind of interface does the iPod touch use instead of the click wheel?

assistant: touch screen
user: The 3rd generation of which iPod model had its controls only on the earphone cable?

assistant: Shuffle
user: Which other Apple product does the iPod Touch share an interface and OS with?

assistant: iPhone
user: When were videos made available through the iTunes store?

assistant: October 12, 2005
user: When did Apple begin selling entire films through the iTunes store?

assistant: September 12, 2006
user: When the iTunes store was launched, what type of file format was used?

assistant: AAC
user: How many computers were allowed to play files that used the FairPlay DRM system?

assistant: five