johnmiceeee/5503h1 huggingface dataset:
user: The spaceship that carried Alan Shepard was named what?

assistant: Freedom 7
user: The first person to have control over driving their spacecraft was whom?

assistant: Alan Shepard
user: Which president awarded Alan Shepard the NASA Distinguished Service Medal?

assistant: John F. Kennedy
user: President Kennedy sent a letter on April 20, 1961 to who about the US's space program?

assistant: Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson
user: The speech by Kennedy, "Special Message on Urgent National Needs" was delivered on what date?

assistant: May 25
user: "We choose to go to the Moon" speech was given at what location in Texas?

assistant: Rice University Stadium
user: John Glenn's spaceship was named what when he orbited the Earth?

assistant: Friendship 7
user: What first person from the USSR controlled their own spacecraft?

assistant: Gherman Titov
user: Gherman Titov from the USSR drove his own spacecraft on what date?

assistant: August 6, 1961
user: Radio communication was possible between which two spacecrafts in August 11 and 12, 1962?

assistant: Vostok 3 and Vostok 4
user: The first woman that went into space was whom?

assistant: Valentina Tereshkova
user: What spacecraft carried  Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space?

assistant: Vostok 6
user: The first woman to launch into space was on what date?

assistant: June 16, 1963
user: At what event was the Vostok spaceship first displayed to the public ?

assistant: July 1961 Tushino air show
user: When did US President John F. Kennedy, in a speech, propose to join forces to reach the moon with the USSR?

assistant: September 20, 1963
user: What two locations in Florida were renamed after Kennedy by President Johnson?

assistant: Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities
user: Which two space programs were heavily worked on by President Johnson?

assistant: Gemini and Apollo
user: On what date was the first successful three man astronaut crew?

assistant: October 12, 1964
user: The first flight in a spacecraft that allowed no suits to be worn inside was was?

assistant: Voskhod 1
user: The US Apollo Command Module flew without spacesuits in what year?

assistant: 1968
user: Korolev died on what date?

assistant: January 14, 1966
user: The Voskhod 2 carrying two humans was launched on what date?

assistant: March 18, 1965
user: Who was the first person to take a spacewalk?

assistant: Alexey Leonov
user: Which of two Voskhod 2's occupants was almost killed?

assistant: Alexey Leonov
user: Who created the circumlunar program called Zond?

assistant: Vladimir Chelomey
user: Which type of craft were two astronauts to fly in during Zond?

assistant: Soyuz 7K-L1
user: The "Lunniy Korabl" or "LK" would carry how many people?

assistant: N1
user: The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was established in what year?

assistant: 1959
user: The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was created by what organization in 1959?

assistant: United Nations
user: A problem was resolved by whom when both the US and the USSR supported a cooperative space program?

assistant: Political Committee of the UN General Assembly
user: The Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space was signed by three countries on what date?

assistant: January 27, 1967
user: Both crews were killed on which spacecraft missions in 1967?

assistant: Apollo and Soyuz
user: The Outer Space Treaty was signed by the US and the USSR on what date?

assistant: January 27, 1967
user: What was the cause of the fire that killed everyone on the first Apollo mission before launch?

assistant: electrical spark
user: Who were the three people who died on the first Apollo mission before launch?

assistant: Command Pilot Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee
user: Who was the person credited with the first in-flight space death?

assistant: Vladimir Komarov
user: When did Vladimir Komarov die on impact from his spacecraft crash?

assistant: April 24, 1967
user: Apollo 7 launched from Earth on what date?

assistant: October 11, 1968
user: Who was in charge of the Apollo 7 mission on board?

assistant: Walter Schirra
user: The Soyuz 3 began its mission to space on what date?

assistant: October 26, 1968
user: When was the first successful docking of a two man space crew?

assistant: January 1969
user: Which two space missions were the first to successfully dock each other?

assistant: Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5
user: Where was the Zond 4 over when it was destroyed by an explosion?

assistant: Gulf of Guinea
user: The first successful water landing in the Indian Ocean by the Soviets was was when?

assistant: 1968
user: What animal was carried aboard the  Zond 5?

assistant: tortoises
user: Which three people were the first to ride the Saturn V rocket into space?

assistant: Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders
user: What date did Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders leave Earth on the Apollo 8 mission?

assistant: December 21, 1968
user: During what holiday, was the Apollo 8 mission broadcast from orbit?

assistant: Christmas Eve
user: How close to the ground was the Lunar Module in May 1969 during its landing test?

assistant: 47,400 feet
user: The Lunar Module completed its first low Earth orbit on what date?

assistant: March 1969
user: The Soviet, N1 Rocket exploded and was destroyed on what date?

assistant: July 3, 1969
user: Apollo 11 mission was to land where on the Moon?

assistant: Sea of Tranquility
user: When did the Apollo 11 mission launch?

assistant: July 16, 1969
user: When was the crew chosen to participate on the Apollo 11 mission?

assistant: January 1969
user: How long did the trip to the Moon last for the crew of the Apollo 11?

assistant: three days
user: The Lunar Module of the Apollo 11 was named after what animal?

assistant: Eagle
user: At what time on Earth did Armstrong first step onto the Moon?

assistant: 9:56 pm CDT July 20
user: When did they launch from the Moon to reattach to the Columbia?

assistant: The next day
user: When did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?

assistant: July 24, 1969
user: Apollo 15 landed on the Moon on what date?

assistant: July 1971
user: On what date was the Apollo 16 successful on landing on the Moon?

assistant: April 1972
user: Apollo 17 landed on the Moon on which date?

assistant: December 1972
user: Which year did the USSR cancel the N1 rocket program after two failures that didn't launch?

assistant: 1976
user: The USSR launched their first space station on what date?

assistant: April 19, 1971
user: Who made up the crew of the Soyuz 11?

assistant: Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski and Viktor Patsayev
user: The station, Salyut 1, came back to Earth on which date?

assistant: October 11
user: How long did the station, Salyut 1, stay in orbit?

assistant: 175 days
user: Why did The Durable Orbital Station-2 not reach orbit?

assistant: rocket failure
user: The Skylab 1 was launched on which date?

assistant: May 14, 1973
user: How much did the Skylab 1 weigh?

assistant: 169,950 pounds
user: When did the Skylab 1 finally come back to Earth?

assistant: July 11, 1979
user: Which two world leaders had negotiations that relieved the Cold War?

assistant: Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev
user: When did President Nixon and Brezhnev of the USSR end the Cold War?

assistant: May 1972
user: Which Soyuz mission in December 1974 was to be used for the ASTP?

assistant: 16
user: Soyuz 19 took off from Earth on what date?

assistant: July 15, 1975
user: Which Russian rocket carries passengers to and from the International Space Station?

assistant: R-7 rocket
user: The United States' National Defense Education Act was established in what year?

assistant: 1958
user: In many villages what establishment could be called the focal point of the community?

assistant: the pub
user: Other than the United States, where in North America are pubs located?

assistant: Canada
user: How far back does the history of pubs go back?

assistant: to Roman taverns
user: What is a pub tied to in the 19th century?

assistant: the modern tied house system
user: Why were the windows of town pubs made of smoked or frosted glass traditionally?

assistant: to obscure the clientele from the street
user: What fares do most pubs offer?

assistant: beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks
user: What are the windows of 1990s and later pubs often made of?

assistant: clear glass
user: Aside from beverages, what types of food do pubs typically offer?

assistant: snacks
user: What is the owner, tenant or manager of a pub known as?

assistant: pub landlord
user: What term came into use in Victorian times to designate the pub landlord?

assistant: publican
user: Name one way  regulars choose their Pubs?

assistant: for their proximity to home or work
user: What is a proper term for the licensee of the pub?

assistant: pub landlord
user: What gaming tables can often be found in pubs?

assistant: pool or snooker
user: What was the off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption often referred to as? 

assistant: jug and bottle
user: In what decade did pubs tend to cease selling alcohol for off-premises drinking?

assistant: 1970s
user: What was the name of the counter where pubs traditionally sold alcohol to drink at home?

assistant: off-sales counter
user: What was a colloquial term for the off-sales counter?

assistant: the jug and bottle
user: Along with high street chain stores and off-licenses, what stores undercut pub alcohol sales in the 1970s?

assistant: supermarkets
user: When did the inhabitants of the British Isles begin drinking ale?

assistant: the Bronze Age
user: With the Roman road network, what were the first inns called?

assistant: tabernae
user: How did the alewife let people know that her brew was ready?

assistant: the Anglo-Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole
user: What did King Edgar decree in 965?

assistant: there should be no more than one alehouse per village
user: What color bush did an Anglo-Saxon woman raise to indicate that her ale was done brewing?

assistant: green
user: In the early Middle Ages, where could a traveler obtain overnight accommodations?

assistant: in monasteries
user: When were the Hostellers of London were granted guild status?

assistant: 1446
user: What name was taken by the Hostellers in 1514?

assistant: Worshipful Company of Innholders
user: In what year did the Hostellers of London change their name to the Worshipful Company of Innholders?

assistant: 1514
user: Where did travelers early in the Middle Ages often find lodgings?

assistant: monasteries
user: What religious activity was responsible for the growing demand for hostelries?

assistant: pilgrimages
user: In addition to providing for the needs of travelers what was another typical use for an inn?

assistant: community gathering places
user: Aside from lodging, what amenities are often offered at inns?

assistant: food and drink
user: What amenity does an inn offer that pubs, alehouses and taverns usually do not?

assistant: accommodation
user: Along with Southwark and The Tabard, what is a notable London inn?

assistant: The George
user: In what country is "The Welcome Inn" frequently used as a name for pubs?

assistant: Scotland
user: Aside from human beings, what creature's needs were traditionally seen to at inns?

assistant: horses
user: What is the main service of an inn, now also attainable in motels, hotels and lodges?

assistant: lodging
user: In the United States, what are operators of lodgings sometimes called?

assistant: innkeepers
user: Along with the Inns of Chancery, in what inns did British lawyers historically conduct business?

assistant: Inns of Court
user: Outside England, what other country does the legal system founded around the Inns of Court operate in?

assistant: Wales
user: In what century was the process of using hops to produce beer introduced to England?

assistant: 15th
user: In what century did the first independent breweries appear in England?

assistant: 17th
user: What businesses were the dominant brewers of beer in England by the close of the 17th century?

assistant: commercial breweries
user: After what political upheaval was gin introduced to England?

assistant: the Glorious Revolution
user: How much more gin than beer was made in England in 1740?

assistant: six times
user: In 1740, what fraction of London drinking establishments were gin shops?

assistant: half
user: What artist created the engraving Beer Street and Gin Lane?

assistant: William Hogarth
user: What law imposed a high tax on gin shops and resulted in riots?

assistant: The Gin Act 1736
user: When were the Gin Act 1736 duties eliminated? 

assistant: 1742
user: What law placed gin shops under the control of local magistrates?

assistant: The Gin Act 1751
user: What book by Dickens described activities in drinking establishments?

assistant: Sketches by Boz
user: Over what two-year period was Sketches by Boz written?

assistant: 1835–1836
user: What was another name for gin houses early in the 19th century?

assistant: "Gin Palaces"
user: What was the intention behind the passage of the Beer Act of 1830?

assistant: reducing public drunkenness
user: What is the approximate modern value of two guineas in 1830?

assistant: £168
user: What did the Beer Act allow a householder to sell from his home?

assistant: beer or cider
user: How many beer houses opened their doors in the inaugural year of the Beer Act?

assistant: 400
user: How many beer houses existed throughout Britain eight years after the passage of the Beer Act?

assistant: 46,000
user: What modern brewers often first began as beer houses?

assistant: real ale micro-brewers
user: Along with The Royal Oak and The Crown, what is a traditional name for a pub?

assistant: The Red Lion
user: What is an example of a name for a beer house?

assistant: Smith's Beer House
user: In addition to a license to sell spirits, what did tavern owners require a license to sell?

assistant: ale
user: In what century were the operating hours of drinking establishments first limited?

assistant: 19th
user: In what decade were the restrictions on public drinking establishment licenses loosened?

assistant: 1960s
user: What bodies controlled drinking establishment licensing administration as of 2005?

assistant: Local Authorities
user: What law mandated a license from the local magistrate to sell beer?

assistant: Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869
user: Retirees from what two professions often sought licenses for pubs?

assistant: ex-servicemen or ex-policemen
user: What were licenses called that allowed spirits to be served at temporary premises?

assistant: Occasional Licences
user: Along with a public house's address, licensee, and the licensee's misdemeanors, what information was kept in licensing records?

assistant: owner
user: In what month and year was the Defence of the Realm Act passed?

assistant: August 1914
user: Along with the period 6:30 pm–9:30 pm, what opening hours were acceptable under the Defence of the Realm Act?

assistant: 12 noon–2:30 pm
user: What is an example of a county where provinces were closed for violating the Defence of the Realm Act?

assistant: Pembrokeshire
user: What body enforced pubs' closing hours under the Defence of the Realm Act?

assistant: the police
user: What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Kensington in the 1960s?

assistant: 10:30 pm
user: What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Knightsbridge in the 1960s?

assistant: 11 pm
user: What is an example of an English city where breweries were run by the government?

assistant: Carlisle
user: On what days were Scottish and Welsh pubs often 'dry'?

assistant: Sundays
user: Circa 2000, what was the latest pubs in Wales could be open until on every day but Sunday?

assistant: 11 pm
user: What was the latest legal closing time on Sundays in English pubs as of 2000?

assistant: 10:30 pm
user: How many hours per day were pubs located near Billingsgate fish market allowed to remain open?

assistant: 24
user: In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on Sundays?

assistant: 12 noon
user: In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on any day but Sunday?

assistant: 11 am
user: What constituent countries of the United Kingdom's licensing laws were notably flexible?

assistant: Scotland's and Northern Ireland's
user: When did the Licensing Act 2003 come into effect?

assistant: 24 November 2005
user: After the Licensing Act 2003, who determined the operating hours of pubs?

assistant: the local council
user: Due to the traditional closing hours, when was there often violence outside of pubs?

assistant: 11.30 pm
user: How many alcohol involved hospital admissions were there in 2006/7?

assistant: 207,800
user: How many pubs applied to be allowed to sell alcohol 24 hours a day?

assistant: 1,121
user: What is it called when the owner of a pub allows patrons to remain when the pub should have closed?

assistant: "lock-in"
user: What law allows pubs to apply to extend their closing hours after 11pm?

assistant: Licensing Act 2003
user: A law of what year prompted the existence of the "lock-in"?

assistant: 1915
user: In what month and year was smoking banned in public places in Scotland?

assistant: March 2006
user: What was the month and year when England banned public smoking?

assistant: July 2007
user: What company took over Scottish & Newcastle's pubs?

assistant: Carlsberg and Heineken
user: What chain of pubs reported favorable profits in June 2009?

assistant: Wetherspoon
user: What street in Islington was named for a pub run by Mr Ball?

assistant: Balls Pond Road
user: What pub was the home of the Grecian Saloon?

assistant: The Eagle
user: What is rhyming slang for 'coat'?

assistant: weasel
user: Along with cabaret, striptease, bands and drama, what is a type of stage performance that can be found in pubs?

assistant: stand-up comedy
user: Along with karaoke, what type of prerecorded music is often found in pubs?

assistant: juke boxes
user: What socioeconomic class was associated with the lounge bar in the 20th century?

assistant: middle-class
user: What economic class was most likely to be found in the tap room?

assistant: working class
user: In pence, what did the cheapest beer cost in the four-ale bar?

assistant: 4
user: What was the tap room sawdust meant to absorb spills and spit called?

assistant: spit and sawdust
user: In what decades did class distinctions break down in Britain?

assistant: the 1960s and 1970s
user: What was a common way of removing the division between the saloon and bar?

assistant: removal of the dividing wall or partition
user: What was the relationship between the price of beer in the smoke room versus the rest of the bar?

assistant: higher
user: Along with the local police, what profession is given as an example of someone who might use the snug?

assistant: the parish priest
user: How many pubs were part of the CAMRA survey?

assistant: 50,000
user: According to CAMRA, how many pubs in Britain possess classic snugs?

assistant: very few
user: In Germany, what do servers do to serve beer in beer gardens?

assistant: bring the beer out to the table
user: Before the pub, where did beer establishments keep their casks of ale?

assistant: taproom
user: In what settlement is the pub known as The Vine located?

assistant: Brierley Hill
user: What was Isambard Brunel's occuption?

assistant: engineer and railway builder
user: What is the function of a "beer engine"?

assistant: to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar
user: In what newspaper did John Lofting mention his beer pump?

assistant: London Gazette
user: On what day was Lofting's fire engine patent published?

assistant: 17 March 1691
user: How many barrels did Lofting promise his beer pump would deliver hourly?

assistant: 20 to 30
user: What location did John Lofting live near?

assistant: St Thomas Apostle London
user: What tavern did William Tillcar live adjacent to?

assistant: Sun Tavern
user: What is a common name for a beer pump powered by hand?

assistant: handpump
user: Along with electricity, what sometimes powers beer pumps that aren't operated by hand?

assistant: gas
user: What was the name for a pub that could sell beer from more than one brewery?

assistant: a Free house
user: In what century did the habit arise of pubs selling beer from only one brewery?

assistant: 18th
user: What was the name of the private individual who rented out a pub owned by a brewery?

assistant: landlord
user: What is a notable brewery in Kent that owns hundreds of pubs?

assistant: Shepherd Neame
user: What is an example of a brewer that owns pubs throughout Britain?

assistant: Greene King
user: What law required that a pub offer at least one beer from a brewery it wasn't tied to?

assistant: The Beer Orders
user: Along with Punch Taverns and Weatherspoons, what was an organization formed as a result of the Beer Orders?

assistant: O'Neill's
user: What is the name of a company that retails but does not manufacture drinks?

assistant: PubCo
user: Along with breweries, what type of company may run a pub chain?

assistant: PubCo
user: When a pub is bought by a new owner, what often happens to them?

assistant: renamed
user: What often happens to regional breweries after they sell their pubs?

assistant: closed down
user: What is the closest outlet for a brewery's beers called?

assistant: A brewery tap
user: If the brewery tap is not located in the brewery, where is it usually located?

assistant: the nearest pub
user: What is the term for a pub that brews and sells its own beer?

assistant: brewpub
user: What was a function of distant country pubs before the rise of motor vehicles?

assistant: serving travellers as coaching inns
user: Over what period of years has the traditional function of country pubs been changing?

assistant: the last thirty
user: What is a frequent modern function of country pubs?

assistant: providing seating facilities for the consumption of food
user: Along with community meetings, what was the traditional purpose of country pubs?

assistant: drinking
user: What is a blanket term for pubs that, for example, cater to sports fans?

assistant: theme pubs
user: What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people of a certain nationality?

assistant: Irish pubs
user: What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people with certain musical interests?

assistant: rock pubs
user: What sort of theme pub would be likely to feature strippers?

assistant: strip pubs
user: In what sort of theme pub could one find visitors singing with musical accompaniment?

assistant: karaoke bars
user: Which monarch required landlords to post a sign if they wanted to sell ale?

assistant: Richard II
user: In what year did the king demand ale-sellers post signage on pain of forfeiture?

assistant: 1393
user: If an ale-seller refused to post a sign, what punishment would he receive?

assistant: forfeit his ale
user: In what historical period was a large portion of the population illiterate?

assistant: the Middle Ages
user: From where did pubs without written names derive their names?

assistant: the illustration on the pub's sign
user: Along with The Star and The Sun, what was a typical symbol used on a pub sign?

assistant: The Cross
user: What graphic belonging to the local lord was sometimes incorporated on the pub sign?

assistant: the coat of arms
user: What was an example of a battle that might lend itself to a pub name?

assistant: Trafalgar
user: What piece of information is almost always listed on a pub sign?

assistant: the name of the pub
user: What purpose do stand-alone signs serve for country pubs?

assistant: directing potential customers to their door
user: What is an example of a memorable name for a pub chain?

assistant: Slug and Lettuce
user: What is the purpose of a pub name?

assistant: to identify and differentiate each pub
user: What type of pub signs were useful to an illiterate clientele?

assistant: pictorial signs
user: After whom was the Marquis of Granby pub named?

assistant: John Manners, Marquess of Granby
user: Who was the father of John Manners, Marquess of Granby?

assistant: John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland