johnmiceeee/5503h1 huggingface dataset:
user: What is required to invalidate a party's consent due to a reluctance to inquire into the internal affairs and processes of other states?

assistant: a "manifest violation"
user: A manifest violation is required to invalidate a party's consent to a treaty due to a reluctance internationally to inquire into what aspects of other states?

assistant: the internal affairs and processes
user: What might a party's consent to a treaty be considered if it has been given by an agent without the power under the state's domestic law to do so?

assistant: invalid
user: If a state's representative ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign, what might that state's consent to a treaty be considered to be?

assistant: invalid
user: Who might place restrictions on a representative during negotiation of a treaty?

assistant: his sovereign
user: What must be true of the ignored restrictions placed on a representative by his sovereign in order for a state's consent to a treaty to be considered invalid?

assistant: the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing
user: Who must have been notified of the ignored restrictions placed by a sovereign on his representative prior to the signing of a treaty in order for a state's consent to be considered invalid? 

assistant: the other parties
user: The preamble of what states that treaties are a source of international law?

assistant: The Law of Treaties
user: What are started to be a source of international law in the preamble in The Law of Treaties?

assistant: treaties
user: Approval under what law will not make an act or lack thereof legal if condemned under international law?

assistant: internal law
user: An act or lack thereof cannot be made legal under what law even if made legal under internal law?

assistant: international law
user: Which articles of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties set out the ways that treaties can be invalidated?

assistant: Articles 46–53
user: In addition to the circumstances by which a state party joined a treaty, why might a treaty be invalidated?

assistant: the content of the treaty itself
user: In addition to the content of the treaty itself, why might a treated by invalidated?

assistant: the circumstances by which a state party joined the treaty
user: A treaty might be considered what if it's considered unenforceable and void under international law?

assistant: invalidated
user: Which processes simply alter the consent given by parties to a previously valid treaty rather than invalidating the consent completely?

assistant: withdrawal, suspension, or termination
user: What on behalf of a state cannot invalidate that state's consent to a treaty?

assistant: own conduct
user: Consent to a treaty will not be invalidated if what should have been evident?

assistant: the truth
user: What may be invalidated if there was an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation at the time of conclusion of a treaty?

assistant: A state's consent
user: An erroneous understanding of a fact or situation may only invalidate a state's consent to a treaty if what is also true about the erroneous understanding?

assistant: formed the "essential basis" of the state's consent
user: What, if it formed the "essential basis" of a state's consent to a treaty, may invalidate that consent?

assistant: an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation
user: What type of conduct of a party to a treaty can invalidate the consent of another party?

assistant: fraudulent conduct
user: What type of action, either direct or indirect, of a state's representative by another type of party to a treaty can invalidate a state's consent?

assistant: corruption
user: Coercion of a representative or a state itself will result in what happening to its consent to a treaty?

assistant: invalidate that consent
user: Coercion of a state or its what through the threat or use of force, if used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty, will invalidate that consent?

assistant: representative
user: What must  be true of coercion through the threat or use of force of a party to treaty for it to invalidate the state's consent to a treaty?

assistant: used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty
user: What will a treaty be if it is in violation of a peremptory norm?

assistant: null and void
user: What type of norm is recognized as permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations?

assistant: peremptory norm
user: What is true of acts such as genocide and piracy in regard to treaty law?

assistant: no state can legally assume an obligation to commit or permit such acts
user: What distinguishes peremptory norms from other principles of customary law?

assistant: permitting no violations and so cannot be altered through treaty obligations
user: What is an example of a type of universally prohibited action that no state can legally assume an obligation to commit or permit through a treaty?

assistant: genocide
user: What document states that treaties must be registered with the United Nations to be invoked before it or enforced in the International Court of Justice?

assistant: The United Nations Charter
user: Why does the United Nations Charter state that treaties must be registered with the United Nations?

assistant: to prevent the proliferation of secret treaties
user: In which centuries did a proliferation of secret treaties occur that led the United Nations Charter to include an obligation to register treaties to be invoked before it?

assistant: 19th and 20th century
user: What section of the United Nations Charter states that its members' obligation under the charter outweigh any competing obligations under other treaties?

assistant: Section 103
user: Treaties and their amendments must follow the official legal procedures of what body after their adoption?

assistant: the United Nations
user: Which office of the United Nations is in charge of applying its official legal procedures?

assistant: the Office of Legal Affairs
user: When must all treaties and their amendments follow the official legal procedures of the United Nations?

assistant: After their adoption
user: In addition to signature and ratification, what legal procedure of the United Nations must all treaties follow after their adoption?

assistant: entry into force
user: What are three official legal procedures of the United Nations that all treaties must follow after their adoption?

assistant: signature, ratification and entry into force
user: The United Nations has been compared to what government in function and effectiveness?

assistant: the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government
user: In which aspects has the United Nations been compared to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government?

assistant: function and effectiveness
user: The comparison of the United Nations to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government gives us a comparison between what modern and historical legal topics of interest?

assistant: modern treaty law and the historical Articles of Confederation
user: Modern treaty law can be compared in function and effectiveness to the historical Articles of Confederation by comparing the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government with what modern institution?

assistant: the UN
user: What legal document formed the basis of the pre-Constitutional Federal government of the United States?

assistant: Articles of Confederation
user: What part of the Brazilian federal consitution states that the power to enter into treaties is vested in the president and that such treaties must be approved by Congress?

assistant: articles 84, clause VIII, and 49, clause I
user: In practice the Brazilian president must get the prior approval of what body in order to negotiate and sign a treaty?

assistant: Congress
user: What Brazilian institution has ruled that a treaty must be incorporated into domestic law by means of a presidential decree?

assistant: the Federal Supreme Court
user: In order for a treaty to be valid in Brazil, a presidential decree incorporating the treaty into domestic law must be published where in order to be valid?

assistant: the federal register
user: In what office is the power to enter into treaties vested according to the Brazilian federal constitution?

assistant: president
user: The Brazilian Federal Supreme Court has ruled that treaties enjoy what position relative to ordinary legislation?

assistant: same hierarchical position
user: In what year did the Brazilian Supreme Court rule that treaties containing human rights provisions enjoy a status above ordinary legislation?

assistant: 2008
user: What amendment to the Brazilian constitution states that human rights treaties approved by means of a special procedure by Congress enjoy the same position as a constitutional amendment?

assistant: the 45th amendment
user: The hierarchical position of treaties relative to domestic legislation in Brazil determines whether the latter can do what to the former and vice versa?

assistant: abrogate
user: What kind of clause does the United States constitution have that the Brazilian constitution does not have with the same effects?

assistant: supremacy clause
user: A supremacy clause in a federal constitution is relevant to the discussion on the relation between treaties and what other type of legislation?

assistant: state legislation
user: What clause of the United States Constitution is relevant to the discussion of the relation between treaties and U.S. legislation?

assistant: supremacy clause
user: The Brazilian constitution does not have a supremacy clause that would be of interest to the relation between state legislation and what other legal agreements?

assistant: treaties
user: Treaties, executive agreements, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements are the same under international law but different with respect to what?

assistant: internal American law
user: Under US law, what primarily distinguishes treaties, executive agreements, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements?

assistant: their method of approval
user: What percentage of United States Senators must give advice and consent in order for the US to enter a treaty?

assistant: two-thirds
user: What type of agreement may a US president enter by acting alone?

assistant: sole executive agreements
user: What type of agreement requires majority approval by both the House and the Senate before or after a treaty is signed by the United States president?

assistant: congressional-executive agreements
user: In the United States, what is the ratio of executive agreements to treaties?

assistant: 10:1
user: What is it about the approval process of executive agreements might lead a US president to prefer them over treaties?

assistant: the relative ease
user: The president of the United States might prefer the formal treaty process on matters that require Congress to do what?

assistant: pass implementing legislation or appropriate funds
user: The president of the United States might prefer the formal treaty process for agreements that impose what type of legal obligations on the US?

assistant: long-term, complex
user: The international deal between the US, other countries, and what controversial nation is not a treaty?

assistant: Iran
user: In what cases did the US Supreme Court rule that treaties do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress?

assistant: Head Money Cases
user: The US Supreme Court ruled that treaties can be repealed or modified by what for the purposes of US law?

assistant: Act of Congress
user: What Supreme Court case ruled that a treaty provision that conflicts with the US Constitution is null and void under US law?

assistant: Reid v. Covert
user: The US Supreme Court ruled that treaties can be repealed or modified for the purposes of US law just like what by any subsequent Act of Congress?

assistant: any other regular law
user: Any treaty provision that conflicts with the US Constitution is considered what under US law?

assistant: null and void
user: Into what 3 lists are legislation subjects divided in India?

assistant: Union List, State List and Concurrent List
user: What type of legislative subjects can both the central legislative body and state legislatures make laws?

assistant: Concurrent subjects
user: In order to implement international treaties, for what subjects can the Parliament of India legislate to override the general division of subject lists?

assistant: any subject
user: What subjects can only be legislated by the central legislative body in India?

assistant: the subjects in Union list
user: With whom did Europeans attempt to sign treaties in order to legitimize their sovereignty during colonization?

assistant: indigenous peoples
user: What terms in relation to Europeans did most indigenous people enjoy under treaties?

assistant: extremely disadvantageous terms
user: What aspect of the treaties that indigenous people signed with Europeans did the indigenous people typically not understand?

assistant: the implications
user: What did Europeans try to legitimize all over the world by signing treaties with indigenous people?

assistant: their sovereignty
user: In what two rare cases were local governments able to mitigate the impact of of European colonization through treaties?

assistant: Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China
user: What did Ethiopians learn in order to use treaties to prevent a European power from overstepping their agreement?

assistant: the intricacies of European diplomatic customs
user: Both Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China learned the intricacies of European diplomatic customs to mitigate what through treaties?

assistant: the impact of European colonization
user: In addition to preventing a power from overstepping their agreement, how was Ethiopia able to mitigate the impact of European colonization?

assistant: by playing different powers against each other
user: Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China were both able to prevent European powers from doing what to their agreements?

assistant: overstepping
user: What were native peoples able to maintain a minimum amount of through treaties?

assistant: autonomy
user: What indigenous people of New Zealand entered into a treaty entitling Europeans to land ownership?

assistant: Māori
user: What doctrine was overturned by Mabo v Queensland establishing the concept of native title?

assistant: terra nullius
user: The concept of native title was established by what court case?

assistant: Mabo v Queensland
user: Treaties between indigenous peoples and what other groups formed an important part of political discourse in the late 20th and early 21st century?

assistant: colonizers
user: What legislative act provided that no Indian nation shall be acknowledged as an independent nation with whom the United States may contract by treaty?

assistant: Indian Appropriations Act of March 3, 1871
user: By what did the US federal government provide contractual relations with Indian tribes following the Indian Appropriations Act of March 3, 1871?

assistant: agreements, statutes, and executive orders
user: Prior to what year did the United States regularly enter into treaties with Native Americans?

assistant: 1871
user: A rider to the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 provided that no Indian nation shall be acknowledged as what?

assistant: an independent nation, tribe, or power
user: A rider to the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 provided that the US government could not do what with an Indian nation?

assistant: contract by treaty
user: In what year did Josip Broz Tito die?

assistant: 1980
user: During World War II what resistance movement did he lead?

assistant: the Partisans,
user: In the Non-Aligned Movement, which Egyptian leader did Tito work with?

assistant: Gamal Abdel Nasser
user: In the Non-Aligned Movement, which Indonesian leader did Tito work with?

assistant: Sukarno
user: What position in the League of Communists of Yugoslavia was Tito?

assistant: General Secretary
user: What position in Yugoslavia's government did Tito hold from 1944-63?

assistant: Prime Minister
user: What foreign decorations did Tito recieve?

assistant: Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath
user: During what years did Tito lead the Partisans?

assistant: 1941–45
user: When did Tito implement a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist coutnries?

assistant: 1951
user: Where was Tito serioiusly wounded and captured by the Russians at?

assistant: Bukovina
user: Where did Broz flee to after a White counteroffensive?

assistant: Kirgiziya
user: How many seats did the Communists win in 1920 Yugoslavia?

assistant: 59
user: Who was elected mayor of Zagreb after the Communists won 59 parliamentary seats?

assistant: Svetozar Delić
user: Where did Broz move in 1921?

assistant: Veliko Trojstvo
user: Who became his ideological mentor in prison?

assistant: Moša Pijade,
user: Who became Secretary-General of the CPY after the prior one was murdered?

assistant: Tito
user: When did German forces launch an invasion of Yugoslavia?

assistant: 6 April 1941
user: What did Tito use to get the people to unit in a battle against the occupation in 1941?

assistant: pamphlet
user: What position was Tito appointed to in 1941 by the Central Committee?

assistant: Chief of all project national liberation military forces.
user: In 1941, where did representatives of the government and military meet with German officials?

assistant: Belgrade
user: Who did the Partisans have conflicts with?

assistant: Chetnik movement
user: Which Chetnik leader did Tito hold talks with?

assistant: Draža Mihailović
user: Which group did Tito order his forces to assist?

assistant: escaping Jews,
user: When did the Partisans create the First Proletarian Brigade?

assistant: 1941
user: When did Tito create the Second Proletarian Brigade?

assistant: 1942
user: What position was Tito named to for the National Committee of LIberation?

assistant: President
user: Where was the 67-member "presidency" located?

assistant: Jajce
user: How many members were in the "presidency" in Jajce?

assistant: 67
user: Who diverted resources to the destruction of the Partisans?

assistant: Axis
user: In 1944 where did Tito manage to avoid the Germans?

assistant: Drvar
user: From whom did Allied leaders switch their support from to Tito?

assistant: Draža Mihailović
user: With whom did Tito have an uneasy alliance form the start?

assistant: Stalin
user: In 1944 who called on all Yuboslavs to come together under Tito's leadership?

assistant: King Peter II
user: With whom did Tito sign an agreement on September 28 1944?

assistant: Soviet Union
user: Who executed a massive offensive and succeeded in breaking through German lines?

assistant: the Partisans
user: Who dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters prohibiting the execution of prisoners of war?

assistant: Tito
user: In the final days of WWII in Yugoslavia, who were responsible for atrocities?

assistant: Partisans
user: When was the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia assembled?

assistant: 7 March 1945
user: Who was formally deposed by the Yugoslav Constitutent Assembly on November 29, 1945?

assistant: King Peter II
user: Who was charged with brining to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators?

assistant: Yugoslav intelligence
user: Who were controversial among those brought to trial for Nazi collaboration?

assistant: Catholic clergymen
user: Who was found guilty of collaboration, high treason?

assistant: Draža Mihailović
user: Who was the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?

assistant: Aloysius Stepinac
user: How long after his release from imprisonment did TIto attend the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?

assistant: two days
user: What topic was a sticking point at the Bishops' Conference?

assistant: Catholic Church
user: Under whose leadership did the bishops' conference release a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes?

assistant: Stepinac
user: As early as what year was a spy ring set up in the Yugoslav party?

assistant: 1945
user: At least how many American aircraft were shot down between 1945 and 1948?

assistant: four
user: In what year did Tito model his economic development plan independently from Moscow?

assistant: 1948
user: Tito did not attend the second meeting of this.

assistant: Cominform
user: In what year did the crisis nearly escalate into armed conflict?

assistant: 1949
user: What was the name of those purged in other socialist states in Eastern Europe?

assistant: Titoists
user: Whose methods did Tito use to fight Yugoslav Stalinists?

assistant: Stalin
user: Who used inhumane methods against oponents through the UBDA?

assistant: Ranković
user: Until what year did the repression of the UBDA last?

assistant: 1956
user: The work of the UBDA was due to tension between Yugoslavia and what country?

assistant: Soviet Union
user: Which country gave Yugoslavia aid when Tito became estranged from the USSR?

assistant: US
user: Which leader feared that accepting American aid meant aligning with the West?

assistant: Tito
user: What name refers to the period of instability during the rift between Tito and the USSR?

assistant: Informbiro
user: What was Tito's form of communism called?

assistant: Titoism
user: In what year did the National Assembly support a crucial bill about "self Management"?

assistant: 1950
user: Who wrote the bill with Tito about "self management"?

assistant: Milovan Đilas
user: When did Tito visit the USSR to signal that his country's animosity was decreasing?

assistant: 1956
user: How many high-level Communists were purged in the Slansky trial?

assistant: 14
user: How many Communists were executed at the Slansky trial?

assistant: 11
user: What country had pressure put on it by Stalin to conduct purges?

assistant: Czechoslovakia
user: Under whose leadership did Yugoslavia become a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement?

assistant: Tito
user: In what year did Tito co-found the Non-Aligned Movement?

assistant: 1961
user: Which Indonesian leader co-founded the Non-Aligned movement with Tito?

assistant: Nehru
user: Who became the first Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement?

assistant: Tito
user: When did Tito first visit Emperor Haile Selassie?

assistant: 1954
user: When did Tito last visit Emperor Selassie?

assistant: 1956
user: In what country does Tito have a street named in his honor?

assistant: Ethiopia
user: During what period did Tito pursue a policy of neutrality?

assistant: Cold War
user: With whom did Tito's belief in self-determination cause a rift?

assistant: Stalin
user: Who had a strong belief in self-determination and was opposed to Stalin because of this?

assistant: Tito
user: Tito had cordial relations with the United States and what other Western area?

assistant: Western European nations
user: After his return from where did Tito remove many restrictions on churches in Yugoslavia?

assistant: India
user: Where did Tito visit from 1954 to 1955?

assistant: India
user: After returning from India, Tito removed restrictions on what type of institutions?

assistant: spiritual
user: What was the only Communist country allowed to have an embassy in Stroessner's Paraguay?

assistant: Yugoslavia
user: Yugoslavia was the only communist country to have an embassy where?

assistant: Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay
user: What country did Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garcia lead?

assistant: Guatemala
user: When did Yugoslavia change its name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?

assistant: 7 April 1963
user: Eisenhower met Tito where in 1960?

assistant: United Nations General Assembly meeting.
user: Who said that neutralism did not imply passivity but mean "not taking sides"?

assistant: Tito
user: When did Tito meet Eisenhower at the U.N.?

assistant: 1960
user: What anti-communist archbisoph died in 1960?

assistant: Stepinac
user: Stepinac's death gave new freedom to what branch of the Roman Catholic Church?

assistant: Yugoslav
user: What agency had its staff reduced to 5000 after Lenninist orthodoxy was abandoned?

assistant: UDBA
user: What ideology did Tito abandon as part of his new socialism?

assistant: Leninist