johnmiceeee/5503h1 huggingface dataset:
user: What three words originated from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew- ("be spoken of, fame")?

assistant: he word slovo ("word") and the related slava ("fame") and slukh ("hearing")
user: The word Slav could be derived from what Middle English word?

assistant: sclave
user: The Byzantine Greek σκλάβος sklábos "slave," which was in turn apparently derived from what?

assistant: misunderstanding of the Slavic autonym
user: The Byzantine term Sklavinoi was loaned into Arabic as Saqaliba by who?

assistant: medieval Arab historiographers
user: Who argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper?

assistant: Lozinski
user: Who speculates that *slava derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos?

assistant: S.B. Bernstein
user: Who argued that the Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was derived from slova?

assistant: Henrich Bartek
user: The earliest mentions of Slavic raids are across what river?

assistant: River Danube
user: The earliest mentions of what may be dated to the first half of the 6th century?

assistant: Slavic raids
user: No archaeological evidence of a Slavic settlement in the Balkans could be securely dated before when?

assistant: c. 600 AD
user: There is no evidence of a Slavic settlement where before c. 600 AD?

assistant: the Balkans
user: The Slavs make their first appearance in Byzantine records when?

assistant: in the early 6th century
user: The Slavs were under what name in the early 6th century?

assistant: the Antes and the Sclaveni
user: According to Byzantine historiographers, tribes of Slavs emerged from what areas?

assistant: the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea
user: Tribes of Slavs were invading what provinces of the Eastern Empire?

assistant: the Danubian provinces
user: Under whose reign did Byzantine historiographers describe Slavic tribes?

assistant: under Justinian I
user: Who wrote in 545 that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times."?

assistant: Procopius
user: When did Procopius write that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times."?

assistant: 545
user: Procopius said Sclaveni and Antae were both called what?

assistant: Spori
user: What does Procopius describe in his writings of the Sclaveni and Antae?

assistant: their social structure and beliefs
user: Who did Procopius write about in 545?

assistant: the Sclaveni and the Antae
user: Who tells us that the Sclaveni had swamps and forests for their cities?

assistant: Jordanes
user: A 6th-century source refers to the Sclaveni as living where?

assistant: among nearly impenetrable forests, rivers, lakes, and marshes
user: Who mentions a Daurentius (577–579) that slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I?

assistant: Menander Protector
user: Who slew an envoy of Khagan Bayan I?

assistant: Daurentius
user: The Slavs were asked to accept the suzerainty of whom?

assistant: the Avars
user: Who said, "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs – so it shall always be for us."?

assistant: Daurentius
user: Whose envoy was slaughtered by Daurentius?

assistant: Khagan Bayan I
user: An uncertain relationship was held between the Slavs and who?

assistant: the Veneti
user: The Veneti tribe was located where?

assistant: east of the River Vistula
user: What name may refer both to Balts and Slavs?

assistant: Veneti
user: When was the relationship between the Slavs and Veneti uncertain?

assistant: in the Roman period
user: Slavic-speaking tribes were part of what prior to becoming known to the Roman world?

assistant: multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia
user: What were some of the multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia?

assistant: the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires
user: Some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to where?

assistant: Iberia and north Africa
user: When did Slavs appear on Byzantine borders?

assistant: Around the 6th century
user: The Slavs appeared on whose borders around the 6th century?

assistant: Byzantine borders
user: Where else reported Slavic settlements?

assistant: Peloponnese and Asia Minor
user: Where had the Slavs settled by the end of the 6th century?

assistant: the Eastern Alps
user: When had the Slavs settled the Eastern Alps?

assistant: By the end of the 6th century
user: What appeared among the Slavs when their migratory movements ended?

assistant: the first rudiments of state organizations
user: When did the first rudiments of state organizations appear among the Slavs?

assistant: When their migratory movements ended
user: Early state organizations where headed by what?

assistant: a prince with a treasury and a defense force
user: Noble Slavs pledged allegiance to whom?

assistant: the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzantine Emperors
user: When did Samo become the ruler of the first known Slav state?

assistant: the 7th century
user: What Frankish merchant was the ruler of the first Slav state in Central Europe?

assistant: Samo
user: What is the oldest Slav state in Central Europe?

assistant: Carantania
user: Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of what to the rest of the Slavic world?

assistant: Slavic literacy and Christianity
user: What three free Slavic states were in the world as of 1878?

assistant: the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro
user: When were the Russian Empire, Serbia, and Montenegro the only free Slavic states in the world?

assistant: 1878
user: When were independent states as Czechoslovakia, the Second Polish Republic, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs established?

assistant: In 1918
user: Whose plan for the East entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavs?

assistant: Hitler's
user: What would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union?

assistant: The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost
user: The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost resulted in the death and imprisonment of how many people?

assistant: 19.3 million civilians
user: The first half of the 20th century was marked by what in Russia and the Soviet Union?

assistant: succession of wars, famines and other disasters
user: Who estimated the Russian population was 90 million fewer than it could have been in 1945?

assistant: Stephen J. Lee
user: When was the Russian population estimated to be about 90 million fewer than it could have been?

assistant: 1945
user: What was marked by succession of wars, famines, and other disasters in the 20th century?

assistant: Russia and the Soviet Union
user: When did Pan-Slavism develop as a movement?

assistant: In the 19th century
user: Pan-Slavism became compromised when what empire started to use it as an ideology justifying its territorial conquests?

assistant: Russian Empire
user: The Russian Empire used what as justification for its territorial conquests?

assistant: Pan-Slavism
user: What notable political union of the 20th century covered most South Slavs?

assistant: Yugoslavia
user: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic?

assistant: 1939–1945
user: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of Yugoslavia?

assistant: 1943–1992
user: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?

assistant: 1992–2003
user: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of Serbia and Montenegro?

assistant: 2003–2006
user: Many Slavic populations that were part of the Warsaw Pact are originally from where?

assistant: the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR
user: What other Slavic minorities are in Kazakhstan?

assistant: Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles
user: What movement came into prominence in the mid-19th century that emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples?

assistant: Pan-Slavism
user: Where was the main focus of Pan-Slavism?

assistant: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice
user: When did the Soviet Union gain political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations?

assistant: between 1945 and 1948
user: How long did the Soviet Union retain a hegemonic role?

assistant: until the period 1989–1991
user: What began as an almost exclusively linguistic and philological enterprise?

assistant: Slavic studies
user: When were Slavic languages recognized as Indo-European?

assistant: As early as 1833
user: In 1833, Slavic languages were recognized as what?

assistant: Indo-European
user: What depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups?

assistant: The alphabet
user: Other than the Roman Catholics, who else uses Latin?

assistant: the Bosniaks
user: What is a Latin script to write in Belarusian?

assistant: the Lacinka alphabet
user: What is the supposed ancestor of all Slavic languages?

assistant: Proto-Slavic
user: Proto-Slavic developed numerous lexical and morphophonological isoglosses with what languages?

assistant: Baltic languages
user: The Indo-Europeans who remained after the migrations became speakers of what?

assistant: Balto-Slavic
user: Proto-Slavic is a descendant of what?

assistant: Proto-Indo-European
user: Proto-Slavic is sometimes referred to as what?

assistant: Common Slavic or Late Proto-Slavic
user: What is defined as the last stage of the language preceding the geographical split of the historical Slavic languages?

assistant: Proto-Slavic
user: Old Church Slavonic manuscripts were based on the local Slavic speech of what?

assistant: Thessaloniki
user: What could still serve the purpose of the first common Slavic literary language?

assistant: Old Church Slavonic manuscripts
user: When were pagan Slavic populations Christianized?

assistant: between the 6th and 10th centuries
user: What religion is predominant in the East and South Slavs?

assistant: Orthodox Christianity
user: What religion is predominant in the West and western South Slavs?

assistant: Roman Catholicism
user: The majority of contemporary Slavic populations who profess a religion are what?

assistant: Orthodox
user: Who is customarily divided along geographical lines into tree major subgroups?

assistant: Slavs
user: What three major subgroups are Slavs divided into?

assistant: West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs
user: The Slav subgroups have had notable cultural contact with what kind of civilisations?

assistant: non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age
user: Ethnic affiliation of who has become an ideological conflict?

assistant: the Lemkos
user: The idea of "Carpatho-Ruthenian" nation is supported only by Lemkos residing where?

assistant: Transcarpathia and abroad
user: Most Slavic Muslims now opt for what ethnicity?

assistant: Bosniak
user: What two groups are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably?

assistant: Bosniak and Muslim
user: A small number of people declare themselves Bosniak but are not necessarily Muslim by faith within what regions?

assistant: Bosnia and Herzegovina
user: This identity continues to be used by a minority throughout the what former republics?

assistant: Yugoslav republics
user: Where are Šokci located?

assistant: Slavonia and Vojvodina
user: What sub-groups of Slovenes are extinct?

assistant: Carantanians and Somogy Slovenes
user: What are the current sub-groups of Slovenes?

assistant: Prekmurians, Hungarian Slovenes, Carinthian Slovenes, Venetian Slovenes, Resians
user: Serbs of Croatia are mostly descendants of who?

assistant: the Grenzers
user: What two DNA haplogroups predominate in modern Slavic peoples?

assistant: R1a1a [M17] and I2a2a
user: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in the Sorbs?

assistant: 63.39%
user: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Poland?

assistant: 56.4%
user: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Ukraine?

assistant: 54%
user: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Russia?

assistant: 52%
user: When did Rębała and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland?

assistant: 2007
user: Who studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland?

assistant: Rębała
user: In 2007 Rębała and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing what?

assistant: the Proto-Slavic homeland
user: Who searched for specifically Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]?

assistant: Marcin Woźniak and colleagues
user: When did Marcin Woźniak search specifically for Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]?

assistant: 2010
user: The team that discovered M458 was led by who?

assistant: Peter Underhill
user: What is distinguished by the presence of Y Haplogroup N?

assistant: Pomors
user: Pomors are distinguished by the presence of what?

assistant: Y Haplogroup N
user: Y Haplogroup N are found at high rates in who?

assistant: Uralic peoples
user: I2a1b1 is typical of what populations?

assistant: South Slavic populations
user: I2a1b1 is found being highest where?

assistant: Bosnia-Herzegovina
user: Haplogroup I2a2 is commonly found in what group of people?

assistant: north-eastern Italians
user: Hg I2a2 was believed to have arisen where?

assistant: west Balkans
user: Who has split I2a2 into two clades?

assistant: Ken Nordtvedt
user: When did Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk use a sample of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Monigoloid" "mtDNA lineages"?

assistant: 2008
user: Who used a sample of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Monigoloid" "mtDNA lineages"?

assistant: Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk
user: Malyarchuk found Czech mtDNA lineages were typical of what populations?

assistant: Slavic populations
user: Malyarchuk said the Mongoloid component of Slavic people was partially added before the split of "Balto-Slavics" in what time period?

assistant: Malyarchuk said that other Slavs "Mongoloid component" was increased during the waves of migration from "steppe populations
user: Malyarchuk said that other Slavs "Mongoloid component" was increased during the waves of migration from what populations?

assistant: steppe populations
user: DNA from how many Russians show that the Y chromosomes fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to West Eurasian populations?

assistant: 1228
user: DNA samples from 1228 Russians show that the Y chromosomes analyzed, all except 20 (1.6%) fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to what populations?

assistant: West Eurasian
user: Taken together, they account for what percentage of the total Russian Y chromosomal pool?

assistant: 95%
user: What percentage fell into haplogroups that are specific to East and South Asian populations?

assistant: 0.7%
user: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) examined in Poles and Russians revealed the presence of what major haplogroups?

assistant: European
user: Who did the Slavs have contact with in Ukraine?

assistant: Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths
user: After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating who?

assistant: non-Slavic peoples
user: What peoples where in the Balkans?

assistant: Paleo-Balkan peoples
user: Who vanished from the population of the Balkans?

assistant: The Thracians and Illyrians
user: Where did South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders?

assistant: In the Western Balkans
user: In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with who?

assistant: Avar invaders
user: In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with who?

assistant: Germanic and Celtic
user: The eastern Slavs intermixed with who?

assistant: Uralic and Scandinavian peoples
user: Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of what state?

assistant: the Rus' state
user: Who settled in parts of England?

assistant: Polabian Slavs (Wends)
user: Where did Polabian Slavs (Wends) settle?

assistant: parts of England (Danelaw)
user: Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled where?

assistant: Norse age Iceland
user: What refers to the Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus?

assistant: Saqaliba
user: Cossacks came from what backgrounds?

assistant: Tatars and other Turks
user: Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were what?

assistant: Ossetians
user: When did the Vlachs migrate into the region?

assistant: 14th to 17th centuries
user: What population descended from the Vlachs?

assistant: Moravian Wallachia
user: Slavs that remained in the Carpathian basin were assimilated into who?

assistant: the Magyar or Romanian population
user: There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in what country?

assistant: Romania
user: Majority of Slavs continued south to the riches of the territory that became what country?

assistant: Bulgaria
user: Where did the Slavs that assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population remain?

assistant: Carpathian basin
user: In what month of 2014 did Southampton's City Council give the go-ahead for WestQuay Watermark?

assistant: October
user: By the end of 2016, how many people are projected to be working onsite at WestQuay Watermark?

assistant: 1,550
user: In the 2011 census, what was the population of Southampton after it merged with Portsmouth?

assistant: 855,569
user: What is the estimated minimum population of South Hampshire?

assistant: 1.5 million
user: What ancient settlement was established after Rome invaded and the Britons were conquered?

assistant: Clausentum
user: According to evidence found, in what archaeological age were there first inhabitants in the area of Southampton?

assistant: stone age
user: What is the site of Clausentum called now?

assistant: Bitterne Manor
user: In addition to two ditches, what was Clausentum's defense from invaders?

assistant: a wall
user: What people established a settlement in what is now the St. Mary's area of Southampton?

assistant: Anglo-Saxons
user: What name did the Anglo-Saxons give their settlement first?

assistant: Hamwic
user: What name did Hamwic have in the interim as it was evolving into Hampton?

assistant: Hamtun
user: What river separated Hamwic from the home of previous settlers?

assistant: Itchen
user: What kind of raids disturbed Hamwic in the 9th century?

assistant: Viking
user: In what century was a new settlement set up at the site of Hamwic?

assistant: 10th
user: What was the name of the 10th-century fortified settlement that took Hamwic's place?

assistant: Southampton
user: What was the capital of England during the time of the Norman Conquest?

assistant: Winchester
user: Southampton was important to transit between Winchester and what other region in England in the 11th century?

assistant: Normandy
user: During the 13th century, what did Southampton get in trade for English cloth and wool?

assistant: French wine
user: Ruins of merchants' homes that survive today are evidence that Southampton had rich people in what century?

assistant: 12th
user: What plague made it to England because of all the ships visiting Southampton in the 14th century?

assistant: Black Death
user: What year did the Black Death arrive in England for the first time?

assistant: 1348
user: In addition to King John's House, what's the name of another rich merchant's dwelling that still partly remains?

assistant: Canute's Palace
user: Who led the invasion of Southampton in the 14th century by the French and others?

assistant: Charles Grimaldi
user: What principality did Grimaldi set up with the profits from plundering Southampton?

assistant: Monaco
user: What year did Edward III show up in Southampton and tell them to build walls?

assistant: 1339
user: How many of the original towers from Southampton's walls are still standing?

assistant: 13
user: The oldest section of the original wall around the town dates from what year?

assistant: 1175
user: What's the name of the wall tower that was the first of its kind in England built for artillery purposes?

assistant: God's House Tower
user: What museum was located in God's House Tower until 2011?

assistant: Museum of Archaeology
user: Which king of England directed new fortifications that helped Southampton rely less on its wall?

assistant: Henry VIII
user: In what century did Southampton complete construction of the wall around the city?

assistant: 15th
user: The only remaining piece of the motte and bailey castle can be seen near what modern Southampton street?

assistant: Castle Way
user: About what year was the Franciscan friary established in Southampton?

assistant: 1233
user: What year did Southampton's Franciscan friary shut down?

assistant: 1538
user: In what decade were the leftovers of the Southampton friary destroyed?

assistant: 1940s
user: What landmark now sits on the site of the Franciscan friary in Southampton?

assistant: Friary House
user: In what year was the friars' water supply system built in Southampton?

assistant: 1290
user: Where was the water brought from by the friars' supply system?

assistant: Conduit Head
user: What year did the friars start letting the rest of Southampton use the water from their system?

assistant: 1310
user: When was ownership of the medieval water supply system given to the town of Southampton?

assistant: 1420
user: What's the name of the landmark on Commercial Road where remains of the friars' water system can be seen?

assistant: Conduit House
user: What war was taking place in the 1640s in England?

assistant: English Civil War
user: What is the furthest town the Royalists reached during their advance into Southampton in 1644?

assistant: Redbridge
user: In what month of 1644 did the Royalists fail to take Redbridge?

assistant: March
user: What skilled trade was a central industry for Southampton in the Middle Ages?

assistant: shipbuilding
user: What's the name of the famed warship built in Southampton for Henry V?

assistant: HMS Grace Dieu
user: What was the name of the man who overhauled block-making to mechanize the process?

assistant: Walter Taylor
user: Between 1904 and 2004, what shipbuilding company employed a large portion of Southampton?

assistant: Thornycroft
user: In what historical period did Walter Taylor's improvements on block-making play an important role?

assistant: Industrial Revolution
user: What battle did King Henry leave for in 1415?

assistant: Battle of Agincourt
user: What group did the men accused of high treason, including Henry Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, lead?

assistant: Southampton Plot
user: What is the public house where the men from Southampton Plot were tried called now?

assistant: Red Lion
user: Outside of what structure did the execution of the Southampton Plot leaders take place?

assistant: the Bargate
user: What did the military use Southampton for during wars in the 18th century?

assistant: embarkation
user: In addition to wars with the French and the Boer War, in which notable war in the 18th century did Southampton play a role?

assistant: the Crimean war
user: What war won Southampton the title of No. 1 Military Embarkation port?

assistant: the Great War
user: What group of people in addition to wounded soldiers from the Great War often were brought to Southampton for treatment?

assistant: POWs
user: In what year did Southampton lead preparations for the Invasion of Europe?

assistant: 1944
user: Despite not having a good beach, what decade saw  Southampton become popular for sea bathing?

assistant: 1760s
user: Where in Southampton were special baths filled by seawater constructed?

assistant: West Quay
user: What change in flow of the sea controlled the innovative baths at West Quay?

assistant: the tide
user: In what month of 1838 was stone laid for the foundation of the Southampton docks?

assistant: October
user: What name did Southampton earn for its importance in creating a link to London?

assistant: The Gateway to the Empire
user: Who wrote "The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star"?

assistant: John Choules
user: What town did Choules say had the only Main Street more beautiful than Southampton's?

assistant: Oxford
user: How long was Southampton's High Street as described by Choules?

assistant: one mile and a half
user: What adjective did Choules use to describe the shops of Southampton's High Street?

assistant: elegant