johnmiceeee/5503h1 huggingface dataset:
user: When was an opinion poll done concerning Valencian?

assistant: between 2001 and 2004
user: Who is less likely to believe that Catalan and Valencian are different?

assistant: younger generations
user: Who uses a Valencian standard separate from Catalan?

assistant: Royal Academy of Valencian Culture
user: As what can divergence in the groups be shown?

assistant: as an archaism
user: How does central Catalan behave with the groups?

assistant: as an innovative element
user: When did the preference of use of words from northern dialects begin?

assistant: 19th century
user: What affect did this favoring of northern dialects have on other dialects?

assistant: detriment of others
user: Where does Catalan get a lot of its learned words?

assistant: Greek and Latin
user: When did Catalan have a greater number of Greco-Latin words than other Romance languages?

assistant: fourteenth and fifteenth centuries
user: Whose writings are a good example of learned words in Catalan?

assistant: Roís de Corella
user: What kind of derivation in Catalan is similar to other languages?

assistant: morphological
user: What word supplement  can be put on an already existing word base?

assistant: affixes
user: What kind of words does Catalan have few of?

assistant: suppletive couplets
user: What languages are  similar to Catalan in numbers of  couplets?

assistant: Italian and Spanish
user: What language is not like Catalan in suppletive couplets?

assistant: French
user: What languages have a tendency to lose gender-invariable adjectives?

assistant: Occitan and French
user: What is ab example of a gender marked adjective?

assistant: bullent/bullenta
user: What would be the traditional form of a gender-invariable adjective?

assistant: bullent/bullenta
user: What type of word is added to the contraction of the preposition?

assistant: article
user: How many forms of personal pronouns are there in Catalan?

assistant: 13 distinct forms
user: What does this imply the use an extra group of pronouns for?

assistant: formality
user: What languages use extrapositioning in sentences less than Catalan? 

assistant: French or Spanish
user: What branch of the Uralic language family does Estonian belong to?

assistant: Finnic
user: In Estonia how many people speak Estonian as their native language

assistant: 1.1 million
user: On which branch of Uralic language family can Estonian be found?

assistant: Finnic
user: How many estimated non native speakers of Estonian are there in Estonia?

assistant: tens of thousands
user: What are the phonemic length's three degrees?

assistant: short, long, and "overlong"
user: What is a matter of dispute among linguists regarding the distinction?

assistant: the underlying phonological mechanism
user: What are two other languages in the Finnic branch?

assistant: Finnish, Karelian
user: What languages are related to Estonian but not closely?

assistant: Hungarian and to the Sami languages
user: What language feature does Estonian, Finish and Hungarian share? 

assistant: agglutinative
user: In what order are words put in sentences in the Estonian language?

assistant: subject–verb–object
user: What was the minimum number of waves through which modern Estonians migrated into Estonia?

assistant: two
user: What are the names of the two separate Estonian languages?

assistant: North and South Estonian languages
user: When did the Northern Crusades happen?

assistant: 13th century to 1918
user: Which countries took part in the Northern Crusades?

assistant: Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia
user: What did the aftermath of the crusades end up delaying in Estonia?

assistant: indigenous literacy
user: How far back do the first written records of Estonia's Finnic languages go?

assistant: 13th century
user: Where can records of Estonian place names be found?

assistant: Originates Livoniae
user: Which Chronicle contains the Originates Livoniae?

assistant: Chronicle of Henry of Livonia
user: Aside from place names what else from the Estonian language can be found in the Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia?

assistant: words and fragments of sentences.
user: When were the Kallamaa prayers written?

assistant: 1524 and 1528
user: What two people are responsible for the first still in existence book in the Estonian Language?

assistant: S. Wanradt and J. Koell
user: In what year was S. Wanradt and J. Koell's book written?

assistant: 1535
user: What type of book was it?

assistant: bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism
user: What book specifically for the use of priests was printed in Estonian?

assistant: An Estonian grammar book
user: Which Estonian poet's works were printed from 1810 to 1820?

assistant: Kristjan Jaak Peterson
user: What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson poems on?

assistant: patriotic and philosophical
user: In the years between 1918 and 1940 how many Estonian language books were printed?

assistant: 23,868
user: In the roughly four centuries previous to 1918 how many Estonian language books were printed?

assistant: 14,503
user: In what language were 14,503 books published prior to 1918?

assistant: Estonian
user: What Age's ideas allowed Estonian writings to gain significance?

assistant: Age of Enlightenment
user: Who thought their future would be fused with Estonians?

assistant: Baltic Germans
user: Who had admiration for the ancient Estonian culture?

assistant: Estophile educated class
user: When did the ancient Estonian era of freedom come to an end?

assistant: 13th century
user: What percentage of Estonians thought of themselves as ethnic Estonian's in 1945?

assistant: 97.3%
user: What became more intense in the 1970's in Estonia?

assistant: pressure of bilingualism
user: What came into being in January 1989?

assistant: The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language
user: Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?

assistant: above 70%
user: What are the names of the Estonian dialect groups?

assistant: the northern and southern dialects
user: What is the northern city to which the northern dialect is associated?

assistant: Tallinn
user: What is the dialect from Lake Peipsi?

assistant: the idamurre or eastern dialect
user: What dialects of the northern group are spoken on the saarte murre?

assistant: Saaremaa and Hiiumaa
user: What is another name for Estonian's northern group's western dialect?

assistant: the läänemurre
user: What dialects comprise the southern group?

assistant: the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects
user: More importantly than their language aspect how do the Seto and Võro dialects set themselves apart from each other?

assistant: their culture
user: Aside from being thought of as variants of Estonian's southern group what else are the Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (Võro) and Setu (Seto) dialects sometimes considered?

assistant: separate languages altogether
user: In the Estonian language how is the letter A pronounced?

assistant: [æ], as in English mat
user: What type of deviations are there from the single phoneme to each grapheme general principle?

assistant: some historical and morphological deviations
user: On what occasions are š and ž replaced with sh and zh?

assistant: Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž
user: What is an example of a word containing a voiceless glottal fricative?

assistant: Pasha (pas-ha)
user:  In what Orthagraphy does Modern Estonian orthography have its basis?

assistant: Newer Orthography
user: Who is responsible for the creation of the Newer Orthography?

assistant: Eduard Ahrens
user: In what century was the Newer Orthography created?

assistant: 19th century
user: Previous to the Newer Orthography what orthography was in place?

assistant: Older Orthography
user: From what other country's orthography did the Older Orthography get its basis?

assistant: standard German orthography
user: In Soviet international publications what language's transliteration are Estonian words and names often back-transliterations from?

assistant: Russian
user: What famous encyclopedia contains a Russian back-transliteration of Estonian?

assistant: Encyclopædia Britannica
user: What is the Russian back-transliteration from Encyclopædia Britannica?

assistant: "ostrov Khiuma"
user: In the nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative cases what always agrees with the noun in number and case?

assistant: adjectives
user: Aside from the accusative, where can the direct object of the verb be found?

assistant: partitive
user: What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an undecided subject?

assistant: special forms
user: Close to 33 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages?

assistant: Germanic languages
user: What is the main Germanic language from which Estonia gets the Germanic portion of its vocabulary?

assistant: Low Saxon
user: When did Low Saxon make its appearance as part of the Estonian language?

assistant: during the period of German rule
user: What two letters can be replaced with each other a lot of the time in Estonian?

assistant: 'b' & 'p'
user: What happens in many cases when a word starts with an 's'?

assistant: The initial letter 's' is often dropped
user: In an example of replacing 'b' with 'p' how is 'baggage' pronounced?

assistant: pagas
user: Who was the journalist who was also a language planner?

assistant: Ado Grenzstein
user: In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Estonia?

assistant: 1870s–90s
user: Who in the course of their language planning attempted to use the formation ex nihilo technique?

assistant: Ado Grenzstein
user: Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the most well known?

assistant: Johannes Aavik
user: What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik was alive?

assistant: 1880–1973
user: What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of nothing?

assistant: creations ex nihilo
user: In what publication can examples of ex nihilo words be found?

assistant: Aavik’s dictionary
user: How many words did Aavik put in his dictionary?

assistant: approximately 4000
user: What is another term for words created by Aavik?

assistant: Aavikisms
user: Instead of being created from nothing Aavik's ex nihilo terms are thought to actually possibly have been influenced by what?

assistant: foreign lexical items
user: Which court eunuch was associated with the papermaking process?

assistant: Cai Lun
user: In what century did the papermaking process spread from China to Europe?

assistant: 13th
user: Which Canadian inventor helped F.G. Keller to develop their own process?

assistant: Charles Fenerty
user: What process changes the properties of the fibres used in papermaking?

assistant: maceration
user: What plant was used in Egypt to make papyrus?

assistant: Cyperus
user: What part of the Cyperus plant was used in making papyrus?

assistant: the pith
user: What type of paper is paper made from chemical pulps known as?

assistant: wood-free
user: What percentage of fibres are wasted in the bleaching process?

assistant: 5%
user: What is another process used to pulp straws with high silicate content?

assistant: Soda pulping
user: Besides the thermomechanical process, what is a process used in pulping?

assistant: groundwood pulp
user: Recylced papers can be made with what new type of pulp?

assistant: virgin
user: What type of clay improves the characteristics of the pulps used in papermaking?

assistant: china clay
user: At what percentage moisture content is the papermaking process trying to achieve in the end?

assistant: 6
user: What contraption is used to carry the paper to the web printing presses?

assistant: reels
user: If the paper is not to be used in the web printing process, what is done?

assistant: cut into sheets
user: What type of paper is produced on a machine like the Fourdrinier?

assistant: wove paper
user: What is in common with the lentgh along and across the grain of paper produced by a machine such as the Fourdrinier?

assistant: density
user: What leaves a pattern on the paper that has a consistent density width and lengthwise?

assistant: wire mesh
user: What are small regular lines left on paper when handmade in a mould?

assistant: Laidlines
user: Which is lines are commonly higher in density, laidlines or chainlines?

assistant: Laidlines
user: In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper thickness?

assistant: thousandths of an inch
user: Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the UK is likely to use what unit?

assistant: mm
user: Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper thickness?

assistant: 0.0028 and 0.0071 in
user: In the US, the weight of what is used to classify paper for sale?

assistant: a ream
user: Besides thickness, what attribute is used in stating the weight of a ream in Europe?

assistant: dimensions
user: How many sheets of A1 paper would cover one single piece of A0 paper?

assistant: 2
user: What is the lowest numbered A paper that is commonly used at home?

assistant: A3
user: What is the common density of printing paper?

assistant: 800 kg/m3
user: What acidic salts were commonly found in the early types of paper produced?

assistant: Alum
user: How was rag paper superior to the early types of paper made using alum?

assistant: more stable
user: A book is likely made with paper that has low amounts of what component of wood?

assistant: lignin
user: What does lignin react to to produce the yellowing you see in newspapers?

assistant: light and oxygen
user: Who sponsored the tests that show that all papers are subject to acid decay?

assistant: Library of Congress
user: Besides formic, acetic, and lactic acid, what type of acid does cellulose produce?

assistant: oxalic
user: How many times more yield does the mechanical pulping process produce when compared to to the chemical pulping process?

assistant: twice
user: What type of process is used to produce most paper used in paperback books?

assistant: Mechanical
user: What level of acid is usually found in the paper used by book publishers?

assistant: acid-free
user: In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?

assistant: 400%
user: What percentage of harvested trees are used in the manufacturing of paper?

assistant: 35%
user: What percentage of wood pulp comes from old-growth trees?

assistant: 10%
user: How many millions of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year?

assistant: 71.6 million
user: How many pages are printed by the average office worker in the US each day?

assistant: 31
user: How are humans commonly exposed to the byproducts of the bleaching process?

assistant: through food
user: What agency internationally regulates dioxins?

assistant: the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
user: What product used in the sale ofpaper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be more environmentally friendly?

assistant: paperfoam
user: What is the main benefit of using paperfoam over traditional shrink-wrap?

assistant: biodegradable
user: Popcorn bags produced modernly are likely to use what type of coating?

assistant: corn protein
user: Where does the Arena Football League rank amongst professional football leagues in North America by longevity?

assistant: third
user: What fraction of the size of an NFL football field is an arena football field?

assistant: half
user: Which team was the Champion in the 2015 season?

assistant: San Jose SaberCats
user: How many teams played in the Arena Football League in the 2015 season?

assistant: 12
user: What team left the AFL after the 2015 season to join another league?

assistant: Spokane Shock
user: What league did the Spokane Shock join after the 2015 season?

assistant: IFL
user: Along with the American Conference, what is the other conference in the AFL?

assistant: National Conference
user: As of 2016, how many regular season games does an AFL team play?

assistant: 16
user: Who was Jim Foster's employer prior to his founding the Arena Football League?

assistant: the National Football League
user: What was Jim Foster viewing when he came up with the idea for arena football?

assistant: an indoor soccer match
user: Where was Jim Foster when he came up with the idea for arena football?

assistant: Madison Square Garden
user: In what year did Jim Foster conceive of the idea of arena football?

assistant: 1981
user: What team in the USFL did Jim Foster work for?

assistant: Chicago Blitz
user: On what date was the arena football test game played?

assistant: April 27, 1986
user: What was Foster's job title with the Chicago Blitz?

assistant: executive vice-president
user: In what city and state did the arena football test game take place?

assistant: Rockford, Illinois
user: At what venue did the test game occur?

assistant: Rockford MetroCentre
user: Along with the Rockford Metros, what was the name of the other team that played in the test game?

assistant: Chicago Politicians
user: On what date did the second test game take place?

assistant: February 26, 1987
user: The second test game was played in what arena?

assistant: Rosemont Horizon
user: Along with the Chicago Bruisers, Denver Dynamite and Pittsburgh Gladiators, what team was one of the original AFL teams?

assistant: Washington Commandos
user: What was the title of Darrell Davis in the AFL?

assistant: executive director of football operations
user: On what date was the inaugural game of the AFL played?

assistant: June 19, 1987
user: Along with the Commandos, who played in the first Arena Football League game?

assistant: Gladiators
user: How many spectators watched the first Arena Football League game?

assistant: 12,117
user: On what date was the first AFL game that aired on television?

assistant: June 20, 1987
user: At what venue did the first televised Arena Football League game occur?

assistant: the Rosemont Horizon
user: On what date did Foster apply for a patent on arena football?

assistant: September 30, 1987
user: When did the United States Patent and Trademark Office grant Foster's patent?

assistant: March 27, 1990
user: On what date was the expiration of Foster's patent?

assistant: September 30, 2007
user: With whom did Foster file his patent?

assistant: the United States Patent and Trademark Office
user: In the early years of arena football, after what hour were games often aired?

assistant: midnight
user: Who was the coach of the Pittsburgh Gladiators in 1989?

assistant: Joe Haering
user: What paper featured a photograph of the head coach of the Gladiators punching the commissioner of the AFL?

assistant: USA Today
user: In what arena were the Gladiators playing the Bruisers on July 23, 1989?

assistant: Arco Arena
user: In what year did the Drive go to their first Arena Bowl?

assistant: 1988
user: What team did the owner of the Detroit Drive buy that led him to sell the Drive?

assistant: Detroit Tigers
user: What team is cited as a rival of the Tampa Bay franchise?

assistant: Orlando Predators
user: What team was the rival of the Arizona Rattlers?

assistant: San Jose SaberCats
user: What notable event in the AFL first occurred in 1993?

assistant: first All-Star Game
user: In what city and state did the 1993 All-Star Game occur?

assistant: Des Moines, Iowa
user: What AFL team would be based in Des Moines?

assistant: Iowa Barnstormers
user: How many points did the National Conference score in the first All-Star Game?

assistant: 64
user: What team did the New York CityHawks become after moving to Hartford?

assistant: New England Sea Wolves
user: Kurt Warner was the Most Valuable Player in what Super Bowl?

assistant: Super Bowl XXXIV
user: What television network did the AFL sign a deal with in 2000?

assistant: TNN
user: What was the name of the AFL team based in New Orleans?

assistant: VooDoo
user: In what year did the rules first forbid players running out of bounds?

assistant: 2005
user: In what year was the ArenaBowl first played at a neutral location?

assistant: 2005
user: What year saw a rules change that had an impact on the role of the "jack" linebacker?

assistant: 2008
user: Who was the commissioner of the Arena Football League for the first half of 2008?

assistant: David Baker
user: For how many years did David Baker serve as commissioner of the AFL?

assistant: 12
user: On what date did Baker step down as commissioner of the AFL?

assistant: July 25, 2008
user: What Arena Football League event occurred two days after Baker's resignation?

assistant: ArenaBowl XXII
user: What team shut down in October 2008?

assistant: New Orleans VooDoo
user: Who made the announcement that the VooDoo were shutting down?

assistant: Tom Benson
user: How large a stake did Platinum Equity want to buy in the AFL?

assistant: $100 million
user: On what date was the dispersal draft first scheduled to occur?

assistant: December 2
user: After the second delay, when was the dispersal draft schedule to occur?

assistant: December 9
user: What numbered season did Arenafootball2 in 2009?

assistant: tenth
user: In what month and year was it decided to suspend the 2009 Arena Football League season?

assistant: December 2008
user: What led the National Hockey League to cancel the 2004-2005 season?

assistant: a lockout
user: Who owned the Columbus Destroyers in 2008?

assistant: Jim Renacci
user: How long after the shuttering of the Avengers did the league fail to ratify the new collective bargaining agreement?

assistant: One month
user: What reason did Policy give for his resignation?

assistant: the obsolescence of his position in the reformatted league
user: On what date was it reported that the AFL was considering bankruptcy?

assistant: July 20, 2009
user: What publication reported that the Arena Football League was thinking about filing bankruptcy?

assistant: Sports Business Journal
user: How much debt was the AFL reported to have as of July 20, 2009?

assistant: $14 million
user: What type of bankruptcy was the league reportedly thinking about filing in July 2009?

assistant: Chapter 11
user: On what date did the AFL announce that it was not shutting down?

assistant: August 4
user: What percent of af2 was owned by the AFL?

assistant: 50.1
user: On what date was af2 regarded as disbanded?

assistant: September 8, 2009
user: What legal entity was created by af2 league owners?

assistant: Arena Football 1
user: Along with the Orlando Predators, what former Arena Football League team joined af2?

assistant: Arizona Rattlers
user: When was an auction announced for the Arena Football League's assets?

assistant: November 11, 2009
user: When did the auction for the Arena Football League's assets take place?

assistant: November 25, 2009
user: What was the purchase price for the Arena Football League's assets?

assistant: $6.1 million
user: On what date did AF1 announce that it would be called the Arena Football League?

assistant: February 17, 2010
user: What television network was contracted to show Arena Football League games in 2010?

assistant: NFL Network
user: Along with the Dallas Vigilantes, what expansion team was announced in 2010?

assistant: Jacksonville Sharks
user: Along with the New Orleans VooDoo, Kansas City Brigade, Philadelphia Soul and Georgia Force, what former team returned for the 2011 season?

assistant: San Jose SaberCats
user: Along with the Grand Rapids Rampage, Colorado Crush, Columbus Destroyers and Los Angeles Avengers, what team did not return for the 2011 season?

assistant: New York Dragons
user: What was the former name of the Tampa Bay Storm?

assistant: Pittsburgh Gladiators
user: What anniversary did the Arena Football League celebrate in 2012?

assistant: 25th
user: What was the first day of the 2015 AFL season?

assistant: March 9, 2012
user: To what city did the Tulsa Talons relocate?

assistant: San Antonio
user: What event resulted in the postponement of the AFL free agency period?

assistant: Hurricane Sandy
user: On what date did the AFL announce its title sponsorship deal?

assistant: December 12, 2012
user: What was the league renamed after the title sponsorship deal?

assistant: NET10 Wireless Arena Football League
user: When did the AFL title sponsorship deal come to an end?

assistant: 2014