Tokens: 1
.
The
Chamber
is
unanimous
in
finding
a
violation
of
Article
8
,
but
I
am
not
satisfied
with
the
reasoning
of
the
judgment
.
In
two
crucial
issues
,
the
Chamber
departs
deliberately
from
the
Grand
Chamber
judgment
delivered
in
the
very
recent
Roman
Zakharov
v.
Russia
case[1
]
,
which
set
the
European
standard
on
mass
surveillance
for
intelligence
and
national
security
purposes
.
The
two
points
of
confrontation
between
the
Chamber
’s
reasoning
and
that
provided
by
the
Grand
Chamber
relate
to
the
question
of
the
necessity
test
for
determining
covert
surveillance
operations
and
the
degree
of
suspicion
of
involvement
in
the
offences
or
activities
being
monitored
.
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