Tokens: [
26
]
.
Article
8
of
the
Declaration
of
the
Rights
of
Man
and
of
the
Citizen
(
1789
):
“
The
law
shall
provide
for
such
punishments
only
as
are
strictly
and
obviously
necessary
,
and
no
one
shall
suffer
punishment
except
it
be
legally
inflicted
in
virtue
of
a
law
passed
and
promulgated
before
the
commission
of
the
offense
.
”
Ultimately
this
principle
results
from
the
principle
of
liberty
set
out
in
Article
4
:
“
Liberty
consists
in
the
freedom
to
do
everything
which
injures
no
one
else
;
hence
the
exercise
of
the
natural
rights
of
each
man
has
no
limits
except
those
which
assure
to
the
other
members
of
the
society
the
enjoyment
of
the
same
rights
.
These
limits
can
only
be
determined
by
law
.
”
Labels: O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O