Tokens: 8
.
Why
unnecessary
?
Even
though
the
Polish
Government
first
relied
on
the
obligations
under
Article
2
of
the
Convention
under
the
heading
“
The
requirement
of
lawfulness
”
,
their
argument
was
squarely
put
on
the
basis
that
“
[
t]he
state
authorities
must
have
balanced
the
national
interests
behind
a
full
investigation
into
the
circumstances
of
the
catastrophe
–
as
required
by
Article
2
”
with
the
“
interest
of
the
protection
of
family
and
private
life
of
the
victims
as
protected
by
Article
8
§
1
of
the
Convention
”
and
the
submissions
that
“
the
state
authorities
correctly
carried
out
this
balancing
out
[
sic
]
and
appropriately
weighed
the
conflicting
interests
at
hand
”
(
§
75
of
the
Government
’s
Observations
of
22
November
2017
)
.
The
Court
,
in
paragraph
121
of
the
judgment
,
consequently
also
refers
to
the
obligations
under
Article
2
of
the
Convention
as
support
for
an
argument
that
“
the
State
authorities
are
required
to
find
a
due
balance
”
between
the
requirements
of
an
investigation
under
Article
2
and
the
protection
of
the
right
to
respect
for
private
and
family
life
of
the
affected
individuals
under
Article
8
.
While
both
do
so
under
the
heading
related
to
the
lawfulness
of
the
interference
,
it
seems
to
me
clear
that
,
in
fact
,
the
need
for
a
balance
only
arises
at
the
later
stage
(
if
one
gets
there
)
when
the
Court
is
considering
whether
a
particular
interference
with
the
rights
under
Article
8
§
1
are
“
necessary
in
a
democratic
society
”
and/or
proportionate
.
Neither
the
need
for
a
balance
generally
nor
any
obligations
on
the
Polish
State
arising
under
Article
2
are
either
required
or
,
in
this
case
,
relevant
to
answering
the
question
whether
the
relevant
Polish
law
complied
with
the
requirements
of
the
rule
of
law
and
whether
it
provided
sufficient
safeguards
against
arbitrariness
so
as
to
be
“
in
accordance
with
the
law
”
.
Labels: O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O