Tokens: 61
.
The
prohibition
of
the
retroactive
application
of
the
criminal
law
to
the
disadvantage
of
an
accused
was
,
according
to
the
applicants
,
a
well
-
established
rule
of
both
international
and
domestic
law
.
The
2003
Criminal
Code
,
being
more
severe
than
the
1976
Code
with
regard
to
the
minimum
sentences
for
war
crimes
,
should
not
therefore
have
been
applied
in
their
case
.
In
this
regard
,
they
referred
to
a
small
number
of
cases
in
which
the
State
Court
had
considered
the
1976
Code
to
be
more
lenient
(
see
paragraph
29
above
)
,
criticising
at
the
same
time
the
State
Court
for
not
applying
that
Code
consistently
.
Given
that
their
convictions
had
been
based
exclusively
on
national
law
,
they
submitted
that
the
Government
’s
reliance
on
the
“
general
principles
of
law
recognised
by
civilised
nations
”
within
the
meaning
of
Article
7
§
2
was
misleading
.
They
further
submitted
that
their
case
should
be
distinguished
from
the
cases
to
which
the
Government
and
the
third
party
had
referred
(
namely
S.W.
v.
the
United
Kingdom
,
22
November
1995
,
Series
A
no
.
335‑B
,
and
Streletz
,
Kessler
and
Krenz
v.
Germany
[
GC
]
,
nos
.
34044/96
,
35532/97
and
44801/98
,
ECHR
2001‑II
)
.
In
particular
,
the
S.W.
case
concerned
the
gradual
development
of
the
criminal
law
through
a
line
of
case
-
law
,
over
the
course
of
several
years
,
in
order
to
take
account
of
society
’s
changing
attitudes
.
This
was
clearly
different
from
the
enactment
of
new
legislation
prescribing
heavier
penalties
for
some
criminal
offences
,
as
in
the
present
case
.
The
applicants
added
that
the
States
should
not
change
their
laws
after
an
event
so
as
to
punish
perpetrators
,
no
matter
how
controversial
the
offence
in
question
.
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