Tokens: 12
.
The
principles
applicable
to
lustration
are
a
fortiori
valid
for
disclosure
mechanisms
like
the
Estonian
one
,
whose
“
wide
-
ranging
”
social
impact
has
been
acknowledged
by
the
Government
themselves[21
]
.
The
legal
obligation
to
confess
is
not
directed
at
a
small
group
of
individuals
possessing
a
special
status
.
It
is
directed
at
a
vast
group
of
citizens
who
had
served
in
or
collaborated
with
the
security
or
intelligence
services
of
the
former
USSR
or
Nazi
Germany
during
the
period
from
17
June
1940
to
31
December
1991
.
Failure
to
comply
with
the
legal
obligation
to
confess
is
sanctioned
.
The
misconduct
attributable
to
the
suspect
consists
of
having
not
confessed
his
or
her
previous
activities
or
having
made
a
false
declaration
which
he
or
she
had
a
statutory
obligation
to
submit
.
The
KAPO
announcement
,
which
is
published
in
the
paper
and
Internet
versions
of
the
State
gazette
,
reaches
a
circle
of
people
considerably
wider
than
the
suspect
’s
closer
acquaintances
.
This
is
the
core
element
of
the
Estonian
lustration
policy
:
indefinite
,
widespread
social
stigmatisation
is
supposed
to
cure
the
evils
of
the
communist
past
and
neutralise
future
threats
to
democracy
and
national
security
.
Such
a
disclosure
mechanism
is
capable
of
producing
a
wide
range
of
long
-
lasting
,
negative
effects
in
the
professional
,
economic
and
social
sphere
of
the
persons
concerned
.
It
should
thus
be
regarded
as
having
at
least
a
partly
punitive
and
deterrent
character[22
]
.
The
position
of
the
person
subject
to
lustration
is
likened
to
that
of
an
accused
in
criminal
proceedings
,
in
particular
in
so
far
as
the
procedural
guarantees
enjoyed
by
him
or
her
are
concerned
.
Labels: O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O