Tokens: 31
.
More
generally
,
the
concept
of
a
“
substantive
”
declaration
of
liability
in
and
of
itself
runs
counter
to
the
values
of
legal
certainty
and
foreseeability
,
since
the
person
/
entity
concerned
can
not
really
predict
if
her
/
its
assets
are
going
to
be
confiscated
.
Apparently
,
the
majority
propose
to
limit
the
applicability
of
the
concept
of
“
conviction
in
substance
”
:
it
should
apply
only
to
prevent
impunity
against
“
complex
offences
”
.
However
,
as
the
“
complexity
”
of
offences
is
a
very
vague
criterion
,
this
approach
calls
into
question
the
values
of
legal
certainty
and
foreseeability
.
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