Tokens: 12
.
The
legal
rules
governing
recidivism
in
France
–
and
in
other
States
–
require
two
components
,
the
first
being
a
final
criminal
conviction
and
the
second
the
commission
of
a
further
offence
,
which
may
be
the
same
as
or
equivalent
to
the
first
offence
(
specific
recidivism
)
or
a
separate
offence
(
general
recidivism
)
.
It
may
be
limited
in
time
(
as
in
Mr
Achour
's
case
)
or
unlimited
(
as
in
the
case
of
serious
crimes
:
an
offender
who
commits
a
second
serious
crime
,
irrespective
of
the
time
that
has
elapsed
,
is
classified
as
a
recidivist
,
but
that
was
not
the
case
here
)
.
According
to
that
legal
approach
,
it
is
the
second
offence
which
makes
a
person
a
recidivist
,
just
as
a
persistent
recidivist
is
a
person
who
breaks
the
criminal
law
three
,
four
or
any
number
of
times
.
I
must
admit
that
,
to
my
mind
,
there
is
nothing
intrinsically
shocking
in
this
logic
,
which
I
consider
to
be
central
to
the
present
case
.
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