Tokens: It
is
well
established
case
-
law
that
“
however
clearly
drafted
a
legal
provision
may
be
,
in
any
system
of
law
,
including
criminal
law
,
there
is
an
inevitable
element
of
judicial
interpretation
”
(
see
Kafkaris
v.
Cyprus
[
GC
]
,
no
.
21906/04
,
§
141
,
ECHR
2008
)
.
A
law
must
also
be
of
a
certain
quality
:
it
must
be
formulated
in
such
a
way
that
citizens
who
are
affected
have
the
means
to
foresee
,
to
a
reasonable
degree
,
the
consequences
of
a
given
action[1
]
(
see
Margareta
and
Roger
Andersson
v.
Sweden
,
25
February
1992
,
§
75
,
Series
A
no
.
226‑A
)
.
The
notion
of
foreseeability
depends
to
a
considerable
degree
on
the
content
of
the
text
in
issue
,
the
field
it
is
designed
to
cover
,
and
the
number
and
status
of
those
to
whom
it
is
addressed
(
see
Cantoni
v.
France
,
15
November
1996
,
§
35
,
Reports
of
Judgments
and
Decisions
1996‑V
,
and
Groppera
Radio
AG
and
Others
v.
Switzerland
,
28
March
1990
,
§
68
,
Series
A
no
.
173
)
.
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