Tokens: After
the
institution
of
proceedings
and
before
a
case
comes
up
for
hearing
there
are
many
intervening
procedural
steps
.
A
master
,
or
a
judge
in
chambers
and
not
in
open
court
,
is
empowered
in
a
certain
category
of
cases
to
deal
summarily
and
finally
with
a
claim
in
an
action
,
petition
or
application
.
Such
is
the
case
for
instance
when
claim
as
endorsed
on
a
writ
,
or
as
stated
in
the
pleadings
,
does
not
disclose
any
cause
of
action
or
,
in
the
case
of
a
defendant
or
respondent
,
his
reply
or
points
of
defence
do
not
disclose
a
valid
defence
in
law
.
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