Tokens: In
the
joint
cases
of
Digital
Rights
Ireland
and
Seitinger
and
Others
[
25
]
,
the
Luxembourg
Court
had
already
declared
invalid
the
Data
Retention
Directive
2006/24
/
EC
laying
down
the
obligation
on
the
providers
of
publicly
available
electronic
communication
services
or
of
public
communications
networks
to
retain
all
traffic
and
location
data
(
or
metadata
)
for
periods
from
six
months
to
two
years
,
in
order
to
ensure
that
the
data
were
available
for
the
purpose
of
the
investigation
,
detection
and
prosecution
of
serious
crime
,
as
defined
by
each
Member
State
in
its
national
law
.
Both
individually
and
in
the
aggregate
,
these
surveillance
capabilities
allowed
the
State
to
build
a
precise
picture
of
the
most
intimate
aspects
of
an
individual
’s
life
.
The
potential
threat
to
privacy
resulting
from
such
compulsory
,
suspicion
-
less
,
untargeted
data
retention
obligation
,
generating
in
the
minds
of
the
persons
concerned
the
feeling
that
their
private
lives
were
subject
to
constant
surveillance
,
breached
Articles
7
and
8
of
the
EU
Charter
on
Fundamental
Rights[26
]
.
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