Tokens: For
it
is
settled
,
as
was
recalled
in
paragraph
42
of
the
Klass
judgment
,
that
Article
8
para
.
2
(
art
.
8
-
2
)
,
since
it
provides
for
an
exception
to
a
guaranteed
right
,
"
is
to
be
narrowly
interpreted
"
and
that
"
powers
of
secret
surveillance
of
citizens
,
characterising
as
they
do
the
police
State
,
are
tolerable
under
the
Convention
only
in
so
far
as
strictly
necessary
for
safeguarding
the
democratic
institutions
"
.
To
leave
to
the
police
alone
,
even
subject
to
the
control
of
the
Home
Office
,
the
task
of
assessing
the
degree
of
suspicion
or
dangerousness
can
not
,
in
my
opinion
,
be
regarded
as
an
adequate
means
consistent
with
the
aim
pursued
,
even
if
that
aim
be
legitimate
;
and
in
any
event
,
practices
of
systematic
interception
of
communications
in
the
absence
of
impartial
,
independent
and
judicial
control
would
be
disproportionate
to
the
aim
sought
to
be
achieved
.
In
this
connection
,
the
Malone
judgment
has
to
read
with
reference
to
the
reasoning
expounded
in
the
Klass
judgment
.
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