Tokens: On
the
other
hand
,
the
majority
draw
back
from
Varvara
,
in
so
far
as
the
Court
held
in
that
case
that
,
for
a
penalty
to
be
imposed
,
a
formal
“
conviction
”
was
required
.
The
majority
now
hold
that
it
is
sufficient
for
all
the
elements
of
the
offence
to
be
made
out
,
thus
making
it
possible
for
a
criminal
court
to
find
a
person
“
liable
”
even
if
the
criminal
proceedings
are
discontinued
because
of
the
application
of
a
statute
of
limitations
(
see
paragraph
261
of
the
judgment
)
.
This
is
,
for
us
,
a
plaster
on
a
wooden
leg
.
It
remains
to
be
seen
whether
this
adaptation
of
the
Court
’s
case
-
law
will
be
sufficient
to
allow
the
Italian
judiciary
to
take
effective
action
against
unlawful
site
development
.
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