Tokens: 32
.
Granting
domestic
authorities
broad
discretion
to
define
“
journalistic
activity
”
for
the
purposes
of
Article
10
can
lead
to
systematic
efforts
to
curtail
political
speech
.
Note
that
the
courts
of
Finland
were
duty
bound
to
interpret
the
term
journalism
broadly
(
see
Case
C‑3/07
Tietosuojavaltuutettu
v.
Satakunnan
Markkinapörssi
Oy
and
Satamedia
Oy
,
judgment
of
16
December
2008
,
Grand
Chamber
of
CJEU
)
.
In
the
present
case
,
the
applicants
,
who
were
media
professionals
,
were
denied
journalistic
protection
by
this
Court
,
which
applied
a
wide
margin
of
appreciation
in
handling
the
position
of
the
domestic
court
on
the
basis
of
several
criteria
that
must
be
considered
arbitrary
:
the
amount
of
information
published
,
the
format
used
for
its
publication
,
and
the
alleged
lack
of
a
“
public
interest
”
involved
in
the
dissemination
of
taxpayer
data.[19
]
To
accept
these
as
valid
criteria
for
restricting
journalistic
expression
would
mean
that
authorities
would
,
in
the
name
of
the
“
general
interest
”
,
be
able
to
censor
publications
that
they
deemed
not
to
promote
discussion
of
a
topic
of
public
interest
.
Under
the
terms
of
Articles
8
to
11
of
the
Convention
,
there
are
several
legitimate
aims
liable
to
justify
interference
in
an
individual
’s
manifestation
of
his
or
her
freedom
of
expression
.
This
enumeration
of
legitimate
aims
is
strictly
exhaustive
and
necessarily
restrictive
(
see
Leyla
Şahin
v.
Turkey
[
GC
]
,
no
.
44774/98
,
§
154
,
ECHR
2005‑XI
)
.
The
aforementioned
“
general
interest
”
is
not
included
among
these
aims
.
Moreover
,
under
the
pretext
of
using
a
lenient
balancing
test
,
the
Court
omitted
to
conduct
a
proper
review
of
the
existence
or
absence
of
a
public
interest
in
the
publication
,
which
was
deemed
as
voyeuristic
without
explanation
.
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