Tokens: 3
.
As
is
well
known
,
the
first
of
the
two
paragraphs
of
this
Article
lay
down
in
general
terms
the
principle
that
offences
and
penalties
must
be
defined
by
law
,
which
implies
,
in
particular
,
that
they
should
not
be
retrospective
;
the
second
paragraph
(
in
a
sense
,
a
lex
specialis
)
provides
for
an
exception
to
that
principle
in
cases
where
the
act
or
omission
,
at
the
time
when
it
was
committed
,
was
criminal
according
to
“
the
general
principles
of
law
recognised
by
civilised
nations
”
.
(
This
expression
is
exactly
the
same
as
the
one
used
in
Article
38
of
the
Statute
of
the
International
Court
of
Justice
,
which
clearly
inspired
it
.
)
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