AIDS

AIDS huwa l-akronimu ta' Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome jew, aħjar bil-Malti, Sindrome ta' immunodefiċjenza akkwiżita u tiddefinixxi is-sindrome sseħħ minħabba n-nuqqas ta' linfoċiti T (T lymphocytes). Fost il-manifestazzjonijiet insibu infezzjonijiet rikorrenti minn mikroorganiżmi li normalment ma jkunux patoġeniċi (ċioè, ma jikkawżawx mard jew ħsara), kif ukoll żieda drastika fin-numru ta' tumuri, kemm dawk ta' natura komuni, kif ukoll dawk karatteristiċi ta' pazzjenti immunokompromessi (li għandhom sistema immunitarja difettuża) u wkoll tumuri partikolari u rari li jimmanifestaw ruħhom biss f'din is-sindrome, bħal ngħidu aħna Kapsosi sarcoma. Illum il-ġurnata nafu li l-AIDS hija kkawżata mill-virus HIV. 

 Attwalment is-sindrome hija inkurabbli, jiġifieri mhux possibbli li jiġi eradikat totalment il-virus mill-ospite. Iżda t-terapija eżistenti, li hija ħafna iktar aħjar u tollerata minn dik użata fis-snin '80, jirnexxila tnaqqas il-viremja b'mod effettiv ħafna. L-andament kliniko-patoloġiku tas-sindrome huwa estermament varjabbli bejn l-individwi affettwati, u dan minħabba l-fatt li l-progressjoni ta' l-infezzjoni tiddependi fuq fatturi ġenetiċi kemm tal-virus (Campbell et al., 2004; Campbell et al., 2005; Senkaali et al., 2005) kif ukoll ta' l-ospite (Clerici et al., 1996; Morgan et al., 2002a; Tang et al., 2003), u tiġi wkoll affettwata mill-kundizzjonijiet iġeniċi u ko-infezzjonijiet (Morgan et al., 2002b; Lawn et al., 2004).

Fil-pajjiżi fejn il-kura anti-retrovirali u anti-neoplastika, kif ukoll kura għall-infezzjonijiet opportunistiċi, huma disponibili, il-mortalità ta' l-AIDS tiġi ridotta ħafna (Palella et al., 1998). Dawn però għandhom ħafna effetti kollaterali (Montessori et al., 2004), u hemm ċans li l-pazzjenti jiżviluppaw reżistenza għall-farmaċi jew inkella ma jkollhomx aċċess għal din it-tip ta' mediċina.

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