user: Devise a scheme to identify mis/disinformation and blatant propaganda on various online platforms. Are there for example questions you can ask to validate the trustworthiness of a piece of news? Do you need to factor in the nature of the platform and its user base to make that decision? For example would the high amount of bots derailing the discussion (e.g. on 4chan), or the vocal minorities that act as lynch mobs censoring everything against their narrative (e.g. twitter) decrease the trustworthiness of information? If you compare those services to something like quora, which has many self-proclaimed "experts" would that be enough to systematically repel the misinformation using objective reasoning? Quora as well has it's downsides since it encourages spamming questions (on the English quora). Sometimes verifying information could require reading scientific papers on arxiv or other places. Are there common key points, or "pitfalls" to look for in any single paper?

assistant: Propaganda is a large and important topic. 
There are many things which depending on the biases of the dataset, change wildly. 
For example, one person may claim someone who uses alternate software, Tails, and opensource platforms is just a crazy conspiracy theorist with something to hide, while another may think they are perfectly sane and just want privacy.

user: Well, that didn't answer my question. Could you try again and this time focus on proposing a solution?

assistant: There is not a one single magic solution to find out misinformation, but you can perform a few tasks to figure out the accuracy and reliability of the information you are reading about.

To identify mis- and disinformation and propaganda on online services, you can use a combination of the following tasks:

- Verify the source of the information: Check the credibility of the source and see if it has a history of spreading false information. Look for established news organizations, government agencies, and non-partisan organizations for reliable information.

- Check for multiple sources: Look for multiple sources that report on the same event to see if there is consistency in the information. If multiple sources are reporting different information, it may indicate that one of the sources is spreading false information.

- Check the date information is shared: Information can become outdated or inaccurate over time. Old information can be outdated, and therefore it may not be reliable anymore.

- Look for supporting evidence: Look for supporting evidence, such as statistics, quotes, or images. If the information cannot be supported by any other instance, it may be false.

- Check the tone of the message and it's content: Be aware of articles or posts that have a sensational or emotional tone. This type of content is often used to spread false information and propaganda or it may be produced in a anger or exitement.

- Consider the platform and user base: The platform and user base can impact the trustworthiness of information. Platforms with a high number of bots or a vocal minority that censors opposing views can decrease the trustworthiness of information.

- Do not allways believe the "experts": Sites like Quora may have self-proclaimed "experts," but it is important to consider their credentials and qualifications. It is also important to look for information from multiple sources, including scientific papers, to ensure that the information is accurate and objective.

When valuating scientific documents and papers, there is some common key points to look for to validate their reliability:

- Peer-review: Look for papers that have been peer-reviewed, meaning that they have been reviewed by other known experts in the field. Often these are publicly available.

- Research methodology: Check the research methodology to see if it is rigorous and accurate.

- Sample size: Look for documents with a large sample size, as this increases the reliability of the results.

- Conflicts of interest: Look for any conflicts of interest, such as funding from a company with a selfish interest in the results.

- Replicability: Check if the results can be replicated by other researchers. This often walks "hand-in-hand" with peer-reviews.

- Overall, it is important to be critical of the information being presented and to use a combination of these steps to evaluate the trustworthiness of a piece of news.