jkeisling/hacker-news-corpus-2007-2022 huggingface dataset:
I'm confused by a few things - hopefully someone with more experience can help.

* The text mentions OCR, but the screenshots show documents with fidelity far beyond what I would expect via scanning. I would guess that the screenshots in actuality show PDFs that include character and layout information, i.e. they don't simply contain scanned images. If my guess is correct, why is OCR needed?

* How does segmentation contrast with layout analysis, or are they synonymous?

* I know a lot of work has been done on layout analysis in commercial off-the-shelf OCR software. How do these results (up to but obviously not including the summarization itself) compare? Or, how would you expect them to compare?

Thanks!
100% this no ports should be allowed in or out by default and every port open justified - if you can’t get out a payload is useless.
What’s the problem with incandescents here? They’re inefficient, which means they turn lots of energy into heat instead of light, which means your thermostat will turn down your heating to compensate because it needs to produce less of the desired amount of heat.

In the abstract, they’re bad when you’re cooling a Texas house and they’re putting more heat into it; on a cold night a 100W resistance heater is a 100W resistance heater and if you’d banned them, the people with them would need 100W heat from another source for every bulb replaced. That wouldn’t save power or money or reduce demand now as you seem to be suggesting.

Or it’s day time and the bulbs are off, or nighttime and the bulbs are off for sleep. They seem the least relevant thing to gripe about in this specific context?
I clearly am blaming them. But I do think they're taking the hit where, had they done their job properly, several countries would be on the hot coals for not being ready to distribute appropriately.
That’s the deep state at work! [0]

0: by which of course I mean strong institutions like the NHS, apolitical and well-organised army, regional councils, and the civil service
As a former servlet API guy switched over to android I'm getting good results using proguard for pruning unused dependency parts from an ancient desktop app I'm maintaining on the side. Surely a hit on build times and on sanity as well whenever you use a library that relies on reflection internally, but it completely changed the way I deal with the convenience/download size tradeoff when deciding on dependencies.
That's pretty much the concept of defense-in-depth, and breaches like Solar Winds of others like this kind of threat actors, are so sophisticated that they do work around every single aspect of this.
> what happens in all possible worlds.

Talking about "all possible worlds" is religious-talk (at least that's what Hume would say), afaik we only know of one world, talking about the "possibility" of other worlds is what established/institutional religions do.
When did he say masks are bad?

At first, it wasn't clear we needed to use them. It wasn't just Fauci. Not only that, but we didn't have enough production for everyone to have them and it was more important that certain population groups had them. The message changed when it was more clear they were necessary and we started to get enough production that we could have the general public wear them.

When were numbers made up? Can you give specifics that aren't due to learning new facts?
Israel vaccination speed is not only due to price. Israel was the first to order vaccines even before any published results. Israel is geographically small and has medium-low sized population which helps in logistics and effectiveness.

I think there was a lot of skepticism in Europe initially regarding the vaccine while in Israel the demand was very high from the get-go.
I often feel like people formulate the problem wrong. It's not that "your idea was great but only 5% of good ideas work out" but I believe it's more "your idea was almost great but only 5% of ideas are actually great". I feel like it's less about needing luck for a great idea to work out and more about needing more luck to have a better idea. Often times these almost-geniouses are technically talented or creative but lack empathy or social intelligence to see the whole picture. You or your team need to be the whole package to be able to see a problem from all possible angles.
In glibc's libresolv, this is caused by res_hnok in resolv/res_name.c returning 0:

/*
* Verify that a domain name uses an acceptable character set.
*/

/*
* Note the conspicuous absence of ctype macros in these definitions. On
* non-ASCII hosts, we can't depend on string literals or ctype macros to
* tell us anything about network-format data. The rest of the BIND system
* is not careful about this, but for some reason, we're doing it right here.
*/
#define PERIOD 0x2e
#define	hyphenchar(c) ((c) == 0x2d)
#define	underscorechar(c) ((c) == 0x5f)
#define bslashchar(c) ((c) == 0x5c)
#define periodchar(c) ((c) == PERIOD)
#define asterchar(c) ((c) == 0x2a)
#define alphachar(c) (((c) >= 0x41 && (c) <= 0x5a) \
|| ((c) >= 0x61 && (c) <= 0x7a))
#define digitchar(c) ((c) >= 0x30 && (c) <= 0x39)

#define borderchar(c) (alphachar(c) || digitchar(c))
#define middlechar(c) (borderchar(c) || hyphenchar(c) || underscorechar(c))
#define	domainchar(c) ((c) > 0x20 && (c) < 0x7f)

int
res_hnok(const char *dn) {
int pch = PERIOD, ch = *dn++;

while (ch != '\0') {
int nch = *dn++;

if (periodchar(ch)) {
(void)NULL;
} else if (periodchar(pch)) {
if (!borderchar(ch))
return (0);
} else if (periodchar(nch) || nch == '\0') {
if (!borderchar(ch))
return (0);
} else {
if (!middlechar(ch))
return (0);
}
pch = ch, ch = nch;
}
return (1);
}
I don't know about DEC-20, but on VMS, changing a file makes a copy with a new version number:

$ edit foo.txt
...
Ctrl-Z
$ dir
foo.txt;1
$ edit foo.txt
...
Ctrl-Z
$ dir
foo.txt;1 foo.txt;2

When you delete a file, you have to specify a version field (blank for latest):

$ del foo.txt;
$ dir
foo.txt;1

IIRC, you can configure how many versions to keep.
So this person is asking for clinical trials but hasn't done any?
Oh, I certainly agree people with a small number of customers have to keep giving those customers what they want in order to keep them as customers.

I just think that's true for people with a large number of customers too.

If customers have subscribed to my patreon to see my artwork of scantily clad anime ladies, I gotta keep giving them what they want whether I've got 100 customers paying $100/month or 10,000 customers paying $1/month.
There are a lot of really good points in this article. I'm not a huge fan of the Republicans, but I would be of they adopted the suggestions that the author makes.
What do you sell your soul for? Just curious to know where you're coming from.
“While money can't buy happiness, it certainly lets you choose your own form of misery.”

― Groucho Marx
I'd like to believe Apple simply as no code review but it's odd they removed a specific check -- was it not suppose to be there? Does anyone know if the patch added the line back in or if it removed the duplicate goto?

The one thing that points to it not being a backdoor is I doubt Apple would open source the code. Surely they'd maintain a separate branch or something?
Surprisingly little discussed so far, aside from these past related threads:

Wuffs’ PNG image decoder - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26714831 - April 2021 (135 comments)

C performance mystery: delete unused string constant - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23633583 - June 2020 (105 comments)

That first one was just yesterday but this is a rare case where we would not downweight the follow-up post (https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&sor...).
I'm not sure how well GNU lightning has aged, but considering that the above text was written by a pretty clueless 20 year old guy (me), that's a great compliment. Thanks. :)
In short - launching heavy stuff to space is expensive and nuclear fuel is heavy (elements) pretty much by definition.

Also even the most modern rockets still fail from time to time and you nuclear waste being spread over a wide area by an explosion or unplanned atmospheric reentry is much worse than having a few guards watch an heavy duty inert fuel container four a couple decades.

And lastly today burned out fuel is still about 95% usable if you care to remove the impurities preventing further chain reaction that come from fission products. Not to mention all sorts of valuable materials that got created due to transmutation of part of the material via neutron capture in the reactor core.
Commits are conceptually snapshots, and everything else Git does is just an optimization over the naive “keep all versions of all files ever” (imagine implementing a version of Git that is just zipping the entire folder). Diffs are isomorphic to commits and are generated as needed.

I wrote about it (albeit imprecisely) here: https://siawyoung.com/git-intuition
Your comment struck a chord with me from what I've seen in various enterprise codebases, and it also seems to have a flywheel effect.

That is, it's possible for a small team of experts to keep a piece of software in a constant good, small state by always balancing additive vs subtractive solutions, because everyone has a fairly complete model of the entire project in their head.

But if there is any tendency towards additive solutions (e.g. due to personnel churn, deadline crunch, etc), the project becomes larger and thus harder to keep a model in one's head. This makes subtractive solutions harder to think of and implement, which results in more additive solutions, thus exacerbating the problem.
This feels a little harsh. It is known that when humans see other humans doing similar things a bond(empathy) can be created without ever even talking to that person.

When I drive my Jeep and do that little Jeep wave to other Jeeps, that gives me a sense of community with those people(no matter how dumb or weird people driving other cars think it is).

When you run and someone runs past you and you do the little head nod, that is absolutely social, you absolutely relate to that person and create a small social bond.
this... seems so very flawed and disprovable to me. Ignoring the obvious storage issues that have been discussed if commits were snapshots you could rebase and reorder them without ever worrying about conflicts. In reality you very much DO have to worry about conflicts because they are change instructions that transform a file from A->B->C if you try and reorder it as A->C->B you're going to have serious issues (assuming these all touch the same code) because C is a transformation from the B state to the C state. It blows up attempting to convert A->C because the instructions in that transformation describe going from B->C.

> A commit is a snapshot in time. Each commit contains a pointer to its root tree,

it so... _so_ very much isn't. It's not even a snapshot in time of a section of a file.

It's a change instruction. No, it's not a "diff" but it also isn't a snapshot.
> It is also true that many git commands implictly treat a commit as being the diff between the state of the tree in that commit and the state in the parent. For example git show, git rebase and git cherry-pick.

A commit is a snapshot, and you can compute the diff between a commit and any of its parents. If a commit has multiple parents, git cherry-pick bails out unless you pick a parent (usually -m 1), and git rebase, I think implicitly assumes the first parent.

(EDIT: a commit's tree, its parents' trees)
Yeah, this is a super interesting question. Does anyone know if this is the case?
You a speaking about the Swiss white paper, but when I look at Taler website, doc and tech: it allows things to be "regulated", but there is nothing forcing that.

Whoever can spin up his "own bank" like that.
And whoever else can connect with this first bank.
And you can use Kudos, of whatever digital virtual currency that you want.

And most of what is interesting about this project is especially that. Not that traditional regulated entities could use it to spin up something new to basically do what they are already doing.
Have you thought about using https://github.com/mmdriley.keys instead of Google Docs?
I can see people suffering from memory loss or weak eyesight benefiting from such technology, but of course that's not what Facebook has in mind.
> Async-by-default I/O?

What? Can you elaborate? I mean if you want non blocking IO from an fd in Linux, you can just do that. Not sure what defaults have to do with anything. Your code will still have to be written appropriately.
The process for getting authorized to care for helpless adults (nursing assistant) requires months of study and a thorough exam. I think children will have better quality of life when all parental guardians pass a thorough parenting skills exam before they are allowed to care for children.
It never even occured to me to use the menu version. What an upgrade
> My instinct here is to write the query in such a way that even if pg changes in the future, or if I migrate to an almost compatible alternative tomorrow, it should work the same way.

I agree, but, to nitpick, if transaction semantics change that much, you aren't dealing with an almost compatible alternative. Further, I'll wager vast sums of money that pg will not change in that way, ever.

> In the end, queries are code, and code is our way to communicate or intent to the next developer, so it's better to do the delete after the insert

I wholeheartedly agree, so long as your code correctly captures the requirements. For ( contrived, uncommon ) example if the requirement states that, transactionally, the row must either be in either the live table or the archive table, but not both ( for reporting non-duplication, ) then the form that performs the insert-delete is the correct capture of that requirement.
A few more points on top of these:

(1) The way jobs are valued would fundamentally change. Rather than higher wage work being the work that fewer people can do, you would also see a rise in cost for jobs that people do not want to do. Today you have your unskilled employees trapped between a rock and a hard place when you offer them a job as a burger flipper - work in wage servitude for us, or starve. The employer has a tremendous amount of sway during negotiations in an economy where employment is effectively mandated to survive.

Ask yourself - "why is McDonalds so cheap?" does it make any sense that having people working in depressing service jobs makes cheap food? Wouldn't the optimization of food be automated delivery, minimizing the people involved? McDonalds can only exist as it does today because all its employees are forced to work for it.

(2) You would also see production shift. Economics goes where the money is - we have too little low income housing and too many McMansions because single family houses are profitable and reliable when sold and low income housing is unreliable and less profitable. If everyone had a minimum of income, there would be a tremendous amount of economic pressure to meet the demands of that crowd that has maximal economic consistency in revenue. So in the short term prices would be a mess, but in the long term the equilibrium state would be that there would be a huge market to provide as much of what the UBI unemployed class wants as possible within their budget for profit.
> What makes life worthwhile?

The open steppe, fleet horse, falcons at your wrist, and the wind in your hair.

It's not just a problem with politicians, it's a problem with all of us. We have, en masse, forgotten what actually matters in life.
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Pinzhi-Clear-Flower-Display-Wooden/...

Repurposed
Huh? If I default on my mortgage due to this pandemic, the loan is collateralized and the house is seized / a lien is put on it.

Why, then, do corporations get to avoid their collateralized downfall?
If you are/have skilled sysadmin staff, there is very little if anything AWS offers that you can't run on your own rented/owned phsyical/virtual servers.

I'm not suggesting that's ideal for all companies, but this idea that somehow it's impossible to run a load balancer or store files without using AWS/Azure/Google 'clouds' is a bit ridiculous.
I got the flu this year and looked into it. I'm not sure the CDC's suggestions are well founded. On average, antivirals shorten symptoms by half a day over seven days. Not a huge upside. And the Cochrane Collaboration and the BMJ found that it's unlikely the antivirals reduce hospital admissions or complications[1].

On the flip side, there are a number of side effects, including headaches, nausea, and vomiting, which can't make the flu experience better.

I was at the edge of the 48-hour window, and decided it just wasn't worth it for me. Maybe if someone I knew who was elderly or had a compromised immune system got the flu, I would push them to get the antivirals, but for otherwise healthy adults, it seems like a waste of money.

[1]http://www.cochrane.org/features/tamiflu-relenza-how-effecti...?
There's some disadvantages to using RAID 0 with EBS volumes in a performance dependent situation.

Since you're writing to multiple EBS volumes for the RAID 1 portion of the RAID 10, you're going to require more EC2 to EBS bandwidth.

EBS volumes are replicated across multiple servers, so you don't necessarily need the reliability, especially if you're replicating the data elsewhere.

YMMV, of course, and everyone has different priorities and different levels of what constitutes acceptable risk, but RAID 0 with EBS isn't quite the data death wish it is with physical hardware.

http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/raid-conf...
You can have a $ limit. Use a CloudWatch alarm that shuts down your instances if the billing metric exceeds the growth rate you specify for the period you specify.
It's because most scientists and the organizations funding them are not interested in advancing our knowledge of nature so much as looking like they're advancing our knowledge of nature. If we want to be less wrong, we need more replication. Scientists don't want to do replication because it advances our knowledge of nature without looking like it is. So instead they keep trying to find fainter and more obscure effects, so faint that they exceed their own abilities to recognize statistical significance. It fools reviewers, journal editors and employers though, so they keep it up.
I suggest you watch it. I enjoy his show but most of his stances are decently predictable (and I generally disagree with). This is one that surprised me.
And what's the practical difference between death and deprecation? As the Swift standard library grows, and it becomes the widely preferred language for iOS and Mac development, isn't that a form of death?
> ...victims whose private images were posted online will be able to sue perpetrators in court using a pseudonym, allowing for the recovery of damages via a civil suit without disclosing a name.

Apparently, they get around the 6th amendment (giving the accused the right to confront witnesses against them) by making this a civil case instead of a criminal one.

Also, the original source is an SFGate article which has a longer list of laws[1]. Controversial ones include changing the standard for sexual consent on college campuses (yes means yes) and driver's licenses for illegal immigrants.

1. http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/California-readies-fo...
For those russians, I think it's more the general trend that people think whatever country / culture they've grown up in is the best. The french think they are the best people, the british think they're the best deep down inside, chinese think they're the best, americans think they're better than everyone, and the canadians think they're better than the americans. The mexicans are proud to be mexican, the malaysians are proud to be malaysian and so on. Everyone thinks they are the best in some way, even if they think all of the gringos have a lot of cash and you can't breathe the air in beijing.

The middle class think they're better than the lower and upper class, and the lower class think they're better than the rest. SF thinks it's better than NYC and those finance wonks with our software industry, NYC thinks it better than the rest of the world, and DC thinks I'm the center of power here!

My city's sports team is the best sports team, and screw my city's rivals! Xbox vs Playstation, this vs that. Those scary islamic people vs. my secular atheism or mormonism.

It's the human tribalism instinct, and it's turtles all the way down.
In image 4 and 6 the woman is wearing heels. In image 6 the man is wearing a white shirt and tie. Did they just arrive from work, or are they simply intent on keeping up appearances while in the middle of a nuclear war?

In image 7 some of the glass jars are so precariously placed that they are actually hanging over the edge of the shelf.

Overall, I agree with someone else's assessment here. They said:

Somebody spent five minutes googling
"bomb shelter" and then posted a few
photos with some asinine remarks.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8811872
Leonid Kantorovich doesn't deserve even a mention in this article (or in the HN comments)? pretty sure that LK is the one who first developed and applied the technique--and did so with more conviction than most have in their own work: in Russia, during the Siege of Leningrad, no less--he used this new technique to calculate the optimum distance between vehicles carrying food & supplies along the frozen Ladoga river.
That is definitely not possible, your whole ticket will get cancelled as the airline assumes a no-show.
Uh, you need to read the whole article.
"What I want is to see Uber’s technology become a protocol. Same with Airbnb, same with Postmates, same with other companies in the gig and sharing economies. Same with lots of other important technology companies, while we’re at it. Obviously this can’t happen overnight, but if the technology is useful enough to provide real value, then it’s too useful to be subjugated to the whims of profit forever. I would love to see these technology platforms either fully decentralised, or centralised in such a way that the entity running it is not-for-profit and, ideally, accountable to all stakeholders. The actual mechanisms for making this work are beyond the scope of this post, but I want to throw this idea out there and get people thinking about it, because it’s the only way of making the future work for all of us.

I suspect — and feel free to call me naive, but I don’t think I’m wrong— that the majority of people working on Uber’s technology would prefer to build a system whose social impact they could be proud of. Based on my admittedly limited sample size of people I know in the tech industry, I feel like lots of people working at companies like Uber are there because they want to solve interesting technical challenges and deploy useful innovations in the world. I believe that if given the choice, most would prefer to build a system that makes the world a fairer and more equitable place. The problem is that this choice is, for the most part, withheld from them, and whatever individual intentions they may have are inevitably co-opted by the capitalist structure in which they make their living. By working together to counteract these prevailing systematic forces, though, they may be able to open up a space in which to envision alternatives." [1]

-- Wendy Liu

[1] https://medium.com/@dellsystem/dont-put-your-faith-in-uber-7...