jinulee-v/eqasc-stepwise huggingface dataset:
Premises:
Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.
Ligaments attach bones to bones.
Conclusion: fractures heal when osteoclasts form new body parts of the kind that ligaments attach to each other.
Valid: True
Premises:
Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.
Fractures A fracture is a break in the bone.
Conclusion: Breaks in the bone heal when osteoclasts form new bone.
Valid: True
Premises:
Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.
Fractures A fracture is a break in the bone.
Conclusion: bone breaks heal when osteoclasts form new bone
Valid: True
Premises:
Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.
Bones and teeth are made of calcium.
Conclusion: fractures heal when osteoclasts form new calcium structures
Valid: True
Premises:
Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.
Fractures often heal without surgery.
Conclusion: bones heal without surgery
Valid: True
Premises:
Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.
Bone is a living tissue.
Conclusion: Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new living tissue
Valid: True
Premises:
Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.
Fracture means to break.
Conclusion: breaks heal when osteoclasts form new bone
Valid: True
Premises:
Fractures heal when osteoclasts form new bone.
Osteoclasts are specialized cells known to play a key role in bone resorption and bone remodeling.
Conclusion: Healing of fractures requires cells specialized in bone remodeling
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects spread disease and destroy crops.
Locusts are grasshopper-like insects.
Conclusion: locusts spread disease and destroy crops
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects spread disease and destroy crops.
Many insects are seen as pests .
Conclusion: Pests spread disease and destroy crops.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects spread disease and destroy crops.
Corn and hay are major crops.
Conclusion: insects spread disease and destroy corn
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects spread disease and destroy crops.
All insects are detrimental to crop production.
Conclusion: insects are bad for food production
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects spread disease and destroy crops.
Insects belong to a group of animals called arthropods.
Conclusion: Some arthropods spread disease and destroy crops.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects spread disease and destroy crops.
Insects are just part of the Arthropod subdivision.
Conclusion: Arthropods spread disease and destroy crops.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects spread disease and destroy crops.
Bananas Plantains Citrus crops Citrus crops are evergreen.
Conclusion: Insects spread disease and destroy bananas plantains and citrus.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects spread disease and destroy crops.
And the industry argues that harvesting helps control the spread of insects and disease.
Conclusion: harvesting helps control destruction of crops
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects spread disease and destroy crops.
Farmers grow substance crops to feed their family as well as to sell for cash.
Conclusion: Insects spread disease and destroy farmer's ability to feed their family.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects spread disease and destroy crops.
Crops are plants that are grown for food or other uses.
Conclusion: insects destroy plants
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects spread disease and destroy crops.
Locusts are amongst the most dramatic and devastating of the insect pests.
Conclusion: Locusts are amongst the most dramatic and devastating pest, they spread disease and destroy crops.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects spread disease and destroy crops.
Defoliators -Insects that destroy foliage.
Conclusion: insects are defoliators
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects spread disease and destroy crops.
Locusts are grasshopper-like insects.
Conclusion: Locusts can spread disease and destroy crops.
Valid: True
Premises:
Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.
Most male frogs attract mates by giving advertisement calls.
Conclusion: some amphibians use their larynx to attract mates
Valid: True
Premises:
Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.
And then again the bull-frog makes quite a different noise.
Conclusion: Frogs have a larynx for different noises
Valid: True
Premises:
Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.
Another name for the larynx is the voice box , and it's in the throat.
Conclusion: Frogs make sounds with the larynx which is in the throat.
Valid: True
Premises:
Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.
Truth is the sound of one frog croaking.
Conclusion: Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to croak.
Valid: True
Premises:
Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.
Similar sounds are made to warn other males frogs that a territory is occupied.
Conclusion: Frogs croak to alert other frogs that is their territory
Valid: True
Premises:
Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.
Frogs commonly croak to attract other frogs.
Conclusion: Some amphibians have a larynx to make sounds to attract
Valid: True
Premises:
Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.
Many birds, insects, frogs, and mammals communicate by sound.
Conclusion: frogs use a larynx to communicate
Valid: True
Premises:
Frogs also have a larynx, or voice box, to make sounds.
All frogs are amphibians.
Conclusion: Amphibians have a larynx to make sounds
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Insects are bees, beetles, and butterflies.
Conclusion: beetles can spread disease and destroy crops.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Major crops are corn, peanuts, soybeans and horticultural crops.
Conclusion: Insects can spread disease to things such as corn, peanuts and soybeans.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Crops Crops are a farmer's stock in trade.
Conclusion: insects can destroy a farmer's stock in trade
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Crops are destroyed by locusts and other insects, along with a drought.
Conclusion: Locusts can spread disease and along with a drought destroy crops.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Locusts are grasshopper-like insects.
Conclusion: locusts can spread disease and destroy crops
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Insects are just part of the Arthropod subdivision.
Conclusion: arthropods can spread disease and destroy crops
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Crop destruction was completed in some sections by grasshoppers.
Conclusion: Insects such as grasshoppers can spread diseases
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Soybeans are the agricultural crop.
Conclusion: Insects can spread disease and destroy soybeans
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Almost the entire banana crop was destroyed.
Conclusion: Insects can spread disease and destroy bananas.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Food crops are also produced for local consumption.
Conclusion: insects can destroy food
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Insects such as the locust, cricket, and grasshopper are also mentioned.
Conclusion: locusts can spread disease and destroy crops
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Insects such as the locust, cricket, and grasshopper are also mentioned.
Conclusion: Locusts can spread disease and destroy crops.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Crops are affected by insect pests.
Conclusion: pests destroy crops
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects can spread disease and destroy crops.
Grain crops dominate the cropping structure.
Conclusion: insects can destroy grains
Valid: True
Premises:
a pulley is used for lifting objects
Pulleys have sealed bearings.
Conclusion: sealed bearings are part of the machinery for lifting objects
Valid: True
Premises:
a pulley is used for lifting objects
Tower cranes use pulleys to lift loads.
Conclusion: a crane uses pulleys
Valid: True
Premises:
a pulley is used for lifting objects
Objects have mass.
Conclusion: A pulley is used for lifting mass.
Valid: True
Premises:
a pulley is used for lifting objects
Lifting objects from the floor can hurt.
Conclusion: pulleys can prevent humans from getting hurt
Valid: True
Premises:
a pulley is used for lifting objects
Objects have mass.
Conclusion:  a pulley is used for lifting mass
Valid: True
Premises:
a pulley is used for lifting objects
Pulleys A pulley is a chain, belt or rope wrapped around a wheel.
Conclusion: A belt wrapped around a wheel helps lift objects
Valid: True
Premises:
a pulley is used for lifting objects
Pulleys A pulley is a chain, belt or rope wrapped around a wheel.
Conclusion: A chain wrapped around a wheel is used for lifting objects.
Valid: True
Premises:
a pulley is used for lifting objects
Pulley A pulley makes work easier by changing direction of the force applied.
Conclusion: changing the direction of force applied can make lifting objects easier
Valid: True
Premises:
Most species go through larval stages after hatching.
Larval stages concentrate on feeding and growth.
Conclusion: Most species concentrate on feeding and growth after hatching.
Valid: True
Premises:
Most species go through larval stages after hatching.
Larval stages concentrate on feeding and growth.
Conclusion: Most species go through stages of feeding and growth after hatching
Valid: True
Premises:
Most species go through larval stages after hatching.
Larval stages are particularly vulnerable.
Conclusion: most species go through vulnerable stages after hatching
Valid: True
Premises:
Most species go through larval stages after hatching.
Larval stages concentrate on feeding and growth.
Conclusion: Most species concentrate on feeding and growth after hatching
Valid: True
Premises:
Most species go through larval stages after hatching.
Brood are the larval and pupal stages of the ant.
Conclusion: An ant has a brood which is the larval and pupal process of the ant after hatching
Valid: True
Premises:
travelling requires navigation
Consistent navigation Let people know where they are.
Conclusion: Travelling requires people knowing where they are.
Valid: True
Premises:
travelling requires navigation
Image maps are used for navigation.
Conclusion: travelling requires maps
Valid: True
Premises:
travelling requires navigation
Navigation is accomplished by clicking on a compass.
Conclusion: travelling may require a compass.
Valid: True
Premises:
travelling requires navigation
Navigation relies on image maps.
Conclusion: Traveling requires image maps.
Valid: True
Premises:
travelling requires navigation
Maps are very useful in navigating through challenging terrain.
Conclusion: Maps are used during travelling
Valid: True
Premises:
travelling requires navigation
Automobile travel is such a popular mode of travel.
Conclusion: Going from place to place with an automobile requires navigation.
Valid: True
Premises:
travelling requires navigation
Navigation is accomplished by clicking on a compass.
Conclusion: compasses aid travelling
Valid: True
Premises:
travelling requires navigation
Navigation is awkward, so be sure to read the directions carefully.
Conclusion: travelling requires directions
Valid: True
Premises:
travelling requires navigation
Navigation is a key element of space travel.
Conclusion: space exploration is not possible without navigation
Valid: True
Premises:
travelling requires navigation
GPS Waypoints facilitate navigation.
Conclusion: GPS waypoints can be used for accurate directions when traveling
Valid: True
Premises:
travelling requires navigation
Sailors of old used to navigate by the stars.
Conclusion: stars can be used for travelling
Valid: True
Premises:
travelling requires navigation
For celestial navigation the navigator uses a sextant and a chronometer.
Conclusion: Travelling requires a tool such as a sextant
Valid: True
Premises:
Complex chemistry is needed to carry out all the functions of life.
Functions Promote the quality of life.
Conclusion: Complex chemistry is needed to promote quality of life
Valid: True
Premises:
Complex chemistry is needed to carry out all the functions of life.
Chemistry is primarily concerned with matter, energy, and their interactions.
Conclusion: the functions of life require energy
Valid: True
Premises:
Complex chemistry is needed to carry out all the functions of life.
Life functions of cell growth and reproduction are seen.
Conclusion: Complex chemistry is needed to carry out cell growth and reproduction
Valid: True
Premises:
Complex chemistry is needed to carry out all the functions of life.
Life is difficult and complex.
Conclusion: Difficult chemistry is needed to carry out all the functions of life.
Valid: True
Premises:
Complex chemistry is needed to carry out all the functions of life.
An organism has a life cycle.
Conclusion: Complex chemistry is needed to carry out all the functions of organisms
Valid: True
Premises:
Complex chemistry is needed to carry out all the functions of life.
All functions of life are carried out in cells.
Conclusion: Complex chemistry is carried out in cells
Valid: True
Premises:
Complex chemistry is needed to carry out all the functions of life.
All functions of life are carried out in cells.
Conclusion: Complex chemistry occurs in cells
Valid: True
Premises:
Mammals took advantage of the extinction of the dinosaurs.
An animal species that is extinct has died out.
Conclusion: Mammals took advantage that the dinosaurs died out.
Valid: True
Premises:
Mammals took advantage of the extinction of the dinosaurs.
And then of course there's the dinosaur-killing meteor issue.
Conclusion: Mammals took advantage of the extinction-causing meteor
Valid: True
Premises:
Mammals took advantage of the extinction of the dinosaurs.
An asteroid impact has been blamed for the extinction that wiped out the dinosaurs.
Conclusion: Mammals took advantage of an asteroid impact.
Valid: True
Premises:
Mammals took advantage of the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Dinosaurs are extinct giant lizards.
Conclusion: Mammals took advantage of the extinction of giant lizards
Valid: True
Premises:
Mammals took advantage of the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Large dinosaurs roam the earth.
Conclusion: large animals that roamed the earth were replaced with mammals after their extinction 
Valid: True
Premises:
Mammals took advantage of the extinction of the dinosaurs.
All humans are mammals.
Conclusion: humans took advantage of the extinction of dinosaurs
Valid: True
Premises:
Birds have relatively large brains and a high level of intelligence.
Large brains require large skulls.
Conclusion: Birds have relatively large skulls and a high level of intelligence
Valid: True
Premises:
Birds have relatively large brains and a high level of intelligence.
And some male birds put on their brightest feathers and grow bigger brains.
Conclusion: some male birds have bright feathers
Valid: True
Premises:
Birds have relatively large brains and a high level of intelligence.
All crows are birds.
Conclusion: Crows have relatively large brains and a high level of intelligence.
Valid: True
Premises:
Birds have relatively large brains and a high level of intelligence.
Bird A bird is an animal with feathers.
Conclusion: Animals with feathers have brains. 
Valid: True
Premises:
cables are used for support by suspension bridges
There are metal cables, stainless steel, and plastic.
Conclusion: metal, stainless steel and plastic are used to support suspension bridges
Valid: True
Premises:
cables are used for support by suspension bridges
The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge.
Conclusion: The Golden Gate Bridge is supported by cables
Valid: True
Premises:
cables are used for support by suspension bridges
Some of the more famous ones are suspension bridges, such as the San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge.
Conclusion: cables are used for support by the Golden Gate Bridge
Valid: True
Premises:
cables are used for support by suspension bridges
The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge.
Conclusion: Cable are used on the Golden Gate
Valid: True
Premises:
cables are used for support by suspension bridges
That's why the cables in the Golden Gate Bridge are made of steel.
Conclusion: steel is used for support by suspension bridges
Valid: True
Premises:
detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope
Telescopes Telescopes Telescopes and microscopes both use two lenses to produce magnified images.
Conclusion: Two lenses to produce magnified images allow for detailed observation of celestial objects.
Valid: True
Premises:
detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope
All telescopes collect light and magnify it .
Conclusion: detailed observation of celestial objects requires light
Valid: True
Premises:
detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope
Stars are celestial objects consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium.
Conclusion: detailed oberservation of stars require a telescope
Valid: True
Premises:
detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope
All telescopes collect light and magnify it .
Conclusion: Detailed observation of celestial objects requires the collecting of light and magnifying it.
Valid: True
Premises:
detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope
Stars are celestial objects consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium.
Conclusion: Detailed observation of stars requires a telescope.
Valid: True
Premises:
detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope
Children learn to observe closely and describe in detail.
Conclusion: Closely observing celestial objects requires a telescope
Valid: True
Premises:
detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope
With a refracting telescope, the eyepiece is at the end of the telescope.
Conclusion: detailed observation of celestial objects requires something with an eyepiece
Valid: True
Premises:
detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope
Stars are celestial objects consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium.
Conclusion: detailed observation of stars requires a telescope
Valid: True
Premises:
detailed observation of celestial objects requires a telescope
Stars are celestial objects consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium.
Conclusion: If you want to see details of a star you need a telescope
Valid: True
Premises:
DNA replication is the process in which DNA is copied.
DNA is copied in connection with celldivision.
Conclusion: DNA replication is the process in connection with cell division.
Valid: True
Premises:
DNA replication is the process in which DNA is copied.
DNA DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid.
Conclusion: deoxyribonucleic acid replication is the process in which it is copied
Valid: True
Premises:
DNA replication is the process in which DNA is copied.
DNA replication is necessary for cell division.
Conclusion: the process in which DNA is copied is necessary for cell division
Valid: True
Premises:
DNA replication is the process in which DNA is copied.
DNA is copied in connection with celldivision.
Conclusion: DNA replication is connected with celldivision
Valid: True
Premises:
DNA replication is the process in which DNA is copied.
DNA DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid.
Conclusion: deoxyribonucleic acid replication is the process in which deoxyribonucleic acid is copied.
Valid: True
Premises:
DNA replication is the process in which DNA is copied.
DNA replication replicate 46 chromosomes in a few hours.
Conclusion: DNA copies 46 chromosomes in a few hours
Valid: True
Premises:
DNA replication is the process in which DNA is copied.
Interphase is when replication of the DNA occurs.
Conclusion: Interphase is when DNA is copied.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects generally have two pairs of wings for flight.
Male mealybugs are tiny, gnatlike insects with two wings and long tails of white wax.
Conclusion: Male mealybugs have two pairs of wings for flight
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects generally have two pairs of wings for flight.
Dragonflies are ancient insects.
Conclusion: Dragonflies have two pairs of wings for flight.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects generally have two pairs of wings for flight.
During transonic flight, the air moving over a wing can travel from subsonic to supersonic and back.
Conclusion: Insects generally have two pairs of wings for moving themselves through the air.
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects generally have two pairs of wings for flight.
Primitive insects, such as dragonflies, have two pairs of equal sized, membranous wings.
Conclusion: Dragonflies have two pairs of wings for flight
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects generally have two pairs of wings for flight.
Many insects have wings, but arachnids have no wings.
Conclusion: arachnids lack wings
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects generally have two pairs of wings for flight.
Many insects have wings, but arachnids have no wings.
Conclusion: arachnids do not fly
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects generally have two pairs of wings for flight.
Flight enables many insects to move quickly away from predators.
Conclusion: insects generally have two pairs of wings to move quickly away from predators
Valid: True
Premises:
Insects generally have two pairs of wings for flight.
Insects are bees, beetles, and butterflies.
Conclusion: most bees have two pairs of wings for flight.
Valid: True
Premises:
Bird eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells.
An egg shell is mostly calcium carbonate.
Conclusion: bird eggs are hard shells
Valid: True
Premises:
Bird eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells.
Calcium carbonate is a natural form of calcium.
Conclusion: Bird egg shells are natural. 
Valid: True
Premises:
Bird eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells.
Birds can do amazing things with their beaks, from cracking open a shell to turning an egg.
Conclusion: bird beaks can crack through hard calcium carbonate
Valid: True
Premises:
Bird eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells.
Eagles are large birds.
Conclusion: eagle eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells
Valid: True
Premises:
Bird eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells.
Bird egg shells are hardened with calcium carbonate for added protection.
Conclusion: The calcium carbonate hardens and protects the shell. 
Valid: True
Premises:
Bird eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells.
Calcium carbonate is an antacid.
Conclusion: Bird eggs' shells and antacids are made of the same material
Valid: True
Premises:
Bird eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells.
Birds include gulls, waterfowl, birds of prey and garden birds.
Conclusion: Gull eggs have hard shells made of calcium carbonate.
Valid: True
Premises:
Bird eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells.
All hawks are birds.
Conclusion: hawk eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells.
Valid: True
Premises:
Amphibians are also important predators.
An animal that kills and eats another animal is called a predator.
Conclusion: amphibians eat other animals sometimes
Valid: True
Premises:
Amphibians are also important predators.
Amphibians are important predators of insects, other invertebrates and vertebrates.
Conclusion: Amphibians are predators of insects
Valid: True
Premises:
Amphibians are also important predators.
Predators are animals that eat other animals.
Conclusion: some amphibians eat other animals
Valid: True
Premises:
Amphibians are also important predators.
Amphibians are important predators of insects, other invertebrates and vertebrates.
Conclusion: amphibians eat insects
Valid: True
Premises:
Amphibians are also important predators.
Predators Predators consume many prey during their lifetime.
Conclusion: Amphibians consume prey.
Valid: True
Premises:
Bryophytes depend on moisture to reproduce.
Bryophytes Bryophytes include the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Conclusion: Mosses depend on moisture to reproduce
Valid: True
Premises:
Bryophytes depend on moisture to reproduce.
Mosses and liverworts are bryophytes.
Conclusion: mosses depend on moisture to reproduce
Valid: True
Premises:
Bryophytes depend on moisture to reproduce.
Bryophytes Bryophytes include the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Conclusion: mosses depend on moisture to reproduce
Valid: True
Premises:
Bryophytes depend on moisture to reproduce.
Bryophytes Bryophytes include the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Conclusion: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts depend on moisture to reproduce
Valid: True
Premises:
Bryophytes depend on moisture to reproduce.
Bryophytes are mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Conclusion: mosses depend on moisture for reproduction
Valid: True
Premises:
Bryophytes depend on moisture to reproduce.
Liverworts and sphagnum are examples of bryophytes.
Conclusion: Liverworts depend on moisture to reproduce.
Valid: True
Premises:
Bryophytes depend on moisture to reproduce.
Bryophytes are mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Conclusion: Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts depend on moisture to reproduce.
Valid: True
Premises:
the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Volume means how much space the ingredient takes up.
Conclusion: How much space an object takes up can be used to describe the size of the object
Valid: True
Premises:
the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Size is a relative aggregate measure of volume and mass.
Conclusion: The volume of an object can be used to measure the mass of the object.
Valid: True
Premises:
the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Objects displace their volume in a fluid.
Conclusion: The amount that a fluid is displaced by an object can describe the size of the object
Valid: True
Premises:
the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Primary among the stolen objects are three large crystal balls.
Conclusion: the volume of a crystal ball can be used to describe the size of the crystal ball
Valid: True
Premises:
the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Size of waves depends on the mass and volume of the object that fell into the water.
Conclusion: The volume of an object depends on the mass of the object.
Valid: True
Premises:
the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Volume is the amount of space an object contains.
Conclusion: the amount of space an object takes up is its size
Valid: True
Premises:
the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Volume is the amount of space an object or substance takes up.
Conclusion: The size of an object is also the amount of space the object takes up.
Valid: True
Premises:
the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Mass and volume are the same thing.
Conclusion: the mass of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Valid: True
Premises:
the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Students describe objects by their physical properties such as color, size, shape and weight.
Conclusion: People describes things with their physical properties
Valid: True
Premises:
the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Volume is the amount of space an object contains.
Conclusion: the amount of space an object contains can be used to describe the size of that object
Valid: True
Premises:
the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object.
Conclusion: the amount of space occupied by an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Valid: True
Premises:
the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
An object is a physical thing.
Conclusion: The volume of a physical thing can be used to describe the size of that physical thing.
Valid: True
Premises:
the volume of an object can be used to describe the size of that object
Mesh, or sieve size, is commonly used to describe or measure the size of crumb rubber.
Conclusion: The volume of an object can be used to measure that  object.
Valid: True
Premises:
Most bryophytes are small.
Moss plants are usually very small.
Conclusion: Moss plants are bryophytes
Valid: True
Premises:
Most bryophytes are small.
Bryophytes include the mosses and liverworts.
Conclusion: most mosses are small
Valid: True
Premises:
Most bryophytes are small.
Bryophytes are mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Conclusion: Most liverworts are small.
Valid: True
Premises:
Water is essential for all life on Earth.
Water is made up of H2O molecules.
Conclusion: h2o is essential for all life on Earth
Valid: True
Premises:
Water is essential for all life on Earth.
Some of the water falls as precipitation in the form of snow or water.
Conclusion: precipitation is essential for life on earth
Valid: True
Premises:
Water is essential for all life on Earth.
Water hydrates the cells.
Conclusion: hydration of cells is essential for all life on Earth
Valid: True
Premises:
Water is essential for all life on Earth.
For example, H20 is the molecule of water-made up of two atoms Hydrogen and one atom of Oxygen.
Conclusion: H2O is needed for all life on Eartth.
Valid: True
Premises:
Water is essential for all life on Earth.
Life on Earth is carbon based.
Conclusion: water is essential for carbon based beings
Valid: True
Premises:
Water is essential for all life on Earth.
Water that becomes polluted is unsafe and can destroy life.
Conclusion: Water must not be polluted to be safe.
Valid: True
Premises:
Water is essential for all life on Earth.
Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
Conclusion: Hydrogen and oxygen are essential for all life on earth
Valid: True
Premises:
Water is essential for all life on Earth.
Earth is a world of water.
Conclusion: Water is essential for all life in the world.
Valid: True
Premises:
Water is essential for all life on Earth.
For example, H20 is the molecule of water-made up of two atoms Hydrogen and one atom of Oxygen.
Conclusion: H20 is essential for all life on earth.
Valid: True
Premises:
Water is essential for all life on Earth.
Earth science Includes earth features, earth processes, and earth in the universe.
Conclusion: Water is essential for all known life in the universe.
Valid: True
Premises:
Pedigrees are useful tools for studying inheritance patterns.
Parentage determination is performed using the same tests, but applied to pedigree specimens.
Conclusion: Determining parentage is useful for studying inheritance patterns
Valid: True
Premises:
Pedigrees are useful tools for studying inheritance patterns.
Pedigree A pedigree is a map of the types of hemoglobin in the family tree.
Conclusion: a map of the types of hemoglobin in the family tree is useful for studying inheritance patterns
Valid: True
Premises:
Pedigrees are useful tools for studying inheritance patterns.
Genetics is the study of inheritance.
Conclusion: Pedigrees are useful tools for studying genetics.
Valid: True
Premises:
Pedigrees are useful tools for studying inheritance patterns.
Pedigree charts are a graphical way to represent the ancestry of an individual.
Conclusion: charting ancestry on a graph is a useful tool for studying inheritance patterns. 
Valid: True
Premises:
Pedigrees are useful tools for studying inheritance patterns.
Patterns of inheritance can then be predicted.
Conclusion: pedigrees are useful tools for predicting
Valid: True
Premises:
Pedigrees are useful tools for studying inheritance patterns.
For many dogs the pedigree is unknown.
Conclusion: We do not know the inheritance patterns for many dogs.
Valid: True
Premises:
Pedigrees are useful tools for studying inheritance patterns.
Genetics is the study and application of principles of inheritance to plants and animals .
Conclusion: Pedigrees are useful tools for studying Genetics 
Valid: True
Premises:
Pedigrees are useful tools for studying inheritance patterns.
Intelligence is a product of genetic inheritance.
Conclusion: Pedigrees are useful tools for studying genetic intelligence patterns
Valid: True
Premises:
Pedigrees are useful tools for studying inheritance patterns.
Pedigree A pedigree is a map of the types of hemoglobin in the family tree.
Conclusion: a map of the types of hemoglobin in the family tree is a useful tool for studying inheritance patterns
Valid: True
Premises:
Condoms can break; Condoms can be used incorrectly.
Condoms make sex much safer, but there is still risk if the condom slips or breaks.
Conclusion: Condoms make sex safe if they're not used incorrectly
Valid: True
Premises:
Condoms can break; Condoms can be used incorrectly.
If a condom breaks during sex, there is a risk of both pregnancy and infection.
Conclusion: condoms used incorrectly can risk both pregnancy and infection
Valid: True
Premises:
Condoms can break; Condoms can be used incorrectly.
Condoms also prevent pregnancy.
Conclusion: pregnancy can happen if protection breaks
Valid: True
Premises:
Condoms can break; Condoms can be used incorrectly.
If the condom breaks, withdraw the penis and condom immediately.
Conclusion: a broken condom should be discarded immediately
Valid: True
Premises:
Condoms can break; Condoms can be used incorrectly.
Oil based lubricants can break down latex.
Conclusion: Oil based lubricants should not be used with condoms
Valid: True
Premises:
Condoms can break; Condoms can be used incorrectly.
For customary birth control, try a condom.
Conclusion: Some methods of birth control can break or be used incorrectly.
Valid: True
Premises:
Condoms can break; Condoms can be used incorrectly.
For customary birth control, try a condom.
Conclusion: Birth control can be used incorrectly.
Valid: True
Premises:
Sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from possible consumers.
Sepals The outermost whorl of modified leaves is called the sepals.
Conclusion: the outermost whorl of leaves camouflages the bud from possible consumers
Valid: True
Premises:
Sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from possible consumers.
Sepals enclose the lower part of the flower.
Conclusion: The enclosure of the lower part of the flower is usually green
Valid: True
Premises:
Sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from possible consumers.
Inside the sepals are the colored petals.
Conclusion: within the bud are colored petals
Valid: True
Premises:
Sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from possible consumers.
Daylilies have colored sepals.
Conclusion: daylilies use camouflauge to protect their buds
Valid: True
Premises:
Sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from possible consumers.
Sepals The outermost whorl of modified leaves is called the sepals.
Conclusion: the outermost whorl of modified leaves is usually green
Valid: True
Premises:
Sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from possible consumers.
All animals are consumers.
Conclusion: sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from animals
Valid: True
Premises:
Sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from possible consumers.
Sepals The outermost whorl of modified leaves is called the sepals.
Conclusion: The outermost whorl of modified leaves are usually green
Valid: True
Premises:
Sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from possible consumers.
Fruits with sepals typically hide stems .
Conclusion: fruits typically hide stems which camouflages the bud from possible consumers
Valid: True
Premises:
Sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from possible consumers.
Another way plants protect themselves is through camouflage.
Conclusion: Sepals are green to protect themselves. 
Valid: True
Premises:
optical tools are used for observing materials up close
Microscopes are set up for observation of smaller organisms.
Conclusion: A microscope is an optical tool.
Valid: True
Premises:
optical tools are used for observing materials up close
Powerful microscopes are used to see the chips.
Conclusion: chips can be seen up close with optical tools
Valid: True
Premises:
optical tools are used for observing materials up close
Lenses are used in cameras, microscopes, binoculars and many other optical equipment.
Conclusion: lenses are used for observing materials up close
Valid: True
Premises:
optical tools are used for observing materials up close
Science explains the natural world in material, naturalistic ways using observation and measurement.
Conclusion: optical tools help explain the natural world
Valid: True
Premises:
optical tools are used for observing materials up close
Magnification glass scales for optical comparators.
Conclusion: magnification glass can be used to observe materials up close
Valid: True
Premises:
optical tools are used for observing materials up close
Optical tools Apply and distinguish between optical comparators, optical flats, and microscopes.
Conclusion: comparators, flats, and microscopes could be used for observing materials up close
Valid: True
Premises:
optical tools are used for observing materials up close
Telescopes at the observation deck offer close-up views of the animals and the San Pasqual Valley.
Conclusion: telescopes are optical tools 
Valid: True
Premises:
optical tools are used for observing materials up close
Optical tools Apply and distinguish between optical comparators, optical flats, and microscopes.
Conclusion: Microscopes are used for observing materials up close
Valid: True
Premises:
optical tools are used for observing materials up close
An optical microscope is used to magnify small objects, such as tissues and single cells.
Conclusion: An optical microscope is an optical tool.
Valid: True
Premises:
Cytoplasm refers to all of the cellular material inside the plasma membrane.
Outer membrane is similar to the plasma membrane.
Conclusion: Cytoplasm refers to all of the cellular material inside the outer membrane.
Valid: True
Premises:
Cytoplasm refers to all of the cellular material inside the plasma membrane.
All cells have a cytoplasmic membrane.
Conclusion: all cells have cellular material inside the plasma membrane
Valid: True
Premises:
Cytoplasm refers to all of the cellular material inside the plasma membrane.
All cells have cytoplasm.
Conclusion: all cells have cellular material inside the plasma membrane
Valid: True
Premises:
Cytoplasm refers to all of the cellular material inside the plasma membrane.
Plasma membrane is the cell membrane surrounding cytoplasm.
Conclusion: Cytoplasm refers to all of the material inside the cell.
Valid: True
Premises:
Cytoplasm refers to all of the cellular material inside the plasma membrane.
Proteins are produced in the cytoplasm of cells.
Conclusion: Proteins are produced in the cellular material inside the plasma membrane
Valid: True
Premises:
Cytoplasm refers to all of the cellular material inside the plasma membrane.
Saliva contains cellular material.
Conclusion: Saliva contains cytoplasm. 
Valid: True
Premises:
triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
When the triceps contracts the arm straightens.
Conclusion: When the arm straightens the elbow straightens.
Valid: True
Premises:
triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
Well, the elbow is a hinged joint.
Conclusion: Triceps contracting causes a person 's hinged joint to straighten.
Valid: True
Premises:
triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
On the back side of the arm, antagonistic to the biceps, is the triceps muscle.
Conclusion: Muscles contracting causes a person's elbow to straighten.
Valid: True
Premises:
triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
Arm day hits the bicep, tricep and forearm muscles.
Conclusion: muscles contracting cause a person's elbow to straighten
Valid: True
Premises:
triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
Muscles in the upper arm called triceps are used to extend the arm.
Conclusion: Muscles in the upper arm straighten a person's elbow.
Valid: True
Premises:
triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
Elbow extension is controlled by triceps.
Conclusion: triceps control extension
Valid: True
Premises:
triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
Another group of muscles that are antagonistic to each other are the biceps and triceps muscles.
Conclusion: A person's elbow straightens when muscles antagonistic to biceps contract
Valid: True
Premises:
triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
Muscles in the upper arm called triceps are used to extend the arm.
Conclusion: Muscles in the upper arm contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten.
Valid: True
Premises:
triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
Energy is consumed in the contraction of the muscles.
Conclusion: straightening an elbow consumes energy
Valid: True
Premises:
triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
Muscles are present in opposing groups, as illustrated by the biceps and triceps of the upper arm.
Conclusion: upper arm muscles contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
Valid: True
Premises:
triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
Triceps stretch Stretches muscles in back of upper arm.
Conclusion: upper arm muscles contracting causes a person's elbow to straighten
Valid: True
Premises:
triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
Agonist muscles are the prime movers which contract to start the movement.
Conclusion: Triceps are the agonist muscle when straightening the elbow
Valid: True
Premises:
triceps contracting causes a person 's elbow to straighten
When the muscles contract, they tighten.
Conclusion: Triceps tighten causing a person's elbow to straighten.
Valid: True
Premises:
Most organisms consume--and are consumed by--more than one species.
An organism is a living thing.
Conclusion: most living things consume and are consumed by more than one species
Valid: True
Premises:
Most organisms consume--and are consumed by--more than one species.
An organism is a living creature such as a plant or animal.
Conclusion: Living creatures consume - and are consumed by - more than one species.
Valid: True
Premises:
Most organisms consume--and are consumed by--more than one species.
Finally, all of the aquatic insect species are consumed by fish.
Conclusion: fish consume more than one type of insect
Valid: True
Premises:
Most organisms consume--and are consumed by--more than one species.
Insects are the most diverse organisms on earth, with equally diverse behavior.
Conclusion: most insects consume and are consumed by more than one species
Valid: True
Premises:
Most organisms consume--and are consumed by--more than one species.
Plants and animals are organisms.
Conclusion: most animals consume and are consumed by more than one species
Valid: True
Premises:
Most organisms consume--and are consumed by--more than one species.
Species are woven together in food chains.
Conclusion: Organisms are woven together in food chains and both consume and are consumed
Valid: True
Premises:
Many nerve pathways link the cerebellum with motor neurons throughout the body.
Motor neurons extend from the brain to the spinal cord and to muscles throughout the body.
Conclusion: The spinal cord links the cerebellum to the rest of the body.
Valid: True
Premises:
Many nerve pathways link the cerebellum with motor neurons throughout the body.
Nerve impulses coming from the eyes, ears, and touch receptors are sent on the cerebellum.
Conclusion: the cerebellum receives impulses
Valid: True
Premises:
Many nerve pathways link the cerebellum with motor neurons throughout the body.
If compression is on the cerebellum, coordination functions can be affected.
Conclusion: coordination functions are caused by nerve pathways linking motor neurons throughout the body
Valid: True
Premises:
Many nerve pathways link the cerebellum with motor neurons throughout the body.
Dorsal to the brainstem is the cerebellum .
Conclusion: Nerve pathways travel the brainstem. 
Valid: True
Premises:
Many nerve pathways link the cerebellum with motor neurons throughout the body.
Brain sites implicated include the brainstem and cerebellum.
Conclusion: Many nerve pathways link brain sites with motor neurons throughout the body.
Valid: True
Premises:
Many nerve pathways link the cerebellum with motor neurons throughout the body.
And the human body is no exception.
Conclusion: In a human, the nerve pathways link the cerebellum with motor neurons.
Valid: True
Premises:
Many nerve pathways link the cerebellum with motor neurons throughout the body.
Cerebellum The cerebellum, like the basal ganglia, is involved with motor control.
Conclusion: Nerve pathways link the cerebellum to process and relay movement control in the body
Valid: True
Premises:
Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Plants are the ecosystem's primary food producers.
Conclusion: algae plays significant roles as food in acquatic ecosystems
Valid: True
Premises:
Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Aquatic creatures live in the water, for example.
Conclusion: Algae play significant roles as producers in water ecosystems.
Valid: True
Premises:
Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.
An ecosystem includes the organisms and their habitat.
Conclusion: An organism that plays a big role as an aquatic producer is:
Valid: True
Premises:
Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Algae Algae Green algae are the simplest of green plants.
Conclusion: simple green plants play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems
Valid: True
Premises:
Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Marine algae are nonvascular plants.
Conclusion: nonvascular plants play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems
Valid: True
Premises:
Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Oceans are one of the largest ecosystems in the world.
Conclusion: Algae play significant roles as producers oceans.
Valid: True
Premises:
Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Marine algae are nonvascular plants.
Conclusion: Non-vascular plants play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Valid: True
Premises:
Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Marine algae are nonvascular plants.
Conclusion: nonvascular plants are producers in aquatic ecosystems
Valid: True
Premises:
Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Bacteria, fungi, algae and plants all produce toxins.
Conclusion: fungi produce toxins in ecosystems
Valid: True
Premises:
Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Aquatic ecosystems can be classified as freshwater or marine .
Conclusion: Algae play significant roles in freshwater and marine environments.
Valid: True
Premises:
Algae play significant roles as producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Aquatic Ecosystems Aquatic Ecosystems Aquatic ecosystems are defined as being water-based.
Conclusion: Algae play significant roles as producers in water-based ecosystems.
Valid: True
Premises:
Jaws make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.
An example of a cartilaginous fish is a shark.
Conclusion: Jaws make sharks excellent predators.
Valid: True
Premises:
Jaws make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.
An example of a cartilaginous fish is a shark.
Conclusion: Jaws make shark excellent predators.
Valid: True
Premises:
Jaws make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.
An example of a cartilaginous fish is a shark.
Conclusion: jaws make sharks excellent predators
Valid: True
Premises:
Jaws make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.
Some types of cartilaginous fishes, such as sharks, retain the shape they had millions of years ago.
Conclusion: Jaws make fish, such as sharks, excellent predators
Valid: True
Premises:
Jaws make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.
An example of a cartilaginous fish is a shark.
Conclusion: Jaws makes sharks excellent predators
Valid: True
Premises:
Jaws make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.
Cartilage fish have a skeleton of cartilage and a jaw.
Conclusion: fish have skeletons
Valid: True
Premises:
Jaws make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.
Animals that eat other animals are called predators .
Conclusion: Animals that eat other animals can be cartilaginous fish
Valid: True
Premises:
Jaws make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.
All sharks and rays belong to the class of cartilaginous fishes.
Conclusion: Sharks are excellent predators thanks to their jaws.
Valid: True
Premises:
Jaws make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.
Cartilaginous fish, including sharks, do get cancer.
Conclusion: Sharks have sharp jaws to catch their prey 
Valid: True
Premises:
Jaws make cartilaginous fish excellent predators.
Sharks belong to the Class Chondrichthyes, the cartilaginous fishes.
Conclusion: Jaws make sharks excellent predators.
Valid: True