jinulee-v/entailmentbank-stepwise huggingface dataset:
Premises:
if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat, then thermal conduction will make the thermal conductor become hot.
a metal spoon is a thermal conductor.
the hot soup will be a source of heat for the metal spoon.
Conclusion: the metal spoon will be heated up by thermal conduction.
Entailed: True
Premises:
thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object.
thermal conduction is when materials conduct heat through those materials through collision of particles.
Conclusion: thermal conduction is a heat exchange process involving the collision of particles.
Entailed: True
Premises:
longitudinal waves travel through pattern of compressions and rarefactions.
compression waves produces compressions and rarefactions.
Conclusion: longitudinal waves are also called compression waves.
Entailed: True
Premises:
longitudinal waves cause object to move in the same direction of the wave.
longitudinal waves are also called compression waves.
Conclusion: compression waves cause object to move in the same direction of the wave.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a surface is a part of an object.
friction occurs when two object's surfaces move against each other.
skidding is when the tire of a vehicle slides on the road without rotating.
a tire is a kind of object.
Conclusion: skidding causes friction between the tire and the road.
Entailed: True
Premises:
skidding causes friction between the tire and the road.
friction causes the temperature of an object to increase.
Conclusion: friction causes the temperature of the tire to increase.
Entailed: True
Premises:
if the tire overheats, some chemical in the tire will vaporized.
if the temperature of the tire keeps increasing, the tire will overheat.
Conclusion: if the temperature of the tire keeps increasing, some chemical in the tire will be vaporized.
Entailed: True
Premises:
friction causes the temperature of the tire to increase.
if the temperature of the tire keeps increasing, some chemical in the tire will be vaporized.
Conclusion: friction causes some chemicals in the tire to vaporize.
Entailed: True
Premises:
friction causes some chemicals in the tire to vaporize.
vaporizing a substance causes smoke.
Conclusion: friction causes the tire to produce smoke.
Entailed: True
Premises:
as the friction increases, the resistance on the object to move will increase.
as roughness of a surface increases, friction will increase.
Conclusion: as the roughness of a surface increases, the resistance on the object to move will increase.
Entailed: True
Premises:
carpet has a rough surface.
wood has a smooth surface.
as the roughness of a surface increases, the resistance on the object to move will increase.
Conclusion: the resistance on the object to move on the carpet will be larger than on the wood.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a toy car is a kind of object.
the resistance on the object to move on the carpet will be larger than on the wood.
Conclusion: the resistance on the toy car to move on the carpet is larger than on the wood.
Entailed: True
Premises:
the resistance on the toy car to move on the carpet is larger than on the wood.
as the resistance on the object to move increase, the object will move slower.
Conclusion: the toy car will move slower on the carpet than on the wood.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a glider is a kind of object.
flying an object requires lift to oppose the object's weight.
Conclusion: flying a glider requires lift to oppose the weight of the glider.
Entailed: True
Premises:
pedals are part of a bicycle for pedalling.
pedalling a bicycle requires moving the pedals in a circular motion.
Conclusion: the pedals are the part of a bicycle that moves in circular motion.
Entailed: True
Premises:
north / northward is a kind of direction.
velocity is a measure of a speed in a direction.
40 m/s describes the speed of an object.
Conclusion: 40 m/s north describes the velocity of an object.
Entailed: True
Premises:
inherited characteristics can deterimne the structure of an organism's anatomy.
the structure of an organism's anatomy is used to classify the organism into the appropriate taxonomic rank.
Conclusion: inherited characteristics can be used to classify an oganism into the apropriate taxonomic rank.
Entailed: True
Premises:
genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing.
inherited characteristics can be used to classify an oganism into the apropriate taxonomic rank.
Conclusion: genes can be used for classifying organisms.
Entailed: True
Premises:
genes are made of dna.
genes can be used for classifying organisms.
Conclusion: dna can be used for classifying organisms.
Entailed: True
Premises:
dna can be used for classifying organisms.
dna is a kind of molecule.
Conclusion: molecules are used for classifying organisms.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a frog is a kind of amphibian.
a tadpole is a kind of young / baby frog.
Conclusion: a tadpole is a kind of young amphibian.
Entailed: True
Premises:
metamorphosis is when an amphibian changes from an immature form to an adult form.
a tadpole is a kind of young amphibian.
Conclusion: an example of metamorphosis is when a tadpole changes from a an immature form to and adult form.
Entailed: True
Premises:
the immature form of a frog is called a tadpole.
the adult form of a tadpole is called a frog.
Conclusion: the imature form of a frog is called a tadpole and the adult form of a tadpole is called a frog.
Entailed: True
Premises:
the imature form of a frog is called a tadpole and the adult form of a tadpole is called a frog.
an example of metamorphosis is when a tadpole changes from a an immature form to and adult form.
Conclusion: an example of metamorphosis is when a tadpole changes from a tadpole into a frog.
Entailed: True
Premises:
reproduction occurs during adulthood.
an example of reproduction is laying eggs.
Conclusion: laying eggs occurs during adulthood.
Entailed: True
Premises:
adulthood is a stage in the life cycle process.
laying eggs occurs during adulthood.
Conclusion: laying eggs occurs during the adult stage in the life cycle.
Entailed: True
Premises:
laying eggs occurs during the adult stage in the life cycle.
a female insect lays eggs.
Conclusion: a female insect lays eggs during the adult stage of an insect's life cycle.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a cat is a kind of mammal.
mammals give birth to live young.
Conclusion: a cat gives birth to live young.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a cat gives birth to live young.
to give birth to live young means to undergo live birth.
Conclusion: a cat undergoes live birth.
Entailed: True
Premises:
live birth means developing inside the mother instead of an egg.
a cat undergoes live birth.
Conclusion: a cat develops inside its mother.
Entailed: True
Premises:
the opposite of the same is different.
two birds are not in the same taxonomic family.
Conclusion: two birds are in different taxonomic families.
Entailed: True
Premises:
environments with similar characteristics place similar environmental pressures on the organisms in them.
two birds live in environments with similar characteristics.
Conclusion: two birds developed under similar environmental pressures.
Entailed: True
Premises:
two birds developed thousands of miles apart.
if two things are thousands of miles apart then those two things are separate from each other.
Conclusion: two birds developed separate from each other.
Entailed: True
Premises:
two birds developed under similar environmental pressures.
two birds developed separate from each other.
Conclusion: two birds developed in separate environments under similar environmental pressures.
Entailed: True
Premises:
two birds are in different taxonomic families.
two birds developed in separate environments under similar environmental pressures.
Conclusion: two birds from different taxonomic families developed in separate environments under similar environmental pressures.
Entailed: True
Premises:
two birds from different taxonomic families developed in separate environments under similar environmental pressures.
convergent evolution is when two species in different taxonomic families develop in different places under similar environmental pressures.
Conclusion: an example of convergent evolution is two birds from different taxonomic families developing in separate environments under similar environmental pressures.
Entailed: True
Premises:
winter is a kind of season.
seasons cause change to the environment.
Conclusion: the winter season can cause change to the environment.
Entailed: True
Premises:
the winter season can cause change to the environment.
usually plants die or become dormant during the winter.
Conclusion: an example of a seasonal change is plants dying or becoming dormant in the winter.
Entailed: True
Premises:
an animal requires enough nutrients to survive.
eating food is used to get nutrients by animals.
Conclusion: an animal needs to eat food for nutrients.
Entailed: True
Premises:
plants are a source of food for animals.
an animal needs to eat food for nutrients.
Conclusion: an animal can eat plants for nutrients.
Entailed: True
Premises:
an animal can eat plants for nutrients.
an example of a seasonal change is plants dying or becoming dormant in the winter.
Conclusion: an example of seasonal change is some animals' food dying in the winter.
Entailed: True
Premises:
an example of preparing is storing something for use later.
if an animal relies on plants for food then that animal must store enough food to last through the winter.
Conclusion: an example of preparing is an animal storing food to last through the winter.
Entailed: True
Premises:
an example of preparing is an animal storing food to last through the winter.
an example of seasonal change is some animals' food dying in the winter.
Conclusion: an example of preparing for seasonal change is an animal storing food for the winter.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a squirrel is a kind of animal.
an example of preparing for seasonal change is an animal storing food for the winter.
Conclusion: an example of preparing for seasonal change is a squirrel storing food for the winter.
Entailed: True
Premises:
nut is a kind of food.
an example of preparing for seasonal change is a squirrel storing food for the winter.
Conclusion: an example of preparing for seasonal change is an squirrel storing nuts for the winter.
Entailed: True
Premises:
an animal requires warmth for survival.
winter has cold temperatures / weather.
Conclusion: some animals must move to warmer climates in the winter.
Entailed: True
Premises:
some animals must move to warmer climates in the winter.
migration is when animals move themselves from a cooler climate to a warmer climate for the winter.
Conclusion: an example of migration is moving to a warmer climate in the winter.
Entailed: True
Premises:
an example of migration is moving to a warmer climate in the winter.
some birds fly south for the winter.
Conclusion: an example of migration is birds flying south in the winter.
Entailed: True
Premises:
an example of migration is birds flying south in the winter.
migration is a kind of adaptation.
Conclusion: an example of an adaptation is birds migrating south in the winter.
Entailed: True
Premises:
wasp's stinger contains poison.
poison causes harm to living things.
Conclusion: a wasp's stinger can be used to cause harm to living things.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a wasp's stinger can be used to cause harm to living things.
harming is a kind of defense.
Conclusion: a stinger is used for defense by a wasp.
Entailed: True
Premises:
color is a property of an organism that describes what it looks like.
an example of camouflage is an organism looking like its environment.
Conclusion: an example of camouflage is organism having the same color as its environment.
Entailed: True
Premises:
an example of camouflage is organism having the same color as its environment.
if an animal's skin is a certain color then that animal is that color.
Conclusion: an example of camouflage is an animal's skin having the same color as its environment.
Entailed: True
Premises:
camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment.
an example of camouflage is an animal's skin having the same color as its environment.
Conclusion: an animal having the same skin color as its environment is an adaptation for hiding in an environment.
Entailed: True
Premises:
predators usually must see their prey in order to catch them.
hiding means visibility / ability to be seen decreases for camouflage.
Conclusion: hiding can be used to avoid being seen by predators.
Entailed: True
Premises:
not being seen by predators is a kind of protection against predators.
hiding can be used to avoid being seen by predators.
Conclusion: hiding is a kind of protection against predators.
Entailed: True
Premises:
an animal having the same skin color as its environment is an adaptation for hiding in an environment.
hiding is a kind of protection against predators.
Conclusion: an animal having the same skin color as its environment is a kind of protection against predators.
Entailed: True
Premises:
hiding means ability to be seen decreases for camouflage.
to blend into something means ability to be seen decreases when around that something.
Conclusion: to blend into something means to hide in something.
Entailed: True
Premises:
to blend into something means to hide in something.
white fur blends into snow.
Conclusion: an example of hiding is white fur blending in with snow.
Entailed: True
Premises:
camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment.
an example of hiding is white fur blending in with snow.
Conclusion: an example of camouflage is white fur blending in with snow.
Entailed: True
Premises:
some leaves have a speckled brown color.
some birds have a speckled brown color.
Conclusion: some birds look like leaves.
Entailed: True
Premises:
something that looks like another thing is difficult to distinguish from that thing.
some birds look like leaves.
Conclusion: some birds are difficult to distinguish from leaves.
Entailed: True
Premises:
difficult to distinguish can mean difficult to see in something else.
some birds are difficult to distinguish from leaves.
Conclusion: some birds are difficult to see in leaves.
Entailed: True
Premises:
hiding means ability to be seen decreases for camouflage.
some birds are difficult to see in leaves.
Conclusion: an example of camouflage is a bird looking like leaves.
Entailed: True
Premises:
camouflage is used for hiding by animals from predators.
an example of camouflage is a bird looking like leaves.
Conclusion: looking like leaves can be used by birds for hiding from predators.
Entailed: True
Premises:
hiding can be used to avoid something.
looking like leaves can be used by birds for hiding from predators.
Conclusion: looking like leaves can be used by birds for avoiding predators.
Entailed: True
Premises:
keeping warm is the opposite of becoming cold.
if a living thing becomes too cold then that living thing will die.
Conclusion: an animal usually requires warmth for survival.
Entailed: True
Premises:
if the environmental temperature is too cold then an animal in that environment may become cold.
an animal usually requires warmth for survival.
Conclusion: an animal requires warmth in cold temperatures.
Entailed: True
Premises:
an animal requires warmth in cold temperatures.
thick fur can be used for keeping warm.
Conclusion: thick fur can be used by animals for survival in cold temperatures.
Entailed: True
Premises:
winter has cold temperatures.
thick fur can be used by animals for survival in cold temperatures.
Conclusion: thick fur can be used by animals for survival survival during winter.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a bear is a kind of animal.
thick fur can be used by animals for survival survival during winter.
Conclusion: thick fur can be used by bears for survival during winter.
Entailed: True
Premises:
hunting is a kind of method for obtaining food.
animals require food for survival.
Conclusion: some animals must hunt to survive.
Entailed: True
Premises:
hunting requires sensing prey.
some animals must hunt to survive.
Conclusion: better senses have a positive impact on an animal's survival.
Entailed: True
Premises:
hearing is used for sensing sound by animals.
better senses have a positive impact on an animal's survival.
Conclusion: better hearing has a positive impact on an animal's survival.
Entailed: True
Premises:
senses are passed down from parent to offspring.
inheriting is when an inherited characteristic is passed from parent to offspring by genetics / dna.
Conclusion: senses are an inherited characteristic.
Entailed: True
Premises:
hearing is used for sensing sound by animals.
senses are an inherited characteristic.
Conclusion: hearing is an inherited characteristic.
Entailed: True
Premises:
better hearing has a positive impact on an animal's survival.
hearing is an inherited characteristic.
Conclusion: better hearing is an inherited characteristic that has a positive impact on an animal's survival.
Entailed: True
Premises:
as the ability of a living thing to survive / to reproduce increases, the likelihood of passing on its traits to its decendents will increase.
animals with traits that positively impact their survival have a greater ability to survive / reproduce.
Conclusion: the decendants of an animal with traits that positively impacted their survival will also have traits that positivley impact their survival.
Entailed: True
Premises:
better hearing is an inherited characteristic that has a positive impact on an animal's survival.
the decendants of an animal with traits that positively impacted their survival will also have traits that positivley impact their survival.
Conclusion: the decendants of an animal with better hearing will also have better hearing.
Entailed: True
Premises:
mosquitos can sense carbon dioxide in the air.
animals are a source of carbon dioxide by exhaling.
Conclusion: mosquitos sense animals by sensing their carbon dioxide emissions.
Entailed: True
Premises:
living things eat their food source.
mosquitos eat blood of animals.
Conclusion: animals are a source of food for mosquitos.
Entailed: True
Premises:
animals are a source of food for mosquitos.
sensing food has a positive impact on finding food.
Conclusion: sensing animals has a positive impact on a mosquito's ability to find food.
Entailed: True
Premises:
sensing animals has a positive impact on a mosquito's ability to find food.
mosquitos sense animals by sensing their carbon dioxide emissions.
Conclusion: sensing carbon dioxide has a positive impact on a mosquito's ability to find food.
Entailed: True
Premises:
if a living thing requires something then that something has a positive impact on that living thing.
a living things require water for survival.
Conclusion: water has a positive impact on a living thing's survival.
Entailed: True
Premises:
water has a positive impact on a living thing's survival.
increasing the availability of something that has a positive impact on a living thing's survivial can have a positive impact on that living thing's survival.
Conclusion: increasing the availability of water for a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing's survival.
Entailed: True
Premises:
increasing the availability of water for a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing's survival.
storing something is a kind of method for increasing the availability of something.
Conclusion: storing water has a positive impact on a living thing's survival by increasing the availability of water.
Entailed: True
Premises:
dry means low in amount of water.
as dryness increases in an environment, the available water in that environment will decrease.
Conclusion: a dry environment is low in availability of water.
Entailed: True
Premises:
storing water has a positive impact on a living thing's survival by increasing the availability of water.
a dry environment is low in availability of water.
Conclusion: storing water increases the water available to organisms in a dry environment.
Entailed: True
Premises:
adapting is when a living thing responds to a change in an environment.
storing water increases the water available to organisms in a dry environment.
Conclusion: storing water is an adaptation to a dry environment.
Entailed: True
Premises:
as the available water in an environment increases, the populations of organisms in that environment will increase.
an aquatic animal requires great amounts of water to thrive.
Conclusion: as water increases in an environment, the population of aquatic animals will increase.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a salamander is a kind of aquatic animal.
as water increases in an environment, the population of aquatic animals will increase.
Conclusion: as water increases in an environment, the population of salamanders may increase.
Entailed: True
Premises:
when a body of water receives more water than it can hold, a flood occurs.
as the amount of water in a body of water increases, the water levels will increase especially at the edge of that body of water.
Conclusion: a flood is a result of a large increase of water in a body of water.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a flood is a result of a large increase of water in a body of water.
a body of water is a part of some environments.
Conclusion: a flood is a result of a large increase of water in an environment.
Entailed: True
Premises:
as water increases in an environment, the population of salamanders may increase.
a flood is a result of a large increase of water in an environment.
Conclusion: a flood may cause the population of salamander to increase in an environment.
Entailed: True
Premises:
frogs / turtles / fish / mice / birds are kinds of animals.
alligators eat frogs / turtles / fish / mice / birds.
Conclusion: alligators eat animals.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a predator eats other animals for food.
alligators eat animals.
Conclusion: alligators are a kind of predator.
Entailed: True
Premises:
alligators are a kind of predator.
as the population of prey decreases, competition between predators will increase.
Conclusion: as the population of prey decreases, competition between alligators will increase.
Entailed: True
Premises:
competition may cause animals to act aggressively towards members of their own species.
as the population of prey decreases, competition between alligators will increase.
Conclusion: as the population of prey decreases, agression between alligators will increase.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a drought occurs over a period of months / years.
drought is when available water decreases in an environment.
Conclusion: drought is when available water decreases in an environment over a period of months / years.
Entailed: True
Premises:
drought is when available water decreases in an environment over a period of months / years.
as available water decreases, the population of plants will decrease.
Conclusion: a drought that occurs over a period of months / years may cause the population of plants in an environment to decrease.
Entailed: True
Premises:
a marsh willow herb is a kind of plant.
a drought that occurs over a period of months / years may cause the population of plants in an environment to decrease.
Conclusion: a drought that occurs over a period of months / years may cause the population of marsh willow herb in an environment to decrease.
Entailed: True
Premises:
sweat is used for adjusting to hot temperatures by some animals.
sweat cools a body.
Conclusion: when the body is hot, sweat is used to cool the body.
Entailed: True
Premises:
panting is when an animal's body is cooled by hanging out their tongue.
when the body is hot, sweat is used to cool the body.
Conclusion: panting and sweating are used to cool the body.
Entailed: True
Premises:
cooling means decreasing heat / temperature.
if an animal becomes too hot then that animal may die.
Conclusion: cooling can be used by an animal for survival.
Entailed: True
Premises:
cooling can be used by an animal for survival.
if the environmental temperature is too hot then an animal in that environment may become hot.
Conclusion: if the temperature of an animal's environment becomes too hot then that animal must cool itself.
Entailed: True